cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Framework for Enhancing Security in InfiniBand Architecture

The InfiniBand architecture (IBA) is a promising communication standard for building clusters and system area networks. However, the IBA specification has left out security aspects, resulting in potential security vulnerabilities, which could be exploited with moderate effort. In this paper, we view these vulnerabilities from three classical security aspects - confidentiality, authentication, and availability - and investigate the following security issues. First, as groundwork for secure services in IBA, we present partition-level and queue-pair-level key management schemes, both of which can be easily integrated into IBA. Second, for confidentiality and authentication, we present a method to incorporate a scalable encryption and authentication algorithm into IBA, with little performance overhead. Third, for better availability, we propose a stateful ingress filtering mechanism to block denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Finally, to further improve the availability, we provide a scalable packet marking method tracing back DoS attacks. Simulation results of an IBA network show that the security performance overhead due to encryption/authentication on network latency ranges from 0.7 percent to 12.4 percent. Since the stateful ingress filtering is enabled only when a DoS attack is active, there is no performance overhead in a normal situation.
Job Dissatisfactions in Construction Work

The objective of this study is to understand what job conditions or personal relationships dissatisfy management, field supervision, and workmen. In turn, by removing these sources of dissatisfaction, it should be possible for all to deal more effectively with individuals outside or within their hierarchical levels. Data were collected for 65 in-depth interviews of 1 hr to 5 hr each with management and labor from companies employing carpenters, electricians, plumbers, pipe fitters, and sheet metal workers primarily from St. Louis, Mo., with supplemental interviewing from Los Angeles and San Francisco, Calif. The results indicated that being dissatisfied about a job does not necessarily mean that individuals will reduce their efforts. On the other hand, personal relationships are strained and commumication suffers. It can be concluded that the initial step toward improving personal relationships would be to have management be more sympathetic to field supervisors' problems and provide the support needed to solve them.
Supramolecular assembly of asymmetric self-neutralizing amphiphilic peptide wedges.

Mimicking the remarkable dynamic and multifunctional utility of biological nanofibers, such as microtubules, is a challenging and technologically attractive objective in synthetic supramolecular chemistry. Understanding the complex molecular interactions that govern the assembly of synthetic materials, such as peptides, is key to meeting this challenge. Using molecular dynamics simulations to guide molecular design, we explore here the self-assembly of structurally and functionally asymmetric wedge-shaped peptides. Supramolecular assembly into nanofiber gels or multilayered lamellar structures was determined by cooperative influences of hydrogen bonding, amphiphilicity (hydrophilic asymmetry), and the distribution of electrostatic charges on the aqueous self-assembly of asymmetric peptides. Molecular amphiphilicity and β-sheet forming capacity were both identified as necessary, but not independently sufficient, to form supramolecular nanofibers. Imbalances in positive and negative charges prevented nanofi...
The Victimization of Women: Law, Policies, and Politics by Michelle L. Meloy and Susan L. Miller

In this comprehensive guide to US regulations, policies, and scholarship in the field of gender-based violence, Michelle Meloy and Susan Miller open by declaring the following mission statement: “t...
Heterotrimeric G protein signaling via GIV/Girdin: Breaking the rules of engagement, space, and time

Canonical signal transduction via heterotrimeric G proteins is spatially and temporally restricted, that is, triggered exclusively at the plasma membrane (PM), only by agonist activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) via a process that completes within a few hundred milliseconds. Recently, a rapidly emerging paradigm has revealed a non-canonical pathway for activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by the non-receptor guanidine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), GIV/Girdin. This pathway has distinctive temporal and spatial features and an unusual profile of receptor engagement: diverse classes of receptors, not just GPCRs can engage with GIV to trigger such activation. Such activation is spatially and temporally unrestricted, that is, can occur both at the PM and on internal membranes discontinuous with the PM, and can continue for prolonged periods of time. Here, we provide the most complete up-to-date review of the molecular mechanisms that govern the unique spatiotemporal aspects of non-canonical G protein activation by GIV and the relevance of this new paradigm in health and disease.
Dursban® Insecticide Persistence in Grass and Corn Forage

Persistence of Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), and its oxygen analog ( O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate) was examined on Coastal bermudagrass and corn forage in the field and in jar silos. Residues, determined from field applications of Dursban insecticide sprays at 1 lb/acre, decreased rapidly in Coastal bermudagrass pasture and corn; low levels of the oxygen analog were also detected. Residues remained relatively stable in grass and corn silage.
Preservation of fine Structures in Yeast by Fixation in a Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Acrolein-Glutaraldehyde Solution

