cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Latent Deprivation Perspective: Mechanisms Linking Volunteering to Mental Health in Later Life:

This study tests the hypothesis that the latent deprivation model (LDM) can be extended to volunteer work, by exploring the extent to which two potential latent benefits of volunteer work-purpose in life and perceived social status-mediate the negative relationship between volunteerism and mental health (measured as depressive symptoms). Structural equation modeling with the full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) was adopted to model a sample of 5887 respondents from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The outcome was depressive symptoms; the independent variable was volunteering; and the mediators were "purpose in life" and "perceived social status." Findings show that purpose in life and perceived social status partially mediated the relationship between volunteering and depressive symptoms, with purpose in life having a more substantial effect than perceived social status. Implications for future research and practice are also discussed.
Non-accidental trauma presenting with nasal septal hematoma or abscess.

Abstract Objectives Failure to diagnose non-accidental trauma (NAT) leaves the victim at risk of further injury or even death. It is incumbent upon physicians and other health care personnel to identify trauma patterns that have a high likelihood of being caused by NAT. The objective of this study is to discuss the presentation of nasal septal hematoma (NSH) or nasal septal abscess (NSA) as a sign of NAT. Methods This is a retrospective case series of patients presenting with nasal septal hematoma or abscess between 2010 and 2019. The primary endpoint was the etiology of the injury. Secondary endpoints included demographics, concomitant injuries and treatments rendered. Results There were 28 patients who presented with septal hematoma or abscess. The etiologies included 20 (71.4%) due to accidental trauma, four (13.8%) with NAT, one infectious, and three unknown. All four NAT patients were male and infants with an average age of 5.4 months (SD 4.6) significantly (p = 0.0069) younger than 10.3 years (SD 5.1) in the accidental trauma group. There was a delayed time to presentation for the NAT patients compared to other etiologies. Two of four NAT patients were initially thought to have a congenital midline nasal dermoid, yet surgical intervention revealed a hematoma. Further NAT evaluation noted concomitant injuries including rib fractures and intracranial injuries in 75% of the NAT patients. Conclusions Presentation of a child with NSH/NSA prior to the onset of ambulation or with a delayed time to presentation should prompt suspicion and further workup for NAT.
Digital public sphere and Palestine-Israel conflict: A conceptual analysis of news coverage

The news coverage of conflicts has transformed with the introduction of digital media and social media platforms. The available literature on media coverage of Palestine-Israel conflict is mainly focused on traditional news coverage or social media dimension of the conflict information. There exists a literature gap on social media coverage of Palestine-Israel conflict by the traditional news organizations. This study explores the changing pattern of traditional media’s coverage of the longstanding conflict in the wake of new communication technologies through appraisal of the existing literature. The analysis revealed that the traditional news organizations have adopted social networking platforms as a business model to cover the Palestine-Israel conflict. It was found that the traditional news outlets use the new media because it is cost-effective and have instantaneous outreach to maximum number of netizens. The new tools of communication offer multimedia platforms where conflict-related text, videos and images can be posted simultaneously. The study proposes to conduct future research on media-conflict relationship by focusing the use of new communication tools by the traditional media
Rapid water level rise drives unprecedented coastal habitat loss along the Great Lakes of North America

Abstract Lake Michigan rose to record high water levels in the 2010s; during this time, some coastal sites experienced habitat loss rates an order of magnitude higher than during previous high water periods throughout the 20th century. The high magnitude and rapid rate of rise observed during the 2012–2020 period in combination with a slight increase in the percentage of storm waves likely accelerated habitat loss rates beyond levels that were observed over the past century. Our data suggest that rapid and relatively large changes from low water levels to high water levels are the main driver of large erosional losses, as the coastal system shifts abruptly from one water-level regime to another. One likely impact of climate change on Great Lakes’ water level is an increase in the variability of fluctuations, thus more scenarios of abrupt and rapid water-level rise and associated habitat loss are expected in the future. We propose that the unprecedented habitat loss observed during the 2012–2020 timeframe will become the new normal in the coming century as enhanced variability in water levels facilitates sustained coastal land loss.
Photonic modal circulator using dynamic modulation with mirror symmetry

We show that a modal circulator can be achieved in a dynamically-modulated structure that preserves mirror symmetry. Such circulators can be implemented using only a single standing-wave modulator, which greatly simplifies the design of on-chip non-reciprocal devices based on dynamic modulations.
Metalation/De-metalation as a Post-Gelation Strategy to Tune the Mechanical Properties of Catenane-Crosslinked Gels

Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) possess unique architectures and non-traditional degrees of freedom that arise from well-defined topologies that are achieved through precise mechanical bonding. Incorporation of MIMs into materials can thus provide an avenue to discover new and emergent macroscale properties. Here, the synthesis of a phenanthroline-based [2]catenane crosslinker and its incorporation into polyacrylate organogels is described. Specifically, Cu(I) metalation and de-metalation was used as a post-gelation strategy to tune the mechanical properties of a gel by controlling the conformational motions of integrated MIMs. The organogels were prepared via thermally initiated free radical polymerization, and Cu(I) metal was added in MeOH to pre-treated, swollen gels. De-metalation of the gels was achieved by adding cyanide salts and washing the gels. Changes in Young’s and shear moduli, as well as tensile strength, were quantified through oscillatory shear rheology and tensile testing. The reported approach provides a general method for post-gelation tuning of mechanical properties using metals and well-defined catenane topologies as part of a network architecture.
Exporting the Digital Human Rights Norm

This chapter looks at the ways in which states and organizations leverage international relationships to promote global norm diffusion. By examining norm socialization within the Privacy Shield and Safe Harbour agreements, the EU-US relationship serves as an example of intentional norm socialization by the European Union. Additional case evidence for intentional norm exportation is provided by the landmark Schrems I and II cases against Facebook. The chapter finishes with a look at EU enforcement sanctions against non-state actors, including hefty fines against high-profile MNCs, such as Google and H&M, for failing to meet the digital human rights standards of the GDPR.
Implementing the use of Service-Learning in an Undergraduate Human Physiology Course at Elon University

Active learning is a method that engages students in academic content through reading, writing and discussion that promotes analysis and synthesis of course material. Service learning (SL) connects...
VIII Theory of Photoelectron Counting

Publisher Summary This chapter considers the relationship between the statistics of the photoelectron counting and that of the light falling on it. The probability distribution p (n) for the emission of n photoelectrons and some of the statistical constants associated with it as functions of the detecting time, the coherence time, and other statistical and spectral properties of the light beam falling on it are studied in the chapter. From the experimental measurements on the photoelectron counting, one can draw conclusions on the statistical properties of light which in turn have wide applications to fields such as spectroscopy and stellar interferometry. The basic quantity of interest, which enters in the formula for p(n), is the probability density P(W) of the light intensity integrated over a fixed time interval. The determination of the complete statistical distribution of the integrated light intensity from photocounting measurements is discussed in the chapter.
Biaffine matrix inequality properties and computational methods

Many robust control synthesis problems, including /spl mu//k/sub m/-synthesis, have been shown to be reducible to the problem of finding a feasible point under a biaffine matrix inequality (BMI) constraint. The paper discusses the related problem of minimizing the maximum eigenvalue of a biaffine combination of symmetric matrices, a biconvex, nonsmooth optimization problem. Various properties of the problem are examined and several local optimization approaches are presented, although the problem requires a global optimization approach in general.
Microimmunodiffusion Test for Nocardiosis

Sera from 71 patients with culturally proven nocardiosis were tested for precipitins against a pool of Nocardia asteroides and N. brasiliensis culture filtrates and against antigens from the supernatant of homogenized N. asteroides cells. A human nocardiosis case serum was used as a reference. Sera from 56 of the 71 cases were reactive with either the culture filtrate antigen, the homogenate antigen, or both antigens, resulting in an overall sensitivity of 79%. Sera from 35 of the patients (49%) were positive with the homogenate antigens, and 28 (39%) showed bands of identity with the reference serum. Sera from 50 nocardiosis cases (70%) were positive with the pooled culture filtrate antigens, and 29 (41%) produced bands of identity with the reference serum. Of 89 sera from patients with various systemic mycotic diseases, tuberculosis, or actinomycosis, 24 (27%) were positive with the nocardial homogenate antigens and 4 (4.5%) showed precipitin bands of identity. Thirty-five of the 89 sera (42%) were positive with the nocardial culture filtrate antigens, and 6 (6.7%) showed bands of identity. The majority of sera demonstrating false-positive reactions were from tuberculosis and actinomycosis cases. One of seven sera from well individuals produced a precipitin band with the culture filtrate antigen, but this was not a band of identity with reference serum. These antigens did not distinguish antibodies from patients with N. asteroides, N. brasiliensis, or N. cavia infections.
Automating instructional design with eCAD

Colleges and universities are increasingly offering at least part and, in many instances their entire curriculum via online learning modalities. Despite this trend, there is inadequate support for the professors responsible for restructuring the courses they have refined over a career in the classroom for delivery via the Web. Teachers who are expert in their subject area and masters of their craft when in a classroom find themselves in the uncomfortable position of having to relearn how to teach in a new environment with little or no support. The process of planning and developing a course for delivery in an online environment is, in many significant aspects, analogous to the processes required to develop a software system. Both situations require the developer to manage resources through a series of steps with the goal of designing a product that effectively utilizes the computer to solve a problem. The procedures and tools used in software engineering to manage software system development, therefore, offer promise for developing online courses. Computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools are of special interest by virtue of the support afforded the development process through computerization. This paper offers an architectural overview of a knowledge-based course engineering system: eCAD (electronic course analysis & design). The requirements for the system, the manner in which those criteria were developed and validated, and system design was detailed. A working prototype is also presented.
3-D full waveform inversion of seismic data; Part I. Theory

