cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verification of New Floating Capabilities in FAST v8

FAST v8 is the latest release of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s wind turbine aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation software, with several new capabilities and major changes from the previous version. FAST has been significantly altered to improve the simulator’s modularity and to include new functionalities in the form of modules in the FAST v8 framework. This paper focuses on the improvements made for the modeling of floating offshore wind systems. The most significant change was to the hydrodynamic load calculation algorithms, which are embedded in the HydroDyn module. HydroDyn is now capable of applying strip-theory (via an extension of Morison’s equation) at the member level for user-defined geometries. Users may now use a strip-theory-only approach for applying the hydrodynamic loads, as well as the previous potential-flow (radiation/diffraction) approach and a hybrid combination of both methods (radiation/diffraction and the drag component of Morison’s equation). Second-order hydrodynamic implementations in both the wave kinematics used by the strip-theory solution and the wave-excitation loads in the potential-flow solution were also added to HydroDyn. The new floating capabilities were verified through a direct code-to-code comparison. We conducted a series of simulations of the International Energy Agency Wind Task 30 Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation (OC4) floating semisubmersible model and compared the wind turbine response predicted by FAST v8, the corresponding FAST v7 results, and results from other participants in the OC4 project. We found good agreement between FAST v7 and FAST v8 when using the linear radiation/diffraction modeling approach. The strip-theory-based approach inherently differs from the radiation/diffraction approach used in FAST v7 and we identified and characterized the differences. Enabling the second-order effects significantly improved the agreement between FAST v8 and the other OC4 participants.
Some Leafspot Fungi on Western Gramineae-XIV

Continued search in the western area has brought to light additional material contributing to our knowledge of the fungi parasitizing grasses. A number of collections were made June 10, 11, 1959 along French Creek, Snohomish County, Washington. In late July of the same year some specimens were obtained in the vicinity of Mt. Adams, Yakima County, Washington. Still later in August and early September, 1959 several hundred specimens were obtained in the Bitter Root Mountains along the Idaho-Montana border and then scatteringly eastward through Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota and Michigan. Additional specimens were oltained by examination of the phanerogamic grass collections of the )elpartment of Botany Herbarium, Washington State University, Marion Ownbey, Curator (23). In addition, a number of specimens were sent in for (letermination. The first mentioned species in this paper is included in this category.
Effects of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles on polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis by activated sludge bacteria.

Manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) are increasingly incorporated into consumer products that are disposed into sewage. In wastewater treatment, MNMs adsorb to activated sludge biomass where they may impact biological wastewater treatment performance, including nutrient removal. Here, we studied MNM effects on bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), specifically polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), biosynthesis because of its importance to enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal (EBPR). Activated sludge was sampled from an anoxic selector of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and PHB-containing bacteria were concentrated by density gradient centrifugation. After starvation to decrease intracellular PHB stores, bacteria were nutritionally augmented to promote PHB biosynthesis while being exposed to either MNMs (TiO2 or Ag) or to Ag salts (each at a concentration of 5 mg L–1). Cellular PHB concentration and PhyloChip community composition were analyzed. The final bacterial community composition differed fr...
The electrodiagnostic examination with hysteria-conversion reaction and malingering.

Electrodiagnostic examination (EDX) can be helpful in assessing patients with hysteria-conversion reaction (H-CR) and malingering. The EDX with both H-CR and malingering are identical, but the electromyographer usually distinguishes one from another based on how the patient responds to the situation. EDX not only can demonstrate that symptoms are probably nonorganic in nature, but also can show that symptoms attributed clinically to H- CR and malingering actually have an organic basis.
Acoustic Wave Propagation I – Basic Concepts

This chapter discusses acoustic wave propagation in combustor environments. As noted in Chapter 2, acoustic waves propagate energy and information through the medium without requiring bulk advection of the actual flow particles. For this reason, and as detailed further in this chapter, the details of the time-averaged flow has relatively minor influences on the acoustic wave field (except in higher Mach number flows). In contrast, vortical disturbances, which propagate with the local flow field, are highly sensitive to the flow details. For these reasons, there is no analogue in the acoustic problem to the myriad different ways in which vorticity can organize and reorganize itself as in the hydrodynamic stability problem. Rather, the acoustic field is insensitive to these details and is largely controlled by the boundaries and sound speed field. The acoustic problem, however, has its own unique, distinctive set of rich physics. In particular, sound waves reflect off of boundaries and refract around bends or other obstacles. In contrast, vortical and entropy disturbances advect out of the domain in which they are excited – the only way in which they can further influence the disturbance field in the system is if they excite backward-propagating sound waves, a topic discussed in Section 6.4.2. The wave propagation nature of sound waves also implies that an acoustic disturbance in any part of the system will make itself felt in every other region of the flow. For example, an acoustic disturbance in the combustor propagates upstream and causes oscillations throughout the air flow passages, into fuel supply systems, and all other locations downstream of a sonic point.
Modern Prometheus: Editing the Human Genome with Crispr-Cas9