The primary fixative containing 2% acrolein, 2% glutaraldehyde in 50% aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) buffered at pH 7.4, was applied for 7 hr in the cold. After a short wash in 0.02 M s-collidine buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.2 M sucrose and 0.001 M CaCl2, the yeast cells were postfixed in 3% OsO4 at pH 4.0 (veronal acetate buffer). This method preserves many cytoplasmic features such as lipid deposits and ribosomes which are usually destroyed by permanganate fixation. DMSO apparently acts as a permeating agent allowing maximum penetration of the cell wall by the fixative without disrupting cellular fine structure
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of perovskite PV cells projected from lab to fab

Abstract Perovskite photovoltaic cells (PVs) have attracted significant worldwide attention in the past few years. Although the stability of the power conversion is a concern, there is great potential for perovskites to enter the global PV market. To determine the future potential of perovskites, we performed a cradle-to-gate environmental life cycle (LCA) for two different perovskite device structures suitable for low cost manufacturing. Rather than examining current laboratory deposition processes like dipping and spinning, we considered spray and co-evaporation methods that are more amenable to manufacturing. A structure with an inorganic hole transport layer (HTL) was developed for both solution and vacuum based processes, and an HTL-free structure with printed with back contact was modeled for solution based deposition. The environmental impact of conventional Si PV technology was used as a reference point. The environmental impacts from manufacturing of perovskite solar cells were lower than that of mono-Si. However, environmental impacts from unit electricity generated were higher than all commercial PV technology mainly because of the shorter lifetime of perovskite solar cell. The HTL-free perovskite generally had the lowest environmental impacts among the three structures studied. Solution based methods used in perovskite deposition were observed to decrease the overall electricity consumption. Organic materials used for preparing the precursors for perovskite deposition were found to cause a high marine eutrophication impact. Surprisingly, the toxicity impacts of the lead used in the formation of the absorber layer were found to be negligible. Energy payback times were estimated as 1.0–1.5 years.
Analysis of the Faults of Clamping Stagnation of Front Door Opening of a Minibus and the Design Improvement Measures

Through analyzing the running process of a minibus' s front door and the running of the related assembly of gate lock,the article finds the causes of clamping stagnation of front door opening and proposes the related improvement measures.
Scanning Track Real-time Display Based on FPGA

In this article,StratixⅡ series EP2S60F672I4N FPGA of ALTERA company is adopted as the processing core.One way proceeds timing conversion for the received image data through the Linkport module and then sends them to DSP,it will calculate the target position after the data processing of DSP.The other way rotates the 16 bit image data of different modes 90° in two SRAM caches,with Ping-Pang structure of them as the storage unit.Then the characters are overlayed at the sending target position of DSP by compressing the characters,and then the ADV7179 displaying timing is sent to output on the screen.Finally,the data processing between each module,the corresponding timing relationships and the problems in display respectively are all analyzed briefly.
Of Rockets and Sprockets, History and Mystery, Philology and Technology

Approaches to Gravity's Rainbow. Ed. Charles Clerc. Columbus: Ohio State Univ. Press, 1983. 307 pp. $25.
Prudence and São Tomé e Príncipe’s Oil Revenue Management Law

The world’s four primary energy fuels — oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium — took more than two billion years to accumulate, yet face depletion at a rate that will have them mostly exhausted within one to two centuries, possibly less. Moreover, their production, extraction, and processing have often occurred with devastating consequences for national governments and local communities. After summarizing these concerns, this chapter presents the notion of prudence, the idea that energy resources ought to be maximized for future use, and utilized to better the communities living near them. It then introduces natural resource funds, a mechanism both to moderate the production and extraction of energy resources and to ensure that energy-related revenues serve the public good rather than merely consolidate corporate profit. The natural resource fund from the small island country of Sao Tome e Principe (STP) offers an excellent case study of how to achieve this balance in practice. National planners there have relied on a combination of an Oil Revenue Management Law, an independent National Petroleum Council, an independent National Petroleum Agency, and a commitment to the EITI (see Chapter Five) to moderate oil and gas production and to ensure that revenues flow democratically to public projects.
Onset of relaxation in cardiac muscle segments

The onset of relaxation has been studied in undamaged central segments of isolated ferret papillary muscles at 27 degrees C, 12 beats/min. A technique that provides a signal proportional to the length of a chosen segment was used to assess segment velocity and length. Feedback control was employed to obtain segment isometric contractions. At a variety of times during segment isometric twitches, rapid load clamps were imposed using a range of loads from resting force to greater than half peak developed force. For the purposes of this study, the onset of relaxation was defined as occurring when active segment shortening ceased and elongation began (i.e., Vseg = 0). Early load clamps to low loads resulted in V = 0 at comparatively short segment lengths and early times. Later load clamps caused zero velocity to occur at longer segment lengths and later times. The V = 0 points in fact formed a line in the segment length-time plane. Contractions clamped to higher loads exhibited reduced shortening and a prolonged time course so that the V = 0 points showed the same dependence on length and time. Remarkably, all the variations of load-clamp load, time, and initial length yielded V = 0 points that were intermixed along a single line. Increasing or decreasing extracellular Ca2+ caused the V equal to O points to shift to later times and shorter segment lengths or earlier times and longer segment lengths, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section (VBAC)

