cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protection of nitrergic neurotransmission by and colocalization of neural nitric oxide synthase with copper zinc superoxide dismutase

Abstract This study examined in the rat anococcygeus muscle the tissue distribution of copper zinc superoxide dismutase, the activity of CuZn SOD, and the role of CuZn SOD in protecting nitric oxide from destruction by superoxide anion. Immunohistochemical studies revealed intense staining for CuZn SOD in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-containing nerves. Muscle strips contained 1081±300 units SOD g −1 wet tissue (mean±S.E.M., n =5). Diethyldithiocarbamate (2 mM) inhibited CuZn SOD activity in supernatant fractions of muscle homogenates by 34% ( P n =5), an effect reversed by CuCl 2 (2 mM). In control conditions, electrical field stimulation of nitrergic inhibitory nerves evoked a 61.5±10.5% ( n =10) relaxation against guanethidine (30 μ M)-induced tone. Relaxation evoked by nitrergic inhibitory nerves was neither potentiated by exogenous CuZn SOD (10–1000 U ml −1 ) nor reduced by the O 2 −· -generator, pyrogallol (30 μ M). When diethyldithiocarbamate (2 mM) was present, stimulation of nitrergic inhibitory nerves evoked a 51.7±10.8% ( P n =10) relaxation against guanethidine (30 μ M)-induced tone. Addition of pyrogallol (30 μ M) to diethyldithiocarbamate-treated (2 mM for 30 min) muscle strips further reduced nerve-evoked relaxation to 30.7±7.6% ( P n =10). The inhibitory effect of pyrogallol was reversed by exogenous CuZn SOD (100 U ml −1 ). Diethyldithiocarbamate (2 mM) had no effect on relaxation evoked by exogenous NO (1 μ M). The data indicate that CuZn SOD is present in rat anococcygeus muscle, that it is colocalized with nNOS in the nitrergic nerves, and that it protects NO from destruction by O 2 −· .
Expression cloning of a diphtheria toxin receptor: Identity with a heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor precursor

A monkey cDNA (pDTS) encoding a diphtheria toxin (DT) sensitivity determinant was isolated by expression cloning in mouse L-M cells. Mouse cells are naturally resistant to DT, because they lack functional cell surface receptors for the toxin. Unlike wild-type L-M cells, pDTS-transfected mouse cells are extremely toxin sensitive and specifically bind radioiodinated DT. Intoxication of the transfected cells requires receptor-mediated endocytosis of the bound toxin. The cDNA is predicted to encode an integral membrane protein that is identical to the precursor of a heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. The DT sensitivity protein is thus a growth factor precursor that DT exploits as a receptor.
Computer-based collaborative training for transportation security and emergency response

This paper highlights the implementation of a computer-based, collaborative training prototype for emergency response in a Department of Transportation and its ability to improve organizational communication, resources and methods utilization, and best actions to follow in order to mitigate emergencies. The prototype is validated by means of several mock drills implemented in a state Department of Transportation in the United States. The drill results indicate that the computer-based, collaborative training tool developed is an economical and powerful training tool to enhance employees capabilities and preparedness to respond to emergencies.
The Home Advantage in Individual Sports

(1993). The Home Advantage in Individual Sports. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 133, No. 3, pp. 401-403.
The rhetoric of Hindu nationalism: A narrative of mythic redefinition

Like nationalist parties across the globe, Hindu nationalist parties have taken strong positions on issues relating to national identity. In this essay, we argue that Hindu nationalist rhetoric possesses a mythic narrative structure, which is tied to the broad rhetorical situation facing any nationalist movement that is outside the mainstream power structure in a society. We further argue that there are a limited number of narrative patterns that are often called for by a restricted set of rhetorical situations. We also propose a relationship between narrative and generic theory, suggesting a means of expanding the applicability of generic criticism.
Design considerations for data-flow database machines

This paper presents a discussion of the application of data-flow machine concepts to the design and implementation of database machines which execute relational algebra queries. We analyze the performance of multiprocessor nested-loops and sort-merge join algorithms and show that the nested-loops algorithm is generally superior. Three levels of operand granularity for data-flow database machines are introduced and compared using the nested-loops join algorithm. We demonstrate, that relation-level granularity is too coarse and that tuple-level granularity is too fine. The third level of granularity, a page of a relation, is shown to be the best choice from both hardware and software viewpoints. Finally, a preliminary design for a data-flow database machine which utilizes page-level granularity and supports distributed control of instruction execution is presented.
A Penning discharge source for extreme ultraviolet calibration

A Penning discharge lamp for use in the calibration of instruments and components for the extreme ultraviolet has been developed. This source is sufficiently light and compact to make it suitable for mounting on the movable slit assembly of a grazing incidence Rowland circle monochromator. Because this is a continuous discharge source, it is suitable for use with photon counting detectors. Line radiation is provided both by the gas and by atoms sputtered off the interchangeable metal cathodes. Usable lines are produced by species as highly ionized as Ne IV and Al V. The wavelength coverage provided is such that a good density of emission lines is available down to wavelengths as short as 100A. This source fills the gap between 100 and 300A, which is inadequately covered by the other available compact continuous radiation sources.
Rapid and complete resolution of chemotherapy-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS) with rituximab.

