cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias and Other Primary Headache Disorders

The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) and other primary headache disorders are defined by several important characteristics. They are all severe, short-duration headaches. They possibly share a common hypothalamic generator. Workup for posterior fossa or pituitary pathology is warranted before making these diagnoses. Many of the entities in these two groups, with important exceptions, respond to indomethacin. TACs often demonstrate ipsilateral parasympathetic hyperactivity and/or sympathetic hypoactivity. Among the TACs are the indomethacin sensitive paroxysmal hemicranias. The indomethacin insensitive TACs include the extremely rare SUNCT/SUNA and the more common cluster headache. The “other primary headaches” include primary stabbing headaches, cough headache, exertional headaches, and the sexually-related headaches. These generally tend to be indomethacin responsive. The other two headache disorders discussed are hypnic headache and primary thunderclap headache, the latter whose differential diagnosis is vitally important to recognize and exclude before assigning the diagnosis.
Review: Several risk factors are associated with functional status decline in community-living older persons

Source Citation Stuck AE, Walthert JM, Nikolaus T, et al. Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: a systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med. 1999 Feb;48:445-69.
Influence of irrigation water salinity on optimal nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium liquid fertilizer rates for Spathiphyllum 'Petite'

Abstract The experiment was a 5 × 5 factorial composed of 5 fertilizer levels and 5 salinity levels applied to Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’. Fertilizer levels were 0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg/l (ppm) N from a 24N-3.4P-13.3K (24-8-16) soluble fertilizer. Salinity levels were 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/l (ppm) from NaCl:CaCl2 in a 1:1 equivalent ratio. Maximum growth was observed at 250 mg/l N and no salts. At the highest salinity level tested (2000 mg/l), maximum growth was observed at 125 mg/l N. Generally, as salinity level increased the measured growth parameters decreased. Leaf calcium, sodium, and chloride increased with increasing levels of salinity in the irrigation water. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium generally increased with increasing levels of fertilizer, but were not affected by salinity levels. It is possible that high sodium and chloride concentration in leaves produced an ion toxicity.
Interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is required for the maintenance of Epstein-Barr virus latency

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exhibits both lytic and latent (Lat. I, II, and III) phases in an infected individual. It’s during the latent phase of EBV that all EBV-associated cancers, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoproliferative disease arise. Interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is a well-established innate immune sensor and viral transcriptional regulator involved in response to invading DNA viruses. During latency, IFI16 remains in the nucleus, in part bound to the EBV genome; however, neither its role in EBV lytic cycle or latency has been established. Short interfering RNA against IFI16 and IFI16 overexpression were used to identify the role of IFI16 in the maintenance of EBV latency I. We also studied how induction of the lytic cycle affected IFI16 using the EBV positive, latently infected Akata or MUTU-1 cell lines. Akata cells were induced with TPA and MUTU-1 cells with TGF-β up to 96 h and changes in IFI16 protein were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. To assess the mechanism of IFI16 decrease, EBV DNA replication and late lytic transcripts were blocked using the viral DNA polymerase inhibitor phosphonoacetic acid. Knockdown of IFI16 mRNA by siRNA resulted in enhanced levels of EBV lytic gene expression from all temporal gene classes, as well as an increase in the total EBV genome abundance, whereas overexpression of exogenous IFI16 reversed these effects. Furthermore, 96 h after induction of the lytic cycle with either TPA (Akata) or TGF-β (MUTU-1), IFI16 protein levels decreased up to 80% as compared to the EBV-negative cell line BJAB. Reduction in IFI16 was observed in cells expressing EBV lytic envelope glycoprotein. The decreased levels of IFI16 protein do not appear to be dependent on late lytic transcripts of EBV but suggest involvement of the immediate early, early, or a combination of both gene classes. Reduction of IFI16 protein levels following lytic cycle induction, as well as reactivation from latency after IFI16 mRNA knockdown suggests that IFI16 is crucial for the maintenance of EBV latency. More importantly, these results identify IFI16 as a unique host factor protein involved in the EBV lifecycle, making it a potential therapeutic target to combat EBV-related malignancies.
The Social Construction of Warranting Evidence in Two Classrooms

This study examines how instructional conversations revealed the ways two teachers’ argumentative epistemologies (ideational and social process) shaped literacy events focused on the warranting of ...
Modeling of head injuries induced by golf ball impacts

ABSTRACTHead injuries induced by golf ball impacts are studied through computational modeling. A full human body model and a three-piece golf ball model are integrated to construct a new finite ele...
ABSOLUTELY SUMMING OPERATORS ON CX(S)

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses absolutely stunning operators on Cx(S). A bounded linear operator T : C(S) → Y is absolutely summing if μ is of bounded variation. In this case, the absolutely summing norm, π(T), is var(μ)(S). If Τ : CX(S) → Y is absolutely summing, the representing measure for T is of bounded variation. In general, the absolutely summing operators and the operators with representing measure of bounded variation do not coincide. It would, therefore, be desirable to give a characterization of the absolutely summing operators.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency of the Lower Limbs and its Socio-Economic Significance

