cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment interventions for pusher syndrome: A case series

Background Pusher syndrome (PS) is a clinical disorder that causes decreased postural balance and active pushing away from the non-hemiparetic side in patients with right or left brain damage. Therapists are challenged by needing to manage both the hemiparetic and the pushing/non-hemiparetic sides. There is a minimal amount of evidence about effective treatment interventions for PS. Objective To describe treatment interventions that reduce pushing behavior and improve functional outcomes in patients with PS. Methods Five individuals (aged 42-76, admitted 5-16 days post-stroke) with PS participated in this case series. The participants received 90 minutes of physical therapy (5 days/week) with an average length of stay of 27 days. Treatment focused on regaining their sense of midline (balance and transfers), mobility retraining, and neuro re-education activities. Outcome measures examined pushing behavior, transfer ability, and sitting balance. Results All five participants demonstrated improvements in pushing behavior, balance and transfer status. Conclusions These outcomes provide preliminary evidence of decreased pushing behavior, and improved balance and transfers following a program of interventions designed to improve the functional outcomes of patients with PS. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings, and whether these interventions are effective for patients with less severe pushing behavior.
Desegregation and the (Dis)Integration of Black School Leaders: Reflections on the Impact of "Brown v. Board of Education" on Black Education.

The history of education for African Americans in the United States is one of struggle largely due to laws that forbade the education of enslaved Africans. Resultingly, education exists in a broade...
Eliminating international normalized ratio threshold for transfusion in pediatric patients with acute liver failure.

Introduction Transfusion protocols are not well-studied for pediatric patients with acute liver failure (ALF). This study evaluates the utility of an international normalized ratio (INR)-based transfusion threshold for these patients. Methods Forty-four ALF pediatric patients from 2009 to 2018 were reviewed and divided into two groups: (a) a threshold group including patients between 2009 and 2015 who were transfused for an INR above 3.0, per institutional policy (n = 30), and (b) a post-threshold group including patients after 2015 through 2018 who were transfused based on clinical judgment (n = 14). Preoperative INRs, preoperative transfusions, intraoperative transfusions, early reoperation, renal function, graft function and deaths were compared. Results Liver failure severity was similar between threshold and post-threshold groups. Threshold patients had a lower average INR prior to transplantation, 2.8 (range 1.8-3.8) vs 4.4 (range 2.1-9.0), respectively (P = .01). Twenty-six threshold patients (87%) received preoperative FFP compared with seven post-threshold patients (50%, P = .0088). Two threshold patients (7%) received preoperative cryoprecipitate compared with five post-threshold patients (36%, P = .014). The incidence of pre-transplant bleeding, operative transfusions, and 1-year patient and graft survival did not differ significantly. Conclusion Clinical judgment vs an INR-based threshold for transfusions did not increase perioperative complications in children with ALF.
Parkinson’s disease and osteoporosis: basic and clinical implications

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. Lewy bodies, the hallmark of this disease due to an accumulation of α-synuclein, lead to loss of dopami...
Accuracy of prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS v2) in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa).

e17604Background: MRI-targeted biopsy is increasingly utilized over standard 12-core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy for men with MRI-visible prostate lesions. Some clinicians defer biopsy for...
The Precision Oncology Program for Cancer of the Prostate (POPCaP) Network: A Veterans Affairs/Prostate Cancer Foundation Collaboration

Background The promise of precision oncology only can be realized when genetic alterations are identified that can be lever-aged to improve response and minimize toxicity. Identifying those alterations as efficiently as possible and then giving patients access to targeted therapy and clinical study requires a comprehensive strategy across health care systems. Observations The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Prostate Cancer Foundation have established a network of VA centers to help develop best practices for precision oncology for the treatment of veterans with advanced prostate cancer. This article describes the genesis and structure of this network and its potential for contributing to care and research in the VA and the health care system as a whole. Conclusions The Precision Oncology Program for Cancer of the Prostate network and its partnership with VA clinical and research efforts is anticipated to provide important insights into barriers and solutions to the implementation of precision oncology for prostate cancer across the VA.
First global observations of third-degree ocean tides

The Moon’s tidal potential is slightly asymmetric, giving rise to so-called third-degree ocean tides, which are small and never before observed on a global scale. High-precision satellite altimeters have collected sea level records for almost three decades, providing a massive database from which tiny, time-coherent signals can be extracted. Here, four third-degree tides are mapped: one diurnal, two semidiurnal, and one terdiurnal. Aside from practical benefits, such as improved tide prediction for geodesy and oceanography, the new maps reveal unique ways the ocean responds to a precisely known, but hitherto unexplored, force. An unexpected example involves the two semidiurnals, where the smaller lunar force is seen to generate the larger ocean tide, especially in the South Pacific. An explanation leads to new information about an ocean normal mode that spatially correlates with the third-degree astronomical potential. The maps also highlight previously unknown shelf resonances in all three tidal bands.
NOTES ON INTERTEMPORAL TRADE IN GOODS AND MONEY 1

