cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis

Despite considerable advances in the diagnosis and therapy of bacterial meningitis, the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease remain high. Research into the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis suggests that the inflammatory response generated by the host is largely responsible for the deleterious consequences of the disease. Thus, effort is now being directed to identifying and investigating: (a) specific host factors contributing to this process, and (b) and-inflammatory measures that may be safe and effective in the adjunctive therapy of bacterial meningitis. Adjunctive corticosteroids have been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of long term hearing loss and other neurological sequelae in the management of bacterial meningitis in children. It is not clear if the use of corticosteroids will have similar efficacy in adults or in neonates with bacterial meningitis. Research using animal models has also suggested other agents that may be effective in ameliorating the inflammatory response in bacterial meningitis, thereby possibly reducing the morbidity and mortality of this disease. This review describes the results of relevant investigations into the pathophysiology and management of bacterial meningitis, and provides recommendations for patient management based on this research.
Mapping surface motion parameters and liquefaction susceptibility in Tribhuvan International Airport, Nepal

Local site effects and liquefaction are major causes of building and lifeline damage in Kathmandu Valley as depicted by several historical earthquakes including recent 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7....
The Computation Of Mean Drift Forces And Wave Run-Up By Higher-Order Boundary Element Method

A higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) is used for the reliable computation of the firstand second-order wave loads on arbitrary three-dimensional bodies. The accuracy and efficiency of the present method are demonstrated through the convergence tests as well as comparison with analytic solutions and axisymmetric results. HOB EM is shown to be efficacious especially for the computation of body-surface velocities and velocity potential and its derivatives on the waterline and related integrals. For illustration second-order mean forces and wave run-up on vertical circular cylinders, hemispheres and the stationary ISSC tension leg platform (TLP) are presented.
Zero-copy receive path in virtio

In the KVM hypervisor, incoming packets from the network must pass through several objects in the Linux kernel before being delivered to the guest VM. Currently, both the hypervisor and the guest keep their own sets of buffers on the receive path. For large packets, the overall processing time is dominated by the copying of data from hypervisor buffers to guest buffers.
Beyond SPICE

This presentation explains some of the challenges of SPICE in simulating circuits with nano-devices and proposes a circuit simulation approach that allows multidimensional and multi-parameterized device physical equations to be easily included in a circuit simulator.
Semantics-oriented data science and computational life sciences: Innovative application of semantic technologies in microRNA and lncRNA research

Semantic technologies (based upon domain ontologies) have been widely adopted in various biological, biomedical, and clinical research areas. Consequently, semantics-oriented data science and computational life sciences have increasingly attracted scientists' attention. In our previous efforts, we have developed a semantic data integration and search software tool named OmniSearch [1], which was specifically designed for the microRNA (miRNA or miR) domain. OmniSearch has been successfully applied in numerous biomedical and clinical areas [2-5] such as: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer (LC), diabetes and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), osteoarthritis (OA), glioblastoma (GBM), and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We are currently working on OmniSearch Plus, which was extended from OmniSearch and will cover important non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules other than miRNAs, including long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs).
Correlation between panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography in assessing maxillary impacted canines.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the usefulness of panoramic radiographs in determining the labio-palatal position of maxillary impacted canines (MICs) and root resorption of permanent incisors on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in correlation with the mesiodistal position of MICs on panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective radiographic study reviewed 64 patients with 86 MICs. Subjects were divided into two groups: group I ( 15 years old). The mesiodistal position of the MICs' cusp tips was classified into five sectors on panoramic radiographs. The labio-palatal position of the MICs and root resorption of permanent incisors were evaluated on CBCT. The statistical correlation between panoramic radiograph and CBCT results was examined using the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test. Results: Most of the positions of MICs were palatal (67%), followed by labial (28%) and mid-alveolus (5%; P < .05). Labial positioned MICs on CBCT were more frequent ...
Feasibility Study of Corn- and Soy-Derived Materials

In this chapter, we describe the methods and results of biocompatibility studies of corn- and soy-derived biomaterials that were coincubated with four distinct cell lines. The cell lines were grown at a density of 50,000 cells/well in 6-well plates containing a control well and test wells. The cells were imaged at 24, 48, and 72 h following their incubation. They were then scored using a five-point visual rating scale. Images and total scores for the four cell lines are displayed. A list of scores for individual wells is provided in Appendix D. The results suggest that these materials may be useful in the development of novel implantable biomaterials.
Covalent Linkage: I. Enzymes Immobilized by Covalent Linkage on Insolubilized Supports