Would you change your genes if you could? As we confront the 'industrial revolution of the genome', the recent discoveries of Crispr-Cas9 technologies are offering, for the first time, cheap and effective methods for editing the human genome. This opens up startling new opportunities as well as significant ethical uncertainty. Tracing events across a fifty-year period, from the first gene splicing techniques to the present day, this is the story of gene editing - the science, the impact and the potential. Kozubek weaves together the fascinating stories of many of the scientists involved in the development of gene editing technology. Along the way, he demystifies how the technology really works and provides vivid and thought-provoking reflections on the continuing ethical debate. Ultimately, Kozubek places the debate in its historical and scientific context to consider both what drives scientific discovery and the implications of the 'commodification' of life.
The Evolution of the Internet of Things Industry and Market in China: An Interplay of Institutions, Demands and Supply

This paper seeks to provide some explanation as to how demand-, supply- and institutions-related factors in China have affected the creation and diffusion of Internet of Things (IoT)-related products and services. Concerning demand side factors the paper demonstrates how potential market size and existing technology trajectory work in favor of IoT diffusion. As a related demand side factor the paper argues that, in terms of the technological trajectory, China has started farther from the frontier than most industrialized countries. The degree of incremental benefit from the IoT is thus higher in the country. As to the supply side factors, the article promotes an understanding of how Chinese technology companies have capitalized on a huge user base to develop IoT-based applications. It also suggests that technologies and expertise provided by foreign multinationals have also played crucial roles. Regarding formal institutions, the government's proactive policies have been a major factor in the IoT's evolution. It is also in the Chinese government's interest to develop IoT products to make censorship and surveillance more effective. Regarding informal institutions, Chinese consumers are less concerned than Westerners about being tracked and monitored, which provides a favorable condition for the adoption of IoT-enabled devices. Nonetheless, this condition is changing due to increasing abuse of consumer privacy. China and the U.S. are compared in terms of diffusion, key determinants, performance indicators and impacts of the IoT in order to understand the areas that China outperforms—and underperforms—the U.S. Some indicators are proposed to gauge the IoT-related performance and the impacts of the IoT.
Human-Robot Interaction in the Rehabilitation Robot Renus-1

Renus-1 is a mechatronic system for support of rehabilitation of the patients with dysfunctions of the upper arm. It is the End-effector based device. It contacts the patient’s limb only at its most distant part, the handle. The mechanical structure of the manipulator is a SCARA like, with 3 DOF. The robot control system uses commercial components of Mitsubishi Electric, typically used in industrial automation. Each axis is moved by synchronous motor with permanent magnets, controlled by individual servo cooperating with the PLC CPU. As the user interface the standard PC station was used. It is working under control of specialized application software. PC is equipped with 2 screens: the first for the patient and the second one for the therapist. Two main modes of work are available: teaching and training. In the training mode it is possible to perform active as well as passive rehabilitation. In both cases patient has current information about the course of the exercise. These data are stored in the PC mass memory, with possibility to send via LAN to the external computer station for further processing. The handle is equipped with the six-axis sensor (forces and torques). Additional for safety reasons patient has special permission button. It must be pressed, so that the robot can perform a translational motion. Also Emergency Stop button is mounted.
RNA Nanoparticle-Based Targeted Therapy for Glioblastoma through Inhibition of Oncogenic miR-21

Targeted inhibition of oncogenic miRNA-21 has been proposed to treat glioblastoma by rescuing tumor suppressors, PTEN and PDCD4. However, systemic delivery of anti-miR-21 sequences requires a robust and efficient delivery platform to successfully inhibit this druggable target. Three-way-junction (3WJ)-based RNA nanoparticles (RNP), artificially derived from pRNA of bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor, was recently shown to target glioblastoma. Here, we report that multi-valent folate (FA)-conjugated 3WJ RNP constructed to harbor anti-miR-21 LNA sequences (FA-3WJ-LNA-miR21) specifically targeted and delivered anti-miR-21 LNA and knocked down miR-21 expression in glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo with favorable biodistribution. Systemically injected FA-3WJ-LNA-miR21 RNP efficiently rescued PTEN and PDCD4, resulting in glioblastoma cell apoptosis and tumor growth regression. Overall survival rate was also significantly improved by FA-3WJ-LNA-miR21 RNP. These results are indicative of the clinical benefit of FA-3WJ RNP-based gene therapy for the successful targeted therapy of developing and even recurring glioblastoma.
Coping Styles and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Sickle Cell Disease.

