cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of operating parameters in stirred ball mill grinding of coal

Abstract For any physical separation process to work efficiently, a high degree of liberation must first be achieved. In the case of coal, a mean particle size as fine as 5 μm may be necessary when deep cleaning is required. One of the most energy-efficient devices for producing micronized coal is the stirred ball mill In the present work, various operating parameters such as stirring speed, pulp density and the use of grinding aids have been studied using a laboratory stirred ball mill. It has been found that the mill operates most efficiently at low stirring speeds and high pulp densities, as long as the viscosity is controlled within limits. The use of grinding aids reduced the energy consumption significantly, which may be attributed to a reduction in slurry viscosity.
Inverse scattering for rotationally scanned optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography of luminal structures, such as for intravascular or gastrointestinal imaging, is performed by using a fiber-optic catheter as a beam-delivery probe. The interrogating beam is scanned angularly by rotating the fiber around a fixed central axis. Because the beam is focused only at a fixed distance from the center of the fiber, only scatterers near this distance are resolved. We present a solution of the inverse scattering problem that provides an estimate of the susceptibility of the sample for an angularly scanned Gaussian beam focused at a fixed distance from the origin. This solution provides quantitatively meaningful reconstructions while also extending the volume of the sample that is resolvable by the instrument.
Optical data processing for advanced missile guidance needs

The rea l t ime and p a r a l l e l p r o c e s s i n g advant a g e s of o p t i c a l p a t t e r n r e c o g n i t i o n sys tems , coupled w i t h t h e i r l o s t c o s t , s i z e and weight make such systems a t t r a c t i v e c a n d i d a t e s f o r advanced autonomous rea l t ime m i s s i l e guidance a p p l i c a t i o n s . A b r i e f review of many of t h e r e c e n t advances t h a t have occur red i n o p t i c a l p a t t e r n r e c o g n i t i o n a r e p resen ted . These in c lude advances i n components and an i n c r e a s e d f l e x i b i l i t y i n t h e r e p e r t o i r e of o p t i c a l p a t t e r n r e c o g n i t i o n t e c h n i q u e s , sys tem a r c h i t e c t u r e s , and o p e r a t i o n s a c h i e v a b l e .
PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN EVOLUTION UNDER VARYING REDOX CONDITIONS: NEW EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL RESULTS

— The oxygen yield per flash of Chlorella in the presence of redox components such as benzo-quinone, hydroquinone, Fe(CN)B- and IrC12-- has been studied in an atmosphere of 10ppm 02. When oxidants are added to the cells, the familiar Joliot-Kok oscillations with maximum yield on the third flash and periodicity four are observed. As hydroquinone is progressively added, the oscillations fade out and the steady state decreases. The pattern of O2 evolution approaches a monotonic climb to the steady state with no obvious oscillatory behavior. A novel method for analyzing this data has been developed. A simple fourth order linear difference equation with constant coefficients is presented. This equation is capable of describing the systematic transition from oscillatory to monotonic O2 yield.
Porous Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Electrolytes for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

A family of porous silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes containing surface propanesulfonic acid groups or polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSS) chains for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is described. Porous silica-propanesulfonic acid (porous silica-PS) has higher proton conductivity than the primary porous silica, but still has limited operating temperature (<100°C) and low water uptake at 130°C. Porous silica-polystyrenesulfonic acid (porous silica-PSS) has high proton conductivity, large water uptake, and improved operating temperature, which are influenced by the proton density on the inner surface of nanopores. A maximum conductivity of 0.05 S cm -1 is achieved at a relative humidity of 40% and a temperature of 150°C for porous silica-PSS with a surface proton density of 15.2 nm -2 . The porous silica-PSS-based fuel cell has good cell performance at 130°C.
Pulmonary Aspergilloma Diagnosed by Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

We report a patient with pulmonary aspergilloma in whom the mycetoma was visualized and biopsied during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pulmonary aspergilloma diagnosed in this manner.
Robust classification of signal estimates given a channel model

In many signal processing applications, a signal to be classified has been corrupted by a channel and additive noise. A standard approach is to estimate the clean signal, then classify it. We consider two robust approaches that account for the estimation procedure. The first approach is an application of the MAP rule for noisy features, and the second is an approach for discriminative classifiers that treats that training points as random. An experiment confirms that the robust approaches offer performance gains.
Flexible electrowetting and electrowetting on flexible substrates

Electrowetting (EW) technology is shown to be quite flexible in operation and able to operate on flexible substrates. Complementary ON/OFF characteristics of EW devices have been obtained through a plasma irradiation and annealing process. This enables the design of EW array operation in a reduced power mode. Examples of EW operation on flexible substrates are discussed. This includes paper, plastic and metal substrates. Prototypes of flexible EW arrays on plastic substrates are demonstrated to switch reversibly by applying a low voltage difference (20 V). The array operation is maintained even when the display is mechanically flexed. These results indicate the promise of flexible EW devices for mobile and other devices, including video rate flexible e-paper.
An Experiment on Impulse Excitation

