cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyberbullying : what are the psychological profiles of bullies, victims, and bully-victims?

The purposes of the present study were to classify youth into subgroups based on their involvement in cyberbullying, to examine group differences in terms of internalizing problems, and to examine moderator effects of peer relationships and sex. The research questions of the present study were: 1) Are there any differences between bullies, victims, bully-victims, and those not involved in cyberbullying, in terms of their internalizing problems (self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and stress)?; 2) Are there moderating effects of peer relationships between these groups and their internalizing problems?; and 3) Are there moderating effects of sex between these groups and their internalizing problems? In the present study, a cyberbullying survey was conducted with 463 public middle and high school students in central Texas. The participants were selected from two different school districts to include diverse samples. Students' cyberbullying experiences, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, stress, and peer relationships were measured. As a result of group classification, 2.3% of the participants were categorized in the victim group, 2.0% were in the bully group, 10.9% were in the bully-victim group, and the rest of the students (84.9%) were categorized in the not-involved group. Participants who were involved reported higher levels of internalizing problems than those who were not involved. Among them, the bully-victim group scored significantly higher on depression, anxiety, and stress compared to the rest of the groups. With regard to interaction effects of peer relationship and sex, practical effects were very small. These findings indicate that both males and females have equal risk of developing internalizing problems due to cyberbullying and better peer relationship was not a strong buffer against internalizing problems.
Wide-Area Control Resiliency Using Redundant Communication Paths

With significant investment made in the U.S. in deploying synchrophasor measurement technology, more wide-area measurements will be available and controls based on these signals are likely to be adopted. Communication systems play a critical role in interactive grid control as an indispensable medium to transmit wide-area measurements; however, they are vulnerable to disruptions leading to the risk of destabilizing power systems. This work addresses a critical issue related to engineering resilient cyber-physical systems. The proposed framework utilizes a hierarchical set of wide-area measurements for control and employs channel switching based on mathematical morphology identification to counteract the impact of communication failures on control effectiveness. The proposed control framework incorporating a set of synchronized wide-area measurements is designed to consist of multiple single-input single-output supplementary damping controllers associated with a static VAr compensator. This work is particularly important with regard to leveraging the large investment in installing phasor measurement units across the nation.
The Amino Acids and Sugars in Honeydew of the Tuliptree Scale, Toumeyella liriodendri, and in the Sap of Its Host, Yellow-Poplar

Eight amino acids and amides (lysine, glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagine, alanine, valine, and serine) and 4 sugars (fructose, glucose, ramnose, and galacturonic acid) were identified by paper chromatography, both in the honeydew of the tuliptree scale, Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin), and in the sap of its host, Liriodentron tulipifera L. (yellow-poplar). Sucrose was the most abundant sugar in the sap, but was completely digested by the scale and did not appear in the honeydew; this situation has not been described previously for coccids. However, maltose or a maltoselike product was found in the honeydew, as were the amino acids tyrosine and isoleucine, and these 3 are considered waste products.
Screening Efficacy of Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Biotypes and Genic Systems for Resistance in Alfalfa

Alfalfa, Medicago salim L., cultivars ‘Lahontan,’ ‘Hayden,’ ‘UC Cargo,’ and ‘Caliverde 65’ were screened and evaluated for resistance to biotypes Band H of the spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA), Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Surviving plants screened by biotype B or H were evaluated simultaneously for resistance to both biotypes, then were rated by their response to each biotype. There was a significant differential resistance to biotype B among cultivars screened by biotype B. Some of these plants in each cultivar were resistant to biotype H, thus showing combined resistance to both biotypes. These results suggested there was a number of selected plants from each cultivar that expressed genes for horizontal resistance. There was no differential resistance to biotype H among cultivars that had been screened by biotype H, but all surviving plants resistant to biotype H also were resistant to biotype B. Screening by biotype H detected significantly more ‘Lahontan’ plants having combined resistance than did screening by biotype B. Vertical resistance to SAA was demonstrated in the cultivars ‘Moapa,’ ‘Moapa 69,’ ‘Sonora,’ ‘Sonora 70,’ ‘Mesa-Sirsa,’ and experimental-line MSTT. Horizontal resistance to five SAA biotypes was demonstrated in three parent clones and in ca. 17% of the progeny of ‘Lahontan.’ We found an indication of horizontal resistance in ‘Mesa-Sirsa’ and MSTT.
Methods to Improve the Accuracy of Acoustic Measurements in Small Scale High Speed Jets

