cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results of the monitoring of foodborne pathogens in Liujiang county in 2011- 2012

Objective Through monitoring the contamination of foodborne pathogens in commercially available food,to-provide scientific basis for the prevention of foodborne diseases in Liujiang county. Methods According to foodborne pathogens monitoring program,we randomly collected 206 samples of commercially available food from 8 supermarkets for pathogen detection,of which,96 samples were collected in 2011 and 110 samples in 2012. The results were analyzed with statistical methods. Results Seventeen strains had been isolated from 206 samples,including 4 strains of staphylococcus aureus,2 strains of enterobacter sakazakii,11 strains of bacillus cereus,the total detection rate was 8. 25%. The total bacteria count and coliforms were rather high in contaminated cooked meat and raw juice,of which,the proportion of substandard samples was 58. 33% and 83. 33% respectively. Conclusions Contamination of foodborne pathogens exists in food available in supermarket of Liujiang county,of which,food made from rice and wheat,fruit juice are of low quality,therefore,the supervision of food safety should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of foodborne disease.
Analysis of high dose human gamma globulin in combination in medron therapy for children with acute Guillian-Barre syndrome

[Objective] To observe therapy effect of high dose human gamma globulin in combination in medron for children with acute Guillian-Barre syndrome. [Methods] The paralysis results were evaluated after high dose human gamma globulin in combination inmedron therapy for children with acute Guillian-Barre syndrome in recent years. [Results] Clinical grading scale and time of appearing effect of treated groups were superior to those of contrast group. [Conclusion] The findings showed that the less complications and shorter curative time, and cure effect in treated groups were superior to those of contrast groups (P 0.05). So it is one of the best effective methods to treat GBS.
Intra-cellular mechanism of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in regulation of follicular development.

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and plays a crucial role in testicular and ovarian functions. In clinical practice, AMH is used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in women in association with ovulation induction and in various pathophysiological conditions. Despite widespread clinical use of AMH, our mechanistic understanding of AMH actions in regulating follicular development is limited. Using a mouse model, we in this study report that in vivo AMH treatment while stalls follicular development and inhibits ovulation, also prevents follicular atresia. We further show that these AMH actions are mediated through induction of two miRNAs, miR-181a and miR-181b, which regulate various aspects of FSH signaling and follicular growth, ultimately affecting downstream gene expression and folliculogenesis. We also report that in this mouse model AMH pre-treatment prior to superovulation improves oocyte yield. These studies, therefore, offer new mechanistic insight into AMH actions in folliculogenesis and point toward potential utilization of AMH as a therapeutic agent.
Evaluation of treatment response to drugs in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

SUMMARY Relevant factors, both simple and complicated, for the evaluation of the treatment of outlet obstruction secondary to BPH have been discussed in the context of defining the components of an adequate trial of nonsurgical or surgical treatment for this entity. Some systematic assessment of symptomatology and a baseline minimal urodynamic evaluation should be the least common denominator for all patients entered into such studies. Long- and short-term outcomes must be considered.
The Effect of Prostaglandin F2α on Corpus Luteal Function in the Rhesus Monkey

An experimental model was set up to show whether PGF2alpha caused luteolysis when adequate chorionic gonadotropin was administered. Four mature female rhesus monkeys were studied for two cycles each. HCG was given after ovulation until day 36. PGF2alpha was given on days 28 and 29 in one cycle, while the other served as control. In five out of the total eight cycles studied, the luteal function was maintained up to day 36. However, gradual decline of serum progesterone was noted after days 22 to 26 despite the continuous administration of hCG. Administration of PGF2alpha on days 28 and 29 did not accelerate CL regression. It was also noted that hCG in doses of 500 IU did not maintain CL function in three of four cycles when surgical stress was added.
Fast range measurement of spot scanning proton beams using a volumetric liquid scintillator detector

Accurate confirmation and verification of the range of spot scanning proton beams is crucial for correct dose delivery. Current methods to measure proton beam range using ionization chambers are either time-consuming or result in measurements with poor spatial resolution. The large-volume liquid scintillator detector allows real-time measurements of the entire dose profile of a spot scanning proton beam. Thus, liquid scintillator detectors are an ideal tool for measuring the proton beam range for commissioning and quality assurance. However, optical artefacts may decrease the accuracy of measuring the proton beam range within the scintillator tank. The purpose of the current study was to 1) develop a geometric calibration system to accurately calculate physical distances within the liquid scintillator detector, taking into account optical artefacts; and 2) assess the accuracy, consistency, and robustness of proton beam range measurement using the liquid scintillator detector with our geometric calibration system. The range of the proton beam was measured with the calibrated liquid scintillator system and was compared to the nominal range. Measurements were made on three different days to evaluate the setup robustness from day to day, and three sets of measurements were made for each day to evaluate the consistency from delivery to delivery. All proton beam ranges measured using the liquid scintillator system were within half a millimeter of the nominal range. The delivery-to-delivery standard deviation of the range measurement was 0.04 mm, and the day-to-day standard deviation was 0.10 mm. In addition to the accuracy and robustness demonstrated by these results when our geometric calibration system was used, the liquid scintillator system allowed the range of all 94 proton beams to be measured in just two deliveries, making the liquid scintillator detector a perfect tool for range measurement of spot scanning proton beams.
Failure Mechanisms and Neoatherosclerosis Patterns in Very Late Drug-Eluting and Bare-Metal Stent Thrombosis

