cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subjective perceptions and physiological variables during weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Background As costs related to mechanical ventilation increase, clear indicators of patients' readiness to be weaned are needed. Research has not yet yielded a consensus on physiological variables that are consistent correlates of weaning outcomes. Subjective perceptions rarely have been examined for their contribution to successful weaning. Objective To explore the subjective perceptions of dyspnea, fatigue, and self-efficacy and selected physiological variables in patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation. Methods Data were collected prospectively on 68 patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation. Subjective perceptions were measured by using 3 visual analog scales; physiological variables were measured by using the Burns Weaning Assessment Program and a patient profile. Weaning outcomes were recorded 24 hours after data collection. Results Participants were primarily white women and required mechanical ventilation for a mean of less than 4 days. Participants reported mild dyspnea, moderate fatigue, and high weaning self-efficacy. High PaO2, low PaCO2, stable hemodynamic status, adequate cough and swallow reflexes, no metabolic changes, and no abdominal problems were associated with complete weaning (P = .05). Subjective perceptions were associated with physiological variables but not with weaning outcomes. Conclusions Multidimensional assessment of both primary and secondary indicators of readiness to be weaned is necessary for timely, efficient weaning from mechanical ventilation. Primary assessments include physiological variables related to gas exchange, hemodynamic status, diaphragmatic expansion, and airway clearance. Secondary assessments include perceptions related to key physiological variables. Additional research is needed to determine the predictive value of physiological variables and perceptions of dyspnea, fatigue, and self-efficacy.
Parent‐child decision making in children’s clothing stores

This research analyses the in‐store behaviour of children and their parents while shopping for children’s clothing. Data were collected by unobtrusively observing and recording the behavior of parents and children in retail stores. Results indicate that a purchase was more likely where both parties were highly involved in the search, the interaction was collaborative, the parent had positive evaluations of quality, price, practicality and style, the child had positive evaluations of price, style and colour, and the salesperson addressed the needs of both the parent and the child. It is recommended that retailers′ strategies for merchandise selection, salesforce training and in‐store promotions, address the needs of both parent and child.
Toward a Rational Policy for the Management of High-Level Radioactive Waste: Integrating Science and Ethics

The disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) is an issue that has seemed to defy not only solution but even a rational approach. This article reviews the development of U.S. HLRW disposal policy, focusing on the role of the scientific establishment. The failure of policymakers and their expert advisers is traced to the nature of the issues that need to be resolved to guarantee the safety of present and future generations. Scientific analysis cannot be used to predict the significance and impact of human actions at disposal sites in the distant future. Consequently, it cannot provide a comprehensive risk assessment of any permanent HLRW disposal options. Perpetual management of HLRW in monitored retrievable facilities can address this issue. A management process that is guided by both science and ethics is best suited to protecting health and the environment, as well as intergenerational equity and justice.
A unified multiple-level cache for high performance storage systems

Multi-level cache hierarchies are widely used in high-performance storage systems to improve I/O performance. However, traditional cache management algorithms are not suited well for such cache organisations. Recently proposed multi-level cache replacement algorithms using aggressive exclusive caching work well with single or multiple-client, low-correlated workloads, but suffer serious performance degradation with multiple-client, high-correlated workloads. In this paper, we propose a new cache management algorithm that handles multi-level buffer caches by forming a unified cache (uCache), which uses both exclusive caching in L2 storage caches and cooperative client caching. We also propose a new local replacement algorithm, Frequency Based Eviction-Reference (FBER), based on our study of access patterns in exclusive caches. Our simulation results show that uCache increases the cumulative cache hit ratio dramatically. Compared to other popular cache algorithms, such as LRU, the I/O response time is improved by up to 46% for low-correlated workloads and 53% for high-correlated workloads.
Kinetic parameters of drug-metabolizing enzymes in Ca2+-sedimented microsomes from rat liver☆

Abstract Kinetic parameters of five substrates of the mixed function oxidase system were determined to ensure that the mixed function oxidases were unaltered by the Ca 2+ -sedimented microsomes. Using either of the microsomal preparation procedures, no differences were noted in the V max and K m for aminopyrine, ethylmorphine and p -nitroanisole demethylation, aniline hydroxylation and hexobarbital oxidase. Also, no differences were seen in the NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activities. The Ca 2+ -sedimentation procedure was further simplified to allow microsomal preparation within 1 hr.
Screw configuration effects on corn starch expansion during extrusion

Normal corn starch was extrusion cooked in a Brabender single-screw extruder. Three screws with no mixing, one mixing or two mixing elements were used to extrude the samples through a 3 mm cylindrical die nozzle at 140°C barrel temperature and 140 rpm screw speed. Dependent variables included overall and radial expansion ratios, bulk density and specific mechanical energy (SME). Extrudates were ground and re-extruded using the same three screws, and the same extrusion conditions. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in bulk density, SME and radial expansion ratio were found on re-extrusion. No changes occurred in overall expansion ratio (P < 0.05).
Displaying a bright future [vacuum microelectronics]

