cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formulary considerations in selection of beta-blockers.

Selection of β-adrenergic blockers for formulary addition can be a difficult task, especially with the increasing availability of new β-blockers, as well as the numerous differences in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of currently available agents. Nevertheless, appropriate evaluation of the important characteristics of β-blockers should allow selection of the most cost-effective agents for formulary addition. Most importantly, differences in efficacy, product formulation and cost should be carefully considered when making formulary decisions. Notably, evidence from clinical trials indicates differences in efficacy among β-blockers for post-myocardial infarction prophylaxis, situational anxiety, essential tremor, thyrotoxicosis, migraine prophylaxis and prevention of bleeding associated with oesophageal varices. For many clinical situations, it is also important to select an effective agent that is available in both an oral and intravenous formulation, especially for cardioprotection after acute myocardial infarction and for use in supraventricular arrhythmias. In addition, availability of sustained release products and generic formulations should be considered for their potential to increase compliance and decrease cost, respectively. Comparative drug costs, as well as costs associated with decreased compliance, should also be carefully evaluated.
Vestibular Contribution to Spatial Orientation

To determine if animals are capable of utilizing vestibular sensory input for spatial orientation, a six-arm radial maze with a rotating central turntable was constructed. Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on this apparatus by rotating them without visual, auditory, or olfactory cues. Animals were required to locate a reward (located in a constant position relative to the starting position) following random rotations varying from 0 to pm360d`, growing progressively larger in 60d` increments. Normal rats (N= 10) showed a steady improvement in performance over the training and testing period. Bilateral labyrinthectomy (N=5) produced a profound decrement in that performance (p>0.001). When visual cues were added, labyrinthectomized animals improved their performance, but remained significantly below that of normal animals without visual cues (p>0.001). Normal animals allowed to use visual cues showed no improvement over their performance without visual cues. The results indicate that rats can utilize vestibul...
Bond-propagation algorithm for thermodynamic functions in general two-dimensional Ising models

Recently, we developed and implemented the bond-propagation algorithm for calculating the partition function and correlation functions of random-bond Ising models in two dimensions [Y. L. Loh and E. W. Carlson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 227205 (2006)]. The algorithm is the fastest available for calculating these quantities near the percolation threshold. In this paper, we show how to extend the bond-propagation algorithm to directly calculate thermodynamic functions by applying the algorithm to derivatives of the partition function and we derive explicit expressions for this transformation. We also discuss variations of the original bond-propagation procedure within the larger context of $Y\ensuremath{\nabla}Y$ reducibility and discuss the relation of this class of algorithm to other algorithms developed for Ising systems. We conclude with a discussion on the outlook for applying similar algorithms to other models.
A New Proof of Anosov’s Averaging Theorem

Introduction. I would like to describe and sketch the proof of a result in averaging theory I obtained recently with Francois Golse and Pierre Lochak [6]. Our result comprises both a new proof, as well as a generalization, of D.V. Anosov’s general multiphase averaging theorem [1] for systems of ODEs with slow variables evolving in R m and fast variables evolving on a smooth compact immersed manifold. We extend Anosov’s work by allowing the fast variables to belong to an arbitrary smooth compact Riemannian manifold, and the vector field to have only Sobolev regularity. This is accomplished using normal form techniques adapted to a slightly generalized version of the DiPerna-Lions theory of generalized flows for ODEs [5]. By specializing to the case of Hamiltonian vector fields, we obtain an interesting and somewhat surprising result for Hamiltonians of low regularity, as well as a reason for including this article in these proceedings.
Mitochondrial Capacity in Skeletal Muscle Is Not Stimulated by Weight Loss Despite Increases in Insulin Action and Decreases in Intramyocellular Lipid Content

OBJECTIVE— In obesity and type 2 diabetes, exercise combined with weight loss increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity. It remains unclear whether mitochondrial capacity increases because of weight loss, improvements in insulin resistance, or physical training. In this study, we examined the effects of an intervention of weight loss induced by diet and compared these with those of a similar intervention of weight loss by diet with exercise. Both are known to improve insulin resistance, and we tested the hypothesis that physical activity, rather than improved insulin resistance, is required to increase mitochondrial capacity of muscle. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Sixteen sedentary overweight/obese volunteers were randomized to a 16-week intervention of diet ( n = 7) or diet plus exercise ( n = 9). Insulin sensitivity was measured using euglycemic clamps. Mitochondria were examined in muscle biopsies before and after intervention. We measured mitochondrial content and size by electron microscopy, electron transport chain (ETC) activity, cardiolipin content, and mitochondrial DNA content. Intramyocellular content of lipid (IMCL) and fiber-type distribution were determined by histology. RESULTS— The diet-only and diet plus exercise groups achieved similar weight loss (10.8 and 9.2%, respectively); only the diet plus exercise group improved aerobic capacity. Insulin sensitivity improved similarly in both groups. Mitochondrial content and ETC activity increased following the diet plus exercise intervention but remained unchanged following the diet-only intervention, and mitochondrial size decreased with weight loss despite improvement in insulin resistance. IMCL decreased in the diet-only but not in the diet plus exercise intervention. CONCLUSIONS— Despite similar effects to improve insulin resistance, these interventions had differential effects on mitochondria. Clinically significant weight loss in the absence of increased physical activity ameliorates insulin resistance and IMCL but does not increase muscle mitochondrial capacity in obesity.
Ciclesonide: a novel inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of persistent asthma – a pharmacologic and clinical profile

