cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noise Reduction in GaAs Schottky Barrier Mixer Diodes (Short Paper)

The sensitivity of heterodyne receivers operating at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths is limited by the noise produced in the mixer element. In this paper we investigate the presence of excess noise in GaAs Schottky barrier mixer diodes. Comparison of the measured noise data with that predicted from noise models indicates that these devices typically exhibit excess noise. An additional fabrication step, which removes several hundred angstroms from the GaAs surface before the anode contact is formed, greatly reduces this excess noise. This additional step is outlined, and experimental evidence is presented.
Failure of imaging to detect optic nerve avulsion: an explanation based on histopathology.

A 26-year-old man was struck in his unprotected left eye by a paintball and noted immediate, complete vision loss. The paintball did not burst upon impact.
Sea-Level Rise Impact on a Salt Marsh System of the Lower St. Johns River

AbstractThe impact of sea-level rise on salt marsh sustainability is examined for the lower St. Johns River and associated salt marsh (Spartina alterniflora) system. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, forced by tides and sea-level rise, is coupled with a zero-dimensional marsh model to estimate the level of biomass productivity of S. alterniflora across the salt marsh landscape for present day and anticipated future conditions (i.e., when subjected to sea-level rise). The hydrodynamic model results show mean low water (MLW) to be highly spatially variable with a SD of ± 0.18 m and mean high water (MHW) to be less spatially variable with a SD ± 0.03 m. The spatial variability of MLW and MHW is particularly evident within the tidal creeks of the salt marsh. MLW and MHW are sensitive to sea-level rise and respond in a nonlinear fashion (i.e., MLW and MHW elevate by an amount that is not proportional to the level of sea-level rise). The coupled hydrodynamic-marsh model results illustrate the spatial hetero...
Robust outdoor text detection using text intensity and shape features

Recognizing texts from camera images is a known hard problem because of the difficulties in text segmentation from the varied and complicated backgrounds. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that employs two novel filters and a basic component-based text detection framework. The framework uses the Niblack algorithm to threshold images and groups components into regions with commonly used geometry features. The intensity filter considers the overlap between the intensity histogram of a component and that of its adjoining area. For non-text regions, we have found that this overlap is large, and so we can prune out components with large values of this measure. The shape filter, on the other hand, deletes regions whose constituent components come from a same object, as most words consist of different characters. The proposed method is evaluated with the text locating database with 249 images used in the ICDAR2003 robust reading competition. The result shows that the algorithm is robust to both indoor images and outdoor images, even for the images of complex background, which usually is a hard factor to overcome for traditional component-based algorithms. In terms of performance statistics, we tested the algorithm on the ICDAR 2003 challenge experiment, and the algorithm achieves 66% precision rate (p), 46% recall rate (r), and 54% the combined rate ( f ), which is the best reported in the literature on this dataset.
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is associated with enhancers and gene bodies in human embryonic stem cells

Background: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was recently found to be abundantly present in certain cell types, including embryonic stem cells. There is growing evidence that TET proteins, which convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5hmC, play important biological roles. To further understand the function of 5hmC, an analysis of the genome-wide localization of this mark is required. Results: Here, we have generated a genome-wide map of 5hmC in human embryonic stem cells by hmeDIP-seq, in which hydroxymethyl-DNA immunoprecipitation is followed by massively parallel sequencing. We found that 5hmC is enriched in enhancers as well as in gene bodies, suggesting a potential role for 5hmC in gene regulation. Consistent with localization of 5hmC at enhancers, 5hmC was significantly enriched in histone modifications associated with enhancers, such as H3K4me1 and H3K27ac. 5hmC was also enriched in other protein-DNA interaction sites, such as OCT4 and NANOG binding sites. Furthermore, we found that 5hmC regions tend to have an excess of G over C on one strand of DNA. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that 5hmC may be targeted to certain genomic regions based both on gene expression and sequence composition.
Kaleidoscope: a cooperative menu-guided query interface

Querying databases to obtain information requires the user's knowledge of query language and underlying data. However, because the knowledge in human long-term memory is imprecise, incomplete, and often incorrect, user queries are subject to various types of failure. These may include spelling mistakes, the violation of the syntax and semantics of a query language, and the misconception of the entities and relationships in a database.Kaleidoscope is a cooperative query interface whose knowledge guides users to avoid most failure during query creation. We call this type of cooperative behavior intraquery guidance. To enable this early, active engagement in the user's process of query creation, Kaleidoscope reduces the granularity of user-system interaction via a context-sensitive menu. The system generates valid query constituents as menu choices step-by-step by interpreting a language grammar, and the user creates a query following this menu guidance[2]. For instance, it takes four steps to create the following query [Q1] Who/1 authored/2 'Al'/3 journal papers/(3+) in 'Postquery COOP'/4At each of such steps, as the user selects one of menu choices, the system updates its partial query status window. If a choice is unique as in (3+), it is taken automatically. To guide the user's entry of values, the system provides a pop-up menu for each value domain.With Kaleidoscope's process of choice generation tightly controlled by the system's knowledge of query language and underlying data, users need not remember the query language and the underlying database structure but merely recognize or identify the constituents coming one after another that match their intended query. The system provides additional guidance for users to avoid creating semantically inconsistent queries. It informs the user of any derived predicates on the completion of a user-selected predicate. To illustrate this, consider a partially constructed SQL query [Q2] SELECT * FROM professor p#1 WHERE p#1 dept = 'CS' AND p#1 salary
A Deterministic Sequential Monte Carlo Method for Haplotype Inference

Sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or haplotypes, are widely used in the analysis of relationship between genetics and diseases. Due to the cost of obtaining exact haplotype pairs, genotypes which contain the unphased information corresponding to the haplotype pairs in the test subjects are used. Various haplotype inference algorithms have been proposed to resolve the unphased information. However, most existing algorithms are limited in different ways. For statistical algorithms, the limiting factors are often in terms of the number of SNPs allowed in the genotypes, or the number of subjects in the dataset. In this paper, we propose a deterministic sequential Monte Carlo-based haplotype inference algorithm which allows for larger datasets in terms of number of SNPs and number of subjects, while providing similar or better performance for datasets under various conditions.
Heuristic resource allocation algorithms for maximizing allowable workload in dynamic, distributed real-time systems

Summary form only given. We examine several heuristic algorithms for the maximum allowable workload (MAW) problem for real-time systems with tasks having variable workloads. Briefly, the problem concerns the allocation of tasks to m processors, where each task t is characterized by a function t.r(w) that gives the running time of the task in terms of its workload (or input size) w. The objective of the maximum allowable workload problem is to find an allocation of tasks to processors so that the allocation is feasible (no task misses its deadline) when each task is given a workload of w or smaller and w is maximized. This optimization problem uses a robustness measure that is closely related to the MAIL (maximum allowable increase in load) metric recently proposed by Gertphol et al. The main contribution of this paper is the comparison of several heuristic algorithms for the MAW-RMS problem. Hillclimbing, random search, simulated annealing, and first-fit heuristics are presented and evaluated via simulation. As we show here, the first-fit greedy heuristic produces solutions of a reasonable quality compared to the other algorithms. In addition, we demonstrate the applicability of our model in air defense systems.
Hospital Profit Planning under Medicare Reimbursement

The federal Medicare regulations reimburse hospitals on a pro rata share of the hospital's cost. Hence, to meet its financial requirements, a hospital is forced to shift more of the financial burdens onto its private patients. This procedure has contributed to double digit inflation in hospital prices and to proposed federal regulation to control the rate of increase in hospital revenues. In this regulatory environment, we develop nonlinear programming pricing and cost allocation models to aid hospital administrators in meeting their profit maximizing and profit satisficing goals. The model enables administrators to explore tactical issues such as: i studying the relationship between a voluntary or legislated cap on a hospital's total revenues and the hospital's profitability, ii identifying those departments within the hospital that are the most attractive candidates for cost reduction or cost containment efforts, and iii isolating those services that should be singled out by the hospital manager for renegotiation of the prospective or "customary and reasonable" cap. Finally, the modeling approach is helpful in explaining the departmental cross subsidies observed in practice, and can be of aid to federal administrators in assessing the impacts of proposed changes in the Medicare reimbursement formula.
The checkered history of checkerboard distributions.

To address the idea that the process of interspecific competition can be inferred from data on geographical distribution alone and that evidence from geographical distribution implies an important role for interspecific competition in shaping ecological communities, we reexamine the occurrence of “true checkerboard” distributions among the land and freshwater birds in three Melanesian archipelagoes: Vanuatu, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. We use the most recently published distributional records and explicitly include the geography of the distributions of species within each archipelago. We use the overlap of convex hulls to estimate the overlap in the geographic range for each pair of species in each of these archipelagoes. We define a “true checkerboard” to consist of a pair of species with exclusive island-by-island distributions, but that have overlapping geographical ranges. To avoid the “dilution effect,” we follow Diamond and Gilpin in focusing only on congeneric and within-guil...
A spatio-temporal dipole simulation of gastrointestinal magnetic fields

We have developed a simulation of magnetic fields from gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. Current sources are modeled as depolarization dipoles at the leading edge of the isopotential ring of electrical control activity (ECA) that is driven by coupled cells in the GI musculature. The dipole moment resulting from the known transmembrane potential distribution varies in frequency and phase depending on location in the GI tract. Magnetic fields in a homogeneous volume conductor are computed using the law of Biot-Savart and characterized by their spatial and temporal variation. The model predicts that the natural ECA frequency gradient may be detected by magnetic field detectors outside the abdomen. It also shows that propagation of the ECA in the gastric musculature results in propagating magnetic field patterns. Uncoupling of gastric smooth muscle cells disrupts the normal magnetic field propagation pattern. Intestinal ischemia, which has been experimentally characterized by lower-than-normal ECA frequencies, also produces external magnetic fields with lower ECA frequencies.
One centimeter spatial resolution temperature measurements from 25 to 850 °C using rayleigh scatter in gold coated fiber