This chapter focuses on VBAC. It discusses the contraindications for VBCC and predictors for both successful and unsuccessful VBAC. It also discusses risks of VBAC, such as uterine rupture.
The Narrator as Character in Hardy’s Major Fiction

The very brilliance of J. Hillis Miller’s Thomas Hardy: Distance and Desire requires that students of the novel examine the assumptions on which it is based. Because Miller’s purpose is to discover a ‘single design’, he assumes that ‘works composed over a career spanning almost sixty years can now be thought of as existing simultaneously within a single totality’ (Thomas Hardy, p. ix).1 But, we must ask, does a novel have the same relationship to a writer’s corpus as an individual chapter does to a novel? I believe each novel has its own unique form which generates values and effects that provide the crucial context for an individual passage or incident.
A Position with a View: Educational Status and the Construction of the Occupational Hierarchy

The differentiation of occupations is of central concern to stratification scholars studying class and mobility, yet little is known about how individuals actually see the occupational landscape. S...
A Promise Deferred: Black Veterans' Access to Higher Education Through the GI Bill at the University of Florida, 1944–1962

Examining both the GI Bill and the origins of desegregation of traditionally segregated institutions of higher learning in the South, this historical essay argues that these 2 separate historic markers should not be considered independently. Indeed, to understand the full scope of the GI Bill, we must consider the limited options that Black veterans had when it came to college admissions. Conversely, when considering the desegregation of historically segregated southern colleges and universities, we must also evaluate the strong will many Black veterans expressed in their desire to redeem the federal government's promise for a college education. Building off the body of critical scholarship published on the GI Bill, this article closely examines the enrollment and experience of the first 2 Black veterans to attend the University of Florida (UF), contextualizing the experiences of these veterans with that of other African Americans seeking to gain acceptance to historically segregated public universities i...
Enterprise Content Risk Management: A Conceptual Framework for Digital Asset Risk Management

ABSTRACT: Growth of data is exponential and as the organization's information needs for internal decision making expands from data in traditional systems to a variety of new sources both within the organizational boundaries and extended to external sources, the need for governance of these new digital assets is imperative. This paper proposes the Enterprise Content Risk Management (ECRM) framework. ECRM is a synthesis of COSO-ERM and Enterprise Content Management (ECM) frameworks. The ECRM leverages the strengths of the COSO-ERM overarching framework while focusing on the data lifecycle perspective of the Enterprise Content Management for organizational governance and compliance of digital assets. The proposed ECRM approach provides a framework for organizations to mitigate the risk associated with the rapid growth and inappropriate use of both structured and unstructured data.
Outpatient management of pediatric oncology patients with low-risk fever and neutropenia: Implementation of new clinical practice guideline at Texas Children's Hospital.

26Background: Traditionally, pediatric oncology patients with fever and severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] <500) are admitted on empiric intravenous (IV) antibiotics pending blood cultures, fever resolution, and a rising ANC. Based on significant evidence that risk-stratification of these patients with fever and neutropenia (FN) and outpatient management of “low-risk” FN (LRFN) patients with oral antibiotics can be safe and effective, we implemented an institutional clinical practice guideline (CPG) to provide outpatient care for children with LRFN. Methods: A validated “Alexander” clinical decision rule was adopted to risk stratify pediatric oncology patients with FN. A new CPG was formulated for the outpatient management of LRFN patients, with either discharge on presentation or at 24-48 hours after admission, with levofloxacin and close follow-up. All stakeholders were educated regarding the new guidelines and process prior to implementation, and the guidelines were approved by the ins...
Variance in predicted cup size by 2-dimensional vs 3-dimensional computerized tomography-based templating in primary total hip arthroplasty

