cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hopf Bifurcations in Two-Player Delayed Replicator Dynamics

We investigate the dynamics of two-strategy replicator equations in which competition between strategies is delayed by a given time interval T. Taking T as a bifurcation parameter, we demonstrate the existence of (non-degenerate) Hopf bifurcations in these systems, and present an analysis of the resulting limit cycles using Lindstedt’s method.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
How relevant is the reoxidation of ferrocytochrome c by hydrogen peroxide when determining superoxide anion production

Abstract In a recent publication [(1987) FEBS Lett. 210, 195–198] the authors claim the use of cytochrome c to detect superoxide anion underestimates the real rate of superoxide anion formation on the basis that: (i) the rate of uric acid formation by xanthine oxidase is about 4-fold faster than the rate of cytochrome c reduction and (ii) hydrogen peroxide formed upon dismutation of the superoxide anion generated by xanthine oxidase is capable of reoxidizing ferrocytochrome c . That paper may have been misleading for readers not very familiar with the field of oxygen radicals, since both assumptions are, in fact, incorrect. In this report we demonstrate that the build up in concentration of H 2 O 2 during most reactions in which superoxide anion is being produced is not enough to affect the rate of cytochrome c reduction. Our results suggest that the authors may have been misled by an artifact due to exposure of the samples containing H 2 O 2 to UV light, which generates hydroxyl radicals by photolysis.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam: immunohistochemical studies.

The incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) among the Chamorros in Guam is remarkably high. The patients with ALS have clinical and pathological characteristics similar to those in other parts of the world. The PDC patients display parkinsonism and progressive dementia and show a characteristic neuronal loss in certain parts of the central nervous system such as the hippocampus and substantia nigra. The Guamanian patients with ALS and PDC commonly have widespread Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes, but without the associted senile plaques. We have applied immunohistochemical procedures to examine the expression of marker sub-stances in Guamanian ALS and PDC. The markers studied include tau protein, ubiquitin, beta proteins, synaptophysin, calcineurin, Met-enkephalin, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase. The results were compared with the findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, sporadic ALS and familial ALS.
Bladder cancer: Toward state of the art multidisciplinary molecular medicine

Recent advances in bladder cancer research, and clinical diagnosis and therapy are explored. Major advances in biologic understanding are applied toward better early diagnosis and staging. Using molecular medicine to help informed clinical trial design and implementation will lead to more effective therapeutic intervention in transitional cell carcinoma. Interdisciplinary care and multimodal approach will allow better outcomes, stage for stage and grade for grade. The challenge is for clinician-scientists to integrate basic and translational advances efficiently and rapidly into the clinic, recognizing the value of a multifaceted paradigm.
Primary Prevention of Stroke by Healthy Lifestyle

Background— The combination of healthy lifestyle factors is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and total cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the impact of multiple lifestyle factors on the risk of stroke. Methods and Results— We conducted a prospective cohort study among 43 685 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and 71 243 women from the Nurses’ Health Study. Diet and other lifestyle factors were updated from self-reported questionnaires. We defined a low-risk lifestyle as not smoking, a body mass index <25 kg/m2, ≥30 min/d of moderate activity, modest alcohol consumption (men, 5 to 30 g/d; women, 5 to 15 g/d), and scoring within the top 40% of a healthy diet score. We documented 1559 strokes (853 ischemic, 278 hemorrhagic) among women and 994 strokes (600 ischemic, 161 hemorrhagic) among men during follow-up. Women with all 5 low-risk factors had a relative risk of 0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12, 0.36) for total and 0.19 (95% CI, 0.09, 0.40)...
Seroprevalence of Varicella-Zoster virus IgG antibodies in Swiss children during the first 16 months of age

QUESTION UNDER STUDY: To investigate the persistence of maternal IgG antibodies against Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) in infants and young children. METHODS: Serum specimens of children aged 0-16 months who had been hospitalized in our institution between 1994 and 1999 were identified from our routine serum collection. Exclusion criteria were: preterm delivery (>37 gestational weeks); suspected varicella infection or presence of exanthema of unknown etiology at time of serum collection; transfusion of blood products during 6 months preceding serum collection; foreign born mother; and previous VZV immunization. Serotesting for IgG antibodies against VZV was performed by use of a commercially available ELISA kit. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty three serum specimens from 240 patients were analyzed. Age distribution of patients at time of specimen collection was: 0-3 months: n=57; <3-6 months: n=47; <6-9 months: n=47; <9-12 months: n=48; <12-16 months: n=54. Seroprevalence rates for IgG antibodies against VZV in the different age groups were 90% (0-3 months), 38% (<3-6 months); 0% (<6-9 and <9-12 months); and 7% (<12-16 months). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate high levels of passively acquired humoral immunity against varicella in Swiss infants during the first 3 months of life. Beyond the first 3 months of life IgG antibodies against VZV are lacking in the majority of patients and between 6 and 12 months of age all specimens tested were negative. Beyond the first year of life antibodies against varicella were detected in four samples, probably due to previous VZV infection. In accordance with current recommendations, VZV vaccination should ideally be administered to children 9 months of age and older, although our data indicate that successful immunization may be possible at earlier age (6 months onwards) in certain circumstances.
Intrinsic aerobic capacity impacts susceptibility to acute high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis

Aerobic capacity/fitness significantly impacts susceptibility for fatty liver and diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we utilized rats selectively bred for high (HCR) and low (LCR) intrinsic aerobic capacity to examine the mechanisms by which aerobic capacity impacts metabolic vulnerability for fatty liver following a 3-day high-fat diet (HFD). Indirect calorimetry assessment of energy metabolism combined with radiolabeled dietary food was employed to examine systemic metabolism in combination with ex vivo measurements of hepatic lipid oxidation. The LCR, but not HCR, displayed increased hepatic lipid accumulation in response to the HFD despite both groups increasing energy intake. However, LCR rats had a greater increase in energy intake and demonstrated greater daily weight gain and percent body fat due to HFD compared with HCR. Additionally, total energy expenditure was higher in the larger LCR. However, controlling for the difference in body weight, the LCR has lower resting energy expenditure compared with HCR. Importantly, respiratory quotient was significantly higher during the HFD in the LCR compared with HCR, suggesting reduced whole body lipid utilization in the LCR. This was confirmed by the observed lower whole body dietary fatty acid oxidation in LCR compared with HCR. Furthermore, LCR liver homogenate and isolated mitochondria showed lower complete fatty acid oxidation compared with HCR. We conclude that rats bred for low intrinsic aerobic capacity show greater susceptibility for dietary-induced hepatic steatosis, which is associated with a lower energy expenditure and reduced whole body and hepatic mitochondrial lipid oxidation.
Other-Sex Relationship Stress and Sex Differences in the Contribution of Puberty to Depression

Research suggests that the pubertal transition, particularly when experienced earlier than age-matched peers, is associated with heightened depression in girls but less depression in boys. This study examined whether stress within other-sex relationships serves as one process through which puberty differentially contributes to depression for girls and boys. Youth (51 girls, 34 boys; M age = 12.68) and their caregivers reported on pubertal status and age of menarche. Semistructured interviews were conducted to assess youths' depression and exposure to chronic other-sex stress. As anticipated, more advanced status and earlier timing were associated with more depression in girls and less depression in boys. More advanced status and earlier timing were associated with less other-sex stress in boys; earlier age of menarche was associated with more other-sex stress in girls. Other-sex stress partially mediated the early menarche-depression association in girls, suggesting one process through which puberty promotes risk for depression in girls.
The Molten Carbonate Carbon Dioxide Concentrator: Cathode Performance at High CO 2 Utilization

An experimental study of the cathode performance of the molten carbonate carbon dioxide concentrator (MCCDC) at typical gas concentrations is reported, and the behavior is described in terms of standard electrochemical kinetic analysis. Theoretical aspects of the MCCDC are discussed, including the current-generating processes, the overpotential, and the reaction kinetics. A final working equation is derived, and the electrochemical cell is described. The parameters determined by the experiments include cathode overpotentials and removal and current efficiency as a function of current density, as well as carbon dioxide removal rate as a function of flow rate. The results are compared with data for other cells; the agreement with data for the molten carbonate fuel cell suggests that the major difference between the two cells is in the wetting characteristics. The MCCDC achieves high removal efficiencies at high current efficiencies. The lowest current efficiency recorded was 80 percent, and at most current densities, current efficiencies were above 100 percent.
Identification of methyl parathion toxicity in colusa basin drain water

The cause of toxicity to young striped bass Morone saxatilis and mysids Neomysis mercedis from an agricultural drain (Colusa Basin Drain, Sacramento River Valley, CA) containing tail water from rice fields was investigated. Previous studies had postulated that toxicity was due to one or more of the insecticides carbofuran, malathion, and methyl parathion used on rice in California. The discharge of insecticide-tainted agricultural drain water into the Sacramento River may have contributed to the decline of the striped bass population in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, either directly by mortality or indirectly by reducing food items such as mysids. Trace metals cadmium, copper, and zinc from abandoned mining operations may also have contributed toxicity. Water samples were collected from the Colusa Basin Drain and upstream and downstream from the Sacramento River, analyzed for insecticides and trace metals, and tested for toxicity. No significant toxicity to striped bass was observed for either water body, and no significant toxicity to Neomysis mercedis was observed for the Sacramento River sites. However, Colusa Basin Drain water was significantly toxic to Neomysis mercedis, which was attributed to lethal (up to three times the 96-h LC50 value) concentrations of methyl parathion. The trace metals, carbofuran, and malathion were present at less than acutely toxic concentrations. The addition of 2 ppt salinity appeared to increase survival of both test organisms. This study clearly demonstrates the need for reducing environmental levels of methyl parathion.
Fingerprinting diamonds using ion implantation