Abstract Children with sickle cell disease use different coping styles to control their pain. Those who use an affective coping style such as fear and anger self-statements or a passive coping style such as resting have more severe pain, higher utilization of health care services, and worse psychological adjustment. Those who use active coping styles such as diverting attention or praying and hoping engage in greater work and social activities. The association of coping style to the health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children with sickle cell disease is not known. Our study sought to determine the association of coping styles with HRQL in children with sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that children with sickle cell disease who used affective or passive coping styles would have worse HRQL. To determine the association between coping styles and HRQL, the Child Health Questionnaire-Child Form (CHQ-CF87) was completed by children with SCD age 10–18 years at the time of their annual comprehensive visit to 1 of 2 sickle cell disease clinics. Mean scores were calculated for each of the 12 concepts that make-up the CHQ-CF87. Scores range from 0, representing poor quality of life, to 100, representing a high quality of life. In addition, children also completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) for sickle cell disease. This questionnaire assesses ways in which children cope with pain based on the child's response on a 7-point Likert-type scale where 0 =never and 6=always. Mean scores were calculated for each of 3 types of coping styles: affective, passive adherence and active coping. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the association of HRQL with coping style. Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for disease severity, were calculated for those relationships with significant associations. Forty-eight children completed both questionnaires for analysis. The mean age of the children was 13. 3 years (standard deviation 2.2) and 58% were female. Children who used an affective coping style had worse associated HRQL scores in the areas of mental health and self esteem (r of −0.38, p=0.010 and r of −0.35, p=0.015 respectively). Furthermore, children who used an affective coping style or passive coping style reported a greater frequency of disruption in their usual family activities or that their health more likely was a source of family tension (r of −0.39, p=0.006 and r of −0.31, p=0.037 respectively). These relationships persisted after controlling for disease severity. There was no significant association with other domains of HRQL and coping. In conclusion, children with sickle cell disease who report using affective and passive coping styles have worse mental health and self esteem and increased disruption of family activities. This maladaptive response to pain further impacts the well being of children with sickle cell disease and their families. In addition, these findings support the need to provide psychological intervention and therapy to improve children's coping abilities to ultimately improve their HRQL.
A Bayesian part-based approach to 3D human pose and camera estimation

We present a Bayesian framework for estimating 3D human pose and camera from a single RGB image. We develop a generative model where a 3D pose is rendered onto an image (via the camera), which then generates a detection probability map for each body part. We represent a human pose with a set of 3D cylinders in space, one for each body part, and we place kinematic and self-intersection priors on the model. Importantly, we use a graphics engine (e.g., OpenGL) to render the pose, and use its built-in capabilities for color blending to efficiently compute the likelihood of the model given the observed probability maps, which are obtained by running a convolutional neural network classifier on a test image. We explore the space of 3D poses and camera configurations via the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm, with sampling moves designed specifically for this problem. We train the parameters of our prior and likelihood distributions using annotated poses from the CMU mocap database, and test our algorithm on two benchmark datasets, where we compare performance against state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, we demonstrate the flexibility of our framework by incorporating a likelihood function for depth images and showing the associated performance gains.
Survival Topic Models for Predicting Outcomes for Trauma Patients

Data mining techniques have been proposed to predict mortality for ICU patients using their demographic data, measurements and notes from doctors and nurses. Most of these techniques suffer from two main drawbacks. First, they model the mortality prediction problem as a binary classification problem, while ignoring the time of death as continuous values. Second, they use topic models to analyze the notes, while ignoring the relationship between measurements, notes and mortality/discharge outcomes. In this paper we propose a novel model called the survival topic model (SVTM), which models patients' measurements, notes and mortality/discharge jointly, and predicts the probability of mortality/discharge as functions of time. The idea is that each patient has a latent distribution of disease conditions, which we call topics. These conditions generate the measurements and notes and determine the patients' mortality. We derive a mean-field variational inference algorithm for this model. We fitted the SVTM with two outcomes on Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) trauma patients data and obtained some important topics. Also, we demonstrated the relationships between these topics.
‘Cangiar la lira in tromba’: Metaphors for Poetic Form in Torquato Tasso

Beginning with his earliest poetic works, Torquato Tasso (1544–1595) often makes use of specific metaphors in order to reflect on his activity as a poet. For instance, he frequently employs images ...
Bookmarking by specific and nonspecific binding of FoxA1 pioneer factor to mitotic chromosomes