Ever since Svensson and Razin (1983) pioneered intertemporal analysis in a cutting edge analysis of a microeconomic conundrum—the LaursenMetzler-Harberger problem of the terms of trade effect on spending—, intertemporal approaches to the current account have flourished. The state of the art is codified in Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995, 1996); the range of applications has widened to analyses involving risk, as in the most recent Obstfeld-Rogoff work or macroeconomic interdependence as in the ambitious paper of Corsetti and Pesenti (1998). The literature is in full swing. But it also suffers the difficulty that it quickly runs into diminishing returns—with many goods, assets and periods the range of outcomes quickly widens and models lose their leverage. The present paper takes the opposite tack of the literature in choosing heuristically to go backward toward the very simplest model and the most basic structure, namely trade in a single good and a common money. This simplification highlights intertemporal trade and focuses on Patinkin-Ricardo style monetary economics in the open economy. Imagine the simple question: there is one time increase in the home money supply, what happens to world real interest rate and the path of prices? More broadly, when does money have an effect on real interest rates and how does a fiscal policy disturbance affect price? As it turns out, in this very simple world of real interest rates, current and future price levels (even with functional forms that are rock
A multiview model for relative and absolute microbial abundances.

The absolute abundance of bacterial taxa in human host-associated environments plays a critical role in reproductive and gastrointestinal health. However, obtaining the absolute abundance of many bacterial species is typically prohibitively expensive. In contrast, relative abundance data for many species are comparatively cheap and easy to collect (e.g., with universal primers for the 16S rRNA gene). In this paper, we propose a method to jointly model relative abundance data for many taxa and absolute abundance data for a subset of taxa. Our method provides point and interval estimates for the absolute abundance of all taxa. Crucially, our proposal accounts for differences in the efficiency of taxon detection in the relative and absolute abundance data. We show that modeling taxon-specific efficiencies substantially reduces the estimation error for absolute abundance, and controls the coverage of interval estimators. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed method via a simulation study, a study of the effect of HIV acquisition on microbial abundances, and a sensitivity study where we jackknife the taxa with observed absolute abundances.
Fresh Start or Fresh Water: Collateral, Lender Environmental Liability and The Pollution-Employment Tradeoff

This paper investigates how the exposure of secured lenders to their debtors' environmental liability affects employment, production and pollution. Using a US federal reform as a novel natural experiment, I show that firms increase on-site pollution, cut investment in abatement technology and incur more environmental regulatory violations when lenders are less responsible for the environmental liabilities of their collateral. The effects are stronger for firms that are debt-dependent and close to bankruptcy. The impact on firms' production and employment is close to zero and precisely estimated, suggesting that lenders monitor their debtors' environmental compliance with limited distortion on debtor operations.
Exposure to tobacco and e-cigarette advertisements by sexual identity status among high school students

Introduction The literature on tobacco advertising among sexual minorities is relatively scarce. This study examined the association between exposure to tobacco products and e-cigarettes advertisements and sexual identity. Methods Data were from the 2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 7223). The prevalence of exposure to tobacco marketing through various channels was estimated among high school students and by sexual identity subgroups. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between sexual identity status and exposure to tobacco and e-cigarette advertisements. Results The proportion of sexual minority adolescents who reported exposure to tobacco and e-cigarette advertisements was higher than heterosexuals. In multivariable analysis, gay or lesbian youth (aOR 1.45, 95% CI, 1.04-2.02) had higher odds of any exposure to tobacco and e-cigarette advertisement than heterosexuals. Regarding the channel of advertisement exposure, sexual minorities were more likely to be exposed via newspapers/magazines for cigarettes or other tobacco products. Likewise, gay or lesbian youth and those not sure about their sexual identity had higher odds of exposure via newspapers/magazines for e-cigarettes. Analysis stratified by sex showed significant differences, with gay or lesbian males more likely to be exposed to any tobacco and e-cigarette advertisements via the internet, newspapers/magazines, and TV/streaming services. Males not sure about their sexual identity are more likely to be exposed to tobacco and e-cigarette advertisements via newspapers/magazines. Conclusions Overall, sexual minority adolescents had high exposure to tobacco products and e-cigarette advertisements, especially males. Prevention and intervention efforts targeting this population could help reduce the well-established tobacco use disparities.
Prioritized computation offloading and resource optimization for networks with strict latency