The author, based on data furnished by the Brazilian Ministry of Social Welfare in the year 1983, draws attention to the socio-economic repercussion of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower limbs on the contributors to social security in the country. The available statistical data have been restricted to small population groups. A comprehensive study is made for the first time, which includes twenty-five million workers. Despite the high incidence of the disease, the numbers do not reflect entirely Brazilian reality, since social security in Brazil, in the specific case of diseases, grants benefit only to the contributor, and not to his dependents. Nevertheless, CVI ranks in the 14th place among the 50 principal diseases that cause absence from work which consequently give the right to receive the benefit from Brazilian Social Security.
Quality of Life in Patients With Healthy and Diseased Ileal Pouch

Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease of the colon that affects approximately 250,000 people in the United States and carries a significant disease burden with a negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Despite the advances in medical treatment for UC, surgery is still required in approximately 20% of the patients. The standard surgical procedure for UC patients requiring a colectomy is ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), which improves QoL and patient satisfaction. Surgery-associated adverse sequelae such as pelvic sepsis, pouch strictures, and pouchitis have a negative impact on QoL in patients with IPAA. Early diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is imperative to prevent pouch failure and further long-term adverse effect on QoL.
RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN 198 (ATCC-11229) TO PHENOL1

Escherichia coli, P.H.S. strain number 198 (A.T.C.C.-11229), has been extensively used in germicide tests. In the 1956 “Revision of Appendix F, Bactericidal Treatment, Milk Ordinance and Code — 1953 Recommendations of the Public Health Service” it is suggested that resistance of the culture, “using a well known chemical such as phenol”, be determined. Data presented show the resistance of this culture to phenol, using the A.O.A.C. phenol-coefficient test.
Oneness Pentecostalism, the Two-Minds View, and the Problem of Jesus's Prayers

Even thirty years after Thomas Morris wrote The Logic of God Incarnate, there are some claims that Morris makes that require examination in analytic Christology. One of those claims is a concession that Morris gives to modalists near the end of the book, where he says that the two–minds view he has defended can be used to provide a consistent modalistic understanding of Jesus’s prayer life. This view, he says, blocks the inference from the fact that Jesus prays to the Father to the additional claim that Jesus and the Father are numerically distinct. I argue that Oneness Pentecostals can appropriate central concepts from The Logic of God Incarnate as Morris suggests, and further that this means Oneness Pentecostals should abandon the claim that Jesus believes he just is the Father. Once Oneness Pentecostals abandon this claim, they can give a possible explanation of how it is that Jesus relates to the Father in prayer even though he just is the Father.
What did Joseph Stalin really die of? A reappraisal of his illness, death, and autopsy findings.

Abstract Joseph Stalin was one of the most important world leaders during the first half of the 20th century. He died suddenly in early March 1953 after a short illness, which was described in a series of medical bulletins in the Soviet newspaper Pravda. Based on both the clinical history and autopsy findings, it was concluded that Stalin had died of a massive hemorrhagic stroke involving his left cerebral hemisphere. However, almost 50 years later, a counter-narrative developed suggesting a more nefarious explanation for his sudden death, namely, that a “poison,” warfarin, a potent anticoagulant, had been administered surreptitiously by one or more of his close associates during the early morning hours prior to the onset of his stroke. In the present report, we will examine this counter-narrative and suggest that his death was not due to the administration of warfarin but rather to a hypertension-related cerebrovascular accident resulting in a massive hemorrhagic stroke involving his left cerebral hemisphere. The counter-narrative was based on the misunderstanding of certain specific autopsy findings, namely, the presence of focal myocardial and petechial hemorrhages in the gastric and intestinal mucosa, which could be attributed to the extracranial pathophysiologic changes that can occur as a consequence of a stroke rather than the highly speculative counter-narrative that Stalin was “poisoned” by the administration of warfarin.
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF ANGIOGRAPHY-BASED FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE IN SUBGROUPS: REPORT FROM THE FAST-FFR STUDY

A large, prospective, multicenter trial recently showed that fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived from coronary angiography (FFRangio) has an accuracy of 92% compared with conventional guide-wire based FFR (FFRwire); however, little is known whether specific patient/lesion subsets affect diagnostic
FDA Approval Summary: Brentuximab Vedotin in First‐Line Treatment of Peripheral T‐Cell Lymphoma

