cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nontubular epithelial Na+ channel proteins in cardiovascular regulation

The role of Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) proteins in cardiovascular regulation and blood pressure control traditionally have been viewed through the lens of ENaC-dependent salt and water transport in the renal cortical collecting duct. In this nephron segment, decreases in ENaC expression/activity lead to salt and water wasting resulting in hypotension and increases lead to hypertension via increased renal salt and water reabsorption. However, the article entitled “Enhanced expression of epithelial sodium channels causes salt-induced hypertension in mice through inhibition of the α2 isoform of Na+, K+ ATPase” in the current issue (Leenen et al. 2015), as well as previous publications from this and other groups, demonstrate that non-tubular ENaC proteins contribute to cardiovascular regulation beyond their direct role in cortical collecting duct salt and water transport (Huang and Leenen 2005; Guan et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2009; Kusche-Vihrog et al. 2010; Drummond 2012).
Myo6 facilitates the translocation of endocytic vesicles from cell peripheries

Immunolocalization studies in epithelial cells revealed myo6 was associated with peripherally located vesicles that contained the transferrin receptor. Pulse-chase experiments after transferrin uptake showed that these vesicles were newly uncoated endocytic vesicles and that myo6 was recruited to these vesicles immediately after uncoating. GIPC, a putative myo6 tail binding protein, was also present. Myo6 was not present on early endosomes, suggesting that myo6 has a transient association with endocytic vesicles and is released upon early endosome fusion. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to myo6 as well as the cargo-binding tail (M6tail) alone targeted to the nascent endocytic vesicles. Overexpression of GFP-M6tail had no effect on a variety of organelle markers; however, GFP-M6tail displaced the endogenous myo6 from nascent vesicles and resulted in a significant delay in transferrin uptake. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that transferrin accumulated in uncoated vesicles within the peripheries of transfected cells and that Rab5 was recruited to the surface of these vesicles. Given sufficient time, the transferrin did traffic to the perinuclear sorting endosome. These data suggest that myo6 is an accessory protein required for the efficient transportation of nascent endocytic vesicles from the actin-rich peripheries of epithelial cells, allowing for timely fusion of endocytic vesicles with the early endosome.
Somatic tissue responses of male rhesus monkeys treated with a contraceptive steroid formulation

Abstract Rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) were treated with testosterone (100 μg/kg/day) plus estradiol (0.5 μ/kg/day) via subcutaneous polydimethylsiloxane (PDS; Silastic) implants for thirteen months. This steroid regimen inhibited dramatically spermatogenesis. Gross and histopathological examination of the musculoskeletal, circulatory, endocrine (excluding the testis), central nervous, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems failed to uncover any untoward effects of the long-term exposure due to the contraceptive formulation. Similarly, no remarkable effects were observed in the ionic, chemical and formed elements of blood or secondary sex structures. Failure to detect secondary complications attributed to the steroid treatment offers further justification for evaluating a contraceptive strategy based on administering naturally occurring steroids at sustained rates approximating those at which they are produced endogenously in the human male.
Writing pushdown acceptors

This paper introduces a new automaton, called a writing pushdown acceptor (abbreviated wpda), and investigates some of its properties. A wpda is essentially a two-way pushdown acceptor that can write on its input tape. A number of results about wpda are established. In particular, it is shown thato(1)Each set accepted by a wpda is accepted by some wpda that halts for all inputs. (2)The family of sets accepted by deterministic wpda forms a Boolean algebra of sets, contains the family of context sensitive languages, and properly contains the family of sets accepted by deterministic two-way pushdown acceptors. (3)The family of sets accepted by (deterministic) wpda is contained in the family of sets accepted by (deterministic) stack acceptors. In the deterministic case, the containment is shown to be proper.
A Calculus of Complicity: The Wehrmacht , the Anti-Partisan War, and the Final Solution in White Russia, 1941–42

On October 10, 1941, the soldiers of the 3rd Company, 691st Infantry Regiment were uneasy. The task ahead of them was something new. They were to kill the entire Jewish population of Krucha, a town in central Belarus. A few hours later, Private Wilhelm Magel stood with another soldier in front of four Jewish women and an old man with a long, white beard. The company First Sergeant, Emil Zimber, ordered the Jews to turn away from the shooters, but they remained facing the German soldiers. Zimber gave the order to fire but Magel and his colleague, a former divinity student, did not aim at their targets. They requested to be relieved from the execution detail and were assigned to guard the remaining Jews who were waiting in the village square for their turn. This German Army unit without assistance of any other organization murdered a minimum of 150 Jewish men, women, and children in Krucha that day.
Emulsion polymerization reactor stability: Simplified model analysis

