cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sources of Bias in Memory for Emotions

How accurately can people remember how they felt in the past? Although some investigators hold that emotional memories are resistant to change, we review evidence that current emotions, appraisals, and coping efforts, as well as personality traits, are all associated with bias in recalling past emotions. Bias occurs as memories of emotional states are updated in light of subsequent experience and goals. Biased memories in turn influence future plans and emotions, and may contribute to the formation of enduring personality traits. People's memories for emotions provide highly condensed and accessible summaries of the relevance of past experiences to current goals.
Thermodynamics of the goethite-diaspore solid solution

Enthalpies of mixing and lattice parameters were determined for a series of Al-substituted synthetic goethite samples by high-temperature oxide-melt calorimetry and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns, respectively. Lattice parameters of Al-goethite deviate from Vegard's law (ideal mixing). The enthalpies of mixing can be fitted by a regular solution polynomial ΔHmix = WXgoethite(1-Xgoethite), where W = 79 ± 14 kJ/mol. Small positive vibrational excess entropy terms may exist in Al-goethite but, regardless of the excess entropy, the equilibrium solubility of Al in goethite is negligible, and Al-goethite is metastable with respect to goethite and diaspore. The large positive enthalpies of mixing in Al-hematite (Majzlan et al. , 2002) and Al-goethite can be rationalized on the basis of ionic size mismatch between Fe3+ and Al3+. Despite large positive ΔHmix in these two solid solutions, a number of more complex structures with Fe3+/A13+ substitution show ideal mixing, suggesting that more complex structures cope with substitution better, as suggested by the systematics provided by Davies & Navrotsky (1983). Aluminum substituted iron oxides are an example of metastable compounds that can persist for geological time because of small energy difference between the stable and metastable phases.
Early experiences in using a domain-specific language for large-scale graph analysis

Large-scale graph analysis has recently been drawing lots of attention from both industry and academia. Although there are already several frameworks designed for scalable graph analysis, e.g. Giraph [1], all these frameworks adopt non-traditional programming models and APIs. This can significantly lower the productivity of the framework user. This paper discusses the feasibility of using an intuitive Domain-Specific Language (DSL) for graph analysis. Specifically, we use a compiler to translate Green-Marl [5] programs into an equivalent Giraph application, automatically bridging between very different programming models. We observe that the DSL programs are concise and intuitive, and that the compiler generated Giraph implementations exhibit performance on par with that of hand-written ones. However, the DSL compilation cannot but fail if the algorithm is fundamentally not compatible with the target framework. Overall, we believe that the DSL-based approach will provide great productivity benefits once it matures.
Automation in an Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Laboratory Improves Throughput and Data Quality

Array-based comparative genomic hybridization is rapidly becoming a standard assay for research and clinical cytogenetics laboratories. Certain automated workflows are used to achieve economies in running this relatively expensive assay. Here, we describe the ways in which our medium throughput laboratory has investigated automation at various points in our workflow to achieve economies and improve the resulting data for our investigators. We investigate an automated hybridization station to improve microarray hybridization, an autoloading scanner to facilitate the rapid scanning of multiple arrays, and a software package that allows for quick and easy access to many external resources to extend the analysis.
Lightweight and Compromise-Resilient Message Authentication in Sensor Networks

Numerous authentication schemes have been proposed in the past for protecting communication authenticity and integrity in wireless sensor networks. Most of them however have following limitations: high computation or communication overhead, no resilience to a large number of node compromises, delayed authentication, lack of scalability, etc. To address these issues, we propose in this paper a novel message authentication approach which adopts a perturbed polynomial-based technique to simultaneously accomplish the goals of lightweight, resilience to a large number of node compromises, immediate authentication, scalability, and non-repudiation. Extensive analysis and experiments have also been conducted to evaluate the scheme in terms of security properties and system overhead.
Diseases of Resistance

Reduced cellular responsiveness to insulin gradually erodes our health. It is well known that type 2 diabetes results from such insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Recent findings also indicate that insulin resistance in the brain might be a causal factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—and
Developmental- and Eye-Specific Transcriptional Control Elements in an Intronic Region of a Ca2+-Activated K+Channel Gene

Abstract The range of electrical properties that a neuron or muscle cell can manifest is determined by which ion channel genes it expresses and in what amounts. TheDrosophila slowpokeCa2+-activated K+channel gene has four distinct promoters. Here we assess the role that a downstream intronic region, called the C2/C3 region, plays in modulating Promoter C1 and Promoter C2 activity. Promoter C1 and Promoter C2 appear to be responsible for all neuronal and muscle expression, respectively. Transgenic flies were used to determine the expression pattern from each promoter in the presence and absence of the C2/C3 region. Deletion of this region silences Promoter C1 in adult but not larval CNS and causes a substantial reduction in Promoter C2 activity in adult but not larval muscle. The C2/C3 region also activates Promoter C1 in the animal's eye. By placing the C2/C3 region adjacent to a basal HSP70 promoter we have demonstrated that it contains elements that can specifically activate a heterologous promoter in the eye and in adult but not larval muscle. These results demonstrate that the C2/C3 region has a important role in regulatingslowpokedevelopmental expression in the CNS and musculature and in regulating eye expression.
Uptake of L-carnitine, D-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine by isolated guinea-pig enterocytes.

