cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RNA extraction from equine samples for equine influenza virus.

The primary goals of this chapter are to discuss common viral RNA isolation and purification methods that are routinely used by various diagnostic laboratories and to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each method and to identify the most suitable and reliable method to increase the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR assays for the detection of equine influenza virus (EIV) in clinical specimens. Our experiences and review of literature show that magnetic bead-based nucleic extraction methods (manual and automatic) work well for isolation and purification of EIV RNA from nasal swab specimens. Furthermore, most of the information presented in this chapter could be directly applicable to isolation and purification of nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA) from other equine clinical samples.
Ore genesis at La Colorada Ag-Zn-Pb deposit in Zacatecas, Mexico

La Colorada, in Zacatecas State, Mexico is an epithermal Ag-Zn-Pb system hosted in Mesozoic calcareous sedimentary rocks overlain by Tertiary volcanic rocks. The dominant vein is associated with a fault system that accommodates Tertiary normal and strike-slip faulting. The ore consists of fahlore [(Cu,Ag) 1 0 (Zn,Fe) 2 (Sb,As) 4 S 1 3 ], polybasite [(Ag,Cu) 1 6 Sb 2 S 1 1 ]-pearceite [(Ag,Cu) 1 6 As 2 S 1 1 ] solid solution, pyrargyrite [Ag 3 SbS 3 ]-proustite [Ag 3 AsS 3 ] solid solution, acanthite-argentite [Ag 2 S], and native silver; associated sulphides include galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The Ag:Sb of the bulk concentrate from the mine is 1.076 and the Ag:Pb is 0.088. Compositions of the assemblages fahlore + pyrargyrite-proustite + sphalerite, and fahlore + polybasite-pearceite solid solution + (Ag,Cu) 2 S solid solution + sphalerite encapsulated in quartz and sphalerite indicate a primary depositional temperature of ∼325°C for a depth between 725 and 960 m below the inferred palaeosurface, which is in accord with fluid-inclusion data for higher elevations in the mine.
Negotiating Pedagogy Development: Learning to Teach Writing in a Service-Learning Context.

Abstract Research has called for courses to be developed that provide preservice teachers opportunities to actively engage their pedagogies under construction in order to effectively translate their beliefs into sound instructional practice. This article presents research that examined how a service-learning writing tutoring program affected preservice teachers' pedagogy of writing instruction. Students enrolled in the course Teaching Writing in Elementary School spent an hour each week during a semester at a local community center working as writing tutors with elementary students. The service-learning experience represented a “third space” of interaction, where course requirements and children's needs converged. The preservice teachers experienced pedagogical dissonance as they experienced tension in “working the hyphen” between the service and the learning. A negotiation model emerged from the preservice teachers' experiences, which this article shares and explains through the description of three pres...
Effect of Freestream Noise on Roughness-Induced Transition for the X-51A Forebody

A 20%-scale X-51A forebody model was tested in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel. Repolishing the nozzle throat has restored quiet flow at high Reynolds numbers. The effect of a smooth blank and two different trip strips on windward-forebody transition was measured using temperature-sensitive paint and hot-wire anemometry. Reducing freestream noise from conventional to quiet levels increased the smooth-wall transition Reynolds number by a factor of at least 2.2. In addition, the transition Reynolds number based on the distance from the trips increased by a factor of 2.4 for the smaller trips and by a factor of 1.7 for the larger trips. Thus, tunnel noise had a substantial effect on roughness-induced transition.
On the theory of charge-transfer biexciton spectra of molecular crystals

The theory of charge-transfer biexciton spectra of molecular crystals is generalized to include the specific case where the organic crystal contains two molecules (atoms) per unit cell. Using the effective Hamiltonian derived in our previous study, the excitation spectrum is calculated in the limit of zero temperature. It is found that for the model under consideration, the excitation spectrum consists of three excitation bands; two of them describe the charge-transfer biexciton bands, and the third represents the unperturbed Davydov component. Expressions for the energies of excitation are developed and discussed in detail.
Clinicopathologic study of glioblastoma in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by low-grade tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. There is also an increased risk of developing malignant tumors. Glioblastoma is an uncommon, malignant tumor of children that is even less frequently observed in children with NF1. Procedure We performed a retrospective review of patients with NF1 and glioblastoma to determine specific clinical and pathologic indicators of overall prognosis. Results Five patients were identified from the CHB/DFCI database for whom pathologic and imaging studies were available. All pathologic specimens demonstrated vascular proliferation and necrosis. All samples stained positively for p53. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) copy numbers was increased, PTEN copy numbers were normal and the promoter of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene was unmethylated in the one patient evaluated. In the same time period, there were 56 patients without NF1 diagnosed with glioblastoma who were treated at our institution. Although the small sample size precludes formal statistical analysis, the 2-year survival of patients with NF1 is 60% with median overall survival of 9.25 years compared to non-NF1 patients with a 2-year survival of 25% and median overall survival 1.08 years. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that children with NF1 may be at risk for glioblastoma, but that these patients have an increased survival compared to children without NF1. Additional molecular studies will be required to determine if the pathogenesis of these tumors differs from glioblastoma in children without NF1. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:890–896 © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Studies on Identifying the Catalytic Role of Glu-204 in the Active Site of Yeast Invertase