In November 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved brentuximab vedotin (BV) for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma or other CD30-expressing peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), including angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and PTCL not otherwise specified, in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CHP). Approval was based on ECHELON-2, a randomized, double-blind, actively controlled trial that compared BV+CHP with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) in 452 patients with newly diagnosed, CD30-expressing PTCL. Efficacy was based on independent review facility-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median PFS was 48.2 months with BV+CHP versus 20.8 months with CHOP, resulting in a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.93). The trial also demonstrated improvement in overall survival (HR 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46-0.95), complete response rate (68% vs. 56%), and overall response rate (83% vs. 72%) with BV+CHP. The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) observed ≥2% more with BV+CHP were nausea, diarrhea, fatigue or asthenia, mucositis, pyrexia, vomiting, and anemia. Peripheral neuropathy rates were similar (52% with BV+CHP, 55% with CHOP). Through the Real-Time Oncology Review pilot program, which allows FDA early access to key data, FDA granted this approval less than 2 weeks after official submission of the application. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This is the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for treatment of patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). Improvement in progression-free and overall survival over cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy, which has been the standard of care for decades, is unprecedented. The new regimen represents a major advance for the frontline treatment of patients with CD30-expressing PTCL.
Stage-Based Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Heart Failure

Type 2 diabetes negatively impacts heart failure outcomes. Insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, and altered cellular substrate metabolism each have a mechanistic role. Management strategies focused solely on glycemic control have had limited success. However, three new classes of drugs, each with several options, offer the promise of improved diabetes management in heart failure. Unlike earlier classes, these medications have had favorable cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we present a therapeutic guide for metabolic treatment based on the stages of heart failure.
Co(cyclam) alkynyl complexes of gem-DEE-aryl: Synthesis, molecular and electronic structures

Abstract Reported in this contribution are the syntheses of mono-alkynyl complexes [Co(cyclam)( gem- DEE-Ar)Cl]Cl (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacycloctetradecane; gem- DEE = geminal -diethynylethene) with Ar as either –C 6 H 4 -4-NO 2 ( 1 ) or –C 6 H 4 -4-NMe 2 ( 2 ) from the reactions between [Co(cyclam)Cl 2 ]Cl and H- gem- DEE-Ar under weak base conditions. Further reaction between compound 1 and Li- gem- DEE–C 6 H 4 –4-NMe 2 at −78 °C afforded the unsymmetric complex trans- [Co(cyclam)( gem- DEE–C 6 H 4 –4-NO 2 )( gem- DEE–C 6 H 4 –4-NMe 2 )]Cl ( 3 ). Providing structural features observed for other Co(cyclam) alkynyls, X-ray diffraction study also reveals the influence of the aryl substituent on the first coordination sphere of the Co(III) center. The presence of an aryl substituent also shifts the Co-based redox couples, and enables intense LMCT transitions that are absent in complexes of unsubstituted gem- DEE. These contrasts can be rationalized based on DFT calculations.
Psychological and Psychiatric Evaluation of the Spine Pain Patient: An Interface of the Mind/Body Dynamic

Spine pain specialists realize they must be aware of and address psychologic and psychiatric dimensions of their patients despite limited training in this realm. They are also aware that the condition they are treating influences and is influenced by the patient’s behavior. This chapter strives to guide these specialists toward a realistic approach to understanding and dealing with the interface of the mind-body dynamic. Clarification of neurobehavioral dualities including mind/body and endogenous versus exogenous interactions will be addressed, and there is an introduction to self-awareness as a critical component for effective empathy. Finally, some generalizable subjects will be discussed to bring these concepts together clinically.
Teaching Pitch Notation–Reading Skills:

The teaching of music-reading skills has been cited as a neglected area of music education needing improvement. Music reading is the process of translating notation into sounds. Producing the notat...
Maternal Mindfulness Is Associated With Lower Child Body Mass Index Z Score

ABSTRACT Background Parental mindfulness may be a novel intervention target for child obesity prevention. Objective To examine associations between maternal mindfulness and child body mass index z-score (BMIz). Methods In a secondary data analysis of pre-intervention data from a randomized controlled trial, we assessed survey and anthropometric data from English-speaking mother/child dyads enrolled in Head Start in south central Michigan (n=105). Surveys included demographic information, child dietary intake, family meal frequency, and the Philadelphia Mindfulness Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression examined associations between maternal mindfulness and child BMIz, child intake of fruits and vegetables, and frequency of family meals. Results Children were M=53.7 (SD 7.5) months old, and mothers were M=31.6 (SD 8.3) years old. The sample of children was 39% white, 26% black, 14% Hispanic, and 35% of children were overweight or obese. Mean maternal BMI was 32.0 (SD 8.3). Greater mindfulness was associated with child BMIz (β=-0.02 (SE 0.01), p=.027) adjusting for child race/ethnicity, household food security, maternal education, maternal age, and maternal BMI. Mindfulness was not associated with child fruit intake, child vegetable intake or frequency of family meals. The results were consistent with alternative outcomes of BMI percentile (p=.016) and BMI at the trend level (p=.0595) at the trend level. Conclusions Greater maternal mindfulness was associated with lower child BMIz. Future work should consider mechanisms of association. Pediatric providers might consider supporting maternal mindfulness as one element of multicomponent strategies for child obesity prevention.
Grid-Following Inverters and Synchronous Condensers: A Grid-Forming Pair?