Abstract Uptake and metabolism of l -carnitine, d -carnitine and acetyl- l -carnitine were studied utilizing isolated guinea-pig enterocytes. Uptake of the d - and l -isomers of carnitine was temperature dependent. Uptake of l -[ 14 C]carnitine by jejunal cells was sodium dependent since replacement by lithium, potassium or choline greatly reduced uptake. l - and d -carnitine developed intracellular to extracellular concentration gradients for total carnitine (free plus acetylated) of 2.7 and 1.4, respectively. However, acetylation of l -carnitine accounted almost entirely for the difference between uptake of l - and d -carnitine. About 60% of the intracellular label was acetyl- l -carnitine after 30 min, and the remainder was free l -carnitine. No other products were observed. d -Carnitine was not metabolized. Acetyl- l -carnitine was deacetylated during or immediately after uptake into intestinal cells and a portion of this newly formed intracellular free carnitine was apparently reacetylated. l -Carnitine and d -carnitine transport (after adjustment for metabolism and diffusion) were evaluated over a concentration range of 2–1000 μM. K m values of 6–7 μM and 5 μM, were estimated for l - and d -carnitine, respectively. Ileal-cell uptake was about half that found for jejunal cells, but the labeled intracellular acetylcarnitine-to-carnitine ratios were similar for both cell populations. Carnitine transport by guinea-pig enterocytes demonstrate characteristics of a carrier-mediated process since it was inhibited by d -carnitine and trimethylaminobutyrate, as well as being temperature and concentration dependent. The process appears to be facilitated diffusion rather than active transport since l -carnitine did not develop a significant concentration gradient, and was unaffected by ouabain or actinomycin A.
On the Value of Transmitter Information

Coherent signaling over a fading channel requires the receiver to have knowledge of the current fading state (CSIR). In order to proactively prevent outages, the transmitter requires knowledge of the fading state (CSIT) to perform power control. Typically, the channel state is estimated by using a training signal, and the channel state information contains some error. In this work, we examine the performance of a symmetric, single-input, multiple-output (SIMO) channel in which both the transmitter and the receiver have independent, imperfect estimates of the channel. We give expressions for mutual information and outage probability, and we use those expressions to evaluate the diversity order of the system for a constant target rate. We show that diversity order is dominated by the transmitter error and that the diversity order is equal to that of a system with perfect CSIR
Using Project-Based Assignments in a Graduate-Level Digital Signal Processing Course

We study the use of project-style assignments to facilitate student learning in an introductory graduate-level DSP course. Specifically, we aim to help students understand fundamental DSP concepts, draw connections between theory and practice, and develop motivation to learn the course material. Weekly homework assignments, used in the Fall 2005 semester, were replaced by four larger-scale projects in the Spring 2006 semester; each project jointly presents theoretical and applied aspects of DSP topics. To evaluate the effects of using projects rather than problem sets, we administered six questions from the signals and systems concept inventory (SSCI) at the beginning and end of both semesters. In addition, student surveys were administered at the end of each term. While the quantitative data does not indicate that the projects resulted in improved understanding, the open-ended survey responses give helpful information about the projects' effectiveness and how their structure might be improved
Injury History, Sex, and Performance on the Functional Movement Screen and Y Balance Test

Context: Research is limited regarding the effects of injury or surgery history and sex on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Y Balance Test (YBT). Objective: To determine if injury or surgery history or sex affected results on the FMS and YBT. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Athletic training facilities. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 200 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female (n = 92; age = 20.0 ± 1.4 years, body mass index = 22.8 ± 3.1 kg/m2) and male (n = 108; age = 20.0 ± 1.5 years, body mass index = 27.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2) athletes were screened; 170 completed the FMS, and 190 completed the YBT. Intervention(s): A self-reported questionnaire identified injury or surgery history and sex. The FMS assessed movement during the patterns of deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, impingement-clearing test, straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, press-up clearing test, rotary stability, and posterior-rocking clearing test. The YBT assessed ba...
Health-related quality of life assessment in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease affects over ten million Americans. Most severely affected patients undergo dialysis or transplantation at high economic and human cost. Each year, 70,000 Americans die from causes related to kidney failure. Health-related quality of life has been an important area of investigation. Recent advances include the development of new instruments that better distinguish among treatment modalities and differing patient populations. This article provides a brief state-of-the-art review of health-related quality of life instruments in chronic kidney disease, describes issues affecting patients, factors associated with decreased health-related quality of life and summarizes studies of health-related quality of life in this population. It concludes with our recommendations for further work and a look at what the future might hold.
The Turn to the Brain