Full waveform inversion of seismic data is a challenging subject partly because of the lack of precise knowledge of the source. Since currently available approaches involve some form of approximations to the source, inversion results are subject to the quality and the choice of the source information used. A new full waveform inversion scheme has been introduced (Lee and Kim, 2003) using normalized wavefield for simple two-dimensional (2-D) scalar problems. The method does not require source information, so potential inversion errors due to source estimation may be eliminated. A gather of seismic traces is first Fourier-transformed into the frequency domain and a normalized wavefield is obtained for each trace in the frequency domain. Normalization is done with respect to the frequency response of a reference trace selected from the gather, so the complex-valued normalized wavefield is source-independent and dimensionless. The inversion algorithm minimizes misfits between measured normalized wavefield and numerically computed normalized wavefield. In this paper the full waveform inversion is extended to three-dimensional (3-D) problems.
The Case for Defamatory Opinion

The law should not allow revenge porn in the name of the First Amendment, just as it should not allow private citizens to purchase AK-47’s in the name of the Second Amendment. Citizens can abuse fundamental rights just as governments can infringe them. At some point, courts have to acknowledge that the First Amendment was not intended to give people a fundamental right to trash an individual’s reputation while seeking cover under the self-serving blanket of opinion and taste. It is one thing to stroll into a courthouse with a shirt that says Fuck the Draft, but quite another to calls someone a Nazi War Criminal. Statements like this poison the marketplace of ideas with the vitriol of immodest jackasses and can, in some circumstances, cause reputational harm. For too long, courts and commentators have reacted in knee-jerk fashion to any attempts to regulate or provide remedies for speech that causes severe and lasting injury. At the same time, however, the courts have founds ways, such as through the “secondary effects” doctrine, to uphold statutes that, as a practical matter, restrict speech. The courts need not go through such legal gymnastics to restrict in one breath what should be regulated in the next.Justice Anthony Kennedy has stated that “[t]he remedy for speech that is false is speech that is true. This is the ordinary course in a free society. The response to the unreasoned is the rational; to the uninformed, the enlightened; to the straight-out lie, the simple truth.” Truth is not considered a remedy when courts classify a statement as pure opinion, and pure opinions involving private issues and citizens should not receive the First Amendment’s blessing. Simply put, where truth cannot provide a remedy, the law should.
Filling the Gap: Semi-Supervised Learning for Opinion Detection Across Domains

We investigate the use of Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) in opinion detection both in sparse data situations and for domain adaptation. We show that co-training reaches the best results in an in-domain setting with small labeled data sets, with a maximum absolute gain of 33.5%. For domain transfer, we show that self-training gains an absolute improvement in labeling accuracy for blog data of 16% over the supervised approach with target domain training data.
On the Approximation Order of Principal Shift-Invariant Subspaces ofLp(Rd)

For 1?p?∞, sufficient conditions on the generators {?h}h>0are given which ensure that theh-dilates of the shift-invariant space generated by?hprovideLp-approximation of orderk>0. Examples where?his an exponential box spline or certain dilates of the Gaussiane?| · |2are considered; it is shown that our sufficient condition then provides an optimal lower bound on their approximation order.
The great debate: Then and now

In discussing Jeanne Chall’s chapter, “Are Reading Methods Changing Again?” (this volume), I compare today’s situation with that of 30 years ago as recounted by Chall in Learning to Read: The Great Debate (1967).
Synthesis of an individualized cranial atlas with dysmorphic shape

A new method for non-rigid registration of a normal infant CT head atlas with CT data of infants with abnormal skull shape is presented. An individualized atlas is synthesized by computing a volume transformation from the normal atlas to the target data set shape. This process begins rigidly by eliminating translation and rotation differences and proceeds non-rigidly to eliminate anatomical shape differences. Operator specified anatomical landmarks are used to find the initial rigid transformation. Non-rigid registration is achieved by constraining the transformation by the low frequency modes of vibration of a 3D linear-elastic solid while minimizing the squared intensity difference between atlas and target CT image volumes. Results are presented in which the CT atlas was transformed into the shape of several infants with various types of craniofacial deformities.
Copper(I)-rhenate hybrids: syntheses, structures, and optical properties.