It is possible to ion implant patterns in diamond crystals at fluences below that which would impart visible damage and then to reveal those patterns by electrostatic charging and dusting. The charge distribution — and therefore the dust attachement — is related to the difference in electrical conductivity between the implanted region and the rest of the crystal. The technique may have applicability for “fingerprinting” or personalizing diamond gemstones.
Analytic reference interaction site model‐mean spherical approximation theory of flexible polymer blends: Effects of spatial and fractal dimensions

Recently developed methods for obtaining exact and approximate analytical solutions of the reference interaction site model‐mean spherical approximation (RISM‐MSA) integral equations for liquid mixtures composed of long, flexible polymers are applied to study the critical temperature Tc for phase separation of symmetric isotopic binary blends as a function of degree of polymerization N, spatial dimension D, and fractal dimension df of the individual macromolecules. For ideal random walk coils, the theory predicts a nonclassical behavior given by Tc∝N(D−2)/2 in two and three dimensions, and the classical Flory–Huggins mean field Tc∝N law is recovered in four and higher dimensions. For arbitrary interpenetrating polymeric fractals, the theory predicts Tc∝N(D−df)/df for spatial dimensions below 2df and Flory–Huggins behavior for D>2df. These novel scaling laws for isotopic mixtures are a consequence of a consistent treatment of chain connectivity on all length scales, intermolecular excluded volume, and a sh...
Physical processes within the nocturnal stratus-topped boundary layer

There are many physical processes involved in the stratus-topped boundary layer: longwave radiation cooling, entrainment, latent heating, surface heating, solar heating, and drizzling, for example. The manner in which the processes combine to maintain the turbulence within the stratus-topped boundary layer remains an unsolved problem. The large eddy simulation technique is used to examine the first four physical processes mentioned above. First, the contribution of each physical process to the thermodynamic differences between the updraft and downdraft branches of turbulent circulations is examined through a conditional sampling. Second, these mean thermodynamic differences are shown to express well the vertical distributions of heat and moisture fluxes within stratus-topped boundary layers. These provide a method to validate the process partitioning technique. (This technique assumes that the net flux profile can be partitioned into different component-flux profiles according to physical processes, and that each partitioned component flux is linear in height.) In this paper, the heat and moisture fluxes are process partitioned, and each component-flux is found to contribute to the net flux in a way that is consistent with its corresponding process contribution to the mean thermodynamic differences between updrafts and downdrafts. Also, the net flux obtained by summing all component-fluxes agrees very well with that obtained directly from the large-eddy simulations.
Near-Ultraviolet Spectra of Nine M Dwarf Stars, or a Second Effort to Find Optical Coronal Lines in M Dwarf Stars

We have searched for optical coronal lines in the 3100–3700 A region of eight M dwarf stars with rather low levels of activity. This brief survey supplements a similar search in 15 active stars published in 1991. No coronal lines could be identified. However, the emission spectra including lines of H i, He i, Ca ii, Ca i, Si i, and Fe i are described and illustrated. Radial velocities of the emission lines show no systematic differences from the stellar absorption lines. Coronae with temperatures similar to those in the solar corona seem to be rare among the M dwarfs, although at least one example has been found by Schmitt & Wichmann.
Impulsivity (delay discounting) for food and cocaine in male and female rats selectively bred for high and low saccharin intake.

Abstract Previous research in rats indicates that delay discounting for food, a model of impulsivity, predicted the rate of acquisition of cocaine self-administration. In other studies, rats bred for high saccharin intake (HiS) acquired cocaine self-administration at higher rates than those with low saccharin intake (LoS), and female (F) rats acquired cocaine self-administration more rapidly than males (M). The purpose of this study was to examine a possible connection between impulsivity, saccharin intake, and sex by comparing M and F rats from the HiS and LoS selectively bred lines on measures of impulsivity; i.e., their rate of delay discounting for food or i.v. cocaine infusions. The adjusting delay procedure allowed rats access to 2 response levers, and a pellet dispenser or an i.v. drug infusion pump. In 4 groups (HiS M, HiS F, LoS M, LoS F) responses under a fixed-ratio (FR) 1 schedule on one lever resulted in one 45 mg pellet immediately, and responses on the other lever resulted in 3 or 6 pellets after a delay. Four additional groups received either a small cocaine (0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg) infusion immediately or a delayed larger infusion (3× the amount of the small infusions). The delay to the larger reinforcer began at 6 s and increased or decreased by 1 s following responses on the delay or immediate levers, respectively. A mean adjusted delay (MAD) was calculated over 30 choice trials during each daily 3-hour session, and it was used as a quantitative measure of impulsivity. In groups maintained by food, HiS rats were more impulsive (lower MADs) than LoS rats, and LoS females were more impulsive than LoS males. There were no phenotype or sex differences in delay discounting for cocaine. Understanding the relationship between impulsivity and other predictors of drug abuse (e.g., sex, saccharin intake) is important in developing prevention and treatment strategies.
A physical linkage map of HLA-A, -G, -7.5p, and -F.