Overview One of the most striking features of contemporary cognitive science, as compared with cognitive science in the 1970s for example, is the fundamental role that neuroscience and the study of the brain now plays in cognitive science. This chapter reviews some landmarks in cognitive science's turn to the brain. For both theoretical and practical reasons neuroscience was fairly peripheral to cognitive science until the 1980s. We begin in section 3.1 by looking at the theoretical reasons. The key idea here is the widely held view that cognitive systems are functional systems. Functional systems have to be analyzed in terms of their function. Many cognitive scientists held (and some continue to hold) that this type of functional analysis should be carried out completely independently of the details of the physical machinery that actually performs that function. This conception of cognitive systems goes hand in hand with a top-down approach to thinking about cognition. Marr's study of the visual system is a very clear example of this. For Marr, the key to understanding the early visual system is identifying the algorithms by which the visual system solves the basic information-processing task that it confronts – the task of specifying the distribution and basic characteristics of objects in the immediate environment. As we saw, these algorithms are specifiable in abstract information-processing terms that have nothing to do with the brain. The brain enters the picture only at the implementational level.
IE Applications to Precast Erection Project

Industrial engineering techniques are applied to a precast concrete erection project in an attempt to increase the erection efficiency. Preplanning, work improvement methods, time-lapse photography, and man-machine charting techniques are utilized. Numerous problems were encountered during the project, principally due to weather and fit-up difficulties. However, even with the unforeseen difficulties, erection costs were less than experienced on other projects. An analysis is made of the sources of erection delays and their effects on the erection efficiency.
Integration of Mindfulness Training into a Comprehensive “Pathways Model” Treatment Program: The Case of Jorge

The author introduces the pathways model, a three-level approach for integrating self-directed lifestyle change, the acquisition of self-regulation skills, and the use of community resources into a comprehensive mind-body treatment approach. The pathways model is illustrated with a case study of a 34-year-old executive with public speaking anxiety. Mindfulness strategies are integrated into each phase of treatment for this individual, along with emotional journaling, participation in Toastmasters, and heart rate variability biofeedback.
Pregnancy and Acromegaly

Acromegaly, a rare chronic disorder due to excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion, has an estimated incidence of three to four cases per million population per year (1). In the vast majority of cases, GH hypersecretion is due to a benign pituitary adenoma (1). The protean clinical manifestations of acromegaly (2) result in progressive disfigurement and severe systemic disease with cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and metabolic dysfunction contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Menstrual disturbances are the most frequent presenting complaint in acromegals (2) with an adverse effect on fertility. Advances in medical and surgical treatment of acromegaly have greatly impacted hormonal hypersecretion and cure rates with increasing numbers of women able to become pregnant if they choose.
Mali, France and the war on terror in Africa : is there an imminent threat of terrorism from West Africa?

'Imminent threat' is a term used in international law to justify a preemptive military strike. This concept of imminent threat had been articulated prior to the war against the people of Iraq by the George W Bush Administration when the peoples of the world were bombarded with information that Saddam Hussein possessed Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). Ten years after the destruction of Iraq with millions killed or displaced, we now know that the case for war had been presented with dubious evidence.
Great Question! Question Quality in Community Q&A

Asking the right question in the right way is an art (and a science). In a community question-answering setting, a good question is not just one that is found to be useful by other people: a question is good if it is also presented clearly and shows prior research. Using a community question-answering site that allows voting over the questions, we show that there is a notion of question quality that goes beyond mere popularity. We present techniques using latent topic models to automatically predict the quality of questions based on their content. Our best system achieves a prediction accuracy of 72%, beating out strong baselines by a significant amount. We also examine the effect of question quality on the dynamics of user behavior and the longevity of questions.
Intrinsic factor studies. VI. Competition for vit. B12 binding sites offered by analogues of the vitamin

Summary and Conclusions1) This article reports some observations on the general nature of vit B12 binding by gastric juice and certain other biologic substances. The majority of vit B12 molecules b...
Untangling Safeguard and Production Coordination Effects in Long-Term Buyer-Supplier Relationships