While most transcription factors exit the chromatin during mitosis and the genome becomes silent, a subset of factors remains and “bookmark” genes for rapid re-activation as cells progress through the cell cycle. Yet it is unknown whether such “bookmarking” factors bind to chromatin similarly in mitosis and how different binding capacities among them relate to function. We compared a diverse set of transcription factors involved in liver differentiation and found markedly different extents of mitotic chromosome binding. Among them, only the pioneer factor FoxA1 exhibits virtually complete mitotic chromosome binding. Genomically, about 15% of the FoxA1 interphase target sites are bound in mitosis, including at genes for liver differentiation. Biophysical, genome mapping, and mutagenesis studies of FoxA1 reveals two different modes of binding to mitotic chromatin: Specific binding, at sites that continue to be bound from interphase, and nonspecific binding, whereby due to intrinsic chromatin affinity, FoxA1 remains in the genomic vicinity of its interphase target genes. Both specific and nonspecific binding contribute to timely reactivation of target genes, post mitosis. These studies reveal an unexpected diversity in the mechanisms by which transcription factors help retain cell identity during mitosis.
Periodizing, paths and probabilities: why critical junctures and path dependence produce causal confusion

ABSTRACTThis review examines four recent works in political economy seeking to make sense of the political and economic changes of the 1970s. This recent wave of work increasingly sees these institutional changes as the result of forces endogenous to the political and economic institutions of the post-war era, but it also continues to make use of the common practice of seeing history as an alternation between deterministic path dependence and contingent critical junctures. This review argues that when applied to these and similar endogenous arguments, the approach of path dependence and critical junctures is unable to empirically distinguish between deterministic and contingent processes, despite being conceptually predicated on the distinction between the two. This argument is demonstrated by showing that these arguments about the transformations of the 1970s can be flipped between deterministic and contingent explanations based on nearly the same empirical evidence. The review then addresses the recent ...
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation for the management of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and pain in patients with advanced cancer: A preliminary study.

229Background: Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) is a safe modulation of brain activity for treating depression, anxiety, insomnia, and pain. However, there are no published studies in patie...
Effect of Oscillation on Perineal Pressure in Cyclists: Implications for Micro-Trauma

Abstract Background Genital numbness and erectile dysfunction in cyclists may result from repeated perineal impacts on the bicycle saddle (micro-trauma) that occur during routine cycling. Aim To evaluate the relationship between oscillation forces and perineal pressures among cyclists in a simulated laboratory setting. Methods Participants were fit to a study bicycle to ensure all cyclists had the same torso angle (60 ± 1 degree) and maximum knee angle (150 ± 1 degree). A lever system was used to generate oscillation events of 3 progressively increasing magnitudes. Perineal pressure was continuously measured using a pressure sensor on the bicycle saddle. This process was carried out in each of the following conditions: (1) stationary (not pedaling) with the standard seatpost, (2) pedaling with standard seatpost, (3) stationary with seatpost shock absorber, and (4) pedaling with seatpost shock absorber. Outcomes We compared perineal pressure changes during oscillation events in the stationary and pedaling states, with and without the seatpost shock absorber. Results A total of 39 individuals were recruited (29 men and 10 women). As the amount of oscillation increased from an average of 0.7g (acceleration due to Earth’s gravity) to 1.3g, the perineal pressure increased from 10.3% over baseline to 19.4% over baseline. There was a strong linear relationship between the amount of oscillation and increase in pressure (r2 = 0.8, P Conclusion This study represents one of the first characterizations of cycling-associated perineal micro-trauma in a laboratory setting. We found a strong linear relationship between oscillation magnitude and perineal pressure during cycling, which was mitigated by a seatpost shock absorber. The use of shock absorption in bicycle design may reduce perineal micro-trauma and potentially improve cycling-associated perineal numbness and erectile dysfunction. Sanford T, Gadzinski AJ, Gaither T, et al. Effect of Oscillation on Perineal Pressure in Cyclists: Implications for Micro-Trauma. Sex Med 2018;6:239–247.
What’s Wrong with this Picture? Interrogating Landscapes of Inequity in Art Education

This chapter discusses an ongoing arts-based research project that maps relationships between race, socioeconomic status, and measures of school quality in order to visualize systemic educational inequities and interrogate art education’s role in perpetuating them. The project is informed by critical race theorizations of Whiteness as property and explores relationships between socioeconomic stratification, school segregation, and art education. Conceptualized as an activist intervention, the project used the public forum of a painting exhibition in a university art gallery to make connections with art education stakeholders, open up public dialogue, and instigate critical reflection. Through this writing, the project also entailed a critical self-study of the author’s investment in White property as evidenced in the project’s methods and conceptual framework and in her art education practice.
Основные Характеристики Динамики и Структуры Финансовой и Банковской Сферы России На Различных Этапах Современного Развития (1999-2012 Гг.) (Main Characteristics of the Dynamics and Structure of the Financial and Banking Sectors of Russia at Various Stages of Modern Development (1999-2012 Gg.))