Abstract Background Preoperative total hip arthroplasty templating can be performed with radiographs using acetate prints, digital viewing software, or with computed tomography (CT) images. Our hypothesis is that 3D templating is more precise and accurate with cup size prediction as compared to 2D templating with acetate prints and digital templating software. Methods Data collected from 45 patients undergoing robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty compared cup sizes templated on acetate prints and OrthoView software to MAKOplasty software that uses CT scan. Kappa analysis determined strength of agreement between each templating modality and the final size used. t tests compared mean cup-size variance from the final size for each templating technique. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) determined reliability of digital and acetate planning by comparing predictions of the operating surgeon and a blinded adult reconstructive fellow. Results The Kappa values for CT-guided, digital, and acetate templating with the final size was 0.974, 0.233, and 0.262, respectively. Both digital and acetate templating significantly overpredicted cup size, compared to CT-guided methods ( P P = .117). Interclass correlation coefficient value for digital and acetate templating was 0.928 and 0.931, respectively. Conclusions CT-guided planning more accurately predicts hip implant cup size when compared to the significant overpredictions of digital and acetate templating. CT-guided templating may also lead to better outcomes due to bone stock preservation from a smaller and more accurate cup size predicted than that of digital and acetate predictions.
Karreriella Obturaculoides, a New Agglutinated Benthic Foraminiferal Species

In Quaternary samples from the Rio Grande Rise in the southwest Atlantic Ocean, a benthic agglutinated foraminiferal species occurs that has also been observed in other medium to deep-water Atlantic (Cushman, 1922), Gulf of Mexico (Flint, 1897), Indian Ocean (Boltovskoy, 1978) and Pacific (Taylor, in preparation) localities. It has been variously referred to Gaudryina filiformis Berthelin, G. pseudofiliformis Cushman and G. bradyi Cushman. However, a careful examination of type illustrations indicates no affinity of the present specimens to these. or any other described species. Thus. a new species is required to accommodate these specimens.
Sources Of Beach Sand At Creciente Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico: Fourier Grain-Shape Analysis

Fourier grain-shape analysis (FGSA) of detrital quartz grain was used to identify local sources for medium-grained (0.25 to 0.50 mm) sand in Creciente barrier island, which is located on the west coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. A total of 52 samples from Creciente Island and vicinity were analyzed. The results of FGSA include mean values of hannonic amplitude values, which may be employed to characterize the shape composition for each sample. These values were used as for statistical procedures used to identify sand sources. Factor analysis (BMDP 4M), based on mean harmonic amplitude values for each sample, was used to identify sample groups, which, in turn, served to define the probable sources. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated how much of the shape information was explained by each factor or variable, and was also used to facilitate the sedimentologic interpretation of one factor (roughness). Levine’s F-test was used to determine whether or not the explained variance for each of the 23 shape variables (harmonics) is statistically signiticant. Levine’s F-test also was used to measure the difference between sample values resulting from analysis of variance. Discriminate function analysis was used to estimate the percentage of sand derived from each of the potential sources. The beach sand at Creciente Island has two primary sources. The first is the inner continental shelf, which contributed from approximately 50 to 57% of the sand in observed samples. The second source is the nearby rivers, which contributed from 43 to 50%.
Service Excellence A Quality Improvement Process

Abstract Service Excellence was initiated at Howard County General Hospital in 1993. The goal of the hospital was to develop a process to improve customer service while maintaining a competitive advantage. Using the Deming philosophy, that 85% of the problems is system and 15% is people, the hospital embarked on a continuous improvement initiative. After assessing the organizational climate of the hospital, a multiple step process was recommended. The initial step was designed to set the culture and tone for team work and open communications. Senior management developed the Service Excellence Vision and Values. These values were discussed and encouraged as a guide of how work should be accomplished in the hospital Departments were asked to develop mission statements and goals to meet their mission. A major team work campaign was initiated m the spring of 1994. The second phase was the implementation of improvement teams. All department heads and managers participated in Team Leader training during the year. Interdepartmental teams were formed. The concept was expanded to develop the cross departmental indicators to meet the 1995 Joint Commission requirements through the product line approach that included nutrition. The final phase was initiated in January 1995. All hospital employees participated in a four hour training class to learn the principal elements of the process and tools for team success. Hospital wide the team spirit is blooming. Employees are suggesting opportunities for improvement and talking cross departmentally to solve problems. Morale has greatly improved. Teams have been able to implement changes which directly impact Food and Nutrition Services. A interdepartmental team analyzing discharges and transfers is presently implementing a computerized system that will conservatively save yearly $13,000 in wasted trays. A departmental team has analyzed the tray line system and implemented changes which has increased efficiency, eliminated of one full time equivalent and assisted with the development of a training plan for employees. Patient care teams have streamlined communications with physicians and enhanced the ability of the dietitian to better serve the patient.
ℓ 2 Bounded Variation and Absolutely Continuous Spectrum of Jacobi Matrices

We disprove a conjecture of Breuer–Last–Simon (Breuer et al. in Constr Approx 32(2):221–254, 2010) concerning the absolutely continuous spectrum of Jacobi matrices with coefficients that obey an l2 bounded variation condition with step q. We prove existence of a.c. spectrum on a smaller set than that specified by the conjecture and prove that our result is optimal.
Combined Targeting of EGFR and Angiogenesis in Aerodigestive Carcinomas