The new copper(I) rhenates, CuReO4(pyz) (I) and Cu3ReO4(q6c)2 (II) (pyz = pyrazine; q6c = quinoline-6-carboxylate), were synthesized by hydrothermal methods at 140−150 °C, and their structures dete...
Naturally occurring cell death during neural development

Abstract In many populations of developing neurons, massive numbers of cells die prior to the completion of differentiation. This naturally occurring cell loss is not a pathological process but, as the name implies, it is a normal feature of neurogenesis. Although in recent years considerable attention has been focused on this seemingly implausible developmental phenomenon, many fundamental issues concerning both mechanisms and the biological function of neuron death remain unresolved. Some progress has been made, however, and in the present brief review I consider evidence pertaining to a few of the critical questions about this phenomenon in vertebrates.
Synthesis of a B-homo-6-azaandrost-4-ene-3-one as a novel steroidal 5α-reductase inhibitor

Abstract The preparation of a B-ring homologated analog of 17β-N,N-diethylcarboxy-6-azaandrost-4-ene-3-one, a potent inhibitor of type 2 steroidal 5α-reductase, is described.
Platelet hyperfunction as risk factor for chronic and acute coronary events.

Indians have a very high incidence of vascular complications, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke, compared to any other ethnic group in the world. They also have a very high incidence of multiple metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of known risk factors in this population for CAD does not explain adequately the significant increase in the vascular disease burden in this population. There is some speculation that genetic predisposal of this population may account for this increased incidence in vascular diseases. Environmental toxicants may also contribute significantly to the acceleration of these complex risk promoters.Functional and structural changes in the arterial wall precede the development of clinical complications such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperfunction of platelets, and coagulation cascade. Vascular dysfunction, therefore, is the major contributor for the pathogenesis of hypertension, a...
A Longitudinal View of Women's Role Portrayal In Television Advertising

This article concerns an issue of interest to both advertisers and consumers: female sex-role portrayal in television advertisements. A comparative study using content analysis was conducted for television commercials observed in 1977 and in 1980, respectively. Significant changes between these years are noted on a number of dimensions relevant to the way women are represented in television commercials. These changes are also interpreted in a broader historical perspective whenever possible. Both positive and negative changes are noted and discussed.
An in vitro production of bone specific alkaline phosphatase

Abstract Induced alkaline phosphatase has been extracted from osteosarcoma cells grown in tissue culture medium. The extracted enzyme has been purified. Using electrophoresis, inhibition studies, and thermolability, the enzyme was categorized as alkaline phosphatase of osseous origin. Antibodies to this enzyme were reacted against alkaline phosphatase extracted from cadaveric bone, liver, intestine, kidney and fresh placenta. The antibodies were specific against alkaline phosphatase of osseous origin only. No cross-reaction occurred with the enzyme extracted from other sources. The data derived from these studies indicate that alkaline phosphatase of bone is a specific enzyme of osseous tissue. Furthermore, the enzyme has specific antigenic and other properties which distinguish it from alkaline phosphatases from other sources. A model for in vitro production of a specific alkaline phosphatase of bone is presented.
Decentralized Relative Attitude Estimation for Three-Spacecraft Formation Flying Applications

This paper investigates the problem of relative spacecraft attitude estimation between three vehicles from a decentralized point of view. Decentralized attitude estimation is achieved through the use of local extended Kalman filters and a data fusion process known as the Covariance Intersection algorithm. Because the global attitude parameterization is the quaternion, the Covariance Intersection algorithm is modified in order to handle the quaternion norm constraint using the method of Lagrange multipliers. A multivariate Newton-Raphson iteration is developed so that state vectors containing multiple quaternions may be fused. A formation flying simulation shows that the results of state fusion via the Covariance Intersection algorithm provides substantially better results than available from any one local source.
Structural Pursuit Over Multiple Undirected Graphs

Gaussian graphical models are useful to analyze and visualize conditional dependence relationships between interacting units. Motivated from network analysis under different experimental conditions, such as gene networks for disparate cancer subtypes, we model structural changes over multiple networks with possible heterogeneities. In particular, we estimate multiple precision matrices describing dependencies among interacting units through maximum penalized likelihood. Of particular interest are homogeneous groups of similar entries across and zero-entries of these matrices, referred to as clustering and sparseness structures, respectively. A nonconvex method is proposed to seek a sparse representation for each matrix and identify clusters of the entries across the matrices. Computationally, we develop an efficient method on the basis of difference convex programming, the augmented Lagrangian method and the blockwise coordinate descent method, which is scalable to hundreds of graphs of thousands nodes th...
Influence of fault trend, bends, and convergence on shallow structure and geomorphology of the Hosgri strike-slip fault, offshore central California

