cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using genital self-image, body image, and sexual behaviors to predict gynecological exam behaviors of college women.

ABSTRACT Introduction Despite the benefits of gynecological exams, they continue to be underused. A woman's decision to seek gynecological care may be influenced by a number of factors including genital image, body image, and sexual behaviors. Aims The purpose of this study was to assess if genital self‐image, body image, and sexual behaviors predict gynecological exam behaviors among a convenience sample of college women. Methods Data were collected from female students enrolled in health‐related courses at a large southern university. A total of 450 completed surveys were collected. Main Outcome Measure Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze participant characteristics. Reliability analyses were conducted to assess internal consistency of scales used within the study, using Cronbach's alpha coefficient as an indicator of this reliability. Predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) was used to indicate the predictor, or group of predictors, best suited to predict gynecological exam behaviors of college women. Results Hit rates yielded from the PDA indicate the number of cases correctly predicted by the classification functions, with higher hit rates being indicative of better predictive capabilities. The following variables were found to be most predictive of gynecological exam behaviors: (i) having had a vaginal intercourse (VI) partner during the past 3 months (68.2%); (ii) genital self‐image paired with having had a VI partner (68.2%); (iii) having had a VI partner paired with having had an anal intercourse (AI) partner during the past 3 months (68.2%); and (iv) genital self‐image, VI, and AI combined (68.2%). Conclusion VI behavior was found to be the primary predictor of gynecological exam behavior in the current study. Understanding the factors influencing a woman's decision to engage in regular gynecological exams is important in order for health and medical professionals to address the limiting factors in this preventive health measure. DeMaria AL, Hollub AV, and Herbenick D. Using genital self‐image, body image, and sexual behaviors to predict gynecological exam behaviors of college women. J Sex Med 2011;8:2484–2492.
Methodological and life span factors can modulate gender differences in the analgesic response to stress

D rs. Fillingim and Maixner provide a very thorough and much-needed review and integration of the literature regarding sex differences in the response to noxious stimuli. From their extensive literature review, it is apparent that the majority of well-controlled human investigations indicate that women exhibit more pain behavior than men, particularly with respect to noxious mechanical stimuli with tonic stimulus characteristics. The authors provide an anatomical framework showing the many possible levels in the pain pathway at which gender may influence the response to noxious stimuli. A few points addressed in this review need further consideration. One such point that is clear to any investigator attempting to make sense of the large and varied literature concerning gender differences in pain perception and pain inhibition is the lack of consistent findings across laboratories. These inconsistencies are especially bothersome in the animal literature, where subtleties in the experimental procedure that may highlight sociocultural differences between the sexes (e.g., experimenter gender and report bias) are not expected to playa role. Individual differences related to genetic factors are known to be very important in the response to noxious stimuli and the analgesic response to stress. Several laboratories, including ours, have addressed genetic factors as potential modulators of pain response. Inbred and selectively bred animals vary widely with respect to pain and analqesia."" Even-within the rodent literature, several strains of rats (e.g., Wistar, Long-Evans, Sprague-Dawley) and species (Mus musculus, Per-
Stochastic comparison of discounted rewards

It is well know that the expected exponentially discounted total reward for a stochastic process can also be defined as the expected total undiscounted reward earned before an independent exponential stopping time (let us call this the stopped reward). Feinberg and Fei (2009) recently showed that the variance of the discounted reward is smaller than the variance of the stopped reward. We strengthen this result to show that the discounted reward is smaller than the stopped reward in the convex ordering sense.
Divergent Biological Effects of Adenosine and Dibutyryl Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate on the Isolated Fat Cell

Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate stimulated production of carbon dioxide and lipid from glucose, whereas its dibutyryl derivative inhibited this conversion. Addition of the dibutyryl derivative to the isolated fat cell further stimulated lipolysis induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone, whereas addition of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate inhibited this lipolysis. Hence, measured by these two parameters, the biologic properties of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and its dibutyryl derivative are distinctly different.
Sex, Race, and Merit: Debating Affirmative Action in Education and Employment (review)

(2002). Sex, Race, and Merit: Debating Affirmative Action in Education and Employment. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 309-311.
The association between scab and some insect pests of apple fruit.

