cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Level Set Methods and Dynamic Implicit Surfaces

This book is an introduction to level set methods and dynamic implicit surfaces. These are powerful techniques for analyzing and computing moving fronts in a variety of different settings. While it gives many examples of the utility of the methods to a diverse set of applications, it also gives complete numerical analysis and recipes, which will enable users to quickly apply the techniques to real problems. The book begins with a description of implicit surfaces and their basic properties, then devises the level set geometry and calculus toolbox, including the construction of signed distance functions. Part II adds dynamics to this static calculus. Topics include the level set equation itself, Hamilton-Jacobi equations, motion of a surface normal to itself, re-initialization to a signed distance function, extrapolation in the normal direction, the particle level set method and the motion of co-dimension two (and higher) objects. Part III is concerned with topics taken from the fields of Image Processing and Computer Vision. These include the restoration of images degraded by noise and blur, image segmentation with active contours (snakes), and reconstruction of surfaces from unorganized data points. Part IV is dedicated to Computational Physics. It begins with one phase compressible fluid dynamics, then two-phase compressible flow involving possibly different equations of state, detonation and deflagration waves, and solid/fluid structure interaction. Next it discusses incompressible fluid dynamics, including a computer graphics simulation of smoke, free surface flows, including a computer graphics simulation of water, and fully two-phase incompressible flow. Additional related topics include incompressible flames with applications to computer graphics and coupling a compressible and incompressible fluid. Finally, heat flow and Stefan problems are discussed. A student or researcher working in mathematics, computer graphics, science, or engineering interested in any dynamic moving front, which might change its topology or develop singularities, will find this book interesting and useful.
Cannabidiol Inhibits Growth and Induces Programmed Cell Death in Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus-Infected Endothelium:

Kaposi sarcoma is the most common neoplasm caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). It is prevalent among the elderly in the Mediterranean, inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa, and immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients and AIDS patients. Current treatments for Kaposi sarcoma can inhibit tumor growth but are not able to eliminate KSHV from the host. When the host's immune system weakens, KSHV begins to replicate again, and active tumor growth ensues. New therapeutic approaches are needed. Cannabidiol (CBD), a plant-derived cannabinoid, exhibits promising antitumor effects without inducing psychoactive side effects. CBD is emerging as a novel therapeutic for various disorders, including cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of CBD both on the infection of endothelial cells (ECs) by KSHV and on the growth and apoptosis of KSHV-infected ECs, an in vitro model for the transformation of normal endothelium to Kaposi sarcoma. While CBD did not affect the efficiency with which KSHV infected ECs, it reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in those infected by the virus. CBD inhibited the expression of KSHV viral G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR), its agonist, the chemokine growth-regulated protein α (GRO-α), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), and the VEGFR-3 ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). This suggests a potential mechanism by which CBD exerts its effects on KSHV-infected endothelium and supports the further examination of CBD as a novel targeted agent for the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma.
BIOLOGY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CHERRY SCALLOP SHELL MOTH, HYDRIA PRUNIVORATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), IN NEW YORK

The cherry scallop shell moth, Hydria prunivorata (Ferguson), is a colonial feeder on black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh. Pupae overwinter in the litter and adult emergence occurs from May through September. Eggs are laid on the foliage in pyramidal-shaped masses 23–26 days after adult emergence. Eggs begin to hatch 4 days following oviposition and each of the four larval stages lasts 4–6 days. There is one generation per year in New York. The egg parasite Telenomus sp. is the principal mortality factor occurring in populations that have remained at outbreak levels for 2 or more years. The life stages of H. prunivorata are described and control recommendations discussed. The peach bark beetle, Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris), may kill black cherry trees that are stressed by heavy defoliation.
Microscopic study of electrical transport through single molecules with metallic contacts: Organic molecules and finite carbon nanotube

We present microscopic study of electronic and transport properties of single molecules sandwiched between two metallic contacts using Green’s function based modeling approach within both ab initio and self-consistent semi-empirical framework. The methods are applied to thiol-based organic molecules and finite-size single-wall carbon nanotubes respectively. Results on electrostatics, transmission and current-voltage characteristics are presented.
An ODE Comparison Theorem With Application in the Optimal Exit Time Control Problem

The optimal exit time control (OETC) problem tries to find the feedback control law with a reasonable cost that can keep the system state inside a certain subset of the state space, called the safe set, for the longest time under random perturbations. The symmetry property of its solutions has been proved previously when the state dimension is higher than one. In this note, a comparison theorem is established that compares the solutions to two ODEs arising in the 1-D OETC problem. The symmetry of solutions to the 1-D OETC problem is proved using this comparison theorem. An example is presented to show how the symmetry result can help to solve the OETC problem analytically in certain cases.
The automated cockpit: A comparison of attitudes towards human and automated pilots

