cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Selective Alkylphosphorylation of Propionylcholinesterase on the Regeneration of Acetylcholinesterase in the Aqueous Soluble Fraction of Superior Cervical Ganglia of the Rat Following Sarin

The rates of regeneration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and propionylcholinesterase (PrChE) in the supernatants of aqueous homogenates of rat superior cervical ganglia, centrifuged at 100,000 g for 90 min, were determined at 1, 3, 6, and 16 h following their inactivation (greater than 90%) by administration of sarin, 2.0 mumol/kg i.v. Values were compared with those in animals in which the PrChE was continually suppressed by the repeated, fractional administration of iso-OMPA, in a total dose of 10 or 20 mumol/kg i.p. These doses of iso-OMPA alone produced 96-99% inactivation of PrChE with no detectable effect on AChE. Significant suppression of AChE regeneration by iso-OMPA administration was noted only at 6 h; in contrast with earlier findings in the cat, administration of iso-OMPA alone caused no significant increase in ganglionic AChE activity.
Simulating nitrogen dynamics in soils using a deterministic model

. LEACHN is a deterministic model for simulating nitrogen dynamics in soil. Transport processes are based upon numerical solutions to the Richards equation for water flow and the convection-dispersion equation for solute transport. Transformations of urea, ammonium, nitrate and three organic pools are included, and the influence of water content and temperature can be reflected. Lack of measured input data sometimes limits the more general use of models such as these. Approaches to estimating data values using soil survey information and a limited number of measured data are discussed. Simple model sensitivity studies and a limited number of field measurements can guide the choice of input data values and lead to simulations that reflect the main features of the field soil nitrogen regime. Such an approach provides initial values for a modelling exercise, and improves intuition regarding the relative importance of processes and interactions in the field nitrogen cycle.
Patient understanding and satisfaction as predictors of compliance.

Patients' satisfaction with the communicative aspects of their medical visits and understanding of their prescription drug regimens were measured for a sample of visits to a prepaid medical plan in a mid-Atlantic metropolitan area. The 1367 patients, who visited either the Department of Adult Medici
Sex-role orientation: effect on self-esteem, need achievement and internality in college females.

This study investigated the effect of sex-role orientation on self-esteem, n Achievement, and internality in 98 college females. Specifically it was predicted that (a) college females possessing a non-traditional sex-role orientation would score higher in n Achievement than those possessing a traditional sex-role orientation; (b) no statistical difference would exist in the self-esteem scores of the two groups; and (c) the strength of the relationship between self-esteem and internality would vary for "non-traditional" (r = .41) and "traditional" females (r = .11). All three hypotheses received support from data of 98 undergraduates.
Curing and commerce: Changes in an indigenous medical practice in a highland Philippine town

The intrusion of the capitalist mode of production in Third World countries is usually accompanied by the expansion of cosmopolitan medicine. In most multi-ethnic societies, indigenous medical practices continue to persist, if not thrive, under these conditions for a variety of reasons. Urbanizing areas in particular may become focal points for the emergence of innovative role adaptations among indigenous curers. This paper describes the career development of an indigenous medical specialist in a highland Philippine town. The purpose is to suggest the importance of examining the lifestyle and socio-economic strategies pursued by curers in similar contexts. Such analysis can aid in the process of understanding the way in which particular individuals can perform significant buffer roles that promote the continued viability of medically plural practices and beliefs.
Two slice-EM algorithms for fitting generalized linear mixed models with binary response

The celebrated simplicity of the EM algorithm is somewhat lost in its common use for generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) because of its analytically intractable E-step. A natural and typical st...
Chemical kinetic prediction of critical parameters in gaseous detonations

A theoretical model including a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism, for hydrogen and hydrocarbon oxidation is used to examine the effects of variations in initial pressure and temperature on the kinetic induction properties of gaseous fuel-oxidizer mixtures. Fuels considered include hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. Induction lengths are computed for initial pressures between 0.01 and 10.0 atmospheres and initial temperatures between 200 K and 500 K. These induction lengths are then compared with available experimental data for critical energy and critical tube diameter for initiation of spherical detonation, as well as detonation limits in linear tubes. Combined with earlier studies concerning variations in fuel-oxidizer equivalence ratio and degree of dilution with N2, the model provides a unified treatment of fuel oxidation kinetics in detonations.
Graphene Metrology Using Fluorescence Quenching of Different Fluorescent Dyes