As power systems across the globe continue to achieve higher instantaneous penetrations of power electronic converter-interfaced renewable sources, the stability of these power systems is challenged because of the removal of synchronous machines, from which stability is traditionally derived. Although technological solutions to these stability challenges are on the horizon, such as the use of grid-forming inverters, they are not yet widely applied to larger power systems, which presents operational challenges for power systems achieving these high instantaneous penetrations today. A potential interim solution using existing technologies is to pair synchronous condensers with grid-following inverters, which might prolong the stability of an operating power system while synchronous generators are turned off during periods of high renewable energy availability. This work examines the transient stability of such a solution using PSCAD simulations of a two-bus system coupled to a varied-length transmission line, with a synchronous condenser at one bus and a grid-following inverter with grid-support functionality at the other. The system is exposed to load step, balanced fault, and unbalanced fault perturbations. It was found that this simple system returned to a steady state for transmission line lengths up to 125 km after 10% load steps, or a variety of fault types.
The Radio Spectrum of TVLM 513-46546: Constraints on the Coronal Properties of a Late M Dwarf

We explore the radio emission from the M9 dwarf TVLM 513-46546 at multiple radio frequencies, determining the flux spectrum of persistent radio emission, as well as constraining the levels of circular polarization. Detections at both 3.6 and 6 cm provide a spectral index measurement α (where Sν ∝ να) of -0.4 ± 0.1. A detection at 20 cm suggests that the spectral peak is between 1.4 and 5 GHz. The most stringent upper limits on circular polarization are at 3.6 and 6 cm, with V/I < 15%. These characteristics agree well with those of typical parameters for early- to mid-type M dwarfs, confirming that magnetic activity is present at levels comparable with those extrapolated from earlier M dwarfs. We apply analytic models to investigate the coronal properties under simple assumptions of dipole magnetic field geometry and radially varying nonthermal electron density distributions. Requiring the spectrum to be optically thin at frequencies higher than 5 GHz and reproducing the observed 3.6 cm fluxes constrains the magnetic field at the base to be less than about 500 G. There is no statistically significant periodicity in the 3.6 cm light curve, but it is consistent with low-level variability.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Pre-Treated Dry-Process Rubber-Modified Asphalt Binders and Dense-Graded Mixtures:

Pre-treatment of ground tire rubber is emerging as a popular method to incorporate rubber particles in dense-graded asphalt mixtures. This study investigates the effects of a chemically engineered ...
Fiduciary Duties and Securities Brokers: A Need For a Uniform Standard

There has been a close examination of the standards of conduct for brokers and investment advisers. The Securities and Exchange Commission recently adopted Regulation Best Interest. Notwithstanding the SEC's adoption of this new standard, several states have examined the state level standards applicable to brokers and investment advisers and have proposed new rules. This article describes the SEC's reg BI as well as the actions in Nevada, New Jersey, and New York.
Responsive pedagogical love as mitigation against antiblackness

Previous research suggested that within high schools first- or second-generation African immigrants endure systemic racism in the form of zero tolerance discipline policies, academic tracking, and ...
On Paul Zimmer

Paul Zimmer is fond of apples. "In Apple Country" transforms the image of "Apple Blight," the earliest poem saved in this Selected, and he includes several other uses of the image. The late poem makes it one of plenitude. An imagined, or suspected plenitude must quicken any no tion of forbidden fruit, at least so I assume. This imagining is serene, however, and unencumbered with guilt, though it can neither be quite right nor permissible.
Fracture Testing of Simulated FRP Repairs

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have excellent strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. This has led to their adoption in a number of weight-critical applications. One example is in the area of wind energy. Most wind turbine blades are fabricated partially or completely out of composite materials. During the manufacturing process, part defects are sometimes observed. The part can either be repaired, typically by removing the defective region and then applying a repair, or the entire part can be scrapped – an expensive option for 40 m + blades. A local repair is a more desirable option. Repairs, however, result in a discontinuity of the reinforcement and the potential for the repaired portion to prematurely fail in service. The current work details an effort to optimize a resin for scarf repair of glass-reinforced polyester composite structures. Results from mixed-mode testing on simulated composite repairs are presented and compared with previous Mode-I and fatigue results.
Chapter 5: Ion Permeation Through Connexin Gap Junction Channels: Effects on Conductance and Selectivity