Recent technical and market advances have created a resurgence of interest in miniature vacuum devices based on field-emission vacuum microelectronics. For several operational conditions, these new devices have inherent advantages over their solid-state counterparts. Vacuum microelectronic devices are less sensitive to temperature variations, provide high-speed switching capabilities, and are less susceptible to radiation damage. In addition, electron beams can be steered with external electric and magnetic fields, and electron devices are capable of operation with high current densities. In this article, we describe the development of this new generation of vacuum microelectronic devices and showcase some exciting applications arising from this technology, ranging from flat-panel displays to electron beam devices.
Cross-Linkable Molecular Glasses: Low Dielectric Constant Materials Patternable in Hydrofluoroethers

We report a new approach to solution-processable low-dielectric-constant (low-k) materials including photolithographic patterning of these materials in chemically benign and environmentally friendly solvents. A series of semiperfluorinated molecular glasses with styrenic substituents were successfully synthesized. These small molecular materials were thermally stable up to 400 degrees C and also exhibited an amorphous nature, which is essential to forming uniform films. Differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed that a cross-linking reaction occurred in the presence of acid, resulting in the formation of robust polymeric films. Atomic force microscopy images of the cross-linked films showed uniform and pinhole-free surface properties. Dielectric constants determined by a capacitance measurement were 2.6-2.8 (100 kHz) at ambient conditions, which are comparable to other polymeric low-k materials. The incorporation of semiperfluorinated substituents was effective in decreasing the dielectric constant; in particular, the fluorinated alkyl ether structure proved best. In addition, the fluorinated substituents contributed to good solubility in hydrofluoroether (HFE) solvents, which enabled the successful photolithographic patterning of those materials in HFEs down to a submicrometer scale.
Has electric utility restructuring led to lower electricity prices for residential consumers in Texas

This paper analyzes the determination of residential electricity prices in the competitive Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) market. This analysis suggests that electricity restructuring in Texas has not yet resulted in lower prices for the majority of residential energy consumers in areas open to competition. Contrary to common expectations, residential electricity costs for consumers at a typical (1000 kWh per month) consumption level have increased at a greater rate in the areas of Texas offering retail choice than in the areas of the State where retail competition has not been introduced.
Robotic follower: near-term autonomy for future combat systems

Robotics is one of the fundamental enabling technologies required to meet the U. S. Army's vision to be a strategically responsive force capable of domination across the entire spectrum of conflict. The Future Combat Systems (FCS) program is poised to be the first component of this force to utilize robotic or unmanned systems. The U. S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development & Engineering Center (TARDEC), in partnership with the U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has initiated an effort to develop a near-term robotics capability for FCS entitled the Robotic Follower Advanced Technology Demonstration program.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Subcutaneous Treprostinil for Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with chronic lung disease of infancy can be a life-threatening disease affecting an increasing number of former premature infants. There is a need for improved delivery of targeted PAH therapies for this subgroup of patients who have severe and persistent PAH despite standard respiratory care for chronic lung disease. Currently infants who have severe PAH despite oral or inhaled therapy receive continuous intravenous prostanoid therapy (mostly epoprostenol), which is complicated because of the need for central venous access and associated catheter-related complications. We present a series of 5 infants who were successfully treated with a continuous infusion of subcutaneous treprostinil, which is a longer-acting prostanoid with similar hemodynamic effects. There were improvements in echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function and estimated pulmonary hypertension, and in respiratory support required within weeks of therapy. Unlike commonly in adults, these 5 infants had no instances of severe site erythema, bleeding, bruising, or infection. In our experience with 5 former extremely preterm infants who had PAH associated with chronic lung disease, subcutaneous treprostinil was safe, efficacious, and well tolerated. We believe that subcutaneous treprostinil can be beneficial in a select group of former premature infants who have chronic lung disease and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension who have not responded adequately to conservative therapies.
Regulation of Glucose Kinetics in Trauma Patients by Insulin and Glucagon