The unique structure and properties of graphene initiated broad fundamental and technological research, and highlighted graphene as a new candidate for various applications such as energy storage, solar cells and electronic devices. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been utilized for industrial large-scale synthesis of graphene. Regardless of the synthesis process, graphene should be transferred to arbitrary substrates for different applications. The transfer processes, introduce defects such as wrinkles and cracks in graphene which compromise the properties and applications. In recent years, fundamental research has been focused on characterization of graphene to develop new techniques for large-scale, high-resolution graphene metrology. Herein, a complementary high throughput metrology technique using fluorescent quenching is further investigated for different fluorescent dyes to characterize CVD synthesized graphene.
Measurement of the strain dependence of the Si/Ge (100) valence band offset

We have used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to measure the valence band offset in situ for coherently strained Si/Ge (100) heterojunctions grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Si 2p and Ge 3d core level to valence band edge binding energies and Si 2p to Ge 3d core level energy separations were measured as functions of strain, and strain configurations in all samples were determined using x-ray diffraction. We obtain valence band offsets of 0.83 :f: 0.11 eV and 0.22 0.13 eV for Ge coherently strained to Si (100) and Si coherently strained to Ge (100), respectively. If we assume that the offset between the weighted averages of the light-hole, heavy-hole, and spin-orbit valence bands in Si and Ge is independent of strain, we obtain a discontinuity in the average valence band edge of 0.49 0.13 eV.
Polarization-Dependent Phase Shift In High-Efficiency Gratings

Light diffracted from a high efficiency, reflective grating may undergo a phase shift which depends strongly on the incident polarization. If the incident wave includes both TE (E // groove) and TM (El groove) polarization, then the diffracted orders may be elliptically polarized. This effect is of special interest in curved-line (holographic) gratings in which the eccentricity of the ellipse may vary across the diffracted wavefront. In this paper the existence of a substantial phase shift between the two polarization is demonstrated in gratings with a period-to-wavelength ratio less than one. Measurements are made at 10.6 µm on both ruled and ion-etched gratings. Comparison with theory shows that the measured effect is due to groove shape rather than to finite conductivity of the substrate.
Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase modulates the generation of the amyloid β-peptide

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase modulates the generation of the amyloid β-peptide
Diffusion induced line edge roughness

As feature dimensions shrink, line edge roughness has become an increasing concern in semiconductor fabrication. There are numerous potential contributors to line edge roughness throughout the lithographic process and any measured roughness value on a printed device feature is, like the feature itself, a convolved function of every processing step. When the full lithographic process is used to study line edge roughness, it can be difficult to isolate the contribution to final roughness from any individual processing step or factor. To gain a more fundamental understanding of roughness generation that is specifically related to photoresist chemistry and formulation it is necessary to design experiments that separate out exposure related issues like mask dimension variation or local dose variation (“shot noise”). This can be accomplished using previously reported experimental protocols for bilayer film stack creation. The bilayer experimental approach has been used to study the effect of variations in such factors as post exposure bake time, photoacid generator loading, and developer concentration on roughness generation. Surface roughness of the developed film stacks is measured via atomic force microscopy. Surface roughness of developed bilayer film stacks may be considered analogous to sidewall roughness of printed features. An acrylate-based 193nm photoresist resin and an APEX-type resin are used in these experiments. In addition to experimental results, results from mesoscale lithographic simulations are used to gain further insight into diffusion induced roughness and how roughness in the latent image is modified during the development step.
A Word-Class Approach to Labeling PSCFG Rules for Machine Translation

In this work we propose methods to label probabilistic synchronous context-free grammar (PSCFG) rules using only word tags, generated by either part-of-speech analysis or unsupervised word class induction. The proposals range from simple tag-combination schemes to a phrase clustering model that can incorporate an arbitrary number of features. Our models improve translation quality over the single generic label approach of Chiang (2005) and perform on par with the syntactically motivated approach from Zollmann and Venugopal (2006) on the NIST large Chinese-to-English translation task. These results persist when using automatically learned word tags, suggesting broad applicability of our technique across diverse language pairs for which syntactic resources are not available.
Large-strain, piezoelectric, in-plane micro-actuator

A new type of high-force, large-displacement, low-voltage piezoelectric actuator has been developed using a compact stroke amplifying mechanism. The device is fabricated using an SU-8 structure as an amplifying mechanism for thin-film PZT. Each actuator "cell" can be arrayed in series and/or in parallel and the design can accommodate different force/displacement requirements. Peak static force of the design tested was 55 /spl mu/N, and peak static displacement was 1.18 /spl mu/m at 10 V. Fabricated devices consisting of three actuators in series were tested, which showed a strain amplification ratio in excess of 10:1 per cell.
Restrictions on antimicrobial use in food animal production: an international regulatory and economic survey

