cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Teaching Modalities and Fidelity of Simulation Levels in Teaching Resuscitation Scenarios.

Introduction The purpose of our study was to examine the ability of novices to learn selected aspects of Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) in training conditions that did not incorporate simulation compared to those that contained low- and high-fidelity simulation activities. We sought to determine at what level additional educational opportunities and simulation fidelity become superfluous with respect to learning outcomes. Methods Totally 39 medical students and physician assistant students were randomly assigned to 4 training conditions: control (lecture only), video-based didactic instruction, low-, and high-fidelity simulation activities. Participants were assessed using a baseline written pretest of ACLS knowledge. Following this, all participants received a lecture outlining ACLS science and algorithm interpretation. Participants were then trained in specific aspects of ACLS according to their assigned instructional condition. After training, each participant was assessed via a Megacode performance examination and a written posttest. Results All groups performed significantly better on the written posttest compared with the pretest (p Conclusion Video-based and simulation-based training is associated with better learning outcomes when compared with traditional didactic lectures only. Video-based, low-fidelity, and high-fidelity simulation training yield equivalent outcomes, which may indicate that high-fidelity simulation is superfluous for the novice trainee.
ATV-RELATED DEATHS IN WEST VIRGINIA; 1990-2003

During the 14-year period from 1990-2003, West Virginia experienced 220 deaths related to All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). Death rates in West Virginia however, were significantly higher than the national rate or those of any of the its five surrounding states. About 25% of the West Virginia deaths occurred in children less than 18 years of age. Ninety-five percent of the victims were not wearing helmets and 15% were passengers. Nearly one-third of the ATV crashes occurred on public roads, streets, and highways--surfaces on which ATVs are not designed nor recommended to be used. The cost of ATV-related deaths is estimated to be over dollar 100 million annually. The number of non-fatal injuries resulting from ATV crashes is difficult to ascertain because of a lack of a centralized and standardized state-based surveillance mechanism. The 44 states that have some level of ATV safety requirements have a collective death rate half that of states, like West Virginia, who do not have ATV safety requirements. Due to the continuing public health burden caused by ATV deaths and injuries, as well as their associated costs, it is important that West Virginia policymakers pass strong ATV safety legislation during the current session.
Ramifications of software implementation and deployment: A case study on yaw moment controller design

Automotive controllers are often first designed in a simulation environment using continuous time models of the controller and vehicle plant. Unfortunately, the controller's implementation in software and deployment onto a microcontroller has ramifications for performance and cost. In this paper, we use an automotive case study of a yaw moment controller to demonstrate that these ramifications can and should be modeled, investigated, and accounted for early in the design process. More specifically, we evaluate and compare the effects of sampling period, timing delay, jitter, code size, and execution time for three yaw moment controllers, with insights applicable to control design in general.
Fleeing from the Elephant: Language, Cognition and Post-Skinnerian Behavior Analytic Science.

Abstract The present set of papers show that leaders in the field of organizational behavior management are grappling with issues of human language and cognition. That is a good and necessary step for the field, but the solutions proposed are worrisome: adopting principles from non-behavioral psychology, adopting principles from introspection that have not been empirically validated, returning to methodological behaviorism, or appealing to non-empirical interpretations using traditional behavioral principles. In this paper I argue that these are the wrong solutions, being taken for the right reasons. There is a need for an analysis of language and cognition, but it will be found neither in other forms of psychology nor in traditional Skinnerian thinking on the topic. I suggest instead that OBM look at the data that exists in contemporary basic behavior analysis on the topic, particularly in the area of Relational Frame Theory. That work is a vigorous area of research, and its applied implications are sign...
Use of computerized pattern recognition in the study of the cuticular hydrocarbons of imported fire ants. I. Introduction and characterization of the cuticular hydrocarbon patterns of Solenopsis invicta and S. richteri.

Abstract A method is described in which gas chromatographic (GC) data obtained from cuticular hydrocarbons are treated by methods of pattern recognition. Based on a recently described sample preparation procedure, GC data are normalized to eliminate slight variations in Chromatographie conditions and converted into the proper format for discriminant analysis by computer. The results of several methods of data treatment and display are discussed, based upon the chemometric system package, ARTHUR. The approach has the advantage of largely removing operator bias.
Uncoupling Oxygen Transfer and Electron Transfer in the Oxygenation of Camphor Analogues by Cytochrome P450-CAM DIRECT OBSERVATION OF AN INTERMOLECULAR ISOTOPE EFFECT FOR SUBSTRATE C-H ACTIVATION