Automation is being used extensively in aviation, particularly in the aircrafts themselves. The airline industry benefits from automation because it often increases efficiency and performance. To date, automation research has focused largely on operator trust and reliance, while largely ignoring the role of affect and trust in shaping the attitudes of the novice consumer. In two studies, we found that participants rated a human pilot more favorably than an auto-pilot. However, attitudes toward the automated pilot were more favorable in a high priced compared to a low priced ticket condition, indicating that participants used price to infer quality. In Study 2, inducing positive affect increased ratings of an automated pilot. Path analyses provided additional evidence that perceptions of automation are largely influenced by feelings.
Prospection and the brain

Suddendorf & Corballis (S&C) propose that the capacity to flexibly forsee the future was a critical step in human evolution and is accomplished by a set of component processes that can be likened to a theater production. Understanding the brain-bases of these functions may help to clarify the hypothesized component processes, inform us of how and when they are used adaptively, and also provide empirical ways of exploring to what degree these abilities exist and are implemented similarly (or differently) across species.
SU-FF-J-12: A Phantom Study to Compare 2D Electronic Portal Imaging with 3D KV Cone-Beam Imaging

Purpose: To compare patient positioning using a 2D Electronic Portal Imaging Device(EPID) with a 3D registration technique that uses a kV Cone Beam (CB) device. Introduction: The Elekta kV CB device represents a significant advancement in on‐line imaging for patient positioning and structure delineation. There exists an obvious interest in studying the robustness of this new technology. The phantom‐based study reported here compares the cone‐beam imaging capability with conventional EPID 2D imaging and registration. Additionally, a technique was developed to generate digitally reconstructed portal images (DRPIs) from the CBCT and compare them to EPIDimages.Materials and Methods: A Rando anthropomorphic phantom had surgical screws placed in the pelvic region. A treatment isocenter was selected in the pelvic region of the CT dataset of the phantom. The phantom was initially positioned using the CB volume imaging capability. Known shifts of the phantom were introduced and the phantom was repositioned using the CB. The CB corrections were compared to the corrections obtained using the internal fiducials and EPIDimaging. Additionally, the EPID‐based positioning was mimicked by simulating the 2D imaging using the 3D CB data set. The digitally reconstructed images(DRR) were generated from the CBCT set and used as DRPIs. They were compared to both the diagnostic CTDRR's and the EPIDimages.Results: and Conclusion: The CB and EPID shifts were well correlated as determined by linear regression analysis. The correlation between the DRPIs and the EPIDs was even higher using the same analysis. However, on the shift‐by‐shift basis the CB was more accurate than the EPID: it gave more accurate shift determination than the EPID for approximately 90% test shifts. The DRPIs had the advantage over the CB 2Dimages because they included the treatment isocenter, field edges and distance scale.
Inpatient dermatology consultation aids diagnosis of cellulitis among hospitalized patients: A multi-institutional analysis

Background Given its nonspecific physical examination findings, accurately distinguishing cellulitis from a cellulitis mimicker (pseudocellulitis) is challenging. Objective We sought to investigate the national incidence of cellulitis misdiagnosis among inpatients. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of inpatient dermatology consultations at Massachusetts General Hospital, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, and University of California San Francisco Medical Center in 2008. All consults requested for the evaluation of cellulitis were included. The primary outcomes were determining the incidence of cellulitis misdiagnosis, evaluating the prevalence of associated risk factors, and identifying common pseudocellulitides. Results Of the 1430 inpatient dermatology consultations conducted in 2008, 74 (5.17%) were requested for the evaluation of cellulitis. In all, 55 (74.32%) patients evaluated for cellulitis were given a diagnosis of pseudocellulitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of misdiagnosis across institutions ( P = .12). Patient demographics and associated risk factor prevalence did not statistically vary in patients given a diagnosis of cellulitis versus those with pseudocellulitis ( P > .05). Limitations This study was unable to evaluate all patients admitted with cellulitis and was conducted at tertiary care centers, which may affect the generalizability of the results. Conclusions Cellulitis is commonly misdiagnosed in the inpatient setting. Involving dermatologists may improve diagnostic accuracy and decrease unnecessary antibiotic use.
Distance to the Scaling Law: A Useful Approach for Unveiling Relationships between Crime and Urban Metrics