In a previous study on yeast invertase (Reddy, A., and Maley, F. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10817-10820), we identified Asp-23 through the procedures of affinity labeling and site-directed mutagenesis as a catalytic nucleophile. In the present study we undertook to determine other residues involved in the catalytic process. Earlier studies suggested histidine as a potential proton donor in the hydrolysis of sucrose, but by mutagenizing each of the enzyme's four histidines this amino acid was eliminated from consideration. Another candidate appeared to be cysteine, since iodine at about a 2-fold molar excess inactivated invertase by modifying both of the enzyme's cysteine residues. Dithiothreitol treatment restored the sulfhydryl groups and enzyme activity. Replacement of each of the cysteines with alanines revealed that C108A invertase retained full activity whereas C205A was reduced about 4-fold in its kcat. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of fructosylhydrolases revealed a conserved region coincident with Glu-204/Cys-205. Mutagenizing Glu-204 to Ala resulted in a 3,000-fold reduction in the kcat of invertase indicating that Glu-204 plays a major role in catalysis. Based on these findings, a mechanism is proposed for the hydrolysis of sucrose which involves Asp-23 as a nucleophile and Glu-204 as an acid/base catalyst.
Extended physical maps and a consensus physical map of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.).

Extended physical maps of chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) were constructed with 107 DNA clones and 45 homoeologous group-6 deletion lines. Two-hundred and ten RFLP loci were mapped, including three orthologous loci with each of 34 clones, two orthologous loci with each of 31 clones, one locus with 40 clones, two paralogous loci with one clone, and four loci, including three orthologs and one paralog, with one clone. Fifty five, 74 and 81 loci were mapped in 6A, 6B and 6D, respectively. The linear orders of the mapped orthologous loci in 6A, 6B and 6D appear to be identical and 65 loci were placed on a group-6 consensus physical map. Comparison of the consensus physical map with eight linkage maps of homoeologous group-6 chromosomes from six Triticeaespecies disclosed that the linear orders of the loci on the maps are largely, if not entirely, conserved. The relative distributions of loci on the physical and linkage maps differ markedly, however. On most of the linkage maps, the loci are either distributed relatively evenly or clustered around the centromere. In contrast, approximately 90% of the loci on the three physical maps are located either in the distal one-half or the distal two-thirds of the six chromosome arms and most of the loci are clustered in two or three segments in each chromosome.
Blockade of TCFβ3 up-regulation of p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1) by expression of RasN17 in epithelial cells

Blockade of TGFβ 3 up-regulation of p27 Kip1 and p21 Cip1 by expression of RasN17 in epithelial cells
Liberty and Justice for All? The Paradox of Governmental Rhetoric

Although all organizational discourse (mis)represents various publics' interests it is supposed to represent, this study highlights the paradoxical nature of government rhetoric. Using Cincinnati's announcements of urban renewal as a case study, this essay discusses how the nature of organizational rhetoric opens this form of discourse up to sharper claims of illegitimacy and explores the various ways the nature of city government problematizes organizational rhetoric. Due to its possible condemning nature, especially as it relates to the interests of minority publics and their subsequent marginalization in eminent domain battles, this essay demonstrates the power and, at times, the adverse effects of governmental rhetoric and encourages scholars to engage in future research that further explores the distinguishing characteristics of government rhetoric and the implications surrounding its use.
4 MUTATIONS OF THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE IN THE ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME. (AIS)

Androgen receptor (AR) gene was studied in 8 patients with AIS diagnosed clinically and biochemically. All had 46,XY karyotype and bilateral testes. Four with complete form had normal female external genitalia and breast development at puberty. Four with partial AIS had ambiguous genitalia and gynecomastia. In order to identify the AR mutations individual exons of the human AR gene were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis after amplification of genomic DNA by PCR. Altered exons were sequenced. In 5 of the 8 patients a point mutation in the hormone binding domain of the AR gene was found. With this methodology new mutations of the AR gene were detected in most of the patients studied.
Public perceptions of the relative seriousness of inflation and unemployment in the United States

We analyse the determinants of the public's relative concerns about inflation and unemployment using responses to the Gallup Poll question on the relative seriousness of inflation and unemployment. We then estimate the rate of inflation that politicians will choose to impose on the US economy given the natural rate of unemployment. We find that this rate of inflation, which we call ‘the natural rate of inflation’, is in the region of 5%.
Mood and global-local visual processing

Testing hypotheses derived from neuropsychological models of mood, as well as the association of mood states and personality characteristics with global-local visual processing, were examined. Fifty-nine men completed measures associated with depression and positive mood, and were administered a brief perceptual judgment task that assessed global-local visual processing biases. Additionally, 19 of these 59 subjects were administered measures of anxiety and optimism-pessimism and completed an expanded judgment task. Affective and personality variables were then correlated with judgment task performances. Consistent with predictions, positive mood and optimism were directly associated with a global bias and inversely related to a local bias. A converse pattern of findings was obtained with depression and trait anxiety. Implications for research concerning other aspects of visual processing are discussed.
Work-related unusual penetrating head trauma caused by industrial welding rod