Publisher Summary This chapter develops the thermodynamic definitions of ionic conductance and permeability and reviews some of the connexin literature to assess the level of the current knowledge and understanding of how homotypic, heterotypic, and heteromeric connexin gap junction channels might function. Connexin hemichannel conductance and permeability data are also considered in the chapter because they provide meaningful information about the existence of a selectivity filter within each half of an intact gap junction channel. Hemichannel data is also necessary to help determine if the extracellular interface influences the channel conductance and permeability, because one is replacing the aqueous extracellular environment with a specific protein environment where the internal pore is now isolated from the external milieu. Maximum ionic channel conductances, ionic mole fraction effects, ionic conductance and permeability ratios, and ionic blockade are the parameters for connexin hemichannels and gap junction channels to determine the ionic affinities, ionic interactions, electrostatic potential, and excess chemical potential contributions to the ion permeation mechanisms of connexin channels. Quantitative determination of these parameters and the effects of pH and ionic strength on the relative ionic conductances and permeabilities enable researchers to develop accurate mathematical models for connexin channels based on existing thermodynamic principles and theories for electrodiffusion.
Improving soft-error tolerance of FPGA configuration bits

Soft errors that change configuration bits of an SRAM based FPGA modify the functionality of the design. The proliferation of FPGA devices in various critical applications makes it important to increase their immunity to soft errors. In this work, we propose the use of an asymmetric SRAM (ASRAM) structure that is optimized for soft error immunity and leakage when storing a preferred value. The key to our approach is the observation that the configuration bitstream is composed of 87% of zeros across different designs. Consequently, the use of ASRAM cell optimized for storing a zero (ASRAM-0) reduces the failure in time by 25% as compared to the original design. We also present an optimization that increases the number of zeros in the bitstream while preserving the functionality.
Sodium Nitromalonaldehyde Monohydrate

Sodium Nitromalonaldehyde Monohydrate product: sodium nitromalonaldehyde monohydrate Keywords: sodium nitromalonaldehyde monohydrate, shock sensitive, explosive; addition funnels, Hershberg
Hardware for Motion Estimation

Typically, two consecutive frames of a video sequence are very similar. This observation is the basis of block-based motion-compensated coding, where a frame is coded based on its difference from another frame. In practice, frames are divided into blocks. For a block in the current frame (called the reference block), motion estimation is the process of finding a block in the prior frame that matches best (according to a given criterion) its characteristics. A motion vector identifies the position of the best block relatively to the reference block. The search for the best matching block is done in a rectangular area (called the search window) around the relative position of the reference block. Figure 11.1 shows a search window that extends p pixels to the left and top and p- 1 pixels to the right and bottom ofan M × N reference block. This is usually referred to as a [-p, p - 1] search window. In most video applications, the reference block is 16 × 16 pixels and the search window is 31 × 31 pixels (p = 8).
Interaction of retroviral reverse transcriptase with template-primer duplexes during replication.

Conversion of the single-stranded RNA of an invading retrovirus into double-stranded proviral DNA is catalyzed in a multi-step process by a single virus-coded enzyme, reverse transcriptase (RT). Achieving this requires a combination of DNA polymerase abd ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities, which are located at the amino and carboxy terminus of the enzyme, respectively. Moreover, proviral DNA synthesis requires that three structurally-distinct nucleic acid duplexes are accommodated by this enzyme, namely (a) A-form RNA (initiation of minus strand synthesis), non-A, non-B RNA/DNA hybrid (minus strand synthesis and initiation of plus strand synthesis) and B-form duplex DNA (plus strand synthesis). This review summarizes our current understanding of the manner in which retroviral RT interacts with this diverse array of nucleic acid duplexes, exploiting in many cases mutants unable to catalyze a specific event. These studies illustrate that seemingly ‘simple’ events such as tRNA-primed initiation of minus strand synthesis are considerably more complex, involving intermolecular tRNA-viral RNA interactions outside the primer binding site. Moreover, RNase H activity, generally thought to catalyze non-specific degradation of the BNA-DNA replicative intermediate, is required for highly specialized events including DNA strand transfer and polypurine selection. Finally, a unique structure near the center of HIV proviral DNA, the central termination sequence, serves to halt the replication machinery in a manner analogous to termination of transciption. As these highly specialized events are better understood at the molecular level, they may open new avenues of therapeutic intervention in the continuing effort to stem the progression of HIV infection and AIDS, © 1998 Academic Press
A Low-Latency TDMA Scheduler for Multi-hop Cluster Based MANETs with Directional Antennas

For Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) applications which involve large propagation delays and/or directional antennas, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Medium Access Control (MAC) is a resource- and bandwidth-efficient solution. Meanwhile, clustering is a solution to the scalability and high mobility which is commonly required by MANETs. Here we develop a system which combines a TDMA MAC using directional antennas with the Multi-Meshed Tree (MMT) algorithm, which handles clustering and routing tasks. Some of the benefits of this combination include being able to synchronously schedule all intra-cluster routes as they are formed, being able to optimize the intra-cluster schedules for low latency, and being able to calculate these schedules with knowledge of only the intra-cluster topology, which is already maintained by MMT. We first analytically determine the end-to-end latency under various cases, and then confirm these results for several cases through OPNET simulation. Additionally, we note the high degree of slot re-use which is possible due to the use of directional antennas, which is demonstrated by the simulation results.
Kinetic simulations of an electron beam penetrating a density gradient