We report on a quantitative analysis of relationships between the number of homicides, population size and ten other urban metrics. By using data from Brazilian cities, we show that well-defined average scaling laws with the population size emerge when investigating the relations between population and number of homicides as well as population and urban metrics. We also show that the fluctuations around the scaling laws are log-normally distributed, which enabled us to model these scaling laws by a stochastic-like equation driven by a multiplicative and log-normally distributed noise. Because of the scaling laws, we argue that it is better to employ logarithms in order to describe the number of homicides in function of the urban metrics via regression analysis. In addition to the regression analysis, we propose an approach to correlate crime and urban metrics via the evaluation of the distance between the actual value of the number of homicides (as well as the value of the urban metrics) and the value that is expected by the scaling law with the population size. This approach has proved to be robust and useful for unveiling relationships/behaviors that were not properly carried out by the regression analysis, such as the non-explanatory potential of the elderly population when the number of homicides is much above or much below the scaling law, the fact that unemployment has explanatory potential only when the number of homicides is considerably larger than the expected by the power law, and a gender difference in number of homicides, where cities with female population below the scaling law are characterized by a number of homicides above the power law.
Transient Reservoir-Aquifer Interaction

The moving boundary problem of the interaction of a reservoir-aquifer system is studied. The nonlinear PDE of Boussinesq is used to describe the transient flow conditions in the semi-infinite, unconfined aquifer. The method of solution involves discretization of only the time derivative to obtain an ODE in space. The resulting ODE is integrated analytically once and the remaining initial value problem is solved numerically. The solution developed is of the similarity type. The cases of sudden drawdown and buildup are considered, and computed dimensionless profiles vs. dimensionless similarity parameter are compared with experimental data, exact-analytical, linear-analytical and numerical solutions for different boundary values. Also analytical relationships for the exchange flows and flow volumes have been derived.
Modeling terrestrial hydrological systems at the continental scale : Testing the accuracy of an atmospheric GCM

Abstract A global hydrological routing algorithm (HYDRA) that simulates seasonal river discharge and changes in surface water level on a spatial resolution of 5′ long × 5′ lat is presented. The model is based on previous work by M. T. Coe and incorporates major improvements from that work including 1) the ability to simulate monthly and seasonal variations in discharge and lake and wetland level, and 2) direct representation of man-made dams and reservoirs. HYDRA requires as input daily or monthly mean averages of runoff, precipitation, and evaporation either from GCM output or observations. As an example of the utility of HYDRA in evaluating GCM simulations, the model is forced with monthly mean estimates of runoff from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis dataset. The simulated river discharge clearly shows that although the NCEP runoff captures the large-scale features of the observed terrestrial hydrology, there are numerous differences in detail from observations. The s...
Biosensing with conically shaped nanopores and nanotubes

In this review we consider recent results from our group that are directed towards developing "smart" synthetic nanopores that can mimic the functions of biological nanopores (transmembrane proteins). We first discuss the preparation and characterization of conical nanopores synthesized using the track-etch process. We then consider the design and function of conical nanopores that can rectify the ionic current that flows through these pores under an applied transmembrane potential. Finally, two types of sensors that we have developed with these conical nanopores are described. The first sensor makes use of molecular recognition elements that are bound to the nanopore mouth to selectively block the nanopore tip, thus detecting the presence of the analyte. The second sensor makes use of conical nanopores in a resistive-pulse type experiment, detecting the analyte via transient blockages in ionic current.
Management of malignant pleural effusion.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) often presents in patients with cancer at an advanced stage and thus carries a poor prognosis. This review updates the current knowledge on the management of MPE, focusing on recent literature about the efficacy and safety of the most common methods, including pleurodesis by either thoracoscopy with talc insufflation or thoracostomy with talc slurry, use of an indwelling pleural catheter, and intrapleural chemotherapy. Talc remains the agent of choice in pleurodesis, although the use of alternative agents continues to be explored. The choice of procedure to achieve pleurodesis depends on careful patient selection based on predictive factors and individual characteristics. Talc pleurodesis is relatively well tolerated and safe, as is an indwelling pleural catheter, in an appropriate patient population. Because MPE is a common problem in cancer patients, future research with more randomized, prospective designs and innovative interventions is needed.
Model for Vortex Ring State Influence on Rotorcraft Flight Dynamics

The influence of vortex ring state (VRS) on rotorcraft flight dynamics is investigated, specifically the vertical velocity drop of helicopters and the roll-off of tiltrotors encountering VRS. The available wind tunnel and flight test data for rotors in vortex ring state are reviewed. Test data for axial flow, nonaxial flow, two rotors, unsteadiness, and vortex ring state boundaries are described and discussed. Based on the available measured data, a VRS model is developed. The VRS model is a parametric extension of momentum theory for calculation of the mean inflow of a rotor, hence suitable for simple calculations and real-time simulations. This inflow model is primarily defined in terms of the stability boundary of the aircraft motion. Calculations of helicopter response during VRS encounter were performed, and good correlation is shown with the vertical velocity drop measured in flight tests. Calculations of tiltrotor response during VRS encounter were performed, showing the roll-off behavior characteristic of tiltrotors. Hence it is possible, using a model of the mean inflow of an isolated rotor, to explain the basic behavior of both helicopters and tiltrotors in vortex ring state.
Approximate Robust Policy Iteration for Discounted Infinite-Horizon Markov Decision Processes with Uncertain Stationary Parametric Transition Matrices