A class of simplified emulsion polymerization models is developed. These models include the distribution of particle sizes and radical numbers, and the coupling of the particle initiation rate to the particle size distribution. An analytical solution to the modeling equations is found from contraction mapping. In addition, necessary and sufficient conditions for local stability are derived. These result in a simple criterion for the onset of oscillations in terms of kinetic rate constants and reactor operating conditions. The results clearly show that radical desorption, chain transfer agents, and certain types of impurities should have a strong influence on reactor stability.
Interaction of Science, Consumer Practices and Policy: Calcium and Bone Health as a Case Study

Data to support a relationship between calcium and bone health are a major part of the body of evidence that underlie calcium-related policy in the United States. Examples of these policies include dietary intake recommendations, health claims for calcium and osteoporosis on food labels and an objective to improve calcium intake of the U.S. population in Healthy People 2010. Median calcium intakes among females fall below recommended levels after childhood even when supplemental calcium intakes are included. This is a concern in light of data that support a positive relationship between calcium and bone health. Most of the studies on the calcium-bone relationship have focused on older women, and several have used fracture as the endpoint; a meta-analysis of their results suggests that increased calcium intake is associated with approximately 30% decrease in fracture risk. Studies in children, adolescents and premenopausal women have focused on the relationship between calcium and bone mineral density rather than fracture; most of these also support a positive relationship between calcium intake and skeletal health although some data gaps remain. Calcium appears to be a threshold nutrient (e.g., intakes above a certain level do not result in further benefit to bone). The effect of increased calcium intake on bone density does not appear to persist unless the higher intakes are sustained. There are certain conditions, such as lactation, during which calcium intake does not appear to influence bone. Other factors that may influence the effect of calcium on bone include bone-specific genotypes and physical activity.
Studying software architecture through design spaces and rules

Abstract: "This report argues that the overall structure of software systems ("software architecture") is usefully studied by constructing design spaces. A design space identifies the key functional and structural choices made in creating a system design, and it classifies the alternatives available for each choice. Rules can be formulated to relate choices within a design space. Sets of such rules are a valuable design aid and offer a promising route to automatic structural design. By codifying design practice, design spaces can also aid software maintenance and training.To support this argument, the report describes a design space and associated rules for user interface software, and it discusses an experiment that validated these design rules by comparing their predictions to real system designs."
Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis

Amyloidosis refers to the extracellular accumulation of amyloid fibrils, derived from a circulating precursor, in various tissue and organs. The most common form of amyloidosis worldwide is that which occurs secondary to chronic inflammatory disease, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. The precursor molecule is serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute phase reactant, which can be used as a surrogate marker of inflammation in many diseases. SAA has a number of immunomodulatory roles, can induce chemotaxis and adhesion molecule expression, has cytokine-like properties and can promote the upregulation of metalloproteinases. It enhances the binding of high density lipoprotein to macrophages and thus helps in the delivery of lipids to sites of injury for use in tissue repair. It is thus thought to be an integral part of the disease process. Moreover, elevated levels of SAA over time predispose to secondary amyloidosis. Pathogenic factors underlying this disease are outlined along with guidelines for diagnosis and management.
SpaceFilling Curve HighImpedance Ground Planes

This chapter contains sections titled: Resonances of Space-Filling Curve Elements High-Impedance Surfaces Made of Space-Filling Curve Inclusions Use of Space-Filling Curve High-Impedance Surfaces in Antenna Applications Space-Filling Curve Elements as Inclusions in DNG Bulk Media Conclusions References
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Stage I Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Although the use of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for stage I small cell lung cancer is in its infancy, there are many reasons to believe that with more time and experience, it could emerge as the standard of care in inoperable patients, and perhaps even have equipoise with surgery for operable patients. Reporting of modeling studies and as much clinical data as possible are very much needed.
Hydraulic System Control of Material Flow Rates with High Speed Resolution Capabilities

Cas d'un transporteur a courroie a entrainement hydraulique. Mesure des caracteristiques de debit de materiau par un dispositif rapide a haute resolution
Active Auxin Uptake by Specific Plasma Membrane Carriers

The directed movement of auxin plays a major regulatory role in the development of plants. The chemiosmotic hypothesis proposes that both cellular accumulation and polar transport of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) are driven by transmembrane pH and electrical gradients [2, 13]. It has been proposed that a carrier(s) may be necessary to sustain reasonable rates of cell-to-cell transport and to provide the saturability, specificity, and polarity that are features of in vivo auxin transport through a variety of tissues [13,14]. These sites have been proposed to include both a saturable, specific IAA/proton uptake symport and a specific, perhaps electrogenic, anion efflux carrier, which can be blocked by specific, noncompetitive transport inhibitors, such as TIBA (2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid). Hertel [4] has recently suggested that the efflux carrier is instead a symport with auxin leaving the cell as IAAH/H+.
Modular Modeling and Optimization of Temporal Manufacturing Processes with Inventories