Развитие российской банковской системы разделяется на несколько этапов после системного кризиса 1998 г. Каждый из этапов характеризуется различными внешними параметрами и непосредственно реализуемыми стратегиями - денежной политикой, политикой в области привлечения средств, развитием финансовых рынков. На каждом этапе менялась структура институциональных финансовых потоков. Анализ этапов развития российской экономики и ее финансовой сферы представлен не только и не столько в контексте описания истории развития. Каждый из выделенных этапов представляет модель экономического развития (хотя далеко не их полный набор). Важнейшим выступает вопрос о выборе модели развития экономики России в текущем десятилетии. Экономический рост в идеальном случае должен сопровождаться не структурными диспропорциями, а напротив, улучшением структуры институциональных финансовых потоков, предполагающей способность национальной финансовой сферы содействовать поступательному развитию и противодействовать внешним шокам. Development of the Russian banking system is divided into several stages after systemic crisis in 1998 Each of these stages is characterized by a variety of external parameters and directly implemented strategies - monetary policy, policy on fundraising, development of financial markets. At each stage varied institutional structure of financial flows. Analysis of the stages of development of the Russian economy and its financial sector is represented not only and not so much in the context of describing the history of the development. Each of the selected stages represents a model of economic development (though not their full set). The most important is the issue of choosing a model of economic development of Russia in the current decade. Economic growth should ideally be accompanied not by structural imbalances, but instead improving the institutional structure of financial flows involving the ability of the national financial sector to promote the progressive development and resist external shocks.
Environmental Application of Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic Frameworks in an Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory

Reported herein is a multidisciplinary laboratory experiment for advanced undergraduate students that includes elements of material synthesis, in the synthesis of cyclodextrin-containing metal–orga...
Residence time distribution in a structured packing unit for monitoring aerosol emissions

Abstract Solvent absorption in a structured packed column has been demonstrated as a viable option for post-combustion carbon capture. Amine emissions in the form of aerosol particles pose a major challenge that severely impacts the separation efficiency of the packed column. The aerosol particles quickly achieve the motion of the gas flow. In this context, residence time distribution (RTD) of the gaseous phase will provide insights for managing aerosol particles, thereby controlling amine loss in the packed column. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of such columns is a multiscale problem because of a wide range of disparity in length scales. Accordingly, three-dimensional CFD simulations in the representative elementary unit of a structured packing are conducted using OpenFOAM. The RTD is analyzed in terms of residence time distribution function, mean residence time and variance. Effects of the diffusivity and flow rates on RTD are extensively studied, and the dispersion coefficient is calculated using a one-dimensional axial dispersion model. RTDs computed in a smaller domain are extrapolated to a larger domain using the convolution integral. The CFD computed and corresponding CFD models derived from the convolution integral match well at different flow rates and domain sizes. A comparison of RTD among diﬀ ;erent packing designs is presented at a fixed number of repeating units and different flow rates. The mean residence time is found to larger than the superficial time, which is a unique behavior of structure packing. For a fixed number of repeating units, a packed column having higher specific area showed broad dispersion and the axial Peclet number decreases.
Abstract WP437: Sleep Apnea and Cerebral Blood Flow: the Role of Autoregulation

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a stroke risk factor and is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Altered cerebral autoregulation may play a role in these r...
Salud y enfermería en Chile a 40 años de Alma Ata. Una mirada desde la salud pública