Background The administration of antimicrobial drugs to food animals at low doses for extended durations for growth promotion and disease prevention has been linked to the global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Internationally, multiple jurisdictions have responded by restricting antimicrobial use for these purposes, and by requiring a veterinary prescription to use these drugs in food animals. Opponents of these policies have argued that restrictions have been detrimental to food animal production where they have been adopted.
Relationship of Hair Dye Use, Benign Breast Disease, and Breast Cancer

An epidemiologic case-control study of 118 breast cancer patients and 233 controls was conducted to test the hypothesis that hair dyes are related to breast cancer. Matched controls were selected by "random digit dialing," and all epidemiologic data were collected by telephone interviews. No overall association was detected. On a prospective basis, the interaction between hair dye exposure and six variables known to be risk factors for breast cancer then were examined: previous benign breast disease (BBD), "ever" versus "never" pregnant, age at first pregnancy, menopause induced by operation, age at menarche, and education. A statistically significant increased risk of breast cancer was found for women with a history of BBD and exposure to hair dyes as compared to women with BBD but no hair dye exposure: The relative risk (RR) was 4.5, and the 95% confidence intervals (C) were 1.20 and 15.78. A total of 24 women (19 patients and 5 controls) reported a history of BBD and hair dye use. Further analysis revealed a significant association between hair dye use and breast cancer among women 40-49 years of age (RR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.1 and 10.85) and a highly significant (P = 0.0008) dose-response relationship among women who used hair dyes for changing their natural color as opposed to covering gray hair. The numbers of patients and controls included in this study were small and several hypotheses were tested. Additional epidemiologic studies are needed before firm conclusions can be reached concerning the nature of these associations.
Middle School Students as Social Theorists: Using a Short-Term Unit to Engage Students in Thinking Critically about Gender

Because middle school is a time of identity development, it may also be an appropriate time to focus on students’ conceptions of social roles. This article examines a unit focused on gender roles taught to a group of seventh grade language arts students at a private, urban school. The students deconstructed and reconstructed their gender schemas, gained awareness of gender as a lens, and began to question the adequacy of the male/female binary model. The findings suggest that ideas typically found in college-level courses may have appropriate applications in classrooms of much younger students.
Pubertal Development and Physical Victimization in Adolescence

Although much research has established a link between pubertal development and adolescent involvement in offending, drug use, and other adverse outcomes, no research has examined whether puberty is associated with experiences of violent physical victimization. This is an unfortunate oversight because researchers are only beginning to understand the range of adverse outcomes associated with puberty—and information on this front bears relevance for public health discussions regarding the consequences of pubertal development. Here, the authors use data from Add Health to examine whether puberty is associated with victimization and whether the effect of puberty on victimization is moderated by peer context (i.e., the proportion of deviant, opposite-sex, and older friends in the peer social network). In addition, the authors examine whether these associations operate similarly or dissimilarly for male and female adolescents. Findings indicate that among both males and females, puberty is associated with victim...
A PENALTY METHOD FOR APPROXIMATIONS OF THE STATIONARY POWER-LAW STOKES PROBLEM

We study approximations of the steady state Stokes problem gov- erned by the power-law model for viscous incompressible non-Newtonianflow using the penalty formulation. We establish convergence andnd error esti- mates.
UROLOGIC DISEASES IN AMERICA PROJECT: URINARY INCONTINENCE IN MALES—DEMOGRAPHICS AND ECONOMIC BURDEN

ABSTRACTPurpose: We quantified and describe the demographics and economic burden of male urinary incontinence in the United States of America.Materials and Methods: The analytic methods used to gen...
Semi-Supervised Multitask Learning

A semi-supervised multitask learning (MTL) framework is presented, in which M parameterized semi-supervised classifiers, each associated with one of M partially labeled data manifolds, are learned jointly under the constraint of a soft-sharing prior imposed over the parameters of the classifiers. The unlabeled data are utilized by basing classifier learning on neighborhoods, induced by a Markov random walk over a graph representation of each manifold. Experimental results on real data sets demonstrate that semi-supervised MTL yields significant improvements in generalization performance over either semi-supervised single-task learning (STL) or supervised MTL.
Influence of Cerebral Vasoconstricting and Vasodilating Agents on Blood Flow in Regions of Focal Ischemia