There was no association between lesions of apple scab incited by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) and damage done to unsprayed harvested mature fruit of ‘Jonathan’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Gallia Beauty’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh) by codling moth, Laspyeresia pomonella (L.), apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), or redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker). However, there was a negative association of apple scab and damage by rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) with ‘Jonathan’. When scab infestation was prevented by weekly spraying of half of each tree with dodine, the insect species tended to damage more sprayed than unsprayed fruit. Plum curculio showed a significant ovipositional preference for scabfree (sprayed) ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Rome Beauty’. In unsprayed, detached ‘Jonathan’ apples in trays, fruit with scab lesions had significantly more redbanded leafroller feeding scars than fruit without scab lesions.
Direct measurements of the reaction OH + CH2O → HCO + H2O at high temperatures

The reaction of hydroxyl [OH] radicals with formaldehyde [CH 2 O] was studied at temperatures ranging from 934 K to 1670 K behind reflected shock waves at an average total pressure of 1.6 atm. OH radicals were produced by shock-heating tert-butyl hydroperoxide [(CH 3 ) 3 -CO-OH], while 1,3,5-trioxane [(CH 2 O) 3 ] was used in the preshock mixtures to generate reproducible levels of CH 2 O. OH concentration time-histories were inferred from laser absorption using the well-characterized R 1 (5) line of the OH A-X (0, 0) band near 306.7 nm. Detailed error analyses, taking into account both experimental and mechanism-induced contributions, yielded uncertainty estimates of ′25% at 1595 K and ′15% at 1229 K for the rate of the reaction between CH 2 O and OH. These uncertainties are substantially lower than the factor of two uncertainty currently used for this reaction at high temperatures. The rate constants were fit with the recent low-temperature measurements of Sivakumaran et al. ( Phys Chem Chem Phys 2003,5,4821-4827) to the three-parameter form shown below; this fit reconciles experimental data on the title reaction at low, intermediate, and high temperatures (200-1670 K). k 2 = 7.82 × 10 7 T 1 . 6 3 exp(531/T(K))(cm 3 mol - 1 s - 1 ) The reaction of OH with CH 2 O was also studied using quantum chemical methods at the CCSD(T) level of theory using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The transition state for the H-atom metathesis reaction was located, and reaction rate coefficients were calculated. Reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements was obtained. The decomposition rate oftert-butyl hydroperoxide to a tert-butoxy radical and an OH radical was measured, and fit to the following form k 5 = 2.50 x 10 1 5 exp(-21640/T(K))(s - 1 ) Uncertainty limits for k 5 were estimated to be ′25% in the 900-1000 K temperature range, a marked reduction from the factor of 2-3 uncertainty currently recommended for this reaction in the literature.
Parental Decision Making about Technology and Quality in Child Care Programs.

This study investigated parental decision making about non-parental child care programs based on the technological and quality components of the program, both child-focused and parent-focused. Child-focused variables related to children’s access to technology such as computers, educational television programming, and the internet. Parent-focused variables related to parental access to observe the program via the internet, and methods of communication by teachers, as well as traditional indicators of quality such as experience and education of the caregivers and type of curriculum offered. The study investigated which of these variables were most influential to parents’ decision-making processes when choosing programs based on hypothetical scenarios. The study sought to examine which variables emerged as most important to parents, and whether these technological variables were more important than traditional indicators of quality, such as staff education level. A sample of 82 parents of children between the ages of 1 and 6 years (M = 3.6) completed a questionnaire gathering demographic information, as well as information about their perceptions of their children’s media usage. The questionnaire also included hypothetical scenarios created using the SPSS ORTHOPLAN procedure to examine technology related variables (both child-focused and parent-focused) and traditional quality indicators that emerged as most influential to the decision-making process when choosing a child care program. Using conjoint analysis, the results revealed that the child-focused technology variables that emerged as most influential to parents’ decision making were educational software usage, television usage, and internet availability. In regard to parent-focused variables, conjoint analyses revealed that experience of the caregivers, type of curriculum offered, and education level of the caregivers were more influential to the decision making process than the ability to observe the program via the internet or method of communication used by the provider. The results provide additional support for the importance of well-trained and experienced staff in child care programs, as well as for a developmentally appropriate curriculum. These findings suggest that administrators interested in marketing early child care programs should continue to focus on these traditional indicators of quality, rather than on improving parental access to the program via technology.
Frequency of alcohol consumption and morbidity and mortality: the Yugoslavia Cardiovascular Disease Study.

The association of frequency of alcohol consumption with the seven-year incidence of coronary heart-disease and with mortality both from all causes and from specific causes was examined in a cohort of 11 121 Yugoslav males aged 35-62 at the time of their initial examination. Consumption of alcohol seemed to be inversely related to incidence of coronary heart-disease morbidity and mortality, but not to risk of dying. Those consuming alcoholic beverages most frequently were at increased risk of death from stroke and accidents or violence. The frequency of alcohol consumption was associated with high blood-pressure and serum cholesterol levels. The associations with coronary heart disease and death from all causes could not be fully explained by these covariates.
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE GENE ENCODING MOUSE TRANSITION PROTEIN 2

The gene encoding the testis-specific basic chromosomal protein, mouse transition protein 2, is split by a single small intron that falls between the first and second nucleotides of a codon. Since the genes encoding protamines 1 and 2 and transition protein 1 in mammals contain a single intron in the same position, protamines and transition proteins appear to be evolutionarily related.
Cost, Average Returns, and Risk of Switching to Narrow Row Corn