We untangle safeguard and coordination effects of interfirm governance mechanisms in the context of hazardous buyer-supplier relationships. We propose that the extent to which such mechanisms prevail as safeguards or coordination devices varies with the moderating effects of complexity and asset specificity. In nonspecific but complex exchanges, such mechanisms operate more as coordination mechanisms, whereas in specific, noncomplex ones, they are safeguard mechanisms. Through a system of mathematical derivatives, we specify and quantify these conditions to demonstrate when each theoretical perspective is more relevant. We validate our model with survey data from 239 suppliers and explore implications for theory and practice.
Cryptogamic soil crusts: seasonal variation in algal populations in the Tintic Mountains, Juab County, Utah

The soil algae in the Tintic Mountains, Juab County, Utah, was studied over a one-year period in 1982 and 1983. Fluorescence microscopy was used to measure algal density in samples directly from the field. A total of 30 algal taxa was observed, blue-green algae being most abundant both in terms of density and number of species. Algal density showed peaks in late fall and late spring. Minima were present in September 1982 and July 1983. Several weak correlations between algal density and climatic data existed. In general algae correlated positively with precipitation and negatively with temperature. A combination of low precipitation and hot temperatures was likely responsible for the low density observed in July. The Chrysophyta followed slightly different trends than the other algal groups, having minima in early October 1982 and late August 1983. Field observations indicated that the degree of algal crusting varied noticeably over a period of one year, with highest abundance of hummocking in spring. Heavy summer thunderstorms destroyed algal crusting during July and August of 1983, though absolute density of algae increased during this time in response to the extra moisture.
A Survey on MapReduce Optimization Technologies

As a parallel programming model for big data processing,MapReduce is getting more and more attractions from academia and industry for its good scalability,availability and fault tolerance.There exist a lot of optimization technologies focusing on the application limitations of MapReduce.This paper firstly introduces the MapReduce framework,then compares the research work on MapReduce optimization technologies including column storage,index,join,iteration calculation,scientific calculation,and scheduling algorithms respectively.Finally,this paper analyzes the challenges and figures out the trends of this area.
Detection of Listeria monocytogenes using pyrosequencing

Objective:To develop a pyrosequencing assay for detection of Listeria monocytogenes.Methods:Pyrosequencing method was used to detect the conservative fragment of hly gene,and then the Listeria monocytogenes was identified accuratlly by sequence analysis.Results:This assay had high specificity for detecting 94 Listeria monocytogenes but not to the other species.Conclusion:The pyrosequencing technology provides a specific,rapid,and real-time method for detection of Listeria monocytogenes.It is helpful for the rapid and high throughput screening of Listeria monocytogenes.
Condensed-Phase Ethanol Conversion to Higher Alcohols

Higher alcohols (C4+) can be formed from ethanol via condensation pathways collectively known as Guerbet reactions. Most prior Guerbet reaction studies involve vapor-phase reactions, with n-butanol yields typically no higher than 30% of theoretical. We report here condensed-phase Guerbet reactions of ethanol over Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts modified by La2O3. Higher alcohol selectivities in excess of 80% at 230 °C and autogenous pressures are obtained in batch autoclave reactions. At these conditions, which are near the critical temperature of ethanol, the liquid phase is significantly expanded, byproduct gases (CH4 and CO2) are significantly dissolved in the liquid phase, and the vapor phase contains significant quantities of alcohols. To accurately compute ethanol conversion and product yields, both composition and quantity of each phase present at reaction conditions must be determined. To do this, the SR-Polar equation of state is combined with chromatographic analysis of liquid-phase samples taken during re...
Patient and visit characteristics associated with opportunistic preventive services delivery.

BACKGROUND This study's purpose was to identify patient and visit characteristics associated with the use of illness visits as opportunities for the delivery of preventive services and to determine if time is allocated differently during illness visits that make use of these opportunities. METHODS Research nurses directly observed the delivery of preventive services during consecutive patient visits on 2 separate days in the offices of 138 family physicians. Data on patient eligibility for preventive services were collected by medical record review. Time use during patient visits was categorized using the Davis Observation Code (DOC). Patient characteristics, visit characteristics, and time use were compared during illness visits in which at least one service recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force was delivered to eligible patients, compared with illness visits during which no recommended preventive services were delivered. RESULTS Preventive services were delivered during 32% of 3547 illness visits. Adults, overweight patients, those who smoke or drink alcohol, new patients, and patients with fewer visits in the past year were more likely to receive preventive services. Patient request was also associated with increased delivery of preventive services. The presence of another family member, visits for an acute illness, and the prescription of a drug were associated with a decreased likelihood of a patient's receiving preventive services. When preventive services were delivered during illness visits, less time was spent on chatting, procedures, and physical examination, and more time was spent on history-taking. CONCLUSIONS Family physicians take greater advantage of opportunities for the delivery of preventive services during the illness visits of high-risk patients. The results of our study suggest strategies that could be used to expand the opportunistic delivery of preventive services to other patients and types of visits.
Blood Transfusion Practices in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Replacement: A Research Study.