Abstract The current study was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of insulin and glucagon to regulation of glucose metabolism in man following severe, traumatic injury by manipulating concentrations of insulin and glucagon with infusions of somatostatin. Glucose kinetics were assessed with [U- 14 C, 6- 3 H]glucose in severely injured patients and compared with data obtained from patients recovering from minor, elective operative procedures. Glucose production was significantly increased in subjects with traumatic injury compared with control subjects (13.0 ± 0.63 μ mol/kg/min v 8.6 ± 0.27 μ mol/kg/min). There was no impairment in glucose oxidation by the injured patients. Modulation of insulin and glucagon with somatostatin indicated that non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake (NIMGU) was significantly elevated in injured patients (12.2 ± 0.94 μ mol/kg/min v 7.4 ± 0.61 μ mol/kg/min). Hepatic glucose output (HGO) in the absence of glucagon was also significantly elevated in injured patients (12.2 ± 1.20 μ mol/kg/min v 5.8 ± 1.08 μ mol/kg/min). Indirect calorimetry showed a 27% increase in resting energy expenditure (REE). Increased protein oxidation accounted for 56% of the increase in REE. Changes in carbohydrate and lipid oxidation accounted for 28% and 15% of the increase in REE. There was no correlation between the injury severity score of the injured patient and the degree of metabolic abnormality. It is concluded from these studies that (1) injured patients have a high rate of glucose turnover in the absence of glucagon and insulin; (2) the reliance on glucose as a source of energy is not diminished in injured subjects; and (3) increases in protein oxidation account for the majority of the increased REE found in injured patients.
Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin G on natural killer cell cytotoxicity in vitro in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been used to treat women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), particularly for women with elevated natural killer (NK) cells. We investigated the effect of IVIg on peripheral blood NK cell activity in vitro in women with RSA. 51Cr-release assays using K562 in the presence of varying concentrations of IVIg were performed using PBL from 16 women with RSA. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated using Daudi cells. Effectors and targets were preincubated with IVIg. Binding of IVIg to K562 and Daudi was evaluated by flow cytometry. The effect of K562 absorbed IVIg on NK activity was compared to that of non-absorbed IVIg. NK cytotoxicity and ADCC in the presence of F(ab')2 fragments were compared with those in the presence of intact IVIg. IVIg produced a significant, dose dependent inhibition of NK activity in vitro. Inhibition of NK activity occurred when effectors but not targets were preincubated with IVIg. IVIg binds to K562 and Daudi. IVIg increased ADCC when targets but not effectors were incubated with IVIg. K562 absorbed IVIg produced more inhibition of NK cytotoxicity than non-absorbed IVIg. Suppression of NK cytotoxicity by F(ab')2 was as effective as that of IVIg. However, F(ab')2 did not increase ADCC. IVIg effectively reduces peripheral blood NK cytotoxicity in vitro. Inhibition of NK cytotoxicity is mediated at the effector cell level through the antigen binding portion of the immunoglobulins. Women with RSA and elevated NK cells may benefit from IVIg treatment.
All-offspring natal philopatry in a Neotropical bat

Natal dispersal is a strategy employed by individuals to avoid reproducing with close relatives. In most bats, incestuous matings are prevented by the departure of one sex; thus, all-offspring philopatry has rarely been recorded in these mammals. Here we present evidence of all-offspring philopatry to natal groups in a Neotropical insectivorous bat. Our results are derived from behavioural observations of a long-term, capture–mark–recapture study conducted on three populations of Spix’s disc-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor. Results indicate that dispersal patterns of this species are characterized by low emigration rates (0.40–0.73 individuals per year), long residence times (492–1238 days) and high offspring retention of both sexes within natal groups. The retention of offspring resulted in groups being primarily composed of one or two matrilines. Our study is the first to demonstrate such high amounts of male and female natal philopatry coupled with limited spatial movements in bats. These dispersal patterns may be explained by morphological and ecological constraints associated with costly flight dynamics and significant variation in the distribution and quality of habitat, in addition to social benefits accrued by remaining affiliated with close kin.
Avidity modulation of folate-targeted multivalent dendrimers for evaluating biophysical models of cancer targeting nanoparticles

We investigated two types of generation 5 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, each conjugated stochastically with a mean number of 5 or 10 methotrexate (MTX) ligands per dendrimer (G5-MTX5, G5-MTX10), for their binding to surface-immobilized folate binding protein (FBP) as a function of receptor density. The binding study was performed under flow by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Two multivalent models were examined to simulate binding of the dendrimer to the receptor surface, showing that at relatively high receptor density, both dendrimer conjugates exhibit high avidity. However, upon reducing the receptor density by a factor of 3 and 13 relative to the high density level, the avidity of the lower-valent G5-MTX5 decreases by up to several orders of magnitude (KD = nM to μM), whereas the avidity of G5-MTX10 remains largely unaffected regardless of the density variation. Notably, on the 13-fold reduced FBP surface, G5-MTX5 displays binding kinetics similar to that of monovalent methotrexate, which...
Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in coronary arteries of young adults (15-34 years old)