The objective of this analysis was to compare the production cost, average profitability, and risk of corn (Zea mays L.) in 30 in, rows with rows of approximately 20 in. Baseline yield advantage estimates were made by pooling publicly available research data. A narrow row yield data set from Pioneer Hi-Bred International (Pioneer) was used to test the sensitivity of results. For the producer who currently uses a 30 in, row planter for corn only, narrow row corn would increase long term equipment costs by about $6.50/acre per yr. Much of the narrow row cost discussion has focused on equipment, but for many producers increased corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) insecticide costs would be more important. This analysis indicated that narrow row corn has potential economic advantages in the northern Corn Belt Some benefits and costs of narrow row corn could not be quantified in this analysis. These included use of narrow row planters for both corn and soybeans, potential for reduced herbicide use, increased stalk breakage, increased starter fertilizer, and business risks related to use of custom operators and resale value of equipment.
Inconsistent correlation of seismic layer 2a and lava layer thickness in oceanic crust

The oceanic crust makes up two thirds of the Earth's surface and has been studied for many years, yet the processes by which it is formed are still not fully understood. One problem is inaccessibility: only a tiny fraction of it has been subjected to drilling and sampling (the tools of geology), so much relies on remote sensing techniques such as seismic exploration (the tools of geophysics). These two approaches have led to some confusion over crustal structure. Christeson et al. set out to reconcile the two by a direct comparison between seismic interpretations and geologic mapping. The new data question the idea that seismic layer 2A correlates with lava layer thickness. Instead the layer 2A reflection seems to correspond to an alteration boundary within the lava layer. At mid-ocean ridges with fast to intermediate spreading rates, the upper section of oceanic crust is composed of lavas overlying a sheeted dyke complex. These units are formed by dykes intruding into rocks overlying a magma chamber, with lavas erupting at the ocean floor. Seismic reflection data acquired over young oceanic crust commonly image a reflector known as ‘layer 2A’, which is typically interpreted as defining the geologic boundary between lavas and dykes1,2,3. An alternative hypothesis is that the reflector is associated with an alteration boundary within the lava unit4,5,6. Many studies have used mapped variability in layer 2A thickness to make inferences regarding the geology of the oceanic crust, including volcanic construction, dyke intrusion and faulting7,8,9,10. However, there has been no link between the geologic and seismological structure of oceanic crust except at a few deep drill holes. Here we show that, although the layer 2A reflector is imaged near the top of the sheeted dyke complex at fast-spreading crust located adjacent to the Hess Deep rift, it is imaged significantly above the sheeted dykes section at intermediate-spreading crust located near the Blanco transform fault. Although the lavas and underlying transition zone thicknesses differ by about a factor of two, the shallow seismic structure is remarkably similar at the two locations. This implies that seismic layer 2A cannot be used reliably to map the boundary between lavas and dykes in young oceanic crust. Instead we argue that the seismic layer 2A reflector corresponds to an alteration boundary that can be located either within the lava section or near the top of the sheeted dyke complex of oceanic crust.
Fuelwood production utilizing Pinus eldarica and sewage sludge fertilizer

Abstract The response of P. eldarica to soil amendments and irrigation regimes was evaluated. Treatments included 67 t ha−1 ∗ sewage sludge, 67 t ha−1 steer manure, 84 kg ha−1 21-0-0 inorganic fertilizer and control. Plots were flood irrigated to a depth of 5 cm and irrigation treatments were applied at 7-, 14- or 21-day intervals. Sewage sludge increased growth response, while height growth decreased as irrigation frequency increased. Results indicate that sludge fertilized P. eldarica plantations could provide needed fuelwood resources for mitigating the energy crisis in many arid and semiarid regions.
Previous Fires Moderate Burn Severity of Subsequent Wildland Fires in Two Large Western US Wilderness Areas

Wildland fire is an important natural process in many ecosystems. However, fire exclusion has reduced frequency of fire and area burned in many dry forest types, which may affect vegetation structure and composition, and potential fire behavior. In forests of the western U.S., these effects pose a challenge for fire and land managers who seek to restore the ecological process of fire to ecosystems. Recent research suggests that landscapes with unaltered fire regimes are more ‘‘self-regulating’’ than those that have experienced fire-regime shifts; in self-regulating systems, fire size and severity are moderated by the effect of previous fire. To determine if burn severity is moderated in areas that recently burned, we analyzed 117 wildland fires in 2 wilderness areas in the western U.S. that have experienced substantial recent fire activity. Burn severity was measured using a Landsat satellitebased metric at a 30-m resolution. We evaluated (1) whether pixels that burned at least twice since 1984 experienced lower burn severity than pixels that burned once, (2) the relationship between burn severity and fire history, pre-fire vegetation, and topography, and (3) how the moderating effect of a previous fire decays with time. Results show burn severity is significantly lower in areas that have recently burned compared to areas that have not. This effect is still evident at around 22 years between wildland fire events. Results further indicate that burn severity generally increases with time since and severity of previous wildfire. These findings may assist land managers to anticipate the consequences of allowing fires to burn and provide rationale for using wildfire as a ‘‘fuel treatment’’.
Contextual Amplification or Attenuation of the Impact of Pubertal Timing on Mexican-Origin Boys' Mental Health Symptoms