Inhaled corticosteroids are recommended first-line therapy for asthma of all severities. Concerns regarding local and systemic side effects can influence adherence, and subsequently, efficacy and long-term asthma control. Ciclesonide is a novel inhaled corticosteroid with an improved therapeutic margin – its efficacy is similar to that of other inhaled corticosteroids, but with a potentially better local and systemic safety profile in patients with persistent asthma. Ciclesonide is activated, mainly in the lung, to desisobutyryl-ciclesonide, the active metabolite, which, together with its other pharmacokinetic properties, contributes to its improved safety profile. Additionally, the drug is delivered through a hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler, which allows high lung deposition and delivery into the small airways. The improved therapeutic margin of ciclesonide may increase patient adherence, thereby ultimately improving asthma control.
New perspectives on public finance: recent achievements and future challenges

Abstract The advances in the economics of the public sector during the past quarter century have been as pronounced as in any field within economics. Public finance has become a rigorous branch of applied microeconomics, incorporating the best thinking and most advanced tools of both theoretical economics and econometrics. In the remarks below, I will focus on a few key areas in applied and theoretical tax and expenditure policy, drawing both upon the academic work of myself and others, and my experiences in the policy arena, both as Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers and as Chief Economist of the World Bank. I shall address both the questions of what we have learned in the past few decades as well as the questions where further research is needed.
INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION IN A SECOND LANGUAGE: A REVIEW

It is widely agreed that much second language vocabulary learning occurs incidentally while the learner is engaged in extensive reading. After a decade of intensive research, however, the incidental learning of vocabulary is still not fully understood, and many questions remain unsettled. Key unresolved issues include the actual mechanism of incidental acquisition, the type and size of vocabulary needed for accurate guessing, the degree of exposure to a word needed for successful acquisition, the efficacy of different word-guessing strategies, the value of teaching explicit guessing strategies, the influence of different kinds of reading texts, the effects of input modification, and, more generally, the problems with incidental learning. This article briefly surveys the empirical research that has been done on these issues in recent years.
Novel approaches to the analysis of polysaccharide structures.

Abstract Recently, atomic force microscopy has been used to image a variety of polysaccharides and map their distribution on cell surfaces. The mechanical response of polysaccharides to tensile stress has been investigated in single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments. Small-angle X-ray scattering has provided a probe of polysaccharide structure operating in a size range (2–25 nm) that is intermediate between those accessible using nuclear magnetic resonance and light scattering.
Targeted therapy for NSCLC: ALK inhibition

Purpose: The purpose of this review article is to describe the emerging data of ALK receptor tyrosine kinaase inhibitors in ALK mutation positive NSCLC.Summary: ALK mutations have been identified in approximately 2.4–13% of patients with NSCLC, occurring more frequently in adenocarcinomas and never and light smokers. Crizotinib is an oral ATP-competitive selective inhibitor of the ALK and MET tyrosine kinases that inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of activated ALK at nanomolar concentrations. A phase II study demonstrated an overall response rate of 57% (95% CI, 46 to 68), with the most common toxicity grade I fatigue and visual disturbances. Elevations in lever function tests were also reported.Conclusion: The ALK receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib may be an effective therapy in ALK mutated NSCLC and is currently being compared to standard chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Recurrent Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Inner-City Minority Patients: Behavioral, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors

OBJECTIVE To conduct a bedside study to determine the factors driving insulin noncompliance in inner-city patients with recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed socioeconomic and psychological factors in 164 adult patients with DKA who were admitted to Grady Hospital between July 2007 and August 2010, including demographics, diabetes treatment, education, and mental illness. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Short Form-36 surveys were used to screen for depression and assess quality of life. RESULTS The average number of admissions was 4.5 ± 7 per patient. A total of 73 patients presented with first-time DKA, and 91 presented with recurrent DKA; 96% of patients were African American. Insulin discontinuation was the leading precipitating cause in 68% of patients; other causes were new-onset diabetes (10%), infection (15%), medical illness (4%), and undetermined causes (3%). Among those who stopped insulin, 32% gave no reasons for stopping, 27% reported lack of money to buy insulin, 19% felt sick, 15% were away from their supply, and 5% were stretching insulin. Compared with first-time DKA, those with recurrent episodes had longer duration of diabetes ( P P = 0.04), and had higher rates of depression ( P = 0.04), alcohol ( P = 0.047) and drug ( P P = 0.005). There were no differences in quality-of-life scores, major psychiatric illnesses, or employment between groups. CONCLUSIONS Poor adherence to insulin therapy is the leading cause of recurrent DKA in inner-city patients. Several behavioral, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and educational factors contribute to poor compliance. The recognition of such factors and the institution of culturally appropriate interventions and education programs might reduce DKA recurrence in minority populations.
Diet composition and sex influence bioperiodicity in rat's central nervous system histamine (H1) receptors

Abstract The central histaminergic system (including histamine and its H1 receptor) has been implicated in the regulation of food intake. These studies were designed to examine both gender and dietary effects on bioperiodicity of histamine receptors (H1) in the central nervous system of rats. Groups of male or female rats were freely fed either a 25% casein diet or a 1% casein diet. Brain tissue was collected every three hours for a 27-hr period. Significant bioperiodicities in central nervous system H1 receptor binding were identified in both sexes (P
Two-Turn Extraction from an Injector Synchrotron

For a fast cycling synchrotron injector (booster), a significant cost reduction, mainly related to rf requirements, may be obtained by reducing the booster cycling rate. For this reason slow cycling synchrotrons with multiturn extraction have been considered for the purpose of a booster injector. The disadvantage of time dependent beam emittance and beam intensity during the extraction process is well known. With two-turn extraction this problem can be avoided making it still possible to reduce the booster cycling rate by a factor of two. Specifically for the 200-400 GeV NAL accelerator booster synchrotron, two-turn extraction has been studied and results are reported here, mainly related to extraction losses, betatron oscillation tune tolerance and extracted beam effective phase space dilution or beam transfer losses.
The Effects of Frame of Reference on Responses to Questions about Sexual Assault Victimization and Perpetration.

Self-reports of sexual assault are affected by a variety of factors including the number of questions, question phrasing, and context. Participants (307 women, 166 men) were randomly assigned to one of two forms of a questionnaire. One form had the tactics used to obtain forced sex as the initial frame of reference, whereas the other form had the type of sex that was forced as the initial frame of reference. Seventy-five percent of the women who received the tactics-first version reported that they had at least one victimization experience since the age of 14, as compared to 62% of the women who received the type-of-sex-first version. Sixty-nine percent of the men who received the tactics-first version reported that they had at least one perpetration experience since the age of 14, as compared to 36% of the men who received the type-of-sex-first version. These findings have implications for how questionnaires should be designed to maximize reporting of sexual assault incidents.
A software framework for trace analysis targeting multicore platforms design

This demonstration presents a complete software framework for dynamically mapping multi-threaded applications on a cycle accurate Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecture, analyzing the statistics of network workloads and drawing general guidelines regarding the design and optimization of NoCs.
Psychological Determinism and the Evolving Nursing Paradigm

The purpose of this article is to explore three behaviorist theories and their roles within the evolving paradigm of nursing. The authors suggest that the behaviorist theories of locus of control, self-efficacy, and the health belief model are derived from deterministic philosophical premises. These premises are in direct conflict with the premise of free will. As interpreted by the authors and many others, the emerging paradigm of nursing relies on the free will of the individual, the ability of the individual to choose for himself/herself what course of action to take, to avoid, or to pursue. The authors address the psychological deterministic philosophical premises within the three theories and utilize nursing theories to compare and contrast the views of free will and determinism. Finally, they suggest that the use of borrowed and applied theories should decline when nurse scientists are true to the philosophical assumptions of theories within nursing science.
Diet and Cancer