Smart manufacturing requires streamlining operations and optimizing processes at a global and local level. This paper considers temporal manufacturing processes that involve physical or virtual inventories of products, parts and materials that move through a network of subprocesses. The inventory levels vary with time and are a function of the configuration settings of the machines involved in the process. These environments require analysis, e.g., answering what-if questions, and optimization to determine optimal operating settings for the entire process. To address this problem, the paper proposes modular process components that can represent these manufacturing environments at various levels of granularity for performing what-if analysis and decision optimization queries. These components are extensible and reusable against which optimization and what-if questions can be posed. Additionally, the paper describes the steps to translate these complex components and optimization queries into a formal mathematical programming model, which is then solved by a commercial optimization solver.
Classroom Student Evaluation

Four classroom realities which define the richness and complexity of classrooms and teachers’ lives provide a useful context for considering the nature and dimensions of classroom evaluation. First, classrooms are both social and academic environments. To survive and succeed, teachers need to know their students’ social, personal, linguistic, cultural, and emotional characteristics, as well as their academic ones, since decisions about managing, monitoring, and planning require knowledge of a broad range of student characteristics. Second, the classroom is an ad hoc, informal, person-centered, and continually changing environment that calls for constant teacher decision-making about classroom pace, instruction, learning, and the like (xi18|Doyle, 1986). Third, many of the decisions that confront teachers are immediate, practical ones that focus on particular students and particular contexts. Fourth, teachers are both evaluators and participants in the classroom society, both of which can influence their objectivity in planning, implementing, and applying classroom evaluations (Airasian, 2001).
Panacea's Cloud: Augmented reality for mass casualty disaster incident triage and co-ordination

Communication in a mass casualty disaster scene is limited and difficult for medical personnel in the absence of necessary communication infrastructure and collaboration technologies. It leads to misdirected and delayed triage of scene-wide critically injured patients, especially when there is a large volume of patients needing diverse care levels. Our demonstration of Panacea's Cloud shows a solution that utilizes a Responder Theater Dashboard that incorporates Internet of Things (IoT) within a standardized Incident Command System (ICS) in order to improve communication and co-ordination across multiple concurrent disaster incident scenes. The Internet of Things (IoT) in our Panacea Cloud include heads-up displays, virtual beacons, QR-code cards, and wireless mesh network.
Variational. Principies for Fuil-Potentiai. Muiltiple Scattering Theory

The variational principle of Kohn and Rostokcr (KR) implies that the determinant of a product of matrices vanishes at energy eigenvalues. The standard KKR method uses square matrices appropriate to a truncated spherical harmonic expansion, and sets the determinant of one matrix in this product to zero. For general nonspherical potentials in space-filling local cells, the KR variational principle requires these matrices to be rectangular, since the intermediate sum should extend over a complete set of solid harmonic functions. If extended in this way, the intermediate sum can be replaced by a Wronskian surface integral over the interfaces of adjacent space-filling atomic cells, as formulated in the variational principle of Schlosser and Marcus. E-quivalence of these two different variational principles is established here in the limit of completeness of the intermediate sum. The practical implication is that the standard KKR method is not well founded for the full-potential problem. Improved results for low-order basis function expansions can be obtained by including a Wronskian interface integral in full-potential ACO calculations, as a variational completion of the truncated intermediate K KR sum. A revision of CPA alloy theory is proposed that avoids dependence on this intermediate sum.
Analysis of laboratory test of a scarlet fever epidemic happening in a kindergarten

Objective Identifying pathogen and analyzing homology of a scarlet fever epidemic happening in a kindergarten.Methods Pathogen was isolated and identified according to the national industrial standard WS 282-2008,pyrogenic exotoxin gene was amplified by PCR method,Antimicrobial susceptibility test was detected by Kirby-Bauer method recommended by CLSI,and PFGE analysis was done according to PulseNet Listeria monocytosis PFGE protocol. Results 5 stains of group A streptococcus were isolated from 21 throat swabs,All the isolates were amplified Pyrogenic exotoxin gene speA,speB and speC,All the isolates were susceptible to penicillin,ampicillin,cefradine,levofloxacin,chloramphenicol,vancomycin and resistant to erythromycin,clarithromycin,azithromycin,tetracycline,PFGE analysis exhibited their same source. Conclusion Strengthening the management of the key population and key place is the main measure to prevent scarlet fever,Judging the epidemic and determining the source of infection timely is a necessary means to control scarlet fever epidemic,and laboratory testing in particular pathogen homology analysis will provide a reliable guarantee for epidemic control.
Surgery for Duplex Kidneys with Ectopic Ureters: Ipsilateral Ureteroureterostomy versus Polar Nephrectomy