Purpose Gemcitabine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS) is a well described, albeit rare, complication, which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Treatment with standard TTP/HUS therapies such as plasma exchange, and cessation of gemcitabine is often unsuccessful. The purpose of this report is to describe the successful treatment of gemcitabine-induced TTP/HUS with rituximab, a CD20 monoclonal antibody that has been used for the treatment of refractory idiopathic TTP/HUS.
Internal and External Effects on the Accuracy of NES Turnout: Reply

In an earlier issue of this journal I brought attention to the fact that estimates of voter turnout in U.S. presidential elections from the National Election Study (NES) series have been increasingly biased. Although researchers had already noted that the NES overestimated turnout, I was concerned with the growing severity of the problem. While admitting that other factors were at work, my explanation centered on the representativeness of surveys, in particular that selection bias in the sample is correlated with the likelihood of voting (Burden 2000). Martinez (2003) and McDonald (2003) offer three possible additions to my argument. First, panel effects are responsible for particularly egregious discrepancies in a few presidential elections, particularly in the 1996 survey. Second, official turnout statistics that rely on the Voting Age Population (VAP) are themselves biased and lack perfect comparability with the NES. Third, the degree of misreporting might also depend on actual voter turnout.
Use of MRI and spectroscopy in evaluation of external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Abstract Purpose To characterize the metabolic response in the prostate, the time to resolution of disease, and the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with spectroscopy (MRSI) results, biopsy findings, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level after external beam radiotherapy. Methods and materials A total of 55 patients underwent MRSI before and/or at varying times after external beam radiotherapy. The percentage of the cancerous, healthy, and atrophic voxels was calculated, and the time to resolution of disease was determined and compared with the PSA nadir. Results Of the 55 patients, 70% had negative MRSI and 30% had positive MRSI findings. A strong correlation was found between negative MRSI and negative biopsy findings ( n = 11) and between positive MRSI and positive biopsy findings ( n = 7). A weak correlation was observed between the PSA level and the MRSI and biopsy findings. The mean time to disease resolution was 40.3 months and the mean time to PSA nadir was 50 months. With time, an increase in atrophy and a decline in cancerous metabolism was found. Conclusion When used in conjunction with PSA measurement and biopsy, the results of this study suggest that MRSI contributes to a greater level of confidence in determining the outcome and may be a useful adjunct for assessing local control before PSA failure when striving to distinguish the benign “blip” from local recurrence.
Convection in core collapse supernovae

Abstract The final explosion energy of supernovae produced by the late time neutrino heating mechanism in sensitive to the magnitude of the total neutrino luminosity streaming from the proto-neutron star remnant. In this paper we show that convection can occur on timescales important to the late time mechanism. The neutrino luminosity is thus enhanced, with a corresponding increase in the explosive energy, more than double the value obtained from numerical models of supernovae without convection.
Modeling and moments of multibreath lung washout.

Ventilation inhomogeneity, an important characteristic of abnormal lungs, is demonstrated in the dynamics of multibreath lung washout. Quantitative evaluation of the washout curve can be obtained from a model-free index, such as a moment ratio, or parameters of a model. Although a moment ratio is easier to compute and less dependent on noise, the parameters of an appropriate model have a direct physiological interpretation. In this study, we develop anN-alveolar-space model from dynamic mass balance equations, which account for breathing pattern variations. The general model takes the form of a set of time-varying, linear difference equations. Special cases of fewer alveolar spaces and time-invariance are examined in more detail. Properties of the time-invariant model are determined with the use of generating functions. In particular, from the generating function of the two-alveolar-space model, the ratio of the first-to-zero moments is expressed in terms of model parameters. If one of the spaces is poorly ventilated, the moment ratio approximately equals the relative volume-flow ratio of that space. As obtained from the model and found experimentally, the moment ratio gets larger as the ventilation inhomogeneity increases.
Doubling time α-aminoisobutyrate transport and calcium exchange in cultured fibroblasts from cystic fibrosis and control subjects

Abstract Population doubling time, kinetics of transport of α-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) and calcium (Ca) exchange were studied in skin fibroblast monolayers obtained from 5 subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 5 age- and sex-matched controls. Population doubling time as estimated from cell count, protein and DNA was no different in the two groups. KM, Vmax, maximal uptake and time of half maximal uptake of AIB were no different in the two groups. Intracellular Ca pool size based on exchange of 45Ca with unlabelled Ca was significantly greater in monolayers from CF subjects.
Nuclear ploidy in mammalian parenchymal liver cells.