Abstract Accidental penetrating head injuries are rare but significant cause of morbidity. We report a case of a thirty five-year-old man who sustained a fatal trans-orbital penetrating injury following fall from a height. The metal rod was lodged intracranially, traversed close the brainstem, crossed the midline and stuck to the inner table of occipital bone. This case highlights the necessity for retrograde removal of penetrating rod in the direction of its line of trajectory.
COMPARISON OF SERUM PYRUVATE-KHIASE (PK) AND CREATINE-PHOSPHOKIHASE (CPK) IN CARRIER DETECTION OF X-LINKED MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES

COMPARISON OF SERUM PYRUVATE-KHIASE (PK) AND CREATINE-PHOSPHOKIHASE (CPK) IN CARRIER DETECTION OF X-LINKED MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES
The relationship between serial measurements of the level of a bladder tumor associated antigen and the potential for recurrence.

AbstractPurpose: We evaluate the relationship between a serially assessed quantitative diagnostic marker (QDM) and the hazard function for the diagnosis of recurrence of bladder cancer. The marker is based on a bladder tumor associated antigen (BTA TRAK* *Bard Diagnostic Sciences, Inc., Redmond, Washington.) assay. We present a rigorous approach to the evaluation of diagnostic markers to be used for recurrence monitoring.Materials and Methods: Archival voided urine samples serially collected from 187 patients with a prior diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were measured for BTA TRAK, an assay performed in clinical laboratories. All patients had been treated for stage Ta or T1 transitional cell carcinoma and were undergoing periodic assessments for recurrence. The results from the QDM were not used in case management. Time to histologically confirmed recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma was modeled using proportional hazard regression with the serial measurements of QDM levels and...
Nash solution and timing of bargaining

Abstract We analyze bargaining problems with unknown feasible sets and known disagreement points. Two characterizations of the Nash solution are presented by formulating axioms specifying how bargaining solutions should respond under such circumstances.
Sterol biosynthesis in sub-cellular particles of higher plants

Mevalonic acid-2-(14)C was administered to cut stems of bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for time intervals varying from 20 min to 24 hr. The plants were homogenized in a pH 7.8 tris-sucrose buffer and the homogenates separated into chloroplast, mitochondrial, microsomal, and supernatant fractions by means of differential centrifugation. The distribution of radioactivity into non-saponifiable material in each of the fractions was then determined. After short incubation periods labeled squalene was localized in the supernatant fraction. Labeled sterol was limited at all incubation periods to the microsomal and supernatant fractions. The data presented clearly implicate the microsomal and supernatant fractions in sterol biosynthesis in higher plants.
Precipitation mapping with an airborne synthetic aperture imaging radar

Use of an airborne synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) of 3.1-cm wavelength for the detection and mapping of precipitation echoes is described. Difficulties in mapping related to the incoherence of the echoes are discussed; methods of increasing resolution by Doppler filtering are suggested. Observations made with a vertical side-looking SAR system flying above a stratiform storm were found to resemble vertical cross sections obtained with conventional radar showing snow streamers, the bright band and rain. However, the actual section sampled by the SAR after filtering for zero Doppler is shown to depend upon both the relative motion of the particles and the relative winds below the aircraft. Knowledge of the relative winds, deduced from Doppler spectrum variations, and of the particle fall speeds permits the generation of horizontal and vertical cross sections displaced from the aircraft's position.
Life history variation within a parthenogenetic population of Daphnia parvula (Crustacea: Cladocera)

Evidence for genetically determined life history variability within a population or a species is rare. In this three year experimental examination of a parthenogenetically reproducing population of the planktonic crustacean Daphnia parvula, we found evidence for a succession of clones or groups of clones that exhibited distinctive body size and reproductive differences that were maintained after numerous generations under standardized conditions in the laboratory. The D. parvula population reached maximum density in the fall and maintained relatively high densities through the winter and spring. Isolates from this fall-winter-spring period all had a larger body size at death and higher fecundity when compared with summer isolates under natural food and temperature conditions. These differences could not be accounted for by differences in temperature and food abundance among the seasons. An additional difference in these experiments was a shift in reproductive effort by the summer isolate which produced a higher proportion of its offspring in the first two broods. The shift in life history characteristics and a summer decline of the Daphnia parvula population was correlated with both an increase in inedible and perhaps toxic blue-green algae and an increase in a dipteran predator Chaoborus. Comparison of the survivorship curves for all of the seasonal life history experiments indicated that D. parvula survivorship was not lower during the summer discounting a toxic effect from blue-green algae. Positive population growth on natural food in the laboratory at this time indicated food was not limiting and that predation was the probable cause of the population decline. Laboratory life history experiments under standardized food and temperature conditions were run with D. parvula isolates from the spring and summer plankton. Genetically based differences as determined in these experiments were smaller body size, lower fecundity, smaller brood size, and shorter life span for the summer animals relative to spring animals. Thirty seven percent of the summer animals also reproduced at an earlier age under standardized conditions. The shift in reproductive effort to earlier broods by summer animals rnder natural conditions appeared to be a phenotypic response as the summer isolate did not produce a higher proportion of its offspring in early broods under standardized conditions. When estimates of predatory mortality were added to the life tables of the standardized experiments, the earlier reproduction of some of the summer animals allowed a population increase under a regime of intense predation. Life tables for the spring animals predicted a population decline under these circumstances. Predictable seasonal changes in biotic factors such as predation suggest a mechanism whereby diverse life history patterns with corresponding differences in r may be maintained within a population.
AMELIORATION OF PHANTOM-ORGAN PAIN WITH HYPNOSIS AND BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION: BRIEF CASE REPORT