Background— There are few clinical studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms of very late stent thrombosis (VLST). We report optical coherence tomography findings in patients with VLST and compare the findings between bare-metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES). Methods and Results— We conducted a registry of stent thrombosis at 4 North American centers with optical coherence tomography imaging programs SAFE registry (The Study of Late Stent Failure Evaluated by OCT). Images were acquired in 61 patients (42 DES and 19 BMS) presenting with definite VLST. The median duration from implantation to VLST presentation was 51.4 months in the DES and 69.9 months in the BMS group ( P =0.011). Uncovered and malapposed struts were observed in 70.5% (43/61) and 62.3% (38/61) of patients, respectively, whereas neoatherosclerosis was revealed in 49.2% (30/61). Stent underexpansion was observed in 42.4% of patients. Malapposed struts and stent underexpansion were more frequently demonstrated in DES than in BMS patients, whereas neoatherosclerosis was frequently observed in BMS (40.5% in DES and 68.4% in BMS; P =0.056). The percentage of frames with neoatherosclerosis was lower in DES than in BMS (15.56% [12.24–28.57] versus, 56.41% [40.74–70.00], respectively; P <0.001). Maximum consecutive lipid neointima length was shorter in DES than in BMS (2.4 [1.2–3.6] and 5.3 [3.0–7.0] mm; P =0.011). Conclusions— Optical coherence tomography imaging demonstrated that VLST in DES and BMS had a wide variety of abnormal findings, such as neoatherosclerosis, uncovered strut, and malapposed strut. Neoatherosclerosis and lipid neointima were more frequently observed and had more longitudinal extension in BMS compared with DES.
Improvement of psychiatric symptoms in youth following resolution of sinusitis

Abstract Introduction Accumulating evidence supports a role for inflammation in psychiatric illness, and the onset or exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms may follow non-CNS infections. Here, we provide the first detailed description of obsessive-compulsive and related psychiatric symptoms arising concurrently with sinusitis. Methods We reviewed the charts of 150 consecutive patients evaluated in our Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndromes clinic for documented sinusitis as defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Sinusitis treatments, sinonasal imaging, and neuropsychiatric symptoms before, during, and after sinusitis onset were noted. Patients were included in the final review if they had a clear diagnosis of isolated sinusitis (without concurrent illness and/or immunodeficiency), and were evaluated during an episode of sinusitis. Results 10/150 (6.6%) patients had isolated sinusitis at the time of their neuropsychiatric deterioration. Eight patients received antibiotics to treat sinusitis, three of whom also received sinus surgery. Neuropsychiatric symptoms improved in all eight patients concurrent with resolution of sinusitis per parent report and clinician assessment. One patient did not follow through with recommended sinus surgery or antibiotics and her psychiatric symptoms persisted. One patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusions Improvement of psychiatric symptoms correlated with resolution of sinus disease in this retrospective study. Identification, treatment, and resolution of underlying infections, including sinusitis, may have the potential to change the trajectory of some neuropsychiatric illnesses. Randomized clinical trials are needed.
"Scout No Scan" Technique Reduces Patient Radiation Exposure During CT-Guided Spine Biopsy.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to report our experience with a technique for CT-guided spine biopsies that we refer to as the “scout no scan” technique. CONCLUSION. The scout no scan t...
Reducing the Number of Anesthetic Exposures in the Early Years of Life: Circumcision and Myringotomy as an Example.

Evidence suggests multiple anesthetics in early childhood may increase risk for neurodevelopmental injury. We evaluated proportions of children undergoing circumcision and myringotomy, concomitantly with or prior to circumcision, and compared costs between groups. The Pediatric Health Information System was queried for males aged 6 to 36 months who underwent circumcision in 2009-2014. Relative to circumcision, the proportion who underwent myringotomy previously, concomitantly, or both, was calculated. Of 29 789 patients who underwent circumcision, 822 also underwent myringotomy; 342 (41.6%) underwent myringotomy on a previous day, and 480 (58.4%) underwent myringotomy at time of circumcision. Total hospital costs were lower for concomitant procedures (median $2994 vs $4609, P < .001. In total, 58.4% of patients who underwent circumcision and myringotomy did so concomitantly. Combined procedures resulted in significantly reduced costs and potentially minimized neurocognitive risk. Ideally, both referring pediatricians and surgical specialists should inquire about other surgical needs to optimize the availability of concomitant procedures.
Factor Analysis and Principal-Components Analysis