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has improved capabilities of mobile devices through computation offloading. However, this has also increased latency from overheads in moving the computation around. While there is a plethora of strategies for binary offloading decisions, in this work we take a different approach by partially offloading computations based on priority. We divide the problem into offloading selection, transmission power optimization and spectrum and computing resource allocation and solve them sequentially. Our results show that this mechanism outperforms existing offloading schemes.
Intergroup Dialogue in Undergraduate Multicultural Psychology Education: Group Climate Development and Outcomes

We examined group climate and outcomes in 19 intergroup dialogues (IGD) focused on gender, race and ethnicity, religion and spirituality, sexual orientation, or social class at a large, public university in the Southeastern United States. Group members were undergraduate students enrolled in a course in multicultural psychology. Participants completed preand post-dialogue outcome measures of: attitudes toward diversity, colorblind attitudes, and ethnocultural empathy. Following each of the eight weekly sessions, participants completed a group climate measure assessing engagement, avoidance, and conflict. Across eight weeks, group members perceived significant increases in engagement and decreases in avoidance, but no significant changes in conflict. In addition, we found significant decreases in two aspects of colorblind racial attitudes: blindness to racial privilege (RP) and blindness to institutional discrimination (ID); and significant increases in empathic perspective taking (EPT). Finally, change in individual group members’ perceptions of the level of engagement over time predicted post-dialogue RP, ID, and EPT, when controlling for pre-dialogue scores on the same variables. These findings are discussed in relationship to the critical-dialogic model of IGD, and implications for research and practice are explored.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Infectious Agents

The photodynamic inactivation of poliovirus by use of the photoreactive dye methylene blue at pH 10 and monochromatic lights was investigated on a continuous flow basis. The photodynamic inactivation process was effective for virus inactivation in clarified wastewater and requires various unit operations that are inherent to both the tertiary treatment of secondary effluent for phosphorus and ammonia removal and for the physical-chemical treatment of sewage. The process can be used in existing physical-chemical waste treatment plants, secondary waste treatment plants where tertiary treatment for nutrient and improved carbon removals are of concern, and water treatment plants where the lime-softening process is used for water purification. Photodynamic inactivation rates for poliovirus using methylene blue at pH 10 were sensitive to heat during sensitization and subsequent irradiation.
Recurring discharge patterns in multiple spike trains

We present a procedure to detect recurring discharge patterns in multiple spike trains. Such recurring patterns can include many spikes and involve from three to many spike trains. The pattern detection procedure is based on calculating the exact probability of randomly obtaining each individually recurring pattern. The statistical evaluation is based on the use of 2 × 2 contingency tables and the application of Fisher's exact test. Several simulations are applied to evaluate the method. Findings based on applying the procedure to simultaneously recorded spike and event trains are described in a companion paper (Frostig et al. 1990).
Approximating a bandlimited function using very coarsely quantized data: Improved error estimates in sigma-delta modulation

Sigma-delta quantization is a method of representing bandlimited signals by 0−1 sequences that are computed from regularly spaced samples of these signals; as the sampling density λ → ∞, convolving these one-bit sequences with appropriately chosen kernels produces increasingly close approximations of the original signals. This method is widely used for analogto-digital and digital-to-analog conversion, because it is less expensive and simpler to implement than the more familiar critical sampling followed by fine-resolution quantization. We present examples of how tools from number theory and harmonic analysis are employed in sharpening the error estimates in sigma-delta quantization.
Sticks, Stones, and Schoolyard Bullies: Restorative Justice, Mediation and a New Approach to Conflict Resolution in Our Schools

One of the most damaging and increasing problems in our schools today is student teasing and bullying. The research is clear: Victims and bystanders of bullying will experience emotional scars with long-term effects. This Article discusses the failure of the traditional legal system to prevent bullying and to provide appropriate compensation for its victims. In addition, the Article introduces a new approach to conflict resolution in our schools called the Social Inclusion Approach. Based upon principles of Restorative Justice, the Social Inclusion Approach seeks to change the climate of the school and give the bystanders the power to say, "Stop." Finally, this article discusses a model anti-bullying statute that requires schools to adopt and implement research-based, whole-school approaches to end bullying. It is only in a school environment where teasing and bullying are out of place that we can truly get a handle on this subversive and difficult community problem.
Hepatitis B—lamivudine for all and forever?