For one postoperative cancer patient suffering from postoperative pain the combination of hypnosis and behavior modification in a familial context was successful in reducing discomfort.
Differential effects of glucose stimulation upon rapid pulses and ultradian oscillations of insulin secretion

To determine the effect of glucose stimulation on the rapid 8- to 15-min pulses and the ultradian 80- to 170-min oscillations of insulin secretion, peripheral concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured at 2-min intervals over 2 h (i.e. rapid experiments), at 15-min intervals over 8-20 h (i.e. ultradian experiments) in 17 normal subjects during saline infusion, or during constant glucose infusion at a rate of 3 mg/(kg.min) (i.e. low dose) or 6 mg/(kg.min) (i.e. high dose). In the ultradian experiments, insulin secretory rates (ISR) were calculated by deconvolution of the plasma C-peptide concentrations. Significant oscillations with 125- to 166-min periods were detected in all glucose and ISR profiles. The numbers of ISR oscillations per 24 h were similar during saline infusion and low and high dose glucose infusion. In contrast, the amplitude of the ISR peaks increased progressively from 14 +/- 1 pmol/min during saline infusion to 50 +/- 7 pmol/min and further to 97 +/- 9 pmol/min during low and high dose glucose infusions, respectively. When expressed as percent increment, the amplitude of the ISR oscillations increased significantly from 31 +/- 5% during saline infusion to 41 +/- 4% during low dose glucose infusion and 44 +/- 3% during high dose glucose infusion (P < 0.05). In all profiles obtained from the 2-min sampling experiments, rapid pulses of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were apparent. The number of insulin pulses during saline and glucose infusions corresponded to a mean periodicity of 10 min. The amplitude of these rapid insulin pulses increased from 17.3 +/- 2.9 to 39.8 +/- 11.8 pmol/L (P < 0.01) in response to glucose. In contrast to the ultradian oscillations, the relative amplitude of the rapid insulin pulses decreased significantly from 28.8 +/- 3.4% during saline infusion to 13.6 +/- 1.6% during high dose glucose infusion (P < 0.01). Our findings demonstrate that the pancreatic response to glucose stimulation is different for the rapid pulses and the ultradian oscillations. When the rate of glucose stimulation is increased, the absolute amplitude of both the rapid pulses and the ultradian oscillations increases. However, when expressed as percent increment, the amplitude of the rapid pulses decreases during glucose stimulation, whereas the amplitude of the ultradian oscillations increases. These findings suggest that the two oscillatory modes have a different origin and physiological significance.
Protein immobilization on poly-(N-substituted) acrylamides

Abstract A series of water-soluble polymers containing side chains derived from N -acryloyl-β-alanine, N -ethylacrylamide and N -[3-( N ′, N ′, N ′-trimethylammonio)propyl] acylamide chloride has been prepared and characterized. A related series of insoluble gels was also prepared. Protein may be attached to these materials by means of amide bond formation between carboxyl groups on the polymers and amino groups of the protein; the preparation and characterization of conjugates formed with α-chymotrypsin are described. Polymers bearing negatively or positively charged side chains are attached to this enzyme at only a single amino acid and the integrity of the active site is largely preserved in these systems. The corresponding gels are not able to bind as much enzyme as are the soluble polymers and bound enzyme is less active in these cases.
A Comparison of Long‐Term Survivals of Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplant between African American and Caucasian Recipients with Basiliximab Induction Therapy

African Americans (AA) have traditionally been thought to have higher immunologic risk than Caucasians (CA) for rejection and allograft loss. The impact of ethnicity on the outcome of simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant with basiliximab induction has not been reported. In this study, we retrospectively analyze the long-term results of 36 AA and 55 CA recipients of primary SPK. The actual patient survival rates of AA and CA groups were 91.7% vs. 90.1% at 1 year, 93.3% vs. 88.1% at 3 years, and 94.4% vs. 83.3% at 5 years. The actual kidney survival of AA and CA were 91.7% vs. 89.1% at 1 year, 90% vs. 81% at 3 years, and 83.3% vs. 75% at 5 years. The actual pancreas survival of AA and CA were 88.9% vs. 85.5% at 1 year, 83.3% vs. 78.6% at 3 years and 72.2% vs. 70.8% at 5 years. Death-censored analyses also found no difference in pancreas and kidney graft survival rates over 5 years. Higher rejection rate, but the same low CMV infection, and comparable quality of graft function were noted in AA group. AA may not have worse long-term outcomes than CA recipients of SPK with basiliximab induction and tacrolimus (TAC), mycophenolate acid (MFA) and steroid maintenance immunotherapy.
Endothelial cell-by-cell profiling reveals the temporal dynamics of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 membrane localization after murine hindlimb ischemia