This paper focuses on methods to improve the accuracy of acoustic measurements in small scale high speed jet experiments. In such experiments the acoustic spectra contain significant energy up to 100 kHz which challenges the accuracy of present methods. Different physical effects alter the response of conventional 1/8” condenser microphones in this high frequency range. The electronic circuitry produces actuator variations in response with frequency. Refraction effects around the sensitive portion of the microphone produce free-field variations with frequency. Angulations of the microphone with the oncoming acoustic field also produce significant free-field variations. While examining these effects, an extensive series of measurements in the acoustic field of transonic and supersonic jets has demonstrated that for improved accuracy, the published free-field response of the microphones needs to be substantially altered to provide (significantly) improved accuracy of the measurements. This is required when the microphones are aligned for grazing incidence which can also provide some improvement in performance. The current study proposes to replace the published free-field response by an empirical free-field response experimentally determined. In addition the atmospheric attenuation correction is being simultaneously applied to all data. Application to measured data gives encouraging results validating the capability of the method to produce accurate measurements even at the highest response frequencies of the microphones.
Uplift: Happiness and Communication in the Context of Cancer

Uplift, addresses the quality of life of cancer patients—identifying opportunities that cultivate joy and happiness, and strengthening the support group around the patient. Based on a hypothesis that through design, joy and humor can positively change most experiences—and inspired by the revolutionary physician Hunter Doherty (popularly known as “Patch Adams”), advocate of humor, fun, and love in healthcare—Ilhan (author) investigated how design could touch people at an emotional level, especially in situations where they feel most vulnerable. The Uplift project aims to help improve the quality of life of cancer patients and caregivers by using design to provide new tools and services that support them—both emotionally and socially. Most of the concepts created in the thesis can be used by a variety of people suffering from a wide range of conditions—from chronic to life-threatening—but can also aid in the everyday context of a hospital visit.
Brand Loyalty and Online Brand Communities: Is Brand Loyalty Being Strengthened Through Social Media?

This research explores the use of the online social media network Pinterest in brand-to-consumer engagement and brand loyalty. The basis of the study was formed upon previous research on brand loyalty, online brand communities, brand experiences, and emotional connections to brands. Brand loyalty is defined in this study as pins, likes, or comments on a post by one of three food brands: Cooking Light, Food Network, and Kraft Foods. Content analyses were conducted over a two-week period to observe the number and types of posts by the three brands and the interaction with their Pinterest followers. It was found that consumers who engage with brands on social networks sites, such as Pinterest, do have positive brand experiences, which has been previously linked to increased brand loyalty.
Solely Biomass-Derived Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): Conversion of Bio-based Isoprene and Acrolein to p-Xylene and Terephthalic Acid

There exist significant challenges in the synthesis of solely biomass-derived p-xylene and terephthalic acid (TPA), the monomer precursors of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Herein, we describe a flexible synthetic route to prepare either p-xylene or TPA from biomass-derived isoprene and acrolein, which avoids harsh reaction conditions such as high pressure or extreme low temperature. The route starts from 4-methyl-cyclohex-3-enecarbaldehyde, the product of Diels-Alder reaction of isoprene and acrolein. Then p-xylene was successfully obtained by subsequent reduction and aromatization reactions using either environment-friendly solvents or in neat. In addition, this route was further modified for a process to prepare both p-xylene and TPA. By using the same intermediate after Diels-Alder reaction, an aromatization reaction was followed by a reduction to p-xylene or an oxidation to directly TPA in an overall yield of 32% over three steps.
Pressures of Wilderness Improvised Wound Irrigation Techniques: How Do They Compare?