The large differences in cancer rates among countries, striking changes in these rates among migrating populations, and rapid changes over time within countries indicate that some aspect of lifestyle or environment is largely responsible for the common cancers in Western countries. Dietary fat has been hypothesized to be the key factor because national consumption is correlated with the international differences. However, detailed analyses in large prospective studies have not supported an important role of dietary fat. Instead, positive energy balance, reflected in early age at menarche and weight gain as an adult, is an important determinant of breast and colon cancers, consistent with numerous studies in animals. As a contributor to positive energy balance, and possibly by other mechanisms, physical inactivity has also been shown to be a risk factor for these diseases and in part accounts for the international differences. Although the percentage of calories from fat in the diet does not appear related to risk of colon cancer, greater risks have been seen with higher consumption of red meat, suggesting that factors other than fat per se are important. In many case-control studies, a high consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risks of numerous cancers, but recent prospective studies suggest these associations may have been overstated. Among the factors in fruits and vegetables that have been examined in relation to cancer risk, present data most strongly support a benefit of higher folic acid consumption in reducing risks of colon and breast cancers. These findings have been bolstered by an association between incidence of colon cancer and a polymorphism in the gene for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid metabolism. The benefits of folic acid appear strongest among persons who regularly consume alcohol, which itself is associated with risk of these cancers. Numerous other aspects of diet are hypothesized to influence the risks of cancers in Western countries, but for the moment the evidence is unclear.
Cerebral Phosphoinositide and Energy Metabolism During and After Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia

: During and after insulin-induced hypoglycemia, changes in levels of cerebral phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), phosphatidic acid (PA), triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and free fatty acids (FFAs) as well as the cerebral energy state were studied in relation to the EEG. In hypoglycemic rats with an EEG pattern of quasiperiodic sharp or slow sharp waves, which preceded the development of an isoelectric EEG, PIP2 levels increased significantly, together with a slight decrease in PI content. Levels of the other lipids did not change during this period. The cerebral energy state was affected only slightly in spite of profound decreases in plasma and tissue glucose levels. With 30 min of an isoelectric EEG, levels of all phos-phoinositides and PA decreased significantly; total FFA and DAG contents increased seven-and twofold, respectively; the TAG-palmitate level decreased, and that of TAG-arachidonate increased. Plasma and tissue glucose were nearly depleted, and the cerebral energy state deteriorated severely. The increment in fatty acids in the DAG and FFA pools was less than their loss from phosphoinositides and PA, an observation suggesting vascular washout or oxidation of a portion of the FFAs produced. Following 90 min of glucose infusion, PIP and PA levels recovered to control values; however, the PIP2 content exceeded control levels, and that of PI remained below control levels. DAG and FFA contents returned to normal. The data suggest that PIP2 synthesis is increased or PIP2 degradation is blocked because of disturbed neurotransmission during the preisoelectric and recovery periods, at a time when the tissue energy state is minimally affected, and that all phosphoinositides are degraded during the period of isoelectric EEG, probably owing to energy shortage.
8. Why Do Countries Borrow the Way They Borrow

This paper analyzes the interplay between individual borrowers’ choices for liability denomination and the optimal monetary policy. If the monetary authority cares about preventing bankruptcy and most liabilities are denominated in dollars, it will stabilize the exchange rate at the expense of higher volatility in the interest rate and vice-versa if most liabilities are denominated in local currency. That can generate multiplicity of equilibria in the liability composition. If an individual borrower expects the others to borrow in dollars (pesos) he or she will expect the monetary policy to be tailored for that liability denomination and as a result would find it optimal to borrow in dollars (pesos) as well. If the monetary authority has a strong enough preference for exchange rate (interest rate) stability the equilibrium becomes unique with the liabilities denominated in dollars (pesos).
The author's role in cueing strategic processing of college textbooks

Abstract Given that college students do much of their learning by studying from textbooks, we were interested in the guidance they receive in their interactions with print. Having previously reported on the influence of course instructors on the student‐textbook interaction, here we examined the nature and prevalence of author‐provided cues to effective processing. Thus, we analyzed introductory college level textbooks in psychology and biology, using a category system meant to identify cues that would help learners focus their attention, relate the text to their previous experience, enhance their interest, provide a different form for the information by giving a graphic or textual restatement, and provide aids to organizing the information. We found that the types of cues to strategic processing varied widely both across and within the two disciplines represented and that, aggregated together, the mean number of cues per page ranged from 8.27 to 16.71. From looking at the types of cues that were most fre...
LinkedIn For Accounting And Business Students

LinkedIn is a social media application that every accounting and business student should join and use. LinkedIn is a database of 90,000,000 business professionals that enables each to connect and interact with their business associates. Five reasons are offered for why accounting students should join LinkedIn followed by 11 hints for use.
HIV Replication in LEGO Mosaic