Abstract An association of Chlamydia pneumoniae with atherosclerosis of coronary and carotid arteries and aorta has been found by seroepidemiology and by demonstration of the organism in atheromata. Age-matched control tissue from persons without atherosclerosis was usually not available. We studied autopsy tissue from young persons, many with no atherosclerosis, to determine whether C. pneumoniae is present in atheroma in young persons with early atherosclerosis and to compare the findings in age- and sex-matched persons without atherosclerosis. A left anterior descending coronary artery sample, formalin-fixed, from 49 subjects, 15-34 years of age, from the multicenter study called Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY), was examined by immunocytochemistry and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of C. pneumoniae and by PCR for cytomegalovirus. A hematoxylin/eosin-stained section was used to determine disease present in the studied sample. Seven of the artery samples were found to have atheromatous plaque, 11 had intimal thickening, and 31 had no lesions. Eight of the samples were positive for C. pneumoniae by immunocytochemistry (n = 7) and/or PCR (n = 3). Six of the 7 (86%) atheroma, 2 of the 11 (18%) with intimal thickening, and none of the 31 normal-appearing coronary samples were positive. Four were positive by PCR for cytomegalovirus, 2 from diseased arteries and 2 from normal arteries. Examination of the adjacent left coronary artery sample with a fat stain found abnormalities in 25 of the patients, but 19 still showed no evidence of atherosclerosis as a result of either examination. Thus, C. pneumoniae is found in coronary lesions in young adults with atherosclerosis but is not found in normal-appearing coronary arteries of both persons with and without other evidence of atherosclerosis.
Massenspektroskopie und ihre Anwendung auf strukturelle und stereochemische Probleme, 44. Mitt.: Das Fragmentierungsverhalten monocyclischer Ketone

Die Massenspektren einer Reihe monocyclischer Ketone sind gemessen worden. Durch Vergleich der Spektren mit denen deuterierter Derivate ist es moglich, plausible Mechanismen fur die Bildung charakteristischer Fragmente abzuleiten.
Greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae) Plant Resistance in Small Grains and Sorghum to Biotype E

During the winter of 1979-80, a new biotype of Schizaphis graminum (Rond.), designated biotype E, was collected from a wheat field at Bushland, Texas. The reaction of various food-plants to the new biotype were examined in subsequent greenhouse and growth-chamber studies in Oklahoma by measuring one or more of the mechanisms of plant resistance. The resistant wheats Amigo and Amigo/Payne did not possess the antibiosis and tolerance previously experienced against biotype C but retained their antixenosis, as did Gaucho, a triticale from which Amigo was developed. The wheat Largo appeared as resistant to biotype E as it was previously to biotype C. The reaction of the rye Insave F.A. suggested that more than one gene for resistance was involved, but unfortunately the one gene effective against biotype E was not transferred to Amigo. Oats seemed to be little affected by the biotype change. The new biotype was able to injure previously resistant sources of feed barley, although some antibiosis was still effective. Commercial grain sorghum lines, previously resistant to the aphid, were found to be susceptible, but PI220248, PI264453 and Capbam exhibited a useable level of resistance to biotype E. Bloomless (bm bm) appeared to maintain its resistance and was effective against biotype E. In general, it was considered that the occurrence of the new biotype had affected many of the previously resistant genotypes that had been developed in small grains and sorghum
Latin square determinants II

Abstract The theory of latin square determinants may be regarded as a direct continuation of the line of research which led Frobenius to introduce group characters. A previous paper introduced the basic ideas and indicated how the theory relates to quasigroup character theory. The work here sets out further developments. The linear factors of a latin square determinant are characterised. Results on a lower bound for the number of irreducible factors are obtained, and methods to factorise determinants with various kinds of symmetries are given, as well as determinants arising as extensions. A ‘Molien series’ for a latin square is defined, generalising that arising in group invariant theory. A determinant arising out of a pair of squares is discussed, and when the pair of squares is an orthogonal pair arising from a finite field it is shown that this determinant has a special property. Further examples have been calculated using symbolic manipulation packages.
Antihypertensive Medication Adherence Stroke and Death

To the Editor:—I read with great interest the recent articles by Fischer et al. 1 and Bailey et al. 2 which describe the extent of primary non-adherence and document the adverse impact of non-adherence among those with hypertension. Bailey et al. 2 conclude that by increasing adherence by one pill per week for a once-a-day regimen the hazard of stroke could be reduced by 8–9% and death by 7%. The public health impact of non-adherence should not be minimized. I agree with Fischer et al. 1 that e-prescribing could improve adherence. In 2006, we interviewed 276 clinicians and staff in 64 practices using one of six e-prescribing products. When asked about e-prescribing software with the capability of alerting the physician when the patient has not picked up a prescription, 47% reported that would be very useful. Yet, these data run counter to the real experience of beta testing e-prescribing in 2003 in Rhode Island. The original plan was to alert the prescriber when prescriptions were not picked up (e.g. “the leakage”). Messages were delivered to prescribers; the physicians overwhelmingly (and successfully) argued to turn such messaging off due to the high volume of alerts. Based on these contraditory findings and previous research, 3 physicians seem to underestimate the extent of the non-adherence problem. Design of interventions must be done carefully. When probing deeper, we found that 75% said they would call the patient if the e-prescribing software alerted them that their patient did not pick up a prescription that would have serious medical consequences if not taken. Given the extent of non-adherence, how would busy clinicians even have time to do so? Concerns about liability should not be underestimated. How to deal with these issues in the design of interventions to improve medication adherence is non-trivial.
Earth science: new Madrid in motion.