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are validated molecular targets in aerodigestive carcinomas (ADCs). Effective targeting of these important molecules has been achieved with various strategies—mainly with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Of particular interest is the combined use of EGFR and VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors which is based on promising early data. Here, we review the rationale and emerging clinical data with this innovative approach. The identification and validation of biomarkers that correlate with clinical outcome are expected to allow for a more rational use of EGFR and VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors. Ongoing clinical trials are expected to define the role of combined targeting in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).
The Computer as an Aid to Teaching and a Substitute for Proof

Geometer’s Sketchpad is a (software) learning tool, marketed by Key Curriculum Press, designed for teaching Euclidean geometry to high school students. There has been a great trend in the past twenty-five years to reverse-engineer high school geometry so that proofs are deemphasized and empiricism and speculation more highly developed. Geometer’s Sketchpad fits in very nicely with this program.
Impact of Genetic Markers on Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases. The last decade witnessed significant progress in improving our understanding of the biology of non-small cell lung cancer, which led to the identification of several genetic targets. Those genetic targets were utilized to explain clinical phenomena, such as the occurrence of non-small cell lung cancer in never-smokers, to predict response to conventional chemotherapy and biological agents, and to explain and predict resistance to therapy. The progress in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the last few years was based on a new generation of population-enriched clinical trials that utilized genetic targets such as somatic EGFR mutations and ALK-EML4 mutations. In this review we will discuss the available information about the key genetic markers of non-small cell lung cancer and the pivotal clinical trials that validate the use of those genetic markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Risk of Hepatocellular Cancer in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background & Aims There are limited data on the risk of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to estimate the risk of incident HCC among patients with NAFLD. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study from a total of 130 facilities in the Veterans Health Administration. Patients with NAFLD diagnosed between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2008 were included and followed until HCC diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2015. We also identified a sex- and age-matched control cohort without NAFLD. We ascertained all new HCC cases from the Central Cancer Registry and manual chart reviews. We calculated incidence rates for HCC by NAFLD status, as well as in subgroups of NAFLD patients. We used competing risk models to compare the risk of HCC in patients with NAFLD vs those without NAFLD. We reviewed electronic medical records of all HCC cases that developed in NAFLD patients without cirrhosis. Results We compared 296,707 NAFLD patients with 296,707 matched controls. During 2,382,289 person-years [PYs] of follow-up, 490 NAFLD patients developed HCC (0.21/1000 PYs). HCC incidence was significantly higher among NAFLD patients vs controls (0.02/1000 PYs; hazard ratio, 7.62; 95% confidence interval, 5.76–10.09). Among patients with NAFLD, those with cirrhosis had the highest annual incidence of HCC (10.6/1000 PYs). Among patients with NAFLD cirrhosis, HCC risk ranged from 1.6 to 23.7 per 1000 PYs based on other demographic characteristics; risk of HCC was the highest in older Hispanics with cirrhosis. In medical record reviews, 20% of NAFLD patients with HCC had no evidence of cirrhosis. Conclusions Risk of HCC was higher in NAFLD patients than that observed in general clinical population. Most HCC cases in NAFLD developed in patients with cirrhosis. The absolute risk of HCC was higher than the accepted thresholds for HCC surveillance for most patients with NAFLD cirrhosis.
Modernity’s Enigmatic Parables of Renunciation

This chapter frames the renunciation stories within the broader question of modern parables, which appeal to and yet also frustrate readers’ longing for certain meaning, exemplarity, or revelation. In a post-transcendent context, the story’s straightforward efficiency is lost, along with its spiritual or political agency. This chapter engages with the enigmatic nature of the parable-like variants on the Renunciation story, both in Borges and beyond, in parables by Kafka and Blixen.
Distributed Mode Selection for FDD Communication in Multihop Wireless Networks

We consider a decentralized, multihop wireless network consisting of frequency division duplex (FDD) nodes, which use separate frequency bands for transmission and reception. The use of FDD communication in a multihop wireless network partitions the nodes in two operating modes (or genders), depending on the frequency bands used for the transmission and reception. Since the FDD nodes of the same gender, located in a one-hop neighborhood, cannot communicate with each other, it can limit the availability of communication links between the neighboring nodes and also lead to network partitioning. Therefore, the operating mode of these nodes should be selected such that every node can establish links with its one-hop neighbors. We model the multihop network as a graph and design a novel, distributed bipartite graph coloring scheme, for mode selection of FDD nodes. Unlike the existing graph coloring schemes, which use the entire network topology and yet do not ensure network connectivity, our algorithm requires only the local information of one-hop neighborhood of each node in a distributed manner. The simulation results show that our mode selection algorithm ensures that every FDD node can establish the communication links with approximately half of its one-hop neighbors for omni as well as directional communication, without introducing any disconnected node. This mode selection algorithm also has a lower computational complexity and provides a robust network connectivity, which would help in fault tolerance and establishing stable routes in the network.
Naturally processed HLA-DR3-restricted HHV-6B peptides are recognized broadly with polyfunctional and cytotoxic CD4 T-cell responses.