There is described an oscillographic investigation of the current produced in an oscillatory circuit by a brief rectangular pulse of emf. directly introduced into the circuit. The pulse length is regulable. It is found that a pulse having a duration of one-half the natural period of the circuit produces the maximum disturbance. The bearing of the results on the effects of strays in reception is discussed. The behavior of "infinite impedance" loop circuits when subjected to pulse excitation is studied, and it is found that for pulses their filtering action is much reduced.
Clinical implementation of a multislice high spectral and spatial resolution-based MRI sequence to achieve unilateral full-breast coverage.

Abstract High-resolution, single-slice, high spatial and spectral resolution (HiSS) breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides improved lesion conspicuity, margin definition and internal definition, as compared to conventional clinical MRI — and thus may provide better lesion characterization and increase breast MRI specificity. Volumetric HiSS imaging is highly desirable, but was considered to be time-prohibitive. Specifically, the concern was that faster acquisition times — necessitating a lower spectral resolution — could compromise established advantages of HiSS imaging. In this pilot study, we demonstrate for the first time a fast, clinically practical, HiSS-based sequence that achieves full unilateral breast coverage, while preserving essential qualities of full-spectral resolution HiSS imaging. We imaged five patients of varying breast sizes at 1.5 T, with HiSS acquisitions performed after the standard clinical protocol, and lasting an average of 8.5 min. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of HiSS data were constructed and compared to MIPs of conventional clinical images. Single-slice images through three lesions were also compared. HiSS images achieved better fat suppression than the clinical fat-saturated sequence (fat signal SNR was reduced by 50% in HiSS images) as well as increased conspicuity, as assessed qualitatively by an experienced radiologist. Thus, we show that volumetric HiSS imaging can conserve the advantages of single-slice HiSS imaging and that further technical development of volumetric HiSS is desirable.
Synthesis and characterization of monomers and polymers for adhesives from methyl oleate

The focus of this work is to synthesize a monomer from a fatty acid methyl ester capable of forming high molecular weight polymers. The mono-unsaturation in the starting material, methyl oleate, was first epoxidized using a peroxy acid. This intermediate material was further modified using acrylic acid. The acrylated molecule is able to participate in free-radical polymerization reactions to form high molecular weight polymers. The rate of polymerization was low because of the long aliphatic structure of the monomer. It is hypothesized that the polymerization reaction occurred in the interface between the particle and water, thereby slowing down the reaction. After 18 h of reaction, a monomer conversion of approximately 91% was achieved. A maximum weight-average molecular weight of approximately 106 g/mol was observed after 14 h of reaction. At early reaction times linear polymers were formed. However, as the reaction time increased, the amount of branching that occurred on the polymer molecule increased, as indicated by gel permeation chromatography and light scattering. This has been attributed to chain transfer to polymer via hydrogen abstraction from a tertiary backbone C–H bond. The resulting polymer may be of considerable interest for pressure-sensitive adhesive applications. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 451–458, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10130
Celebrating Thirty Years of the JLSP: Analyses and Prospects

The Journal of Language and Social Psychology has been publishing articles for 30 years. In this article, three different kinds of analyses (viz., content codings, word clouds, and a textual procedure) examining trends over and between the three decades are reported. Drawing on these, future directions for the journal and the field in general are anticipated and proposed.
Excessive Uterine Bleeding: Antigonad Effect of Prolactin

In june, 1937, the writer began clinical investigation of the effects of prolactin when administered during phases of excessive uterine bleeding. Thirty-five cases were reported in 1938 (1). During the clinical investigation of the effects of the lactogenic hormone on phases of excessive uterine bleeding, several preparations of prolactin have been used.1 Information has been received from Lyons (2) that none of these has been pure lactogenic hormone. The prolactin used in the current series however, is sufficiently pure and potent to be used effectively for controlling excessive uterine bleeding, and the following report seems to justify its wider usage for this purpose. In every case in which there was no pathological condition such as fibromyomata, intrauterine papillomata, or persistent thick-walled cysts, the lactogenic hormone therapy was satisfactory. Cessation of excessive bleeding in cases of fibromyomata has been obtained in variable percentages in each series of patients.
Full Breastfeeding Duration and Associated Decrease in Respiratory Tract Infection in US Children