AIDS education and prevention targeting adolescents can take many forms.1–4 Early efforts focused on promoting abstinence and faithfulness, combining condom use and suppression of sexually transmitted diseases. Later efforts added focused interventions targeting populations that were particularly at risk, or particularly important in sustaining the epidemic. More recently, these approaches have been further augmented with more biomedical interventions, and implementation of treatment itself as prevention. All these approaches together have shown some impressive successes, but spotlight the challenges; in 2012 an estimated 2.1 million adolescents were living with HIV.2 In an effort to interest children and adolescents in learning more about HIV, we have created a description of the HIV replication cycle in LEGO mosaic. Figure 1 summarizes the replication cycle, and a stop-action movie version can be seen at www.bushmanlab.org/lego. The hope is to draw in children and adolescents, and maybe adults, with interesting visuals and jumpy music, with a goal of motivating further investigation of the subject. More information targeted at children, adolescents, and adults learning about HIV/AIDS for the first time can be found in the following links: www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/age/youth/index.html, www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials, www.aidsmap.com/, and http://hivsystemsbiology.org/wiki/index.php/Introduction. FIG. 1. The image shows the HIV replication cycle, illustrated in LEGO mosaic. A full movie in stop action LEGO can be viewed at www.bushmanlab.org/lego. The video displays how the HIV virus binds to cells, how preintegration complexes enter the nucleus, how ...
Monitoring Water in Automotive Lubricants with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

The presence of water in lubricants can cause a variety of quality and performance problems (1). Depending on the lubricant type and application, excessive water can cause additive fall out or hydrolysis, corrosion and pitting of metal surfaces during use, interference with surface active additives such as friction modifiers, foaming of the lubricant and filter plugging. Quality checks for water are commonly done using techniques such as visual inspection, crackle test, measurement of dielectric breakdown voltage (2) or Karl Fischer titration (3). Of these, only Karl Fischer titration is truly quantitative. Quantitation of water can be complicated by the presence of hydrophilic additives, which attract and bind water. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) can be used as a screening test because the presence of water will cause a broad absorbance peak to appear at about 3400 cm -1 due to the OH stretch. The use of FTIR is examined for the accurate determination of water in new, formulated oils. It has been compared to Karl Fischer titration for ease of use and for approximate detection limits in four different types of automotive fluids: gear oil, heavy duty engine oil, passenger car motor oil and tractor hydraulic oil. The viability of the routine use of FTIR was also compared to the other more common, non-quantitative methods described above.
The Changs Next Door to the Diazes: Suburban Racial Formation in Los Angeles’s San Gabriel Valley

Asian Americans and Mexican Americans began to purchase homes in Los Angeles’s San Gabriel Valley in large numbers beginning in the 1950s and 1960s. They approached the task with a full awareness of the realities of structural racial discrimination and the limitations it imposed on where they could and could not live. As largely middle-income homebuyers, however, they had a degree of choice distinct from their poorer, nonwhite counterparts that was also informed by differentiated positions in American racial hierarchies vis-a-vis property—in particular, the “model minority” status of Asian Americans, and the ambiguously white standing of Mexican Americans. However, even while housing market discrimination shaped their initial movements to a large degree, Asian American and Latina/Latino residents of the area ultimately participated in producing what George Lipsitz has called a moral geography of differentiated space, in which their motivations and long-term actions differed significantly from those of whi...
A Victorian extinction: Alfred Newton and the evolution of animal protection

The modern concept of extinction emerged in the Victorian period, though its chief proponent is seldom remembered today. Alfred Newton, for four decades the professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at Cambridge, was an expert on rare and extinct birds as well as on what he called ‘the exterminating process'. Combining traditional comparative morphology with Darwinian natural selection, Newton developed a particular sense of extinction that helped to shape contemporary, and subsequent, animal protection. Because he understood extinction as a process to be studied scientifically, and because he made that, rather than animal cruelty, the focus of animal protection, Newton provides an important window onto the relationship between science and sentiment in this period. Newton's efforts to bring the two into line around the issue of human-caused extinction reveal an important moment in which the boundaries between science and sentiment, and between those who did and those who did not have the authority to speak for nature, were up for grabs.
Retroviral vector design studies toward hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis type I.