Factor analysis (FA) and principal-components analysis (PCA) are two important multivariate statistical analysis methods. The two methods are often used together for data reduction by structuring many variables into a much smaller number of components or factors. The techniques are particularly useful for eliminating variable collinearity and uncovering latent variables. However, FA and PCA are both conceptually and mathematically very different. PCA uses the same number of variables (components) to simply transform the original data, whereas FA uses fewer variables (factors) to reveal the interrelations between the original variables. This article discusses the mathematical foundations of the two methods with emphasis on their commonalities and differences. A case study is used to illustrate the implementations and interpretations of the methods. Finally, the application in social area analysis is discussed to demonstrate how PCA and FA methods are used in a geographical setting to advance the understanding of urban structure.
Thiol–ene synthesis and characterization of lithium bis(malonato)borate single-ion conducting gel polymer electrolytes

The development of high capacity anodes and high voltage cathodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries motivates the search for new polymer electrolytes that exhibit superior electrochemical stabilities and high ionic conductivities. We report a convenient, three-step synthesis of lithium bis(non-8-enyl-malonato)borate (LiBNMB) as a α,ω-diene monomer, which undergoes thermally initiated thiol–ene crosslinking polymerizations in propylene carbonate to yield gel polymer electrolytes with high lithium ion concentrations (∼0.9 M). By conducting these crosslinking polymerizations using mixtures of di- and tri-thiols and LiBNMB with [thiol] : [ene] = 1 : 1, we synthesized a series of gel networks with dynamic elastic moduli ranging from G′ = 40–79 kPa that increase monotonically with trifunctional crosslinker content. While ionic conductivities for these polymer gels measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at 22 °C are σ = 0.82–2.5 × 10−6 S cm−1, we show that the conductivity of propylene carbonate-solvated lithium ions though the bulk of these gel electrolytes is 8.5 × 10−5 S cm−1 independent of crosslinker density. However, the conductivities of the gel interfaces depend sensitively on crosslinker content, suggesting the importance of segmental rearrangement dynamics at the electrode interface in limiting the rate of ion motion. Thus, the design of highly conductive polymer electrolytes for advanced batteries demands careful design of both the internal and interfacial properties of these new materials.
Quantification of sawgrass marsh aboveground biomass in the coastal Everglades using object-based ensemble analysis and Landsat data

Abstract Large-scale biomass quantification of sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) marsh is critical to understand the carbon and energy cycle in the Florida Everglades. There is also a need to monitor biomass changes in the coastal Everglades due to continuing sea level rise. Previous research in biomass estimation of coastal marshes has focused on pixel-based parametric modeling methods. In this study, an object-based ensemble analysis approach was developed to map sawgrass biomass at multiple scales using Landsat data. Four machine learning regression algorithms including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were evaluated and compared to the commonly used Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method for both live and total sawgrass biomass estimation. A weighted combining scheme was developed to integrate predictions from comparable models for ensemble analysis. Nonparametric machine learning models had better performance than the parametric approach. ANN and SVM produced similar results in live biomass estimation with the correlation coefficient (r) larger than 0.9, while ANN achieved the best result for the total biomass estimation (r = 0.94). Sawgrass biomass maps were produced for two harvest seasons in 2014 and 2016 at three detail levels, which successfully revealed the spatial and temporal (seasonal and interannual) sawgrass biomass variations. Ensemble analysis of the ANN and SVM predictions of live sawgrass biomass not only made the estimation more reliable, but also generated an uncertainty map to identify the regions with a robust biomass prediction, as well as challenging areas for biomass quantification. It is concluded that the object-based ensemble analysis is a promising alternative to the commonly used pixel-based biomass modeling techniques.
A prospective gating method to acquire a diverse set of free-breathing CT images for model-based 4DCT.

Breathing motion modeling requires observation of tissues at sufficiently distinct respiratory states for proper 4D characterization. This work proposes a method to improve sampling of the breathing cycle with limited imaging dose. We designed and tested a prospective free-breathing acquisition protocol with a simulation using datasets from five patients imaged with a model-based 4DCT technique. Each dataset contained 25 free-breathing fast helical CT scans with simultaneous breathing surrogate measurements. Tissue displacements were measured using deformable image registration. A correspondence model related tissue displacement to the surrogate. Model residual was computed by comparing predicted displacements to image registration results. To determine a stopping criteria for the prospective protocol, i.e. when the breathing cycle had been sufficiently sampled, subsets of N scans where 5 ≤ N ≤ 9 were used to fit reduced models for each patient. A previously published metric was employed to describe the phase coverage, or 'spread', of the respiratory trajectories of each subset. Minimum phase coverage necessary to achieve mean model residual within 0.5 mm of the full 25-scan model was determined and used as the stopping criteria. Using the patient breathing traces, a prospective acquisition protocol was simulated. In all patients, phase coverage greater than the threshold necessary for model accuracy within 0.5 mm of the 25 scan model was achieved in six or fewer scans. The prospectively selected respiratory trajectories ranked in the (97.5 ± 4.2)th percentile among subsets of the originally sampled scans on average. Simulation results suggest that the proposed prospective method provides an effective means to sample the breathing cycle with limited free-breathing scans. One application of the method is to reduce the imaging dose of a previously published model-based 4DCT protocol to 25% of its original value while achieving mean model residual within 0.5 mm.
Valvular Disease and Heart Failure: Mitral Regurgitation