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term lamivudine therapy in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) with or without cirrhosis. Study patients were men and women who had received lamivudine 100 mg/day p.o. for 52 wk for treatment of biopsy-proven chronic HBV; 1½9 patients had cirrhosis. Patient eligibility requirements included having a diagnosis of chronic HBV, being positive for HBV by polymerase chain reaction, at least 18 yr of age, and positive for HBsAg, and having abnormally elevated ALT levels. Patients were evaluated for changes in HBV DNA and ALT concentrations, rates at which HBeAg was converted to negative, development of lamivudine resistance, and differences in the drug's effectiveness between patients with and without cirrhosis. Responses of serum HBV DNA and ALT were categorized into three groups according to degree of response to lamivudine treatment: continuous, unstable, and no response. Twenty-nine patients were evaluated in this retrospective analysis. Therapy with lamivudine suppressed serum HBV DNA to undetectable levels in 97% of patients within 12 wk and remained undetectable in 83% of patients after 52 wk. Differences in responses of HBV DNA and ALT to lamivudine therapy in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients and in the development of drug resistance between patients with and without cirrhosis were negligible. Pretreatment HBV DNA and ALT levels had no effect on the efficacy of lamivudine (p = 0.9116). No serious adverse events were reported.
Depth of origin of ESD ions: enhancement of F− from PF3Ru(0001 upon passage through xenon overlayers

Abstract We have studied the electron stimulated desorption of F− from a monolayer of PF 3 Ru (0001) ; the ions pass through ultrathin overlayer films of Xe. Surprisingly, we find the F− yield to be 4 times higher in the presence of a Xe overlayer one monolayer thick than in the absence of Xe. This enhancement is accompanied by a dramatic change in the ion angular distribution: While F− ions desorb from PF 3 Ru (0001) in a hexagonal array of off-normal beams, they desorb in a broad normal distribution in the presence of a Xe overlayer. We discuss a model which attributes the increase in F− to a decrease in the neutralization probability of F− with the surface, and the change in angle to elastic scattering.
Operator interface to the oric control system

The Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC) was built in the early 1960s with a hard-wired manual control system. Presently, it serves as a variable-energy heavy-ion cyclotron with an internal ion source, or as an energy booster for the new 25 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator of the Holifield Heavy Ion Facility. One factor which has kept the cyclotron the productive research tool it is today is the gradual transfer of its control functions to a computer-based system beginning in the 1970s. This particular placement of a computer between an accelerator and its operators afforded some unique challenges and opportunities that would not be encountered today. Historically, the transformation began at a time when computers were just beginning to gain acceptance as reliable operational tools. Veteran operators with tens of years of accelerator experience justifiably expressed skepticism that this improvement would aid them, particularly if they had to re-learn how to operate the machine. The confidence of the operators was gained when they realized that one of the primary principles of ergonomics was being upheld. The computer software and hardware was being designed to serve them and not the computer.
Division and differentiation during normal and liguleless-1 maize leaf development

The maize leaf is composed of a blade and a sheath, which are separated at the ligular region by a ligule and an auricle. Mutants homozygous for the recessive liguleless-1 (lg1) allele exhibit loss of normal ligule and auricle. The cellular events associated with development of these structures in both normal and liguleless plants are investigated with respect to the timing of cell division and differentiation. A new method is used to assess orientation of anticlinal division planes during development and to determine a division index based on recent epidermal cross-wall deposition. A normal leaf follows three stages of development: first is a preligule stage, in which the primordium is undifferentiated and dividing throughout its length. This stage ends when a row of cells in the preligule region divides more rapidly in both transverse and longitudinal anticlinal planes. During the second stage, ligule and auricle form, blade grows more rapidly than sheath, divisions in the blade become exclusively transverse in orientation, and differentiation begins. The third stage is marked by rapid increase in sheath length. The leaf does not have a distinct basal meristem. Instead, cell divisions are gradually restricted to the base of the leaf with localized sites of increased division at the preligule region. Divisions are not localized to the base of the sheath until near the end of development. The liguleless-1 homozygote shows no alteration in this overall pattern of growth, but does show distinct alteration in the anticlinal division pattern in the preligule region. Two abnormal patterns are observed: either the increase in division rate at the preligule site is absent or it exhibits loss of all longitudinal divisions so that only transverse (or cell-file producing) divisions are present. This pattern is particularly apparent in developing adult leaves on older lg1 plants, in which sporadic ligule vestiges form. From these and results previously published (Becraft et al. (1990) Devl Biol. 14), we conclude that the information carried by the Lg1+ gene product acts earlier in development than formation of the ligule proper. We hypothesize that Lg1+ may be effective at the stage when the blade-sheath boundary is first determined.
Influence of Postvocalic Consonants on Vowel Duration in Esophageal Speech

The durations of vowels preceding voiced-voiceless stops in utterances produced by three esophageal speakers and three normal speakers were measured. Vowels were significantly longer before voiced ...
On the behavior of weak convergence under nonlinearities and applications

This paper provides a sufficient condition to guarantee the stability of weak limits under nonlinear operators acting on vector-valued Lebesgue spaces. This nonlinear framework places the weak convergence in perspective. Such an approach allows short and insightful proofs of important results in Functional Analysis such as: weak convergence in L∞ implies strong convergence in L p for all 1 ≤ p < oo, weak convergence in L 1 vs. strong convergence in L 1 and the Brezis-Lieb theorem. The final goal is to use this framework as a strategy to grapple with a nonlinear weak spectral problem on W 1,p .
Socket programming in the data communications laboratory