BACKGROUND Many studies show it is not necessary to transfuse according to a single hemoglobin level, but rather it is necessary to assess the combination of signs, symptoms, and laboratory measures. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in patients who underwent total hip or knee replacement. METHODS The study comprised 2 retrospective medical record reviews: Phase 1 included data prior to the RBC transfusion order set and elimination of autologous blood. Phase 2 included postimplementation data. RESULTS There were a decreased number of patients receiving blood transfusions after implementing the RBC transfusion order set and a decreased hemoglobin trigger value. The strongest predictor of receiving a blood transfusion was autologous blood donation. CONCLUSION Use of the order set will decrease unnecessary transfusions hospital-wide.
Crystal chemistry of forsterite; a first-principles study

We present a first-principles study (local density approximation) of the structural properties of forsterite under pressure. This highly anisotropic magnesium orthosilicate is the most abundant phase of the Earth9s upper mantle, and its elastic properties determine the rheology of this region. We perform full structural optimizations and investigate its compressive behavior up to 25 GPa. We obtain a pressure dependence of lattice parameters that agrees well with experiments to 17.2 GPa. We predict that the coordination polyhedra compress essentially isotropically, and we explain the anisotropy of forsterite in terms of the nonuniform distribution of coordination polyhedra having different but nearly uniform compressibilities. In agreement with Brodholt et al. (1996), we do not find theoretical evidence for sudden changes in compression mechanisms in this mineral as had been suggested from experiments. Our results support the hypothesis that such compressive anomalies are caused by solidification of the pressure medium.
Boundary control and controlled boundaries: Organizational expectations for technology use at the work–family interface

Summary Some studies have argued that information and communication technologies such as smartphones can pressure employees to work more from home, while others argue that they help employees manage transitions between work and family role domains. Leveraging boundary theory and the job demands–resources model, the present study examines the conditions under which work–family technology use is associated with greater boundary control. Findings show that technology use is associated with higher boundary control for those who prefer role integration and lower boundary control for those who prefer role segmentation. Findings also show that boundary control is linked to emotional exhaustion and that organizational after-hours electronic communication expectations can compel work–family technology use despite individual preferences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Various Types of Vacuum Packages and Length of Storage on the Microbial Flora of Wholesale and Retail Cuts of Beef

Wholesale cuts of beef (knuckles, ribs, chucks) were vacuum packaged in three types of packages with oxygen transmission rates (cc/100 in.2/24 h) of 0.41–0.75, 1.09, and 2.28. One type of package was sealed with a clip; the others were heat sealed. Wholesale cuts were stored for 0–35 days at 1–3 C and retail cuts from ribs and knuckles were observed under retail conditions for 5 days. Differences in psychrotrophic, mesophilic, and lactobacillus counts of knuckles and ribs resulting from differences in type of package usually were not statistically significant. Differences in psychrotrophic counts of retail steaks of knuckles and ribs resulting from differences in type of package used for the primal cuts were not significant. Psychrotrophic and mesophilic counts of cuts in defective packages (leakers) increased faster than those of cuts in intact packages. The initial microbial flora of knuckles, ribs, and chucks consisted primarily of Moraxella-Acinetobacter spp. and coryneform bacteria. During the first ...
Pharmacokinetic analysis and drug delivery efficiency of the focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening in non-human primates.

Abstract Purpose Focused Ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with systemically administered microbubbles has been shown to open the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) locally, non-invasively and reversibly in rodents and non-human primates (NHP), suggesting the immense potential of this technique. The objective of this study entailed the investigation of the physiologic changes in the brain following the FUS-induced BBB opening and their relationship with the underlying anatomy. Materials and methods Pharmacokinetic analysis was implemented in NHP's that received FUS at various acoustic pressures. Relaxivity mapping enabled the robust quantitative detection of the BBB opening as well as grey and white matter segmentation. Drug delivery efficiency was measured for pre-clinical validation of the technique. Results Based on our results, the opening volume and the amount of the gadolinium delivered were found mostly contained in the grey matter, while FUS-induced permeability and drug concentration varied depending upon the underlying brain inhomogeneity, and increased with the acoustic pressure. Conclusions Overall, apart from the in vivo protocols for BBB analysis developed here, this study also suggests the important role that FUS can have in efficient drug delivery via localized and transient BBB opening.
Random Hadamard Projections for Hyperspectral Unmixing