A 75-year-old female with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and chronic left ventricular systolic dysfunction for over 5 years presented with increasing exertional dyspnea. Three months ago, she suffered syncope with ICD interrogation with ventricular fibrillation, and successful delivery of shock therapy. At that time, she underwent coronary angiography that demonstrated no obstructive coronary artery disease. An echocardiogram demonstrated LV ejection fraction 15% and a dilated left ventricle (end-diastolic dimension by M-mode echocardiography 81 mm) with decreased right ventricular function and severe mitral regurgitation (MR). There is no evidence of mitral valve prolapse, prior endocarditis, or other valve leaflet pathology. Of note, the MR has been present for the past 2 years, with a slow, progressive dilatation of the LV, though she has remained relatively asymptomatic (class I–II) with most daily activities. She is on carvedilol 12.5 mg twice a day, lisinopril 5 mg daily, and furosemide 20 mg twice a day.
Outlier management. Influencing the highest resource-consuming areas in acute and critical care.

The cost of technology needs to be balanced against the potential benefit to be achieved in the management of acute and critically ill patients. Although technology can be expensive, it is important that clinicians realize that controlling costs is not the primary focus of a clinicians’ evaluation of technologies and their uses. A substantial portion of hospital resources is spent on a few patients (called outliers) who consume disproportionally high technological (and other) resources. Improving the management of outliers helps bring the benefit of technology into a better perspective.
Temperature Structure of the Red Sea Brines

Temperature measurements obtained by a temperature telemetering pinger show a stratification in the hot brines of the Red Sea.
Augmented Interventions: Re-defining Urban Interventions with AR and Open Data

This chapter proposes that augmented reality art and open data offer the potential for a redefinition of urban interventionist art practices. Data has emerged as a significant force in contemporary networked culture from the commercial commodification of online presence as practised by internet giants Facebook and Google to the 2013 revelations of the unprecedented scale of the US Government’s data collection regime carried out by the NSA (Gellman and Piotras, U.S., British intelligence mining data from nine U.S. Internet companies in broad secret program, http://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data--us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html, 2013). Big data and its effective deployment are seen as essential to the efficient running of any enterprise, from city governance to commercial enterprise and, of course, government intelligence services. In parallel to developments in big data, open data sources have proliferated opening access to myriad data sources previously only available to government and corporations. We have seen advances in techniques of data scraping and manipulation which have democratised the ability to parse, analyse and effectively manipulate data, and developments which have powerful implications for artists and activists. This chapter examines the possibilities for redefining the activist art practice of urban intervention with data and augmented reality to introduce new hybrid techniques for critical spatial practice (Rendell, Critical spatial practice. http://www.janerendell.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/critical-spatial-practice.pdf. Accessed 18 September 2017, 2008). The combination of AR and Open Data (in the broadest post-wikileaks sense) is seen to provide a powerful tool-set for the artist/activist to augment specific sites with a critical, context-specific data layer. Such situated interventions offer powerful new methods for the political activation of sites which enhance and strengthen traditional nonvirtual approaches and should be thought of as complementary to, rather than replacing, physical intervention. I offer as a case study this author’s NAMAland project, a mobile artwork which used open data and augmented reality to visualise and critique aspects of the Irish financial collapse.
Invasion of Vascular Endothelial Cell Monolayers and Underlying Matrix by Metastatic Human Cancer Cells

The survival of blood-borne malignant cells depends on their abilities to successfully implant or attach to vascular endothelial cells, invade or extravasate the endothelium and underlying matrix or basement membrane and establish a microenvironment for sub-sequent vascularization and growth (Fidler et al. 1978; Fidler and Nicolson 1980). Once malignant cells have attached to vascular endothelial cells they can escape the circulatory environment by one or more possible mechanisms: breakage of endothelial cell intercellular junctional complexes (Sindelar et al. 1975; Carr et al. 1976), enzymatic or cytotoxic destruction of endothelial cells (Fonck-Cussac et al. 1969; Vlaeminck et al. 1972), penetration of endothelial cell cytoplasm by tumor cell pseudopodia (Locker et al. 1970), or endothelial cell rupture at the site of arrest due to expansive tumor growth (Carr et al. 1976).
Fission Density, Burnup, and Temperature Effects on Fission-Gas Release From UO2