Although many data communications courses are taught with no programming content, courses designed for computer science majors should include programming. Many data communications courses with a programming component make use of serial ports on PCs while some deal with detailed network layer projects. UNIX socket programming allows the students to deal with the same issues and problems, but in a context that is more likely to be useful and that is more interesting. In addition, if socket classes are used with C++, only as much detail of socket operation as desired need be presented.
Active learning for accent adaptation in Automatic Speech Recognition

We experiment with active learning for speech recognition in the context of accent adaptation. We adapt a source recognizer on the target accent by selecting a relatively small, matched subset of utterances from a large, untranscribed and multi-accented corpus for human transcription. Traditionally, active learning in speech recognition has relied on uncertainty based sampling to choose the most informative data for manual labeling. Such an approach doesn't include explicit relevance criterion during data selection, which is crucial for choosing utterances to match the target accent, from datasets with wide-ranging speakers of different accents. We formulate a cross-entropy based relevance measure to complement uncertainty based sampling for active learning to aid accent adaptation. We evaluate the algorithm on two different setups for Arabic and English accents and show that our approach performs favorably to conventional data selection. We analyze the results to show the effectiveness of our approach in finding the most relevant subset of utterances for improving the speech recognizer on the target accent.
INTESTINAL TRIGLYCERIDE ABSORPTION IN THE RAT : An Electron Microscopical Study

This report provides information on the morphology of fat absorption in rat intestinal epithelial cells. Three types of experiments were performed: (a) intubation of corn oil into fasted rats, (b) injection of physiological fatty-chyme prepared from fat-fed donor rats into ligated segments of jejunum of fasted animals, and (c) administration of electron-opaque particles in corn oil and markers given concurrently with the fat. These results support the hypothesis that fat is absorbed by selective diffusion of monoglycerides and fatty acids from micelles rather than by pinocytosis of unhydrolized triglycerides. Evidence is presented that the pits between the microvilli, previously believed to function in the transport of fat, are not involved in this process. Instead they appear to contribute their contents to lysosomes in the apical cytoplasm. Arguments are offered that the monoglycerides and fatty acids diffuse from the micelle while the latter is associated with the microvillous membrane of the absorptive cell. These micellar components penetrate the plasma membrane and diffuse into the cytoplasmic matrix where they encounter the SER. Triglyceride synthesis occurs in the SER and results in the deposition of fat droplets within its lumina. The synthesis of triglycerides and their sequestration into the SER establishes an inward diffusion gradient of monoglycerides and fatty acids.
Taxes and subsidies in a polluting and politically powerful industry

Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of political pressure on taxes and subsidies in a polluting industry. Two innovations are offered: (a) The model of the analysis is simple; it is based on profit maximization, the participation constraint, and that politicians are willingly influenced. No additional structure is assumed. (b) It is shown that the conventional conclusion that, as pollution controls, taxes and subsidies are equivalent, does not hold in the presence of political pressure—both in short-run and in the long-run. In addition, production is generally not efficient in a political equilibrium and costs are not minimized.
Conversion of cellobiose and xylose to ethanol by immobilized growing cells of Clostridium saccharolyticum on charcoal support

An immobilization technique has been developed for the conversion of both cellobiose and xylose to ethanol, which may be considered as one stage of a process for the conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol. Relatively inexpensive charcoal was used as a support material, with 23 mg dry weight of Clostridium saccharolyticum cells per g dry weight of support. Tests were run for 170 h at 0.15 1/h dilution rate. From a 3% (w/v) sugar mixture, 0.7% (w/v) ethanol was obtained with over 97% cellobiose and 62% xylose utilization.
Utilizing NaCl to increase the porosity of electrospun materials

Abstract Electrospinning has emerged as a popular method for creating scaffolding materials used in tissue engineering applications to repair or replace damaged tissues. To become a viable scaffold material, however, pore sizes in electrospun materials must be increased to improve cell infiltration. Deposition of NaCl crystals during electrospinning was utilized to help overcome this obstacle. The NaCl crystals are released above the rotating collection mandrel and become incorporated into the poly( l -lactide) electrospun material. The NaCl then leaches out of the electrospun material creating larger pores: average pore diameter of 48.7 µm for PLLA-NaCl electrospinning versus 5.5 µm for PLLA alone electrospinning. Electrospun PLLA scaffolds with NaCl pores have a lower elastic modulus (8.05 MPa) and yield stress (349 kPa) and a higher yield strain (0.04) compared to their traditional counterparts (40.36 MPa, 676 kPa, and 0.0188). Decreased elastic modulus and yield stress would be beneficial to tissue engineering of elastic tissues including skin. The presence of NaCl pores did not significantly affect the cellular proliferation of MC3T3 cells but did allow for cell infiltration into the electrospun material. Therefore, the creation of large pores through NaCl leaching can significantly improve the performance of electrospun materials for tissue engineering applications by improving cellular infiltration.
The use of Xenopus oocytes to probe synaptic communication