ALTHOUGH it has generally been assumed that the nuclei of the parenchymal cells of mammalian liver have ploidies in the ratio of 2N : 4N : 8N : 16N … (ref. 1), contradictory reports have recently appeared. One described the existence in C3H mice of nuclei with ploidies of 3N, 6N and 12N, the first amounting to as much as 25–50 per cent of the nuclei during the first 2 weeks of life2. The other claimed that there is, in human liver, a continuum of nuclear DNA contents and volumes, and that individual classes of nuclei are not present3. The reasons for the discrepancies between these results and the generally accepted theory are not known, but one possibility is that the methods of preparation and measurement of the material may produce systematic errors. Both the studies were carried out on sections of fixed tissues with micro-spectrophotometric methods that were less than optimal. During the course of the investigation of the relationship of cell size to cell ploidy4, measurements of nuclear size and ploidy have been carried out with intact, single parenchymal cells. The results obtained again confirm the existence of clearly defined classes of parenchymal cell nuclei.
The movement for church unity in christianity: Contributing factors

Abstract This study highlights the recent history of the movement for Christian unity and empirically examines those factors which affect clerical and lay attitudes towards ecumenism among 8 Christian denominations. Religious affiliation, belief in the communion of saints, one's relationship with Mary, and attitude towards gender equality in the church are found to be important explanatory variables in an analysis of support for church unity.
Comparison of photochemical behavior of various humic substances in water: II. Photosensitized oxygenations

Abstract The photochemical oxygenation of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) in water was studied under a variety of reaction conditions employing various humic substances as photosensitizers. As predicted by theory, the reactions at low DMF concentrations were first order with respect to DMF, and the reaction rate constants were directly proportional to the average light intensity and to the concentration of humic substance. The rate of oxygenation photosensitized by the humic matter from a river was independent of hydrogen ion activity in the pH 5 to 9 range. Wavelength studies indicate that oxygenations photosensitized by humic substances are induced by ultraviolet and blue radiation. Rate constants computed for this photosensitized reaction in sunlight were in close agreement with experimental values. Calculations also show that the ratio of the sunlight rate constants to total visible solar irradiance (400 to 700 nm) is approximately constant. Therefore, it may be possible to calibrate rate constants for photosensitized reactions in terms of commonly measured units of visible light intensity such as foot candles.
Rewarding excellence in pharmacy teaching

Abstract Schools and Colleges of Pharmacy need uniform, valid, and reliable methods to select and formally recognize teaching excellence. This manuscript describes important considerations in establishing a quality teaching recognition program. Factors to consider include the number and mix of awards, criteria, and process of choosing award winners, and the impact of awards on the School or College teaching program. Institutions should critically examine the processes by which they determine teaching awards in light of the recommendations of the 2009 AACP Task Force on Recognition and Reward of Teaching Excellence. The impact of teaching award programs may include demonstration of an institution's commitment to teaching excellence, increased faculty satisfaction and retention, and motivation of faculty members to improve their teaching skills through faculty development programs.
Nerve injury associated with laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy

Background. As laparoscopic herniorrhaphy becomes more popular, it is important to realize the potential for injury to surrounding neural structures, with attendant severe disability. Methods. Herein are discussed two patients with disabling neuralgia after laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. Results. Both patients were treated with transabdominal removal of their prosthetic materials and anchoring staples, with dramatic symptomatic improvement. Conclusions. The surgeon should be aware of the anatomic considerations accompanying laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. In regard to nerve injury, laparoscopic herniorrhaphy may pose certain disadvantages over traditional hernia repairs. It may diminish the ability to appreciate the course of nerves in the inguinal region and their relationship to the spermatic cord, and injury to nerves may be difficult to recognize and treat.
Analysis of the scattering of 46 MeV protons from 9Be and 12C

Abstract An analysis is made of the measurements of the elastic and inelastic scattering of 46 MeV protons by 3 Be and 12 C. The optical and collective models are used. There is considerable ambiguity in the optical parameters, and it was not found possible to obtain good fits to cross sections and polarizations simultaneously. Large quadrupole deformations were found for both 12 C (β 2 ≈ 0.6) and 9 Be (β 2 ≈ 1) . The inelastic scattering from 12 C agrees best with deformation of both real and imaginary parts of the optical potential, while 9 Be shows a preference for real coupling. The 14.1 MeV level in 12 C is interpreted as the 4 + rotational state, while the angular distribution for the 7.6 MeV 0 + level is well described by double quadrupole excitation via the lowest 2 + . Interpretations are suggested for other inelastic transitions, including the excitation of spin and isospin oscillations.
Use of porcine xenografts in treatment of Fournier's gangrene

Abstract The use of porcine xenografts as a biologic dressing has become increasingly popular, particularly in cases of extensive tissue loss, as in severe thermal injuries. It not only minimizes protein and fluid loss, acts as a barrier to infection, but also prevents conversion of second-degree burns through its ability to control existing infection. In this case, it was used successfully to treat Fournier's gangrene. We believe it significantly eased and shortened the patient's hospital stay and enabled us to apply autogenous split thickness skin grafts sooner than with conventional modes of wound care.
Experiments with some cluster analysis algorithms