Abstract The class I region of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex includes genes encoding the classical transplantation antigens (HLA-A, -B, -C), at least three nonclassical class I genes (HLA-E, -F, and -G), and many class I pseudogenes (including HLA-7.5p). We have used probes from DNA within or flanking the HLA -A, -F, -G, and −7.5p genes to construct a physical linkage map that places the HLA-F, -G, and −7.5p loci in order with respect to HLA-A. The map was constructed using clamped homogeneous electric field pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. DNA was isolated from LCL 721 (A1:B8, A2:B5), a human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), and from two γ-irradiation-induced mutants of LCL 721 lacking complementary class I haplotypes. The physical linkage data place HLA-G closest to HLA-A and place HLA-7.5p between HLA-G and HLA-F. The map constructed supports a maximum distance of 490 kilobases between HLA-A and HLA-F. Human Immunology 31, 180–185 (1991).
GIS and GPS Applications in Emerging Economies: Observation and Analysis of a Chinese Logistics Firm

The rapid development of Geographic Information System GIS and Global Position System GPS has attracted the attention of both business practitioners and academic researchers. GIS and GPS technologies, through providing optimized schedules, routings, and guidance, are especially important and helpful in transportation and logistics businesses. Though GIS and GPS technologies have been witnessed in many business sectors in developed countries, wide application of these technologies is still in its preliminary phase in companies in developing nations. In this paper, the authors present a study on the application of an integrated intelligent system that consists of GIS, GPS and related technologies to optimize logistic distribution of perishable products in urban environments. Through investigating GIS and GPS usage in a medium-sized logistics company in the unique settings of emerging economies, this paper addresses how these technologies enhance the management of businesses and analyze the interaction of GIS/GPS implementation and several key characteristics of the logistic distribution context by identifying major benefits, challenges, and limitations associated with the use of GIS and GPS.
Interaction between two flux ropes immersed in the solar atmosphere

The interaction between two flux ropes immersed in a magnetized medium is studied. The method of images is used to calculate the diamagnetic buoyancy force exerted by this interaction on an individual flux rope. The results show that the presence of an external magnetic field enables the ambient magnetic stress to give rise to an attractive force between the two legs of a bipolar arch in the lower solar corona. This provides a dynamical explanation for the photospheric observation that two magnetic features of opposite polarities can move toward each other. 7 references.
Solitary pelvic nodule: diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer by endoscopic ultrasound-guided, fine-needle aspiration

Prostate cancer manifesting as an isolated perirectal mass is a rare occurrence. The following is a report of a single pelvic nodule that was determined to be metastatic prostate cancer by endoscopic ultrasound-guided, fine-needle aspiration.
What Is Good for the Goose Is Not Always Good for the Gander

Opioids represent one of the most commonly prescribed classes of drugs used to treat acute clinical pain. There are several biologic factors that influence the potency and efficacy of opioids. Until recently, it has been assumed that one's sex has little effect on the analgesic properties of these agents. Miaskowski and Levine's review of the literature and the original research findings by Gear and cowork­ ers cast doubt on this assumption . They provide indirect evidence that females require less of a mu-opioid recep­ tor agonist than males for the treatment of acute clinical pain. They provide more direct experimental evidence that females show a longer duration of analgesia in response to kappa-opioids compared with males. These findings are intriguing and are of both therapeutic and theoretical importance.
Functional and biochemical characterization of a novel human macrophage-derived negative regulator of haematopoiesis.

Abstract It is believed that haematopoiesis is regulated by both positive and negative signals derived from the marrow microenvironment, which includes macrophages. The identity and mechanism of action of the proteins mediating negative regulation is an area of active investigation. We report here the identification and initial characterization of a novel suppressor of early haematopoietic progenitors, designated NRH (for Negative Regulator of Haematopoiesis), isolated from the recently established human macrophage line 2MAC. The mechanism of NRH suppression appears to involve a marked decrease in the cycling of early progenitor cells. NRH activity was shown to be reversible and to correspond to an acidic, heparin-binding glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 000 daltons (∼20 kDa). By exploiting lectin specificity, hydrophobic interaction, and heparin affinity, we have developed a procedure for the rapid isolation of highly purified NRH from 2MAC-conditioned medium. By a number of functional and biochemical criteria, NRH appears to represent a novel macrophage-derived negative regulator of haematopoiesis which may have future application in certain clinical settings as a chemoprotectant of primitive haematopoietic cells.
Electron-Ion Recombination Rate Coefficients and Photoionization Cross Sections for Astrophysically Abundant Elements. III. Si-Sequence Ions: Si I, S III, Ar V, Ca VII, and Fe XIII