Objective Compare the pressures measured by improvised irrigation techniques to a commercial device and to prior reports. Methods Devices tested included a commercial 500-mL compressible plastic bottle with splash guard, a 10-mL syringe, a 10-mL syringe with a 14-ga angiocatheter (with needle removed), a 50-mL Sawyer syringe, a plastic bag punctured with a 14-ga needle, a plastic bottle with cap punctured by a 14-ga needle, a plastic bottle with sports top, and a bladder-style hydration system. Each device was leveled on a support, manually compressed, and aimed toward a piece of glass. A high-speed camera placed behind the glass recorded the height of the stream upon impact at its highest and lowest point. Measurements were recorded 5 times for each device. Pressures in pounds per square inch (psi) were calculated. Results The syringe and angiocatheter pressures measured the highest pressures (16–49 psi). The 50-mL syringe (7–11 psi), 14-ga punctured water bottle (7–25 psi), and water bottle with sports top (3–7 psi) all measured at or above the commercial device (4–5 psi). Only the bladder-style hydration system (1–2 psi) and plastic bag with 14-ga needle puncture (2–3 psi) did not reach pressures generated by the commercial device. Conclusions Pressures are consistent with those previously reported. All systems using compressible water bottles and all syringe-based systems provided pressures at or exceeding a commercial wound irrigation device. A 14-ga punctured plastic bag and bladder-style hydration pack failed to generate similar irrigation pressures.
Plasma Circulating Ki-67 Index as a Biomarker and Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Abstract 1261 Poster Board I-283 Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen that is expressed in all stages of the cell cycle except G and is widely used as a marker of cellular proliferation in human tumors. We recently demonstrated that levels of plasma circulating Ki-67 (cKi-67) are significantly higher in patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) than in healthy control subjects, and that elevated levels of cKi-67 are associated with a shorter survival in ALL patients. Here we examined the associations of cKi-67 levels with laboratory and clinical variables in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The study included 194 patients with CLL and 96 healthy control subjects. The cKi-67 levels in plasma were determined using electro-chemiluminescence-based immunoassay using the Mesoscale Discovery platform. Since usually Ki-67 is used as an index of tumor cell proliferation, we took into account the lymphocyte count of the CLL patients in peripheral blood and normalized the levels of the cKi67 to the absolute number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood establishing plasma cKI-67 index (cKi-67 level ng/1000 circulating lymphocytes/μL plasma). Median (range) levels of absolute cKi-67 were significantly higher in patients with CLL than in control subjects (914.65 [102.0-4975.12] ng/mL vs 353 [35.76-2830.65] ng/mL; P<0.0001). However, absolute levels did not correlate with clinical or other laboratory variables (white cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, beta-2 microglobulin, or Rai stage, performance status). In contrast, the cKI-67 index correlated significantly with bone marrow involvement (p<0.001), number of lymph node sites involved (p<0.001), and Rai stage (p=0.05), but not with IgV H mutation (P=0.62) or performance status (p=0.71) The cK-I67 index was significantly associated with survival when used as either as a continuous variable (P=0.002) or as a dichotomous variable (P=0.005). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis incorporating cKi67 index with IgVH mutation status and B2M, demonstrated that only cKi-67 and B2M were independent predictors of survival. This data shows that there variability in proliferation between patients with CLL and those patients high relative proliferation (index) have more aggressive disease. Furthermore, plasma cKi-67 index and B2M levels are strong predictors of clinical behavior in CLL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Incidence and Etiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: New Updates for Athletic Departments

Context:Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a young athlete is a tragic event and is the leading medical cause of death in this population. The precise incidence of SCD in young athletes has been subject of debate, with studies reporting drastically different rates (1:917,000 athlete-years (AYs) to 1:3000 AYs) depending on the methodological design of the investigation or the targeted population.Evidence Acquisition:A literature search was performed in PubMed using the terms: incidence, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, sudden cardiac arrest, etiology, pathology, registry, athlete, young, children, and adolescents. Articles were reviewed for relevance and included if they contained information on the incidence of SCD in athletes or young persons up to the age of 35 years.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 5.Results:Studies of high quality and rigor consistently yield an incidence of 1:50,000 AYs in college athletes and between 1:50,000 and 1:80,000 AYs for high school athletes, with certain ...
Modeling Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Its Pathogenesis in Non-human Primates

In the early 90s', Europe was shaken by the fear that the prions from "mad cow disease" (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) would transmit the disease to humans via beef products. In 1996, the first variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) patients were described, and the same year our Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) transmission studies to cynomolgus macaques demonstrated that the BSE prion was highly infectious for primates, inducing brain lesions identical to those observed in vCJD patients. These studies provided the first experimental evidence that vCJD was BSE in humans. Subsequent studies established the BSE/vCJD-infected cynomolgus macaque as a robust model to study the pathogenesis of vCJD. We showed rapid adaptation of BSE prions to primates upon subsequent passage, and their distribution in peripheral tissues and blood. Some key studies are summarized in the present paper.
Critical Care in Acute Care Surgery

Trauma, acute care surgery, and critical care have been interlinked for over a century. The field of critical care arose during the Crimean War of the 1850s, when Florence Nightingale dedicated a separate treatment area to the most severely wounded soldiers [1]. Although anesthesiologists, pulmonologists, and emergency medicine physicians also staff intensive care units (ICUs), mastery of critical care principles remains fundamental to an acute care surgeon’s practice. As a single chapter cannot accommodate the breadth of the critical care literature, we focus here on content most relevant to the acute care surgeon: resuscitation and respiratory support.
Choice in Humans: Techniques for Enhancing Sensitivity to Reinforcement Immediacy

In a single session adults chose between schedules in which the reinforcer was a video derived from popular TV programs. One choice response occurred per trial. Delay of reinforcement was defined as the time between the response and onset of the video, amount of reinforcement as the period for which the tape played before it was interrupted. Schedule durations (reinforcement time plus waiting time before and after reinforcement) were equated so that an immediate reinforcer could not be accessed more quickly than a delayed reinforcer. Under “informative” instructions stating that the schedules might differ in delay and/or amount of reinforcement, most subjects preferred large to small and immediate to delayed reinforcers. Without this information, no systematic preferences occurred unless remediation training was conducted in which responding to one key was reinforced while responding to the other key was extinguished. Consequences such as points that fail to generate a preference for reinforcement immediacy probably function more as discriminative stimuli than as reinforcers and are therefore unsuitable for testing generalizations from animal research.
Cardiac Autoimmunity: Myocarditis