We consider Markov decision processes with finite states, finite actions, and discounted infinite-horizon cost in the deterministic policy space. State transition matrices are uncertain but with stationary parameterization. The uncertainty in transition matrices signifies realistic considerations that an accurate system model is not available for the controller design due to limitations in estimation methods and model deficiencies. Based on the quadratic total value function formulation, two approximate robust policy iterations are developed, the performance errors of which are guaranteed to be within an arbitrarily small error bound. The two approximations make use of iterative aggregation and multilayer perceptron, respectively. It is proved that the robust policy iteration based on approximation with iterative aggregation converges surely to a stationary optimal or near-optimal policy, and also that under some conditions the robust policy iteration based on approximation with multilayer perceptron converges in a probability sense to a stationary near-optimal policy. Furthermore, under some assumptions, the stationary solutions are guaranteed to be near-optimal in the deterministic policy space.
Global Warming in California: A Lesson from the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (A.D. 800–1350)

Global Warming in California: A Lesson from the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (A.D. 800–1350) Al W. Schwitalla 2013. Center for Archaeological Research at Davis, No. 17, Davis, California. xviii + 226 ...
"Streams of Influence" in Student Affairs: A Renewed Emphasis on Leadership Education.

This case study presents an overview of the development of a new Office for Leadership Programs at Villanova University, housed under the Office of Student Development. Adapting Kingdon’s (1984) public policy model to the creation of new initiatives in student affairs, this article offers a conceptual framework for the design of new student affairs initiatives and a practical template for creating a sustainable, student-centered, and mission-driven center for undergraduate student leadership programs.
Robotic Anterior Pelvic Exenteration for Bladder Cancer in Patient With Previous Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation.

Introduction To demonstrate the feasibility of robotic anterior pelvic exenteration with intracoporeal ileal conduit for bladder cancer in a patient with previous kidney–pancreas transplantation. Technical Considerations Technical considerations included avoiding injury to transplant graft, minimizing devascularization of transplant ureter, intracorporeal mobilization of bowel with pancreas graft, and positioning of ileal conduit. Surgical approach required multidisciplinary approach for surgical planning and medical management. Conclusion The patient's preoperative serum creatinine was 1.22 ng/mL and was unchanged at 1.21 ng/mL 1 month following surgery. Total robotic console time was 4 hours and 21 minutes and estimated blood loss is 30 cc. There were no intraoperative complications. Final pathology demonstrated pT1N0 high-grade multifocal micropappilary urothelial cell carcinoma with carcinoma in situ, and all surgical margins were negative. Robotic anterior pelvic exenteration with intracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer in patient with previous kidney–pancreas transplantation is a challenging but a feasible surgical technique that requires a multidisciplinary team and a low threshold to convert to open surgery.
The Steroidogenic Response of Large and Small Luteal Cells to Dibutyryl cAMP and 25-OH-Cholesterol

The mammalian corpus luteum consists of two major types of steroidogenic cells based upon size and histological characteristics. In this study, large (>22µ) and small (12–21 |i) luteal cells from day 8 pregnant rats were separated by elutriation after enzyme dissociation. Aliquots of cells were incubated for 4 h at 37°C in Medium 199 (control), medium plus dibutyryl cAMP (cAMP) at 0.5 mM or 5 mM, or medium plus 10 (µg/ml 25-OH-cholesterol. Production of progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Both cell types showed an increase in progesterone and estradiol synthesis when incubated with cAMP; however, the large luteal cells responded to a tenfold lower dose (0.5 mM) of cAMP than did the small cells which required 5 mM for stimulation. CAMP (5 mM) also resulted in an increase of testosterone release from small luteal cells. Progesterone synthesis was enhanced by 25-OH-cholesterol in the large luteal cells. These results suggest that the two cell types differ functionally with respect to steroidogenesis during pregnancy, and that the large luteal cells may be a major source of progesterone production.
Modeling and simulation challenges pursued by the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL)