We mapped an ∼94-km-long portion of the right-lateral Hosgri fault zone in offshore central California using a dense network of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, marine magnetic data, and multibeam bathymetry. These data document the location, length, and continuity of multiple fault strands, highlight fault-zone heterogeneity, and demonstrate the importance of fault trend, fault bends, and fault convergence in the development of shallow structure and tectonic geomorphology along strike-slip faults. Eight sections (A through H) of the Hosgri fault are mapped. The fault trends ∼335° to 341° in the southern ∼40 km of the study area (sections A through C) where shallow deformation is primarily dilational. The absence of tectonic uplift in this area has contributed to localization of the Santa Maria River and delta and, as a result, Holocene sediments cover the fault zone. The Hosgri fault generally trends 329° to 337° in the central ∼24 km of the study area (sections D through F), which coincides with oblique convergence of the Hosgri and the more northwest-trending Los Osos and Shoreline faults. This convergence has resulted in local restraining and releasing fault bends, transpressive uplifts, and extensional basins of varying size and morphology. Notably, development of a paired fault bend is linked to indenting and bulging of the Hosgri fault by a strong crustal block translated to the northwest along the Shoreline fault. Two diverging Hosgri fault strands bounding a central uplifted block characterize the northern ∼30 km of the Hosgri fault (sections G and H) in this area. The eastern Hosgri passes through significant releasing (329° to 335°) and restraining (335° to 328°) bends before passing onland at San Simeon; the releasing bend is the primary control on development of an elongate, asymmetric, 15-km-long × 300- to 2400-m-wide, “Lazy Z” sedimentary basin. The western strand of the Hosgri fault passes through a significant restraining bend (329° to 316°) and continues northward until slip is transferred to faults underlying the Piedras Blancas fold belt. Earthquake hazard assessments should incorporate a minimum rupture length of 110 km based on continuity of the Hosgri fault zone through this area. Lateral slip rates may vary along the fault (both to the north and south) as different structures converge and diverge but are probably in the geodetically estimated range of 2–4 mm/yr.
KINETICS OF ANAPHYLATOXIN C5A RECEPTOR EXPRESSION DURING EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS

In this study, we investigated the expression of the C5aR in spinal cords of Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using in situ hybridization (ISH) we analyzed the kinetics of C5aR at different time points of EAE (preclinical stage, clinical peak, remission phase). We observed that C5aR mRNA was readily detected in the CNS of EAE rats at all the stages of the disease. Using a combination of ISH and immunohistochemistry, we formally demonstrated that C5aR is strongly expressed on microglial cells and hypertrophic astrocytes during EAE. The potential involvement of C5a receptor in EAE physiopathology is discussed.
The Effects of Stream Channelization and Restoration on Mammal Species and Habitat in Riparian Corridors

We investigated differences in habitat characteristics, mammal richness, and mammal activity among three stream types: channelized, unchannelized, and restored. Riparian plant species richness was significantly higher at the unchannelized stream than at the other two streams. The Kentucky Macroinvertebrate Bioassessment Index was highest at the unchannelized stream and much lower at the restored stream than the other two streams. Small mammal activity did not differ among stream types. Richness of terrestrial mammals, as determined by motion-sensitive cameras, did not differ significantly among streams. Track plot surveys showed, however, that unchannelized and restored streams had significantly higher terrestrial mammal species richness than the channelized stream. Likewise, track transect surveys conducted in snow, showed that species richness at the unchannelized stream was significantly higher than the channelized stream. There was some indication that bat activity was affected by an interaction between month and stream type. Results suggested that channelization and restoration affect habitat characteristics, mammal richness, and mammal activity; however, restored streams have potential to recover many of the characteristics of an unchannelized stream.
Modeling of solids global fluctuations in bubbling fluidized beds by standing surface waves

Abstract The characteristics of solids global fluctuation in gas fluidized beds was examined. It was identified that sloshing is a dominant mechanism in bubbling fluidized beds. Experiments were conducted using the computer-aided particle tracking facility to examine the solids sloshing motions and to determine the fluctuation frequency. For cylindrical beds of intermediate depths, there are two modes of sloshing; namely, the axisymmetric mode and the antisymmetric mode. A standing surface wave model has been developed to predict the global fluctuation frequency of the solids sloshings in beds of intermediate and shallow depth. The axisymmetric and the antisymmetric modes of sloshing in cylindrical beds are the full- and half-wave modes of the standing surface waves. The model predictions for the sloshing frequency were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data of this study and with others in the literature. More importantly, it was found that, although the excitation for bed fluctuations originates from bubbles, the fluctuation frequency is controlled by surface waves.
Exploring the Intersectionality of Bisexual, Religious/Spiritual, and Political Identities From a Feminist Perspective