OBJECTIVE. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for an infant9s first 6 months of life. When compared with exclusive breastfeeding for 4 months, greater protection against gastrointestinal infection, but not respiratory tract infection, has been demonstrated for the 6-month duration. The objective of this study was to ascertain if full breastfeeding of ≥6 months compared with 4 to METHODS. Secondary analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, a nationally representative cross-sectional home survey conducted from 1988 to 1994, was performed. Data from 2277 children aged 6 to RESULTS. In unadjusted analyses, infants who were fully breastfed for 4 to n = 223) were at greater risk for pneumonia than those who were fully breastfed for ≥6 months ( n = 136) (6.5% vs 1.6%). There were not statistically significant differences in ≥3 episodes of cold/influenza (45% vs 41%), wheezing (23% vs 24%), ≥3 episodes of OM (27% vs 20%), or first OM at CONCLUSIONS. This nationally representative study documents increased risk of respiratory tract infection including pneumonia and recurrent OM in children who were fully breastfed for 4 vs 6 months. These findings support current recommendations that infants receive only breast milk for the first 6 months of life.
Going the Distance: An Interdisciplinary Seminar Series on a University Campus in Support of Training for Recreational Distance Running

An interdisciplinary campus based program is described in which information and support were offered to assist university community members in receiving the physical and mental training necessary to complete a distance running event. Forty-two individuals participated in the program for a five-month period before and immediately following the race. Program evaluations were administered after each seminar session and qualitative comments were also collected. Evaluation data supported the program’s value in boosting confidence and increasing knowledge in support of participants’ quest to successfully complete the event. Recommendations were offered on how to develop similar programs in similar settings.
The pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.

As the recognition of paediatric and adolescent anxiety disorders improves, so does the number of recommended treatments. Newer medications (chiefly serotonergic antidepressants) have emerged as the pharmacological treatment of choice and have largely replaced benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) for these disorders. This review will focus on placebo-controlled and open-label studies concerning the treatment of anxiety in children and adolescents, comparing data from newer antidepressant medications (plus buspirone) with data on TCAs and benzodiazepines in this population. There are few randomised, placebo-controlled trials of medications for anxiety in children and adolescents, with most data coming from open-label trials and case series. Moreover, there are no studies comparing pharmacological versus behavioural treatments. Most recent data concerning the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggests that these agents will be effective and safe in the treatment of paediatr...
A Cyclic Robot for Lower Limb Exercise

This paper presents the design and simulation of a cyclic robot for lower-limb exercise robots. The robot is designed specifically for cyclic motions and the high power nature of lower-limb interaction—as such, it breaks from traditional robotics wisdom by intentionally traveling through singularities and incorporating large inertia. Such attributes lead to explicit design considerations. Results from a simulation show that the specific design requires only a reasonably sized damper and motor. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004648]
Magnesium-Dependent stimulation of protein synthesis by the insulin mimic, pervanadate

The insulin mimic, peroxide of vanadate (pervanadate), stimulated 35S-methionine incorporation into Xenopus oocyte protein in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Reducing the extracellular Mg2+ concentration from 1.0 to 0.1 mM decreased the pervanadate-stimulated component of incorporation by 35%; with 0.01 mM Mg2+ or lower, the pervanadate-stimulated component was abolished. In addition, reducing extracellular Mg2+ to 0.01 mM inhibited about 50% of the insulin-stimulated component of methionine incorporation. Mg2+ depletion had no effects on incorporation in controls or when protein synthesis was stimulated by Zn2+ or bovine growth hormone. Thus, not all substances that stimulated protein synthesis showed a dependence on extracellular Mg2+. Reducing extracellular Ca2+ had no effects on methionine incorporation in control cells or in cells stimulated by pervanadate or insulin. When oocytes maintained in a paraffin oil medium were brought into contact with a 0.5 microliter droplet of buffer containing the Mg2+ indicator dye, mag-fura-2, and pervanadate, apparent droplet Mg2+ decreased rapidly, indicating net uptake by the cells. Insulin also caused a net uptake of Mg2+. In contrast, apparent extracellular Mg2+ was constant when cells were in contact with droplets containing no effectors. Together, these data indicate that extracellular Mg2+, but not Ca2+, is involved in the stimulation of protein synthesis by pervanadate, and to a lesser extent by insulin. Pervanadate appears to induce a net uptake of Mg2+, and this change in membrane transport may be an early event in signalling the increase in translation.
Perturbation formulation for nearly-degenerate microstrip dipole eigenmodes

System eigenmodes of N-coupled, nearly degenerate microstrip dipoles are investigated through a singularity-expansion-based perturbation formulation. This method is based on integral-operator techniques employing rigorous dyadic Green's functions for the layered microstrip environment. Mutual coupling between microstrip antennas has been previously accounted for by full-wave formulations, and similar full-wave methods provide a comparison to this approximate formulation. System eigenmodes are found to form symmetry states about the isolated dipole eigenmode. The special case of N=2 coupled dipoles results in symmetric/antisymmetric coupling, which can be separated analytically. >
Mode I delamination of a three-dimensional fabric composite