Photoionization cross sections, σPI, and electron-ion recombination rate coefficients, αR, for silicon-like ions are calculated. Calculations are carried out in the close coupling approximation using the R-matrix method. Each ion has a large number of bound states with n ≤ 10 and l ≤ 9: 433 for Ar V, 631 for Ca VII, and 1223 for Fe XIII. Both the partial photoionization cross sections leaving the core ion in the ground state and the total cross sections for ionization in the ground state as well as the excited core states are obtained for all bound states. The electron-ion recombination rates are obtained using a unified method, based on the close coupling R-matrix method, that incorporates both the radiative and dielectronic recombination processes in a self-consistent and unified manner. Total recombination rate coefficients are presented for a wide range of temperatures for practical applications. State-specific recombination rate coefficients for individual bound states are also presented. Results of Si I and S III, derived from earlier works, are also presented for completeness.
Electrical properties of carbon nanofiber reinforced multiscale polymer composites

Abstract Carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforced epoxy matrix nanocomposites and CNF reinforced glass hollow particle filled syntactic foams are studied for electrical properties. The effect of CNF weight fraction, hollow particle volume fraction, and hollow particle wall thickness on impedance and dielectric constant are characterized. The results show that the impedance decreases and the dielectric constant increases with increasing CNF content in the composites. Nanocomposites containing 10 wt.% CNFs showed significantly higher dielectric constant because of the presence of a continuous network of CNFs in the composite. CNF reinforced syntactic foams showed higher dielectric constant than the neat resin. The CNF content had a more prominent effect on the dielectric constant than the glass hollow particle volume fraction and wall thickness. The Maxwell–Garnett and the Jayasundere–Smith models are modified to include the effect of hollow particle wall thickness and obtain predictions of dielectric constants of syntactic foams. The semi-empirical predictions obtained from Maxwell–Garnett models are closer to the experimental values. Lightweight syntactic foams, tailored for electrical properties, can be useful in electronic packaging applications.
Breast Tomosynthesis: a Replacement or an Adjunct to Conventional Diagnostic Mammography?

Mammography is the current standard for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Conventional mammography, a 2D representation of a 3D structure, is limited in sensitivity and specificity by overlapping tissue. Digital breast tomosynthesis, or 3D mammography, overcomes this major limitation. Since it was approved in the US as an adjunct to 2D mammography in February 2011, digital breast tomosynthesis has become more widely available. Review of the limited world literature on digital breast tomosynthesis shows it to be a promising technique increasing the accuracy of mammography by improving detection, localization, and characterization of findings. Here we review the potential benefits and disadvantages of digital breast tomosynthesis for screening and diagnosis, and describe the latest advances in tomosynthesis technology, including synthesized 2D imaging that may render the conventional 2D mammogram obsolete.
Zebrafish Wnt9b synteny and expression during first and second arch, heart, and pectoral fin bud morphogenesis.

Roles for Wnt9b in craniofacial development are indicated by the cleft lip mutant phenotype observed in the A/WySn mouse strain,1 caused by a retrotransposon insertion mutation at the Wnt9b locus. Analyses of the zebrafish Wnt9b ortholog, wnt9b, were pursued to provide insight into early vertebrate craniofacial patterning events mediated by Wnt9b signaling. Zebrafish wnt9b cDNA clones were isolated and found to encode an open reading frame of 358 amino acids, with 68% amino acid identity to mouse Wnt9b and 70% amino acid identity to human WNT9B. Syntenic analyses demonstrated that wnt9b and wnt3 exist as a contiguous pair in amniote vertebrate species, and that these genes are separate in the zebrafish and Takifugu genomes. During the pharyngula period, a time of extensive growth and morphogenesis, zebrafish wnt9b exhibits discrete expression in dorsal and ventral first and second branchial arch tissues, the heart, and pectoral fin buds. These analyses suggest that in zebrafish, as in humans, wnt9b plays distinct roles in directing morphogenetic movements of developing branchial arch elements, and identify the zebrafish as a useful developmental model for the study of human craniofacial cleft lip and palate.
Technical Notes: A Technique to Minimize the Adverse Effects Associated with Handling and Marking Salmonid Smolts

Abstract A system that allows anesthetization of juvenile salmonids before netting during a handling and marking operation is described. Our purpose for designing the system was to reduce or minimize any debilitating effects associated with these activities. When compared with smolts handled and marked in the traditional manner, use of the technique resulted in a significant reduction in the mortality of naturally migrating smolts of spring-summer chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during a posthandling and marking seawater challenge performance test. The treatment resulted in lower, but not significantly lower, plasma cortisol levels; however, sample sizes may have been too small for statistical verification. With a little ingenuity, the technique should be adaptable to most smolt handling or marking operations.
Dynamic analysis and evolution of mixed materials bombarded with multiple ions beams