Abstract The dissection of an organ as complex as the mammalian central nervous system will require that its many components be characterized in simpler and more accessible environments. Along these lines, it would appear that at least for the purpose of analysing the structure and function of membrane proteins that regulate neuronal membrane conductances, a surrogate expression system is at hand. Recent studies have shown that the injection of mRNA isolated from electrically excitable tissues into Xenopus oocytes results in the functional expression of many neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-gated ion channels. In addition, Xenopus oocytes provide an excellent assay system for the initial isolation of cDNAs encoding these important molecules.
Understanding nature‐related behaviors among children through a theory of reasoned action approach

The Theory of Reasoned Action has proven to be a valuable tool for predicting and understanding behavior and, as such, provides a potentially important basis for environmental education program design. This study used a Theory of Reasoned Action approach to examine a unique type of behavior (nature‐related activities) and a unique population (early adolescents). Participants (n = 164, ages 9–14) reported their attitudes, subjective norms, age, gender, behavioral intentions, and behaviors in a written questionnaire. Results showed mild success in accounting for children's nature‐related behaviors and intentions (R 2=.05 to .33). In general, the ability to predict intentions was greater than the ability to explain actual behaviors. Findings suggest that environmental educators should focus on attitudes when the goal is to achieve behavior change. Future research should compare a Theory of Reasoned Action approach with several alternative frameworks for explaining children's nature‐related behaviors, and inv...
Oncocytic and apocrine epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma: novel variants of a challenging tumor.

Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCa) is a rare but well characterized biphasic salivary gland malignancy with several variant morphologies. Oncocytic and apocrine EMCa are uncommon variants that constitute up to 8 % of all EMCa. Both variants invoke an eosinophilic or oncocytic differential diagnosis and challenge the traditional requirement of clear myoepithelial cells for EMCa. Oncocytic EMCa occurs in patients a decade older than conventional EMCa. This variant is often papillary with calcification and associated with sebaceous components and occurs in older individuals. Apocrine EMCa is named for its apocrine ductal component, which may be mistaken for salivary duct carcinoma. In this variant, the epithelial component often shows overgrowth in a cribriform or even solid pattern and is immunophenotypically defined by androgen receptor and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 positivity. The most important aspect of differentiating both oncocytic and apocrine EMCa from other salivary oncocytic tumors is recognition of the biphasic nature of these variants and confirmation that the abluminal outer layer consists of plump, ‘activated’ myoepithelial cells, regardless of tinctorial characteristics. Both oncocytic and apocrine EMCa behave very indolently in the limited literature to date.
Haemocytes of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, during larval development and diapause.

Abstract Seven types of haemocytes were observed in the last larval instar of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders): prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular haemocytes, spherule cells, adipohaemocytes, oenocytoids, and podocytes. Total and differential haemocyte counts made from diapausing and non-diapausing larvae showed that during diapause there was a significant reduction in the numbers of all haemocyte types. Upon termination of diapause, the haemocyte level increased. There were no significant differences in the level of haemocytes in the pharate pupae that developed from diapause or non-diapause type larvae, except in the case of adipohaemocytes, which were three times as prevalent in pharate pupae from diapausing larvae. Functional aspects of various types of haemocytes are discussed, and it is suggested that the lower haemocyte level observed during diapause is the result of lower metabolic activity.
The Experience of Giftedness: A Concept Map

Gifted students' written responses to a phenomenological probe (i.e., "What is it like to be gifted?") were qualitatively reduced to a set of exhaustive and representative items. Students then performed free card sorts on these items, which they also rated for application to them. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis of students' sorts suggest positive and negative elements of the experience of giftedness along internal and interpersonal dimensions. We conclude with implications of our findings for research and teaching with gifted adolescents.
The reactions of thiomethoxymethyl hexachloroantimonate with potassium t-butoxide and other bases

Abstract The major product isolated from the treatment of thiomethoxymethyl hexachloroantimonate (II) with potassium t-butoxide is 3,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxathiolanium hexachloroantimonate (V). Experiments designed to elucidate the mechanism of this process are described along with the reactions of II with some other representative nucleophiles.
Aspects of quenched chiral perturbation theory for matter fields