Finite-element analysis was conducted on a double-cantilever-beam (DCB) specimen of carbon-epoxy (T300/3501-6) orthogonal interlocked fabric composites. The mode I strain-energy release rate G(I) was evaluated to investigate the influence of through-the-thickness (z-axis) fibers on crack driving force as a function of crack length. The analysis showed good agreement with experimental results for both compliance and G(I). The presence of z-axis fibers sharply reduced G(I) in comparison to the traditional two-dimensional laminated material. A parametric study revealed that increasing the z-axis fiber stiffness reduces G(I). Progressive debonding of the z-axis reinforcement was also modeled. G(I) increased as the fiber debonded but was significantly less than in the two-dimensional laminated material in all cases.
Influence of the RRR of Niobium on the RF Properties of Superconducting Cavities

The maximum accelerating field achievable in a superconducting niobium cavity is directly related to the thermal conductivity of the material, the Kapitza conductance between the niobium and the superfluid helium bath and the exponential behavior of the surface resistance with temperature. It is here highlighted that the RRR, an intrinsic physical measure which is related to the amount of impurities in the bulk, might affect these three parameters and hence the quench field. A new way of improving the niobium RRR by heat treatment is discussed as well as its impact on actual superconducting cavities.
Using Multilevel Modeling in Counseling Research

This conceptual and practical overview of multilevel modeling (MLM) for researchers in counseling and development provides guidelines on setting up SPSS to perform MLM and an example of how to pres...
A multi-chip module for hand-held digital cellular mobile telephone

The design of a dedicated multichip module (MCM) for hand-held digital cellular telephones is presented. It uses the silicon-on-silicon, flip-chip MCM technology. The MCM contains one gallium arsenide and seven CMOS VLSI chips and performs receive front-ending, all baseband signal processing, and system control functions. High frequency effects are briefly discussed. >
Commentary---Defensive Marketing Strategies

For every new product and service entrant, there are usually many incumbents who must defend their positions in the market. Hence, defensive strategy is as least as critical as new-product strategy. Our 1983 article argued that defensive strategy critically depends on the distribution of buyer preferences and the position of the new entrant relative to the position of the incumbent in a multidimensional attribute space. Since the appearance of our 1983 article in Marketing Science, research in defensive strategy has progressed in both prescriptive and descriptive directions. Subsequent research on defensive strategy has also addressed empirical, methodological, theoretical, and substantive issues. Today, defensive strategy is more important than ever, with shorter new-product life cycles, persistent service innovation, remarkable technological change, global competition, and the invention of new channels of distributions.
The structure of ownership and corporate acquisition strategies

In this study, we examine in an agency-theoretic context the influence of executive equity stakes upon corporate strategy and firm value. We argue that beneficial, risk-increasing corporate strategies may initially be emphasized but non-value-maximizing, risk-reducing strategies may subsequently be emphasized as managers expand their stock ownership. We alternatively contend that stock options may have a consistently positive impact on firm risk taking and acquisition returns. The empirical findings are supportive of our expectations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using molecular markers and field performance data to characterize the Pee Dee cotton germplasm resources.

Knowledge of genetic relationships in crop breeding programs provides valuable information that can be used by plant breeders as a parental line selection tool. In Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the Pee Dee germplasm program represents one of the most historically significant Upland cotton breeding programs and is known as a key source of fiber quality genes for commercial cultivars. The foundation of the Pee Dee germplasm is known to represent an array of genetic diversity involving the hybridization of G. hirsutum L., G. barbadense L., and triple hybrid strains (G. arboreum L. × G. thurberi Todaro × G. hirsutum L.). In this study, we characterized genetic relationships within the Pee Dee germplasm collection using molecular marker and field performance data. Molecular marker and field performance data showed the Pee Dee germplasm collection still maintains useful amounts of genetic diversity. The methods described provide plant breeders of cotton and other crops a strategy to develop a parental line selection tool based on genotypic and phenotypic information. Cotton breeders can directly use the information provided to select specific Pee Dee germplasm parental line combinations based on genotypic (molecular marker) and phenotypic (field performance) information rather than relying on pedigree and phenotypic information alone.
MATLAB for Signal Processing on Multiprocessors and Multicores

MATLAB is a popular choice for algorithm development in signal and image processing. While traditionally done using sequential MATLAB running on desktop systems, in recent years there has been a surge of interest in running MATLAB in parallel to take advantage of multiprocessor and multicore systems. In this article, we discuss three variations of multiprocessor parallel MATLAB, two of which are available as commercial, supported products. We also consider running MATLAB with key computations speeded up using multithreaded computations on multicore general-purpose graphical processing units (GPGPUs). Two signal processing kernels (fast Fourier transform (FFT) and convolution) and two full applications [synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and superconducting quantum interference devices (SQIF)] are used to illustrate the use of parallel MATLAB.
AC LOSS IN STRIPED (FILAMENTARY) YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS LEADING TO DESIGNS FOR HIGH FREQUENCIES AND FIELD-SWEEP AMPLITUDES