While there is a small but growing body of work that examines the religious and spiritual lives of bisexuals, there is a strong need for additional research that further explores the intersectionality of these distinct identities. Motivated by the feminist notions that the personal is political and that individuals are the experts of their own experiences (Unger, 2001), the specific aim of this study is to better understand the intersection of multiple identities experienced by bisexual individuals. Relying upon data collected by Herek, Glunt, and colleagues during their Northern California Health Study, in this exploratory study we examine the intersection of bisexual, religious/spiritual, and political identities by conducting an archival secondary analysis of 120 self-identified bisexual individuals. Among the significant findings, results suggest that higher LGB self-esteem scores and openness about sexual orientation correlated with higher levels of spirituality. Further, attraction to same sex partners was associated with perceiving sexual orientation as a choice, identifying as bisexual at a younger age, more likely to disclose one's sexual orientation, less likely to view religion as being socially important, and a higher score on the belief statement. We discuss the implications of these results and make suggestions for future research on the role of religion and spirituality in bisexual lives.
Length sorting cut single wall carbon nanotubes by high performance liquid chromatography

Semi-preparative, HPLC based, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to length sort single wall carbon nanotubes previously cut by an acid based process. In contrast to prior reports of nanotube length separation by gravity fed SEC, mean nanotube lengths in the present study were shorter than the controlled pore glass media pore diameter used (400 nm). The results indicate that prep scale HPLC can provide a viable method for efficient length separation with good resolution. Features observed in the chromatogram are attributed to a dependence of the light scattering efficiency on the lengths of the nanotubes relative to the wavelength of the light used for detection.
A Comparison and Scenario Analysis of Leading Data Mining Software

Finding the right software is often hindered by different criteria as well as by technology changes. We performed an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis using Expert Choice to determine which data mining package was best suitable for us. Deliberating a dozen alternatives and objectives led us to a series of pair-wise comparisons. When further synthesizing the results, Expert Choice helped us provide a clear rationale for the decision. The issue is that data mining technology is changing very rapidly. Our article focused only on the major suppliers typically available in the market place. The method and the process that we have used can be easily applied to analyze and compare other data mining software or knowledge management initiatives.
Comments on "The Reliability of Periodically Repaired n - 1/n Parallel Redundant Systems

In the correspondence1 the author presented an approximate formula for the average failure rate in a periodically repaired n - 1/n parallel redundant system. It was assumed that the system consists of n parallel identical elements, each of which has a constant failure rate ?. The system is also repaired every T hours. It was shown that an approximate expression for the average failure rate of such a system is n(n - 1) ?2T/2. Upper and lower bounds were also given. In this comment a closed form exact expression for the average failure rate is presented.
Nanoscale ferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagnet switches controlled by magnetization orientation

We study clean ferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagnet (FSF) nanostructures in which the magnetization of the $F$ layers can be parallel $(P)$ or antiparallel (AP). We consider the case where the thickness of the $S$ layer is of order of the coherence length, with thinner $F$ layers. We find that reversing the direction of the magnetization in one of the $F$ layers can lead to drastic changes in the superconductor's state. Under a wide variety of conditions, the AP geometry favors superconductivity. Magnetization reversal in one of the $F$ layers can lead to the superconductivity turning on and off, or to switching between different states. Our results are obtained via the self-consistent solution of the Bogoliubov\char21{}de Gennes equations and evaluation of the condensation energies of the system.
Metastatic choriocarcinoma complicated by term pregnancy

Abstract Malignant gestational trophoblastic disease arising after term pregnancy is associated with a poorer prognosis than postmolar trophoblastic disease [1]. Choriocarcinoma coexistent with intrauterine pregnancy has also been reported [2]. The case described herein represents the rare occurrence of a term pregnancy in a patient with preexisting metastatic choriocarcinoma and serves to underscore the need for adequate contraception in the follow-up of patients treated for malignant gestational trophoblastic disease.
Conivaptan for hyponatremia in the neurocritical care unit.

Conivaptan is the first arginine vasopressin antagonist to be FDA-approved for the treatment of euvolemic hyponatremia, a common complication in neurointensive care patients. Due to risks for cerebral edema and seizures, sodium levels are generally aggressively maintained within normal levels (135–145 meq/l) in this patient population. To assess the safety and efficacy of conivaptan for the treatment of euvolemic hyponatremia in the neurocritical care unit. Data were obtained retrospectively on 22 patients treated with conivaptan for euvolemic hyponatremia. End points evaluated included time to [Na] increase of ≥6 meq/l; incidences of rapid overcorrection of [Na] (defined as an increase of >12 meq/l in a 24-h period while on conivaptan), infusion site reactions, or other adverse events; and whether sodium levels decreased after discontinuation of conivaptan. A [Na] increase of ≥6 meq/l was reached in 19/22 (86%) patients, with an average time to goal of 13.1 h. No patients experienced a rapid overcorrection of [Na]. Five patients had an infusion site reaction necessitating an IV change. One patient experienced hypotension and another complained of thirst during infusion. Conivaptan was initiated in 11/22 patients (50%) who were hyponatremic despite already being on conventional therapies. Conivaptan was safe and effective in this small series of neurointensive care patients, including many patients who were hyponatremic despite traditional treatments to maintain normal sodium levels. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of conivaptan as an adjunctive and/or alternative therapy for hyponatremia in this patient population.
Influence of hydrogen content and network connectivity on the coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal stability for a-SiC:H thin films