The hydroxylation of (1R)-camphor by cytochrome P450-CAM involves almost complete coupling of electron to oxygen transfer. Modifications at C-5 of camphor, the normal site of hydroxylation by P450-CAM, lead to as much as 98% uncoupling of electron and oxygen transfer as well as to decreases in the rate of electron uptake (up to 10-fold) and the rate of oxygenated product formation (up to 210-fold). Two modes of uncoupling are seen: (a) two-electron uncoupling in which the decrease in oxygenated product formation is balanced by increases in H2O2 formation and (b) four-electron "oxidase" uncoupling where the NADH/O2 ratio has changed from one to nearly two and relatively little H2O2 is formed. Both enantiomers of 5-methylenylcamphor are two-electron uncouplers, while (1R)- and (1S)-5,5-difluorocamphor and (1R)-9,9,9-d3-5,5-difluorocamphor are four-electron uncouplers. An intermolecular isotope effect of 11.7 is observed for oxygenation of C-9 in (1R)-5,5-difluorocamphor. With this substrate, the significant decrease in the rate of oxygenated product formation combined with the large isotope effect suggest that the rate-limiting step has switched from electron to oxygen transfer.
Student Factors Affecting Performance in an MSW Research and Statistics Course

A review of the literature indicates that little empirical knowledge exists about what influences learning in master of social work (MSW) research courses. The current study presents data on selected student characteristics and course performance collected from 162 students in several sections of an MSW foundation research course in a single university. The sections had the same curricular content but were taught by four instructors with quite different professional backgrounds and teaching styles. Student performance did not differ across the different instructors. Undergraduate grade point average was positively correlated with performance, and having an undergraduate major in social service was negatively correlated, but other student characteristics were unrelated to performance.
Red wolf natal dispersal characteristics: comparing periods of population increase and stability

We analyzed natal dispersal characteristics for 79 red wolves in the first long-term dispersal analysis for this species. Variables analyzed included straight-line dispersal distance, duration, timing, age, direction, and evidence of natal habitat preference induction of dispersers. We compared these values during a time when the population was increasing (1990–1998) to a period when the numbers had leveled off (1999–2007) and stabilized. We found no difference in average dispersal distance, duration or age between the two periods, and no gender bias in these characteristics. Yearlings/adults dispersed shorter distances (29.5 km) than pups (42.5 km) from 1999 to 2007 and decreased their dispersal distances during this period. After 1999, dispersals occurred 11 months of the year (compared with 7 months in 1990–1998), and the peak in pup dispersal timing shifted from December to January. The peak in dispersal timing was also significantly later for pups than yearlings/adults in 1999–2007. Dispersal direction was not random and there was a preference for a westward dispersal direction, attributed to the avoidance of water and a preference for agriculture. Natal habitat preference induction was also evident in dispersers during both time periods.
Characterization of Human and Mouse Angiopoietin-like Factor CDT6 Promoters

PURPOSE Angiogenesis refers to the latter stage of vascular development. It has been reported that angiopoietin-like factor cornea-derived transcript 6 (CDT6) encodes a protein homologous to angiopoietins that could play a critical role in blocking a receptor of angiopoietin (Tie2) and therefore contribute to the avascularity and transparency of the cornea in the developing embryo and the adult. This study was focused on isolation and characterization of the CDT6 promoter. METHODS Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) was used to isolate the CDT6 promoter from an adaptor-ligated genomic DNA fragment library and to identify the transcription initiation site of the CDT6 gene. The RNase protection assay was performed to confirm the initiation site. The sequence similarity, binding sites for putative transcription factors, and transcriptional activity of human and mouse CDT6 promoters were compared. Corneal and noncorneal cells from humans and other animals were transiently transfected with CDT6 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs to analyze the transcriptional activity of the promoter. RESULTS A 2956-bp human CDT6 promoter fragment and a 3142-bp mouse CDT6 promoter fragment were isolated. The major transcription initiation sites of the human and mouse CDT6 genes were located at 224 and 168 bp, respectively, upstream of the translation initiation site. Human and mouse CDT6 promoter sequences were very similar. Both promoters were minus TATA and CAAT boxes close to the transcription initiation site. Transfection into human corneal and noncorneal cells and into nonhuman cells revealed that the human CDT6 promoter probably contains positive and negative cis-regulatory elements that modulate cell, tissue, and species specificity. The human CDT6 promoter contains four interferon (IFN)-stimulated response elements (ISREs). No ISREs could be identified in the mouse promoter. IFN-alpha stimulated transcriptional activity of the human promoter. CONCLUSIONS The human and mouse CDT6 promoters have similar sequences and share many cis-regulatory elements. IFN-alpha appears to have an important role in regulating transcription of the human, but not the mouse, CDT6 promoter.
Information Systems Project Management: A Process and Team Approach

For undergraduate and graduate courses in IT/IS Project Management.Information Systems Project Management operates from the assumption that organizational project management is a complex team-based activity, and that various types of technologies are an inherent part of the project management process.
Expression of stem cell markers nestin and cytokeratin 15 and 19 in cutaneous malignancies