Purpose To examine the role of neighborhood contextual variation in the putative association between pubertal timing and internalizing and externalizing symptoms among Mexican-origin boys.
The effect of manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (maneb) on some chemical constituents of Colletotrichum capsici

Abstract Quantitative changes in certain important cell constituents of the fungus Colletotrichum capsici after exposure to lethal amounts of manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (maneb) are reported for the first time. Changes in certain bound and free amino acids, organic acids, purines, pyrimidines, phosphorus, and nitrogen were noted. In particular, marked increases in succinic acid and free aspartic and glutamic acids and a loss of orthophosphate and nitrogen to the external medium indicate a blocking of the succinic acid dehydrogenase enzyme system and an alteration in cell membrane permeability.
Integrin-associated protein (CD47) and its ligands

Integrin-associated protein (IAP or CD47) is a receptor for thrombospondin family members, a ligand for the transmembrane signaling protein SIRP alpha and a component of a supramolecular complex containing specific integrins, heterotrimeric G proteins and cholesterol. Peptides containing a VVM motif in the C-terminal domain of thrombospondins are agonists for CD47, initiating heterotrimeric Gi protein signaling that augments the functions of integrins of the beta 1, beta 2 and beta 3 families, thus modulating a range of cell activities including platelet activation, cell motility and adhesion, and leukocyte adhesion, migration and phagocytosis.
Probabilistic discovery of time series motifs

Several important time series data mining problems reduce to the core task of finding approximately repeated subsequences in a longer time series. In an earlier work, we formalized the idea of approximately repeated subsequences by introducing the notion of time series motifs. Two limitations of this work were the poor scalability of the motif discovery algorithm, and the inability to discover motifs in the presence of noise.Here we address these limitations by introducing a novel algorithm inspired by recent advances in the problem of pattern discovery in biosequences. Our algorithm is probabilistic in nature, but as we show empirically and theoretically, it can find time series motifs with very high probability even in the presence of noise or "don't care" symbols. Not only is the algorithm fast, but it is an anytime algorithm, producing likely candidate motifs almost immediately, and gradually improving the quality of results over time.
Polynomial discriminants. 2. Tensor diagrams

Recently I've been playing with diagrammatic ways of doing algebra and have come up with a lot of interesting results. This article presents the first of these - using tensor diagrams to compute discriminants of polynomials and to solve a related problem: line-curve tangency. I believe that the Einstein index notation can help us think about these and similar problems and allow us to come up with solutions that we wouldn't find any other way.
Principal lipid classes and fatty acids synthesized during growth and development of the beetle Lyctus planicollis

Abstract Southern lyctus beetle larvae, Lyctus planicollis , incorporated [U 4 C] glucose into palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids. These fatty acids were incorporated mainly into triglycerides, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Qualitatively, the lipid class spectrum remained unchanged throughout development. Lipid content remained constant during embryonic development, but decreased during the hatching of larvae. Lipids increased quantitatively during larval development and were utilized during the transitions from larva to pupa and pharate adult, and from pupa and pharate adult to emergent adult. Larvae failed to develop on a low-fat diet and, since linoleic acid and sterols were not synthesized from glucose, it is concluded that these are probably essential dietary components.
On the Influence of Chirality on the Scattering Response of a Chiral Scatterer

Exactly how the handedness of an optically active scatterer affects its electromagnetic (EM) response is a question of importance in EM field theory. It has been shown here that the presence of handedness (chirality) in a scatterer does so by modifying the charge and current densities included on its surface when it is being illuminated by an EM field. Field-theoretic arguments found in any standard textbook on classical EM theory have been used to establish this conclusion.
Engaging Scholarship With Communities

A pedagogy of engagement links faculty and students to the needs of local communities while promoting academic success through higher retention and graduation rates in higher education. This work describes engaged scholarship and shares guidelines for documenting student engagement and critical reflection across the higher education curriculum. Insights and recommendations are based on 8 years of engaged scholarship efforts at a Hispanic Serving Institution serving students and community on the U.S.-Mexico border.
“Eyeball” POP-Q examination: shortcut or valid assessment tool?