Two cylindrical specimens of UO2 were irradiated in the Oak Ridge Research Reactor at temperatures up to 1700°C. Both specimens were of natural enrichment uranium (0.7% 235U) but one specimen was a...
The Necessity of Radical Choice

Speaking of the (rational) communication community as an institution, Apel remarks: More accurately, [this] institution could be characterized as the meta-institution of all possible human institutions, since it involves the conditions of the possibility of transparent and rational conventions (“agreements”). Man can withdraw from this institution only at the price of losing the possibility of identifying himself as a meaningfully acting being — for instance, in suicide from existential despair or in the pathological process of paranoid-autistic loss of self.1
Joven, Extranjera, y Deprimida en América: Ruminations of an Immigrant to Prozac Nation

In the spirit of disciplinary disobedience, this autoethnography aims to challenge sociological analyses on the subjective experience of mental health and most plots found in psychiatric memoirs wr...
Analysis of the Statements of Cash Flows

The primary purpose of a statement of cash flows is to provide relevant information about the cash receipts and cash payments of an enterprise during a period. The information provided in a statement of cash flows, if used with related disclosures and information in the other financial statements, should help investors, creditors, and others to (a) assess the enterprise’s ability to generate positive future net cash flows; (b) assess the enterprise’s ability to meet its obligations, its ability to pay dividends, and its needs for external financing; (c) assess the reasons for differences between net income and associated cash receipts and payments; and (d) assess the effects on an enterprise’s financial position of both its cash and noncash investing and financing transactions during the period.
Navigating Factional Hybrid Identities: Implications for Organizational Identification and Loyalty

Literature on factional faultlines, organizational identity, organizational identification, identity threat and identity enhancement are utilized to explain the impact of hybrid organizational iden...
Onset Trajectories of Sexting and Other Sexual Behaviors Across High School: A Longitudinal Growth Mixture Modeling Approach

Sexting is receiving substantial scholarly attention and is now considered commonplace in adolescence. Little is known, however, about the normative contexts and the development of adolescent sexting behavior, including the initiation of sexting in relation to other sexual behaviors. In this study, we used growth mixture modeling to identify classes of onset trajectories for sexual behaviors across high school. Participants included 429 high school students (54% female) who completed annual assessments of sexual behavior over a three-year period. We identified four distinct classes: postponement (9%) with no behaviors other than hand-holding and kissing initiated by Grade 11, gradual onset (44%) with sexting and other sexual behaviors emerging incrementally across high school, continuous onset (32%) with sexting and other sexual behaviors within the first three years of high school, early onset (15%) with initiation of sexting and all other sexual behaviors prior to or by the end of Grade 9. Boys were more likely than girls to be members of the postponement versus gradual onset class, while Black students were more likely than White students to be members of the early versus gradual onset class. Sexting behavior appears to be common in adolescence and co-emerges with genital contact behavior across varying trajectories of sexual development. These findings provide the foundation for contextualizing sexting within normative sexual development. Further, this information can inform efforts to promote sexual health.
Abstract 15619: Personalized Assessment of Stroke Risk in AF Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Closure Using Blood-flow Analysis

Introduction: Left atrial appendage (LAA) is the primary source of clot formation that can cause stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). LAA closure dev...
When Extinction Is Warranted: Invasive Species, Suppression-Drives and the Worst-Case Scenario

Most current techniques to deal with invasive species are ineffective or have highly damaging side effects. To this end suppression-drives based on clustered regularly inter-spaced short palindromi...
Detecting Cyber-Adversarial Videos in Traditional Social media

Cyber-threat intelligence (CTI) has matured and grown into its own industry within recent years. Many CTI efforts involve scrutinizing text-based conversations in DarkNet forums and markets. However, hackers commonly share knowledge and other information through video formats that have been largely ignored. Further, cybercriminals are increasingly making use of mainstream social media to transmit hacking knowledge and assets, but this has gone unexplored in literature. In this research-in-progress, a video classifier to detect cybercriminal content in mainstream social media is designed and implemented. A collection of hacking and non-hacking videos was retrieved from a popular social media website to serve as a testbed. Feature sets included video metadata as well as features engineered from the videos themselves, including object detection and aesthetic qualities. This study demonstrates a methodological proof-of-concept that can enable future research that further investigates cyber-adversarial video contents, which have remained largely unexplored to this day. This study also contributes to literature regarding cyber-adversarial contents in mainstream social media.
A conditional approach for the receiver operating characteristic curve construction to evaluate diagnostic test performance in a family-matched case-control design.