Abstract In this paper, we shall show the following experimental results: (1) the one-dimensional clustering algorithm advocated by Slagle and Lee (1) can be generalized to the n -dimensional case, n > 1: (2) if a set of points in some n -space ( n > 1) are linearly ordered through the short spanning path algorithm, then this set of points can be considered as occupying a one-dimensional space and the original n -dimensional clustering problem can now be viewed as a one-dimensional clustering problem; (3) a short spanning path usually contains as much information as a minimal spanning tree; (4) the one-dimensional clustering algorithm can be used to find the long links in a short spanning path or a minimal spanning tree. These long links have to be broken to obtain clusters.
Evaluation of Emergency Medical Text Processor, a System for Cleaning Chief Complaint Text Data

Objectives Emergency Medical Text Processor (EMT-P) version 1, a natural language processing system that cleans emergency department text (e.g., chst pn, chest pai), was developed to maximize extraction of standard terms (e.g., chest pain). The authors compared the number of standard terms extracted from raw chief complaint (CC) data with that for CC data cleaned with EMT-P and evaluated the accuracy of EMT-P. Methods This cross-sectional observation study included CC text entries for all emergency department visits to three tertiary care centers in 2001. Terms were extracted from CC entries before and after cleaning with EMT-P. Descriptive statistics included number and percentage of all entries (tokens) and all unique entries (types) that matched a standard term from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). An expert panel rated the accuracy of the CC-UMLS term matches; inter-rater reliability was measured with kappa. Results The authors collected 203,509 CC entry tokens, of which 63,946 were unique entry types. For the raw data, 89,337 tokens (44%) and 5,081 types (8%) matched a standard term. After EMT-P cleaning, 168,050 tokens (83%) and 44,430 types (69%) matched a standard term. The expert panel reached consensus on 201 of the 222 CC-UMLS term matches reviewed (kappa=0.69-0.72). Ninety-six percent of the 201 matches were rated equivalent or related. Thirty-eight percent of the nonmatches were found to match UMLS concepts. Conclusions EMT-P version 1 is relatively accurate, and cleaning with EMT-P improved the CC-UMLS term match rate over raw data. The authors identified areas for improvement in future EMT-P versions and issues to be resolved in developing a standard CC terminology.
Current Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting Associated with Gastroparesis: Antiemetics, Prokinetics, Tricyclics

Gastroparesis is a symptomatic chronic disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying without a mechanical obstruction. Gastroparesis is most often associated with diabetes, gastric surgery, and systemic disorders affecting the neuromuscular control of the stomach. However, no underlying etiology can be found in up to 40% of patients, a condition referred to as idiopathic gastroparesis. Due to the numerous potential etiologies and the highly variable clinical manifestations, the management of gastroparesis is particularly challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the use of antiemetics, prokinetics, and tricyclics for the treatment for nausea and vomiting associated with gastroparesis.
16 Gbit/s super broadband OFDM-radio-over-fibre system

A super broadband OFDM-radio-over-fibre system with a record bandwidth of 16 Gbit/s to transmit over both 20 km SMF-28 and wireless distance of over 6 m has been experimentally demonstrated.
Catalogue of photoelastic fringes for a biaxially loaded infinite plate with a hole

This paper presents a typical catalogue of “virtual” photoelastic isochromatic fringes around the hole of a biaxially loaded infinite plate for two problems. Problem 1 relates to an infinite plate in which the circular hole is drilled first and then the loads are applied. Problem 2 is the residual stress problem in which the hole is drilled after the biaxial load is applied to the infinite plate. Use of this catalogue allows visualisation of the stress distribution around the hole, and a first approximation to the solution of the inverse problem using photoelasticity.
Flue gas effects on a carbon-based mercury sorbent

Coal is now the primary source of anthropogenic mercury emissions in the United States, accounting for 46%, or 72 tons/year, of the total U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated 158 tons/year [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mercury Study Report to Congress, EPA/600/P-94/002Aa, External Review Draft, Jan. 1995.]. Development of cost-effective mercury control for coal-fired boilers is a primary research need identified in the EPA Mercury Study Report to Congress [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mercury Study Report to Congress, EPA/600/P-94/002Aa, External Review Draft, Jan. 1995.]. During combustion of mercury-containing fuels such as coal, the mercury is completely volatilized and is not controlled by conventional particulate control devices unless the solid material effectively traps the mercury through sorption mechanisms. Typically, this does not occur naturally to a significant degree by the collected ash material. However, a promising approach for mercury control is the injection of an effective sorbent upstream of the particulate control device. Since the amount of mercury in the gas stream from coal combustion is usually in the range of 5 to 10 μg/m3 (about 1 ppbv), only very small amounts of a sorbent may be necessary. A requirement is that the mercury be tightly bound in the sorbent, not desorbing upon exposure to ambient air or leaching under wet disposal conditions. On a worldwide basis, the projected increase in coal usage over the next two decades in China, India, and Indonesia will dwarf the current U.S. coal consumption of 1 billion tons/year [International Energy Outlook, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, Washington, DC, April 1998, DOE/EIA-0484(98).]. Therefore, in the United States, coal will be the dominant source of mercury emissions, and worldwide, coal may be the cause of significantly increased mercury emissions unless an effective control strategy is implemented. However, there is much uncertainty over the most technically sound and cost-effective approach for reducing mercury emissions from coal-fired boilers.
The Development of Adolescent and Young Adult Participation Sort – Taiwanese Version