The attachment of enzymes to solids has progressed rapidly in recent years from a laboratory curiosity to a widely expanding field which is useful in many applications. Enzymes immobilized on surfaces now find increasing use in medical, clinical analysis, and synthetic chemistry applications. Immobilized enzymes have provided valuable insight to basic protein interactions. In addition to enzymes, many different types of proteins, including antibodies, enzyme inhibitors, proteinaceous antigens, and peptide hormones, have been attached to polymers and have been shown to possess biological activity. The attachment of an enzyme or other biologically active protein to a solid phase produces an adduct which can have several interesting and useful properties. Since the adducts are water-insoluble, they can be easily recovered from reaction mixtures by centrifugation or filtration. Additionally, enzymes attached to particulate matter can be placed in a column which is used for a continuous flow-through process. In medical applications of enzymes, immobilization can provide advantages because the enzymes do not enter the bloodstream as soluble agents and therefore may have a long lifetime in the body. Enzymes can also be attached to the surfaces of membranes or the inside of tubes or cannulas and can interact with substances flowing past the surface.
Aortic pain: the renaissance of cardiovascular pain and the detection of aortopathy.

Our 19th century predecessors considered the aorta as a source of cardiovascular pain associated with inflammatory aortitis, arterial hypertension, aortic aneurysms, aortic dissection, and aortic valve disease. However, during the 20th century epidemic of coronary artery disease clinicians became concerned with the syndromes associated with myocardial ischemia and infarction, relegating aortic pain syndromes to the role of a differential, “rule out”, or diagnosis of exclusion rather than a primary diagnosis. We re-focus attention on a more global approach to cardiovascular pain, approaching thoracic aortic pain syndromes as primary diagnoses, while considering the dynamics and various stages of development of aortic pain syndromes, set within the clinical environment in which these syndromes arise. The central role of aortopathy is our underlying theme since the detection and clinical recognition of aortopathic disorders provide the template for identification of the population at risk for aortic pain syndromes. Clinical history, pedigree development, phenotype recognition, analysis of the elastic properties of the aorta, use of the wide range of sophisticated imaging techniques, and phenotype-genotype correlations provide the bases for the recognition, diagnosis, and management of aortopathy within the clinical setting. A futuristic anticipatory approach towards the diagnosis of aortopathy is outlined with emphasis on earlier recognition and informed clinical management ultimately leading to prevention of the acute and dynamic aortic complications.
Leaching Kinetics of Yttrium and Europium Oxides from Waste Phosphor Powder

Phosphor powder sample was characterized, and the leaching kinetics of yttrium, and europium in hydrochloric acid were investigated. Under optimized leaching conditions, 98% Y and 97% Eu were extracted, and a reaction curve was generated using the percentage of extraction as a function of time and temperature. Based on R2 values, shrinking spherical particle and shrinking core model were not applicable. SEM analysis also confirmed shrinking core behavior was not applicable due to the lack of core–shells in the leach residue. The kinetic data were best fitted by a logarithmic rate expression of the empirical model. Activation energy was calculated to be 77.49 kJ/mol for Y and 72.75 kJ/mol for Eu in the temperature range of 298–343 K.
The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology

Volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are among the most well-documented neural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Hippocampal and mPFC structural reductions have been specifically tied to MDD illness progression markers, including greater number of major depressive episodes (MDEs), longer illness duration, and nonremission/treatment resistance. Chronic stress plays a critical role in the development of hippocampal and mPFC deficits, with some studies suggesting that these deficits occur irrespective of MDE occurrence. However, preclinical and human research also points to other stress-mediated neurotoxic processes, including enhanced inflammation and neurotransmitter disturbances, which may require the presence of an MDE and contribute to further brain structural decline as the illness advances. Specifically, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter abnormalities (e.g., serotonin, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid) likely interact to facilitate illness progression in MDD. Congruent with stress sensitization models of MDD, with each consecutive MDE it may take lower levels of stress to trigger these neurotoxic pathways, leading to more pronounced brain volumetric reductions. Given that stress and MDD have overlapping and distinct influences on neurobiological pathways implicated in hippocampal and mPFC structural decline, further work is needed to clarify which precise mechanisms ultimately contribute to MDD development and maintenance.
Pharyngeal flap using carotid artery mobilization in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Abstract Introduction 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is the most common microdeletion syndrome in children. Many patients with this disease develop craniofacial defects including cleft palate, bifid uvula, and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Our study adds to the current body of literature by describing a novel technique of carotid mobilization performed in conjunction with pharyngeal flap surgery in patients with extensive medialization of the carotid artery. Methods Carotid artery mobilization followed by insertion of a superiorly based pharyngeal flap was performed on two patients, a 10-year-old girl and a 5-year-old boy, with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome concurrent with velopharyngeal insufficiency. Results Neither patient experienced significant post-operative issues. Following the procedure, parents of both patients noted significant speech and voice improvement. Both patients had improvements in VPI Effects On Life Outcome (VELO) scores, nasometry, and production of paragraph passages following surgery. Conclusions Our study describes a novel surgical treatment for children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with significant velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). The procedure wherein is characterized by an extensive mobilization of the carotid artery followed by implantation of a pharyngeal flap. This technique resulted in no significant intra-operative bleeding, and was measured to be successful as noted by nasometry scores and changes in pre- and post-op VELO scores.
Prospects and Problems in X-Ray Microscopy