Myocarditis is the inflammation of the muscle tissues of the heart (myocardium). After a pathologic cardiac-specific inflammatory process, it may progress to chronic damage and dilated cardiomyopathy. The latter is characterized by systolic dysfunction, whose clinical correlate is heart failure. Nevertheless, other acute complications may arise as consequence of tissue damage and electrophysiologic disturbances. Different etiologies are involved in triggering myocarditis. In some cases, such as giant cell myocarditis or eosinophilic necrotizing myocarditis, it is an autoimmune process. Several factors predispose the development of autoimmune myocarditis such as systemic/local primary autoimmunity, viral infection, HLA and gender bias, exposure of cryptic antigens, mimicry, and deficient thymic training/Treg induction. Once the anti-myocardium autoimmune process is triggered, several components of the immune response orchestrate a sustained attack toward myocardial tissues with particular timing and immunopathogenic features. Innate response mediated by monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils parallels the adaptive response, playing a final effector role and not only a priming function. Stromal cells like fibroblast are also involved in the process through specific cytokines. Furthermore, adaptive T cell responses have anti-paradigmatic features, as Th17 response is dispensable for acute myocarditis but is the main driver of the process leading to dilated cardiomyopathy. Humoral response, thought to be a bystander, is important in the appearance of late-stage hemodynamic complications. The complexity of that process, as well as the unspecific and variable clinical presentation, had generated difficulties for diagnosis and treatment, which remain suboptimal. In this chapter, we will discuss the most relevant immunopathogenic findings from a basic science and clinical perspective.
Transitional care services: a quality and safety process improvement program in neurosurgery

OBJECTIVE Readmissions increasingly serve as a metric of hospital performance, inviting quality improvement initiatives in both medicine and surgery. However, few readmission reduction programs have targeted surgical patient populations. The objective of this study was to establish a transitional care program (TCP) with the goal of decreasing length of stay (LOS), improving discharge efficiency, and reducing readmissions of neurosurgical patients by optimizing patient education and postdischarge surveillance. METHODS Patients undergoing elective cranial or spinal neurosurgery performed by one of 5 participating surgeons at a quaternary care hospital were enrolled into a multifaceted intervention. A preadmission overview and establishment of an anticipated discharge date were both intended to set patient expectations for a shorter hospitalization. At discharge, in-hospital prescription filling was provided to facilitate medication compliance. Extended discharge appointments with a neurosurgery TCP-trained nurse emphasized postoperative activity, medications, incisional care, nutrition, signs that merit return to medical attention, and follow-up appointments. Finally, patients received a surveillance phone call 48 hours after discharge. Eligible patients omitted due to staff limitations were selected as controls. Patients were matched by sex, age, and operation type-key confounding variables-with control patients, who were eligible patients treated at the same time period but not enrolled in the TCP due to staff limitation. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association of TCP enrollment with discharge time and readmission, and linear regression with LOS. Covariates included matching criteria and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2015, 416 patients were enrolled in the program and matched to a control. The median patient age was 55 years (interquartile range 44.5-65 years); 58.4% were male. The majority of enrolled patients underwent spine surgery (59.4%, compared with 40.6% undergoing cranial surgery). Hospitalizations averaged 62.1 hours for TCP patients versus 79.6 hours for controls (a 16.40% reduction, 95% CI 9.30%-23.49%; p < 0.001). The intervention was associated with a higher proportion of morning discharges, which was intended to free beds for afternoon admissions and improve patient flow (OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.27-4.30; p < 0.001), and decreased 30-day readmissions (2.5% vs 5.8%; OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.14-5.27; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This neurosurgical TCP was associated with a significantly shorter LOS, earlier discharge, and reduced 30-day readmission after elective neurosurgery. These results underscore the importance of patient education and surveillance after hospital discharge.
Viscous Mean Flow Approximations for Porous Tubes with Radially Regressing Walls

The mean gaseous motion in solid rocket motors has been traditionally described using an inviscid solution in a porous tube of fixed radius and uniform wall injection. This model, usually referred ...
Diabetes and the hospitalized patient : A cluster analytic framework for characterizing the role of sex, race and comorbidity from 2006 to 2011