The purpose of this pilot research was to translate the Adolescent and Young Adult Participation Sort into Taiwanese (AYAPS-T), an assessment tool measuring the activity participation and the self-identified barriers of youth transitioning into adulthood. The study included five phases: translation, cultural adaptation, taking photographs, field testing for content validity and pilot testing of test–retest reliability. A literature review, expert review and translation with back-translation were conducted for the initial activities. The activities were then edited on the basis of the feedback of 23Taiwanese youth for content validity. Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91) of the AYAPS-T reported by 22 Taiwanese youth was high. With the activities designed to meet the developmental needs of young adults, the methodology of sorting photographs, the barrier list to identify possible obstacles and some psychometric properties established, the AYAPS-T serves as a reliable and valid tool to identify engagement of young adults in their occupations. Because of the nature of a pilot study, results are limited by a small sample size and limited evidence of psychometric properties. Psychometric properties such as interrater reliability and internal consistency as well as construct validity and concurrent validity need to be tested on a larger sample size. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing the rules of the game: Political risk, instability and fairplay in mineral concession contracts

(1980). Changing the rules of the game: Political risk, instability and fairplay in mineral concession contracts. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 100-119.
Nano‐Conjugate Fluorescence Probe for the Discrimination of Phosphate and Pyrophosphate

We describe a pyrophosphate (PPi) probe that is based on a fluorescent dicarboxylate-substituted poly(para-phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) and 10 nm cobalt-iron spinel nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous media. The spinel NPs efficiently quench the fluorescence of the PPE at a concentration of 20-30 pmol. Addition of phosphate anions to the PPE-NP construct displaces the quenched PPE to give rise to a fluorescent response; we found that PPi and phosphate (Pi) have significantly different binding affinities for the self-assembled materials. We can discern >40 nM PPi in the presence of 0.1 mM Pi at pH 7, which suggests that these assemblies may be useful in bio-analytical applications. This displacement assay was used to effectively determine the ability of pyrophosphatase to hydrolyze PPi to Pi.
Neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells: lineage selection and forced differentiation paradigms.

Abstract ABSTRACT Primitive embryonic stem cells are an ideal starting cell population for studies of gene expression and lineage segregation during development. Despite their potential, it has been difficult to determine culture conditions that cause single-lineage differentiation of these pluripotent cells. Both genetic and epigenetic approaches have been taken to promote neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells, including aggregation, exposure to the nonspecific teratogen/morphogen retinoic acid, low-density culture, exposure to growth/differentiation factors, and forced differentiation following expression of lineage-restricted “developmental control” genes. In the current investigation, a hybrid approach involving genetic techniques of “lineage selection” or “forced differentiation” has been employed to develop primitive neural progenitor cell lines. These lines form an important starting point to examine the cascades of gene expression (and inhibition) during neuronal and glial lineage segregation, to study growth factor effects on neural differentiation, and ultimately to provide a source of cells for transplantation to a damaged nervous system.
THE ROLE OF THE CHILD IN ABUSE: A Review of the Literature

Book reviewed in this article: Current theories generally emphasize the role of the parent in the etiology of child abuse, and frequently fail to consider other factors, in particular the role of the child. This paper reviews the literature and discusses the role of the child in abuse, with special attention to identification of particular types of children who may be most at risk.
High incidence of monosomy 18 in lymphoid malignancies that have bone marrow and peripheral blood involvement

Abstract We studied the incidence of numerical chromosome 18 abnormalities in 107 patients with lymphoid malignancies by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a directly conjugated centromeric probe for chromosome 18. Samples were obtained by fine needle aspiration of diseased nodes, bone marrows or peripheral blood. Monosomy 18 was more common in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (43%), small lymphocytic lymphoma (28%), and follicular lymphomas (12.5%) than in diffuse lymphomas (5.3%; p
Method for recoating optical fibres with polyimide

A new technique for recoating optical fibre with a polyimide jacket is demonstrated and characterised. Single and double layer coatings of 7 and 15 /spl mu/m, respectively, have been applied to 85 and 125 /spl mu/m fibre. The coatings are uniform and pinhole free, and the recoated sections have demonstrated high strength.
Structure of histone acetyltransferases