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements with krypton-85 (100 separate determinations) were compared in squirrel monkeys anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (a cerebral vasoconstrictor) and halothane (a cerebral vasodilator) before, during, and after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Prior to MCA occlusion, a normal physiological response to alterations in arterial carbon dioxide tensions (Paco2) was demonstrated in both groups of monkeys; the cerebral vascular resistance was significantly lower in those anesthetized with halothane. During ischemia, there was loss of autoregulation and a failure to respond to alterations in Paco2 in both groups. Flow in the ischemic region remained uniform in the barbiturate group but decreased progressively in the halothane group, suggesting a "paradoxical response" to the dilating agent. Reactive hyperemia (luxury perfusion) was demonstrated in both groups after restoration of flow. The use of a beta-emitting isotope ensured that measurements in regions of ischemia accurately reflected rCBF and were free of the artifacts ("look through" and Compton scatter) related to use of a gamma-emitting indicator.
Upper Airway Length Decreases After Maxillomandibular Advancement in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Purpose Most reports on airway anatomy after maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have focused on changes in airway diameter, ie, posterior airway space (PAS), rather than airway length. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in cephalometrically measured upper airway length (UAL) after MMA. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. The sample was composed of subjects who underwent MMA for OSA. The primary outcome measurement was change in UAL measured on lateral cephalograms. Predictor variables included patient demographic and cephalometric characteristics. Secondary outcome measurements were changes in sleep disturbance. Descriptive, bivariate, and regression statistics were computed. For all analyses, P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. Results The sample included 23 adult subjects (mean age, 39.3 ± 12.1 years; 6 women). Subjects had average maxillary and mandibular advancements of 9.8 ± 2.0 and 10.8 ± 2.2 mm, respectively. Mean pre- and postoperative UALs were 75.8 ± 7.0 and 67.0 ± 5.7 mm, respectively ( P P = .003). All patients had improvement in OSA symptoms, but 3 (13%) required continuous positive airway pressure. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that UAL decreases as a result of MMA. In addition, these results support the observation that MMA is associated with objective and subjective improvements in patients with OSA.
Teaching Six Sigma concepts in a business school curriculum

Abstract This paper discusses the desirability of incorporating Six Sigma thinking into an undergraduate business curriculum, and several alternatives for doing so. Although many companies have adopted Six Sigma programs to improve business results, few business programs have kept pace by incorporating Six-Sigma thinking into their curricula. Businesses employ Six Sigma concepts in improving operations and achieving higher standards of quality. Projects are selected that are likely to achieve reductions in cost, time, and increased profits. The linking of project selection based on business results is central to the desirability of teaching Six Sigma thinking to business students. Doing so will mean that graduates will be better prepared for careers in business, and have a competitive advantage over graduates who don't have this knowledge.
The finite tubular antenna in a warm plasma

A cylindrical dipole antenna, immersed in a warm homogeneous and isotropic plasma and driven at the center by a delta-function voltage generator, is treated as a boundary value problem. The current on the antenna is determined and found to consist of two parts: a slowly varying component that varies like the current on an antenna in a cold medium, and an oscillating component. The spatial periodicity of the oscillatory component is of the same order as that of the surface waves launched on an infinite tube containing and surrounded by warm plasma. If the antenna is driven well above the plasma frequency, the oscillatory portion of the current is negligible, while if it is driven at slightly above the plasma frequency, the oscillatory portion of current is dominant. It is found that a radiation resistance calculation made by using a current distribution valid only for an antenna in a cold environment can be incorrect when applied to an antenna in a warm plasma.
The Nature of Pain Offset Relief in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Laboratory Study

The majority of people who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (e.g., cutting) report that affect regulation is their primary motivation for these painful behaviors. Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate affect during nonsuicidal self-injury. In the present study, we examined the role of one potential mechanism known as pain offset relief. In 42 participants (21 self-cutters, 21 controls), we measured psychophysiological indices of positive affect (startle postauricular reactivity) and negative affect (startle eyeblink reactivity) after painful electric shocks. Results provided evidence that pain offset relief is a natural and unique mechanism of affect regulation that generates simultaneous—but independent—positive and negative reinforcement. However, associations between nonsuicidal self-injury frequency and pain offset relief variables were weak and nonsignificant. Contrary to contemporary theories, this suggests that the strong association between prior and future self-injury may not be driven by opponent processes that generate stronger relief (and, thus, stronger reinforcement of self-injury) across episodes.
Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system

This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). Flavour composition also influenced starch complexation; no flavour complexes were reported with limonene by itself but were observed when added in binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol. Furthermore, no difference in flavour retention was observed for native and lipid-free starch dispersions. In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS.
EDUCATION AND CONSERVATION ON THE URBAN-WILDLAND INTERFACE: TESTING THE EFFICACY OF INFORMATIONAL BROCHURES