Background Emerging evidence is implicating stem cells in the pathogenesis of different cutaneous neoplasms. The immunohistochemical use of stem cell markers has facilitated stem cell identification. While few studies have examined the expression of cytokertatin (CK)15 and cytokeratin (CK)19 in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), only rarely have nestin expression been examined in these two malignancies. Furthermore, stem cell marker expression, to the best of our knowledge, has not been examined in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Methods In this study, we examined the expression of stem cell markers CK15, CK19 and nestin in 51 overall cases (11 cases of MCC and 20 cases each of BCC and SCC) retrieved from the pathology files of Skin Pathology Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine. Results Cytokeratin 15 immunoreactivity was observed in 30% of BCC cases and only a single (5%) SCC case, while all MCC cases were negative. While 60% of BCC cases and 30% of SCC cases stained positively with CK19, all MCC cases showed positive immunostaining in a dot-like pattern. While negative in BCC and MCC, nestin expression was interestingly seen in 45% of SCC cases. Conclusions Our study described the expression profiles of stem cell markers CK15, CK19 and nestin in BCC, SCC and MCC. In addition to confirming results of the previous reports, our study also showed positive nestin expression in around half of SCC cases, which adds this malignancy to the cutaneous tumours that have been so far reported to exhibit nestin expression.
Water-Soluble and Optically pH-Sensitive Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Surface Modification

There is great interest in using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as nanoscale probes and sensors in biological electronics and optical devices because the electronic and optical properties of SWNTs are extremely sensitive to the surrounding environments. A well-controlled modification of SWNT surfaces may provide unique interfaces that are sensitive to the biological variables such as pH, glucose, various ions and proteins. In this paper, we report a facile chemical routine to prepare water-soluble SWNTs that still retain their van Hove singularities after acid oxidative treatment. The aqueous solutions (0.03−0.15 mg/mL) are stable for more than a month. The solubility in water for as-treated SWNTs with surfaces modified by carboxylate groups provides us with a unique opportunity to reveal the relationship of the SWNT electronic and optical properties with pH. Here we present the first observation that after surface modification with carboxylate groups, the optical absorption of the first interband...
Studies of adrenal corticosteroids. I. Estimation of plasma corticosterone and cortisol.

A method is presented consisting of modifications of Sweat's original fluorometric technic for the estimation of corticosterone and cortisol in plasma. These modifications include substitution of ethyl acetate for chloroform as the extracting solvent, replacement of the pentane-alcohol partition step by Florisil chromatography and replacement of the mercury arc lamp for excitation light by a more monochromatic light source. These changes appear to have improved the specificity of the method. In young adults, plasma concentrations of 3.0 μg. per 100 ml. for corticostrone and 10.9 μg. per 100 ml. for cortisol were obtained. Considerable individual difference was observed when comparing the fluorometric value for cortisol with the Nelson-Samuels value for 17-OHCS. General problems remain concerning the identification and quantitation of corticosterone, as indicated by the disparity among values obtained for corticosterone in peripheral human plasma by the various methods used.
902-4 Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis of Routine High Pressure Balloon Post-Dilatation After Palmaz-Schatz Stent Deployment

To examine the effect of routine high pressure post-dilation (HPD) following Palmaz-Schatz stent deployment, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to measure stent expansion and luminal cross sectional area (LCSA) in 25 lesions (7 native vessels and 18 saphenous vein grafts). Following deployment, each stent was dilated to 14 atm with a non-compliant balloon regardless of angiographic appearance. QCA revealed a mean balloon size of 3.56 ± 0.52 mm, a balloon to artery ratio of 1.2, and a residual angiographic stenosis of -12.4%. IVUS was then performed within, as well as 5 mm proximal and distal to the stent. In a subset of 8 stents (32%), IVUS was also periormed before HPD. Measurements within the stent were compared to reference vessels 5 mm proximal and distal to the stent margins. HPD increased stent MLD from 2.9 to 3.5 mm (p = 0.03), and LCSA from 8.9 to 11.6 mm2(p = 0.01). LCSA was ≥ distal reference LCSA in 68%, ≥ proximal reference LCSA in 57%, and ≥ 60% of the average of proximal and distal reference vessel external elastic lamina areas (ECSA) in 96% of stents respectively. Minimum lumen diameter (MLD) was ≥ distal reference MLD and ≥ proximal reference MLD following HPD in 60% and 43% of stents respectively. By IVUS, struts appeared fully apposed to the arterial wall in 72% of stents, and the incidence of intraluminal dissection was only 2.4% following HPD. Download : Download high-res image (69KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions 1) HPD can be safely performed following stent placement and significantly increases LCSA and MLD. 2) It depends on which specific angiographic or IVUS criteria are used to define “optimal stenting”, whether routine post dilatation of Palmaz-Schatz stents with a non-compliant balloon to 14 atm is or is not effective in achieving these goals.
Political Orientation and Policy Involvement of City Managers: An Empirical Study of the Value-Activity Relationship