The Consortium for the Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL), the first Energy Innovation Hub of the Department of Energy, was established in 2010 with the goal of providing modeling and simulation (M&S) capabilities that support and accelerate the improvement of nuclear energy's economic competitiveness and the reduction of spent nuclear fuel volume per unit energy, and all while assuring nuclear safety. To accomplish this requires advances in M&S capabilities in radiation transport, thermal-hydraulics, fuel performance and corrosion chemistry. To focus CASL's R&D, industry challenge problems have been defined, which equate with long standing issues of the nuclear power industry that M&S can assist in addressing. To date CASL has developed a multi-physics "core simulator" based upon pin-resolved radiation transport and subchannel (within fuel assembly) thermal-hydraulics, capitalizing on the capabilities of high performance computing. CASL's fuel performance M&S capability can also be optionally integrated into the core simulator, yielding a coupled multi-physics capability with untapped predictive potential. Material models have been developed to enhance predictive capabilities of fuel clad creep and growth, along with deeper understanding of zirconium alloy clad oxidation and hydrogen pickup. Understanding of corrosion chemistry (e.g., CRUD formation) has evolved at all scales: micro, meso and macro. CFD R&D has focused on improvement in closure models for subcooled boiling and bubbly flow, and the formulation of robust numerical solution algorithms. For multiphysics integration, several iterative acceleration methods have been assessed, illuminating areas where further research is needed. Finally, uncertainty quantification and data assimilation techniques, based upon sampling approaches, have been made more feasible for practicing nuclear engineers via R&D on dimensional reduction and biased sampling. Industry adoption of CASL's evolving M&S capabilities, which is in progress, will assist in addressing long-standing and future operational and safety challenges of the nuclear industry. Complexity of physics based modeling of light water reactor cores being addressed.Capability developed to help address problems that have challenged the nuclear power industry.Simulation capabilities that take advantage of high performance computing developed.
Learning movement patterns of the occupant in smart home environments: an unsupervised learning approach

In recent years, the concept of smart homes and smart buildings have gradually emerged as mainstream with the development of sensor technology and the introduction of several commercial solutions. As one of the most important aspect of this technical-driven smart home system, learning and recognizing the occupant’s routine activities and movement patterns is the foundation of further human behavior understanding and prediction process. In this paper, we propose a decomposition based unsupervised learning approach, which is able to learn the occupant’s moving patterns directly from the sensor data without event annotations. It overcomes the limitation suffered by a lot of other supervised learning approaches that sensor data sets with event annotations are not difficult to collect since manually data labeling is not scalable and extremely time consuming. By applying the proposed method on Aruba motion sensor data set, we show that the decomposition based pattern learning method leverages the well-developed Non-negative Matrix Factorization algorithm that it can learn the movement pattern candidates of the occupant very fast, with outputs that can be easily interpreted.
Incumbency advantage in multi-member districts: Evidence from congressional elections in Chile ☆

Do parties enjoy an advantage to incumbency in multi-member districts? In this paper we answer this question by adapting a regression-discontinuity design to multi-member districts in congressional elections in Chile. The electoral system in place generates discontinuities in the number of elected representatives from each coalition at the 1/3 and 2/3 thresholds of the two-party vote share. Regression-discontinuity estimates indicate that, by holding two seats as opposed to holding only one, the left-leaning coalition obtains an extra 4.5% vote share in the next election and increases by 28 percentage points the probability of electing two candidates again. These results are in line with those obtained in previous studies in the U.S. but contrast with results obtained in developing countries which find a negative advantage to incumbency.
Effects of the Feeding Inhibitor Plictran and Low Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Doses on Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Implications for Cotesia melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Laboratory tests with the acaricide Plictran (tricyclohexylhydroxystannane), suggest that this gypsy moth feeding deterrent, like Bacillus thuringiensis, has minimal direct effects on larval survival, adult longevity, and progeny production of the parasite, Cotesia melanoscelus. Plictran and very low doses of B. thuringiensis (down to 1/25 the recommended dose) sprayed on apple trees did not significantly reduce gypsy moth numbers but did retard caterpillar development. Thus these materials should increase parasitization by C. melanoscelus in the field because they increase the length of time the parasite, which attacks only small hosts successfully, can parasitize caterpillars.
Partners in Learning: Exploring Two Transformative University and High School Service-Learning Partnerships

This study describes a service-learning partnership between a Mid-Atlantic university and two private, urban high schools by examining the perspectives of those engaged in the service experience. T...
327 FENOLDOPAM PROTECTS HUMAN RENAL TUBULAR CELLS AGAINST COLD-STORAGE INJURY THROUGH AN HO-1 MECHANISM: STUDIES UTILIZING HO-1 siRNA

We have demonstrated that infusion of donor rats with fenoldopam, a dopaminergic compound that maintains renal blood flow without increasing blood pressure, induces HO-1 expression and protects kidneys against cold-storage injury when transplanted. Since fenoldopam has vascular and other cellular effects, whether the protection is mediated through HO-1 remains uncertain. To test this, renal tubular (RPTE) cells were preincubated with fenoldopam (0-80 μg/mL) for 18 hours and subjected to 4°C cold storage for 24 hours. Fenoldopam significantly reduced cold-storage injury (e.g., % LDH release, mean ± SE, 53.4 ± 1.3 cold control vs. 16.2 ± 0.5 and 2.2 ± 0.2 for 10 and 80 μg/mL fenoldopam respectively (n = 3; p
Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck: a case presentation and review of the literature.

Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck is a rare vascular neoplasm. When it does occur, it is most common in elderly white men. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for local control of this aggressive tumor, but recognition can be delayed because of its rarity or because of difficulty in making a pathologic diagnosis. A combined- modality treatment approach is most often advocated. We report the case of a 77-year-old black man who presented with a 1-month history of two painless, violaceous, sub- centimeter nodules of the upper lip. After a diagnosis of low-grade angiosarcoma was definitively established, the lesions were locally excised with good cosmetic and functional results. The patient subsequently was found to have probable metastatic disease, but he declined further intervention. We review the literature on cutaneous angio- sarcoma, and we discuss its epidemiology, presentation, tissue diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in an effort to increase awareness of this rare malignancy.
Superhydrophobic Coatings with Edible Materials

We used FDA-approved, edible materials to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings in a simple, low cost, scalable, single step process. Our coatings display high contact angles and low roll off angles for a variety of liquid products consumed daily and facilitate easy removal of liquids from food containers with virtually no residue. Even at high concentrations, our coatings are nontoxic, as shown using toxicity tests.
Forecasting 2011 Using U.S. Precedents: A Simple Analysis of Equity Market Performance

In an effort to provide a set of reasonable expectations for stock market performance during 2011, we present results of two simple econometric exercises. Our starting point is the recent trough of economic activity which took place in June of 2009, according to the NBER. This means 2011 constitutes months 19 through 30 of the current economic recovery. Our first exercise considers how two major stock indices (the SP i.e., from months 19 through 30 following economic troughs as depicted by the National Bureau of Economic Research. We use past performance to motivate a very simple univariate regression analysis, providing us with a point estimate for 2011 performance of the DJIA and the S&P500. Second, we examine the two most recent business cycles - with troughs in March of 1991 and of November, 2001 - to consider their limited information content regarding how various sectors (defined as two-digit SIC codes) performed in the past. We conclude the paper with suggestions for further research.
Abstract 4441: Non-pathogenic bacteria change host DNA methylationin vivo

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Introduction: More than a thousand species of bacteria live in a normal person's gastrointestinal tract. Epigenetic effects on the colon directly caused by the commensal bacteria remain elusive. In the current study, we explore the bacterial effects on DNA methylation of the host colon. Methods: Eight non-pathogenic bacterial species were introduced to the gut of germ-free (GF) mice to make specific-pathogen free (SPF) mice. Our study consisted of the following groups (n = 6 for each): wildtype (WT) GF, WT SPF, IL-10 knockout (KO) GF, IL-10 KO SPF, and IL-10 KO GF or SPF treated with azoxymethane (AOM). We analyzed DNA methylation in genomic DNA extracted from the proximal colon using Digital Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Methylation (DREAM) and compared methylation levels at CpG sites among different groups. Results: 1) Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on methylomes of all the samples separated the mouse samples based on presence or absence of bacteria, IL-10 KO status or AOM treatment into 6 distinct groups. 2) We analyzed CpG sites differentially methylated between GF and SPF mice at p<0.05 significance level. In WT mice, there were 1871 CpG sites (11% out of 17475 analyzed sites), in IL10 KO mice, there were 5986 CpG sites (33% out of 18254 analyzed sites) and in IL10 KO AOM-treated mice there were 6755 CpG sites (31% out of 21697 analyzed sites) differentially methylated. 3) There were 756 common CpG sites differentially methylated in all SPF vs GF comparisons. Interestingly, these sites were enriched 2.6-fold for aging-related CpG sites. 4) WT SPF mice showed increased methylation at CpG sites hypomethylated in WT GF mice and, conversely, decreased methylation at CpG sites hypermethylated in WT GF mice. This pattern of DNA methylation change was also observed by comparing GF with SPF in IL-10 KO mice with or without AOM treatment. 5) Both in GF and SPF mice the DNA methylation changes were more pronounced in IL10 KO while AOM had little additional effect. 6) IL10 KO resulted in genome-wide increase of methylation. However, the introduction of bacteria in SPF mice resulted in the methylation change mainly at CpG islands. Conclusions: Non-pathogenic bacteria introduced in the colon cause methylation gains at CpG sites with low DNA methylation and methylation losses at sites with high DNA methylation in a pattern similar to the changes observed in aging and cancer. Citation Format: Ang Sun, Jaroslav Jelinek, Shinji Maegawa, Christian Jobin, Jean-Pierre Issa. Non-pathogenic bacteria change host DNA methylation in vivo . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4441.
Mimbres Black-on-White, Melamine or Wedgewood? A Ceramic Use-Wear Analysis