Esta reflexion tiene como proposito analizar la profesion de enfermeria en el desarrollo de sus actividades en la atencion primaria de salud a 40 anos de Alma Ata. El devenir de la enfermeria profesional ha supuesto un desarrollo disciplinar y practico como pilares de la profesion. Gran parte del rol enfermero cotidiano comprende la promocion de la salud y la prevencion de enfermedades, actividades clave dentro de la atencion primaria de la salud. En Chile, a 40 anos de Alma Ata, la distribucion de la fuerza laboral de enfermeras y enfermeros es inequitativa y, por tanto, aquellos lugares con menos profesionales de enfermeria son espacios geograficos desatendidos y vulnerados en la posibilidad de cuidados de calidad-esto es, seguros, integrales y oportunos. Los grupos poblacionales mas vulnerados socialmente tienen en ese espacio, a veces, la unica fuente de oportunidades y acceso a prestaciones de salud. Los procesos de globalizacion, el cambio climatico, desplazamientos humanos y la movilidad de pueblos han tensionado la convivencia entre personas con diferentes culturas. La atencion profesional de enfermeria debe estar actualizada a la epidemiologia y a la determinacion social de la enfermedad. Debe ser pertinente interculturalmente. No es posible conformarse con asegurar el acceso, ademas debe ocuparse del proceso de atencion- cuestionarse bajo que paradigmas y creencias se valoran las decisiones en salud-enfermedad-atencion de personas con cosmovisiones diferentes a las nuestras en nuestras intervenciones.
Effects of Adaptive Hearing Aid Directionality and Noise Reduction on Masked Speech Recognition for Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate speech-in-noise and speech-in-speech recognition associated with activation of a fully adaptive directional hearing aid algorithm in children with mild to severe bilateral sensory/neural hearing loss. Method Fourteen children (5–14 years old) who are hard of hearing participated in this study. Participants wore laboratory hearing aids. Open-set word recognition thresholds were measured adaptively for 2 hearing aid settings: (a) omnidirectional (OMNI) and (b) fully adaptive directionality. Each hearing aid setting was evaluated in 3 listening conditions. Fourteen children with normal hearing served as age-matched controls. Results Children who are hard of hearing required a more advantageous signal-to-noise ratio than children with normal hearing to achieve comparable performance in all 3 conditions. For children who are hard of hearing, the average improvement in signal-to-noise ratio when comparing fully adaptive directionality to OMNI was 4.0 dB in noise...
Bad luck or bad intentions: When do third parties reveal offenders' intentions to victims?

Abstract Intentional harm is often a catalyst to action for victims and third party observers. Yet, harm may also be unintended. If there is a third party observer, and the victim does not know whether harm was intentional or accidental, would that observer reveal the offender's intentions to the victim? In five studies, we investigated when and why third party observers reveal offenders' intentions. We used an economic game in which participants observed a player being monetarily harmed either accidentally or intentionally. Third party observers were more likely to inform the victims when harm was accidental than intentional. We distinguish between two types of motives. First, emotional motives are desires to express one's moral anger and empathy. Second, instrumental motives reflect desires to correct the victim's impressions and ensure future fairness. Third party behavior is motivated by moral emotions of anger and empathy. Anger toward the offenders increases the likelihood that the observer will inform the victim when harm is intentional. Empathy for the victim increases the likelihood of informing the victim about intentional and accidental harm. Moreover, third party behavior is motivated by instrumental motives that reflect fairness concerns. By correcting the victim's impression of the offender, the observer is ensuring fair future interactions between victim and offender. We discuss implications for forgiveness and management of conflict.
Next-Generation Tropical Cyclone Model

Abstract : The long-term goal of this project is to develop a robust and hardened high-resolution air-ocean coupled tropical cyclone (TC) data assimilation and prediction system that is able to assimilate the wide variety of available in-situ and remotely-sensed observations in order to analyze and predict TC structure and intensity changes in an operational environment. Significant gains have been made in TC track prediction over the past three decades. This considerable achievement is due, in large part, to the steady improvement of numerical models, especially the global scale prediction systems, and the judicial utilization of multi-model ensemble results. In contrast, the TC intensity forecast by numerical models has shown very little improvement during the same time period, and remains a formidable forecast problem. Advanced statistical prediction models nowadays are able to predict the trend for intensification, but as statistical tools, they inherently cannot predict the rapid intensity changes, as evident in Katrina and Rita of 2005, and other tropical cyclones. It is generally accepted now that while advancements in data assimilation and modeling have resulted in better analyses and predictions of steering flows, the processes that affect the structure and intensity of tropical cyclones are much more difficult for current numerical models to capture and reproduce. Physical processes in tropical cyclones that can affect their structure and intensity include enthalpy and mechanical interchanges with the underlying ocean and land surfaces, shallow and deep atmospheric convection in the convectively unstable tropical atmosphere with vertical and horizontal wind shears, and internal multiscale non-linear dynamic interactions. Current prediction systems have been shown to be able to reproduce rapid intensification in case studies involving complex upper tropospheric and oceanic conditions in a carefully conducted simulation mode (e.g., Hong et al. 2000).
Cognitive Process of Absorptive Capacity: An Identity-Based Approach At Yamaha 1938-1960

This paper investigates the cognitive process of how incumbent organizations exercise absorptive capacity. While absorptive capacity has attracted organizational studies in various topics such as d...
On the Regularity of Lossy RSA

We provide new bounds on how close to regular the map x↦x e is on arithmetic progressions in ℤ N , assuming e|Φ(N) and N is composite. We use these bounds to analyze the security of natural cryptographic problems related to RSA, based on the well-studied Φ-Hiding assumption. For example, under this assumption, we show that RSA PKCS #1 v1.5 is secure against chosen-plaintext attacks for messages of length roughly \(\frac{\log N}{4}\) bits, whereas the previous analysis, due to [19], applies only to messages of length less than \(\frac{\log N}{32}\).
Creating inclusive health care environments: Health care stories from the trans population.