Abstract Materials modification and response to the impact of energetic particles is an important ongoing research area in several applications. This includes both experimental and theoretical work. We updated and improved our models for the simulation of Ion Transport in Materials and Compounds (ITMC-DYN), part of HEIGHTS package, to now include dynamic changing of materials composition as result of multiple ion beams bombardment and target atoms mixing, segregation, and diffusion. Implemented models consider detail processes of simultaneous and multiple ions penetration and mixing, scattering, reflection, physical and chemical sputtering of composite material atoms, dynamic surface evolution/modification, thermal diffusion, and surface segregation and recombination of species in multicomponent alloys. For benchmarking of the models we compared our simulations results with several recent experimental data for nanoapplications and for the developments of future fusion energy systems. Simulation of tungsten surface evolution and modification under the impact of hydrogen ions with carbon impurities demonstrated good agreement with recent experiments. Details of surface erosion and conditions for blisters formation as a function of fluence and material temperature were also analyzed and explained.
Identification of Mannheimia haemolytica Adhesins Involved in Binding to Bovine Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Mannheimia haemolytica, a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract in cattle, is the principal bacterial pathogen associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. Adherence to the respiratory mucosa is a crucial event in its pathogenesis. However, the bacterial components that contribute to this process are not fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that M. haemolytica adhered to bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBEC) in vitro and that adherence was inhibited by anti-M. haemolytica antibody. Western blot analysis of M. haemolytica proteins that bind to BBEC showed a dominant protein band with an apparent molecular mass of ~30 kDa. Peptide sequences for the 30-kDa BBEC-binding proteins, as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, matched two M. haemolytica surface proteins: heat-modifiable outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and lipoprotein 1 (Lpp1). Western blotting showed that the 30-kDa protein band is recognized by both anti-M. haemolytica OmpA and anti-Lpp1 antibodies. Furthermore, incubation with anti-OmpA and anti-Lpp1 antibodies significantly inhibited M. haemolytica binding to BBEC monolayers. In summary, these results suggest that OmpA and Lpp1 contribute to adherence of M. haemolytica to bovine respiratory epithelial cells.
Viability Kernels and Control Sets

This paper analyzes the relation of viability kernels and control sets of control affine systems. A viability kernel describes the largest closed viability domain contained in some closed subset Q of the state space. On the other hand, control sets are maximal regions of the state space where approximate controllability holds. It turns out that the viability kernel of Q can be represented by the union of domains of attraction of chain control sets, defined relative to the given set Q . In particular, with this result control sets and their domains of attraction can be computed using techniques for the computation of attractors and viability kernels.
Conformational preference of [4.4.2]-propella-3,8-dienes derived from single-crystal x-ray analysis and molecular mechanics calculations.

Abstract The crystal structure of [4.4.2]-propella-3,8-diene-11-one ( 6 ) and −11,12-dione ( 7 ) coupled with molecular mechanics calculations strongly suggest that [4.4.2]-propella-3,8-diene ( 5 ) exists predominantly in the E , E -conformation.
Abraham in Romans 4: The Father of All Who Believe

In Romans 4 Paul turns to the scriptural figure of Abraham, a vivid personification of faith and obedience in Jewish thought. While the most obvious reason for Paul's depiction of Abraham is to undermine any use of Abraham as a counterexample to his foregoing argument, Paul turns the common Jewish conception of Abraham on its head and offers him instead as positive support for his own position. The nature of Paul's argument in the previous two chapters of Romans has been identified by James Dunn and others as rejecting the Jewish assumption that covenant privileges are strictly associated with ethnic Israel and therefore unavailable to Gentiles. Over against the Torah, Paul has instead offered faith as the identifier or boundary marker of those who are members in God's people – a difference which allows Gentiles full participation in the covenant.
House allocation with indifferences: a generalization and a unified view

We consider the problem of reallocating indivisible objects amongst a set of agents when the preference ordering of each agent may contain indifferences. The same model, but with strict preferences, goes back to the seminal work of Shapley and Scarf in 1974. When preferences are strict, we now know that the Top-Trading Cycles (TTC) mechanism invented by Gale is Pareto efficient, strategy-proof, and finds a core allocation, and that it is the only mechanism satisfying these properties. In the extensive literature on this problem since then, the TTC mechanism has been characterized in multiple ways, establishing its central role within the class of all allocation mechanisms. The question motivating our work is the extent to which these results can be generalized to the setting with indifferences. Our main contribution is a general framework to design strategyproof mechanisms that find a Pareto optimal allocation in the weak-core. Along the way, we establish a sufficient condition for a mechanism (within a broad class of mechanisms) to be strategyproof and use this condition to design fast algorithms for finding a "good" reallocation. Our results generalize and unify two (different) mechanisms for the reallocation problem derived, independently of each other, by Manjunath and Jaramillo, and Alcalde-Unzu and Molis.
Colour-measuring instruments and their calibration