A quantitative use-wear analysis was carried out on 124 Mimbres Black-on-white bowls in the collections of the Arizona State Museum. In the course of the study several distinct types of wear patter...
Indignant Hearts of Protest

Drawing upon theories of affect and ‘big rhetoric,’ this chapter proposes a new interdisciplinary vision of what social movements are, why they exist, and how they succeed in attaining momentum over time. Considering an impromptu speech by Wendell Phillips to Bostonians, Lamb-Books observes how dramaturgical status implicatures enliven protest rhetoric with charisma, pathos, and the moral emotions. Status claims and threats fuel the powerful hot cognitions of unfairness so conducive to protest struggles. The recovery of status theory, however, must navigate between two mistakes made in past theories of collective behavior: the voluntaristic overemphasis on affective manipulation by charismatic leaders and the deterministic conflation of status with large reified social structures. Lamb-Books focuses on anger as a unique moral emotion that can be made to play crucial motivational and generative functions in protest.
Microwave Gas Sensor based on Graphene-loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity Resonator

In this paper, novel microwave gas sensors based on graphene-loaded substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonators are presented. Two SIW-based cavity resonators, a ring-slot resonator and a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR), are fabricated and coated with chemical vapor deposited (CVD)-grown graphene. The fabricated graphene contains a layer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on its top. The graphene sheets exhibit high sensitivity to various kinds of polar and non-polar gases. When polar gas contacts the graphene sheet, it will donate or receive electrons, thereby changing its conductance. The SIW cavities thus perform a resonant frequency shift from the perturbation of electron exchange. In the experiment, a frequency shift of 59 MHz and 157 MHz for the SIW ring-slot resonator and CSRR, respectively, can be observed after pure ammonia gas is injected into a closed chamber filled with air at standard atmospheric pressure and temperature. This work demonstrates a very simple and efficient gas sensing scheme in the microwave regime. The proposed devices are promising to be further integrated with RF front-ends, providing a low cost and high sensitive gas sensing and environmental monitoring solution.
Delayed methimazole-induced agranulocytosis in a 6-year old patient with Graves' disease.

Agranulocytosis is regarded as a rare side effect of methimazole (MMI) therapy that occurs in a dose dependent manner and that usually develops within the first 3–6 months of treatment. Although delayed development beyond this timeline has been documented in adults, very few children have been reported with this presentation. We present a 6-year old patient who developed agranulocytosis 18 months after the start of MMI therapy. This is an unusual case of a 6-year old patient who developed this serious side effect on stable MMI therapy well beyond the typical timeline. Our review of the literature revealed that there really is inconclusive data on the incidence, time, and dose-dependency of MMI-induced agranulocytosis in the pediatric Graves’ disease population.
Hypnotics and Sedatives

Abstract This chapter reviewed 2016 literature for cases and studies relating to adverse drug reactions and disease states in pediatric and adults on various hypnotics, sedatives, anxiolytics. Literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, Cochrane Database, and using MESH terms in Pubmed of hypnosedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, and adverse drug events, reactions, and interactions. The overall search was narrowed to January 2016–December 2016 and the language was in English. Multiple studies and cases on various sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics were reviewed. New information is published in 2016 about various adverse effects and potential clinical implications.
Arsenic Trioxide Induces Apoptosis via Specific Signaling Pathways in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells

Background: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is highly effective in the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It is a chemotherapeutic agent that has been shown to induce apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. However, research into its effects on colon carcinoma cells is still very limited. We previously reported that ATO is cytotoxic and causes DNA damage in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. In the present study, we further evaluated its effect on oxidative stress (OS), and examined its apoptotic mechanisms of action on HT-29 cells. Methods: OS was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of MDA levels while cell cycle analysis was evaluated by flow cytometry to determine whether ATO induces cell cycle arrest. Its effect on early apoptosis was also evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the morphological changes, and Western blotting was carried out to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Results: The lipid peroxidation assay revealed a dose-dependent increase in MDA production. DAPI staining showed morphological changes in the cell’s nucleus due to apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis and Annexin V-FITC assay also demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ATO in the accumulation of cells at the sub G1 phase, and the percentages of Annexin V-positive cells, respectively. Western blot data showed that ATO upregulated the expression of caspase 3, Bax, and cytochrome C, and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings indicate that ATO induces OS and cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells through the mitochondria mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
Social Media Mourning: Using Grounded Theory to Explore How People Grieve on Social Networking Sites

This article uses grounded theory methodology to analyze in-depth interviews conducted with mourners who used social networking sites during bereavement. The social media mourning (SMM) model outlines how social networking sites are used to grieve using one or more of the following: (a) one-way communication, (b) two-way communication, and (c) immortality communication. The model indicates causal conditions of SMM: (a) sharing information with family or friends and (sometimes) beginning a dialog, (b) discussing death with others mourning, (c) discussing death with a broader mourning community, and (d) commemorating and continuing connection to the deceased. The article includes actions and consequences associated with SMM and suggests several ways in which SMM changes or influences the bereavement process.
Environmental life-cycle assessment.