The objective of this study was to compare the results of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) examination by visual estimation to measurement. Women with pelvic organ prolapse underwent both “eyeball”/estimated and measured POP-Q examinations by two trained examiners in a randomized order. POP-Q points and stage were analyzed using the paired t test, chi-square, Pearson’s correlation, and kappa statistics. Fifty subjects had a mean age of 60, mean BMI 27.8, and median parity of 2. The POP-Q stages by the measured technique were 18% (9/50) stage 1, 38% (19/50) stage 2, 44% (22/50) stage 3, and 0% (0/50) stage 4. The POP-Q stages based on estimation and measurement were highly associated (p 0.05). Among examiners who routinely perform POP-Q examinations, there is no significant difference between “eyeball”/estimated and measured POP-Q values and stage.
Carbon and phosphorus relaxation in some phenylphosphorus compounds

Abstract Carbon and phosphorus relaxation times have been determined for several phenylphosphorus compounds. The relaxation time for the α carbon is dominated by the dipole-dipole mechanism at lower temperature and the spin-rotation mechanism at high temperature. All other carbons in these molecules are relaxed predominantly by the dipole-dipole mechanism, except that at the highest temperatures a spin-overall rotation mechanism becomes important for some. The importance of the spin-rotation mechanism is related to chemical shielding. The chemical shift anisotropy mechanism makes a significant contribution to phosphorus relaxation in most of these compounds. Spin-rotation is also a significant mechanism, while the dipole-dipole mechanism is apparently relatively unimportant in phenylphosphorus compounds.
Anti-idiotypic antibodies to monoclonal antibodies that neutralize coxsackievirus B4 do not recognize viral receptors.

Abstract We have made anti-idiotypic antibodies in rabbits against three mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibodies with specificities for independent epitopes on Coxsackievirus B 4 . Each of these anti-idiotypic antibodies was found to react specifically with the immunizing monoclonal antibody in radioimmunoassays and did not react with the other monoclonal antibodies. In addition, the anti-idiotypic antibodies specifically inhibited the function (i.e., virus neutralization) of the immunizing antibody. These anti-idiotypic antibodies were tested for their ability to recognize receptors for Coxsackievirus B 4 as measured by their ability to inhibit the attachment of radiolabeled virus to cellular receptors. The anti-idiotypic antibodies did not block the binding of Coxsackievirus B 4 to monkey kidney cells. Moreover, when tested for their ability to bind to other receptor positive cells, none of the anti-idiotypic antibodies bound above control levels. Anti-idiotypic antibodies did induce a small anti-anti-idiotypic antibody response in mice when tested by radioimmunoassay; however, little if any virus neutralizing activity was found in the sera of these mice. Our results contrast to those reported for anti-idiotypic antibodies in several other virus systems and suggest that not all anti-idiotypic antibodies made against neutralizing antibodies are capable of eliciting an antiviral immune response or binding to viral receptors on cells.
Micromechanics in the theory of cochlear mechanics

Abstract The consensus of empirical data suggests that the shear motion between the tectorial membrane and the reticular lamina, which is believed to control the stimulation of the hair cells, is more sharply tuned than the transversal vibration of the basilar membrane. Interaction between the length of basilar-membrane waves and the longitudinal coupling within the tectorial membrane may contribute to the required sharpening. However, such a mechanism is unlikely to be sufficient, acting alone. Simple calculations indicate that damping of the tectorial membrane coupled viscoelastically to the organ of Corti is low enough to allow the system to exhibit local radial responses above about 150 Hz. Some effects of such resonances are illustrated by means of simple mechanical models. In particular, it is demonstrated that radial vibration of the tectorial membrane nearly at right angles to the transversal vibration of the basilar membrane constitutes an inherently nonlinear system. The radial vibration can produce strong loading of the basilar membrane, affecting its tuning and introducing nonlinearities. Nonlinear longitudinal coupling within the tectorial membrane, if present, can produce quadratic and cubic distortion products and strong two-tone suppression by second tones at frequencies above and below the resonance frequency. Such a coupling is suggested by the finding that, in the alligator lizard, the part of auditory papilla endowed with a tectorial membrane produces both effects, but the part not so endowed does not.
Changes in income distributions in China in the process of economic reform in the 1980s: A welfare approach

Abstract This paper examines the changes in China's income distributions in the 1980s. Lorenz curves of annual income distributions are estimated separately for the urban and rural sectors using the Kakwani technique and Gini coefficients are then calculated from the Lorenz curves. Social welfare functions with defensible properties are used to rank these distributions. We find that in the 1980s period inequality in both the urban and rural sectors had increased. But before 1985, rise in mean income had more than compensated for the worsening of equality. Hence welfare was improved. Since 1985, real income has not increased sufficiently. It is argued that China in the late 1980s is not better than China in early 1980s.
The prevalence of rotator cuff weakness in patients with injured hands.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to document bilateral rotator cuff strength in patients with unilateral hand or wrist disorders. Methods Fifty-seven patients who had suffered a unilateral injury or disorder isolated to their hand or wrist, distal to the distal radius, had their bilateral rotator cuff strength measured. Results A statistically significant decrease in strength was found in the ipsilateral shoulder for both elevation in the plane of the scapula (supraspinatus) and for elevated external rotation (infraspinatus). Younger patients and the nondominant extremity were affected more adversely. Conclusions An increased prevalence of rotator cuff weakness is shown proximal to ipsilateral hand injuries or disorders.
From exercise to socialize: Improving peer relationships in the fitness center