AbstractConventional surgery for the ectopic ureter stresses polar nephrectomy, while preserving a functioning upper pole by ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy is performed less commonly. During the last 15 years we operated on 35 children for ectopic ureter. High ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy (15 patients) was performed when the upper pole cortex appeared to be smooth and pink, and the anastomosis was surgically feasible. Upper pole nephrectomy and upper ureterectomy (21 patients) were performed when the involved segment appeared grossly to be pale, cystic or otherwise abnormal. One low ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy was performed concomitant with contralateral ureteral reimplantation. Complications after ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy and partial nephrectomy were similar. Histological evidence of dysplasia of the polar nephrectomy specimens was focal in 7 patients (33 per cent), marked in 2 (10 per cent) and not detected in 12 (57 per cent). Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy is an appropriate means to ma...
Do Olmec figurines resemble children with specific dysmorphology syndromes

Certaines figurines sculptees par la civilisation Olmeque montrent des traits dysmorphiques suggerant un syndrome genetique specifique ou une pathologie endocrinienne
Implementation of a Trauma Service Activation and Admission Policy for Very Elderly Trauma Patients: Impact on Hospital Efficiency and Patient Outcomes.

Very elderly trauma patients (VETs) were routinely admitted to nonsurgical services at our institution; therefore, a trauma service activation and admission policy was implemented. Our goal was to determine policy success and impact on efficiency and outcomes. VETs, defined as trauma patients aged >89 years, admitted before and after policy implementation were reviewed. Demographics included age, gender, Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Score, admission diagnosis, mechanism of injury, admission service, and comorbidities. Efficiency included intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS) and hospital length of stay (H-LOS). Outcomes included complications, discharge disposition, and mortality. Statistical analysis included Chi square, Fisher's exact test, and regression analyses, significance denoted by P Language: en
Standing Balance and Spatiotemporal Aspects of Gait Are Impaired Upon Nocturnal Awakening in Healthy Late Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Study Objectives:Nocturnal awakenings may constitute a unique risk for falls among older adults. We describe differences in gait and balance between presleep and midsleep testing, and whether chang...
Drainage of Masseteric Abscess via Sublabial Approach: A Case Series

Masseteric abscesses are usually drained through the external or trans-oral approach. Both choices have their own risks and benefits. We included in our case series 3 patients whom presented with painful facial swelling and were diagnosed as masseteric abscess. We performed the sublabial approach to drain the collection. Post-operatively, they recovered well and there were no recurrences. This technique and outcome of surgery are described. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.492-494
Thermal conductivity measurements of PTFE and Al2O3 ceramic at sub-Kelvin temperatures

Abstract The design of low temperature bolometric detectors for rare event searches necessitates careful selection and characterization of structural materials based on their thermal properties. We measure the thermal conductivities of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Al2O3 ceramic (alumina) in the temperature ranges of 0.17–0.43 K and 0.1–1.3 K, respectively. For the former, we observe a quadratic temperature dependence across the entire measured range. For the latter, we see a cubic dependence on temperature above 0.3 K, with a linear contribution below that temperature. This paper presents our measurement techniques, results, and theoretical discussions.
A decade of pediatric tracheostomies: Indications, outcomes, and long-term prognosis.

SummaryObjective To define the mortality and long-term outcomes of children undergoing tracheostomy. Design Retrospective chart and Texas Department of Health Bureau of Vital Statistics review of patients admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit who underwent a tracheostomy between 2001 and 2011. Mortality and decannulation rates were compared based on tracheostomy indication and age. Subjects A total of 426 patients admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in a large tertiary children's hospital. Results The median patient age was 1.5 years (3 days–24 years). Primary indications for tracheostomy included (a) airway obstruction, (b) congenital neurologic disease, (c) acquired neurologic disease, (d) congenital respiratory disease, and (e) acquired respiratory disease. Overall, 98 patients (23%) died during the study period, and 75th percentile survival time was 5.9 years (95%CI: 3–8). Patients undergoing a tracheostomy for airway obstruction were the least likely to die; while patients with acquired neurologic disease were most likely to die. A total of 163 patients (38%) were decannulated, and 50% were decannulated at 1.2 years (95%CI: 0.9–1.5). Patients with congenital neurologic disease were the least likely to undergo decannulation. Over half of the patients were discharged from the hospital requiring some form of mechanical respiratory support in addition to their tracheostomy. Conclusions In this largest cohort of long-term follow-up to date, we have shown the overall risk of mortality varied according to the indication for the tracheostomy. We were unable to determine exact causes of death. The likelihood of being decannulated also correlates with the underlying indication for the tracheostomy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017; 52:946–953. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microchip-based 3D-Cell Culture Using Polymer Nanofibers Generated by Solution Blow Spinning.