Receiver operating characteristic curves are widely used in medical research to illustrate biomarker performance in binary classification, particularly with respect to disease or health status. Stu...
Thyroid Cancer and Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced endocrinologists to utilize telemedicine to care for their patients. There is limited information on the experience of endocrinologists in managing patients with thyroid cancer virtually. We sent a 9-item questionnaire to endocrinologists and endocrine surgeons at our institution to better understand the barriers and benefits of caring for patients with thyroid cancer via telemedicine, as well as how we can incorporate telemedicine into our future care of patients with this malignancy. Among the 9 physicians who responded, the majority listed technological issues with the virtual platform as a challenge in caring for patients with thyroid cancer remotely. Additional barriers included difficulty in expressing empathy, decreased ability to coordinate care with the interdisciplinary team, and lack of the physical examination. Benefits included compliance with social distancing measures and convenience for patients with American Thyroid Association (ATA) low-risk thyroid cancer who presented for follow-up visits. Overall, physicians were satisfied or strongly satisfied with caring for patients with thyroid cancer remotely, especially low-risk patients on long-term follow-up. That said, they recommend that some patients be seen in person after the pandemic, including symptomatic patients and ATA high-risk patients. While the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed endocrinologists to manage patients with thyroid cancer remotely, the providers have faced challenges, some of which can be improved upon. Further studies will help determine how telemedicine affects patient outcomes, including satisfaction, disease progression, and survival, which will inform how we may incorporate this practice into our future care of patients with thyroid cancer.
Child Development with the D-Score - Preface

The foundations of adult health and wellbeing have their origins early in life, often measured by children’s early growth and development. A valid and easily interpretable metric is needed to interpret the underlying latent construct of early childhood development that can represent change and is comparable across cultures and contexts.
Deep saliency models learn low-, mid-, and high-level features to predict scene attention

Deep saliency models represent the current state-of-the-art for predicting where humans look in real-world scenes. However, for deep saliency models to inform cognitive theories of attention, we need to know how deep saliency models prioritize different scene features to predict where people look. Here we open the black box of three prominent deep saliency models (MSI-Net, DeepGaze II, and SAM-ResNet) using an approach that models the association between attention, deep saliency model output, and low-, mid-, and high-level scene features. Specifically, we measured the association between each deep saliency model and low-level image saliency, mid-level contour symmetry and junctions, and high-level meaning by applying a mixed effects modeling approach to a large eye movement dataset. We found that all three deep saliency models were most strongly associated with high-level and low-level features, but exhibited qualitatively different feature weightings and interaction patterns. These findings suggest that prominent deep saliency models are primarily learning image features associated with high-level scene meaning and low-level image saliency and highlight the importance of moving beyond simply benchmarking performance.
Poincaré and his polarization sphere

In a text (1892) on light, Jules Henri Poincare introduced a geometrical device for tracking the polarization of state of light interacting with matter. Poincare first mapped all polarization ellipses onto the surface of sphere and changes of state were represented as rotations from one point to another about prescribed axes depending on linear optical properties of the medium. Here, we consider how Poincare, the mathematician, invented his sphere. Poincare's professional activities in the service of geodesy appear at first glance to provide a borrowed geometry for his one-to-one mapping of polarization ellipses to global lines of latitude and longitude. However, this association falls apart in the face of a close reading of Poincare's biography and his influences, especially the research interests of his teachers from the Ecole Polytechnique and the Ecoles de Mines. The work of Tissot and Mallard on distortion ellipses in cartography and the etiology of optical activity in crystals, respectively, together with Poincare's own study of the qualitative theory of differential equations, provide the iconography of, and motivation for, the sphere. Whether Poincare's mentors were unwitting partners in the invention of the sphere-it is impossible to be sure-Poincare's otherworldly geometric sensibilities carried him through isometries (rotations) on hyperbolic planes and beyond. The apparent ingenuity behind Poincare's sphere is diminished in comparison to his fulsome achievements. Moreover, Poincare's considerations of the psychology of invention further emphasize that sometimes great ideas arrive to those fortunate to receive them by mechanisms that resist interpretation.
A comparison of hydrogen release kinetics from 5- and 6-membered 1,2-BN-cycloalkanes

The reaction order and Arrhenius activation parameters for spontaneous hydrogen release from cyclic amine boranes, i.e., BN-cycloalkanes, were determined for 1,2-BN-cyclohexane (1) and 3-methyl-1,2-BN-cyclopentane (2) in tetraglyme. Computational analysis identified a mechanism involving catalytic substrate activation by a ring-opened form of 1 or 2 as being consistent with experimental observations.
Areal density process advantages for CPP sensors

Summary form only given. This paper deals with a discussion of the process advantages of CPP geometry sensors for narrow trackwidth and narrow gap applications in thin film head read transducers. Simply stated, the CPP sensor geometry removes the CIP sensor processing requirement for thin insulating gaps and allows for precise confinement of current flow and hence magnetic trackwidth control.
A compact circularly polarized wearable filtering antenna for off-body communications