Increasingly, research and design into multiplayer games and social interaction amongst remote and local game participants is becoming a consistent topic in game design and HCI [4]. After six months of ethnographic investigation, empirical study and developing prototypes, we have designed and developed a novel solution in the fitness and social interaction domains. In this paper we introduce "Calorie Cruncher", an interactive game in a fitness center, designed to instigate social interactions in the gym. In this paper we [i] discuss the results of our ethnographic study and highlight the problem space [ii] illustrate our design process after six months of research, design, and development [iii] evaluate our results from the Wizard of Oz usability test while we look at multi user engagement. Our evaluation indicated three major findings: the Calorie Cruncher game was liked by all participants, there are two sub-populations of fitness center attendees: the unsocial and social gym-goers, and the Calorie Cruncher provides a good common ground for social interaction through competition.
Heavy metals in sediments and uptake by burrowing mayflies in western Lake Erie basin

Abstract During the past two decades, burrowing Hexagenia mayflies have returned to the western basin of Lake Erie. Because of their importance as a prey resource for higher trophic levels and their extensive residence time in potentially contaminated sediment, Hexagenia may be a source of heavy metal transfer. To better understand the distribution and transfer of heavy metals in sediment and mayflies, sediment and mayfly nymphs were collected from 24 locations across the western basin of Lake Erie in May 2007. Following USEPA protocols, samples were analyzed for 16 elements using ICP-OES or ICP-MS. Metal concentrations in the sediments exceeded the Threshold Effect Level for at least one metal at all sample sites. Sediment heavy metal distribution profiles indicate metal concentrations are correlated with organic matter content, and the highest heavy metal concentrations were found in the central deeper region of the western basin where organic content in the sediments was greatest. Hexagenia were distributed throughout the western basin, with greatest density (1350/m 2 ) within the Detroit River plume. The Cd and Zn levels in mayflies were on average approximately 4 and 2 times greater, respectively, than sediment levels, and the Cd concentrations in the sediments exceeded the Threshold Effect Level at 27 of 28 sites and exceeded the Probable Effect Level at 9 of 28 sites. Spatial representation of heavy metal concentrations in mayflies exhibited a similar pattern to the spatial distribution of heavy metals and organic matter in the sediments with higher concentrations of metals found in mayflies residing in the central deeper region of the western basin.
Equivalent Circuits in Stability Studies

Representation of ``receiving-end'' systems by simplified equivalent circuits, for use in steady state stability studies of electric power transmission systems, is discussed in this paper. Various methods of approximate representation are analyzed, compared, and evaluated. Comparative analyses of a specific problem indicates that the simplified method that replaces the receiving-end system by an equivalent generator and an equivalent load is sufficiently accurate for engineering purposes.
An autoradiographic examination of corticocortical and subcortical projections of the mediodorsal‐projection (prefrontal) cortex in the rat

The efferent connections of the cortex projected upon by the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD-projection cortex) have been re-examined autoradiographically in the rat following the microelectrophoretic injection of 3H-proline-leucine into different parts of the medial and sulcal MD-projection cortex. Contrary to previous negative findings, the present experiments revealed a system of extensive corticocortical projections and indicated that different areas of the MD-projection cortex have distinctive patterns in both their corticocortical and subcortical projections. Thus, cell of Brodmann's area 32 send axons to the retrosplenial cortex, area 29d, the peri- and entorhinal cortices, and the presubiculum. Both supragenual and more posterior regions of area 24 project to the retrosplenial cortex and area 29d, but only the posterior portion projects additionally to the entorhinal area and presubiculum. The cortical targets of axons from the sulcal MD-projection cortex are mainly the anterior part of the piriform cortex and, for the posterolateral part of the sulcal cortex (insular area), the retrosplenial area, lateral entorhinal area, and presubiculum. While the medial and sulcal divisions of the MD-projection cortex project upon one another, the medial-to-sulcal projection is in general denser than its reciprocal. Earlier findings of projections to subcortical structures affiliated with the limbic system such as midline thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, and paramedian mesencephalic tegmentum are confirmed, and appear to originate primarily in area 32 and the insular part of the sulcal cortex. The corticothalamic projection to MD in general terms reciprocates the organization seen in the thalamocortical projection from the various subnuclei within MD. Previously undocumented projections are demonstrated mainly from area 32 of the medial cortex and the insular part of the sulcal cortex to the lateral and basal amygdaloid nuclei, the medial part of the lateral septal nucleus, the nucleus accumbens, and the deep layers of the olfactory tubercle; the medial part of the lateral habenular nucleus receives a projection from areas 32 and 24. Projections to the pretectal area and superior colliculus appear to originate from all parts of the medial MD-projection cortex, but are markedly denser when the posterior part of area 24 is injected. The distribution of this corticotectal projection shows a highly characteristic configuration in which areas of high grain concentration surround areas of lower grain concentration.
Covalent Super-Exchange in Solid State Physics