VEGF receptor (VEGFR) cell surface localization plays a critical role in transducing VEGF signaling toward angiogenic outcomes, and quantitative characterization of these parameters is critical to ...
Applying ethical theory to public relations

There seems to be a prevailing belief among public relations professionals that ethical problems can easily be solved by either reference to a simplified code or citation of a few well-worn platitudes. However, the route to a more complete understanding of questions of ethics is circuitous and often painstaking. By applying a number of ethical theories to a public relations problem, both the skilled public relations technician and the public relations professional may arrive at similar conclusions concerning moral obligations; however, the professional is in the most favorable position to effect change.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of the Rhizobium meliloti DctD two-component receiver domain.

The Rhizobium meliloti DctD two-component receiver domain was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Crystals were obtained using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion geometry with ammonium phosphate as the precipitant. The crystals diffract to 2.3 A and exhibit the symmetry of space group I222 or I212121. The unit-cell dimensions are a = 59.0, b = 58.6 and c = 169.8 A. The asymmetric unit contains a dimer and the crystals have a Vm of 2.16 A3 Da−1.
Development of a framework for optimization of reservoir simulation studies

Abstract We have developed a framework that distributes multiple reservoir simulations on a cluster of CPUs for fast and efficient process optimization studies. This platform utilizes several commercial reservoir simulators for flow simulations, an experimental design and a Monte Carlo algorithm with a global optimization search engine to identify the optimum combination of reservoir decision factors under uncertainty. This approach is applied to a well placement design for a field-scale development exercise. The uncertainties considered are in the fault structure, porosity and permeability, PVT, and relative permeabilities. The results indicate that the approach is practical and efficient for performing reservoir optimization studies.
Differential interaction of GBR 12909, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, with cocaine and methamphetamine in rats discriminating cocaine.

Rationale: Inhibitors of neuronal dopamine uptake, such as GBR 12909, decrease IV cocaine self-administration by laboratory animals and have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for abuse of psychomotor stimulant drugs. Objectives: This study was performed to determine how GBR 12909 alters the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine and cocaine. Methods: Rats were trained to discriminate between IP injections of 10 mg/kg cocaine and saline and were tested for stimulus generalization to cocaine, GBR 12909, and methamphetamine. Based upon the ED50 of the individual drugs, combinations of GBR 12909 and either cocaine or methamphetamine were tested that comprised a) 1 part GBR 12909 and 2 parts cocaine or methamphetamine, or b) 2 parts GBR 12909 and 1 part cocaine or methamphetamine. Results: GBR 12909 and cocaine were equipotent and 30-fold less potent than methamphetamine in producing cocaine-like discriminative effects. GBR 12909 and cocaine produced cocaine-like discriminative effects synergistically in the ratio of 1 part GBR 12909:2 parts cocaine (0.16+0.32 to 1.92+3.87 mg/kg) and nearly synergistically in the ratio of 2 parts GBR 12909:1 part cocaine (0.32+0.16 to 3.92+1.91 mg/kg). GBR 12909 and methamphetamine (0.32+0.02 to 3.20+0.22 mg/kg or 0.65+0.01 to 6.53+0.1 mg/kg) were simply additive in both sets of fixed-ratio dose combinations. Conclusions: The synergy of GBR 12909 and cocaine and the additivity of GBR 12909 and methamphetamine run counter to the presumed mechanisms of action of these drugs at dopamine nerve terminals, which might have implications for the use of GBR 12909 in the treatment of addiction to cocaine or amphetamines.
Pre-workout consumption of Celsius ® enhances the benefits of chronic exercise on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness

Background The functional beverage Celsius®, has recently been shown, after acute and chronic (28 days) consumption, to increase resting metabolism and serum blood markers of lipolysis in healthy, college-aged men and women. The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of a 10-week exercise program while consuming Celsius® on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness changes in sedentary men and women.
Efficient, Higher Order Mode Resonance Combiner

This paper will discuss a power combining approach that uses a higher order mode cavity resonance without mode suppressors to achieve a highly stable and efficient combiner. This is made possible by proper handling of the undesirable resonances. The application of this approach to a Ku-band 12 GaAs IMPATT diode combiner will be discussed.
Nostalgic communication as temporal escape: When it was a game's re‐construction of a baseball/work community