Polymer nano/micro fibers have found many applications including 3D cell culture and the creation of wound dressings. The fibers can be produced by a variety of techniques that include electrospinning, the primary disadvantage of which include the requirement for a high voltage supply (which may cause issues such as polymer denaturation) and lack of portability. More recently, solution blow spinning, where a high velocity sheath gas is used instead of high voltage, has been used to generate polymer fibers. In this work, we used blow spinning to create nano/microfibers for microchip-based 3D cell culture. First, we thoroughly investigated fiber generation from a 3D printed gas sheath device using two polymers that are amenable to cell culture (polycaprolactone, PCL and polystyrene, PS) as well as the parameters that can affect PCL and PS fiber quality. Using the 3D printed sheath device, it was found that the pressure of the sheath N2 and the concentration of polymer solutions determine if fibers can be produced as well as the resulting fiber morphology. In addition, we showed how these fibers can be used for 3D cell culture by directly depositing PCL fibers in Petri dishes and well plates. It is shown the fibers have good compatibility with RAW 264.7 macrophages and the PCL fiber scaffold can be as thick as 178 ± 14 μm. PCL fibers created from solution blow spinning (with the 3D printed sheath device) were then integrated with a microfluidic device for the first time to fabricate a 3D cell culture scaffold with a flow component. After culturing and stimulating macrophages on the fluidic device, it was found that the integrated 3D fibrous scaffold is a better mimic of the extracellular matrix (as opposed to a flat, 2D substrate), with enhanced nitrite accumulation (product of nitric oxide release) from macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. PS fibers were also made and integrated in a microfluidic device for 3D culture of endothelial cells, which stayed viable for at least 72 hours (48 hours under the flowing conditions). This approach will be useful for future studies involving more realistic microchip-based culture models for studying cell-to-cell communication.
Researching Polish and Polish-American Historical Newspapers and Periodicals in International Digital Collections: Opportunities and Challenges

ABSTRACTThis article provides an overview of past and present developments in the digitization of Polish and Polish-American historical newspapers and periodicals. The focus is on the collections held by Polish libraries, including the National Library. The article examines access to and searchability of major digital collections and provides examples of digitized titles. Additionally, the article discusses the importance of including Polish-American newspaper content in the Library of Congress Chronicling America database.
Vascular elasticity from regional displacement estimates.

A recently-developed ultrasonic technique for measuring elastic properties of vascular tissue is evaluated using computer simulations, phantom and in vivo human measurements. A time sequence of displacement images is measured over the cardiac cycle to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of deformation surrounding arteries. This information is combined with a mathematical model to estimate an elastic modulus. Computer simulations of ultrasonic echo data from deformed tissues are analyzed to define a signal processing approach. Measurements in flow phantoms, with and without vessel-simulating channel walls, provide an assessment of the accuracy and precision of this technique for vascular elasticity measurements. Finally, preliminary results for the stiffness index (β) in a study group of healthy human volunteers are compared with previously reported data. We find that careful measurement technique is required to control measurement variability.
Mutations that impair Eyes absent tyrosine phosphatase activity in vitro reduce robustness of retinal determination gene network output in Drosophila

A limited collection of signaling networks and transcriptional effectors directs the full spectrum of cellular behaviors that comprise development. One mechanism to diversify regulatory potential is to combine multiple biochemical activities into the same protein. Exemplifying this principle of modularity, Eyes absent (Eya), originally identified as a transcriptional co-activator within the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), also harbors tyrosine and threonine phosphatase activities. Although mounting evidence argues for the importance of Eya's phosphatase activities to mammalian biology, genetic rescue experiments in Drosophila have shown that the tyrosine phosphatase function is dispensable for normal development. In this study, we repeated these rescue experiments in genetically sensitized backgrounds in which the dose of one or more RDGN factor was reduced. Heterozygosity for sine oculis or dachshund, both core RDGN members, compromised the ability of phosphatase-dead eya, but not of the control wild type eya transgene, to rescue the retinal defects and reduced viability associated with eya loss. We speculate that Eya's tyrosine phosphatase activity, although non-essential, confers robustness to RDGN output.
Tau-PET imaging with [18F]AV-1451 in primary progressive apraxia of speech.