Human herpes virus 6B (HHV-6B) is a widespread virus that infects most people early in infancy and establishes a chronic life-long infection with periodic reactivation. CD4 T cells have been implicated in control of HHV-6B, but antigenic targets and functional characteristics of the CD4 T-cell response are poorly understood. We identified 25 naturally processed MHC-II peptides, derived from six different HHV-6B proteins, and showed that they were recognized by CD4 T-cell responses in HLA-matched donors. The peptides were identified by mass spectrometry after elution from HLA-DR molecules isolated from HHV-6B-infected T cells. The peptides showed strong binding to matched HLA alleles and elicited recall T-cell responses in vitro. T-cell lines expanded in vitro were used for functional characterization of the response. Responding cells were mainly CD3+ CD4+ , produced IFN-γ, TNF-α, and low levels of IL-2, alone or in combination, highlighting the presence of polyfunctional T cells in the overall response. Many of the responding cells mobilized CD107a, stored granzyme B, and mediated specific killing of peptide-pulsed target cells. These results highlight a potential role for polyfunctional cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the long-term control of HHV-6B infection.
Synthesis of functionalized nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other prebiotic compounds in impacting glycine solutions.

Proteinogenic amino acids can be produced on or delivered to a planet via impacting abiotic sources and consequently were likely present before the emergence of life on Earth. However, the role that these materials played in prebiotic scenarios remains an open question, in part because little is known about the survivability and reactivity of astrophysical organic compounds upon impact with a planetary surface. To this end, we use a force-matched semi-empirical quantum simulation method to study impacts of aqueous proteinogenic amino acids at conditions reaching 48 GPa and 3000 K. Here, we probe a relatively unstudied mechanism for prebiotic synthesis where sudden heating and pressurization causes condensation of complex carbon-rich structures from mixtures of glycine, the simplest protein-forming amino acid. These carbon-containing clusters are stable on short timescales and undergo a fundamental structural transition upon expansion and cooling from predominantly sp3-bonded tetrahedral-like moieties to those that are more sp2-bonded and planar. The recovered sp2-bonded structures include large nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) with a number of different functional groups and embedded bonded regions akin to oligo-peptides. A number of small organic molecules with prebiotic relevance are also predicted to form. This work presents an alternate route to gas-phase synthesis for the formation of NPAHs of high complexity and highlights the significance of both the thermodynamic path and local chemical self-assembly in forming prebiotic species during shock synthesis. Our results help determine the role of comets and other celestial bodies in both the delivery and synthesis of potentially significant life building compounds on early Earth.
Contralateral Minimally Invasive Laminectomy for Resection of a Synovial Cyst: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Synovial cysts of the lumbar spine result from degeneration of the facet capsule, and their prevalence may be as high as 10% in symptomatic patients. Although conservative management is possible, the majority of patients will require resection. Traditional procedures for resection use an ipsilateral approach requiring partial or complete resection of the ipsilateral facet complex, possibly leading to further destabilization. A contralateral technique using minimally invasive tubular retractors for synovial cyst resection avoids facet disruption, minimizes soft-tissue trauma, and limits disruption of the ligamentous and bony structures. Additionally, by approaching contralateral, the cyst/dura interface is better visualized especially at the depths of the lateral recess. Seeing the full extent of this interface from an ipsilateral approach is very difficult without decompressing the cyst, which, in turn, makes dissecting and separating the remaining cyst wall more difficult and increases the risk of durotomies.1,2 We report the case of a 53-yr-old female who presented with persistent left leg pain in an L5 distribution that was associated with some mild lower back pain. She was refractory to conservative management that included physical therapy along with a series of epidural steroid injections. She was noted to have some weakness with dorsiflexion on the left side and as absent a straight leg raise. Given the predominance of her leg over her back symptoms along with the patient's age, a minimally invasive contralateral approach for resection of the synovial cyst was offered as opposed to more traditional decompression and fusion. Institutional Review Board approval and patient consent for solitary case reports are not needed at our institution.
Validation of rapid test kit method for measuring iodine in urine