We present the use of swept wavelength interferometry for distributed fiber-optic, temperature measurements of up to 850degC over a 1m fiber segment in commercially available, single mode, gold coated fiber. The interrogation technique is based on measuring the spectral shift of the intrinsic Rayleigh backscatter signal along the optical fiber and converting the spectral shift to temperature.
Role-Taking and Role-Playing in Human Communication

The work of George Herbert Mead and Jean Piaget is stimulating interest among the social sciences in role-taking behavior as an intervening variable affecting human communication. This paper clarifies the concept of role-taking and distinguishes role-taking from related constructs with which it has been confused. It is shown, however, that clarification of role-taking requires serious consideration of the related concept of role-playing. The product of these considerations is a discussion of some implications for communication theory and research suggested by the conceptualizations and distinctions developed in this paper.
Emergency Department Patient Perspectives on the Risk of Addiction to Prescription Opioids.

Objective. To characterize emergency department (ED) patients' knowledge and beliefs about the addictive potential of opioids. Design. Mixed methods analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Setting. Urban academic ED (>88,000 visits). Subjects. One hundred and seventy four discharged ED patients prescribed hydrocodone-acetaminophen for acute pain. Methods. The study analyzed data collected from a randomized controlled trial investigating patients' knowledge of opioids. ED patients discharged with hydrocodone-acetaminophen completed an audio-recorded phone interview 4–7 days later. This analysis focuses on responses about addiction. Responses were categorized using content analysis; thematic analysis identified broad themes common across different categories. Results. Participants’ mean age was 45.5 years (SD, 14.8), 58.6% female, 50.6% white, and the majority had an orthopedic diagnosis (24.1% back pain, 52.3% other injuries). Responses were categorized first based on whether the patient believed that opioids could be addictive (categorized as: yes, 58.7%; no, 19.5%; depends, 17.2%; or do not know, 4.6%), and second based on whether or not the patient discussed his/her own experience with the medication (categorized as: personalized, 35.6%; or not personalized, 64.4%). Cohen's Kappa was 0.84 for all categories. Three themes emerged in the thematic analysis: theme 1) patients expect to “feel” addicted if they are addicted, theme 2) patients fear addiction, and theme 3) side effects affected patient views of addiction. Conclusion. In this sample, patients had misconceptions about opioid addiction. Some patients did not know opioids could be addictive, others underestimated their personal risk of addiction, and others overtly feared addiction and, therefore, risked inadequate pain management. Despite limited data, we recommend providers discuss opioid addiction with their patients.
Real-time optical scanning correlator.

A real-time large-capacity rapid-scanning optical correlator utilizing a rotating grating concept is described. We have shown that the proposed optical scanning correlator (OSC) is capable of processing large-capacity optical memories with rapid spectrum scanning. With the implementation of a closed-circuit TV system, the OSC system can be applied in real-world situations. We have also experimentally tested the overall correlation sensitivity of the OSC system due to spectrum scanning, object orientation, scale changes, and tilting of the rotating grating. Several experimental results obtained with this proposed OSC system are included.
THE WEBER THESIS OF CALVINISM AND CAPITALISM—ITS VARIOUS VERSIONS AND THEIR “FATE” IN SOCIAL SCIENCE

The paper identifies and examines various multiple renditions of the so-called Weber Thesis of an historical association and convergence between ascetic Protestantism, above all Calvinism, and the emergence and development of modern capitalism as an economic spirit and system. Specifically, it detects at least four different versions and formulations or interpretations, thus casting doubt in the common view of the Weber Thesis as a single and monolithic theory or hypothesis. The paper also considers the status of the multiple versions of the Weber Thesis in post-Weberian and contemporary sociology and related disciplines like economics and history. It concludes that the weaker, relaxed renditions of the Weber Thesis have attained a greater success and more endured in contemporary social science than have its stronger, stricter versions.
The matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits nucleocytoplasmic transport when it is in the nucleus and associated with nuclear pore complexes.