As various forms of x-ray microscopy develop from “state of the art” technical accomplishment to user-oriented tools of biological investigation, it may be useful to pause and assess where we are, where we ought to be and how we might get there. Most of the contributions to this meeting address the first of these topics.
Processing and CD3+/CD19+ depletion of cadaveric vertebral bone marrow for primary immunodeficiency patients undergoing sequential bilateral orthotopic lung transplant (BOLT) and bone marrow transplant (BMT)

Background & Aim Patients with primary immune-deficiency (PID) may develop pulmonary complications and at that stage most are ineligible for either lung transplant (LTX) or bone marrow transplant (BMT) alone due to futility. We are conducting a first in human prospective trial, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01852370 where PID patients in lung failure -past the opportunity for curative BMT alone- may receive a 2 of 6 HLA antigen-matched cadaveric BOLT and minimum 8 weeks alter cryopreserved BMT from the same deceased UNOS donor. We hypothesized: 1) hematopoietic stem cells prepared from organ donor vertebral bodies (VB) would yield greater CD34+ cell dose compared to iliac crest aspirates-in part due to limited harvest time to avoid delay in the activity of organ recovery teams; 2) cryopreserved CD3/CD19 depleted bone marrow could generate durable hematopoiesis and donor derived immunity. Here we present the first 5 consecutive cases vertebral bone marrow (VBM) processing experience at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and subsequent CD3+/CD19+ cell depletion on the CliniMACS® device. With a threshold viability of 70% prior to cryopreservation the CD3/CD19-depleted product must contain 1 × 10E+6/kg CD34+ cells and 1 × 10E+5/kg CD3+ T cells to achieve durable engraftment and reduce the risk of GVHD respectively.® Methods, Results & Conclusion For details of pre/post processing, see Table. Since early 2017 we introduced chest/abdominal cavity wash with 1:1 saline-betadine mix and scrubbing T11-L4VB logs with chlora-prep that has eliminated bacterial contamination for the last 3 products. The first 2 were infused without adverse events following IRB/FDA approved antibiotic prophylaxis. Initially, processing of the VBs was arduous, using a scalpel and wire brush to clean the logs, then dissecting into small pieces with a mallet and osteotome. Since early 2017 a Stryker RemB saw has been used. A physical task that had taken 2 technologists 3 hours to complete has become almost effortless and one tech is freed up. The target pre-cryo CD34+ dose and viabilities have met target at all times, in fact CD34+ recovery has increased >70%, see Table. The entire process (dissection, crushing, filtering, CD3/CD19 depletion and cryopreservation) can be completed in 12 hours with 3 technologists. In summary, we have developed a complex sequence of procedures that even exceeded our target of 2E+06 CD34/kg pre-cryo dose (mean: 4.49E+06) leading to prompt and multilineage engraftment in 3 of the first 4 analyzable patients.
Debt Correlations in the Wake of the Financial Crisis: What are Appropriate Default Correlations for Structured Products?

This paper proposes several frameworks to estimate the appropriate default correlations for structured products, each of which jointly considers the role of co-movements in modeled risk characteristics and un-modeled systematic risk, or 'frailty'. We contrast our estimates with credit rating agencies' default correlation assumptions, which were only 0.01 for CLOs pre-crisis and have increased to 0.03 post-crisis. In contrast, the joint consideration of observable risk factors and frailty leads to substantially higher estimates of 0.12. We show that this translates into CLOs with credit risk understated by more than 22%, suggesting caution for the post-crisis structured finance market.
Multivehicle Simultaneous Parking Using A Genetic Algorithm Approach