Abstract Education of residents living on the urban-wildland interface can promote conservation of surrounding natural areas. An educational brochure, Living Close to Nature, was designed specifically for and issued to 5,000 residents living on the borders of the Nature Reserve of Orange County, California. A questionnaire was then issued to residents to test the effectiveness of the brochure and to produce baseline data on the attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of these residents. We tested whether responses differed between: 1) respondents issued a brochure versus those who were not, and 2) respondents who recalled receiving the brochure versus those who did not. Contrary to expectations, results revealed few statistically significant differences in responses between respondents who were issued the brochure and those who were not. In fact, only 21% of the residents issued a brochure remembered receiving it. Although some statistical differences existed between respondents who recalled receiving the b...
Application of scenario-driven hazard analysis in the solid rocket booster

Bibliographical Notes: Kouroush Jenab is a senior member of IEEE, received the B.Sc. degree from the IE Department at Isfahan University of Technology (1989), the M.Sc. degree from the IE Department at Tehran Polytechnic (1992), and the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Ottawa (2005). He served as a senior engineer/manager in auto, and high-tech industries for 18 years. He joined the National Research Council Canada as a research officer where he participated in several international research projects. In 2006, he joined the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Ryerson University, Toronto as assistant professor. Currently, Dr. Jenab is Faculty of the College of Aeronautics at Embry-riddle Aeronautical University, FL, USA. He has published over 110 papers in international scientific journals based on his experiences in industries. Nikita Ottosen is a current Systems Engineering graduate student at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. She received her undergraduate degree from ERAU in Aeronautics and is currently working as an Assistant Campus Director at the Crestview, FL campus. She gained valuable knowledge previously working for the Boeing Company and Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, known as The Port of Seattle, in Seattle, Washington. During her time at The Port of Seattle she worked alongside the Wildlife Management department to conduct a study on effective wildlife management strategies. Her study will become a part of a future Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) publication, sponsored by the FAA’s Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. Saeid Moslehpour is a full professor and department chair in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department in the College of Engineering, Technology, and Architecture at the University of Hartford. He holds Ph.D. (1993) from Iowa State University and Bachelor of Science (1989) and Master of Science (1990) degrees from University of Central Missouri. His research interests include failure analysis, logic design, CPLDs, FPGAs, Embedded electronic system testing and distance learning.
Extension and Matching Grants for Improved Management: An Evaluation of the Uruguayan Livestock Program

Offering matching grants along with extension services is a common tool of agricultural development policy and has the potential to address some of the shortcomings of purely private or public extension. Yet the evidence for the effectiveness of programs that combine extension with matching grants is quite thin. We add to this evidence by evaluating the Uruguayan Livestock Program (ULP), a program that promoted the adoption of intensive management practices by small and medium-sized cattle producers by offering extension from private providers combined with matching grants for investments. Using inverse probability weighting as applied to an eight-year panel data set of cattle producers, we find that the ULP had large impacts on net sales and production of calves, but that program impacts on production and sales translated into modest net economic impacts overall. We examine the mechanisms that may have driven ULP impacts, and conclude that program impacts were likely caused by improved management practices rather than by loosening liquidity constraints on producers.
Private Affairs, Public Office: Reading the Body of Virgília in The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas

As Machado de Assis's The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas (1881) reflects on the life of a single man, two dominant forces emerge within the narrative: Bras Cubas's desire for a family and his quest for political office. These parallel efforts coincide in the form of the political wife, the woman who enables both domestic and public glory. Using the encounter of public and private spaces as a point of departure, this essay considers female forms as circumscribed by their private and public duties. Evaluating Virgilia and Marcela, we explore the significance of materiality and promiscuity in the reading of women's bodies within the text.
Some Topics in Mathematical Statistics

1. Fundamental notions and definitions. First courses in statistics deal largely with descriptive characterizations of quantitative data. When N observations on one or more variables are available, such characterizations consist in computing the numerical values of certain functions, such as the mean, variance, and correlation coefficient, denoted respectively by x , s2, and r, and defined as follows:
STEAL SYNDROME PRETESTED AS STROKE/TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK

Subclavian steal syndrome is frequently asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally. However, Steal syndrome could present with different symptoms such as stroke or transient ischemic attack. 52 year old female presented with acute onset right side weakness associated with palpitation and
Cytokine regulation of gut ornithine decarboxylase gene expression and enzyme activity.