The types of instruments used for colour measurement of selfluminous and surface colours, and the choices available for their optical design, are described. Guidelines are given for selection of measurement conditions appropriate to different measurement applications. The important steps in calibrating and verifying the performance of colour-measuring instruments are described and the standards available for these procedures are discussed in detail.
Shape memory heat engines

The mechanical shape memory effect associated with a thermoelastic martensitic transformation can be used to convert heat directly into mechanical work. Laboratory simulation of two types of heat engine cycles (Stirling and Ericsson) has been performed to measure the amount of work available per cycle in a Ni-45 at% Ti alloy. Tensile deformations at ambient temperature induced martensite, while a subsequent increase in temperature, caused a reversion to the parent phase during which a load was carried through the strain recovery, i.e. work was accomplished. The amount of heat necessary to carry the engines through a cycle was estimated from calorimeter measurements and the work performed per cycle. The measured efficiency of the system tested reached a maximum of 1.4% which was well below the theoretical (Carnot) maximum efficiency of 35.6%.
Common genetic and environmental contributions to post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence in young women.

Background The few genetically informative studies to examine post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD), all of which are based on a male veteran sample, suggest that the co-morbidity between PTSD and AD may be attributable in part to overlapping genetic influences, but this issue has yet to be addressed in females.MethodData were derived from an all-female twin sample (n=3768) ranging in age from 18 to 29 years. A trivariate genetic model that included trauma exposure as a separate phenotype was fitted to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to PTSD and the degree to which they overlap with those that contribute to AD, after accounting for potential confounding effects of heritable influences on trauma exposure. Results Additive genetic influences (A) accounted for 72% of the variance in PTSD; individual-specific environmental (E) factors accounted for the remainder. An AE model also provided the best fit for AD, for which heritability was estimated to be 71%. The genetic correlation between PTSD and AD was 0.54. Conclusions The heritability estimate for PTSD in our sample is higher than estimates reported in earlier studies based almost exclusively on an all-male sample in which combat exposure was the precipitating traumatic event. However, our findings are consistent with the absence of evidence for shared environmental influences on PTSD and, most importantly, the substantial overlap in genetic influences on PTSD and AD reported in these investigations. Additional research addressing potential distinctions by gender in the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on PTSD is merited.
SOSP diversity workshop

In this paper, we report on the activities at the 2009 SOSP Diversity Workshop. The workshop contained a mix of technical presentations and mentoring sessions, providing traditionally underrepresented students with a unique opportunity to get advice from established researchers in academia and industry. Feedback surveys suggest that many attendees received valuable career guidance.
7 Interactions involving inhalational agents

A combination of intravenous and inhalational agents to achieve a balanced anaesthetic state is common practice in modern day anaesthetic management. A recent survey of mortality in 100 000 anaesthetics revealed that the practice of combining several drugs to administer anaesthesia may be safer than the use of only one or two drugs (Cohen et al, 1988); the relative odds of dying within 7 days was 2.9 times greater when one or two anaesthetic drugs were used compared to when three or more were used. Hence, the skilful use of multiple anaesthetic agents is preferable in maintaining smooth anaesthesia and optimal patient care while reducing side-effects of the component drugs. Drug combinations may produce additive, synergistic and even antagonistic effects. Through an understanding of the pharmacodynamic interaction involving volatile anaesthetics and the pharmacokinetic processes responsible for the recovery from drug effect, optimal dosing schemes can be developed. This chapter aims to provide a review of these pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic principles that will allow clinicians to administer drugs to provide a more optimal anaesthetic and achieve a more rapid recovery.
Cover Picture: Tuning the Rate-Dependent Stiffness of Materials by Exploiting Néel Relaxation of Magnetic Nanoparticles (Adv. Funct. Mater. 3/2008)