Autonomous parking of cars is challenging to implement in vehicles given that the environment is uncertain and not only does the vehicle need to safely navigate obstacles but also avoid other vehicles that may be vying for the same parking space. We consider this problem in the context of a constrained parking area with multiple vehicles navigating to a collection of parking spots and consider the development of an optimal policy of timed turns at a constant speed which indirectly penalizes energy usage and likely incursions with other vehicles. We consider the application of a genetic algorithm to find a simultaneous multivehicle suboptimal solution and develop a simple geometrically driven metric for incursion potential between pairs of vehicles. Simulation results from the application of a genetic algorithm are provided. These results demonstrate the utility of this methodology on multivehicle dynamics optimization.
The value of routine laboratory screening in the neonatal intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND Healthcare spending is expected to grow faster than the economy over the next decade, and the cost of prematurity increases annually. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of intervention after routine laboratory testing in preterm infants. METHODS This was a retrospective study of preterm infants (≤34 weeks) admitted to the NYU Langone Health NICU from June 2013 to December 2014. Data collected included demographics, results of laboratory tests, and resulting interventions. Intervention after a hemogram was defined as a blood transfusion. Intervention after a hepatic panel was defined as initiation or termination of ursodiol or change in dose of vitamin D. Subjects were stratified into 3 groups based on gestation (<28 weeks, 28-31 6/7 weeks, 32-34 weeks). Chi-square analysis was used to compare the frequency of intervention between the groups. RESULTS A total of 135 subjects were included in the study. The frequency of intervention after a hemogram was 8.4% in infants <28 weeks, 4.6% in infants 28-31 6/7 weeks, and 0% in infants 32-34 weeks; this difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.02). The frequency of intervention after a hepatic panel was 4.2% in infants <28 weeks, 5.7% in infants 28-31 6/7 weeks, and 0% in infants 32-34 weeks, which was not found to be a statistically significant different. CONCLUSION No interventions were undertaken post-routine laboratory testing in any infant 32-34 weeks and routine testing in this population may be unnecessary. Further studies are needed to elucidate if routine testing affects neonatal outcomes.
Estimating the relational well-being of siblings separated by out-of-home care

This study utilized web-based data collection and latent profile analysis to visualize and describe the relational well-being of youth experiencing foster care-related sibling separation. Legally a...
Active Control with the Method of Receptances: Recent Progresses and Its Application in Active Aeroelastic Control

The design of active control for large and complex engineering structures requires accurate modeling and prediction of their dynamic response and instabilities. The performance of traditional model based control may be limited due to the errors in model approximation, size of the problem and/or availability of limited data for realizing active control. To overcome some of these challenges the method of receptances is developed. This method allows design and computation of controller gains based on a modest size of receptance matrices which can be extracted from transfer functions associated with available sensors and actuators. The area of active aeroelastic control deals with developing wing technology for the next generation aircrafts to achieve increased performance by controlling and manipulating the aeroelastic response by active means. In these applications, receptance based controller design is found to be promising as it eliminates the modeling of complex aeroelastic interaction between elastic structure and surrounding aerodynamics. In this paper, fundamental of the receptance based control is introduced and recent progress in this area is summarized. The effectiveness of the controller designed with on-board sensors (embedded) and actuators (control surfaces) for suppressing the flutter instabilities and flutter boundary extension is demonstrated with numerical examples. The performance of the controller such as its ability to control prescribed modes of interest without influencing the other is also presented. Ongoing research in this area is briefly summarized in this paper.
General Health Care Utilization Among Nonelderly Cancer Survivors Before and After Affordable Care Act Implementation: Early Results

PURPOSE:The number of nonelderly cancer survivors is expected to grow and so are their health care costs. Many cancer survivors worry about medical bills. This study examined the impact of the Affo...
Four cases: Human immunodeficiency virus and novel coronavirus 2019 Co-infection in patients from Long Island, New York.

Originating from Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been spreading worldwide since the end of 2019. The most common features of these patients include fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue [1]. As of April 16, 2020 the CDC has reported 605,390 cases and 24,582 deaths in the United States. The illness continues to spread through the world infecting people with various different comorbid conditions. Presented here are four cases which represent some of the first cases of HIV and SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection in Long Island, New York. These HIV infected patients were compliant with their HIV medication regimen and had robust CD4 T cell counts. The clinical severity ranged from mild to requiring hospitalization. Three of the four patients had fever and two had cough. One patient presented with diarrhea, the incidence rate of diarrhea in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection range from 2% to 50% of cases [4]. One patient had anosmia and aguesia, in a study by Moein et al, the 98% of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patient experienced some smell dysfunction [5]. One patient required hospitalization however this patient was also infected with influenza A. These cases suggest that uncomplicated cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 in an HIV infected patient can be managed with self‐isolation at home.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Electromagnetic Interference and Device Programming

In this case study a patient with an ICD with previous appropriate therapies for ventricular arrhythmias undergoing a routine dermatology procedure is presented. He was exposed to electrocautery without application of a magnet or programming changes and had pacing inhibition followed by inappropriate anti-tachycardia pacing due to electromagnetic interference.
Antibiotic Timing in Previable Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Less Than 24 Weeks of Gestation