This paper presents a compact circularly polarized (CP) wearable filtering antenna operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band for off-body communications. The design is enabled by a mutual synthesis of a probe-fed CP patch antenna connected to a bandpass filter composed of coupled stripline open-loop resonators, which provides an integrated radiating and filtering module with a compact form factor. The integrated CP filtering antenna was fabricated and characterized, showing a strong correspondence between simulated and measured results. The resulting antenna achieves an S 11 < −14 dB, an axial ratio of less than 3 dB and gain higher than 3.5 dBi in the targeted ISM band. With the integrated filtering functionality, the antenna exhibits good out-of-band rejection over an ultra-wide frequency range from 1 to 6 GHz. Further full-wave simulations and experiments were carried out, verifying that the proposed filtering antenna maintains these desirable properties even when mounted in close proximity to the human body, thus making it a promising candidate for incorporation into various wearable systems.
68 Simulating mRNA-tRNA translocation through the ribosome

The ribosome is a massive molecular complex that undergoes large-scale rotary motions during the translocation step of protein synthesis. During translocation, tRNA molecules move (along with the mRNA) by one binding site (∼20-50A displacement), in order to allow the next mRNA codon to be decoded. To illuminate the physical relationship between the movement of the tRNAs and the rotations in the ribosome, we applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with an all-atom structure-based model. By using a model that contains a simplified description of the potential energy, while explicitly representing all heavy atoms (∼150,000), we specifically probe the roles of steric interactions and molecular flexibility during this process. For the ribosome, we constructed a forcefield for which each “classical” ribosome configuration is a potential energy minimum. With this model, we simulated over 1000 spontaneous, unguided translocation events. Statistical analysis of the simulated trajectories shows that our model accurately captures known aspects of translocation, including the population of a so-called chimeric ap/P-pe/E intermediate ensemble. In addition, we find that the ribosome subsequently adopts a previously unreported conformation, which is characterized by a distinct tilt of the head of the small subunit. By introducing perturbations to the model, we have identified the specific steric interactions that lead to the observed head tilting motion. Our results provide a conceptual energy landscape framework for understanding translocation dynamics, and suggest strategies to obtain quantitative control of ribosome function.
3-D hydrodynamical simulations of extragalactic jets

We summarize the results of 3-D numerical hydrodynamical simulations studying the origin of morphological asymmetries in radio jets. Four cases are studied which relate to the interpretation of narrow-angle tailed radio sources, wide-angle tailed radio sources, and asymmetric radio hot spots in classical doubles. Our simulations are performed at high numerical resolution using the most accurate numerical algorithms available. They reveal a number of new and interesting features in 3-D jet hydrodynamics which lend further support to the fluid beam hypothesis.
Abstract W P319: Isolated National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Subscore Worsening is Predictive of Poor Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background and Objective: Neurological deterioration is common and contributes to poor outcome after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of this study is to determine if National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) subscore changes, in the absence of an increase in total NIHSS score, are associated with poor outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on patients with AIS who presented to our center (07/08-12/10). Two-point ND was defined as ≥2-point worsening on the total NIHSS within 24 hours of admission. NIHSS subscore neurologic deterioration (sND) was defined as a ≥1-point worsening on one or more individual NIHSS item, in the absence of 2-point ND, within 24 hours of admission. Poor functional outcome at the time of discharge (discharge mRS >2) was the primary outcome measure and was compared among patients who experienced sND, those who experienced 2-point ND, and patients with no worsening. Individual NIHSS worsening of particular items on the scale were analyzed. Results: A total of 522 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients with sND were at increased odds of poor functional outcome (discharge mRS >2, OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.33-3.25, p=0.001) even after adjusting for age, baseline NIHSS score, and glucose on presentation (Table 1). The association of sND with unfavorable discharge disposition was not maintained after covariate adjustment (OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.82-2.55, p=0.200). The odds of poor functional outcome and unfavorable discharge disposition were highest for isolated deterioration of level of consciousness (LOC) 1a followed by a worsening for motor in any limb (Table 2). Conclusion: In our population of patients with AIS, an isolated sND in the absence of 2-point ND was shown to be predictive of poor outcome. This suggests that sND, specifically for LOC 1a and motor limbs, should be included in the scope of the ND definition.
Mechanisms of Amphetamine Action Revealed in Mice Lacking the Dopamine Transporter

Amphetamine (AMPH) inhibits uptake and causes release of dopamine (DA) from presynaptic terminals. AMPH can act on both vesicular storage of DA and directly on the dopamine transporter (DAT). To assess the relative importance of these two processes, we have examined the releasing actions of AMPH in mice with a genetic deletion of the DAT. The sequence of actions of AMPH has been determined by following the real time changes of DA in the extracellular fluid of intact tissue with fast scan cyclic voltammetry. In striatal slices from wild-type mice, AMPH causes a gradual (approximately 30 min) increase in extracellular DA, with a concomitant disappearance of the pool of DA available for depolarization-evoked release. Conversely, in slices from mice lacking the DAT, although a similar disappearance of electrically stimulated DA release occurs, extracellular DA does not increase. Similarly, microdialysis measurements of DA after AMPH in freely moving animals show no change in mice lacking the DAT, whereas it increases 10-fold in wild-type mice. In contrast, redistribution of DA from vesicles to the cytoplasm by the use of a reserpine-like compound, Ro4-1284, does not increase extracellular DA in slices from wild-type animals; however, subsequent addition of AMPH induces rapid (<5 min) release of DA. Thus, the DAT is required for the releasing action, but not the vesicle-depleting action, of AMPH on DA neurons, and the latter represents the rate-limiting step in the effects of AMPH. Furthermore, these findings suggest that in the absence of pharmacological manipulation, such as the use of amphetamine, endogenous cytoplasmic DA normally does not reach sufficient concentrations to reverse the DAT.
Rate versus depth of breathing independent of alveolar oxygen in decerebrate cats.