Abstract Thin films of a-SiC:H are of interest for numerous applications in optoelectronic, nanoelectronic, and nanoelectromechanical devices due to a large optical band gap and excellent chemical inertness. In many cases, a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and high temperature stability are also desired. In this regard, we report an investigation of the influence of hydrogen content and average bond coordination (〈 r 〉) on the thermal stability and CTE of a-SiC:H thin films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The a-SiC:H hydrogen content determined by combined nuclear reaction analysis and Rutherford backscattering measurements (NRA–RBS) was skewed from 25 to 60% resulting in films with 〈 r 〉 ranging from 2.0 up to 3.2. We show that increased hydrogen content is accompanied by changes in the thermal stability and CTE for the a-SiC:H films. The most dramatic changes were observed to occur for films with hydrogen content > 45% where 〈 r 〉 is near the critical coordination number (〈 r 〉 c ) that delineates over and under constrained materials. For a-SiC:H films above 〈 r 〉 c , relatively little change was observed in CTE with 〈 r 〉. However for films near or below 〈 r 〉 c , CTE was observed to increase with decreasing 〈 r 〉 and significant hydrogen loss was observed after the annealing measurements.
D‐Penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis

D-penicillamine was administered to 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A fall in the titer of rheumatoid factor was demonstrated in all patients. The sedimentation rate decreased in most patients. There was no consistent alteration in immunoglobulins A, G or M or in lymphocyte transformation attributable to penicillamine. Ceruloplasmin serum levels were lowered significantly in 7 patients. Clinical improvement in the arthritis resulted in 10 patients.
When dithiafulvenyl functionalized π-conjugated oligomers meet fullerenes and single-walled carbon nanotubes

A series of π-conjugated oligomers taking linear and Z-shaped molecular structures were synthesized with electron-donating dithiafulvenyl (DTF) groups functionalized at the terminal positions. Besides significantly enriched electronic and redox properties as disclosed by UV-Vis absorption and voltammetric analyses, these DTF-endcapped oligomers also exhibited a facile reactivity of oxidative CC bond cleavage sensitized by fullerenes under air, converting the non-fluorescent DTF–oligomers to highly fluorescent aldehyde-endcapped oligomer products. This reaction provides an appealing approach for efficient fluorescence turn-on sensing of fullerenes. Furthermore, the DTF-attached oligomers showed strong noncovalent interactions with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to form soluble supramolecular assemblies in certain chlorinated organic solvents such as methylene chloride and chloroform. The dispersion of SWNTs effected by the DTF–oligomers was found to be highly efficient (up to 0.29 mg of SWNTs per mL) and shows selectivity for small-diameter nanotubes. The resulting SWNT suspensions could be easily dissociated upon addition of hydrocarbon solvents such as hexanes, releasing pristine SWNTs which were free of oligomer dispersants after filtration and solvent rinsing.
Trend of Multiple Antenna Beamforming Technology in Mobile Wireless Communication Field

Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) wireless communication systems, where multiple user signals are simultaneously transmitted and received over same conventional time/frequency channels by using multiple antennas, have great potential to dramatically increase spectral efficiency. The iBurst, a TDD-TDMA based mobile broadband wireless Internet network, is the first commercial system in the world to realize and demonstrate the potential benefits of SDMA technology with the help of adaptive array antenna (AAA) processing. This paper presents and discusses the structure of the iBurst system, its antenna array configuration, system specifications, and field performance test results. Next, by adding OFDMA transmission technique to this multiple antennas system, the simulated performance results of beamforming are presented. (7 pages)
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of a Ruthenium(II) Tetraazaannulene Complex.

A novel synthetic route leading to the isolation of gram quantities of a tetraazaannulene ruthenium complex, (Me8taa)Ru(PPh3)2, 1, in >95% yield is presented. In view of the labile Ru-PPh3 bonds in 1, this complex has been demonstrated to behave as a catalyst precursor in the hydrogenation and isomerization of 1-hexene under mild conditions.
Comparative effects of sulfhydryl inhibitors on melanosome movements within vertebrate melanophores.