Objective This study aimed to compare neonatal and maternal outcomes between immediate and delayed prophylactic antibiotic administration after previable prelabor premature rupture of membranes (PROM) less than 24 weeks of gestation. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies with PROM between 160/7 and 236/7 weeks of gestational age conducted at a single tertiary care referral center between June 2011 and December 2015. Patients with multiple gestations, fetal anomalies, those who elected augmentation, or with a contradiction to expectant management, such as suspected intra-amniotic infection or stillbirth, were excluded from the study. We compared pregnancy characteristics, maternal complications, and neonatal outcomes between women who received a course of antibiotics within 24 hours of PROM and women who received antibiotics after 24 hours of PROM. The primary outcome was neonatal survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, time from PROM to delivery, neonatal birth weight, days in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), composite adverse neonatal outcomes, and maternal morbidity. Results Ninety-four women met inclusion criteria, 57 (61%) received antibiotics within 24 hours of PROM and 37 (39%) received antibiotics 24 hours after PROM. Baseline maternal characteristics were similar in both groups. The mean gestational age at PROM was similar between groups at 20.8 ± 2.3 weeks in the immediate antibiotics group and 20.6 ± 2.1 weeks in the delayed antibiotics group (p = 0.48). Compared with delayed antibiotic administration, immediate antibiotic administration was not associated with a significant difference in latency time from PROM to delivery, rate of stillbirth, days in an ICU, or adverse neonatal outcomes. Maternal outcomes also did not differ significantly between groups. Neonatal birth weight was lower in the immediate antibiotics group (p = 0.012). Conclusion Our data suggest that there is no maternal or neonatal benefit to immediate administration of latency antibiotics compared with delayed administration. Key Points
An Inquiry into Home Visits as a Practice of Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy in Urban Schools

Family-school partnerships are considered essential to the success of multiply marginalized children in urban contexts. These partnerships often, however, reinforce middle-class white normativity a...
Child Witnesses of Domestic Violence: How Should Judges Apply the Best Interests of the Child Standard in Custody and Visitation Cases Involving Domestic Violence

Child custody and visitation cases are generally governed by a "best interests of the child" standard. This implies that the child's interests should govern the custody and visitation arrangements judges create. However, in cases involving domestic violence, the parents' interests, rather than the children's interests, have guided judges' custody and visitation decisions. Two different perspectives have served as the basis for judges' decisions in the context of domestic violence. First, battered women's advocates argue that children are emotionally and psychologically scarred by witnessing violence between their parents and are at risk of being physically harmed themselves, that battered women are endangered by joint custody arrangements, and that consequently there should be rebuttable presumptions against awarding batterers custody. Second, fathers' rights advocates argue that fathers have a right to custody of their children, and that children benefit from contact with their fathers after divorce. However, in the midst of the battered women's and fathers' rights advocates' rhetoric, children's best interests are often lost. In this Comment, Amy Levin proposes two options that would help safeguard children's interests in child custody and visitation cases involving domestic violence. Levin suggests that mandated treatment for batterers and supervised visitation would protect the rights and safety of children and battered women in custody and visitation cases, while at the same time allowing children the opportunity for continued contact with their fathers. In addition, because judges have little guidance in applying the best interests standard in child custody and visitation cases, especially in the context of domestic violence, Levin proposes that judges have mandatory education and training on domestic violence issues and children's adaptations to divorce. This would help judges make more effective and sensitive custody and visitation arrangements for children from violent homes.
Right Whale Diving and Foraging Behavior in the Southwestern Gulf of Maine

Abstract : Mitigation of a variety of anthropogenic threats to endangered baleen whales depends on information about how the whales use the water column. For example, reducing ship strike risk requires an understanding of how much time whales spend at the surface, and mitigating fishing gear entanglements by ground lines requires an understanding of how often and why whales might dive near the bottom. My long-term goal is to characterize baleen whale foraging behavior by studying diving behavior with respect to both the vertical/horizontal distribution of their prey and oceanographic features and conditions (e.g., mixed layer, stratification, turbulence). This approach will allow me to characterize not only where in the water column the whales feed, but also where the prey are located, why the prey are organized as they are, and how the whales respond to variability in prey distribution and oceanographic conditions. By using this same approach to study several baleen whale species, comparisons between species will ultimately be possible to address fundamental questions about foraging ecology (e.g., variability in foraging strategy induced by morphological constraints and/or prey species/behavior) as well as about differential rates of interaction with human activities.
Galactosemia. Report of four cases.

Four cases of galactosemia are presented; three occurred in one family. Autopsy findings on one case revealed portal cirrhosis and fatty infiltration of the liver. The etiology of hepatomegaly and the genetic aspects of the disease are discussed. The importance of identifying the reducing substance in patients with glycosuria is emphasized by the cases reported here.
Development of AUTOSAR Software Components within Model-Based Design

The steady growth in the number of electronic control units on the average vehicle and the complexity of the algorithms that reside on these controllers has resulted in one of the most significant initiatives in the automotive industry in years. AUTOSAR – the Automotive Open System Architecture – has united more than 100 companies, automobile manufacturers, suppliers and tool vendors to develop a standard architecture for electronic control units. By the end of 2006 Version 2.1 was released, and now OEMs as well as suppliers have started to develop and integrate AUTOSAR-compliant functionality and components into vehicles. This paper will focus on the approach and challenges faced by engineers developing AUTOSAR-compliant production code using Model-Based Design.
Turning toward Trisha Brown: Valiance and Fragility in Beth Gill's New Work for the Desert