BACKGROUND: The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis and is important for gut mucosal repair after systemic injury (e.g., burns); however, the mechanisms responsible for the injury-mediated induction of ODC are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which are released immediately after injury, regulates gut mucosal ODC enzyme activity and gene expression. METHODS: In vivo: In experiment 1, 64 male BALB/c mice received either recombinant IL-1 beta (2 x 10(4) units/kg administered intraperitoneally) or saline solution. In experiment 2, 64 mice received either recombinant TNF-alpha (100 micrograms/kg administered intraperitoneally) or saline solution. We determined ODC enzyme activity and ODC mRNA levels in small intestine and kidneys at 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours after injection. In vitro: We also determined the ODC enzyme activity in intestinal epithelial crypt cells after either IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha treatment. RESULTS: IL-1, but not TNF, increased small intestinal ODC enzyme activity. In addition, IL-1 increased ODC enzyme activity in intestinal epithelial crypt cells at 5 and 6 hours after treatment. Both IL-1 and TNF increased small intestinal ODC mRNA levels. Neither agent affected ODC enzyme activity or ODC mRNA levels in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the cytokine-mediated induction of ODC in the small intestine is tissue specific, that the induction occurs at multiple cellular levels, and that ODC may play a vital role in the restoration of gut mucosa that occurs after injury.
Hydrothermal Chemistry and Growth of Fergusonite-type RENbO4 (RE = La–Lu, Y) Single Crystals and New Niobate Hydroxides

A convenient hydrothermal route to high quality single crystals of rare earth orthoniobates RENbO4 (RE = Y, La–Lu) is reported. The title compounds can be grown as single crystals in sizes exceeding 2 mm for most of the rare earths using 30 M KOH at temperatures of 700 °C and pressures of 2 kbar. Single crystal X-ray diffraction shows that they all form in the fergusonite structure type, and the structures were solved in space group C2/c. Examples based on the largest and smallest rare earth ions in the present study include LaNbO4: a = 7.3576(15) A, b = 11.538(2) A, c = 5.2128(10) A, β = 130.900(3)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0162, wR2 = 0.0405, and LuNbO4: a = 6.9805(6) A, b = 10.8271(8) A, c = 5.0406(4) A, β = 131.676(3)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0178, wR2 = 0.0489. Although domain structures are clearly present in the bulk crystals, the domains are much larger than normally reported from high temperature growth methods, and individual single domain crystals on the order of 0.1–1 mm in size can be selected. Rocking curves o...
Catullus, Serapis, and Harpocrates

This essay examines three Catullan references to Isiac divinities in the light of controversies over the restoration of Ptolemy XII Auletes to the Egyptian throne and popular struggles to establish sanctuaries of those deities on the Capitoline. It argues for connections between a mention of an eight-bearer litter in c. 10 and the lectica octaphoros belonging to the king, and between an allusion to a shrine of Serapis in the same poem and current religious disturbances. In c. 74, an obscene joke about the child god Harpocrates is linked to conspiracy allegations at the trial of M. Caelius Rufus, but a comparable mention of that deity in c. 102 remains obscure. Catullus’ presentation of his translation of Callimachus’ “Lock of Berenice” as a gift to Q. Hortensius Hortalus might also be tangentially related to the Egyptian Question; certainly the project could have supplied him with a deeper background in Ptolemaic cosmological and religious ideology. Discussion of these references assumes that topical events would be at the forefront of Roman readers’ minds. The essay concludes, however, with speculations on whether the poet’s Bithynian sojourn might have exposed him to alternative perspectives on Isiac cults. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v10i1_skinner
Least-squares logistic curves with initial conditions exist

For positive data, there is a least-squares Mitscherlich curve with vanishing initial value and a least-squares Verhulst curve with a unit initial value.
Stress Management Techniques in the “Stressed” Skin Disorder Patient

Excess stress and strain on a physical, emotional, mental, or spiritual level can impair the patient’s response to treatment for many skin disorders. The skin and the nervous system form adjacent to each other in the ectoderm of the fetus and remain interconnected physically and biochemically and interact throughout life. The skin-nervous system interactions result in significant psychosomatic or behavioral influences on many dermatologic conditions. Psychoneuroimmunology elucidates the biological basis of how the brain and nerves alter immune responses in common skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and urticaria. These interactions and influences allow non-pharmacologic interventions such as acupressure or tapping on meridian points, aromatherapy, autogenic training, biofeedback, breathing rate slowing techniques, brief psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, energy acupressure techniques, guided imagery, hypnosis, meditation, music, placebo, shamanic drumming, and suggestion to produce positive effects on many dermatologic diseases through stress and strain reduction.
Moving least-square basis for band-structure calculations of natural and artificial crystals

Abstract We present a unified meshfree framework for real-space band-structure calculations of semiconductors, photonic crystals, and phononic crystals. General formulation of periodic meshfree shape function is proposed in order to reproduce the periodicity in these natural and artificial crystal structures. Matrix eigen-equations for the Schrodinger equation, the Maxwell equations, and the elastic wave equation are then solved. Numerical examples include the electronic structure of strained compound semiconductor, the strain-tunable band-gap modification of photonic crystal, and acoustic band-gap materials. Results demonstrate that the meshfree method can be a promising tool for various strain-induced multiphysics problems of natural and artificial crystals.
A Scalable Privacy Preserving System for Open Data