A new network of geodetic field stations has greatly improved monitoring of relative motion across a seismic zone in the central United States. It seems that rapid deformation is occurring across this fault system. A series of large earthquakes centred on the town of New Madrid in the Mississippi Valley in the winter of 1811–12 still reverberates in the world of seismology. The controversy relates to their origin — over 2,000 km from the nearest plate boundary — and their relevance to earthquake hazard today. The population of New Madrid in the early nineteenth century was tiny: a similar event today would have much more serious consequences. New evidence, based on GPS data, points to the existence of rapid strain rates in the area, comparable in magnitude to those across active plate boundaries and consistent with known active faults in the region.
A note on variations of the IMF Bz, and the AE index between 1966 and 1984 in terms of monthly and yearly mean values

Abstract The monthly and yearly mean values of the IMF Bz component have no obvious sunspot cycle variations, although both the AE and aa indices show a prominent peak during the declining epoch of the sunspot cycle, reflecting effects of high speed streams.
Estimation of the minimum number of test specimens for fatigue testing of acrylic bone cement.

Abstract In the literature on fatigue testing of acrylic bone cements, data sets of various sizes have been used in different test series for the same cement formulation. There are two important consequences of this situation. First, it means that some test series last much longer than others, with all the implications for the cost of testing. Second, it makes drawing conclusions about the fatigue performance of a cement, based on the results of different literature series, a problematic issue. Clearly then, a recommendation as to what should be the minimum number of test specimens to use that would allow for confidence in the results of the statistical treatment of the test results ( G min ) would be desirable. In the present work, a method that could be used to culminate in such a recommendation is described. This method involves (i) obtaining experimental fatigue test results and (ii) analyzing those results using the Weibull probability distribution function and other statistical methods. This methodology is illustrated using fatigue life results obtained from uniaxial tension–compression fatigue tests on specimens fabricated from the polymerizing dough of one commercially available acrylic bone cement. For a tolerable error of 5%, we estimated G min to be either 7 (if the fatigue life results are treated using the two-parameter Weibull distribution function) or 11 (if the fatigue life results are treated using the three-parameter Weibull distribution function). To be on the conservative side, we therefore recommend that G min be 11. Three key limitations of the methodology presented here are discussed.
An Investigation Concerning Inducibility of Lymphoepithelial Cysts in Hamsters by Autogenous Epithelial Transplantation

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUAUN INVESTIGATION CONCERNENTE LE INDUCIBILITATE DE CYSTES LYMPHOEPITHELIAL IN HAMSTERS PER LE TRANSPLANTATION DE EPITHELIO AUTOGENE.—Vinti mascule Syrian hamsters auree de 6 septimanas de etate esseva dividite in duo gruppos experimental. Epithelio de glandula salivari o del sacco buccal esseva transplantate autogenemente ad in submandibular nodos lymphatic al latere dextere de 10 del animales cata-un. Le mesme typo de intervention instrumental esseva applicate al structuras submandibular al latere sinistre sin effectuar ulle transplantation. Le animales esseva sacrificate 30 dies plus tarde. Le transplantate epithelio del sacco buccal experientiava proliferation cystic in 7 del 9 supervivente animales, durante que epithelio del glandula salivari esseva observate histologicamente in 2 de 9 nodos lymphatic. Le observation corrobora previe conclusiones relative al etiologia de cystes lymphoepithelial.
Results of heart transplantation following failed staged palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related single ventricle anomalies