The effective stiffness of materials impregnated with magnetic nanoparticles can be modulated by magnetic fields if the nanoparticle Neel relaxation rates are slower than the characteristic deformation rates, report T. Alan Hatton and co-workers on p 462. Analysis indicates that the deflection of magnetic dipoles against the applied magnetic field on deformation of the material provides the energy absorption necessary for the enhanced stiffness observed in drop ball impact tests. The penetration depth, fraction of the impact energy that is absorbed by the rotating dipoles, and the effective increase in stiffness depend on the ratio of the characteristic magnetic energy density relative to the elastic energy density, and on the shape of the impacting object. Magnetic Nanoparticles Hybrid nanostructures with two or more nanoscale components have attracted much attention recently owing to the synergistic properties induced by interactions between the different components. Hao Zeng and Shouheng Sun give an overview on p. 391 of efforts to synthesize multicomponent nanoparticles with at least one magnetic component, and focus on our recent developments. Such nanoparticles show interesting magnetic, magneto-optical, plasmonic, and semiconducting properties, which can be modulated by interfacial interactions between different components, opening a new avenue to advanced multifunctional nanomaterials for device concepts and applications. Sensors Imprinted polymer films for the selective analysis of D-glucose and D-mannose can be prepared by co-electropolymerization of phenol with a 3-hydroxyphenyl boronic acid-monosaccharide complex containing D-glucose or D-mannose on a gold support. Itamar Willner and co-workers report on p. 478 that the analysis of the monosaccharides is based on a competitive electrochemical assay that employs the ferrocene-modified-monosaccharides as the redox label. Similarly, enantioselectivity is demonstrated by the imprint of D-glucose recognition sites on the polymer and the application of the redox-active indicator. Light-Emitting Diodes Color tuning of cyclometalated iridium phosphors can be achieved by simple tailoring of the phenyl ring of ppy (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine) with various main-group moieties in [Ir(ppy-X)2(acac)]. This can be achieved by shifting the charge-transfer character from the pyridyl groups in traditional iridium ppy-type complexes to the electron-withdrawing main-group moieties, as shown by Wai-Yeung Wong, Dongge Ma, Todd Marder, and co-workers on p. 499. This new color tuning strategy provides access to IrIII phosphors with improved electron injection/electron transporting features essential for highly efficient, color-switchable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
A unified approach to aggregation based upon mom and mam operators

The focus of this article is on the issue of information aggregation. We introduce two new aggregation operators, called MOM and MAM operators, which are, respectively, generalized and and or operators. We describe their relationship to the multivalued logic triangular norm operators and show how they generalize these operators by weakening the associativity property. We provide a duality theorem between these new operators. We present some special classes of these operators. We extend these operators to allow for weighted aggregations, which enable us to include importances. We introduce some families of these weighted MOM and MAM operators. We show how the typical neural aggregation is a special class of these weighted MOM and MAM operators. This generalization allows us to consider neural network and fuzzy logic methods in the same framework. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modeling of Solid Waste Flow and Mixing on the Traveling Grate of a Waste-to-Energy Combustion Chamber

Mixing of the highly non-homogeneous municipal solid wastes (MSW) on the traveling grate of mass-burn combustion chambers assists the combustion process in waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities. A matrix-based Markov chain model was developed to simulate particle flow and mixing as the solid waste particles travel over a reverse acting Martin grate. The model was used to project the pathway of a solid waste particle over a time series, in the bottom layer of the bed that is in contact with the bars of the grate. Further analytical and experimental work is planned in order to develop this model to a useful tool for designing future moving grate systems and increasing the combustion efficiency of existing WTEs.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The effects of excitotoxic hippocampal lesions in rats on risperidone- and olanzapine-induced locomotor suppression.

Previous studies have shown that excitotoxic hippocampal lesions in rats attenuate the ability of different doses of haloperidol, but not of clozapine, to suppress locomotor activity. The purpose of the present study was to determine if kainic acid-induced hippocampal damage reduces the degree of locomotor suppression produced by two relatively newer antipsychotic drugs, risperidone and olanzapine. Young adult male rats received bilateral intracerebroventricular infusions of the excitotoxin, kainic acid (KA), or vehicle and were tested for locomotor responses to drug treatment 30 days later. Infusions of KA produced neuronal loss in the CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus in every rat. As reported previously, KA lesions reduced the ability of haloperidol (0.35 mg/kg) to completely suppress the locomotor activity elicited by amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) relative to the effect of haloperidol in non-lesioned controls. Lesioned animals treated with a moderate dose of risperidone (1.4 mg/kg) also exhibited significantly more locomotor activity after amphetamine treatment in comparison to control animals. A trend toward greater activity was also observed in the lesioned group relative to the control group after olanzapine (3.0 mg/kg) injection (p = .09, 2-tailed). The locomotor effects of lower and higher doses of risperidone and olanzapine were not altered by kainic acid lesions. These data suggest that the locomotor-suppressive effects of moderate doses of risperidone and, perhaps, olanzapine involve hippocampal neurons, but that higher doses of each drug can suppress activity in a hippocampal-independent manner.
Hardware techniques for analog processing using the State Systems PDP-8 I/O interface

Methods are described for construction and use of an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter system which is interfaced with a PDP-8/E through the State Systems interface. Eight bits of one input word are used to bring the results of A/D conversion into the accumulator, and four bits of an output word supply convert and channel-select pulses for the A/D converter and associated eight-channel multiplexer. With a Datei ADC-EH8B1 A/D converter, which digitizes a sample in 4.0 microsec, the system software can perform a conversion in 18.8 microsec. Approximate cost of parts for fabricating the hardware is about $120. Examples of software incorporating the A/D capability are presented for a laboratory computer system used to measure operant response force.