Dans les melanophores des grenouilles et des lezards examines in vitro, les inhibiteurs du groupe sulfhydryl (thiol) tels que le mersalyle et les maleimides N-substitutes bloquent irrevocablement la dispersion des melanosomes soumis a l'action de la MSH et provoquent meme leur retrait. On etudie les conditions structurales de l'action inhibitrice d'un certain nombre de maleimides N-substitues, etroitement apparentes.
A combinatorial H4 tail library for exploring the histone code.

Histone modifications modulate chromatin structure and function. A posttranslational modification-randomized, combinatorial library based on the first twenty-one residues of histone H4 was designed for systematic examination of proteins that interpret a histone code. The 800-member library represented all permutations of most known modifications within the N-terminal tail of histone H4. To determine its utility in a protein-binding assay, the on-bead library was screened with an antibody directed against phosphoserine 1 of H4. Among the hits, 59/60 sequences were phosphorylated at S1, while 30/30 of those selected from the non-hits were unphosphorylated. A 512-member version of the library was then used to determine the binding specificity of the double tudor domain of hJMJD2A, a histone demethylase involved in transcriptional repression. Global linear least squares fitting of modifications from the identified peptides (40 hits and 34 non-hits) indicated that methylation of K20 was the primary determinant for binding, but that phosphorylation/acetylation on neighboring sites attenuated the interaction. To validate the on-bead screen, isothermal titration calorimetry was performed with thirteen H4 peptides. Dissociation constants ranged from 1 mM - 1μM and corroborated the screening results. The general approach should be useful for probing the specificity of any histone-binding protein.
Visual Specifications for Temporal Reasoning

Abstract Graphical interval logic (GIL) is a visual temporal logic in which formulas resemble the informal timing diagrams familiar to system designers and software engineers. It provides an intuitive and natural visual notation in which to express specifications for concurrent systems and retains the benefits of a formal notation. A visual editor permits GIL specifications to be easily constructed, and to be stored in and retrieved from files. The editor interfaces with a proof checker and model generator, which permit verification of temporal inferences. The paper shows how graphical specifications are created and used to reason about temporal properties of systems. It shows how pictures that formalize temporal arguments enhance understanding and help motivate successful proof strategies.
WE-G-141-09: Prospective Image Planning in Radiation Therapy for Optimization of Image Quality and Reduction of Patient Dose

Purpose: X‐ray image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) relies on generalized, vendor‐provided acquisition parameters. These parameters are chosen via broad categorizations in patient anatomy and often do not yield optimal image contrast and patient dose. In the IGRT setting, precise prior knowledge of patient anatomy and imaging goal are available via the simulation CT scan. We developed and tested a patient‐specific image planning system (IPS) for radiotherapy and assessed its predictive capabilities and ability to reduce patient imaging dose. Methods: The IPS calculates patient‐specific attenuation of the imaging beam and integrates the detector response into the simulated image. Experimental validation was conducted using an anthropomorphic phantom over a range of mAs values for 80 and 120 kVp beam qualities. Data for the head and neck (H/N), thorax and pelvis were acquired. Clinical data was collected from patients undergoing IGRT for H/N and abdominal diseases. Retention of image contrast following imaging dose reduction was verified using mutual information as a metric. Results: The IPS was found to be capable of predicting under exposure, saturation and a contrast plateau over a wide exposure range. The IPS was successful at predicting a lack of appreciable change in contrast between the images acquired at high and low kVp settings. It was found to be capable of reducing patient imaging dose without loss of appreciable contrast. With the IPS, imaging dose reduction of at least 37 to 74 percent was achieved for the patients studied. Conclusion: Image contrast resulting from under exposure, over exposure as well as a contrast plateau can be predicted by use of a prospective image planning algorithm. Image acquisition parameters can be predicted that reduce patient dose without loss of contrast.
Consolidation of gas atomized Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 amorphous powders

Abstract The dense, random atomic configuration of bulk metallic glasses enhances their stability against crystallization in the supercooled liquid state. This stability provides the opportunity to deform the material by plastic processing methods such as warm extrusion. Gas atomized Cu 47 Ti 34 Zr 11 Ni 8 powders were consolidated at various temperatures above their glass transition temperature (688 K) at extrusion ratios of 5, 9 and 13. At extrusion temperatures approaching T x (743 K), powders consolidated at an extrusion ratio of 5 were predominantly amorphous while at higher ratios the powders were completely devitrified, yet fully consolidated. Gradients in the degree of devitrification were observed along the length (i.e., top to bottom) of all extruded materials.
Mechanism of Crack Growth in Alloy 600 in High-Temperature Deaerated Water

Abstract Measurements of the rate of crack growth in alloy 600 (UNS N06600) in high-temperature lithiated hydrogenated water were performed at various potentials and pH levels. The mode of cracking...