Research shows that city managers have adopted a political orientation toward their roles in an effort to increase their contributions to democratic governance. This paper asks the research question, does political orientation with its focus on collaboration, democratic principles, and representation impact political responsiveness and political neutrality? This study examines the relationship between these values, by specifying and testing four theoretical models of increasing complexity. Using survey data collected from a nationally representative sample of U.S. city managers, this study finds that politically orientated managers are more likely to get involved in the policy process. However, the impact of policy involvement on political responsiveness and political neutrality varies depending on the type of policy involvement. The findings of this research contribute to the literature on politics-administration relationship.
TOWARD AN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY

The chimeras of hope are fraught with delusions. In a post-ideological world, theories and constructs that shaped social realities in the past have undergone a metamorphosis of intent and content. The treacherous 9-11 debris, unfortunately, seems to herald the end of a civil society. However, social work education can truly universalise basic constructs of a society that transcends national boundaries toward world citizenship.
Nutrient concentrations in tree leaves on brown and gray reclaimed mine soils in West Virginia

Surface mining in Appalachia disrupts large areas of forested land. Federal and state laws require disturbed lands be reclaimed by re-constructing the landscape and replacing soil materials to provide a rooting medium. If insufficient quantities of native topsoil are available, substitute materials derived from the overburden may be used as soil media. This study examined soil and foliar nutrient concentrations of three hardwood tree species on areas where brown and gray sandstone overburden were applied as substitute growth media at the Birch River mine in West Virginia. Soil and foliar nutrient concentrations found in four experimental plots were compared to soil and foliar nutrient concentrations found in a nearby native Appalachian forest. Many foliar nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium were lower in all three tree species on most mine soils compared to trees growing in nearby native forest soils and to tree nutrient concentrations from the literature. Foliar and soil nutrient concentrations in the Brown mine soil were similar to those found in native forest soil, while the Gray mine soil provided significantly lower levels of nutrients. Overall, low nutrient availability in mine soils translates into generally lower foliar nutrient concentrations in trees growing on mine soils. After six years, amended topsoil substitutes and Brown mine soil produced higher foliar nutrient concentrations than Gray mine soil.
The microenvironmental effect in ion-complexing interpenetrating polymer networks

Abstract The effect of the microenvironment surrounding a ligand within a polymer is probed with metal ions and quantified by the corresponding binding constants. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) allow for the synthesis of well-defined substrate-complexing reagents. Poly(N-vinylimidazole) has been prepared within a polystyrene network and the ability of the imidazole ligand to complex Cu(II) and Co(II) ions determined. The microenvironment surrounding the imidazole ligand is varied by synthesizing polystyrene/poly(N-vinylimidazole-co-ethyl acrylate) IPNs where imidazole is replaced by increasing levels of weakly coordinating carboxylate ester groups. The strength of the imidazole-ion interaction is sensitive to the polymer microenvironment: as the imidazole/ester ratio decreasdes along the series 1 0 , 0.77 0.3 , 0.53 0.47 , 0.27/0.73, and 0 1 , the Cu(II) binding constants are 3130, 4134, 8203, 3108, and 0 N−1, respectively, and the Co(II) binding constants are 294, 270, 86, 129, and 0 N−1.
Use of a coping approach in the management of children with conversion reactions.

Abstract In some children with conversion reactions there is lack of certainty or agreement about the diagnosis and complicating organic factors when chronic symptoms are unrelieved by standard medical treatments. It is suggested that these children can be managed by stressing their need to cope: it is best for them to carry on with normal functioning, including lack of complaining. All family members must be involved. All mention of symptoms disappeared rapidly. Most children required therapeutic help during the treatment.
Ultrafine refractory particle formation in counterflow diffusion flames

Abstract The effect of process variables (percursor concentration, residence time, temperature, and electric field) on ceramic powder formation was studied using a counterflow diffusion dame burner. GeCl4 and SiCl4 were used as source materials for the formation of Ge02 and Si02 in hydrogen—oxygen flames. In-situ particle size and number density were determined using dynamic light scattering and 90° light scattering. A thermophoretic sampling method also was used to collect particles directly onto carbon coaled grids, and their size and morphology examined using transmission electron microscopy. Increasing the precursor concentration caused larger particles to form and enhanced surface growth effects; decreasing residence time favored homogeneous nucleation as the particle formation route; using higher temperatures resulted in a larger size for the fundamental particles but less aggregation. Using GeCl, in the presence of a 1250V/cm electric field, a three fold increase in particle size was obtained. Proc...
An Experimental Air Chiller-Wind Tunnel for Chilling Processed Poultry