To optimize a gene transfer system for hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I, 10 retroviral vectors were constructed to express the human α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) cDNA. These vectors were designed to evaluate the potential effects of specific promoters, the addition of selectable markers, and the use of multiple promoters versus an internal ribosome entry site for expression of IDUA and selectable maker genes. The effect of vector design was investigated in primary patient fibroblasts (FMPS) or murine fibroblast cell lines; while overall comparison of transgene expression was determined in patients’ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLMPS) and CD34+ progenitors (PBPCMPS). We observed that the human PGK promoter introduced the highest IDUA activity per 1% relative transgene frequency in FMPS. Use of the same promoter to separately regulate both the therapeutic gene and a drug-resistance gene resulted in decreased expression of the unselected gene. Co-selection using bicistronic vectors not only increased the number of transductants, but also elevated transgene expression under selective pressure in transgene-positive progenitors. Bicistronic vector LP1CD overcame down-regulation and practically introduced the highest IDUA level in unselected PBLMPS and an intermediate level in PBPCMPS. These studies provide a better understanding of factors contributing to efficient gene expression in hematopoietic cells.
Current knowledge on assessing the effects of and managing bleeding and urgent procedures with direct oral anticoagulants

Purpose Current knowledge on managing major bleeding events with available hemostatic agents, including their combined use with potential reversal agents, in patients taking direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) is reviewed. Summary Over the past five years, a new generation of oral agents, the DOACs, has emerged as commonly used anticoagulants for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation, and treatment or secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. Management of a bleeding event in the setting of DOAC therapy should take into account the relative risks of bleeding and thrombosis, which will determine the degree of anticoagulant reversal required. In the setting of a major (critical) bleeding event associated with notable blood loss, management may include transfusions of blood products to sustain the function of organ systems, and the availability of specific reversal agents will provide additional options for bleeding management. Beyond withholding the DOAC and providing supportive management that addresses any factors contributing to the bleeding event, clinicians may desire to expedite the removal of any anticoagulation effects. In general, this is accomplished by either removing or neutralizing the anticoagulant or by independently establishing hemostasis. Conclusion With or without reversal agents, patients may require supportive management such as mechanical pressure, volume support, transfusions of blood products, and, depending on the situation, surgery to repair the bleeding source. Specific reversal agents are currently under development or have recently been approved for the urgent management of bleeding events or the facilitation of invasive procedures in patients receiving DOACs.
QM/MM free energy simulations of indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase(IAMT):catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity

Indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferases(IAMTs)catalyzes the methylation of the free carboxyl end of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and is believed to play an important role in plant leaf development.Nevertheless,the detailed catalytic mechanism for the enzymes has not been investigated.Here the results of quantum mechanical/molecu-lar mechanical(QM/MM)free energy simulations for the methyl transfer process in Arabi-dopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)IAMT(AtIAMT1)are reported to determine the catalytic mechanism and origin of the substrate specificity for IAMTs.The free energy barrier for the methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine(AdoMet)to Indole-3-acetate(IAA)in AtIAMT1was found to be considerably lower than that from AdoMet to salicylate,consist-ent with previous experimental observations and substrate specificity of the enzyme.It is suggested that the relatively high efficiency for the methylation of IAA compared to salicy-late is due,at least in part,to the reason that a part of the stabilization of the transition state(TS)configuration is already reflected in the reactant complex,presumably,through the substrate binding.The results support the earlier suggestion that the computer simulations might provide important insights into the origin of the substrate specificity for the enzymes in the SABATH family and could be used to help experimental efforts in generating engineered enzymes with altered substrate specificity.
The Research on Distributed Cluster Parallel Simulation

A network-based distributed cluster parallel simulation system is realized in this paper.The simulation system improves the computing efficiency and the performance itself by use of the technologies of the load balance,sharing memory and so all.Multisample combats of naval weapon and equipment system-of-systems in the image of tactical background and battle condition are experimented in the paper.The resules show that the system has a good stable searching capacity and good parallel computing efficiency.The proposed system can be used to solve the quick Monte Carlo simulition of Multi-sample naval tactics.
Kidney Hematoma Due to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Causing Transient Renin Mediated Hypertension

Abstract: We report on a man who had a left perirenal and intrarenal hematoma after lithotripsy accompanied by hypertension, elevated left renal vein renin and a further decrease in left renal blood flow following Captopril, indicating the presence of a Page kidney.
Safety of long-acting beta agonists in adults with asthma.

LABAs appear to be safe when used with inhaled corticosteroids. LABA monotherapy is associated with an increase in asthma-related mortality and nonfatal serious adverse events, but not in all-cause mortality.
Allograft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique has evolved rapidly in recent years. Graft materials may potentially complement arthroscopic reconstruction by further reducing surgical morbidity. In this article, the authors discuss the use of autografts in two frequently performed arthroscopic reconstructions.
Using Biomedical Applications in Touch and Ink Mobile Apps to Engage and Retain Stem Students in Calculus