Summary form only given. In X- ray radiography, an electron beam hits a high Z target material, resulting in the X-ray pulse for the radiograph. In multiphase radiography, a quick succession of electron beam pulses hits the target and generates multiple X-ray pulses. All electron beam pulses but the first must penetrate the material near the target which was blown off by previous pulses. This report presents 3D kinetic simulations of a 18 MeV electron beam propagating through initial density gradients representative of the blow off plasma after it has evolved for various times. The stability of the beam, the increase of emittance, and the change in the distribution function of the beam will be addressed.
Characterization of two mutant metJ proteins with reduced, temperature-dependent capacity to regulate Escherichia coli K-12 met regulon elements.

Abstract At 28 degrees C, but not at 34 or 42 degrees C, strains with the metJ193 allele repressed chromosomal met genes but not a plasmid-borne met promoter. Increasing the metJ193 gene dosage to two copies resulted in overrepression of chromosomal and plasmid-borne met promoters at 28 degrees C. Suppressing the metJ185 amber mutation with supF (tRNATyr) produced the MetJ185F protein. Strains producing MetJ185F repressed chromosomal met promoters but not a plasmid-borne met promoter at 42 degrees C. These are the first known defective MetJ proteins with documented temperature-dependent function.
Reconstructive Surgery for Ischial Ulcer

Ischial ulcer is common among spinal cord injury patients as a result of sitting for prolonged periods of time without pressure relief or without a proper wheelchair cushion, which is an important tool to relieve pressure on insensate skin in that area. This ulcer accounts for about 23 % of all pressure ulcers. This type of ulcer is seen in the active stage of a patient’s life after injury, when the patient is discharged to home after rehabilitation to start a new life and adapt to sitting in a wheelchair.
Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in throwing athletes: a review of current concepts. AAOS exhibit selection.

Isolated ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury from repetitive throwing was first described by Waris in 1946 in javelin throwers1. Although these injuries were once considered career-ending for athletes, a surgical technique pioneered by Jobe in 1974 facilitated successful return to competition2. Since that time, modifications of the original procedure have resulted in improved clinical results. The present article provides a comprehensive review of current concepts related to UCL injury in throwing athletes, including a review of relevant anatomy and biomechanics, the mechanism of UCL injury and associated elbow pathology, and the evolution of UCL reconstruction procedures and clinical outcomes. The UCL is composed of three bundles: anterior, posterior, and oblique; the oblique bundle is commonly termed the transverse ligament3,4 (Fig. 1). Gross anatomical studies have demonstrated that the anterior bundle is easily distinguished from the underlying joint capsule5,6. The anterior bundle consists of two separate histological layers: the deeper layer is composed of collagen bundles contained within the capsule, and the shallower layer is a distinct ligamentous structure superficial to the capsule7. The anterior bundle originates from the anteroinferior edge of the medial humeral epicondyle and inserts onto the sublime tubercle of the ulna. There is a distinct ridge on the sublime tubercle that divides the anterior bundle into two equally sized bands, the anterior and posterior bands5,6 (Fig. 2). The area of the origin of the anterior bundle on the medial humeral epicondyle is 45.5 ± 9.3 mm2, whereas the insertion on the sublime tubercle is much broader, measuring 127 ± 35.7 mm2 (Fig. 3)6. Fig. 1 Anatomy of the ulnar collateral ligament. (Reproduced from: Conway JE, Jobe FW, Glousman RE, Pink M. Medial instability of the elbow in …
Stable-isotope probing of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial guild in a contaminated soil

The bacteria responsible for the degradation of naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, or benz[a]anthracene in a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil were investigated by DNA-based stable-isotope probing (SIP). Clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes were generated from the 13C-enriched (“heavy”) DNA recovered from each SIP experiment, and quantitative PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene were developed to measure the abundances of many of the SIP-identified sequences. Clone libraries from the SIP experiments with naphthalene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene primarily contained sequences related to bacteria previously associated with the degradation of those compounds. However, Pigmentiphaga-related sequences were newly associated with naphthalene and phenanthrene degradation, and sequences from a group of uncultivated γ-Proteobacteria known as Pyrene Group 2 were newly associated with fluoranthene and benz[a]anthracene degradation. Pyrene Group 2-related sequences were the only sequences recovered from the clone library generated from SIP with pyrene, and they were 82% of the sequences recovered from the clone library generated from SIP with benz[a]anthracene. In time-course experiments with each substrate in unlabeled form, the abundance of each of the measured groups increased in response to the corresponding substrate. These results provide a comprehensive description of the microbial ecology of a PAH-contaminated soil as it relates to the biodegradation of PAHs from two to four rings, and they underscore that bacteria in Pyrene Group 2 are well-suited for the degradation of four-ring PAHs.
Inherent DNA curvature and flexibility correlate with TATA box functionality.