Histone acetyltranferase (HAT) enzymes are the catalytic subunits of multisubunit protein complexes that acetylate specific lysine residues on the N-terminal regions of the histone components of chromatin to promote gene activation. These enzymes, which now include more than 20 members, fall into distinct families that generally have high sequence similarity and related substrate specificity within families, but have divergent sequence and substrate specificity between families. Significant insights into the mode of catalysis and histone substrate binding have been provided by the structure determination of the divergent HAT enzymes Hat1, Gcn5/PCAF and Esa1. A comparison of these structures reveals a structurally conserved central core domain that mediates extensive interactions with the acetyl-coenzyme A cofactor, and structurally divergent N and C-terminal domains. A correlation of these structures with other studies reveals that the core domain plays a particularly important role in histone substrate catalysis and that the N and C-terminal domains play important roles in histone substrate binding. These correlations imply a related mode of catalysis and histone substrate binding by a diverse group of HAT enzymes.
Fungal conidia distribution on chrysanthemum: varying spray parameters

The conidial deposition of BotaniGard® 22WP on chrysanthemum plants was assessed. Assessments were conducted on stationary and moving applications using different spray nozzles, application angles and tank pressures. In addition, the spray time and distance from the target plant were included. Conidial deposition was greater on the upper canopy of the plants and the upper sides of the leaves. The nozzle type, spray angle, and distance from the target plant had the most significant effects on conidial distribution. The optimal spray nozzles were found to be HC-22 and FAN-1, which provided the best coverage of both the plants in general, and on the lower surfaces of the leaves.
MAXWELL DUALITY, LORENTZ INVARIANCE, AND TOPOLOGICAL PHASE

We discuss the Maxwell electromagnetic duality relations between the Aharonov-Bohm, Aharonov-Casher, and He-McKellar-Wilkens topological phases, which allows a unified description of all three phenomena.
Use of 111In-labeled alginate to study the pH dependence of alginic acid anti-esophageal reflux barrier.

Mixtures of alginic acid and antacid, when given orally, react with gastric acid to form a viscous barrier (raft) which floats on the surface of the gastric contents. 111 In was used to label magnesium alginate in order to study the effect of gastric acidity on the extent of formation of the raft. In vitro , acid concentrations less than 0.05 N diminished raft formation. In vivo , raft formation was significantly better in normal subjects who ingested dilute acid with the labeled alginate/antacid than in subjects who ingested the labeled alginate/antacid with plain water. Gastric emptying of the labeled alginate was also slowed by the presence of acidified gastric contents. These results suggest that the formation of an effective alginic acid antireflux barrier requires acidic gastric contents.
Situational and dispositional factors as antecedents of ingratiatory behaviors in organizational settings

Abstract This study examined both situational and dispositional antecedents of four ingratiatory behaviors: other-enhancing, opinion conformity, favor rendering, and self-promotion. The two situational variables (i.e., role ambiguity and leader-member exchange) and the four dispositional variables (i.e., self-esteem, need for power, job involvement, and shyness) were considered as antecedents to each of the ingratiatory behaviors. Results from a sample of 136 full-time employees suggested that each of the ingratiatory behaviors had a unique set of antecedents and that the dispositional variables explained significant additional variance beyond the variance explained by the situational variables.
The evolution of insanity standards

Health care professionals are often called upon as expert witnesses in insanity determinations. Most are familiar with the “insanity standard” applicable in the court in which they are called to testify. It might be helpful to understand that not all jurisdictions apply the same standard and how the different standards are related. This article is intended to address the problems associated with each insanity “test” presently in use and how “determining” insanity is an evolutionary process.
Temperature effects for chiral separations using various bulk fluids in near‐critical mobile phases

As supercritical fluid chromatography becomes more accepted as a facile means for the separation of chiral compounds, the need for mobile phases that can readily solubilize these polar compounds grows. Prior studies suggest that HFC-134a may prove suitable due to its very high eluotropic strength compared to carbon dioxide-based mobile phases. A comparison is made between ethanol-modified carbon dioxide, HFC-134a, and decafluoropentane as to their relative eluotropic strength, selectivity, and efficiency for three chiral compounds using a Whelk O-1 chiral bonded phase. The bulk component of the mobile phase was found to have relatively little effect on chiral selectivity over the range of 5° to 95°C. Chirality 9:693–698, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Haplotype data for 23 Y-chromosome markers in four U.S. population groups

The PowerPlex Y23 kit contains 23 Y-chromosomal loci including all 17 of the markers in the Yfiler Y-STR kit plus six additional markers: DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643. We have typed 1032 unrelated population samples from four self-declared US groups: African Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and Western European Caucasians. An analysis of the population genetic parameters and the improvement of adding additional Y-STR markers to the dataset are described.
Adrenergic receptors in aging and Alzheimer's disease: Decreased α2-receptors demonstrated by [3H]p-aminoclonidine binding in prefrontal cortex☆