AC losses of YBCO coated conductors are investigated by calculation and experiment for the higher frequency regime. Previous research using YBCO film deposited onto single-crystal substrates demonstrated the effectiveness of 'striping' or filamentary subdivision as a technique for AC loss reduction. As a result of these studies the idea of subdividing YBCO 'coated conductors' (YBCO, overlayer, and even underlayer) into such stripes suggested itself. The suggestion was implemented by burning grooves into samples of coated conductor using laser micromachining. Various machining parameters were investigated, and the striping and slicing characteristics are presented. Loss measurements were performed on unstriped as well as striped samples by the pick-up coil technique at frequencies from 50 to 200 Hz at field sweep amplitudes of up to 150 mT. The effect of soft ferromagnetic Fe shielding was also investigated. The results of the experiments form a starting point for a more general study of reduced-loss coated conductor design (including hysteretic, coupling, normal eddy current, and transport losses) projected into higher ranges of frequency and field-sweep amplitude with transformer and all-cryogenic-motor/generator applications in mind.
Singular filtering problems

Abstract The problem of continuous time steady state linear filtering for autonomous models is considered, when certain linear combinations of the components of the observation process are observed free of noise. This problem is singular as a problem in the calculus of variations. A generalized eigenvalue problem associated with the dual control problem is shown to determine the limiting error covariance matrix for a sequence of non-singular filtering problems with models approaching the singular problem. Further the set of filtering costates is shown to split into two sets. On one of these sets, S1, the filter has feedback structure and a regular covariance, while on the other, S2, the error covariance is zero but with an associated time constant of zero, in the costate direction. The subspace S2 consists of costates with estimators which either feed forward or differentiate the observations. The error covariance for the singular filtering is shown to be the maximal solution of an appropriate linear matrix inequality.
A Kantian Responds to Santayana

In this paper, I have argued that whatever might be said about his attack on other German philosophers, Santayana’s attack on Kant, despite its subtlety, its force and its intelligence, is fundamentally misguided. Teasing out where Santayana’s attack rests on misunderstandings of Kant’s philosophy is a useful exercise: it is useful for Kantians, for it gives us a chance to show Kant at his best; it is useful for Santayana scholars, for it reminds us that Santayana, for all his brilliance, was not infallible; and it is useful more generally, for the mistakes Santayana makes about Kant are, perhaps in part because of Santayana’s well-deservedly wide influence, still prevalent today.
Estimating the New Keynesian Phillips Curve Using Expected Inflation from Financial Market Instruments

We estimate the New Keynesian Phillips Curve for the USA from 1997 to 2017 using expected inflation from financial instruments. We use a spliced series with two sources: TIPS spread and inflation swaps. Our empirical tests find higher coefficients on backward-looking inflation than forward-looking inflation. This supports the hybrid version of the NKPC. We find positive, significant coefficients on the marginal cost proxy using ordinary least squares estimation but zero coefficients using GMM estimation. This gives mixed results for the role of real economic variables in the determination of inflation.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES FOR SCHOOL MATHEMATICS IN BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA IN CONNECTION WITH THE CREATION OF THE MODERN STATE

This aim of this article is to create a comparison between the educational practices used to teach mathematics in schools in Brazil and Argentina. The methodology used in this study was Comparative Research in Education (CRE), based on comparative studies already conducted between Brazil and Portugal by the Mathematics Education History Research Group (Grupo de Pesquisa Historia da Educacao Matematica - GHEMAT). The central discussion in this paper is the historical construction of mathematics education in school (in Brazil and Argentina) and attempts to denaturalize school mathematics. In this work, we argue that political changes, i.e., the construction of the “Modern State” with its bureaucratic bias, have contributed to the creation of a specific type of mathematics: “Modern Mathematics.” During the colonial period, under the Jesuit aegis, there was no requirement for a high degree of specialization in school mathematics in Brazil and Argentina. The Modern State, represented in an elucidative manner by the French Revolution and the English Revolution, allowed the instruction to expand beyond the need for mathematics with a higher degree of specialization. In Brazil and Argentina, a particular form of state began to appear in the 1960s: The Modern, Bureaucratic and Authoritarian State, which was closely tied to a form of mathematics proposed by the Bourbaki group; a form of mathematics that concerned unity in itself with alleged neutrality and little social perspective.
Infrared Laser Ablation Sample Transfer for MALDI Imaging