Objectives Multistage palliation is the mainstay management strategy of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and related single ventricle anomalies. If this palliation strategy fails, heart transplantation (HT) is required. The results of HT in children who had a prior Norwood operation are reportedly poor due to several immune, clinical and anatomical risk factors. We report our institutional outcomes following HT in children who had a prior Norwood operation. Methods Between 1994 and 2013, 107 children with congenital heart disease underwent HT. We examined early and late outcomes in our study cohort of children who had a prior Norwood operation (n = 24), and analysed risk factors affecting survival. Survival was subsequently compared with a control group of 83 children with congenital heart disease without a prior Norwood operation who received HT. Results Twenty-four children with a prior Norwood operation underwent HT. The majority (22/24, 92%) had HLHS. Children were listed following Norwood (n = 2, 8.3%), Glenn (n = 17, 70.8%) or Fontan (n = 5, 20.8%) operation. Ten (42%) patients had panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) >10%. Median age at listing was 2.7 (range 0.4-16.8) years and median age at the time of HT was 3.0 (range 0.6-16.8) years, with the median waiting list duration of 63.5 (range 1-554) days. Hospital mortality was 1/24 (4%). Overall parametric survival estimates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 85, 65 and 52%. Survival was not affected by listing status, last palliation stage, age or high PRA. The only significant factor affecting survival was the later era in our series with significantly superior 5-year survival (100 vs 42%, P = 0.0003). Overall survival was comparable with the control group of children with congenital heart disease and no prior Norwood operation (52 vs 53% at 10 years, P = 0.97). Overall, 3 of 24 patients required retransplantation with only one late survivor. Conclusions Children failing multistage palliation of HLHS may require HT, often following the Glenn operation. HT results in this group are comparable with those in other children with congenital heart disease. Improvements in pretransplant management, immune suppression and outpatient care in the later era might have specifically benefited this particularly risky group of patients.
Facilitation of the terminal proton transfer reaction of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by active-site Lys166.

The terminal step in the carboxylation pathway catalyzed by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is stereospecific protonation of the C-2 aci-acid of 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA). ...
Even unimodular 12-dimensional quadratic forms over Q(√5)

Abstract A complete list of all 12-dimensional even unimodular lattices over Q (√5) is given. Theta series are used to verify that the list of those with 2-vectors is complete. It is proved that there is a unique lattice with no 2-vectors and the Siegel mass formula gives the order of its automorphism group.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MODELS FOR UNSTABLE ROCKET COMBUSTOR

Theoretical models and experimental rocket combustors for study of combustion process instability
Sovereignty and the Laws of War: International Consequences of Japan's 1905 Victory over Russia

The Russo–Japanese War (1904–1905), recently commemorated with several international conference volumes, is identified by a majority of contributors as the first modern, global war. In making such a judgment, these scholars note its scale, its nationalism, its colonialism and geopolitical repercussions. What is surprising, however, is that no one has remarked on another significance: it was the first war in which both belligerents pledged to adhere to the international laws of war. In that regard, the Russo–Japanese War marks a culmination of the tireless international diplomacy to secure legal limitations on warfare in the nineteenth century. In 1904, both Russia and Japan justified their operations according to international law, for the benefit of an international audience who had five years earlier celebrated some progress with the signing of The Hague Conventions in 1899.
Hybrid hierarchical fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) porous structures facilitating cell attachment, growth, and proliferation is critical to tissue engineering applications. Traditional solid freeform fabrication (SFF) methods have limited capabilities in the fabrication of high resolution micro-scale features to implement advanced biomedical functions. In this work, we present a hybrid scaffold fabrication approach by integrating electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing technology with extrusion deposition together to fabricate hierarchical 3D scaffolds with well controlled structures at both macro and micro scale. We developed a hybrid fabrication platform and a robust fabrication process to achieve 3D hierarchical structures. The melting extrusion by pneumatic pressure was used to fabricate 3D scaffolds with filaments dimension of hundreds of microns using thermoplastic biopolymer polycaprolactone (PCL). An electrohydrodynamic (EHD) melt jet plotting process was developed to fabricate micro-scale features on the scaffolds with sub-10 μm resolution, which has great potential in advanced biomedical applications, such as cell alignment and cell guidance.
MMPI correlates of performance on a behavior therapy ward

Abstract In a behavioral treatment program for acute psychiatric patients, points were earned for adaptive behavior (e.g. self-care, attending ward activities) and lost for maladaptive behavior (e.g. assaults, verbal abuse). Points earned could be spent for a variety of goods and services (e.g. passes, extra staff time). Statistically significant correlations were found between MMPI scale scores and point-earning behavior. High scores on the F , 5, 6 and 8 scales were associated with low point gain for adaptive behavior, high point loss for maladaptive behavior, a high proportion of points spent to points earned, and a low overall net point earnings. Low score on F scale in combination with high score on 2 scale best predicted point-gain behavior, whereas high score on 8 scale in combination with low score on 1 scale best predicted point-loss behavior. Overall net points were best predicted by low score on F scale in combination with high scores on 0 and 9 scales. When subjects were grouped into common psychiatric profile types, differences were found in point-gain behaviors for items related to personal care and attending ward activities. At least some of these differences could be attributed to two factors: high scores on the 2, 3 and 7 scales were associated with higher than average point earnings, while high scores on the 8 scale were associated with lower than average point earnings.
Modified Lattice-Statics Approach to Point-Defect Calculations