Abstract Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder characterized by combinations of slow speaking rate, abnormal prosody, distorted sound substitutions, and trial-and-error articulatory movements. Apraxia of speech is due to abnormal planning and/or programming of speech production. It is referred to as primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) when it is the only symptom of a neurodegenerative condition. Past reports suggest an association of PPAOS with primary 4-repeat (4R) tau (e.g., progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration), rather than amyloid, pathology. The goal of the current study was to investigate the distribution of tau tracer uptake using [18F]AV-1451 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with PPAOS. Fourteen PPAOS patients underwent [18F]AV-1451 PET (tau-PET) imaging, [C11] Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET and structural MRI and were matched 3:1 by age and sex to 42 cognitively normal controls. Tau-PET uptake was assessed at the region-of-interest (ROI) level and at the voxel-level. The PPAOS group (n = 14) showed increased tau-PET uptake in the precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area and Broca's area compared to controls. To examine whether tau deposition in Broca's area was related to the presence of aphasia, we examined a subgroup of the PPAOS patients who had predominant apraxia of speech, with concomitant aphasia (PPAOSa; n = 7). The PPAOSa patients showed tau-PET uptake in the same regions as the whole group. However, the remaining seven patients who did not have aphasia showed uptake only in superior premotor and precentral cortices, with no uptake observed in Broca's area. This cross-sectional study demonstrates that elevated tau tracer uptake is observed using [18F]AV-1451 in PPAOS. Further, it appears that [18F]AV-1451 is sensitive to the regional distribution of tau deposition in different stages of PPAOS, given the relationship between tau signal in Broca's area and the presence of aphasia.
Programmable RNA Cleavage and Recognition by a Natural CRISPR-Cas9 System from Neisseria meningitidis

The microbial CRISPR systems enable adaptive defense against mobile elements and also provide formidable tools for genome engineering. The Cas9 proteins are type II CRISPR-associated, RNA-guided DNA endonucleases that identify double-stranded DNA targets by sequence complementarity and protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) recognition. Here we report that the type II-C CRISPR-Cas9 from Neisseria meningitidis (Nme) is capable of programmable, RNA-guided, site-specific cleavage and recognition of single-stranded RNA targets and that this ribonuclease activity is independent of the PAM sequence. We define the mechanistic feature and specificity constraint for RNA cleavage by NmeCas9 and also show that nuclease null dNmeCas9 binds to RNA target complementary to CRISPR RNA. Finally, we demonstrate that NmeCas9-catalyzed RNA cleavage can be blocked by three families of type II-C anti-CRISPR proteins. These results fundamentally expand the targeting capacities of CRISPR-Cas9 and highlight the potential utility of NmeCas9 as a single platform to target both RNA and DNA.
Tuberculosis in the Neonate

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common infectious disease in the world, with more than one million new cases and 210,000 deaths in children annually (Murray et al., Lancet 384, 1005–70, 2014). Over two billion people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and rates of TB disease are increasing among women of child-bearing age in developing countries (Hageman, J Perinatol. 18, 389–94, 1998; Margono et al. Obstet Gynecol. 83, 911–4, 1994; Starke, Clin Perinatol. 24, 107–27, 1997). Although TB infection and disease are very common, perinatally acquired infection and disease are rare and incompletely understood (Peker et al. Tuberk Toraks. 58, 93–6, 2010). Perinatally transmitted TB can be acquired vertically during the intrauterine period (congenital TB) or shortly after birth (postnatal) through exposure to someone with contagious pulmonary disease (Starke, Clin Perinatol. 24, 107–27, 1997; Malhame et al. PLoS One 11, e0154825, 2016). Differentiating congenital and postnatally acquired TB is only important from an epidemiological standpoint as their clinical presentations, management, and prognosis are indistinguishable (Singh, J Trop Pediatr. 53, 135–8, 2007). Distinguishing TB infection from disease is important in determining management. If a person has a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) with a normal CXR and is asymptomatic, he/she is considered to have TB infection. A person who has a positive TST or IGRA with an abnormal CXR or symptoms consistent with TB such as fever, cough, or weight loss is considered to have TB disease.
The Tetrad Project

Questions about causality have long concerned philosophers. These questions have included: What is a causal relation? Can it be reduced to some other, more primitive kind of relation? What types of causal relations are there? Does it make sense for a later event to cause an earlier event? Does every event have a cause? Is the world deterministic?
Inhibitors of Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Experimental and Therapeutic Aspects

Evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies including animal experiments suggests that cancer develops from a complex, multistage interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In colorectal cancer, the environmental component of the process, which is diet, contributes more to cancer formation than the inheritance factor in most people (Doll 1980). The diet contains a large number of compounds that affect the carcinogenic process in some manner, and it is their combined effect that determines the degree of cancer risk from dietary factors. Since the identification and elimination of the carcinogens that initiate colon cancer formation appear to be difficult, the current emphasis in research on prevention is focused mainly on ways to alter the carcinogenic process. While a complete interruption of the process is desirable, it is not essential because simply slowing its progression enough so that clinical cancer does not develop during the normal span of life would also prevent cancer morbidity and mortality.
Collaborative Nursing Practice in the Neurosciences Critical Care Unit

Neurocritcial care is best delivered with a collaborative, organized, and efficient model of care Utilizing a combination of nursing roles offers a unique opportunity to provide the most comprehensive care to this specialized population.
Fibromyalgia in migraine: a retrospective cohort study.