With support from three Hewlett-Packard Awards and a 4-year NSF-CCLI Grant, the Department of Mathematical Sciences at Clemson partnered with Computer Science to develop and implement pen technology in Engineering Calculus I. Our goals from 2006 to 2011 included personalizing instruction in large activelearning classrooms, reducing the DFW rate through in-class active learning and the analysis of errors in inked submissions. Our current focus, via a 2011NSF-TUES grant, is to motivate interest in calculus by immersing students in bioengineering and biomedical applications, and then converting ideas from these experiences, again with the help of Computer Science, into interactive touch and ink “mobile apps” for both Apple iPad and Android tablets. Beginning in Fall 2011 and continuing into 2013, students with STEM majors can enroll in four (1 credit hour) creative inquiry modules on epidemiology, orthopedics, heat propagation in the human body, or radiology. These modules are taken in parallel with the freshman and sophomore calculus curriculum. Students create presentations on the content in these modules, which include a pedagogical component. We ask them how best to convey the information within a touch and ink environment, so as to engage and clearly convey the connection with calculus. We will present brief descriptions of each module’s content, student responses and performance, and how we are developing ink and touch mobile apps with the help of students both in mathematics and computer science.
Surgical Apgar score is associated with myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery

Abstract Study Objective To assess the impact of intraoperative hemodynamics in the development of perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial ischemia after noncardiac surgery. Design Single-center retrospective cohort study of surgical patients from 2007 to 2012. Setting Postanesthesia care unit, intensive care unit, and medical-surgical ward at an academic tertiary medical center. Patients A total of 46,799 adult noncardiac, nonthoracic surgery patients, for which 2290 peak cardiac troponin (cTn) levels were available. Measurements The 10-point Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) was calculated from intraoperative heart rate, blood pressure, and blood loss. Peak troponin (cTn) levels, hospital length of stay, 7- and 30-day postoperative mortality, patient demographics, and prior medical conditions were gathered. Troponin leak was defined as cTn-I 0.6 to 1.5 ng/mL or cTn-T 0.1 to 0.3 ng/mL; perioperative MI criteria were cTn-I greater than 1.5 ng/mL or cTn-T greater than 0.30 ng/mL. Main results Of 46,799 noncardiac surgical cases, 209 (0.4%) and 192 (0.4%) suffered cTn leak and MI, respectively. Low SAS (0-4) was associated with increased risk of cTn leak and perioperative MI (univariate odds ratio, 2.76 and 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 2.20-3.45 and 1.57-2.70, respectively). In multivariable analysis, Surgical Apgar Score, age 65 years or older, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status greater than or equal to III, emergency surgery, history of MI or hypertension, prolonged intraoperative tachycardia (heart rate >100 beats/min for >59 minutes), and prolonged hypotension (mean arterial pressure 2 minutes) were independently associated with cTn leak and perioperative MI. Conclusions Low SAS scores (0-4) may be associated with cTn elevation after noncardiac surgery. SAS-based risk stratification may guide perioperative cTn surveillance in lieu of routine postoperative screening.
The International Development of India and Pakistan

This paper attempts to review briefly what other economists have already written about the international trade of India and Pakistan, to raise some questions which may suggest further empirical work, and to make some assertions for which I cannot now cite any reference. Section I briefly discusses the import policies of India and Pakistan. Section II examines the exports of India and Pakistan to the rest of the world, and section III deals with the benefits to each country of increased trade between them.2 I ignore the international movement of people and of capital. 1950 and 1967, and the index of export prices of the industrial countries rose by 1¸5 per cent per year in the same period: International Financial Statistics. If one knew the appropriate exchange rate over time, one could compare directly the ratio of imports to G.N.P. over time in India and Pakistan.
Quantitative Predictions of Adult Human Drug Effects from Stem Cell-Derived Myocyte Physiology

Emerging as a convenient, reliable source of heart cells, human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are becoming commonly used in drug development. Despite the qualitative similarity of action potentials (APs) and calcium transients (CaTs), the quantitative translation from hiPSC-CMs to human adult cardiac myocytes (hAMs) physiology remains challenging. To build a quantitative bridge between hiPSC-CMs and hAMs, we developed a multivariable regression model that can predict features of hAM APs and CaTs from behaviors of hiPSC-CMs. Simulations were performed with hAM and hiPSC-CM dynamic models on a heterogeneous population of 500 cells. Partial Least Squares regression was then used to predict hAM AP and CaT features (duration, amplitude, etc) from the matrix of features computed in the hiPSC-CM model. Behaviors obtained during spontaneous hiPSC-CM beating were by themselves not sufficient to accurately predict hAM features, but a highly predictive model (R2 =0.93) could be built by further including hiPSC-CM results obtained at two pacing rates. Additional strengths of our regression model include: (1) predicting the acute effects of ion channel block (e.g. IKr and ICaL) in hAMs with R2 above 0.9; (2) accurately predicting the ion channel blocking profile when effects of a hypothetical unknown drug are tested in hiPSC-CMs. Our model, which maps physiology from hiPSC-CMs to hAMs, can benefit the drug development process in several important ways: (1) drug-induced changes in hAMs APs and CaTs can be quantitatively predicted from recordings in hiPSC-CMs; (2) physiological recordings in hiPSC-CMs can accurately determine which ion channels are blocked by new drugs. Our simulation results suggest that when combining recordings in hiPSC-CMs with appropriate computational tools, drug effects in adult myocardium can be predicted with quantitative accuracy.
Altered mitochondrial dynamics as a consequence of Venezuelan Equine encephalitis virus infection.