A modified lattice-statics formalism is developed which allows anharmonic forces to be applied in determining the displacements of host atoms close to a point defect in a cubic lattice. The method is applied to determine the atomic relaxations in the vicinity of an octahedral carbon interstitial in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-iron and a single vacancy in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-iron. The displacements obtained for first and second neighbors to the vacancy are extremely close to those obtained by the semidiscrete method. The nearest neighbor to the carbon interstitial is displaced by an amount midway between the corresponding lattice-statics and semidiscrete values. The relaxation energy for the carbon interstitial is found to be -1.71 eV.
Comparison on nonlinear joint transform correlator and nonlinear matched filter based correlator

Abstract We compare the performance of the nonlinear joint transform correlator, the nonlinearly transformed filter based correlator and the conventional linear correlator. The pattern recognition systems will be compared in the areas of correlation peak, peak to sidelobe ratio and the correlation width. We show that compared to the linear correlator, both types of nonlinear correlators produce better correlation performance.
Electron-impact ionization of diatomic molecules using a configuration-average distorted-wave method

Electron-impact ionization cross sections for diatomic molecules are calculated in a configuration-average distorted-wave method. Core bound orbitals for the molecular ion are calculated using a single-configuration self-consistent-field method based on a linear combination of Slater-type orbitals. The core bound orbitals are then transformed onto a two-dimensional $(r,\ensuremath{\theta})$ numerical lattice from which a Hartree potential with local exchange is constructed. The single-particle Schr\"odinger equation is then solved for the valence bound orbital and continuum distorted-wave orbitals with $S$-matrix boundary conditions. Total cross section results for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ are compared with those from semiempirical calculations and experimental measurements.
Progesterone receptor activation mediates LH-induced type-I Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide receptor (PAC1) gene expression in rat granulosa cells

We have previously reported that the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) gene is regulated in ovarian granulosa cells by the autocrine and/or paracrine interaction between progesterone and its nuclear receptor progesterone receptor (PR). To initiate studies on the functional significance of the progesterone-induced PACAP production in luteinizing granulosa cells, we sought to determine the expression and hormonal regulation of PACAP receptors in the rat ovary. The relative mRNA levels of three known PACAP receptor subtypes (PAC(1), VPAC(1), and VPAC(2)) were determined in ovaries of immature rats treated with gonadotropins, by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Results show that all PAC(1), VPAC(1), and VPAC(2) transcripts are expressed at a detectable level in immature rat ovaries. Importantly, the ovarian level of PAC(1), but not VPAC(1) or VPAC(2), mRNA notably changes during gonadotropin challenges. Ovarian PAC(1) mRNA expression decreases during the pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-induced follicular phase but substantially increases during the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced periovulatory period. Because the hCG-induced increase in ovarian PAC(1) mRNA expression is attributable to the hormone-induced PAC(1) mRNA expression in granulosa cells of the preovulatory follicles, we next examined whether hCG regulates PAC(1) mRNA expression by directly acting on granulosa cells. When granulosa cells isolated from PMSG (40 h)-primed immature rats were challenged with hCG (or forskolin), PAC(1), but not VPAC(1) or VPAC(2), mRNA expression significantly increased within 6 h. Because the LH-induced PAC(1) mRNA expression (6 h) proceeds PR activation (3 h) in granulosa cells as the LH-induced PACAP mRNA expression (6 h) does, we further determined the cause-effect relationship among LH, PR activation and PAC(1) receptor gene expression, by examining the effect of PR antagonist, ZK98299, on the ability of LH to increase PAC(1) mRNA levels in luteinizing granulosa cells. Results show that ZK98299 inhibited the stimulatory effect of hCG (or forskolin) on PAC(1) mRNA expression, at the level of all known splice variants of PAC(1) mRNA in granulosa cells. In summary, our results demonstrating that PR activation is critical for the LH-induced PAC(1) gene expression in luteinizing granulosa cells suggest that PR activation regulates the finely tuned expression of the PACAP/PACAP receptor genes in luteinizing granulosa cells and thus dictates the timing of the autocrine and/or paracrine function of PACAP in preovulatory follicles.
Cocaine Sensitization Can Accelerate the Onset of Peak Cocaine Behavioral Effects

The development of sensitization to the behavioral effects of cocaine occurs with repeated intermittent usage. In the present study rats were given five daily IP injections of cocaine (10 mg/kg) immediately prior to placement in an open-field environment for 20 min to induce cocaine sensitization. Control groups received saline injections or cocaine injections (10 mg/kg) 30 min after testing in the home cage. One week later the animals were given a challenge test with 10 mg/kg cocaine. The animals that had received cocaine in the test environment exhibited a more rapid onset of cocaine-induced behavioral effects than either animals previously treated with saline or animals that had received cocaine in the home cage. In a second experiment, the same sensitization protocol was followed except that during the interval between the end of the cocaine/saline treatments and the challenge test, the animals were given six daily 20-min saline tests to assess the contribution of differential habituation and/or Pavlovian conditioning to the sensitization effect. Neither habituation or Pavlovian conditioning altered the more rapid onset of cocaine stimulant effects induced by repeated cocaine treatments. It is suggested that the faster onset of cocaine effects is another way in which cocaine sensitization contributes to cocaine abuse liability.
Sufficient dimension reduction in multivariate regressions with categorical predictors