Three topics about the application of quenched chiral perturbation theory to matter fields are studied. It is proved that the hairpin axial current couplings in quenched chiral perturbation theories do not contribute to the quenched chiral singularities for one chiral loop renormalization of matter field properties. The modification of mass corrections in the chiral limit due to nonzero mass splittings are studied, and selection rules for hadron decays in quenched QCD are obtained.
Genesis A and the Anglo-Saxon ‘migration myth’

In his study of Migration and Mythmaking in Anglo-Saxon England, Nicholas Howe has argued that the Anglo-Saxons regarded the ancestral migration from the Continent as ‘the founding and defining event of their culture’. He suggests that the adventus Saxonum gave the Germanic tribes in England a shared identity, and proved central to their historical, cultural and even theological self-definition. Howe investigates what he calls the Anglo-Saxon ‘migration myth’, which links the Germanic tribal migration to England with the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt, both being transmarine journeys from a land of spiritual bondage to one of spiritual salvation. Migration and Mythmaking in Anglo-Saxon England traces the development of this concept from Bede's Historia ecclesiastica to Wulfstan's Sermo Lupi, and discusses its function in the writings of Alcuin and Boniface, as well as in Old English poetry. Howe's elegant analysis succeeds in demonstrating the pervasiveness of migration as a cultural myth, that is, a story that endures in a people's memory because it speaks powerfully to their collective imagination.
Solving the incomplete markets model with aggregate uncertainty using the Krusell–Smith algorithm and non-stochastic simulations

Abstract This article describes the approach to computing the version of the stochastic growth model with idiosyncratic and aggregate risk that relies on collapsing the aggregate state space down to a small number of moments used to forecast future prices. One innovation relative to most of the literature is the use of a non-stochastic simulation routine.
Clinical spectrum of pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents: A report of sixteen patients

Pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents is probably increasing. During a 1-year period, 16 patients were diagnosed and treated for pharyngeal gonorrhea. This was the result of a search among a high-risk group, consisting of victims of sex abuse, patients suspected of homosexual practices, and adolescents with symptoms or signs suggestive of sexually transmitted diseases. Of the 16 positive throat cultures, 75% represented pharyngeal colonization while only 25% had clinical symptoms. Pharyngeal gonorrhea was found to be a marker in screening for psychosocial pathology, leading in two-thirds of the cases to the discovery of instances of incest, sexual abuse, chaotic family situations, or severe depression, all of which had been previously denied, ignored, or neglected. The purpose of this article is to alert health care providers to the clinical spectrum of pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents.
The Unintended Consequences of a Standardized Knowledge Base in Advancing Educational Leadership Preparation

Background: The quest for a “knowledge base” in educational administration resulting in the construction of national standards for preparing school leaders has brought with it an unexpected downside.Purpose: It is argued that instead of raising the bar for preparing educational leaders, the standards have lowered them, first by embracing only a limited set of the actual responsibilities of school leaders, resulting in programmatic reductionism, and permitting the licensing of school leaders at sites outside the purview of the university, by definition a form of deprofessionalization. The standards also assume the existence of a static knowledge base tied to a static social system. Current skill sets contained in the standards are in their essence antichange and antidemocratic. Conclusions: The major assumption that must be questioned is the notion or requirement of a stable knowledge base that is a political necessity in accreditation and licensing practices but the hallmark of a dead field of studies emp...
Effect of level of feeding on growth, reproductive performance and milk production of beef females

Fifty-nine Aberdeen Angus females, each weighing about 190 kg and 7 months old, were randomly assigned to five levels of feed intake (140, 100, 80, 60 and 40% of the recommended allowance for total digestible nutrients). Two groups of females were assigned to the 60% level, one of which was raised to the 100% level 45 days prepartum. All females except those fed at the 140% level were raised to the 100% level at parturition until 150 days postpartum and then returned to prepartum levels. The females were removed from the experiment at their first estrus after the second calving. Females (nine in this group) fed at the 40% level of feed intake ceased to cycle before their first breeding date and had to be raised to the 100% level until estrual cycles were reestablished. Raising feed intake levels 45 days prepartum increased average daily gain (1.24 vs 0.16 kg, P < 0.01) of the females but had no significant influence on calf birth weight, calf mortality, milk yield, average daily gain of calves, time to postpartum estrus and conception or conception rate. Both groups of females fed the 60% level of feed intake and those fed the 40% level gained faster (0.28 vs 0.02 kg daily, P < 0.01) during lactation but weighed less (290 vs 423 kg, P < 0.01) and gave less milk (2.8 vs 3.4 kg, P < 0.01) than females fed the other levels. Although postpartum estrus and conception were delayed slightly, none of the females fed the 60 and 40% levels ceased to cycle after calving. Females fed the 140% level of feed intake became extremely fat and their milk production was similar to that of the other groups, but calf mortality was higher. Raising levels of feed intake postpartum increased gains and reproductive performance of females on levels below recommended allowances, but increasing either feed intake 45 days prepartum or feed intake levels above recommended allowances had no measurable benefit.
Multiphoton ionization of rare gases using multichannel-quantum-defect theory.