This essay illustrates how nostalgic communication invites individuals disenchanted with some aspect of their cultural conditions to make a temporal escape to a secure place of opposition. Such places offer a sense of community and identity to confused individuals. An analysis of the two‐part HBO documentary, When It Was a Game, identifies how the text invites contemporary U.S. workers disenchanted with a loss of workforce identity to escape to a time when workers were cultural heroes. This escape, however, is temporary since the place of opposition reminds individuals of the insecurity of their identities.
Shepherds and Sheep: Parish Reconfiguration, Authority, and Activism in a Catholic Diocese

This mixed method study describes contention over parish reconfiguration in a northeast Catholic diocese, and a case study of one merged parish. Guided by social movement theories about collective action frames and political opportunities in mobilization, we outline the diocesan frame of reconfiguration and the counter frame developed by activists who organized to oppose the process. While the diocesan frame focused on a shortage of priests that officials believed demanded reconfiguration of financially burdened parishes, the lay counter frame shifted the debate to questions about the role of the laity in the contemporary Catholic Church and what they perceived as failed leadership from their bishop. Our case study of Resurrection Parish shows how the merger process and the activists’ opposition to their diocesan leaders resulted in a parish that works to ensure the involvement of the laity, and continues to publicly dissent from Catholic leaders.
Solute-solvent interactions in acid-base dissociation: Seven protonated nitrogen bases in water-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone solvents

Acidic dissociation constants of seven protonated nitrogen bases, namely “Bis-tris”, 2-aminopyridine, “Tris”, morpholine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol,n-butylamine, andt-butylamine, have been determined at 15, 25, and 35° C in mixtures of water andN-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NM2Py). The mole fractions of cosolvent were 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. Glass and silver-silver chloride electrodes were used in a cell without liquid junction, and both the ionic strength and molality of chloride ion remained substantially constant in all of the measurements. The pKaof all the protonated bases decreases initially and passes through a minimum as the aqueous solvent is enriched with NM2Py. The order of acidic strengths is the same as in the H2O-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent system, but the pKavalues are all lower by up to 2 units. NM2Py appears to be a more basic solvent than DMSO or H2O.
Anesthesia for pediatric external beam radiation therapy.

Abstract Background: For very young patients, anesthesia is often required for radiotherapy. This results in multiple exposures to anesthetic agents over a short period of time. We report a consecutive series of children anesthetized for external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Methods: Five hundred twelve children ≤ 16 years old received EBRT from January 1983 to February 1996. Patient demographics, diagnosis, anesthesia techniques, monitoring, airway management, complications, and outcome were recorded for the patients requiring anesthesia. Results: One hundred twenty-three of the 512 children (24%) required 141 courses of EBRT with anesthesia. Anesthetized patients ranged in age from 20 days to 11 years (mean 2.6 ± 1.8 ). The frequency of a child receiving EBRT and requiring anesthesia by age cohort was: ≤ 1 year (96%), 1–2 years (93%), 2–3 years (80%), 3–4 years (51%), 4–5 years (36%), 5–6 years (13%), 6–7 years (11%), and 7–16 years (0.7%). Diagnoses included: primary CNS tumor (28%), retinoblastoma (27%), neuroblastoma (20%), acute leukemia (9%), rhabdomyosarcoma (6%), and Wilms' tumor (4%). Sixty-three percent of the patients had been exposed to chemotherapy prior to EBRT. The mean number of anesthesia sessions per patient was 22 ± 16. Seventy-eight percent of the treatment courses were once daily and 22% were twice daily. Anesthesia techniques included: short-acting barbiturate induction + inhalation maintenance (21%), inhalation only (20%), ketamine (19%), propofol only (12%), propofol induction + inhalation maintenance (7%), ketamine induction + inhalation maintenance (6%), ketamine or short-acting barbiturate induction + inhalation maintenance (6%). Monitoring techniques included: EKG (95%), O 2 saturation (93%), fraction of inspired O 2 (57%), and end-tidal CO 2 (55%). Sixty-four percent of patients had central venous access. Eleven of the 74 children with a central line developed sepsis (15%): 6 of the 11 were anesthetized with propofol (55%), 4 with a short-acting barbiturate induction plus inhalation maintenance (36%), and 1 with inhalation alone (9%). Eight of the 11 (73%) received prior chemotherapy. Conclusion: Anesthesia was generally necessary at ≤ 3 years, and rarely required at > 5 years of age. Sepsis associated with frequent use of the central venous access line was seen in 15% of the patients with these lines.
Correlation of noncarious cervical lesion size and occlusal wear in a single adult over a 14-year time span.