Abstract An experimental air chiller-wind tunnel designed to chill processed poultry and other products is described. The unit is capable of air temperatures from 4° to –29° C. and air velocities from 0.5 to 8.1 m./sec.
The Seattle Teamsters and the procedural state, 1935–1942

The Teamsters Union often clashed with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) in Seattle between 1935 and 1942. At times the Seattle Teamsters resisted the NLRB, yet in other cases the union worked within the agency's procedures to expand. In the years after the Wagner Act, the Teamsters exploited the NLRB to block employees from choosing their own union. This article uses archival records to explore cases where the Seattle Teamsters successfully adapted to federal regulation of collective bargaining between 1935 and 1942. Seattle workers opposed to the Teamsters bravely fought to protect their right to organize, yet these employees faced a union skilled at working with the procedural state. These cases show the increasing ability of the Seattle Teamsters to enroll workers wary of the union by complying with NLRB rules.
Radiation trapping simulations using the propagator function method

Abstract An integral method of solving the Holstein-Biberman equation based on a propagator function is described. This method is used to solve the equation with a Lorentz lineshape in an infinite plane parallel geometry and a hollow spherical geometry. The method is ideal for solving for both the time dependent and the steady state density of resonance atoms which results from an arbitrary production rate per unit volume. The propagator function method is 100 times faster than the Monte Carlo method. The greater speed of the propagator function method makes it well suited to fully self-consistent kinetic simulations of glow discharge plasmas.
Prevalence of familial malignancy in a prospectively screened cohort of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders

Increasing evidence points to a heritable contribution in the development of lymphoma. The goal of this study was to determine the rate of familial lymphoproliferative malignancy among consecutive lymphoma patients presenting to a tertiary care center and to enroll families with multiple affected first-degree relatives on a data and tissue collection study. Beginning in 2004 all new patients presenting to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute with non-Hodgkin (NHL) or Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were asked to complete a one-page self-administered family history questionnaire. 55.4% of 1948 evaluable patients reported a first-degree relative with a malignancy, with the highest rate among CLL probands. Lymphoid malignancies were particularly common, with 9.4% of all probands reporting a first-degree relative with a related lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD). This frequency was again highest for CLL, at 13.3% of CLL probands, compared to 8.8% of NHL probands and 5.9% of HL probands (P = 0.002). The prevalence of CLL was significantly increased in parents of CLL probands (P < 0.05), and a greater risk of NHL was seen in fathers of NHL probands than in mothers (P = 0.026). We conclude that familial aggregation of LPDs is common among newly diagnosed patients, varies significantly by diagnosis and contributes meaningfully to the population disease burden.
Fat point modules over generalized Laurent polynomial rings

Abstract Recently a new construction of rings was introduced by Cassidy, Goetz, and Shelton. Some of these rings, called generalized Laurent polynomial rings, are quadratic Artin–Schelter regular algebras of global dimension 4. We study a family of such algebras which have finite-order point-scheme automorphisms but which are not finitely generated over their centers. Our main result is the classification of all fat point modules for each algebra in the family. We also consider the action of the shift functor τ and prove τ has infinite order on a fat point module F precisely when the center acts trivially on F . The proofs of these facts use the noncommutative geometry of some cubic Artin–Schelter regular algebras of global dimension 3.
Data curation in scientific teams: an exploratory study of condensed matter physics at a national science lab

The advent of big science has brought a dramatic increase in the amount of data generated as part of scientific investigation. The ability to capture and prepare such data for reuse has brought about an increased interest in data curation practices within scientific fields and venues such as national laboratories. This study employs semi-structured interviews with key scientists at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory to explore data management, curation, and sharing practices within a condensed matter physics community. Findings indicate that condensed matter physics is a highly varied field. The field's work practices and reward structures may impede the development and implementation of highly formalized curation policies focused on sharing data within the broader community. This study is an extension of a larger mixed-methods study to examine the life-cycles of virtual teams and will serve as a foundation for a larger survey of the lab's user community.
Two-dimensional quantum mechanical simulation of electron transport in nano-scaled Si-based MOSFETs

Abstract As the transistor dimensions scale down below the 100 nm regime, the reliability of semiclassical models of transport decreases. To offer additional insight into transport phenomena in these deeply scaled devices, simulation tools that treat non-local quantum transport and confinement effects without sacrificing the realistic treatment of scattering are needed. A unique non-equilibrium Green's function approach “Schrodinger equation Monte-Carlo” (SEMC) provides a physically rigorous approach to quantum transport and phase-breaking inelastic scattering via real (actual) scattering processes such as optical and acoustic phonon scattering. “One-dimensional” SEMC codes previously have been applied to model transport in systems such as quantum well lasers where the potential varies only along the nominal direction of transport, although with a fully three-dimensional (3D) treatment of scattering. In this paper, the development of a version of “SEMC-2D” code for electrostatically self-consistent treatment of quantum transport within devices with, additionally, quantum confinement normal to the direction of transport, is reported along with illustrative simulation results for nano-scaled SOI MOSFETs geometries.
Light at a standstill

Nothing travels faster than light, but how slow can light go? Pulses of light have already been slowed to speeds of just a few metres per second, but now they have been brought to a complete halt.
A study of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) processing products in human cerebrospinal fluid and in postmortem human brain.

Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is a neuropeptide of 11 kDa molecular size and is unevenly distributed in human and rat brain. It appears to function as a negative allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors. In the present paper, using antibodies directed against several synthetic peptides, which correspond to selective regions of human DBI (DBI 51–70, DBI 37–50, DBI 81–101), it is shown that DBI is processed into at least 6 peptide fragments in both postmortem human brain and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). One of these fragments was identified as the synthetic DBI 51–70 fragment (an eikosaneuropeptide, ENP) by combined Chromatographic procedures. Immunoblotting analysis of the other fragments, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), revealed an apparent molecular size, ranging from 3–4 kDa for four of them and a larger molecular form of 8 kDa. On the basis of the immunological properties, a tentative amino acid sequence was deduced.
Pap Smear Screening in Women 65 and Older

Pap smear screening in women 65 years of age and older is controversial. To assess the need to offer screening in this group, we examined Pap results of women 65 and older whose charts were reviewed as part of a cancer screening study in two San Francisco hospitals. Two hundred thirty women (41%) were 65 years of age or older (mean age, 73). Compared with younger women, they were less likely to have had a Pap smear during the past 3 years (61% versus 72%), less likely to have seen a gynecologist (24% versus 34%), and were more likely to have refused Pap screening (11% versus 5%). Of the 140 women who had Paps, five showed atypia (class 11). None exhibited dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. Those with atypia were all nonwhite. One had had a hysterectomy; two had a history of previously abnormal Paps. Overall, women with a history of abnormal Paps were far more likely to be screened (91% versus 58%). Those who had had a hysterectomy were significantly less likely to be screened (51% versus 68%). These results showed a low rate of cervical dysplasia/ carcinoma in older, low-income women. Although our sample was small, the low rate of abnormals may reflect the relatively high rate of prior screening in this population. Because older women are not likely to see gynecologists, primary care physicians should continue Pap screening in older women (including those with a history of hysterectomy) until a history of repeated, technically adequate, normal Pap smears is documented.
Development and implementation of group medical visits at a family medicine center.

Health care providers in the out-patient setting face constant pressure to increase productivity and meet the demands of an increasing number of patients with chronic diseases. As a result, relationships between patients and their providers have become strained.[1][1] Group medical visits may offer
Applications of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules expressed as single chains

Generation of CD8 T-cell responses to pathogens and tumors requires optimal expression of class I major histocompatibility complex/peptide complexes, which, in turn, is dependent on host cellular processing events and subject to interference by pathogens. To create a stable structure that is more immunogenic and resistant to immune evasion pathways, we have engineered class I molecules as single-chain trimers (SCTs), with flexible linkers connecting peptide, β2m, and heavy chain. Herein we extend our earlier studies with SCTs to the Kb ligand derived from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to characterize further SCTs as probes of immune function as well as their potential in immunotherapy. The VSVp-β2m-Kb SCTs were remarkably stable at the cell surface, and immunization with DNA encoding SCTs elicited complex-specific antibody. In addition, SCTs were detected by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes specific for the native molecule, and the covalently bound peptide was highly resistant to displacement by exogenous peptide. SCTs can also prime CD8 T-cells in vivo that recognize the native molecule. Furthermore, SCTs were resistant to downregulation by the immune evasion protein mK3 of γherpesvirus 68. Moreover, owing to their preassembled nature, SCTs should be resistant to other immune evasion proteins that restrict peptide supply. Thus, SCTs possess therapeutic potential both for prophylactic treatment and for the treatment of ongoing infection.
Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Ethylene Polymerization Activity of Bis(imino)pyridine Cobalt Alkyl Cations

A new spin on polymers: the title cations comprise low-spin Co(II) centers with neutral bis(imino)pyridine chelating ligands. These complexes serve as single-component ethylene polymerization catalysts and offer insight into the mechanism of chain growth and catalyst deactivation, which occurs by forming inactive cationic bis(imino)pyridine cobalt complexes with a diethyl ether ligand.
Recombinant polypeptide from the gp48 region of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) detects serum antibodies in vaccinated and infected cattle