An infrared laser was used to ablate material from tissue sections under ambient conditions for direct collection on a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) target. A 10 μm thick tissue sample was placed on a microscope slide and was mounted tissue-side down between 70 and 450 μm from a second microscope slide. The two slides were mounted on a translation stage, and the tissue was scanned in two dimensions under a focused mid-infrared (IR) laser beam to transfer material to the target slide via ablation. After the material was transferred to the target slide, it was analyzed using MALDI imaging using a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Images were obtained from peptide standards for initial optimization of the system and from mouse brain tissue sections using deposition either onto a matrix precoated target or with matrix addition after sample transfer and compared with those from standard MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. The spatial resolution of the transferred material is approximately 400 μm. Laser ablation sample transfer provides several new capabilities not possible with conventional MALDI imaging including (1) ambient sampling for MALDI imaging, (2) area to spot concentration of ablated material, (3) collection of material for multiple imaging analyses, and (4) direct collection onto nanostructure assisted laser desorption ionization (NALDI) targets without blotting or ultrathin sections.
Are Fish Wildlife

AbstractThis essay argues that mainstream, primarily white, America has historically not valued common fish in the same ways as other more charismatic species, particularly land and sea mammals. Th...
Pepducins and Other Lipidated Peptides as Mechanistic Probes and Therapeutics

Lipopeptides based on the intracellular loops of cell-surface receptors, known as "Pepducins," represent a promising new class of compounds used for the study of membrane proteins and as potential therapeutics in a variety of diseases. Detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and delineation of the mechanisms of pepducin activation and biased G-protein signaling has facilitated the development of even more potent pepducin allosteric modulators.
Beyond I-Got-Mine-Jack Health Care

The “Aha!” moments come fast and frequent about all that’s wrong with our health care system – higher costs and worse outcomes than comparable Western democracies, mounting personal bankruptcies following illness, and the drain that health care costs pose for small businesses and the overall economy. But my most recent came when I realized that Emma, my 16-year old cat, was getting better health care than Emily, my 40-year old housecleaner. This short commentary, published by several newspapers and blogs, tells the harrowing story of a single mother's failed encounter with the health care system, and why "I Got Mine, Jack" cannot remain the American approach to reform. It urges those who warn that health care reform will lead to rationing not to forsake the victims of the rationing we already have.
Line Mixing and Speed Dependence in CO2 at 1.6 µm

To enable column CO2 measurements from space by OCO, ~0.3% precisions for intensities and air-broadening parameters are required for near-IR CO2 bands. Preliminary FTS laboratory measurements at 6350 cm−1 using non-Voigt line profiles are described.
The Twisting Paths of Recall: Khipu (Andean cord notation) as artifact

Khipu, the cord- and knot-based Andean information medium, had a one-century heyday (15th century – 1532 CE) as the administrative script of the Inka empire. Before and after this period, however, the cord medium underwent a varied evolution, including the development of material attributes different from Inka norms. In this chapter, I review innovative recent work on the material-meaningful nexus in Inka khipu, and then suggest how other studies — both archaeological and ethnographic — further clarify our notions of khipus’ ‘inscribed object-world’. The best-understood property of Inka khipus is the use of knots to register numbers and calculations in decimal registry. However, knotted arithmetic falls far short of explaining all the physical attributes of khipus, such as many-stranded and multicolored cords of varied structure, attached tufts and bulbs, and knotting arrays that defy the decimal structure. Archaeologically, elaborate khipus are known to have predated the Inka format by at least a half-millennium. Such pre-Inka khipu were less knotted than Inka ones, but more colorful and perhaps more aesthetically driven. Khipus also continued to be made well into the 20th century CE, and have been ethnographically studied. Studies of khipu in communities that used cords for herding or as media for internal administration also point to properties other above and beyond knotability. Foci of the present essay include the fact that this eminently flexible medium exists in different physical states during its use cycle; that its composition by physically discrete parts lends it to use as a simulation device as opposed to text-fixing device; that its physical mode of articulating parts tends toward diagrammatic representation of data hierarchies, rather than sentential syntax; and that the act of ‘reading’ was physically distributed among cord-handlers, calculators, and interpreters, implying that there was no such actor as the unitary reader. Without denying that there were established practices for verbalizing khipu content, I suggest that Tufte’s notion of “data graphic” may be more faithful to khipu practice than models premised on ‘writing proper’.
Differential diagnosis and pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus

Differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus has been discussed in this paper in terms of pathophysiological aspects. Three points are emphasized: (1) we should include dipsogenic D.I. as one form of diabetes insipidus; (2) the water deprivation test is inconclusive in approximately 25% of patients, where the main difficulty is to distinguish between partial neurogenic D.I. and dipsogenic D.I.; and (3) this difficulty cannot be solved by a single determination of plasma vasopressin. Pathophysiology of inherited neurogenic D.I. and nephrogenic D.I. are also discussed.
Translating crustacean biological responses from CO2 bubbling experiments into population-level predictions