Abstract Statement of problem. Noncarious cervical lesions are described as having a multifactorial cause, with occlusal trauma and toothbrush abrasion frequently mentioned as major factors. Finite element modeling studies have demonstrated a relocalization of occlusal stresses to the cervical area due to flexure of the crown. This may cause microcracking, especially under tensile stresses, that will lead to a loss of enamel and dentin in the cervical region. Clinical confirmation of an occlusal cause for noncarious cervical lesions has been difficult to obtain. Purpose. This study investigated whether occlusal wear was correlated with an increase in the size of noncarious cervical lesions. Material and methods. Loss of contour at occlusal and cervical sites on 3 teeth of a single individual was measured using digital and visualization techniques at 3 time intervals over a 14-year time span. The 1983 baseline casts and 1991, 1994, and 1997 clinical impressions of a single adult patient with existing noncarious cervical lesions were replicated in epoxy. Surfaces of all replicas were digitized with a contact digitizing system. Sequential digitized surfaces were fit together and analyzed using AnSur-NT surface analysis software. Clinical losses of surface contour by volume and depth of the left mandibular first molar and first and second premolars were recorded. Results. Nine measurements of cervical volume loss (range 0.9 to 11.5 mm 3 ) and 9 corresponding measurements of occlusal volume loss (range 0.39 to 7.79 mm 3 ) were made. The correlation between occlusal and cervical volume loss was strong ( r 2 =0.98) and significant ( P Conclusion. For the single adult patient in this study, there was a direct correlation between occlusal wear and the growth of noncarious cervical lesions. (J Prosthet Dent 2000;84:436-43.)
Imposing Local Curvature Conditions in Flexible Demand Systems

By reparameterizing the basic translog and the log translog demand systems and exploiting the fact that the Slutsky matrix must be negative semidefinite but cannot be negative definite, it is shown that a recently proposed simple procedure to maintain locally the curvature property of consumer theory can be applied to these popular translog models as well. The proposed procedure can also be applied to other demand-system specifications such as, for example, the nonseparable generalized linear expenditure system.
Subthreshold transconductance in the long-channel MOSFET

Abstract The transconductance-current ratio of the long-channel MOSFET approaches the ideal value of q/kT under subthreshold conditions. This behavior has previously been explained using a BJT-like model. It is shown that such a model is inappropriate, and that this phenomenon can be explained by the diffusive nature of the subthreshold current, the law governing the density gradient, and the existence of a quasi high-low junction between the source region and channel. A general expression for subthreshold transconductance is developed. It is also demonstrated analytically that the bulk and inversion-layer capacitances that enter into this expression are equal at the threshold of strong inversion, a demonstration that avoids approximations employed in a previous treatment of the matter.
Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces II: Special cases of exposure histories of boulders, soils and beach terraces

The recent realization that cosmic ray induced isotopic changes in terrestrial solids can be conveniently measured, and the information applied towards modeling their exposure histories has been very successfully put into practice for quantitative studies of a number of process studies in geomorphology. However, in some cases, it is not possible to make a robust interpretation of the cosmogenic data in cases where one does not have sufficient amount of useful geological data about the samples under study. Based entirely on the fact that cosmic ray labeling is sensitively dependent on the geometry of exposure of the solid, we present new approaches for studying certain important geomorphic processes. The absorption of the secondary cosmic radiation within the solid depends on the secondary cosmic ray component that is principally responsible for causing the in-situ isotopic change. In this paper we will largely be concerned with the fast neutron component of the cosmic radiation which is responsible for most of the isotopic effects in solids exposed at or above sea level. With the four examples considered in this paper, we demonstrate that if one takes advantage of the geometry sensitive labeling by fast neutrons, one can obtain valuable information on the exposure history of the solid, for example determining both the exposure age of a solid as well as the mean surface erosion rate during the exposure. Realization of this possibility should considerably widen the scope of applications of the cosmogenic method in geomorphology.
Energy inputs and crop yield relationship in greenhouse tomato production

Abstract This study examines energy use patterns and the relationship between energy inputs and yield for greenhouse tomato production in Antalya province of Turkey. The data used in this study were based on cross-sectional data collected from growers by using a face to face survey. The results revealed that diesel (34.35%), fertilizer (27.59%), electricity (16.01%), chemicals (10.19%) and human power (8.64%) consumed the bulk of energy. In the surveyed farms, average yield and energy consumption were calculated as around 160000 kg/ha and 106716.2 MJ/ha, respectively. The results also showed that output–input, specific energy and energy productivity were 1.2, 12380.3 MJ/t and 0.09 kg/MJ, respectively. The results implied that small size farms were more efficient than large ones in terms of output–input ratio. An econometric model was developed to estimate the impact of energy inputs on yield. Therefore, tomato yield, an endogenous variable was assumed to be a function of exogenous variables; fertilizer, chemicals, machinery, human, water for irrigation and seed energy. The empirical results indicated that all exogenous variables except seed energy were found statistically significant and contributed to yield. Among all statistically significant exogenous variables, human, fertilizer, water, chemicals and machinery were ranked in terms of elasticities. These results indicate that the Turkish greenhouse industry heavily depends on fossil fuels.
Inverse scattering in an absorptive medium

Let Del 2u+ omega 2u+i omega a(x)u+ omega 2 nu (x)u=- delta (x-y). The author recovers a(x) and nu (x) analytically from the knowledge of u(x,y, omega ) for all positions of x and y on the plane and omega in the neighbourhood of omega =0.
The relationship between tipping and service quality: a comment on Bodvarsson and Gibson’s article