Dimensionality reduction based on random projections is investigated in the context of spectral unmixing of hyperspectral imagery with aims toward unmixing accuracy and computational efficiency. To this end, both Hadamard-based random projections—which significantly reduce computational costs with respect to more traditional Gaussian-driven projections—as well as a fast singular value decomposition deployed within a random-projection space are considered. Experimental results reveal that the methods based on Hadamard random projections offer abundance-estimation performance superior to other methods in conjunction with significantly reduced computational complexity.
Self-determination theory-based perceptions of community dwelling women with cardiovascular disease and prediction of perceived physical activity limitations

• A key risk reduction strategy for CVD is physical activity (PA) but women with CVD do not maintain PA at recommended levels.
A New Measurement of Adverse Childhood Experiences Drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement

A majority of children in the USA experience adversity in childhood that can negatively impact behavioral and health outcomes in adulthood and adolescence. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) framework is a conceptualization of adversity commonly used in health and social sciences research to measure adversity. ACEs researchers frequently employ cumulative risk measurement models, wherein risk factors are dichotomized and summed, yielding a value suitable for further regression analysis. This study describes the construction of an ACEs measurement utilizing a latent variable approach that allows for differential relationships between the indicators and the ACEs measurement, retention of variance within the indicators, and categorization of ACEs indicators along theoretical lines. The resulting two-factor model demonstrates an excellent fit for the data. Comparative tests indicate a significant increase in misfit when data is modeled as a single construct and when all indicators are constrained to being equally related to the measurement. Results from this study indicate the suitability of a latent factor approach to ACEs measurement to bypass difficulties presented by commonly used cumulative risk approaches to ACEs measurement. Additionally, tests of group invariance indicate the suitability of this two-factor model across gendered groups. This study adds to the emerging body of research using latent factor approaches to ACEs measurement. The ACEs measurement model in this study can be used in further research investigating the effects of ACEs utilizing the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics data set.
Well-Being, Future Generations, and Prevention of Suffering from Climate Change

Well-being and quality-of-life research models generally neglect to explore the forces behind alternative futures and what we can do in the present to improve well-being in the future. This chapter proposes taking future generations or inter-generations into account, especially in terms of anticipating and preventing future suffering. To some extent, such an analysis is equivalent to an exercise in alleviating the suffering of others. Another innovative conceptual approach of this chapter is to assume that human extinction might be an outcome of failure to alleviate suffering and prevent such suffering in the future. While there are several routes to human extinction, this chapter examines one route, that of climate change, to explore how it might shape society in the future. Producing greater poverty and violence are just two of the outcomes of climate change that are described and discussed. While the solution for both the present and the future would seem to lie in international development, I discuss and advocate the alternative of “local partnership,” which is an approach that utilizes community organization to guide its growth. This helps resolve the dilemma of whether to focus efforts to alleviate suffering in the present or to find future sufferers. By working toward alleviating the suffering of victimized groups in the present, we not only relieve their hurt, but point toward the injustice of failure to mitigate climate change in the present and the potentially massive suffering of the future.
Protocolo terapéutico de la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda según el perfil del paciente

Resumen Introduccion La insuficiencia cardiaca aguda es una patologia de gran prevalencia en los servicios de emergencias. El objetivo terapeutico es conseguir la estabilidad hemodinamica, asi como el alivio de los sintomas con el minimo dano de organos vitales. Medidas generales El tratamiento debe iniciarse tan pronto como sea posible. Es importante detectar y corregir posibles factores desencadenantes con tratamiento especifico. Tratamiento dirigido Las recomendaciones incluyen el uso de oxigenoterapia, diureticos y vasodilatadores para aquellos pacientes con predominio de la clinica congestiva que mantengan buenas tensiones arteriales. En aquellos con clinica de bajo gasto cardiaco, se valorara el uso de inotropos y vasoconstrictores.
Systems and principles in memory theory: Another critique of pure memory.

Perception-based knowledge representations store memories of the perceptual structure of events and appear to be processed in neural regions close to where the original perceptions were processed. A comparable duality guides the literature on auditory sensory memory. Many experiments on pure tones show evidence of persistence and masking with a time constraint of about a quarter of a second. The simplest proceduralist attitude towards memory of all kinds would then be that those units active on the original occasion will be changed, thereafter, and will be the “locus” of a memory, whether that activity was top-down or bottom-up. Modern memory theory has more or less embraced proceduralism during the last 20 years. One measure of this has been the wide acceptance of the levels of processing framework for memory, which ties storage to the original operations used in encoding events, and ties storage durability to the “depth” of those operations.
Preventive Models for Reducing Major Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in Childhood