To characterize the immune response of cattle to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) glycoprotein gp48, we have produced a large amount of recombinant glutathione-s-transferase-gp48 (GST-gp48) fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Antibodies to gp48 were present in cattle vaccinated with killed or modified-live virus vaccination, or following natural infection. These results were in agreement with results of serum neutralization (SN) test which detected gp53 of BVDV.
The effects of state and local antidiscrimination policies on earnings for gays and lesbians

In the last 25 years, many cities and counties, as well as a few states, have adopted policies that prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in private or public employment. These policies may increase earnings for gays and lesbians by decreasing discrimination in hiring, firing, promotion, or pay. This study uses data from the 1990 U.S. census to estimate the effects of these policies on individual earnings and household income. The results suggest that the policies have been adopted in places with higher earnings and that same-sex couples are more likely to live in areas that have adopted policies. However, after controlling for individual and location characteristics, the results show no evidence of a direct effect of antidiscrimination policies on average earnings or income for members of same-sex couples. Antidiscrimination policies may be more important both for a small number of individuals and as symbols of full citizenship and legitimacy for gays and lesbians.
The effects of predation by the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus (L.), on the abundance and distribution of the salt marsh snail, Melampus bidentatus (Say)

Abstract Enclosure and exclosure experiments were conducted in Canary Creek marsh to examine how predation by a killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus (L.), affects the abundance and size distribution of the salt marsh snail, Melampus bidentatus (Say). Enclosures (7.6 × 19.7 m ) were stocked with Fundulus heteroclitus at densities of one-half normal, normal, twice normal, and four times normal density. Fish exclusion pens were also built. In both years of study, the mean density of snails increased significantly in pens where fish were excluded or their density reduced. During the same period in each year, the density of snails in pens containing higher than normal fish density fell by ≈50%. Fish density also affected the size distribution of snails within pens. In both years, mean shell length of snails in the pen with the highest density of fish was significantly greater, and mean shell length of snails within fish exclusion pens was significantly lower than in all other treatments. Gape size limitation of F. heteroclitus causes selective predation on small snails and apparently is responsible for the difference in mean shell length among treatments. Density and size distribution measurements of the natural Melampus bidentatus population in Canary Creek marsh were also taken. Larger snails were found to occur in the low marsh zone, whereas smaller snails occurred in the high marsh zone. Since the high marsh area is flooded less often than the low marsh, and the grass types found in the high marsh zone are known to afford protection from fish predation, the distribution of snails in the marsh is consistent with the idea that fish predation is an important factor influencing the distribution of snails in Canary Creek marsh.
Cripto-1 Is a Cell Surface Marker for a Tumorigenic, Undifferentiated Subpopulation in Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

Deregulation of stem cells is associated with the generation and progression of malignant tumors. In addition, genes that are associated with early embryogenesis are frequently expressed in cancer. Cripto-1 (CR-1), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein, is expressed during early embryogenesis and in various human carcinomas. We demonstrated that human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are heterogeneous for CR-1 expression and consist of two distinct subpopulations: a CR-1High and a CR-1Low population. By segregating CR-1High and CR-1Low populations of NTERA2/D1 EC cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we demonstrated that CR-1High cells were more tumorigenic than CR-1Low cells by an in vitro tumor sphere assay and by in vivo xenograft formation. The CR-1High population was enriched in mRNA expression for the pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell genes Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. CR-1 expression in NTERA2/D1 cells was regulated by a Smad2/3-dependent autocrine loop, by the ES cell-related transcription factors Oct4/Nanog, and partially by the DNA methylation status of the promoter region. These results demonstrate that CR-1 expression is enriched in an undifferentiated, tumorigenic subpopulation and is regulated by key regulators of pluripotent stem cells. STEM CELLS 2010;28:1303–1314
Deep-Space Transceivers—An Innovative Approach to Spacecraft Communications

Spacecraft for deep space come in a variety of sizes as befits their missions, from the large, flagship-class spacecraft such as Cassini or Galileo to smaller craft such as New Horizons (Pluto) or Lunar and Martian landers classified by NASA as Discovery or New Frontiers missions. All missions are constrained in mass, power, or cost, or frequently all three. A communications system that reduces demands on these resources enables, for example, either increased science return (by devoting more resources to the payload) or more such missions to be flown (by helping to meet critical mass or power margins). In this paper, we review the evolution and current capabilities of deep-space transponders and transceivers, noting the differences that lend themselves to particular classes of missions. We report on the development of a flexible, low-power, low-cost, deep-space transceiver architecture for competed mission sets such as Discovery, Mars Scout, and New Frontiers, one that possesses unique communications and radio science capabilities. This state-of-the-art transceiver architecture leverages from high-performance commercial integrated circuit technology and frequency synthesis and digital signal-processing techniques, lending itself to integration, miniaturization, and further power reduction. A transceiver based on this architecture, developed for the space-borne New Horizons spacecraft's primary communications link and uplink radio science experiment, is reviewed in this paper. We conclude discussion of the modern deep-space transceiver architecture with a description of near-term and long-term future functional and performance communications and radio science enhancements to the transceiver.
Internal strains and stresses measured in cortical bone via high-energy X-ray diffraction.