The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a potent inhibitor of bidirectional nuclear transport. Here we demonstrate that inhibition occurs when M protein is in the nucleus of Xenopus laevis oocytes and that M activity is readily reversed by a monoclonal antibody (αM). We identify a region of M protein, amino acids 51 to 59, that is required both for inhibition of transport and for efficient recognition by αM. When expressed in transfected HeLa cells, M protein colocalizes with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the nuclear rim. Moreover, mutation of a single amino acid, methionine 51, eliminates both transport inhibition and targeting to NPCs. We propose that M protein inhibits bidirectional transport by interacting with a component of the NPC or an NPC-associated factor that participates in nucleocytoplasmic transport.
A Comparison Study of Normal-Incidence Acoustic Impedance Measurements of a Perforate Liner

The eduction of the acoustic impedance for liner configurations is fundamental to the reduction of noise from modern jet engines. Ultimately, this property must be measured accurately for use in analytical and numerical propagation models of aircraft engine noise. Thus any standardized measurement techniques must be validated by providing reliable and consistent results for different facilities and sample sizes. This paper compares normal-incidence acoustic impedance measurements using the two-microphone method of ten nominally identical individual liner samples from two facilities, namely 50.8 mm and 25.4 mm square waveguides at NASA Langley Research Center and the University of Florida, respectively. The liner chosen for this investigation is a simple single-degree-of-freedom perforate liner with resonance and anti-resonance frequencies near 1.1 kHz and 2.2 kHz, respectively. The results show that the ten measurements have the most variation around the anti-resonance frequency, where statistically significant differences exist between the averaged results from the two facilities. However, the sample-to-sample variation is comparable in magnitude to the predicted cross-sectional area-dependent cavity dissipation differences between facilities, providing evidence that the size of the present samples does not significantly influence the results away from anti-resonance.
Osteological correlates and phylogenetic analysis of deep diving in living and extinct pinnipeds: What good are big eyes?

Marine tetrapods have evolved different sensory solutions to meet the ecological challenges of foraging at depth. It has been proposed that pinipeds, like ichthyosaurs, evolved large eyeballs for such demands. Here, we test this hypothesis using morphological and diving data from a comprehensive data set (n =54 species; 435 individual specimens), including living and extinct pinnipeds and other select carnivorans as outgroup taxa. We used bony orbit size as a proxy for eyeball size, and recorded associated skull measurements to control for relative changes in orbit size; for diving depth, we used the deepest dive depth reported in the literature. Our analyses included both standard regressions and those corrected for phylogeny (i.e., independent contrasts). Standard regression statistics showed orbit size was a significantly good predictor of diving depth for phocids and for pinnipeds overall, although there was no correlation for otariids. In contrast, independent contrasts showed little support for a relationship between orbit size and diving depth for any group broader than family level, although this approach did demonstrate deep diving has evolved multiple times in crown Pinnipedia. Lastly, using select fossil taxa, we highlight the need to test adaptive hypotheses using comparative data in an evolutionary context.
FEM simulation of 3D deformable solids: a practitioner's guide to theory, discretization and model reduction

A practical guide to finite-element-method (FEM) simulation of 3D deformable solids reviews essential offline FEM simulation techniques: complex nonlinear materials, invertible treatment of elasticity, and model-reduction techniques for real-time simulation.Simulations of deformable solids are important in many applications in computer graphics, including film special effects, computer games, and virtual surgery. FEM has become a popular method in many applications. Both offline simulation and real-time techniques have matured in computer graphics literature.This course is designed for attendees familiar with numerical simulation in computer graphics who would like to obtain a cohesive picture of the various FEM simulation methods available, their strengths and weaknesses, and their applicability in various simulation scenarios. The course is also a practical implementation guide for the visual-effects developer, offering a very lean yet adequate synopsis of the underlying mathematical theory. The first section introduces FEM deformable-object simulation and its fundamental concepts, such as deformation gradient, strain, stress, and elastic energy, discusses corotational FEM models, isotropic hyperelasticity, and numerical methods such as conjugate gradients and multigrid. The second section presents the state of the art in model reduction techniques for real-time FEM solid simulation. Topics include linear modal analysis, modal warping, subspace simulation, domain decomposition, and which techniques are suitable for which application.
Natural breeding conditions and artificial increases in testosterone have opposite effects on the brains of adult male songbirds: a meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis of the literature shows that in adult male songbirds, brain mass, telencephalon volume and n. rotundus (a thalamic visual nucleus) volume increase from the nonbreeding season (low testosterone) to the breeding season (higher testosterone). These effects can at least partially be mimicked by photoperiod manipulations in captivity. In contrast, an artificial testosterone (T) titer increase by chronic implants yields the opposite results: telencephalon, n. rotundus, and n. pretectalis volumes are lower in T-treated animals than in controls. These results suggest that artificial testosterone manipulations do not necessarily mimic the effects of natural variations in hormone levels and that results from experiments using T implants to mimic natural hormonal effects should be interpreted with caution.
Strontium isotope systematics of mixing groundwater and oil-field brine at Goose Lake in northeastern Montana, USA