Healthcare and public health are complementary disciplines, yet best practice tools are not always shared and applied between disciplines. The public health approach encourages providers to not only limit their attention to the patient and family but also consider individual and family interpersonal relationships, the organizations and communities to which they belong, and larger societal influences that impact health as well as to participate in advocacy. This chapter provides an overview of key public health principles, approaches, and tools useful and relevant to pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatrists and uses vignettes to demonstrate practical application in enriching wellness of patients, families, organizations, and communities.
Last Millennium Reanalysis with an expanded proxy database and seasonal proxy modeling

Abstract. The Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR) utilizes an ensemble methodology to assimilate paleoclimate data for the production of annually resolved climate field reconstructions of the Common Era. Two key elements are the focus of this work: the set of assimilated proxy records and the forward models that map climate variables to proxy measurements. Results based on an updated proxy database and seasonal regression-based forward models are compared to the LMR prototype, which was based on a smaller set of proxy records and simpler proxy models formulated as univariate linear regressions against annual temperature. Validation against various instrumental-era gridded analyses shows that the new reconstructions of surface air temperature and 500 hPa geopotential height are significantly improved (from 10 % to more than 100 %), while improvements in reconstruction of the Palmer Drought Severity Index are more modest. Additional experiments designed to isolate the sources of improvement reveal the importance of the updated proxy records, including coral records for improving tropical reconstructions, and tree-ring density records for temperature reconstructions, particularly in high northern latitudes. Proxy forward models that account for seasonal responses, and dependence on both temperature and moisture for tree-ring width, also contribute to improvements in reconstructed thermodynamic and hydroclimate variables in midlatitudes. The variability of temperature at multidecadal to centennial scales is also shown to be sensitive to the set of assimilated proxies, especially to the inclusion of primarily moisture-sensitive tree-ring-width records.
Evaluating the frequency of upgrade to malignancy following surgical excision of high-risk breast lesions and ductal carcinoma in situ identified by core needle biopsy.

Excision of high-risk breast lesions (HRL) continues to be standard of care. Previous studies have shown that HRLs can be upgraded to carcinoma in situ (CIS) or invasive carcinoma (IC) upon excision. A single institution retrospective review was conducted to determine the rate of upgrade of HRLs and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) identified on image-guided biopsy upon excision. Eight hundred and fifty-seven patients who underwent core needle biopsy (CNB) following the detection of suspicious lesions (BI-RADS IV) on mammograms were identified. HRLs and DCIS warranting subsequent surgical excision were found in 129 of 857 patients (15.1%). Overall, 19.6% (10/51) of DCIS, 52.4% (11/21) of ADH, and 17.6% (3/17) of papillomas were upgraded on surgical excision. A statistically significant difference was found between the concordant and discordant groups regarding the number of cores obtained (P = 0.01) and the needle size used to retrieve specimens on CNB (P = 0.01). This study reveals an upgrade rate of 26.7% of HRLs and DCIS diagnosed by CNB on surgical excision and emphasizes the continued use of large bore needles with an adequate number of core specimens when investigating a suspicious breast lesion.
Holdings-Based Fund Performance Measures: Estimation and Inference

This paper introduces a panel regression framework for holdings-based investment performance measures. Fixed effects decompose performance into time series and cross-sectional predictive ability. Time-series predictive ability is the traditional focus, but cross-sectional ability strongly influences classical measures. A large component of the cross-sectional ability is “buy-and-hold drift,” where buy-and-hold weights drift towards higher alpha stocks. Controlling for this, we find that the time-series predictive ability of the typical equity mutual fund is insignificant or even negative before costs, and the cross-sectional predictive ability is typically no better than a buy-and-hold strategy.
Separate and unequal: title I and teacher quality

Research has shown that Title I’s “comparability” provision causes gaps in noncategorical per pupil teacher funding. Using a unique dataset that merges 2009-2010 New York City (NYC) Department of Education value-added scores, school finance data, and school demographic data, this study not only confirms that NYC Title I elementary schools received less noncategorical per pupil teacher funding than non-Title I elementary schools, but these schools also had lower quality teachers. This paper provides the first evidence of a negative relationship between noncategorical per pupil teacher funding and the percentage of below average teachers even when controlling for certain school demographics. If Title I elementary public schools in New York City have lower quality teachers, then the students that are served by these schools are not receiving the same quality of education as their peers. Changing the comparability provision in Title I funding would result in more equitable funding.
Lanoxin® (Burroughs Wellcome)

Digitalis glycosides, such as Lanoxin, increase the calcium pool needed for contraction, probably by the inhibition of Na-K-ATPase. Both the force and the velocity of myocardial contraction are increased, and the duration of systole is shortened. The refractory period of the A-V junction is increased thereby slowing the transmission of impulses between atrium and ventricle.
Iterative Graph Alignment via Supermodular Approximation