MAGNETIC coupling of next-to-nearest neighbours through a non-magnetic anion (super-exchange) has been explained by Anderson1 by considering ‘excited states’ in which a single electron in a p-orbital of the anion is transferred to one of the neighbouring cations. Goodenough and Loeb2 have emphasized correctly that such interactions are essentially covalent and have given the name ‘semi-covalence’ to Anderson's one-electron transfer. As stressed by Goodenough and Loeb, the increase in Curie or Neel temperatures in series such as MnO-FeO-CoO-NiO, or MnO-MnS-MnSe-MnTe, is evidence for the part played by covalence in magnetic coupling.
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: prenatal diagnosis and treatment.

CLINICAL PROBLEM Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) increases perinatal morbidity and mortality for 10 to 15% of monochorionic (MC) gestations. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MC gestations are at risk due to the angioarchitecture of the shared placenta, with anastomoses of varying type, size, and quantity. TTTS results from progression of a chronic perfusion imbalance across unbalanced placental anastomoses, typically arising between 15 and 26 weeks gestation. The resulting abnormal fetal blood volume levels and compensatory physiological responses lead to an increased risk for fetal death, end-organ damage, and preterm birth. PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS: Surveillance with ultrasound is essential for detection and treatment. TTTS is diagnosed once polyhydramnios occurs in the recipient (maximal vertical fluid pocket [MVP] > 8 cm) and oligohydramnios in the donor (MVP < 2 cm). The Quintero et al method is commonly used for staging, utilizing the presence or absence of donor bladder filling, abnormal fetal Doppler values, fetal hydrops, and demise. TREATMENT Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses is an effective treatment addressing the underlying pathophysiology. Further research is needed to improve survival rates, reduce risks of fetoscopy, and gain understanding of the prediction, assessment, and optimization of long-term outcomes for TTTS survivors.
High-resolution phase distortion compensation in adaptive interferometers

High resolution adaptive phase distortion suppression was experimentally demonstrated for laser interferometers using a liquid crystal television as a phase modulator and an opto-electronic feedback loop. The experiments were carried out for both amplitude division and rotational shear types of interferometers. The suggested iterative control algorithm is based solely on interference pattern information. The results of numerical simulations of a high resolution adaptive system based on rotational shear type interferometers show the system's potential for atmospheric turbulence phase distortion suppression.
In vivo imaging of multidrug resistance using a third generation MDR1 inhibitor.

Cellular up-regulation of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) is a common cause for resistance to chemotherapy; development of third generation MDR1 inhibitors—several of which contain a common 6,7-dimethoxy-2-phenethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline substructure—is underway. Efficacy of these agents has been difficult to ascertain, partly due to a lack of pharmacokinetic reporters for quantifying inhibitor localization and transport dynamics. Some of the recent third generation inhibitors have a pendant heterocycle, for example, a chromone moiety, which we hypothesized could be converted to a fluorophore. Following synthesis and teasing of a small set of analogues, we identified one lead compound that can be used as a cellular imaging agent that exhibits structural similarity and behavior akin to the latest generation of MDR1 inhibitors.
ALTERNATIVE MEASURES OF AGGREGATE EXCESS LABOR DEMAND

I. Introduction In a recent issue of this Journal, G. Briscoe and D.A. Peel present novel estimates of the relationship between aggregate excess labor demand and the rate of change of nominal wages. While I agree with their view that in explaining wage changes a more direct measure of excess labor demand than the unemployment rate would be preferred, I feel their method for calculating this measure is seriously flawed. While the authors explicitly hypothesize a disequilibrium process generating wage changes they ignore the implications labor market disequilibrium has for the estimation of their labor demand curve. I discuss below the implications of labor market disequilibrium for the Briscoe‐Peel method of estimating excess labor demand.
NATURAL ENEMIES AND INSECT ASSOCIATES OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN SUGAR PINE

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, and 68 associated insect species were reared from infested sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana. Portions of three infested trees were sectioned by height and the insects emerging from each were identified and recorded. In one tree the number of woodpecker strikes also was noted. The tops of two of the three trees were infested by another bark beetle, Pityophthorus confertus, and from these same two trees the most common parasite obtained was Macromesus americanus.
Voluntary formation of audit committees by large municipal governments