Abstract Biochemical and pathological studies have described abnormalities in the brainstem locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurones in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in aging. Loss of cortical noradrenergic fibers originating from the locus coeruleus may cause a decrease in presynaptic receptors or induce an increase in postsynaptic receptors, similar to “denervation supersensitivity” in animal models. Thus far it is unclear whether α 2 -adrenergic receptors are affected in AD. In this study, we assessed the specific binding of [ 3 H ]p- aminoclonidine , an agonist at α 2 -receptors and at imidazoline-preferring binding sites, to prefrontal cortex and other regions including hippocampus, temporal cortex, putamen and cerebellum from subjects with AD and aging controls. We particularly focused on the prefrontal cortex because of its relatively rich monoaminergic innervation and recent evidence suggesting involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms in cognition in aging nonhuman primates. The other regions, which are also innervated by noradrenergic fibers, were examined for comparison. Ligand binding to prefrontal cortex decreased with age of controls and was also significantly reduced by ∼50% in AD subjects compared to age-matched controls. This change in AD was related to the maximum binding capacity (B max ) rather than to an altered affinity of the ligand for the receptor. There were no significant changes in any of the other regions studied. Binding did not change with postmortem delay or with duration of tissue storage. We suggest that presynaptic α2-receptors presumably labeled by [ 3 H ]p- aminoclonidine on noradrenergic synapses are those that are selectively decreased in the prefrontal cortex in AD and in aging.
Endocrine Function of the Ovarian Interstitial Gland of Rabbits

The ability of interstitial tissue of the rabbit ovary to maintain pregnancy and to secrete progestin was investigated. X-irradiated ovaries which contained only interstitial tissue failed to maintain pregnancy following the removal of contralateral normal ovaries containing corpora lutea. Neither a small dose of estradiol (3 μg/day) nor large doses of gonadotrophin (chorionic gonadotrophin, whole pituitary powder, or NIH-LH) were able to prevent interruption of pregnancies in does with an X-irradiated ovary. Control, unirradiated does, pregnant in one uterine horn, maintained pregnancies to term in the majority of cases following sham operation or removal of a contralateral ovary. By chemical determination, neither ovarian venous blood nor the X-irradiated ovary with only interstitial tissue contained measurable quantities of progesterone, but 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20α-OH) was found in copious amounts. It is concluded that interstitial cells are stimulated directly by gonadotrophin to synthesize a...
Systematic Review: Impact of Health Information Technology on Quality, Efficiency, and Costs of Medical Care

This review found that 4 benchmark institutions have done most of the published research on the effects of the electronic health record on medical care. The research shows that electronic health re...
Pixel-based range processing for autonomous driving

We describe a pixel-based approach to range processing for obstacle detection and autonomous driving as an alternative to the traditional image- or map-based approaches. The pixel-based approach eliminates the delays due to image acquisition and map building and permits the integration of traversability evaluation and path generation into a single module without the latency involved in distributed systems. We describe the algorithm used for updating a local map using individual range pixels, for detecting obstacles on the fly, and for generating steering commands. We illustrate the performance of the algorithm using an implementation of a cross-country driving system with a scanning laser range finder. >
Structure/function analysis of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase central isoform-specific region: involvement in PKC regulation.

Specific functions served by the various Na+-K+-ATPase α-isoforms are likely to originate in regions of structural divergence within their primary structures. The isoforms are nearly identical, wit...
Agroforestry, elephants, and tigers: Balancing conservation theory and practice in human-dominated landscapes of Southeast Asia

Large mammal populations theoretically are best conserved in landscapes where large protected areas are surrounded by buffer zones, connected by corridors, and integrated into a greater ecosystem. Multi-use buffer zones, including those containing complex agroforestry systems, are promoted as one strategy to provide both economic benefits to people and conservation benefits to wildlife. We use the island of Sumatra, Indonesia to explore the benefits and limitations of this strategy. We conclude that conservation benefits are accrued by expanding the habitat available for large mammals but more attention needs to be focused on how to reduce and respond to human–wildlife conflict that is likely to occur in these multiple use areas. Agroforestry systems are likely to play an increasingly valuable role in the conservation of large mammalian species. We believe this value can be increased still further if the agroforestry community decides to assume a leadership role in addressing the issue of human–wildlife conflict, which is fast becoming a central threat to the survival of many large endangered species like tigers and elephants. Both people and wildlife can benefit enormously if appropriate methods are developed to more rigorously define the distribution and frequency of conflict between tigers and elephants with people along the edge of protected areas. Sharp forest–agriculture boundaries may reduce tiger–human conflicts, but not elephant–human conflict according to the data we currently have. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Modeling of Molten Metal/Water Interactions

A theoretical model has been developed for molten metal/water interactions by using a semiempirical heat transfer correlation and a mass transfer analogy to predict the metal ignition threshold tem...
Comfuter-Aided Design of Broad-Band Active Matching Networks