Graph matching, the problem of aligning a pair of graphs so as to minimize their edge disagreements, has received widespread attention owing to its broad spectrum of applications in data science. As the problem is NP–hard in the worst-case, a variety of approximation algorithms have been proposed for obtaining high quality, suboptimal solutions. In this paper, we approach the task of designing an efficient polynomial-time approximation algorithm for graph matching from a previously unconsidered perspective. Our key result is that graph matching can be formulated as maximizing a monotone, supermodular set function subject to matroid intersection constraints. We leverage this fact to apply a discrete optimization variant of the minorization-maximization algorithm which exploits supermodularity of the objective function to iteratively construct and maximize a sequence of global lower bounds on the objective. At each step, we solve a maximum weight matching problem in a bipartite graph. Differing from prior approaches, the algorithm exploits the combinatorial structure inherent in the problem to generate a sequence of iterates featuring monotonically non-decreasing objective value while always adhering to the combinatorial matching constraints. Experiments on real-world data demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of the algorithm relative to the prevailing state-of-the-art.
Double-blind randomized controlled study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of eszopiclone vs placebo for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and insomnia

Double-blind randomized controlled study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of eszopiclone vs placebo for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and insomnia
Development of the LGBTQ Belongingness Attainment Scale

We describe the development and validation of the LGBTQ Belongingness Attainment Scale (LGBTQ BAS) including item selection and confirmatory factor analysis. The LGBTQ BAS measures a subjective, mu...
Improved Detection of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Africans: The Value of Combining Hemoglobin A1c With Glycated Albumin.

OBJECTIVE In African-born Blacks living in America, we determined by BMI category 1) prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (Abnl-GT) and 2) diagnostic value and reproducibility of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine, and glycated albumin (GA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants (n = 416; male, 66%; BMI 27.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2 [mean ± SD]) had an oral glucose tolerance test with HbA1c, GA, and fructosamine assayed. These glycemic markers were repeated 11 ± 7 days later. Abnl-GT diagnosis required 0 h ≥5.6 mmol/L (≥100 mg/dL) and/or 2 h ≥7.8 mmol/L (≥140 mg/dL). Thresholds for HbA1c, GA, and fructosamine were the values at the 75th percentile for the population (39 mmol/mol [5.7%], 14.2%, and 234 μmol/L, respectively). RESULTS Abnl-GT prevalence in the nonobese was 34% versus 42% in the obese (P = 0.124). Reproducibility was excellent for HbA1c and GA (both κ ≥ 0.8), but moderate for fructosamine (κ = 0.6). Focusing on HbA1c and GA in the nonobese, we found as single tests the sensitivities of HbA1c and GA were 36% versus 37% (P = 0.529). Combining HbA1c and GA, sensitivity increased to 58% because GA identified 37% of Africans with Abnl-GT not detected by HbA1c (P value for both tests vs. HbA1c alone was CONCLUSIONS Adding GA to HbA1c improves detection of Abnl-GT in nonobese Africans.
Optimization of Simulated Coherent Combination System using Fourier Optics Based Genetic Algorithm

We present a method for the optimization of complex laser systems and laser shaping tools using a genetic algorithm utilizing accurate simulation based on Fourier optics.
How Accurate Is the Corona Virus Death Count? Some Disturbing Evidence

COVID-19, also known as the Corona virus, has been labeled a pandemic based on the number of actual and potential deaths. However, there is mounting evidence from both official sources and unofficial reports that the death count is being inflated, at least in the United States. This paper reviews the evidence and discusses some of the implications.
Fabrication and properties of keratoses/sericin blend films

Blend films of keratoses and sericin were prepared using water as a common solvent and glycerol as a plasticizer. An aqueous solution of keratoses extracted from wool via oxidation using peracetic acid was added with different amounts of sericin from silk degumming and blended along with glycerol to obtain films by solution casting method. All the different concentrations of keratoses/silk sericin (KOx/SS) films are observed to be in intact condition. Blend films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, water uptake and tensile behavior. Only the cast films of 100% keratoses show a smooth surface indicating good miscibility between keratoses and plasticizer, while increasing the amount of sericin the film surface becomes rough. Fourier transform infrared analysis pointed out that the polymers have no covalent interaction with each other. The addition of glycerol to 100% sericin films strongly decreases their thermal stability changing their secondary structure as shown by FT-IR and thermal analysis. A similar behavior was not seen in keratoses. Sericin plasticized film with glycerol shows low mechanical properties, but the addition of 10% of keratoses to the blend strongly enhances the tensile strength of cast films, while the addition of small amounts sericin to keratoses slightly increases its water uptake.