Objective:To validate the rapid test kit method and compare the result with the GB standard.It determined the rapid test method's resolution and accuracy.Methods:Rapid test kit method for measuring iodine in urine and GB standard.Results:The low detection limit of rapid test method is 7.5 μg/L.3 different Iodine standard samples(64.7,138,231 μg/L) were repeated for 6 times.All 540 samples were tested by rapid test kit method and 100 of them were compared with GB standards.The standard deviation is 0.85%,0.83%,0.65% and RSD is 3.6%,1.9%,1.4%.The experiment showed there is no significant difference between rapid test method and GB standards.Conclusion:Rapid test kid method is simple,fast and accurate for measuring iodine in urine.
A Field Theorist’s View of Conducting Polymers: Solitons in Polyacetylene and Related Systems

From the perspective of a theoretical physicist, one of the most exciting recent examples of serendipitous interaction between apparently unconnected fields has been the recognition that relativistic field theory models, originally concocted by high energy physicists as theoretical “laboratories” to explore certain features of quantum field theory, can actually be directly applied to real condensed matter systems. The best-known example of this “field theory connection” is polyacetylene -- (CH)x -- a quasi-one dimensional organic polymer whose exotic properties have stimulated considerable interest in the past several years [1].
A Translational Roadmap to Create the Future of Simulation in Healthcare

The chapter proposes a translational simulation in healthcare roadmap to a version of the future that we might want to create: pervasive, lifelong, evidence-based, cost-effective simulation training that improves patient outcomes in terms of safety (reduced complications, morbidity, and mortality), quality, and cost of care. We describe some general approaches that might help us create a version of the future of simulation in healthcare and ways to get there quicker. A modification of the return on investment equation is proposed that explicitly takes into account simulator idleness on the premise that an idle simulator is not generating a return. Different ways to reduce cost of simulation are described including simulator development (e.g., reuse, repurpose modular simulator elements, including hardware and software; select the right simulation technology based on the main type of skills that trainees are seeking to acquire or maintain) and cost of ownership and operation (e.g., as an analogy to driverless cars, instructor-less simulators designed for self-study and self-debriefing).
A Gradient-Interleaved Scheduler for Energy-Efficient Backpropagation for Training Neural Networks

This paper addresses design of accelerators using systolic architectures for training of neural networks using a novel gradient interleaving approach. Training the neural network involves backpropagation of error and computation of gradients with respect to the activation functions and weights. It is shown that the gradient with respect to the activation function can be computed using a weight-stationary systolic array while the gradient with respect to the weights can be computed using an output-stationary systolic array. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in interleaving the computations of these two gradients to the same configurable systolic array. This results in reuse of the variables from one computation to the other and eliminates unnecessary memory accesses. The proposed approach leads to 1.4–2.2× savings in terms of number of cycles and 1.9× savings in terms of memory accesses. Thus, the proposed accelerator reduces latency and energy consumption.
DNA punch cards for storing data on native DNA sequences via enzymatic nicking

Synthetic DNA-based data storage systems have received significant attention due to the promise of ultrahigh storage density and long-term stability. However, all known platforms suffer from high cost, read-write latency and error-rates that render them noncompetitive with modern storage devices. One means to avoid the above problems is using readily available native DNA. As the sequence content of native DNA is fixed, one can modify the topology instead to encode information. Here, we introduce DNA punch cards, a macromolecular storage mechanism in which data is written in the form of nicks at predetermined positions on the backbone of native double-stranded DNA. The platform accommodates parallel nicking on orthogonal DNA fragments and enzymatic toehold creation that enables single-bit random-access and in-memory computations. We use Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute to punch files into the PCR products of Escherichia coli genomic DNA and accurately reconstruct the encoded data through high-throughput sequencing and read alignment. Current synthetic DNA-based data storage systems have high recording costs, read-write latency and error-rates that make them uncompetitive compared to traditional digital storage. The authors use nicks in native DNA to encode data in parallel and create access sites for in-memory computations.
CHAPTER 3 – EXCITATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses excitation level of control system to determine a system's response. To determine the response of a control system, the system must be excited in such a way that the input signal and the output signal can be compared in some formal way. This really only implies that the input signal should be adequately measured, but it could be any complicated waveform. Where non-linearities exist, the selection of an appropriate excitation can be a very controversial question in some instances, although for formally designed control systems the test procedure may have been laid down in the system's specification. For linear systems, theoretically there is no reason to use transient test methods in favor of frequency-response methods, or vice versa, as both will completely define the system performance for any input. This linear regime may be operational over different amplitude ranges at different frequencies. Thus, while the system is capable of linear frequency-response testing at given amplitude and over a useful range of frequencies, excitation of the system with a step input at the same amplitude containing, as it does, a theoretically infinite range of frequencies, the system will not behave in accordance with linear theory.
Effect of neostigmine combined with music therapy in the treatment of postpartum urine retention