Mitochondria are sentinel organelles that are impacted by various forms of cellular stress, including viral infections. While signaling events associated with mitochondria, including those activate...
Investigating the genetic relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and cancer using GWAS summary statistics

Growing evidence from both epidemiology and basic science suggest an inverse association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer. We examined the genetic relationship between AD and various cancer types using GWAS summary statistics from the IGAP and GAME-ON consortia. Sample size ranged from 9931 to 54,162; SNPs were imputed to the 1000 Genomes European panel. Our results based on cross-trait LD Score regression showed a significant positive genetic correlation between AD and five cancers combined (colon, breast, prostate, ovarian, lung; r g = 0.17, P = 0.04), and specifically with breast cancer (ER-negative and overall; r g = 0.21 and 0.18, P = 0.035 and 0.034) and lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and overall; r g = 0.31, 0.38 and 0.30, P = 0.029, 0.016, and 0.006). Estimating the genetic correlation in specific functional categories revealed mixed positive and negative signals, notably stronger at annotations associated with increased enhancer activity. This suggests a role of gene expression regulators in the shared genetic etiology between AD and cancer, and that some shared variants modulate disease risk concordantly while others have effects in opposite directions. Due to power issues, we did not detect cross-phenotype associations at individual SNPs. This genetic overlap is not likely driven by a handful of major loci. Our study is the first to examine the co-heritability of AD and cancer leveraging large-scale GWAS results. The functional categories highlighted in this study need further investigation to illustrate the details of the genetic sharing and to bridge between different levels of associations.
Society in time and space: a geographical perspective on change

Dodgshon, Robert A. Society in time and space: a geographical perspective on change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998
Modeling and simulation of port-of-entry systems

This paper describes a suite of simulation models for Port-of-Entry (POE) systems, dubbed POESS (POE Simulation System). POESS was developed with the support of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for use primarily by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agency. POESS aims to assist CBP in POE design and operational decision making. A POESS simulation model of the Bridge of the Americas (BOTA) POE, located at El Paso, Texas, is described as an example.
Three Buddhist Texts from Dunhuang

“Three Buddhist Texts from Dunhuang” provides an introduction to and translation of texts that are representative of the larger genre of Chinese Buddhist medical literature. These examples are indigenous Chinese Buddhist scriptures dating to the early ninth century. They were recovered in the early twentieth century at Dunhuang in western China. Although they often draw from Indian Buddhist sources, these texts are local Chinese products and are characterized by etiologies and therapeutics drawn from both Indian Buddhist traditions and Chinese worldviews. In these texts, disease is alternately the result of personal immorality, divine retribution, and collective misconduct. The prescribed therapies are also multiple, but consistently social in nature. These include worshiping buddhas and Buddhist deities, performing repentance rituals, copying Buddhist scriptures, sponsoring meals, and refraining from immoral behavior. As manuscripts essentially discovered in situ , these texts provide valuable insight into on-the-ground worldviews, concerns, practices, and institutions in far western China. With their composite nature, drawing from established Indian Buddhist scriptures, folk beliefs, and governmental fiats, they are also suggestive of the strategies behind indigenous textual production.
Trends in wind, rain, and ships measured from ambient sound in the Bering Sea

Advances in low-cost passive acoustic technology are providing long term, ambient sound time series from which to better understand the complex interactions between marine life, the environment, and mankind in remote, seasonally ice covered areas such as the Bering Sea. Remotely deployed Passive Acoustic Listeners (PALs) operate according to an adaptive sampling protocol as opposed to recording continuously, thus enabling data collection for a full year at a sampling rate of 100 kHz. Adaptive sub-sampling overcomes hardware and power limitations by reducing the amount of data acquired, while maintaining a high probability of detection and classification of targeted signals. Source contributions to the overall soundscape vary in space and time, and are highly dependent on temporal, geographic, and oceanographic factors. The differences observed in the acoustic record over time and between locations reflect changes in both physical and biological dynamics. This study focused only on the changing patterns of...