Groundwater, surface water, and soil in the Goose Lake oil field in northeastern Montana have been affected by Cl-rich oil-field brines during long-term petroleum production. Ongoing multidisciplinary geochemical and geophysical studies have identified the degree and local extent of interaction between brine and groundwater. Fourteen samples representing groundwater, surface water, and brine were collected for Sr isotope analyses to evaluate the usefulness of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in detecting small amounts of brine.
Influence maximization in social networks: An ising-model-based approach

The past few years have seen increasing interest in understanding social networks as a medium for community interaction. A major challenge has been to understand various fundamental properties of social networks that form the basis for the formation and propagation of opinions across such networks. The main hurdle has been the absence of plausible models that specify the correlations between different members of a social network, which could then be used for algorithm design. This paper studies an influence maximization problem using an Ising-model-based approach. We first validate the credibility of the ferromagnetic Ising model in predicting opinion formation in social networks using cosponsorship data from the US Senate proceedings. We then develop a greedy placement algorithm that can efficiently find an appropriate subset of network members, “bribing” whom can efficiently propagate a particular opinion in the network. We use simulations to confirm the effectiveness of the greedy placement algorithm.
Factors Associated with Male Mating Success of the Dengue Vector Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

We studied the effects of male Aedes aegypti age, body size, and density on mating success under laboratory and field conditions. Older males under field conditions transferred the greatest number of sperm to females (1,152 by 1-day-old males to 1,892 sperm by 10-day-old males). Larger males inseminated females with more sperm than smaller ones. Male age, female body size, and density also influenced male mating success. Larger females successfully mated with males more often than smaller females, especially with older males (> 25 days old). Female insemination rates in small high-density laboratory cages (0.009 m 3 ) were artificially high (81.6-98.7%) compared with rates (65.4-84.6%) in large low-density field cages (9 m 3 ). This is the first study to systematically evaluate the effect of Ae. aegypti male body size and age on sperm transfer to females and the first one to evaluate the mating performance of males in a field setting.
An IT Body of Knowledge: The Key to an Emerging Profession

The information technology body of knowledge (BOK) is reviewed for its support to IT as an emerging profession. The author discusses the IT BOK for the important roles it can fulfill in support of education, certification, professional stature, professional development, and organizational improvement. Efforts to develop and maintain the IT BOK also have beneficial side effects, such as focusing attention on global perceptions and practices and keeping the characterization of IT current. The author offers recommendations for IT professionals to enhance the IT BOK by participating in its development, experimenting with ways to represent it more effectively, and assessing the potential benefits of creating a new BOK oriented to IT professional practice.
Seasonal Development of Phoracantha recurva and P. semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Southern California

A seasonal development study of the cerambycid beetles Phoracantha recurva Newman and Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was conducted under field conditions to look for differences in the developmental parameters of these congeneric species in southern California. Neonate larvae were introduced into eucalyptus logs in February, May, July, and October, and the infested logs were held in field cages at two locations: an inland desert site and a more temperate coastal site. Development times from neonate larva to emerged adult and percent emergence were recorded for beetles from all log cohorts at both sites. Under southern California climatic conditions, P. semipunctata seems to complete only one generation per year. Adult P. semipunctata emerged from infested logs from June to October. In contrast, P. recurva seems to be able to complete one generation and begin a second generation within the same year. Adult P. recurva emerged from infested logs from February to October. Across all treatments, a greater percentage of P. recurva (70 ± 2.5%) completed development in host logs than P. semipunctata (64 ± 1.5%). The majority of P. recurva (74.9%) and P. semipunctata (99.4%) emerged during June, July, and August. Host quality was correlated with beetle size. Overall, the differences in the developmental parameters of the two species may be contributing to the replacement of P. semipunctata by P. recurva in their shared habitat niche in southern California.
Bloomsbury and Virginia Woolf: Another View

“It had seemed to me ever since I was very young,” Adrian Stephen wrote in The Dreadnought Hoax in 1936, “that anyone who took up an attitude of authority over anyone else was necessarily also someone who offered a leg to pull.”1
Pressure response to quick volume changes in tetanized isolated ferret hearts

Observed pressure responses to quick volume changes in the isolated tetanized heart of ferrets were compared with previously reported tension responses to quick length changes in isolated cardiac muscle. Hearts were isolated from ferrets, perfused with ryanodine solution, and stimulated rapidly (50 ms between stimulations) to produce repeated 4-s intervals of tetanus. During each tetanus interval, volume increments of different amplitudes were rapidly removed and then reinfused into the left ventricular chamber. The pressure responses to these volume changes were evaluated for differences between withdrawals and infusions and for dependence on the amplitude of the volume change. It was found for both withdrawal and infusion that the response could be divided into three phases: 1) an immediate phase coincident with volume change, 2) a fast-recovery phase, and 3) a slow-recovery phase. The amplitude of the immediate phase was linearly dependent on the volume change so that a single regression line fit all the data (withdrawal and infusion). The fast recovery phase was 2.5 times faster for infusion than for withdrawal and generated a rebound effect with the pressure going below the initial pressure in the response to infusion. The pressure never went above the initial pressure in the response to withdrawal. The slow-recovery phases in infusion and withdrawal did not differ. These responses in the isolated heart bear striking similarities to tension responses to quick length changes in isolated constantly activated cardiac muscle. We concluded that muscle fiber dynamics were being faithfully transformed to left ventricular (LV) chamber dynamics without appreciable distortion because of the many intervening factors between the wall muscle fiber and the LV chamber.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sexual Harassment: Everybody's Problem.