Described is a computer-aided technique of designing active matching networks using distributed constant circuit elements. The merits and limitations of various performance indices which have been used are discussed. Some sample designs are presented.
Distributed model predictive control

The article presents results for distributed model predictive control (MPC), focusing on i) the coordination of the optimization computations using iterative exchange of information and ii) the stability of the closed-loop system when information is exchanged only after each iteration. Current research is focusing on general methods for decomposing large-scale problems for distributed MPC and methods for guaranteeing stability when multiple agents are controlling systems subject to abrupt changes.
On the mechanism of fluid transport across corneal endothelium and epithelia in general

The mechanism by which fluid is transported across epithelial layers is still unclear. The prevalent idea is that fluid traverses these layers transcellularly, driven by local osmotic gradients secondary to electrolyte transport and utilizing the high osmotic permeability of aquaporins. However, recent findings that some aquaporin knockout mice epithelia transport fluid sow doubts on local osmosis. This review discusses recent evidence in corneal endothelium that points instead to electro-osmosis as the mechanism underlying fluid transport. In this concept, a local recirculating electrical current would result in electro-osmotic coupling at the level of the intercellular junctions, dragging fluid via the paracellular route. The text also mentions possible mechanisms for apical bicarbonate exit from endothelial cells, and discusses whether electro-osmosis could be a general mechanism.
Doubly Generalized LDPC Codes

The design of generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes at both check and bit nodes over AWGN channel is considered in this paper. The new codes are referred to as doubly generalized LDPC codes. EXIT charts are used to optimize the parameters of these codes. Both analysis and simulations show that this method can provide more flexibility in constructing codes with good threshold.
Reversing synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease: Rho-guanosine triphosphatases and insights from other brain disorders.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a monumental public health crisis with no effective cure or treatment. To date, therapeutic strategies have focused almost exclusively on upstream signaling events in the disease, namely on β-amyloid and amyloid precursor protein processing, and have, unfortunately, yielded few, if any, promising results. An alternative approach may be to target signaling events downstream of β-amyloid and even tau. However, with so many pathways already linked to the disease, understanding which ones are “drivers” versus “passengers” in the pathogenesis of the disease remains a tremendous challenge. Given the critical roles of Rho-guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and spine dynamics, and the strong association between spine abnormalities and cognition, it is not surprising that mutations in a number of genes involved in Rho-GTPase signaling have been implicated in several brain disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. And now, there is mounting literature implicating Rho-GTPase signaling in AD pathogenesis as well. Here, I review this evidence, with a particular emphasis on the regulators of Rho-GTPase signaling, namely guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins. Several of these have been linked to various aspects of AD, and each offers a novel potential therapeutic target for AD.
The Effects of Large Wildfires on Employment and Wage Growth and Volatility in the Western United States

We examined the effect of large wildfires on economic growth and volatility in the western United States. We matched wildfire data with quarterly employment and earnings growth data to assess the specific effect of wildfire on employment and wage growth in western US counties. Wildfires generally tended to exhibit positive effects on employment and wage growth in the quarter(s) during which suppression efforts were active. However, this effect transitioned to increased economic volatility following a wildfire. The effect of wildfire also varied by the type of county in which wildfire occurred. The amount of suppression costs invested locally had the strongest influence on employment growth, indicating that there may be room for augmenting how local economies experience wildfire either through the development of community capacity or by addressing barriers to local spending in federal wildfire policy.
The 5e motif of eukaryotic signal recognition particle RNA contains a conserved adenosine for the binding of SRP72

The signal recognition particle (SRP) plays a pivotal role in transporting proteins to cell membranes. In higher eukaryotes, SRP consists of an RNA molecule and six proteins. The largest of the SRP proteins, SRP72, was found previously to bind to the SRP RNA. A fragment of human SRP72 (72c') bound effectively to human SRP RNA but only weakly to the similar SRP RNA of the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii. Chimeras between the human and M. jannaschii SRP RNAs were constructed and used as substrates for 72c'. SRP RNA helical section 5e contained the 72c' binding site. Systematic alteration within 5e revealed that the A240G and A240C changes dramatically reduced the binding of 72c'. Human SRP RNA with a single A240G change was unable to form a complex with full-length human SRP72. Two small RNA fragments, one composed of helical section 5ef, the other of section 5e, competed equally well for the binding of 72c', demonstrating that no other regions of the SRPR RNA were required. The biochemical data completely agreed with the nucleotide conservation pattern observed across the phylogenetic spectrum. Thus, most eukaryotic SRP RNAs are likely to require for function an adenosine within their 5e motifs. The human 5ef RNA was remarkably resistant to ribonucleolytic attack suggesting that the 240-AUC-242 "loop" and its surrounding nucleotides form a peculiar compact structure recognized only by SRP72.