Migraine is a common and disabling disorder. Fibromyalgia has been shown to be commonly comorbid in patients with migraine and can intensify disability. The aim of this study was to determine if patients with co-morbid fibromyalgia and migraine report more depressive symptoms, have more headache related disability, or report higher intensity of headache as compared to patients with migraine only. Cases of comorbid fibromyalgia and migraine were identified using a prospectively maintained headache database at Mayo Clinic Rochester. One-hundred and fifty seven cases and 471 controls were identified using this database and the Mayo Clinic electronic medical record. Depressive symptoms as assessed by PHQ-9, intensity of headache, and migraine related disability as assessed by MIDAS were primary measures used to compare migraine patients with comorbid fibromyalgia versus those without. Patients with comorbid fibromyalgia reported significantly higher PHQ-9 scores (OR 1.08, p < .0001) and headache intensity scores (OR 1.149, p = .007). There was no significant difference in migraine related disability (OR 1.002, p = .075). Patients with fibromyalgia were more likely to score in a higher category of depression severity (OR 1.467, p < .0001) and more likely to score in a higher category of migraine related disability (OR 1.23, p = .004). Patients with comorbid fibromyalgia and migraine report more depressive symptoms, higher headache intensity, and are more likely to have severe headache related disability as compared to controls without fibromyalgia. Clinicians who care for patients with migraine may consider screening for comorbid fibromyalgia particularly in patients with moderate to severe depressive symptoms, high headache intensity and/or high headache related disability. This is the first matched study to look at these characterisitcs, and it replicates previous findings from unmatched studies.
Automatically Detecting the Position and Type of Psychiatric Evaluation Report Sections.

Psychiatric evaluation reports represent a rich and still mostly-untapped source of information for developing systems for automatic diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems. These reports contain free-text structured within sections using a convention of headings. We present a model for automatically detecting the position and type of different psychiatric evaluation report sections. We developed this model using a corpus of 150 sample reports that we gathered from the Web, and used sentences as a processing unit while section headings were used as labels of section type. From these labels we generated a unified hierarchy of labels of section types, and then learned n-gram models of the language found in each section. To model conventions for section order, we integrated these n-gram models with a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM) representing the probabilities of observed section orders found in the corpus, and then used this HHMM n-gram model in a decoding framework to infer the most likely section boundaries and section types for documents with their section labels removed. We evaluated our model over two tasks, namely, identifying section boundaries and identifying section types and orders. Our model significantly outperformed baselines for each task with an F1 of 0.88 for identifying section types, and a 0.26 WindowDiff (Wd) and 0.20 and (Pk) scores, respectively, for identifying section boundaries.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in a young adult with activated PI3Kδ syndrome.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) that presents in adulthood is most commonly seen in patients with HIV/AIDS or in organ transplant recipients. We present a case of EV in a young adult who is HIV negative and not a transplant recipient but who does have a newly described immunodeficiency that is responsive to rapamycin. This report reviews the first reported case, to our knowledge, of EV in a patient with activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), proposes a unique treatment strategy, describes the role of whole genome sequencing in cases of acquired EV (AEV), and highlights the growing importance of personalized medicine in dermatology.
Impact of occupant behavior on energy use of HVAC system in offices

The current methods for simulating building energy consumption are often inaccurate, and the error could be as large as 150%. Various types of occupant behavior may explain this inaccuracy. Therefore, it is important to identify an approach to estimate the impact of the behaviors on the energy consumption. The present study used EnergyPlus program to simulate the energy consumption of the HVAC system in an office building by implementing a behavioral artificial neural network (ANN) model. The behavioral ANN model calculates the probability of behavior occurrence according to indoor air temperature, relative humidity, clothing level and metabolic rate. The probability was used to predict energy use in 20 offices for one month in winter, spring and summer in 2018, respectively. Measured energy data from the offices were used to validate the simulated results. When a behavioral artificial neural network (ANN) model was implemented in the energy simulation, the difference between the simulated results and the measured data was less than 13%. Energy simulation using constant thermostat set point without considering occupant behavior was not accurate. Our further simulations found that adjustment of thermostat set point and clothing level by occupants could lead to 25% and 15% energy use variation in interior offices and exterior offices, respectively.
Do voluntary disclosures mitigate the cybersecurity breach contagion effect

In this study, we investigate the negative impact of a cybersecurity breach on a bystander (i.e., non-breached) firm in the same industry, referred to as investment contagion effects, and whether v...
A Compact, Zero-Power and Low-Noise Harmonic-Transponder for Liquid and Moisture Sensing

Harmonic radar has recently gained increasing popularity for its capability in suppressing clutters and cross-talks between the transmitting and receiving antennas. Here, we proposed a compact and passive harmonic-transponder sensor (or harmonic sensor) that can nonlinearly backscatter the second harmonic, with the frequency conversion efficiency being modulated by the soil moisture content. The wireless moisture sensor is composed of a dual-resonance and dual-polarization microstrip antenna integrated with a microfluidic tank, whose liquid level detunes the output second harmonic power. We envision that the proposed noise-immune, passive and low-profile wireless moisture sensor may find broad applications in the industrial internet-of-thing (IoT), environmental research, smart farming, and smart cities.
Making Religion Relevant in the World of Politics: A Personal Reflection