“Sexual Harassment: Everybody's Problem” was presented at the NACADA Journal Symposium at the 1991 National Conference in Louisville, Kentucky.
Unsteady aerodynamic response modeling: A parameter-varying approach

Current low-dimensional aerodynamic modeling capabilities are greatly challenged in the face of aggressive flight maneuvers, such as rapid pitching motions that lead to aerodynamic stall. Nonlinearities associated with leading-edge vortex development and flow separation push existing real-time-capable aerodynamics models beyond their predictive limits. The inability to accurately predict the aerodynamic response of an aircraft to sharp maneuvers makes flight simulation for pilot training unrealistic and, thus, ineffective at adequately preparing pilots to safely handle compromising flight scenarios. Inaccurate low-dimensional models also put practical approaches for aerodynamic optimization and control out of reach. In the present development, we make a push toward realizing real-time-capable models with enhanced predictive performance for flight operations by considering the simpler problem of modeling an aggressively pitching airfoil in a low-dimensional manner. We propose a parameter-varying model, composed of three coupled quasi-linear sub-models, to approximate the response of an airfoil to arbitrarily prescribed aggressive ramp-hold pitching kinematics. An output error minimization strategy is used to identify the lowdimensional quasi-linear parameter-varying sub-models from input-output data gathered from low-Reynolds number (Re = 100) direct numerical fluid dynamics simulations. The resulting models have noteworthy predictive capabilities for arbitrary ramp-hold pitching maneuvers spanning a broad range of operating points, thus making the models especially useful for aerodynamic optimization and real-time control and simulation.
International Law-in-Action and the Numbers Game: A Comment

In his recent contribution to this Quarterly, Professor Irvin L. White finds in progress a significant and wholly desirable change in the tenor of international legal studies.' The traditional focus on the form and content of the law is giving way to a concern for the processes of law formation and application; "law-in-books" yields to "law-in-action." The principal figures in the law-in-action movement-Myres S. McDougal, Richard A. Falk, and Edward McWhinney-reflect an American milieu,2 and White associates the movement with the rise of behaviorialism in American political science. As in political science, the changing study of international law is marked by the appearance of "new approaches, methods, and techniques . . . ," including quantitative techniques.3 Actually, the profound influence of quantification in political science has barely
The Metabolism of Bay 93820 in Cotton Plants

Topical doses of Bay 93820 (isopropyl salicylate O -ester with O -methyl phosphoramidothioate) were less effective than methyl parathion against 3rd-stage larvae of organophosphate-resistant and-susceptible tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.). Studies of the fate of 32P-labeled Bay 93820 in cotton plants in the field demonstrated that the compound apparently was metabolized to a single secondary toxicant, the oxygen analogue (isopropyl salicylate ester with methyl phosphoramide), and to several unidentified nontoxic products. Both Bay 93820 and its oxygen analogue were relatively nonpersistent. The oxygen analogue was an extremely potent anticholinesterase agent that and was about 40 times more active than methyl paraoxon, the toxic analogue of methyl parathion.
Research on Reactive Voltage Characteristic of Clusters for Large-scale Wind-power

By studying reactive voltage characteristics of clusters for large wind-power,reference for the development of wind power cluster reactive power and voltage control scheme is provided. Through the statistical analysis for Guazhou area wind power cluster actual active outpot,and a lot of off-line simulation,wind power clusters active output characteristics were investigated at short time scales and scales,P-V characteristics of the wind farm access point,the distribution of wind power cluster reactive power loss,the reactive power and voltage characteristics of the power grid wind power cluster access,the relationship short-circuit capacity of grid with wind power cluster voltage stability. All of which initially revealed reactive voltage characteristic clusters of large-scale wind power.
Quantitation of alveolar distribution of liposome-entrapped antioxidant enzymes