The citizen considers that data source collecting by the government can be released for more diversity usage. However, to archive the open data dream, sensitive data potentially could be published after the proper privacy preserving processing. In this paper, we present a scalable privacy preserving system for open/big data which leverages K-anonymity algorithm and Hadoop framework. We use an experiment data (i.e., 10 TB) to show our system can handle the high-volume data when increasing the system resource. It is an essential factor for the Government to publish the data with privacy preserving processing.
Long-term remediation of compacted urban soils by physical fracturing and incorporation of compost

Abstract On the Cornell University campus a long-term study has measured the impacts of a soil remediation strategy on plant growth and soil quality using the Cornell Soil Health Test. The Scoop & Dump (S&D) process of soil remediation consists of physically fracturing compacted urban soils, incorporating large quantities (33% by volume) of compost with the use of a backhoe, and annually top dressing with mulch. This study was designed to investigate the impact of this remediation technique for the amelioration of compaction and degradation of soils in the urbanized environment. The study finds that over a 12-year period remediated soils exhibit improved (reduced) bulk density (R2 = 0.50) (P
AIC identifies optimal representation of longitudinal dietary variables.

Objectives The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is a well-known tool for variable selection in multivariable modeling as well as a tool to help identify the optimal representation of explanatory variables. However, it has been discussed infrequently in the dental literature. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of AIC in determining the optimal representation of dietary variables in a longitudinal dental study. Methods The Iowa Fluoride Study enrolled children at birth and dental examinations were conducted at ages 5, 9, 13, and 17. Decayed or filled surfaces (DFS) trend clusters were created based on age 13 DFS counts and age 13-17 DFS increments. Dietary intake data (water, milk, 100 percent-juice, and sugar sweetened beverages) were collected semiannually using a food frequency questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit to predict DFS cluster membership (n=344). Multiple approaches could be used to represent the dietary data including averaging across all collected surveys or over different shorter time periods to capture age-specific trends or using the individual time points of dietary data. Results AIC helped identify the optimal representation. Averaging data for all four dietary variables for the whole period from age 9.0 to 17.0 provided a better representation in the multivariable full model (AIC=745.0) compared to other methods assessed in full models (AICs=750.6 for age 9 and 9-13 increment dietary measurements and AIC=762.3 for age 9, 13, and 17 individual measurements). The results illustrate that AIC can help researchers identify the optimal way to summarize information for inclusion in a statistical model. Conclusions The method presented here can be used by researchers performing statistical modeling in dental research. This method provides an alternative approach for assessing the propriety of variable representation to significance-based procedures, which could potentially lead to improved research in the dental community.
Engineering an associate degree-level STEM workforce education curriculum

ABSTRACTCommunity and technical colleges serve a vital function in STEM education by training workers for medium- and high-skilled technical careers and providing employers the labor necessary to operate and maintain thriving business ventures. A curriculum developed with the elements of a systems-based approach results in a program more relevant to the needs of the institution, its students, and industry partners—and avoids the pitfalls of programs designed without a plan or process in place. To achieve validity and reliability, curriculum assessment tools should be conduits to collect critical feedback from students, graduates, and the industries and academic partners served. Research was undertaken to design and evaluate an associate degree-level STEM workforce education program at the nexus of bioenergy/bioproducts, electrical systems and maintenance, and wastewater treatment plant operations. Component to the research, a program’s graduates were interviewed and professionals representing a spectrum o...
Malaria vaccines-targeting infected hepatocytes.

[Extract] When an individual is bitten by a female Anopheles sp. mosquito and becomes infected with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the parasites exist as extracellular, uninucleate sporozoites in the circulation for less than 30 minutes. After this time, they infect hepatocytes and each sporozoite develops into a schizont containing more than 10,000 uninucleate merozoites. The growing parasite causes the hepatocyte to rup- ture, releasing the merozoites into the bloodstream where each one can subsequently invade an erythrocyte. This initiates a cycle of intra-erythrocytic stage development, rupture, and re-invasion, leading to a 10-20 fold increase in the numbers of parasites in the bloodstream every 48 hours. These asexual erythrocytic-stage parasites are responsible for the clinical manifestations and pathology of the disease we call malaria.
Clinical inquiries. How should you manage an overweight breastfed infant