In January 2013, the Trisha Brown Dance Company performed the final two works of Trisha Brown’s career. The following year, Beth Gill presented New Work for the Desert , an unsanctioned yet affectively nuanced study of Brown’s Newark (Niweweorce) (1987).
An OCR system for business cards

An experimental business card recognition system is described that recognizes Japanese business cards of a wide variety both in formats and fonts. It also classifies recognition results into several predefined categories so that a business card database is built automatically. The overall procedure divides into a character recognition phase and a linguistic processing phase. In the first phase, the system gives a strictly local approach toward line segmentation to cope with slanted images. In the linguistic processing phase, recognition result strings generated in the former phase are analysed, classified and verified with the help of built databases. Some experimental results are also discussed. >
Take it from the top (down)? Rethinking neoliberalism and political hierarchy in Mexico

In this article, I unpack the relationship between neoliberalism as a policy framework and as a rationality of governance by examining the daily practices of Mexican technocrats with advanced academic degrees in neoclassical economics. Neoclassical economics is implicitly regarded as the transparent technical mechanism through which neoliberal ideas are transmitted to policy. In contrast, I approach neoclassical economics as a system of knowledge for analyzing how markets work that is constituted and negotiated as it is applied to policy. Whereas existing accounts suggest that neoclassical economics effectively sanitizes politics by rendering the political technical, I argue that technical struggles are embedded in and prefigured by political struggles. I take the negotiations between political teams as a starting point from which to interrogate deep-seated assumptions about the rigidity of neoclassical economics, and I emphasize the role of what I call “anticipatory knowledge,” knowledge marshaled by political teams in anticipation of the knowledge claims of rival teams. [neoliberalism, economics, governmentality, expert knowledge, Mexico, policy]
Transplantation and the primary care physician.

Increasing appreciation of the survival benefits of kidney transplantation, compared with chronic dialysis, has resulted in more patients with kidney disease being referred and receiving organs. The evolving disparity between a rapidly increasing pool of candidates and a smaller pool of available donors has created new issues for the physicians who care for kidney patients and their potential living donors. This article outlines current efforts to address the growing number of patients who await transplantation, including relaxation of traditional donation criteria, maximization of living donation, and donation schemas that permit incompatible donor–recipient pairs to participate through paired donation and transplantation chains. New ethical issues faced by donors and recipients are discussed. Surgical advances that reduce the morbidity of donors are also described, as is the role of the primary physician in medical issues of both donors and recipients.
Biosynthesis of membrane factor B by mouse peritoneal macrophages

The biosynthesis of many of the complement proteins by cells of the monocyte-macrophage series has been established. Studies on these cells using radiolabelled amino acids demonstrated synthesis of precursor proteins (pro-complement), and the native complement protein similar in size to that found in the plasma. However, synthesis of membrane complement proteins has not been demonstrated, although it has been suggested by previous studies using indirect techniques. In particular, there is evidence for the membrane-associated factor B in human lymphocytes. We report here that resident and thioglycollate-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages synthesized, in short-term primary cultures membrane factor B of molecular weight (MW) 95,000 and secreted factor B (MW 90,000) as single chain polypeptides. We also found a large single chain polypeptide with an approximate molecular weight of 195,000, which may be the putative factor B precursor.
Measurement of the Magnetic Median Surface of the Princeton-Pennsylvania Accelerator

A description is made of the equipment used to determine the position and shape of the magnetic median surface (m.m.s.) of the P. P. A. weak focusing magnets far from the magnet ends. The reproducibility of the relative profiles of the m.m.s. was ±0.020 in. or better. The absolute location of the m.m.s. was uncertain to ±0.1 in. The effects of current sheets through the pole piece face windings and current loops on the front spacer as well as the profile of the m.m.s. were measured for many values of B(r, t), from B minimum to B maximum.
Common parent magma for Miocene to Holocene mafic volcanism in the northwestern United States

Primitive high-alumina olivine tholeiites have been documented from a wide area of Cenozoic volcanism in the northwestern United States. Several new localities extend the geographic range of these rocks to the Cascade Range of northern Oregon, the Picture Gorge region of north-central Oregon, and the Powder River volcanic field of northeastern Oregon. These new sites also extend the age range over which these primitive magmas were generated in the northwestern United States to between 16 Ma and the present. All of the high-alumina olivine tholeiites are of remarkably uniform chemical and mineralogical composition and are similar to primitive ocean-ridge and island-arc tholeiites. The wide distribution in time and space of this magma type and uniform primitive composition suggest that a relatively homogeneous oceanic mantle source underlies much of the northwestern United States. Basalts from the different volcanic provinces exhibit varied evolutionary trends away from this parental composition, reflecting the distinct magmatic processes involved in each province. Trace element and rare earth element abundances in the primitive high-alumina olivine tholeiite lavas record the involvement of crustal material in their genesis. It is argued that this chemical signature was acquired by assimilation of crustal material by a primitive magma such as mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) en route to the surface.
Stochastic partitions of sub-σ-fields of a probability measure space