Many studies of animal responses to ocean acidification focus on uniformly conditioned age cohorts that lack complexities typically found in wild populations. These studies have become the primary data source for predicting higher level ecological effects, but the roles of intraspecific interactions in re-shaping biological, demographic and evolutionary responses are not commonly considered. To explore this problem, I assessed responses in the mysid Americamysis bahia to bubbling of CO2-enriched and un-enriched air into the seawater supply in flow-through aquariums. I conducted one experiment using isolated age cohorts and a separate experiment using intact populations. The seawater supply was continuously input from Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA). The 28-day cohort study was maintained without resource or spatial limitations, whereas the 5-month population study consisted of stage-structured populations that were allowed to self-regulate. These differences are common features of experiments and were intentionally retained to demonstrate the effect of methodological approaches on perceptions of effect mechanisms. The CO2 treatment reduced neonate abundance in the cohort experiment (24% reduction due to a mean pH difference of −0.27) but not in the population experiment, where effects were small and were strongest for adult and stage 1 survival (3% change due to a mean pH difference of −0.25). I also found evidence of competition in the population experiment, further complicating relationships with cohort experiments. These results point to limitations of standard cohort tests. Such experiments should be complimented by studies of intact populations where responses may be affected by evolution, acclimation, and competition.
Gifted education in India

AbstractIn the backdrop of India’s growing population of 1.21 billion people with diverse, multicultural and multilingual backgrounds, gifted education is yet to be part of a formal educational policy in the country. Research on giftedness in India spans across 50 years, but lacks systematic and empirical grounding. The term “gifted” in the Indian context has not been used till very recently and most Indian studies have focused on creativity. Talented children in India are recognized at both homes and schools but formal identification and nurture of giftedness is sporadic and mostly dependent whether the child has been selected for gifted programs which are far and few. The lack of adequate information and database about programs, policies, practices, and outcomes in gifted education in India make it impossible for accurate review. Through the article, the author attempts to provide an insight about India’s views on gifted education and giftedness, the challenges it faces in introducing gifted education a...
Pathologic Findings of Breast Lesions Detected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Context.— Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now used routinely for high-risk screening and in the evaluation of the extent of disease in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Morphologic characteristics and the kinetic pattern largely determine how suspicious a breast lesion is on MRI. Because of its high sensitivity, MRI identifies a large number of suspicious lesions. However, the low to moderate specificity and the additional cost have raised questions regarding its frequent use. Objectives.— To identify the pathologic entities that frequently present as suspicious enhancing lesions and to identify specific MRI characteristics that may be predictive of malignancy. Design.— One hundred seventy-seven MRI-guided biopsies from 152 patients were included in the study. The indication for MRI, MRI features, pathologic findings, and patient demographics were recorded. The MRI findings and the pathology slides were reviewed by a dedicated breast radiologist and breast pathologists. Results.— Seventy-...
Material Signature of Human Behavior: Framing a Hunter-Gatherer AGP Agenda

This chapter suggests methods for using small-scale material from hunter-gatherer (h/g) sites and explicitly focusing on human behavioral information ascertainable from archaeological geophysics (AGP) data. It also attacks the short-sighted orthodoxy of inevitable ground-verification as a potentially destructive exercise. It argues that we can learn how better to identify human behavior from material visible in AGP data if make the necessary efforts.
Detecting Opioid Users from Twitter and Understanding Their Perceptions Toward MAT

Opioid (e.g., heroin and morphine) addiction has become one of the largest and deadliest epidemics in the United States. To combat such deadly epidemic, there is an urgent need for novel tools and methodologies to gain new insights into the behavioral processes of opioid addiction and treatment. In this paper, we design and develop an intelligent system named iOPU to automate the detection of opioid users from Twitter. In iOPU, to model the users and posted tweets as well as their rich relationships, we first introduce a structured heterogeneous information network (HIN) for representation. Then we use meta-graph based approach to characterize the semantic relatedness over users. Afterwards, we integrate content-based similarity (i.e., similarity of users' posted tweets) and relatedness depicted by each meta-graph to formulate a similarity measure over users. Further we build a classifier combining different similarities based on different meta-graphs to make predictions. Comprehensive experiments on real sample collections from Twitter are conducted to validate the effectiveness of our developed system iOPU in opioid user detection by comparisons with other baseline methods. The results also demonstrate that knowledge from daily-life social media data mining could promote the practice of Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) in opioid addiction.
Forensic Analysis of Faulted NSTX-U Inner Poloidal Field Coil