Abstract The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 requires that publicly-traded U.S. corporations have an audit committee in their internal control structure. In contrast to publicly-traded commercial firms, municipal governments are not required to form audit committees. Given that regulators believe it is a crucial aspect of internal control, we examine the extent to which city governments feature audit committees in the internal control structure. Based on a survey of financial managers from cities with populations greater than 100,000, we find that approximately 58% of the municipalities have such committees. Results indicate that larger and more financially viable cities are more likely to have audit committees. However, the form of municipal government and the quality of the local government’s financial reporting and audit processes are not significant determinants of the presence of an audit committee.
Accuracy of digital versus conventional implant impressions

Objective The accuracy of digital impressions greatly influences their clinical viability in implant restorations. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of gypsum models acquired from the conventional implant impression to digitally milled models created from direct digitalization by three-dimensional analysis. Materials and Methods Thirty gypsum and 30 digitally milled models, impressed directly from a reference model, were prepared. The models and reference model were scanned by a laboratory scanner, and 30 surface tessellation language datasets from each group were imported to an inspection software program. The datasets were aligned to the reference dataset by a repeated best-fit algorithm, and 10 specified contact locations of interest were measured in mean volumetric deviations. The areas were pooled by cusps, fossae, interproximal contacts, horizontal and vertical axes of implant position and angulation. The pooled areas were statistically analysed by comparing each group to the reference model to investigate the mean volumetric deviations accounting for accuracy and standard deviations for precision. Results Milled models from digital impressions had comparable accuracy to gypsum models from conventional impressions. However, differences in fossae and vertical displacement of the implant position from the gypsum and digitally milled models compared to the reference model exhibited statistical significance (P < 0.001, P = 0.020, respectively). Conclusion Milled models from digital impression are comparable to gypsum models from conventional impression.
Predicting accurate line shape parameters for CO2 transitions

Abstract The vibrational dependence of CO2 half-widths and line shifts are given by a modification of the model proposed by Gamache and Hartmann [Gamache R, Hartmann J-M. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 2004;83:119]. This model allows the half-widths and line shifts for a ro-vibrational transition to be expressed in terms of the number of vibrational quanta exchanged in the transition raised to a power and a reference ro-vibrational transition. Calculations were made for 24 bands for lower rotational quantum numbers from 0 to 160 for N2-, O2-, air-, and self-collisions with CO2. These data were extrapolated to J″=200 to accommodate several databases. Comparison of the CRB calculations with measurement gives very high confidence in the data. In the model a Quantum Coordinate is defined by (c1 |Δν1|+c2 |Δν2|+c3|Δν3|)p. The power p is adjusted and a linear least-squares fit to the data by the model expression is made. The procedure is iterated on the correlation coefficient, R, until [|R|−1] is less than a threshold. The results demonstrate the appropriateness of the model. The model allows the determination of the slope and intercept as a function of rotational transition, broadening gas, and temperature. From the data of the fits, the half-width, line shift, and the temperature dependence of the half-width can be estimated for any ro-vibrational transition, allowing spectroscopic CO2 databases to have complete information for the line shape parameters.
Abstract LB-265: ONO-AE3-208 inhibits myeloid derived suppressor cells and glioma growth

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) are up-regulated in all known solid tumors and suppress anti-tumor T-cell activity. Our recent studies have demonstrated the ability of monocytic, Ly6C+ MDSCs to promote glioma growth through the activation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway, which is responsible for plostaglandin-synthesis. ONO-AE3-208 is an antagonist of the prostaglandin E (EP)-4 receptor, which is an important positive feedback regulator of the COX-2 pathway. We thus examined the ability of ONO-AE3-208 to suppress MDSC activity in gliomas. ONO-AE3-208 treatment in mice bearing established GL261-quad glioma in the brain resulted in complete and persistent rejection of the tumors (n=4). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that gliomas in the ONO-AE3-208-treated mice were infiltrated by fewer numbers of Ly6C+ MDSCs compared with non-treated animals. We subsequently isolated glioma-infiltrating Ly6C+ MDSCs by flow-sorting to address their functions. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the Ly6C+ MDSCs derived from ONO-AE3-208 treated mice expressed lower levels of the Arg1 and Cox2 expression compared to control animals. Consistently, brain infiltrating leukocytes in ONO-AE3-208 treated tumor-bearing mice demonstrated enhanced Ifng expression compared with control mice, suggestive of enhanced T-cell activity. Our data demonstrate that ONO-AE3-208 may be useful in the treatment of glioma patients to suppress Ly6C+ MDSCs and promote anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: Kohanbash Gary, Erin Straw, Amram Averick, Brian Ahn, Matthew Smith-Cohn, Takayuki Ohkuri, Akemi Kosaka, Hideho Okada. ONO-AE3-208 inhibits myeloid derived suppressor cells and glioma growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-265. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-265