Abstract Lattice and measure theoretic methods are used to characterize the system of implications of a set of stochastic partitions of collections of sub-σ-fields of a probability measure space.
Controlled synthesis of ultra-long vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanowire arrays for sensing and energy harvesting applications

A novel approach for the synthesis of ultra-long (up to ∼45 μm) vertically aligned barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanowire (NW) arrays on an oxidized Ti substrate is developed. The fabrication method uses a two-step hydrothermal reaction that firstly, involves the growth of ultra-long aligned sodium titanate NW arrays and secondly, involves the transfer of these precursor sodium titanate NW arrays to BaTiO3 NW arrays while retaining the shape of the template nanowires. The ion-exchange during the second hydrothermal reaction in barium hydroxide solution results in the structural transformation from single-crystal sodium titanate NW arrays to BaTiO3 NW arrays. This synthesis approach is low-cost, scalable, and enables control over the morphology and aspect ratio of the resulting BaTiO3 NW arrays by tuning the hydrothermal reaction parameters. In addition to the synthesis methods reported here, the energy harvesting behavior of the BaTiO3 NW arrays is evaluated as a function of their aspect ratio and demonstrated to produce significant impact on the energy produced. The newly developed hydrothermal synthesis process for controlled growth of ultra-long, vertically aligned BaTiO3 NW arrays provides a promising method for their efficient utilization in nano-electromechanical system-based sensors, energy harvesters, and nano-scale electronic devices.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPEPTIDE Y AND TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE IMMUNOREACTIVE INNERVATION IN POSTNATAL RAT HEART

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), immunoreactive (IR), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR nerve fibers were scarce at birth in rat heart, but increased rapidly during the first 2 postnatal weeks, reaching approximately adult levels by the third week. The sequence of development was: interatrial septum and atrial wall, free ventricular wall starting from the epicardium, and finally the atrial appendages and interventricular septum. In ventricles and atrial appendages both fiber types developed similarly. In interatrial septum and atrial walls more NPY-IR than TH-IR fibers were evident, and NPY-IR, but not TH-IR, neurons were detected in intrinsic ganglia. Double-label immunohistochemistry provided further evidence that NPY is located in ventricular and atrial noradrenergic nerves, but is also located in nonnoradrenergic nerves in atria.
Ion and pH gradients across the transport membrane of mitochondria following Mn++ uptake in the presence of acetate

Abstract The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of Mn ++ loaded mitochondria is affected by the presence of the permeant anion acetate (Ac − ) in the medium. The hyperfine sextet, shown earlier to have spectral characteristics like those expected of osmotically active Mn ++ in the matrix space, grows in intensity with increasing [Ac − ]. From estimates of mitochondrial water, the free internal [Mn ++ ] can be calculated. The gradient of free [Mn ++ ] across the inner mitochondrial membrane is believed to be at least 500:1 under conditions of high [Ac − ]. Since Mn ++ solubility is limited by [OH − ], it is possible to place an upper limit on the pH in the matrix space. The variation of free internal [Mn ++ ], as measured by EPR, with external pH indicates that the [H + ] gradient is 1–1.5 pH units in the absence of permeant anions and considerably less in the presence of 100 mM acetate.
Blockade of the ocular effects of acetazolamide by phencyclidine.

Abstract Phencyclidine, in low concentrations, has been found to block the vasoconstrictor action of acetazolamide in the isolated, arterially perfused iris-ciliary body of the cat. Similar concentrations of phencyclidine, in enucleated, arterially perfused whole cat eyes was found to prevent the action of acetazolamide to decrease the rate of aqueous humor formation. Experiments in living rhesus monkeys also demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of acetazolamide on aqueous humor formation can be effectively blocked by phencyclidinc.
The effect of structure on the resolution of dansyl amino acids using beta-cyclodextrin as a mobile phase additive in reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography

Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatographic separations of enantiomers of dansyl amino acids with varying structures were performed to determine the structural features necessary for enantioselection by beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a chiral mobile phase additive. In general, an increase in side chain length and increased branching caused a corresponding increase in the separation factor, alpha (α). The chiral center of the DNS-amino acid must be in close proximity to the (N,N-dimethylamino)naphthyl moiety for separation to occur. Eight DNS-DL-amino acid pairs were resolved for the first time using this methodology. New syntheses are reported forN-ɛ-DNS-D-lysine andO-DNS-D-tyrosine.
Alterations in antigen-induced DNA synthesis by specifically localizing cells and other lymphoid cells as a function of immunological memory.