Abstract Variable amounts of CO2 were administered at controlled levels of paO2in unanesthetized decerebrate cats. A linear relationship between respiratory frequency and tidal volume was found under steady-state conditions at the P a O2 levels of 35 to 40, ca 110 and > 500 mm Hg. Group mean linear regression analysis was used to determine the effects on the fvs vt relationship of shifts in P a O2 before and after interruption of the vagus and carotid sinus nerves. Vagotomy reduced the slope to zero but it did not move the f intercept of the regression line extrapolated to zero vt. Carotid sinus neurotomy alone did not affect the slope or the f intercept of the regression line, nor did it influence the outcome of prior or subsequent vagotomy. Group mean regression lines were not obtainable with hypoxia after carotid sinus neurotomy. Nevertheless, under all other conditions, no significant differences could be detected between results obtained at the different pao2 levels. It is concluded that no special mechanism exists for O2 control over respiratory frequency which is exercised through the V t -dependent vagal feedback loop operating in CO2 regulation.
Close linkage in genes controlling γA and γG heavy chain structure in BALB/c mice

Isoprecipitins to a myeloma γA (Adj. PC-6A) immunoglobulin, of BALB/c mice prepared in A/He, AL and NH inbred strains of mice identified allotypic specificities (determinants) on the heavy polypeptide chains of the γA myeloma immunoglobulin, specifically the Fc fragment. The anti-myeloma γA antisera are specific for the myeloma γA class of immunoglobulins and distinguish among normal yA immunoglobulins in inbred strains of mice. Four allotypic specificities (determinants), A(12), A(13), A(14) and A(−), were found among 38 inbred strains. Isoantisera specific separately for determinants (13) on the γA and (7) on the γG heavy chains of BALB/c mice were used in genetic tests to test the sera of 758 backcross progeny of a cross of (C57BL/6 × BALB/c)F 1 and C57BL/6 mice for precipitation. Sera of 366 of the same progeny showed neither the A(13) nor the G(7) determinants, whereas sera of 392 of the same progeny showed both the A(13) and G(7) determinants, indicating very close linkage in their genetic control. Thus far no recombinants have been found. Tryptic peptide maps of the γA and γG heavy chains and their Fc fragments differ by many peptides, indicating control by different structural genes.
Structural and Quantitative Analysis of Surface Modified Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Films Using ATR FT-IR Spectroscopy

The reaction of PVF2 films in aqueous NaOH with the use of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as phase transfer catalyst results in surface dehydrofluorination. Subsequent examination of the PVF2 surface using ATR FT-IR affords evidence as to the structure of dehydrofluorinated PVF2. It is found that the infrared bands at 1402, 1225, 1194, and 882 cm−1 are sensitive to the surface treatment. The origin and behavior of these bands are discussed. It is observed that upon dehydrofluorination the FT-IR spectra of the PVF2 surface exhibit two infrared bands at 1613 cm−1 and 1717 cm−1 which arise from the formation of carbon-carbon double bonds. The band at 1613 cm−1 is due to conjugated -(-CH=CF-)- units, whereas the 1717 cm−1 band is assigned to the -(-CF=CF-)- units which arise from resonance at structural head-to-head and tail-to-tail defects.
The Macromarketing Effects of Beverage Container Legislation

This article tests two major theories of consumer preference relevant to mandatory beverage container deposit legislation (MBCDL). It examines these theories in the context of market performance of the beverage industry as well as socioeconomic and environment issues. In an area where used beverage containers may be conceptualized as negative externalities or market failures, control of such containers can become the focus of public policy both to adjust private prices and to achieve the social goal of a litter-free environment. Six hypotheses were formulated to test these theories, and empirical data on per capita beer consumption in twenty-two states were used to test the effects of MBCDL on one of the hypotheses. The findings indicate that MBCDL appears to have an enduring negative effect on beer consumption (sales) in the United States.
An update on economies-of-scale in computing systems

It is often assumed that the principle of economies-of-scale can be applied to almost every productive process. Occasionally this leads us into difficulty when we least expect it. This paper will identify three classes of computers based on word size and will determine if the principle applies.