In this paper, we present a novel sufficient dimension reduction method for multivariate regressions with categorical predictors. We adopt ideas from a previous work byChiaromonte et al. (2002) who proposed sufficient dimension reduction in regressions with categorical predictors and the work by Li et al. (2008) who proposed the projective-resampling idea to multivariate response problems. In addition, we incorporate a variable selection procedure. Simulation studies show the efficacy of our method. We present a real data analysis through our proposed method to discover new association between personal characteristics and dietary factors which influence plasma beta-carotene and retinol levels in human serum.
Rapid identification of tissue micro-organisms in skin biopsy specimens from domestic animals using polyclonal BCG antibody

Immunostaining with polyclonal anti-Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) was evaluated as a single screen-ing method for the histological identification of micro-organisms in skin biopsy specimens from various veterinary species. Confirmed archival cases infected with Mycobacteria, Nocardia, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Streptococcus/Staphylococcus, Dermatophilus, spirochetes, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Crypto-coccus, Histoplasma, dermatophytes, Malassezia, Sporothrix, Leishmania, Pythium, phaeohyphomycetes and Prototheca organisms were selected. A total of 70 skin biopsy specimens from the dog, cat, horse, ox and llama were evaluated. The anti-BCG immunostain labelled bacteria and fungi with high sensitivity and minimal background staining but did not label spirochetes and protozoa (Leishmania). Differences were not noted between veterinary species. The results indicate that immunostaining with polyclonal anti-BCG is a suitable screening technique for the rapid identification of most common bacterial and fungal organisms in paraffin-embedded specimens. Also, mycobacterial and nocardial organisms were identified more readily with the anti-BCG immunostain in comparison to the histochemical stains.
A developmental study of visual and auditory short-term memory

Kindergarten, second-grade, fifth-grade, and college subjects were tested in a serial-position recall task under each of four conditions: visual stimuli-visual recall cue, visual stimuli-auditory recall cue, auditory stimuli-visual recall cue, auditory stimuli-auditory recall cue. Visual stimuli were pictures of common animals and objects; auditory stimuli were the tape-recorded names of these animals and objects. Two serial positions were probed on each trial. At all grade levels: (a) recall of visual stimuli was markedly superior to that of auditory stimuli, (b) modality of recall cue had no effect, and (c) primacy and recency effects were found for both visual and auditory stimuli. Delayed testing (Probe 2) produced a decrement in auditory stimulus recall but not in visual stimulus recall. It was suggested that overt labelling of pictorial stimuli functionally changes the stimuli from being purely visual to being both visual and auditory.
Phase and amplitude maps of the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus

The electric organ discharge (EOD) potential was mapped on the skin and midplane of several Apteronotus leptorhynchus. The frequency components of the EOD on the surface of the fish have extremely stable amplitude and phase. However, the waveform varies considerably with different positions on the body surface. Peaks and zero crossings of the potential propagate along the fish's body, and there is no point where the potential is always zero. The EOD differs significantly from a sinusoid over at least one third of the body and tail. A qualitative comparison between fish showed that each individual had a unique spatiotemporal pattern of the EOD potential on its body.
The Need for Special Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions - The Case of Theeuropean Union

The global financial crisis has demonstrated weaknesses in resolution regimes for financial institutions around the globe, including in the European Union (EU). This paper considers the principles underlying resolution regimes for financial institutions, and draws out how a well-designed resolution regime can expand the toolset available for crisis management. Introducing, or in some cases expanding the scope, of these regimes is pressing to achieve more effective responses to ongoing financial sector weaknesses across the EU.
Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of cancer

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a widely used clinical procedure. To determine if BAL could provide useful information in the detection of cancer, 850 lavages from 421 patients having BAL for a variety of indications, 50 lavages in patients with Hodgkin's disease and 20 patients with breast cancer undergoing bone marrow transplant were reviewed. BALs were performed with 5 successive 20 cc aliquots in a wedged position. The return from the first aliquot was processed separately from the subsequent four aliquots. Diff-Quik stained cytocentrifuge preparations and Papanicolaou stained millipore filter preparations were analyzed. Thirty-five patients had biopsy-proven lung cancer. In 24 (68.6%) of these, BAL revealed cells diagnostic of malignancy. There were no false positives. Six out of 50 Hodgkin's disease patients had Reed Sternberg cells detected on BAL, and 7/20 breast cancer patients had malignant cells on BAL prior to chemotherapy. In summary, the routine performance of BAL, an easily performed and well-tolerated procedure, may prove to be useful in the routine assessment of patients for cancer.