In the US, one in four adults has two or more chronic conditions; this population accounts for two thirds of healthcare spending. Comorbidity, the presence of multiple simultaneous health conditions in an individual, is increasing in prevalence and has been shown to impact patient outcomes negatively. Comorbidities associated with diabetes are correlated with increased incidence of preventable hospitalizations, longer lengths of stay (LOS), and higher costs. This study focuses on sex and race disparities in outcomes for hospitalized adult patients with and without diabetes. The objective is to characterize the impact of comorbidity burden, measured as the Charlson Weighted Index of Comorbidities (WIC), on outcomes including LOS, total charges, and disposition (specifically, probability of routine discharge home). Data from the National Inpatient Sample (2006-2011) were used to build a cluster-analytic framework which integrates cluster analysis with multivariate and logistic regression methods, for several goals: (i) to evaluate impact of these covariates on outcomes; (ii) to identify the most important comorbidities in the hospitalized population; and (iii) to create a simplified WIC score. Results showed that, although hospitalized women had better outcomes than men, the impact of diabetes was worse for women. Also, non-White patients had longer lengths of stay and higher total charges. Furthermore, the simplified WIC performed equivalently in the generalized linear models predicting standardized total charges and LOS, suggesting that this new score can sufficiently capture the important variability in the data. Our findings underscore the need to evaluate the differential impact of diabetes on physiology and treatment in women and in minorities.
Constitutive Modeling of the Cyclic Loading Response of Low Plasticity Fine-Grained Soils

Calibrations of the PM4Silt constitutive model are presented for two low-plasticity fine-grained soils that exhibit significantly different cyclic loading behaviors. The PM4Silt model is a stress-ratio controlled, critical state compatible, bounding surface plasticity model that was recently developed for representing low-plasticity silts and clays in geotechnical earthquake engineering applications. The low-plasticity clayey silt and silty clay examined herein were reconstituted mixtures of silica silt and kaolin with plasticity indices (PIs) of 6 and 20. Undrained monotonic and undrained cyclic direct simple shear (DSS) tests were performed on normally consolidated, slurry deposited specimens. Calibration of the PM4Silt model was based on the monotonic and cyclic DSS test data, plus empirical relationships for strain-dependent secant shear moduli and equivalent damping ratios. The calibration process and performance of the PM4Silt constitutive model are described for each soil. The results illustrate that PM4Silt is capable of reasonably approximating a range of monotonic and cyclic loading behaviors important to many earthquake engineering applications and is relatively easy to calibrate.
Research Risks, Randomization, and Risks to Research: Reflections on the Prudential Use of “Pilot” Trials

I should like to begin my comment and response to Professor Engelhardt by following his method, and ask you briefly to consider an episode from the history of the acquisition of scientific knowledge — but from a slightly different perspective and for somewhat other reasons than Dr. Engelhardt’s excursion into the past. That is, we might take a moment to reflect on the compelling concerns of the past, which, over time, have led to this volume with its principal themes and which make them important enough to warrant our extensive time and energy as we speak and write to the multifarious issues germane to the general topic — the use of human beings in research [39] [42]. For these many issues have been and still are being treated not only in Israel and the United States, but throughout the world wherever support for such research is available. I turn, then, to the early 17th century. The two methods which we have now stated have many features of resemblance, but there are also many distinctions between them. Both are methods of elimination. This term... is well suited to express the operation, analogous to this, which has been understood since the time of Bacon to be the foundation of experimental inquiry, namely, the successive exclusion of the various circumstances which are found to accompany a phenomenon in a given instance, in order to ascertain what are those among them which can be absent consistently with the existence of the phenomenon. The Method of Agreement stands on the ground that whatever can be eliminated is not connected with the phenomenon by any law. The Method of Difference has for its foundation, that whatever cannot be eliminated is connected with the phenomenon by a law. Of these methods, that of Difference is more particularly a method of artificial experiment ([33], p. 256). John Stuart Mill — A System of Logic (1843)
The Ideology of Detection in Pynchon and DeLillo

The description of Pynchon's Oedipa Maas above might once have served to describe Pynchon critics and, indeed, Critics of postmodernism generally. Emphasis on the epistemological and ontological uncertainties of self-reflexive and open-ended texts has for too long distracted attention from their social and political import. Even Marxist critics like Fredric Jameson and Terry Eagleton, who might be expected to be more receptive to the social meaning encoded in complex texts, have characterized postmodern fiction as apolitical pastiche or depthlessness–generalizations as premature as they have been influential. Almost as if in response to these critics, Pynchon has recently published a text ( Vineland [1990]) so ostentatiously political that it might well prompt a more socially conscious rereading of his entire oeuvre. This essay is a mere prolegomenon to such a rereading, spurred by Vineland and by the recent work of critics like Linda Hutcheon and Robert Siegle who have begun to see the formal innovations of postmodern fiction, not merely as intellectual puzzles, but also as responses to social context and as cultural interventions designed to effect change within that context.
Google Sites and Oral History Projects: Connecting School to Community

This high school–university partnership used oral history projects (OHPs) to connect school to community and, drawing on funds of knowledge and culturally relevant pedagogy, used Google Sites as a platform to collaborate between preservice teacher and high school students. A sociocultural framework of learning underscored the importance of group interaction and collaboration in this learning experience. The following question guided the analysis of this chapter: How can new media technologies, specifically Google Sites, enhance collaboration and expand learning in an OHP?
Pulmonary Vasculitis Conundrums