We apply multichannel-quantum-defect theory (MQDT) to multiphoton ionization of rare gases in lowest-order perturbation theory. We determine MQDT parameters of J = 1,3 odd-parity states, J = 0,2 even-parity states in xenon and krypton by fitting experimental energy levels and constructing Lu-Fano plots. We present calculations of two- and three-photon ionization of xenon and krypton in the autoionization region between the two thresholds. We compare autoionization spectra and also photoelectron angular distributions to experimental data (S. T. Pratt, P. M. Dehmer, and J. L. Dehmer, Phys. Rev. A 35, 3793 (1986); J. L. Dehmer, S. T. Pratt, and P. M. Dehmer, ibid. $fat 36: , 4494 (1987)). Agreement between theory and experiment is reasonable, especially for krypton.
Risks of genetically engineered crops.

Steven H. Strauss's general concept that the inherent riskiness of a genetically engineered (GE) crop should determine the extent of regulation (“Genomics, genetic engineering, and domestication of crops,” Policy Forum, 4 Apr., p. 61) makes sense in principle. The bigger issue is that the
Occlusal Classification in Relation to Original Cleft Width in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: To determine a correlation between the width of the cleft palate measured at the time of lip adhesion, definitive lip repair, and palatoplasty and the subsequent occlusal classification of patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design: Retrospective, observational study. Setting: Referral, urban, children's hospital Participants: Dental models and records of 270 patients were analyzed. Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measure: Angle occlusion classification. Results: The mean age at which occlusal classification was determined was 11 ± 0.3 years. Of the children studies, 84 were diagnosed with Class I or II occlusion, 67 were diagnosed with Class III occlusion, and 119 were lost to follow up or transferred care. Mean cleft widths were significantly larger in subjects with Class III occlusion for all measures at time of lip adhesion and definitive lip repair (P < .02). At time of palatoplasty, cleft widths were significantly greater at the alveolus (P = .025) but not at the midport...
Oligopsonistic Intermediate Input and Patterns of Trade

We examine the validities of traditional trade theorems and patterns of trade for an economy with an oligopsonistic intermediate input. Specifically, the model consists of two final goods. one intermediate good, and two primary factors. One final good and the intermediate good are produced using primary factors, capital and labor. The second final good is produced using the intermediate good and labor. All markets operate under perfect competition except the intermediate good market, which is oligopsonistic. This model reflects the real world phenomena of oligopsony power excerted by some industries (e.g., the food processing industry) in the intermediate good purchases. Our analysis shows that some of the traditional trade theorems and H.O trade pattern may be overturned if the factor intensity of the competitive sector lies between those of oligopsony and intermediate good sectors. [F12]
Enhanced tensile performance of epoxy and E-glass/epoxy composites by randomly-oriented amino-functionalized MWCNTs at low contents

Effect of amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-MWCNTs) on the tensile performance of epoxy and E-glass/epoxy composites was investigated. Low weight percentages (0.3 and 0.4 wt%)...
Stability of Hercynite at High Temperatures

The free energy of formation of the spinel FeAl2O4 from its constituent oxides has been determined in the temperature range 1550° to 1700°C. The method used involved determination of the gas ratio PaiO/pH2 in equilibrium with liquid iron, corundum, and hercynite and previously published data on the same gas equilibrium with liquid iron and FeO. The values of AF° at 1550° and 1700°C. are respectively -3690 and –3490 cal. per mole.
Assessment technique for computer-aided manufactured sockets

An assessment strategy is presented for testing the quality of carving and forming of individual computer aided manufacturing facilities. The strategy is potentially useful to facilities making sockets and companies marketing manufacturing equipment. To execute the strategy, an evaluator fabricates a collection of test models and sockets using the manufacturing suite under evaluation, and then measures their shapes using scanning equipment. Overall socket quality is assessed by comparing socket shapes with electronic file shapes. Then model shapes are compared with electronic file shapes to characterize carving performance. Socket shapes are compared with model shapes to characterize forming performance. The mean radial error (MRE), which is the average difference in radii between the two shapes being compared, provides insight into sizing quality. Inter-quartile range (IQR), the range of radial error for the best matched half of the points on the surfaces being compared, provides insight into shape quality. By determining MRE and IQR for carving and forming separately, the source(s) of socket shape error may be pinpointed. The developed strategy may provide a useful tool to the prosthetics community and industry to help identify problems and limitations in computer aided manufacturing and insight into appropriate modifications to overcome them.