Abstract: Four 1.5 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on the d(GCTATA-AAAGGG) z d(CCCTTTTATAGC) double helix dodecamer bearing the Adenovirus major latepromoter TATA element and three iso-composition mutants for which physical and biochemical dataare available from the same laboratory. Three of these DNA sequences experimentally induce tightbinding with the TATA box binding protein (TBP) and induce high transcription rates; the otherDNA sequence induces much lower TBP binding and transcription. The x-ray crystal structureshave previously shown that the duplex DNA in DNA–TBP complexes are highly bent. We performedand analyzed MD simulations for these four DNAs, whose experimental structures are not available,in order to address the issue of whether inherent DNA structure and ﬂexibility play a role inestablishing these observed preferences. A comparison of the experimental and simulated resultsdemonstrated that DNA duplex sequence-dependent curvature and ﬂexibility play a signiﬁcant rolein TBP recognition, binding, and transcriptional activation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Biopoly 46: 403–415, 1998Keywords: molecular dynamics; DNA curvature; DNA ﬂexibility; TATA box functionality; TATAbox binding protein (TBP); TBP recognition; TBP binding; TBP transcriptional activation
Brightness contrast and length perception in the Müller-Lyer illusion.

Abstract In the first experiment subjects judged the lengths of Muller-Lyer figures presented tachistoscopically. Both halves of the illusion increased with an increase in the ratio of the contrast between obliques and ground to the contrast between horizontal and ground. In the second experiment a new illusion was established—the three-segment line illusion. Subjects overestimated the center segment of a three-segment line if the center and the ends of the line were all lighter or all darker than the ground. The amount of illusion increased with an increase in the ratio of the contrast between the ends and the ground to the contrast between the center and the ground.
Roles of serine/threonine phosphatases in hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

The regulation of glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission has a critical role in many aspects of behaviour. Great effort has gone into understanding the signal transduction cascades and effectors recruited in these processes, and protein phosphorylation has been identified as an important element. Although initial research in the field focused on the activity-dependent activation of kinases and the kinase dependence of various forms of synaptic plasticity, it has become increasingly clear that phosphatases have an equally dynamic and critical role in the activity-dependent alterations of synaptic transmission. Here, we review the roles of serine/threonine phosphatases in synaptic plasticity.
Business and government—A new partnership?☆

Abstract This paper aims to summarize the conflict for business between two opposed political philosophies in the United States—the liberal philosophy advocating social responsibility and government regulation and the conservative philosophy supporting free markets in order to regenerate industry. The author points out the strenghts and limitations of each approach and then describes a third perspective which is aimed at reconciling the left and right wing positions.
Heroin use and criminal careers

The relationship between heroin use and crime has been the subject of continuing debate. While the principle focus of this debate has been the causal nexus between heroin and crime, a related controversy exists regarding the nature of addict criminality. Some have argued that heroin addicts are impulsive and opportunistic criminals, while others maintain that addicts are sophisticated criminal entrepreneurs. The present study based on career history interviews with 30 “hard core” street addicts, suggests that both positions may be relevant at different times in the addict's career. These addicts clearly identified a preferred “main hustle,” but did find it necessary to deviate from their main hustle at various times in their careers. This paper seeks to identify those conditions under which addicts are likely to maintain and, conversely, deviate from established patterns of criminality.
Hölder continuity and minimal displacement

Let M be a bounded metric space and suppose satisfies for some fixed for all x,y€M. It is shown that under this assumption, for certain spaces M there will always exist z€M such that . If M is a convex subset of a Banach space, then weak compactness and normal structure suffice. If M is a hyperconvex metric space (in particular, if M is an intersection of closed balls in l∞) then there always exists z €M such that . Mappings of the type considered arise naturally. For example if K is a convex subset of a Banach space and if h,p€(0,1], then mappings which are Holder continuous in the sense obviously satisfy the weaker condition.
A three-field (displacement–pressure–concentration) formulation for coupled transport–deformation problems

Abstract This paper provides a three-field finite element formulation for the evaluation of coupled transport–deformation problems. A stabilized advection–diffusion–reaction model is employed to idealize the mass transport of an aggressive environmental agent within a solid medium, whereas the deformation response of the medium is formulated using the mixed finite element approach with pressure and displacement as unknown variables. The proposed model accurately captures the pressure and pressure gradient fields that characterize the reaction and advection terms of the mass transport model. The concentration-dependent viscoplastic deformation response is idealized using a generalized Johnson–Cook plasticity model. The accuracy characteristics of the proposed three-field formulation are assessed by numerical simulations, which indicate the significance of accurate estimation of pressure at high stress gradient zones for correct characterization of mass transport.
Neuronal–glial alterations in non-primary motor areas in chronic subcortical stroke