Pulmonary vasculitides represent a diverse group of diseases typified by nonspecific signs and symptoms with evidence of systemic extra-pulmonary organ involvement, including skin, kidney, and neurological systems. No single confirmatory diagnostic laboratory test exists; therefore the clinician must combine a thorough history and physical examination with other objective findings to make the correct diagnosis.
Fertile-to-fissile and fission measurements for depleted uranium and thorium bombarded by 800-MeV protons

Axial distributions of fissions and of fertile-to-fissile conversions in thick depleted uranium and thorium targets bombarded by 800-MeV protons have been measured. The amounts of /sup 239/Pu and /sup 233/U produced were determined by measuring the yields of /sup 239/Np and /sup 233/Pa, respectively. The number of fissions was deduced from fission product mass-yield curves. Integration of the axial distributions gave the total number of conversions and fissions occurring in the targets. For the uranium target, experimental results were 5.90 +- 0.25 fissions and 3.81 +- 0.01 atoms of /sup 239/Pu produced per incident portion. Corresponding calculated results were 6.14 +- 0.04 and 3.88 +- 0.03. In the thorium target, 1.56 +- 0.25 fissions and 1.25 +- 0.01 atoms of /sup 233/U per incident proton were measured; the calculated values were 1.54 +- 0.01 fissions and 1.27 +- 0.01 atom/proton.
Use of and disparities in access to adaptive devices among U.S. adults with age-related eye diseases.

Abstract This paper examines adaptive device use among two samples of U.S. adults aged 40 years and older with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma or cataracts from the 2008 and 2016 waves of the nationally-representative cross-sectional National Health Interview Survey (n = 2875 and n = 6233 respectively). Individuals who replied affirmatively to the question, “do you use any adaptive devices such as telescopic or other prescriptive lenses, magnifiers, large print or talking materials, CCTV, white cane or guide dogs?” were defined as adaptive device users. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models of adaptive device use were estimated. The main regression models used 2008 data and included explanatory variables for vision-related limitations, other functional limitations, sociodemographic characteristics and the local availability of ophthalmologists and optometrists. 6.1% of the 2008 sample and 4.2% of the 2016 sample used adaptive devices, these percentages were significantly different. 31.4% of the 2008 sample and 24.0% of 2016 sample with multiple vision-related limitations used adaptive devices, these percentages were not significantly different. Based on previous research, adaptive device use among the subgroups with multiple vision-related limitations would be expected to improve functional ability. In the regression models, the likelihood of adaptive device use increased significantly with the number of vision-related limitations, family income and local ophthalmologist availability. The regression results provide evidence of socioeconomic and geographic disparities in adaptive device use in the U.S. Together the descriptive statistics and regression results suggest that public health strategies to increase access to adaptive devices are needed.
Hilbert Proof Systems Completeness of Classical Predicate Logic

There are several quite distinct approaches to the Completeness Theorem, corresponding to the ways of thinking about proofs. Within each of the approaches there are endless variations in exact formulation, corresponding to the choice of methods we want to use to proof the Completeness Theorem. Different basic approaches are important, though, for they lead to different applications. We have presented two of the approaches for the propositional logic: Hilbert style formalizations (proof systems) in Chap. 5, and Gentzen style formalizations (automated proof systems) in Chap. 6 We have also presented for each of the approaches methods of proving the completeness theorem. Two proofs of completeness theorem for Hilbert style proof system in Chap. 5 and a constructive proofs for several Gentzen style proof systems in Chap. 6
Vaccine targeting antigens associated with cancer stem cells/epithelial to mesenchymal transition inhibits triple negative breast cancer growth

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by higher relapse and poor survival rates compared to other breast cancer types and is marked by a cancer stem cell (CSC)/epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature. We questioned whether a vaccine targeting CSC/EMT associated proteins could prevent development of TNBC. We identified five overexpressed proteins found in TNBC and associated with different CSC/EMT pathways. We used a scoring system derived from three common algorithms for predicting class II MHC binding to select Th epitopes for CD105, CDH3, MDM2, SOX-2 and YB-1. Those epitopes that induced a selective Th1 (IFN-gamma) immune response in human population based screening were included in a multi-antigen vaccine. Epitopes were highly homologous between mouse and man. Immunization with the multi-antigen vaccine induced Th1 specific for all five antigens compared to adjuvant control (p
Web-Based Virtual Reality Development in Classroom: From Learner's Perspectives