Objective To explore the efficacy of Zusanli acupoint injection of neostigmine combined with music therapy in the treatment of postpartum urine retention.Methods 86 patients with postpartum urinary retention in our hospital between July 2011 and August 2012 were randomly divided into a study group (43 patients) and a control group (43 patients).The study group was treated with Zusanli acupoint injection of neostigmine combined with music therapy; while the control group received Zusanli acupoint injection of neostigmine alone.Results The study group had 40 patients with successful urination,with a cure rate of 93％; and the control group had 31 with successful urination,with a cure rate of 72％.There were significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusions Zusanli acupoint injection of neostigmine with music therapy is efficacious in the treatment of postpartum urine retention. Key words: Neostigmine; Musical therapy; Postpartum; Urine retention
Carbon isotope effects in the artificial photosynthesis reactions catalyzed by nanostructured Co/CoO

Abstract Although carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) have been converted into hydrocarbons, ranging from pentane (C5H12) to octadecane (C18H38) through an artificial photosynthesis reaction catalyzed by nanostructured Co/CoO, the mechanism of the reaction is not very clear. In this work, the isotope effect of carbon is studied by conducting the 13C/12C competition experiments using an equal molar ratio of 13CO2 and 12CO2 as the reagents. It is shown that the dissociation of 12CO2 is easier than that of 13CO2, and the same carbon isotope atoms have a relatively higher probability to bond together to form the hydrocarbon chains. The quantum mechanical analysis of the observed isotope effect helps us to better understand the mechanism for hydrocarbon synthesis.
Fate of Viruses Following Land Application of Sewage Sludge. I. Survival and Transport Patterns in Core Studies under Natural Conditions

ABSTRACT Undisturbed sandy soil cores were treated with seeded digested sludge and exposed to natural conditions. The survival and transport patterns of poliovirus 1 and echovirus 1 as well as environmental factors (soil temperature and moisture, rainfall) were monitored following sludge application. It appears from these studies that, under conditions prevailing in North Central Florida, enteroviruses are rapidly inactivated during sludge application to soils. Their inactivation in the soil appears to be affected by desiccation and temperature. Under ideal conditions (warm and dry) a rapid virus decline was observed in the sludge-soil mixtures. Soil leachates collected after natural rainfall were negative for both poliovirus 1 and echovirus 1.
Magnetic behaviour of 3D metal−organic frameworks constructed via 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate linker and 4f Ce(III) or 3d Fe(III) metal nodes

Abstract Herein, a pair of 3D MOFs were constructed by the solvothermal reactions of the 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4btc) with Ce(NO3)3·6H2O or FeCl2·4H2O. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the Ce-based MOF {[Ce(H2btc)0.5(btc)0.5]·H2O}n (1) crystallized in a triclinic system (PĪ) to form a 3D network due to two different coordination modes of btc− with Ce(III). While, Fe-based MOF (2) adopted a 3D crystal structure within a monoclinic space group (C2/c), consuming only one type of btc− coordination. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that both compounds 1 and 2 were highly stable up to ~ 300 °C after removal of water molecules. Temperature dependent magnetic study indicated paramagnetic behaviour for compound 1, while compound 2 exhibited weak antiferromagnetic couplings; these differencing behaviour for compound 1 and 2 were driven by their respective 4f rare earths and 3d transition metal ions. This study on magnetic transitions in different metals based MOFs will pave the way to further investigate the role of metal ions and their concentrations in controlling the magnetic orderings in MOFs.
MOFs Constructed from Biomolecular Building Blocks

Biomolecules are ideal building blocks for constructing metal-organic frameworks due to their diverse coordination chemistry and biocompatibility. Bio-MOFs, or MOFs constructed using at least one biomolecule, have the potential to exhibit unique properties for environmental and biological applications. This chapter details the emergence of biomolecule-based MOFs, particularly those constructed using nucleobase, amino acid, peptide/protein, and carbohydrate building blocks.
Efficient Modeling of the Routing and Spectrum Allocation Problem for Flexgrid Optical Networks

While the problem of Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) has been widely studied, very few studies attempt to solve realistic sized instances. Indeed, the state of the art is always below the standard transport capacity of a fiber link with 384 frequency slots, regardless of what the authors consider, heuristics or exact methods with a few exceptions. In this paper, we are interested in reducing the gap between realistic data sets and testbed instances that are often considered, using exact methods. Even if exact methods may fail to solve in reasonable time very large instances, they can, however, output solutions with a very good and proven accuracy. The novelty of this paper is to exploit the observations that optimal solutions contain a very large number of lightpaths associated with shortest paths or k-shortest paths with a small k. We propose an original efficient large-scale optimization model and decomposition algorithm to solve the RSA problem for flexgrid optical networks. It allows the exact or near optimal solution of much larger instances than in the literature.