In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus sets forth some very demanding ethical actions. We are commanded to love our enemies, to turn the other cheek when assaulted, to go a second mile when we are required to go one mile, and to give our coat as well as our shirt when asked to do so. Few people demand these requirements of us (or our political leaders) today which is regrettable, given that it is these high ideals to which we should be aspiring. This chapter explores the political imperatives set out in the gospels, and test our past and current leaders against them.
The discriminant validity of honesty-humility: A meta-analysis of the HEXACO, Big Five, and Dark Triad

Abstract We perform a meta-analysis of almost 400 studies to assess honesty-humility’s relationships with the (H)EXACO, Big Five, and Dark Triad dimensions. We meta-analytically support that honesty-humility shares a modest amount of variance with the (H)EXACO and Big Five dimensions, although it is more strongly associated with Big Five agreeableness than HEXACO agreeableness. Honesty-humility does, however, very strongly relate to the Dark Triad, and the unreliability-corrected correlation of honesty-humility with Machiavellianism approaches levels expected in tests of convergent validity. Most relationships significantly differed based on the measure and facet. We urge future authors to investigate the facets shared between honesty-humility and Machiavellianism as well as assess differences of the HEXACO against the Big Five and Dark Triad (B5 + D3) when studied together.
Open access in silico tools to predict the ADMET profiling of drug candidates.

We are in an era of bioinformatics and cheminformatics where we can predict data in the fields of medicine, the environment, engineering and public health. Approaches with open access in silico too...
SWANS: SDN-based Wormhole Analysis using the Neighbor Similarity for a Mobile ad hoc network (MANET)

In managing a large-scale mobile ad hoc network (MANET), real-time root cause analysis of system events is difficult, as it requires vast measurement and processing resources. Software-defined management and control for a MANET promise to enhance their performance, scalability, and flexibility. However, a wormhole attack is one of the most challenging yet detrimental security issues in a software-defined MANET. As most of the existing security countermeasures are designed mainly for wired SDNs using network topologies, a software-defined MANET cannot directly use them.This paper proposes an SDN-based Wormhole Analysis using the Neighbor Similarity (SWANS) approach as a novel wormhole countermeasure in a Software-defined MANET. As SWANS analyses the similarity of neighbor counts at a centralized SDN controller, it apprehends wormholes not only without requiring any particular location information but also without causing significant communication and coordination overhead. SWANS also countermeasures various false-positive and false-negative scenarios generated by the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) vulnerability. We performed extensive studies via both analysis and simulations. Our simulation results show that SWANS can efficiently detect various intelligent wormhole attacks, keeping low false-positive and false-negative rates.
Front-Line Hospice Staff Perceptions of Barriers and Opportunities to Discussing Advance Care Planning With Hospice Patients and Their Families

Abstract Objectives To understand the facilitators and barriers to hospice staff engagement of patients and surrogates in advance care planning (ACP) conversations. Design Qualitative study conducted with purposive sampling and semistructured interviews using ATLAS.ti software to assist with template analysis. Settings and Participants Participants included 51 hospice professionals (31 clinicians, 13 leaders, and 7 quality improvement administrators) from 4 geographically distinct nonprofit US hospices serving more than 2700 people. Measures Interview domains were derived from the implementation science framework of Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B), with additional questions soliciting recommendations for behavior change. Differences in themes were reconciled by consensus. The facilitator, barrier, and recommendation themes were organized within the COM-B framework. Results Capability was facilitated by interdisciplinary teamwork and specified clinical staff roles and inhibited by lack of self-perceived skill in engaging in ACP conversations. Opportunities for ACP occurred during admission to hospice, acute changes, or deterioration in patient condition. Opportunity-related environmental barriers included time constraints such as short patient stay in hospice and workload expectations that prevented clinicians from spending more time with patients and families. Motivation to discuss ACP was facilitated by the employee’s goal of providing personalized, patient-centered care. Implicit assumptions about patients’ and families’ preferences reduced staff’s motivation to engage in ACP. Hospice staff made recommendations to improve ACP discussions, including training and modeling practice sessions, earlier introduction of ACP concepts by clinicians in prehospice settings, and increasing workforce diversity to reflect the patient populations the organizations want to reach and cultural competency. Conclusions and Implications Even hospice staff can be uncomfortable discussing death and dying. Yet staff were able to identify what worked well. Solutions to increase behavior of ACP engagement included staff training and modeling practice sessions, introducing ACP prior to hospice, and increasing workforce diversity to improve cultural competency.