Abstract High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to study internal stresses in bone under in situ compressive loading. A transverse cross-section of a 12–14 year old beagle fibula was studied with 80.7 keV radiation, and the transmission geometry was used to quantify internal strains and corresponding stresses in the mineral phase, carbonated hydroxyapatite. The diffraction patterns agreed with tabulated patterns, and the distribution of diffracted intensity around 00.2/00.4 and 22.2 diffraction rings was consistent with the imperfect 00.1 fiber texture expected along the axis of a long bone. Residual compressive stress along the bone’s longitudinal axis was observed in the specimen prior to testing: for 22.2 this stress equaled −95 MPa and for 00.2/00.4 was between −160 and −240 MPa. Diffraction patterns were collected for applied compressive stresses up to −110 MPa, and, up to about −100 MPa, internal stresses rose proportionally with applied stress but at a higher rate, corresponding to stress concentration in the mineral of 2.8 times the stress applied. The widths of the 00.2 and 00.4 diffraction peaks indicated that crystallite size perpendicular to the 00.1 planes increased from t = 41 nm before stress was applied to t = 44 nm at −118 MPa applied stress and that rms strain erms rose from 2200 μe before loading to 4600 μe at the maximum applied stress. Small angle X-ray scattering of the unloaded sample, recorded after deformation was complete, showed a collagen D-period of 66.4 nm (along the bone axis).
Secondary ion mass spectrometry characterization of indium-implanted silicon wafers

Abstract Indium is a key element in the formation of well, channel, and halo profiles in semiconductor fabrication. Indium has the advantage of being a large atom with a small projected range, creating a steeper implant profile than the boron implant used in the past [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology, ITT, 2002]. Typically, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is used to provide implant profiles; however, when a set of indium-implanted samples were analyzed on the Cameca IMS-6F, non-repeatability of the implant profile was observed in the samples that had not received an oxide spacer prior to implantation. This non-repeatability was not observed when the same samples were analyzed on the Perkin-Elmer 6300 quadrupole secondary ion mass spectrometer. Several reasons for this were hypothesized: (1) an amorphous layer was being created due to the large size of the indium atom; (2) increased damage and surface roughening occurred on the samples that did not receive an oxide layer prior to implantation; (3) Gibbsian segregation similar to that of Cu in SiO2 was being observed [Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Wiley, New York, 1989, p. 2.2-1]; and (4) sample heating was changing the thermodynamic properties of the samples. To explore these possibilities, two sets of indium-implanted samples—with and without spacer oxide—were analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface roughness and with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for differences in amorphization. SIMS analysis was also conducted on both types of dynamic SIMS instruments to develop an analytical protocol for determining the indium implant profile. Repeatable results, consistent with analysis on the quadrupole SIMS, were obtained by utilizing the cold finger on the Cameca 6F.
Criminal Activity in the Deep South, 1700-1930: An Annotated Bibliography

Introduction Chronology Region Alabama Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Fiction Films Drama Sources Author/Editor Index Personal Name Index Subject Index
Properties Of Optical Elements With Ultra-High Spatial Frequency Surface Corrugations

In this paper we discuss the properties of optical elements fabricated by holographically recording an ultra-high spatial-frequency pattern in a photoresist mask followed by reactive ion etching to transfer this pattern into the surface of a quartz substrate. Such optical elements are envionmentally durable, potentially easy to replicate, and exhibit diffraction efficiencies in excess of 85%. In addition, two other properties are reported. Such elements at normal (00) incidence are antireflective, with broadband reflection coefficients as low as 0.035%. Also, the elements exhibit artificially produced birefringence making them useful as wave plates. These results may be particularly significant in the UV and IR, where damage-resistant antireflection coatings and transparent birefringent materials may not exist.
Ankylosed teeth as abutments for palatal expansion in the rhesus monkey

The maxillary permanent lateral incisors of three rhesus monkeys were intentionally ankylosed by a replantation and splinting technique. A 1-pound expansion force was applied to the ankylosed teeth for 5 to 15 weeks. The intermaxillary and interpremaxillary sutural expansion was monitored radiographically during the experimental period. Two animals were killed for histologic examination after 13 and 23 weeks, and the third animal was monitored radiographically for 21 weeks. Skeletal expansion of the maxilla was achieved without concomitant buccal tipping of the abutment teeth. Osteoid tissue was deposited on localized areas of the resorbed cementum and dentin of the ankylosed teeth. The periodontal ligament showed atrophic and degenerative changes similar to those found with increased age in human beings.