Liposome-encapsulated Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) and catalase (CAT) were instilled intratracheally in rabbits, and the temporal and spatial distribution of Cu,Zn SOD and CAT within the lung was assessed at the organ and cellular levels. Specific activities of Cu,Zn SOD and CAT were increased in both lung homogenates and isolated alveolar type II pneumocytes. Peak Cu,Zn SOD activities in lung homogenates and alveolar type II cells were observed 4 h after liposome instillation and returned to control levels by 24 h, whereas CAT activities remained significantly above controls. There were no significant differences in liposome distribution or antioxidant enzyme uptake among lung lobes. The distribution of fluorescently labeled Cu,Zn SOD and CAT was assessed with the use of epifluorescence microscopy and digital image processing to determine patterns of cellular incorporation of liposome-entrapped Cu,Zn SOD and CAT within the lung. Although the mean fluorescence intensity of alveoli from rabbits instilled with liposomes containing labeled Cu,Zn SOD and CAT was greater than autofluorescence observed with either no liposome or empty liposome instillation, fluorescence intensity varied between adjacent alveoli. Both fluorescently labeled Cu,Zn SOD and CAT were located cytosolically, and uptake was not limited to alveolar type II pneumocytes. These results demonstrate that a single intratracheal instillation of liposomes can effect increases in Cu,Zn SOD and CAT activities in distal lung cells, including alveolar type I and type II cells and macrophages.
How Baleen Whales Feed: The Biomechanics of Engulfment and Filtration.

Baleen whales are gigantic obligate filter feeders that exploit aggregations of small-bodied prey in littoral, epipelagic, and mesopelagic ecosystems. At the extreme of maximum body size observed among mammals, baleen whales exhibit a unique combination of high overall energetic demands and low mass-specific metabolic rates. As a result, most baleen whale species have evolved filter-feeding mechanisms and foraging strategies that take advantage of seasonally abundant yet patchily and ephemerally distributed prey resources. New methodologies consisting of multi-sensor tags, active acoustic prey mapping, and hydrodynamic modeling have revolutionized our ability to study the physiology and ecology of baleen whale feeding mechanisms. Here, we review the current state of the field by exploring several hypotheses that aim to explain how baleen whales feed. Despite significant advances, major questions remain about the processes that underlie these extreme feeding mechanisms, which enabled the evolution of the l...
Zero Integrals, Equal Integrals, and the Transformation of Integrals

This chapter contains a further investigation of the properties of surface integrals. The most general surface integral was defined in Section 36; it is an integral of the form $$\int_{{G_m}} {\sum\limits_{(m/n)} {{f^{({j_1}, \cdots ,{j_m})}}(y)d({y^{{j_1}}}, \cdots ,{y^{{j_m}}}),} } $$ (1) which, by Theorem 36.4, is evaluated by the integral $$\int_{{G_m}} {\sum\limits_{(m/n)} {{f^{({j_1}, \cdots ,{j_m})}}[g(x)]{D_{(1, \cdots ,m)}}({g^{{j_1}}}, \cdots ,{g^{{j_m}}})(x)d({x^{{j_1}}}, \cdots ,{x^{{j_m}}}} } ).$$ (2)
Etiology, EEG, and MRI Findings in Nonconvulsive Seizures with Impaired Consciousness

Nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) from Jan 2000 to Dec 2003 were analyzed in a study at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont, Canada.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Bridged Cyclopropenes

ABSTRACT: The formation of cyclopropenes with small bridges has been studied via the dehalogenation of the corresponding dihalides. In solution, the reaction occurs and gives the cyclopropene which may subsequently be trapped as a Diels-Alder Adduct. In the gas phase, however, the main reaction leads to ring cleavage giving a methylenecycloalkene. The compounds have been studied theoretically, and at the 6-31G* level, bicyclo[2.1.0]pent-l(4)-ene is a saddle point and opens to methylenecyclobutylidene. The properties of these compounds have been studied via numerical integration of their charge densities.
A 10-Year Review of Surgical Management of Complicated Peptic Ulcer Disease From a Single Center: Is Laparoscopic Approach the Future?

Introduction The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as the culprit in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has revolutionized its management. Despite the presence of effective drug treatments and an increased understanding of its etiology, the percentage of patients who require emergent surgery for complicated disease remains constant at 7% of hospitalized patients. This study aims at reviewing the incidence of complicated PUD and analyze changes in surgical management. Patients and methods From January 2002 to September 2012, records of all patients with a clinical or radiologic diagnosis of perforated PUD were evaluated. Short-term and long-term results were assessed with regard to type of surgical intervention. The primary end point was adverse events. Other end points were length of hospital stay, complications, and deaths. Results Included were 400 patients with a median age of 56 years (range, 17 to 89 y). Of these, males made up 70% (n=280), were older and had more comorbidities. Majority of perforations were located in the prepyloric region (80%) and duodenal bulb (20%). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug alone was involved in 50% of cases and in combination with H. pylori in 84%. H. pylori alone occurred in 40% of cases.Laparoscopic treatment was performed in 48 patients (12%) who remained hemodynamically stable. In the remaining 88% of patients, open approach was used. Simple closure with omentoplasty was performed in 98% and in 2%; definitive anti ulcer procedure was performed. Major complications occurred in 6% with an overall 30-day mortality rate of 2%. Most postoperative morbidity occurred after open approach. One patient who had laparoscopic repair died of other causes unrelated to the gastroduodenal perforation. Among the laparoscopic group, mean hospital stay was 4 days (range, 3 to 7 d), compared with 6 days (5 to 14 d) after open approach. Conclusions Although the incidence of PUD is decreasing, it appears that among our patients, the incidence of complication is rising. Laparoscopic approach offers an alternative treatment with less pain, shorter hospital stay, and improved complications rate.
Motivational Cues and Angel Investing: Interactions among Enthusiasm, Preparedness, and Commitment:

Angel investors often make investment decisions based on motivational cues communicated during pitches—including enthusiasm, preparedness, and commitment—to evaluate potentially important qualities...
Harmonic model of corrugations of incommensurate two-dimensional layers

We developed a method to predict the height corrugations of moir\'e structures resulting from varying azimuthal orientations of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride substrates. Our model accounts for the flexural rigidity of graphene and assumes a sinusoidal corrugation of the preferred height of C atoms above the substrate. Using four parameters derived from density functional theory (DFT), the model computes corrugations of incommensurate moir\'e structures currently inaccessible to DFT with an estimated accuracy on the order of 0.01 \AA{}. We predict that azimuthally aligned graphene domains are energetically favored over rotated ones.
Molecularly Engineered Azobenzene Derivatives for High Energy Density Solid-State Solar Thermal Fuels

Solar thermal fuels (STFs) harvest and store solar energy in a closed cycle system through conformational change of molecules and can release the energy in the form of heat on demand. With the aim of developing tunable and optimized STFs for solid-state applications, we designed three azobenzene derivatives functionalized with bulky aromatic groups (phenyl, biphenyl, and tert-butyl phenyl groups). In contrast to pristine azobenzene, which crystallizes and makes nonuniform films, the bulky azobenzene derivatives formed uniform amorphous films that can be charged and discharged with light and heat for many cycles. Thermal stability of the films, a critical metric for thermally triggerable STFs, was greatly increased by the bulky functionalization (up to 180 °C), and we were able to achieve record high energy density of 135 J/g for solid-state STFs, over a 30% improvement compared to previous solid-state reports. Furthermore, the chargeability in the solid state was improved, up to 80% charged from 40% charg...
The Quirks of Ny Election Law: Presumption of Validity and Petition Strategies – Two Landmark Cases in a Single County

Election law, while seeking to provide a level playing field and reasonably fair elections, often contains certain quirks that make political activists and good government-minded individuals scratch their heads. The combination of a provision for the presumption of the validity of designating petitions, and the signatures on those petitions, with a late deadline for the filing of documents allowing candidates from outside a political party to run on the party‟s line creates one such quirk. This paper proposes to examine the loophole and its potential to tarnish a clear and fair process of candidate selection and the control of the nominating process by party regulars. Chemung County, NY, is home to two cases dealing with this issue which, together, establish and affirm the legal precedent of the presumption of validity. Using the case history, interviews, and first-hand knowledge of the most recent case, I will examine the law, suggest potential problems, and offer a simple solution.
Comparison of Two β-Alanine Dosing Protocols on Muscle Carnosine Elevations

Objective: β-alanine (BA) is a nonproteogenic amino acid that combines with histidine to form carnosine. The amount taken orally in individual doses, however, is limited due to symptoms of paresthe...
The Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Prostate Cancer

Cancer of the prostate is the second most diagnosed cancer in men. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex, but is known to involve multiple factors that affect tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. One group of such factors are CXC chemokines, which are a subset of chemotactic cytokines which, through their receptors, have angiogenic or angiostatic properties. This review will discuss our current understanding of the various functional roles that CXC chemokines and their receptors play in the development and progression of prostate cancer.
Driving behavior modeling and estimation for battery optimization in electric vehicles: work-in-progress

Battery and energy management methodologies such as automotive climate controls have been proposed to address the design challenges of driving range and battery lifetime in Electric Vehicles (EV). However, driving behavior estimation is a major factor neglected in these methodologies. In this paper, we propose a novel context-aware methodology for estimating the driving behavior in terms of future vehicle speeds that will be integrated into the EV battery optimization. We implement a driving behavior model using a variation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) called Nonlinear AutoRegressive model with eXogenous inputs (NARX). We train our novel context-aware NARX model based on historical behavior of real drivers, their recent driving reactions, and the route average speed retrieved from Google Maps in order to enable driver-specific and self-adaptive driving behavior modeling and long-term estimation. Our methodology shows only 12% error for up to 30-second speed prediction which is improved by 27% compared to the state-of-the-art. Hence, it can achieve up to 82% of the maximum energy saving and battery lifetime improvement possible by the ideal methodology where the future vehicle speed is known.