Background Transgender people face a multitude of health care access barriers that create wide disparities in health. Transgender people have more untreated acute and chronic conditions than the cisgender population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe positive and negative experiences of transgender people when accessing health care. Methodological orientation Qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews and content analysis for identification of themes. Sample Nine transgender people ranging in age from 20 to 35 years who currently reside in a metropolitan area of the Southwestern United States. Conclusions The interviews contained candid stories about the participants' health care experiences and included perspectives about provider knowledge, provider communication, and provider office interactions. Findings identified health care disparities among transgender people related, in part, to negative experiences in the health care environment. Some of these negative experiences arose from the uncertainty of providers' transgender-specific health care knowledge and anxiety about dysphoria-triggering communication in the health care environment. Implications for practice These findings enhance practice by offering insight into how health care providers and personnel interactions influence the experience of transgender patients and help health care providers and personnel understand situations that create anxiety and dysphoria in transgender patients.
Versatile phenotype-activated cell sorting

Unraveling the genetic and epigenetic determinants of phenotypes is critical for understanding and re-engineering biology and would benefit from improved methods to separate cells based on phenotypes. Here, we report SPOTlight, a versatile high-throughput technique to isolate individual yeast or human cells with unique spatiotemporal profiles from heterogeneous populations. SPOTlight relies on imaging visual phenotypes by microscopy, precise optical tagging of single target cells, and retrieval of tagged cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. To illustrate SPOTlight's ability to screen cells based on temporal properties, we chose to develop a photostable yellow fluorescent protein for extended imaging experiments. We screened 3 million cells expressing mutagenesis libraries and identified a bright new variant, mGold, that is the most photostable yellow fluorescent protein reported to date. We anticipate that the versatility of SPOTlight will facilitate its deployment to decipher the rules of life, understand diseases, and engineer new molecules and cells.
Variations in blood pressure control by medical comorbidities prior to sudden death

Patients with hypertension have increased risk of sudden death, but the impact of blood pressure control in sudden death is not clear. To better understand potential opportunities to prevent sudden, we assessed blood pressure control, comorbidities, and the number of recent medical encounters among all-cause sudden death victims. Less than 40% of sudden death victims with hypertension had controlled blood pressure prior to death. Furthermore, increased frequency of medical visits and number of comorbidities were associated with better blood pressure control Strategies to address clinical inertia in hypertension treatment particularly for patients with fewer comorbidities may attenuate the risk of sudden death.
Key Elements of the Critical Care Work Environment Associated With Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction.

Background As the role of a health care system's influence on nurse burnout becomes better understood, an under-standing of the impact of a nurses' work environment on burnout and well-being is also imperative. Objective To identify the key elements of a healthy work environment associated with burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction, as well as the effect of burnout and the work environment on nurse turnover. Methods A total of 779 nurses in 24 critical care units at 13 hospitals completed a survey measuring burnout and quality of the work environment. Actual unit-level data for nurse turnover during a 5-month period were queried and compared with the survey results. Results Among nurses in the sample, 61% experience moderate burnout. In models controlling for key nurse characteristics including age, level of education, and professional recognition, 3 key elements of the work environment emerged as significant predictors of burnout: staffing, meaningful recognition, and effective decision-making. The latter 2 elements also predicted more compassion satisfaction among critical care nurses. In line with previous research, these findings affirm that younger age is associated with more burnout and less compassion satisfaction. Conclusions Efforts are recommended on these 3 elements of the work environment (staffing, meaningful recognition, effective decision-making) as part of a holistic, systems-based approach to addressing burnout and well-being. Such efforts, in addition to supporting personal resilience-building activities, should be undertaken especially with younger members of the workforce in order to begin to address the crisis of burnout in health care.
Walk-to-transit demand estimation methods applied at the parcel level to improve pedestrian infrastructure investment