Virtual Reality (VR) content development tools are in continuous production by both enthusiastic researchers and software development companies. Yet, learners could benefit from participating in this development, not only for learning vital programming skills, but also skills in creativity and collaboration. Web-based VR (WebVR) has emerged as a platform-independent framework that permits individuals (with little to no prior programming experience) to create immersive and interactive VR applications. Yet, the success of WebVR relies on students' technological acceptance, the intersectionality of perceived utility and ease of use. In order to determine the effectiveness of the emerging tool for learners of varied experience levels, this paper presents a case study of 38 students who were tasked with developing WebVR 'dream' houses. Results showed that students were accepting of the technology by not only learning and implementing WebVR in a short time (one month), but were also capable of demonstrating creativity and problem-solving skills with classroom supports (i.e., pre-project presentations, online discussions, exemplary projects, and TA support). Results as well as recommendations, lessons learned, and further research are addressed.
The rewards and challenges of creating an activist-scholar research program

ABSTRACTThis essay discusses the author and her colleagues’ development and implementation of an activist-scholar fellowship program. Based on the concept of feminist research justice, the program ...
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND PRESUMED ROLES OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS OF THE MONKEY

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the functional properties and presumed roles of retinal ganglion cells of the monkey. For purposes of generalizations, ganglion cell types can be organized into various groups: (1) spectrally-opponent neurons, (2) spectrally non-opponent neurons, and (3) atypically-organized neurons. Nearly 25% of the neurons of the spectrally-opponent neurons group show a concealment of their wavelength-dependent responses because of remarkably weak surround antagonism. Unless the center sensitivity is selectively depressed, the responses of spectrally-opponent neurons mimic those of spectrally non-opponent cells and show neither spectral nor spatial opponency. The classifications of cell types often have implicit or explicit underlying assumptions about the functional role that the various cell types may have. This is particularly common in the non-human primate studies of sensory physiology. It is a common assumption that spectrally-opponent cells play an important part in color vision, that is, one's ability to discriminate between stimuli differing in wavelength but not in luminance.
Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Effects of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is an issue affecting people of all ages, races, genders, and sexual orientations. Violence against men and same-sex domestic violence are often considered less of a threat to society and to the people involved, but it is important to understand that male-on-female violence, female-on-male violence, and samesex violence all involve serious consequences to the victim’s and batterer’s shortand long-term health. This paper determines whether men or women suffer from more long-term health problems caused by domestic violence by comparing the currently published statistics on the prevalence of domestic violence in heterosexual and homosexual relationships, and analyzing the results of existing studies on the shortand long-term health effects of domestic violence. The findings indicate that although men and women sustain many of the same injuries, women suffer from more long-term health problems caused by domestic violence.
A profile of the personhood and career of Janine M. Bernard: virtues of a supervision leader

Dr. Janine M. Bernard is a notable Counselor Educator, whose career has spanned more than four decades. Through her Discrimination Model and subsequent scholarship in supervision, Bernard has profo...
Sapphire Nanopores for Low-Noise DNA Sensing

Solid-state nanopores have broad applications in single-molecule biosensing and diagnostics, but their high electrical noise associated with a large device capacitance has seriously limited both their sensing accuracy and recording speed. Current strategies to mitigate the noise has focused on introducing insulating materials (such as polymer or glass) to decrease the device capacitance, but the complex process integration schemes diminish the potential to reproducibly create such nanopore devices. Here, we report a scalable and reliable approach to create nanopore membranes on sapphire with triangular shape and controlled dimensions by anisotropic wet etching a crystalline sapphire wafer, thus eliminating the noise-dominating stray capacitance that is intrinsic to conventional Si based devices. We demonstrate tunable control of the membrane dimension in a wide range from ~200 um to as small as 5 um, which corresponds to
Cumulative Effects of Doubling Up in Childhood on Young Adult Outcomes

Living in a doubled-up, or shared, household is a common experience. Nearly one-half of children in the United States double up at some point during childhood, yet we know little about the cumulative effects of these households on children. This study estimates the effects on young adult health and educational attainment of childhood years spent in three doubled-up household types: (1) those formed with children’s grandparent(s), (2) those formed with children’s adult sibling(s), and (3) those formed with other extended family or non-kin adults. Using marginal structural models and inverse probability of treatment weighting—methods that account for the fact that household composition is both a cause and consequence of other family characteristics—I find that doubling up shapes children’s life chances, but the effects vary depending on children’s relationships with household members. Childhood years spent living with nongrandparent extended family or non-kin adults are associated with worse young adult outcomes, but coresidence with grandparents is not significantly associated with young adult outcomes after selection into these households is accounted for, and coresidence with adult siblings may be beneficial in some domains. By studying the effects of coresidence with adults beyond the nuclear family, this research contributes to a fuller understanding of the implications of family complexity for children.
Palliation of Metastatic Bone Pain with Radiolabeled Phosphonates