Whether functional changes of the non-primary motor areas, e.g., dorsal premotor (PMd) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas, after stroke, reflect reorganization phenomena or recruitment of a pre-existing motor network remains to be clarified. We hypothesized that cellular changes in these areas would be consistent with their involvement in post-stroke reorganization. Specifically, we expected that neuronal and glial compartments would be altered in radiologically normal-appearing, i.e., spared, PMd and SMA in patients with arm paresis. Twenty survivors of a single ischemic subcortical stroke and 16 age-matched healthy controls were included. At more than six months after stroke, metabolites related to neuronal and glial compartments: N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol, and glutamate/glutamine, were quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in PMd and SMA in both injured (ipsilesional) and un-injured (contralesional) hemispheres. Correlations between metabolites were also calculated. Finally, relationships between metabolite concentrations and arm motor impairment (total and proximal Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity, FMUE, scores) were analyzed. Compared to controls, stroke survivors showed significantly higher ipsilesional PMd myo-inositol and lower SMA N-acetylaspartate. Significantly lower metabolite correlations were found between ipsilesional and contralesional SMA. Ipsilesional N-acetylaspartate was significantly related to proximal FMUE scores. This study provides evidence of abnormalities in metabolites, specific to neuronal and glial compartments, across spared non-primary motor areas. Ipsilesional alterations were related to proximal arm motor impairment. Our results suggest the involvement of these areas in post-stroke reorganization.
Steady-state and transient defect populations in KH 2 PO 4 subsequent to high-fluence laser irradiation

Microscopic fluorescence imaging and time-resolved Raman scattering are employed to investigate the effect of high power 355 nm laser irradiation on preexisting and transient defect populations in KH 2 PO 4 . Defect clusters in the bulk of KDP crystals are imaged with 1 micron spatial resolution using their NIR emission. The intensity of the emission clusters varies widely within the image field. The exposure of the crystal at high power 355 nm, 3 ns laser irradiation leads to a reduction of the number of observed optically active centers. In addition, time resolved Raman scattering was employed to study the transient generation of defects during high power 355 nm laser irradiation.
Electrical stimulation-evoked dopamine release in the primate striatum.

Background: Primate studies demonstrate that high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of the caudate can enhance learning. Importantly, in these studies, stimu
Resident Corneal Cells Communicate with Neutrophils Leading to the Production of IP-10 during the Primary Inflammatory Response to HSV-1 Infection

In this study we show that murine and human neutrophils are capable of secreting IP-10 in response to communication from the HSV-1 infected cornea and that they do so in a time frame associated with the recruitment of CD8(+) T cells and CXCR3-expressing cells. Cellular markers were used to establish that neutrophil influx corresponded in time to peak IP-10 production, and cellular depletion confirmed neutrophils to be a significant source of IP-10 during HSV-1 corneal infection in mice. A novel ex vivo model for human corneal tissue infection with HSV-1 was used to confirm that cells resident in the cornea are also capable of stimulating neutrophils to secrete IP-10. Our results support the hypothesis that neutrophils play a key role in T-cell recruitment and control of viral replication during HSV-1 corneal infection through the production of the T-cell recruiting chemokine IP-10.
Preferred orientations of rigid particles in a viscous matrix deformed by pure shear and simple shear

Abstract The behavior of a group of rigid particles embedded in a viscous material which is strained by pure shear and simple shear is investigated by considering the behavior of each of the individual particles in the system. The resulting behavior of the group is thus obtained. For a group of particles, randomly distributed, which are subjected to equivalent amounts of pure shear and simple shear strain, it was found that the resulting fabric for the two types of deformation could be quite different. For increasing pure shear deformation it was found that the degree of alignment of the particles increased monotonically. For increasing simple shear deformation the degree of alignment was found to oscillate. By considering only the final fabric it was not found possible to uniquely ascertain the type or amount of deformation.
Fabrication of indium bumps for hybrid infrared focal plane array applications

Abstract Hybrid infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) have found many applications. In hybrid IR FPAs, FPA and Si read out integrated circuits (ROICs) are bonded together with indium bumps by flip-chip bonding. Taller and higher uniformity indium bumps are always being pursued in FPA fabrication. In this paper, two indium bump fabrication processes based on evaporation and electroplating techniques are developed. Issues related to each fabrication technique are addressed in detail. The evaporation technique is based on a unique positive lithography process. The electroplating method achieves taller indium bumps with a high aspect ratio by a unique “multi-stack” technique. This technique could potentially benefit the fabrication of multi-color FPAs. Finally, a proposed low-cost indium bump fabrication technique, the “bump transfer”, is given as a future technology for hybrid IR FPA fabrication.