Abstract Public transportation is a critical component of cities' transportation system that can be supported by a safe, complete, and connected pedestrian infrastructure. Agencies spend millions of dollars each year to improve transit ridership, yet many of the transit destinations do not have adequate pedestrian infrastructure to connect to the transit stops creating a substantial barrier to growing demand. This is particularly true in suburban areas. This paper presents a replicable methodology for estimating relative parcel-level transit demand such that analysts can conduct fine-grained evaluation and prioritization of the pedestrian network enhancements as they relate to public transit system. To this end, pedestrian infrastructure can boost transit ridership and enhance riders' safety. We rely on spatial data available in most cities coupled with land use and socioeconomic data to generate potential relative number of walk-to-transit trips for each parcel and weight the occupied road segments based on the results from mode choice and gravity models. Using this GIS-based tool, we identify road segments that have a higher potential in serving as a walking path to transit stops and prioritize gaps in existing sidewalk infrastructure. This result eliminates arbitrary sidewalk investment scoring programs and the reliance on transit walksheds to direct investment. We apply this method to a case study of the city of Knoxville and discuss the challenges and possible solutions. This approach can help city planners and engineers in data-oriented investment strategic management of sidewalk enhancement programs that support transit.
Vulnerabilities associated with physical health conditions for emergency department utilization in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Background Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been found to have higher emergency department (ED) utilization due to psychiatric crisis compared to adolescents without ASD. However, little attention has been given to identification of physical health risk factors specifically associated with ED utilization in this population. Method This was a retrospective longitudinal study using the 2005–2014 MarketScan® claims database. We extracted a cohort of subjects with ASD, aged 12–21 and having a minimum of two full consecutive calendar years of enrollment. The outcome variable was a binary indictor of ED utilization during a calendar year. In addition to the univariate association analysis, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the independent effects of prior physical health conditions while adjusting for mental health conditions and other potential confounders. Results Our study included 181,686 person-years of data from 63,886 subjects with ASD. The multivariable regression analysis showed that prior physical health conditions were associated with elevated risk for ED visit. In particular, prior injuries posted the highest risk of ED utilization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.54; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.35–2.75). Epilepsy and gastrointestinal (GI) problems were also found to be strongly associated with the increased ED utilization (epilepsy: 2.34; 2.10–2.60; GI problems: 2.16; 1.97–2.37). Conclusions This study indicated that individuals with co-occurring physical health conditions appear to be at a high risk for ED visit in adolescents with ASD. These identified risk factors may serve as effective intervention points to refine current standards of care for this historically under-served population.
Radiation Detection Using n-Type 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layer Surface Barrier Detectors

While CdZnTe (CZT) is one of the best materials for room-temperature radiation detection, they are not quite suitable for high-temperature or harsh-environment applications. This chapter discusses the fabrication and characterization of high-resolution 4H-SiC epitaxial detectors, which are appropriate for use in harsh environments like high temperature, chemically reactive and corrosive environments, and most importantly high-dose nuclear radiation environments. Schottky barrier diodes on thin (≤20 μm) 4H-SiC epitaxial layer detectors have been found to be a very promising device for charged particle detection at room and elevated temperatures. While such thin epitaxial layers are sufficient to stop energetic charged particle like alpha particles, highly penetrating radiations such as X- and γ-rays need thicker epitaxial layers to enable substantial photon absorption. This chapter discusses the fabrication of Schottky barrier radiation detectors in n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers with different thicknesses (20, 50, and 150 μm); their characterization in terms of alpha, X-rays, and γ-detection; and evaluation of the factors like deep-level defects which regulate their performance as radiation detectors.
Postembryonic Development and Regeneration of the Insect Nervous System

Publisher Summary Developmental changes in the anatomy of the nervous and muscular system of many insects have been described, however apart from the experimental studies of muscle development and regression little is known of the morphogenetic mechanisms in either muscle or nerve, and of these, the nervous system is the less understood. The postembryonic development of the insect nervous system is especially relevant to recent developments in neuroembryology and questions of the nature of neural specificity. Advances in knowledge of the ontogeny of the nervous system, which have been made almost exclusively with vertebrates, stress the capacity of differentiating neurons for forming complex and specific connections during early stages. This chapter also describes patterns of development in the nervous system, the source of neurons and glia, post embryonic development of the brain and sense organs of the head, cell death in the developing nervous system, and regeneration in the nervous system.
Creativity, Caring, and Context: Women's and Men's Accounts of Humor Preferences and Practices

Empirical research on humor has perpetuated, rather than challenged, stereotypes of the humorless female. Among other biases, it has neglected participants' own definitions of “sense of humor” and their own accounts of their preferences and practices. In this study, 203 participants (72 males, 131 females) answered a 68-item Humor Questionnaire and also wrote a narrative about a person with an outstanding sense of humor. Factor analysis of the questionnaire revealed ten dimensions of humor, with four of the ten producing gender differences. Content analysis of the narratives produced a detailed account of the participants' definition of sense of humor. Both males and females viewed creativity, contextual relevance, and caring as components of an outstanding sense of humor. Gender similarities and differences are discussed in relation to the conversational context of spontaneous humor.