Abstract Numerous studies have found that tip size is only weakly related to service quality. Bodvarsson and Gibson recently challenged this finding—criticizing previous research and reporting that consumers say they would tip substantially different amounts with different levels of service quality. This paper presents a critical response to Bodvarsson and Gibson’s article. Contrary to Bodvarsson and Gibson’s claims, the weakness of the tipping–service relationship in the existing literature is not just a reflection of restricted variability in service ratings. Nor is it attributable to other methodological problems with service ratings. Furthermore, the data from Bodvarsson and Gibson’s role-playing survey is suspect, because what people say they would do in a given situation is often different from what they actually do in that situation.
Complex Space or Broken Middle? Milbank, Rose, and the Sharia Controversy

Remarks by Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, suggesting that British law recognize Islamic law in some cases provoked a public outcry. I reflect on what may have caused the strong reaction to Williams's remarks by situating them between the work of John Milbank and the work of Gillian Rose. What Williams, Milbank, and Rose are struggling to articulate is a "politics of the middle," a political theory that does not privilege the sovereignty of individual or state, and which puts intermediary associations at center stage. A politics of the middle offers the only alternative to political theology, I argue. However, attempts to articulate a politics of the middle have remained cloaked in residual political theology. Critics of secular liberalism, who often content themselves with offering genealogies instead of presenting a constructive alternative, should explore the possibilities held by a politics of the middle, possibilities (and challenges) exposed by the sharia controversy.
Measurement and correlation of non-Darcy flow coefficient in consolidated porous media

For many years Darcy's law has been used as the basic equation which describes the flow of fluids through porous media. Darcy's equation is an empirical expression which fails to predict the pressure gradient for high-velocity flow through porous material. It has been found experimentally that the pressure gradient for high-velocity flow is more than proportional to the velocity. A second term, which is proportional to the velocity squared, is added to Darcy's equation. Forchheimer (1914) was first to suggest adding this additional term. His equation is expressed as:
A test of the coincidence and duration models of melatonin action in Siberian hamsters. II. The effects of 4- and 8-hr melatonin infusions on testicular development of pinealectomized juvenile Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus).

In a previous paper we demonstrated that properly timed I-hr infusions of 50 ng melatonin effectively suppressed testicular development in juvenile Siberian hamsters. Only melatonin infused between 20:00 and 21:00 hr was effective in animals exposed to 16L (lights off 20:00 hr). In this paper we further investigate the importance of the coincidence and duration hypotheses of daily exposure of melatonin. Prepubertal Siberian hamsters received either 4- or 8-hr melatonin infusions at various times either on long photoperiod (LD 16:8 = 16L) or on short photoperiod (LD 10:14 = 10L). Daily 8-hr melatonin infusions suppressed testicular development in both photoperiods. Daily 4-hr, 50 ng/hr, melatonin infusions at 17:00--21:00 hr inhibited testicular growth in 16L and daily 4-hr melatonin infusions (either 50 ng/h or 50 ng/day) inhibited testicular growth at 17:00-21:00 hr in 10L. We also tested the efficacy of an interrupted melatonin infusion of long duration (8 hr). Pinealectomized prepubertal male Siberian hamsters, born on 16L, were infused with two signals of 4 hr separated by an interval of 2 hr. Melatonin-infused groups had significantly inhibited testicular growth compared to vehicle-infused animals. Testicular development was maximally inhibited only in those groups in which the period of melatonin sensitivity identified in the previous paper (20:00-21:00 hr) overlapped or immediately followed a period of melatonin infusion. Considering the restrictions of the experimental design employed in these studies, the results are best explained by the hypothesis that the photoperiodic gonadal response in juvenile Siberian hamsters is regulated by the coincidence in time of exogenously administered melatonin with an intrinsic rhythm of sensitivity to melatonin, which occurred at 20:00 21:00 hr. The duration of the melatonin signal alone can not explain the results.
Regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels by RGK proteins

RGK proteins belong to the Ras superfamily of monomeric G-proteins, and currently include four members - Rad, Rem, Rem2, and Gem/Kir. RGK proteins are broadly expressed, and are the most potent known intracellular inhibitors of high-voltage-activated Ca²⁺ (Ca(V)1 and Ca(V)2) channels. Here, we review and discuss the evidence in the literature regarding the functional mechanisms, structural determinants, physiological role, and potential practical applications of RGK-mediated inhibition of Ca(V)1/Ca(V)2 channels. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium channels.
Reflection of 60Co gamma rays from concrete

Abstract Differential dose albedos are reported for reflection of 60 Co gamma rays from concrete. Data are reported for 5 polar angles of incidence, 3 polar angles of reflection and azimuthal angles of reflection from 0° to 158°. Total scattering angles varied from 33° to 155°. Measurements were made using a 3″ × 3″ Nal(Tl) scintillator in a lead collimator with a 0.011 stread aperture. Pulse-height spectra were accumulated in a 400-channel pulse-height analyzer. Data analysis was accomplished using an experimentally determined response matrix with 25 unequal energy intervals over the range 20–1200 keV.