Abstract The effect of prior immunological experience on the antigen-induced DNA synthesis by specifically localizing cells (SLC) and other cells capable of migrating into lymph nodes (nonspecific cells, NSC) has been studied. Prior immunization with a homologous red cell antigen (sheep red blood cells, SRBC) results in enhanced DNA synthesis, relative to controls pretreated with saline, by NSC but not SLC for the first 48 hr following secondary immunization. By 72 hr both SLC and NSC show markedly reduced DNA synthesis, the SLC showing the greater reduction. Prior immunization with the strongly cross-reacting antigen, ox red blood cells (ORBC), shows a similar but milder effect; prior immunization with the non-cross-reacting antigen chicken red blood cells (CRBC) is without effect, though a similar depression of DNA synthesis by both SLC and NSC occurs 72 hr after secondary immunization with CRBC. In the presence of a concomitant secondary reaction to a non-cross-reacting (CRBC) or very weakly cross-reacting (horse red blood cells, HRBC) antigen, DNA syntheses by SLC-SRBC and NSC are depressed to approximately the same extent, suggesting that the greater depression of DNA synthesis by SLC seen in homologous secondary reactions reflects the additive effects of clonally specific and nonspecific suppressive factors. A comparison of the DNA synthesis by cross-reacting (ORBC) and non-cross-reacting (SRBC) SLC in mice given SRBC following preimmunization with ORBC suggests that “educated” SLC are considerably more resistant to the effects of nonspecific suppressors than “naive” SLC. Passively administered antibody, in concentrations that markedly reduced the numbers of direct plaque-forming cells appearing 72 hr after primary immunization, had no significant effect on DNA synthesis by SLC or NSC.
Two-frequency multipole processes in superconducting tunnel junctions☆

Abstract By exposing a superconducting tunnel junction to microwave radiation at two frequencies simultaneously, photonassisted tunneling steps corresponding to sum and difference frequencies have been observed.
An evaluation of two GCMs: simulation of North American teleconnection indices and synoptic phenomena

We evaluate the ability of two coupled atmospheric–oceanic GCMs—the Hadley Center's third generation coupled climate model (HadCM3) and the Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis second-generation coupled model (CGCM2)—to simulate the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Pacific North American teleconnection pattern (PNA), and map patterns in the Midwest region of the United States, relative to NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (NNR) data. The observed (NNR-derived) and GCM-derived probability distributions and temporal behavior of the daily teleconnection indices exhibit agreement over the 1990–2001 reference period, and both GCMs successfully reproduce the range of 500-hPa map patterns over the study region. During the reference period, observed and modeled map patterns are similar in terms of frequency, coherence, persistence, and progression, although the most common map pattern occurs too often in HadCM3 relative to NNR and CGCM2-derived map patterns generally exhibit closer agreement with those derived from NNR data. Despite the relatively high degree of correspondence between the observed and simulated teleconnection indices and map patterns in the study area, differences between the GCM and NNR-derived map-pattern frequencies in the reference period are greater than either (1) recent historical changes in map-pattern frequencies or (2) changes in the map-pattern frequencies as derived from twenty-first century GCM simulations, indicating that changes in these phenomena over recent and approaching decades are of insufficient magnitude relative to model uncertainty to be definitively identified. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Coercivity Reduction in Nickel Ferrite (NiFe $_{2}$ O $_{4}$ ) Thin Films Through Surface Patterning

NiFe2O4(NFO), a spinel ferrite with high electrical resistivity and favorable magnetic properties, is an interesting material for high-frequency signal and power electronic applications. Here, significant reduction in the coercivity of NFO films is obtained through surface patterning via nanoimprint lithography. Multilayered NFO films are grown on c-plane (0001) sapphire substrates using room temperature chemical solution deposition. Two film variants, layer-by-layer and bulk, are deposited. Prior to crystallization, films are patterned with a polydimethylsiloxane stamp. Good feature transfer to the thin-film surface is confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Θ-2Θ X-ray diffraction shows that both variants produce single-phase inverse spinel NFO, with better texture in the layer-by-layer samples. Magnetic measurements show substantial reduction in coercivity in the patterned samples due to the surface anisotropy-enhanced demagnetization field. The bulk patterned sample showed the lowest coercivity, ~18 Oe in-plane, albeit with reduced saturation magnetization, whereas the layer-by-layer patterned film maintained the same degree of texture and saturation as unpatterned films, with a ~80% reduction in coercivity. These results show that nanoimprint lithography of chemical solution deposition films is a cost-effective pathway to engineering the coercivity of NFO films while retaining desirable saturation magnetization and texture.