Concerns about the planet's health call for a careful evaluation of the environmental impact of materials choices. Life-cycle assessment is a tool that can help identify sustainable materials pathways by considering the burdens of materials both during production and as a product.
Effect of Weak Binding on the Apparent Spin-Orbit Splitting in Nuclei.

The apparent splitting between orbitals that are spin-orbit partners can be substantially influenced by the effects of weak binding. In particular, such effects can account for the observed decrease in separation of the neutron $1{p}_{3/2}$ and $1{p}_{1/2}$ orbitals between the $^{41}\mathrm{Ca}$ and $^{35}\mathrm{Si}$ isotopes. This behavior has been the subject of recent experimental and theoretical works and cited as evidence for a proton ``bubble'' in $^{34}\mathrm{Si}$ causing an explicit weakening of the spin-orbit interaction. The results reported here suggest that the change in the separation between the $1{p}_{3/2}$ and $1{p}_{1/2}$ partners occurs dominantly because of the behavior of the energies of these $1p$ neutron states near zero binding.
The Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Roundup® Does Not Elevate Genome-Wide Mutagenesis of Escherichia coli

Mutations induced by pollutants may promote pathogen evolution, for example by accelerating mutations conferring antibiotic resistance. Generally, evaluating the genome-wide mutagenic effects of long-term sublethal pollutant exposure at single-nucleotide resolution is extremely difficult. To overcome this technical barrier, we use the mutation accumulation/whole-genome sequencing (MA/WGS) method as a mutagenicity test, to quantitatively evaluate genome-wide mutagenesis of Escherichia coli after long-term exposure to a wide gradient of the glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) Roundup Concentrate Plus. The genome-wide mutation rate decreases as GBH concentration increases, suggesting that even long-term GBH exposure does not compromise the genome stability of bacteria.
An heretical consumer research perspective on music, culture and heritage

ABSTRACTThis special issue presents both empirical and conceptual papers on music, culture, and heritage as a discursive site of human action and social interaction. The theme of this special issue of music, culture, and heritage are aspects symbolically embedded throughout the market, as well as within cultural and ritualistic practice. The work featured in this special issue captures the essence of the 2015 Heretical Consumer Research Revival conference held 28–30 September in New Orleans, LA (partially funded by Association of Consumer Research). This diverse gathering of critical thinkers and consumer researchers considered various avenues to enrich future directions for consumer culture research. In line with that conference, this special issue is oriented towards generating innovative, radical, and even heretical schools of thought in consumer culture research surrounding markets, music, culture, and heritage in a nonconventional, nonconformist manner.
An oscillatory neural network model that demonstrates the benefits of multisensory learning

Since the world consists of objects that stimulate multiple senses, it is advantageous for a vertebrate to integrate all the sensory information available. However, the precise mechanisms governing the temporal dynamics of multisensory processing are not well understood. We develop a computational modeling approach to investigate these mechanisms. We present an oscillatory neural network model for multisensory learning based on sparse spatio-temporal encoding. Recently published results in cognitive science show that multisensory integration produces greater and more efficient learning. We apply our computational model to qualitatively replicate these results. We vary learning protocols and system dynamics, and measure the rate at which our model learns to distinguish superposed presentations of multisensory objects. We show that the use of multiple channels accelerates learning and recall by up to 80%. When a sensory channel becomes disabled, the performance degradation is less than that experienced during the presentation of non-congruent stimuli. This research furthers our understanding of fundamental brain processes, paving the way for multiple advances including the building of machines with more human-like capabilities.
Molecular analysis of terminal oxidases in electron transport pathways of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azotobacter vinelandii.

Both B. japonicum and A. vinelandii contain branched electron transport pathways, utilizing multiple terminal oxidases. The oxidases display differing affinities for O2, thus allowing the O2 concentration to regulate the pathway of electron flow- It is thought that the roles the multiple oxidases play in N2 fixation may be to permit both coupled ATP-synthesizing, and uncoupled but O2-scavenging electron transport (respiratory protection, see ref. 20). Indeed, inhibitor studies on both N2-fixing Azotobacter (9,10,20) and bacteroids of B. japonicum (3–7) suggest the presence of highly-efficient ATP-synthesizing and inefficient O2-scavenging pathways. The O2 concentration at the bacterial membrane then is the factor determining the use of the coupled versus uncoupled pathways. It is important to keep in mind that the free O2 level in root nodules is maintained primarily by leghemoglobins, so that even the highest O2 levels at the bacteroid surface are much less than fully aerobic.