This chapter reviews the role of various radiolabeled phosphonates in the palliation of bone pain from osteoblastic metastatic and primary bone disease. Various radiophosphonates are available for this purpose. These include Samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (Samarium-153 EDTMP), Rhenium-188 hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate (Rhenium-188 HEDP), and Lutetium-177 ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (Lutetium-177 EDTMP). They generally have comparatively short physical half-lives and high dose rates and can be administered as either monotherapy or fractionated therapy with low toxicity. They also can be imaged to both assess efficacy and conduct dosimetry studies. One agent that has been studied extensively and approved for bone palliation in a variety of cancers, including prostrate, breast, lung, and other primary cancers, is Samarium-153 EDTMP. It has been shown to be effective with single-dose treatment in 65–85% of patients, with pain relief seen within 4–6 weeks of treatment. Initial positive responses have been sustainable over longer periods, with significant reduction in opioid and other analgesic needs, overall improvement in quality of life, and survival benefits with minimal short- and long-term adverse events. Additionally, more recent studies have demonstrated that it can be safe to combine Samarium-153 EDTMP with chemotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and nonradioactive bisphosphonates, to palliate metastatic bone pain and provide an antitumor strategy especially for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. More recently, studies have shown that Rhenium-188 HEDP holds promise because it appears to be effective in rapidly relieving pain and improving overall survival in patients with prostate cancer when given as repeated therapy, it is readily available from a generator, and it is cost-effective.
Being a Student of Bill Denevan Introducer: Gregory W. Knapp

Bill Denevan supervised or co-supervised 20 doctoral dissertations and 22 master’s theses over four decades. His students have often retained intellectual affinities and friendships long after graduate school. This is a personal appreciation of Bill’s role as a mentor, based on my own years at Madison and subsequent interactions in the field, professional meetings, and at Sea Ranch. The discipline is now populated by second- and even third-generation students, whose advisors and advisor’s advisors have continued to transmit the Denevanite ethos of respect for the local, integrity, attention to detail, and skepticism about dominant discourses of progress.
Anti-parasitic benefit of nematophagous fungi and Haemonchus contortus vaccine in small ruminants

As anthelmintic resistance continues to escalate, the need for alternative parasite control methods in small ruminant has increased. Copper oxide wire particles and sericea lespedeza are commercially available in the United States. Several other novel control methods, such as feeding nematophagous fungal chlamydospores, and vaccination against Haemonchus contortus, hold great promise for control of gastrointestinal nematode infections in small ruminants. The Haemonchus contortus vaccine is licensed for use in sheep in Australia, but is not yet available in the United States. Experiments conducted around the world have demonstrated the excellent nematode controlling advantages of feeding Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores to grazing livestock. A commercially available product is expected to be available in the near future.
3B.005 SIDS on Facebook: A qualitative descriptive content analysis of a mother’s group

Background/Aims Despite prevention efforts, many parents practice unsafe infant sleep and utilize dangerous infant sleep and monitoring devices; thus, SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) is a leading cause of infant mortality in the US. Social media offers a unique perspective on SIDS to guide future research and prevention efforts. This study aimed to describe and analyze conversations among mothers engaged in discussions about SIDS on a Facebook mother’s group. Methods We extracted and analyzed 20 posts and 912 comments from 512 mothers who participated in a specific Facebook mother’s group and engaged in conversations about SIDS. Two reviewers coded the data using qualitative descriptive content analysis. Themes were induced after discussion among researchers. Results The theme of social support emerged. A variety of informational sources for SIDS and safe sleep were identified, as was a continuum of infant sleep practices (ranging from unsafe to safe sleep per the American Academy of Pediatrics standards). There was widespread discussion regarding infant sleep products and monitoring devices. Embedded within conversations was: (1) confusion among commonly-used medical terminology; (2) the practice of unsafe infant sleep; (3) inconsistency in provider communication about SIDS; and (4) maternal anxiety regarding SIDS. Conclusions Mothers who participated in the Facebook group provided and received informational and emotional support regarding SIDS via this format. Future communication regarding injury prevention and safety promotion on the topic of SIDS and safe sleep should be simple, address infant sleep and monitoring devices, maternal anxiety regarding SIDS, and the common practice of unsafe sleep.
The effect of a Hatha Yoga practice on hamstring flexibility.

Abstract Purpose To determine the effect of a 7-week Hatha yoga intervention on hamstrings flexibility using a digital goniometer. It was hypothesized that hamstring flexibility will increase in a young healthy adult population. Methods Thirty-one college-aged males and females (Mage= 21 ± 2.62) years participated in 110 minutes twice per week for a 7-week progressive yoga intervention. Pre and post-test measurements were taken to determine hamstring flexibility on the right and left leg using a digital goniometer. Results A paired samples t-test indicated a significant difference in the pre and post-test on hamstring flexibility (p Conclusion Hamstring flexibility can be improved with a progressive 7-week Hatha yoga session and may be used as a modality to improve flexibility and function in activities of daily living as well and athletic performance.