The failure of the NSTX-U PF1A upper coil suspended plasma operations during the project's first operational campaign after commissioning. Initial nondestructive testing and examination of the failed coil was followed by extensive nondestructive radiography. Destructive testing facilitated visual borescope/videoscope inspection through the cooling path, vacuum testing, and electrical testing of every conductor segment. One conductor cooling path visually evidenced a void through the sidewall of the cooling path in a layer-to-layer region. The identified void in the conductor cooling path was not proximal to a braze or joggle. Electrical testing indicated that the voided conductor segment was a member of a group of 14 conductor segments that evidenced low-resistance connectivity. Four braze joints and two lead segments were subjected to 400-lbf/in2 hydrostatic pressure testing followed by helium leak testing and evidenced that there were no detectable leaks in the tested cooling path segments. The faulted region was proximal to the center of the coil pack and evidenced historical electrical pitting and molten conductor debris. Samples of the epoxy resin insulation system were extracted and analyzed with dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Epoxy resin insulation samples were subjected to immersion testing per ASTM D570. Metallurgical samples were extracted from the coil pack conductors and subjected to hardness testing and grain structure analysis. The base material testing results indicated no abnormalities. The coil incipient failure was determined to most likely have resulted from conductive material located between conductor and insulation layers.
The Role of Surface CD4 in HIV-Induced Apoptosis

The decline in CD4+ T lymphocytes is one of the hallmarks of HIV infection (Levy, 1993; Rosenberg and Fauci,1991; Stein et al.,1992). A number of studies have found that the level of virus replication in asymptomatic infection is greater than previously thought and HIV may directly account for a significant proportion of the CD4+ T cell depletion seen in AIDS (Embretson et al., 1993; Pantaleo et al. 1993; Piatak et al.,1993; Scadden et al., 1992). HIV-induced apoptosis may be an important contributor to this depletion. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how HIV-1 infection may lead to apoptotic cell death (Ameisen and Capron,1991; Banda et al.,1992; Gougeon et al., 1993a; Groux et al., 1992; Laurent-Crawford et al., 1991; Meyaard et al., 1992; Terai et al., 1991); however, some uncertainty remains concerning the conditions that trigger this process and if the target cells needs to be HIV-infected (Ameisen, 1992; Cohen, 1993; Gougeon et al., 1993b; Gougeon and Montagnier, 1993; Weiss, 1993).
Altered gastrin regulation in mice infected with Helicobacter felis

Altered gastrin expression associated with Helicobacter pylori infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer in man, but gastrin has not been investigated in a murine model of Helicobacter infection. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with Helicobacter felis and examined after 4-21 weeks for G and D cell numbers, antral gastrin and somatostatin mRNA, and luminal pH. In H. felis-infected mice, gastrin mRNA declined at four and six weeks after infection to 57% and 23%, respectively, of uninfected control values. Concurrently, somatostatin mRNA showed no change at four weeks and a modest 25% decrease at six weeks after infection. Similar reductions were noted in G and D cell numbers, resulting in a decrease in the G/D cell ratio after mice were infected with H. felis. Infected animals also showed a loss of parietal and chief cells, and an increased gastric pH. H. felis infection in C57BL/6 mice leads to an early suppression of G cell number and gastrin mRNA. These changes precede an alteration in somatostatin cell number and mRNA and, coupled with reductions in parietal and chief cells, may contribute both to severe impairment of gastric acid output and the potential for carcinogenic processes.
Hearing Sex at the Cocktail Party: Biased Sex Ratios Influence Vocal Attractiveness

Visual exposure to unbalanced sex ratios influences perceived facial attractiveness for opposite-sex faces. When opposite-sex faces are scarce they are rated as more attractive than when they are p...
Food and Nutrition Care in Long-Term Care Facilities: Examining the Perspectives of Frontline Workers.

Malnutrition in older adults residing in long-term care facilities continues to be a problem in the United States. Existing research has identified a list of possible contributing factors, including staffing problems. Few studies on food and nutrition care have attempted to gain the perspectives of nursing or dietary aides (henceforth, aides), the frontline staff who work most closely with the residents of long-term care facilities. The current study takes a qualitative approach grounded in a theoretical perspective based on Total Quality Management (TQM) to increase understanding of the interpersonal and management practices that affect resident wellbeing, health, and nutrition. Four focus groups (n = 24) were conducted with aides working in long-term care facilities. Aides expressed emotional closeness with residents and provided detailed knowledge about food and nutrition care. They reported both compassion fatigue and satisfaction. An element of dissatisfaction related to aide relationships with management and other employees who did not actively solicit their perspectives and knowledge on resident feeding. The knowledge and experience of aides could be better utilized by shifting management strategies to focus on employee empowerment and training. Principles of TQM could be applied to improve food and nutrition care in long-term care facilities.