There are several steps you can take. Monitor the growth of exclusively breastfed babies by plotting routine weights and lengths on the World Health Organization (WHO) growth curve. Reassure parents that higher-than-normal weight gain in infants who are breastfeeding easily without supplementation has no known adverse effects. Advise parents to change behaviors that result in overfeeding or insufficient physical activity. Refer parents to a lactation consultant to manage large volumes of milk that exceed the infant's need. In the rare case of an infant who exhibits lack of satiety or dysmorphia, consider an overgrowth syndrome and seek an endocrinology and genetics consult.
The Influence of Hypoxemia and Cobalt on Erythropoietin Production in the Isolated Perfused Dog Kidney

Isolated dog kidneys were perfused with blood at normal and reduced oxygen tensions with and without cobalt. Erythropoietin titers were found to be significantly increased in the blood perfusates from kidneys perfused with blood at lowered oxygen tensions, while no change in erythropoietin was seen when kidneys were perfused with blood at a normal oxygen tension. Cobalt produced significant increases in erythropoietin levels in the perfusates with normal as well as reduced oxygen tension blood, but its effect was more marked when the kidneys were perfused with hypoxic blood. Renal blood flows were higher when the dogs’ own lungs were used to oxygenate the blood than when a bubble oxygenator was used in the system. However, hypoxic blood resulted in significant increases in erythropoietin production in both systems. In studies of the kidney histology from both perfusion systems with hypoxic and normal oxygen tension blood, most of the kidneys demonstrated varying degrees of glomerular congestion. No correlation was found between erythropoietin elaboration and renal congestion or other degenerative cellular changes in the kidney. Therefore, it does not seem likely that erythropoietin produced in the isolated perfused kidney is due to histologic damage to renal cells. These findings support the concept that increased erythropoietin production in the isolated perfused kidney in response to cobalt or hypoxic blood is a direct effect of these stimuli on the kidney.
Learning Behaviors Across Levels in New Ventures and Innovation Outcomes

This study examines how learning behaviors in new ventures lead to innovation. Mediation analysis of the relationships between individual co-founders’ learning behaviors, firm-level exploration/exp...
Dissenting Statement of Gail Heriot in the Report of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: Broken Promises: Continuing Federal Funding Shortfall for Native Americans

On December 20, 2018, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights released a report entitled Broken Promises: Continuing Federal Funding Shortfall for Native Americans. This Statement by Commissioner Gail Heriot was part of that report. It is mainly a dissent from the Commission’s recommendation that Congress pass the proposed Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act. Commissioner Heriot instead adheres to the Commission’s original recommendation from its 2007 report that Congress refrain from passing that proposal.
Self-healing in Materials: An Overview

Conventional materials often fail in various ways even from relatively low-impact cyclic forces. In order to combat this phenomenon, smart materials have been developed. They exhibit adaptive capabilities to external stimuli, such as physical, mechanical or chemical changes in their environment. This makes them a topic of immense interest as they have many applications of importance in the scientific field. In order to make advancements of significance in this arena, a better understanding of the fundamentals is required. This overview attempts to summarize the self-healing mechanisms in a wide variety of materials including natural composites, polymers, metals and ceramics.
Insights from GO-SHIP hydrography data into the thermodynamic consistency of CO2 system measurements in seawater

Abstract Due to advances in technology, routine seawater pH measurements of excellent repeatability are becoming increasingly common for studying the ocean CO2 system. However, the accuracy of pH measurements has come into question due to a widespread observation, from a large number of carefully calibrated state-of-the-art CO2 measurements on various cruises, of there being a significant pH-dependent discrepancy between pH that was measured spectrophotometrically and pH calculated from concurrent measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) and total alkalinity (AT), using a thermodynamic model of seawater acid-base systems. From an analysis of four recent GO-SHIP repeat hydrography datasets, we show that a combination of small systematic errors in the dissociation constants of carbonic acid (K1 and K2), the total boron-salinity ratio, and in CT and AT measurements are likely responsible for some, but not all of the observed pH-dependent discrepancy. The residual discrepancy can only be fully accounted for if there exists a small, but meaningful amount (~4 μmol kg–1) of an unidentified and typically neglected contribution to measured AT, likely from organic bases, that is widespread in the open ocean. A combination of these errors could achieve consistency between measured and calculated pH, without requiring that any of the shipboard measurements be significantly in error. Future research should focus on establishing the existence of organic alkalinity in the open ocean and constraining the uncertainty in both CO2 measurements and in the constants used in CO2 calculations.
Synthesis and Structure of the Polyhedral [μ-B20H17OH]2- Borane Anion Containing Both Oxygen- and Hydrogen-Bridge Bonds

We report here the synthesis, structure, and reactions of the oxygen and hydrogen doubly bridged polyhedral borane anion [{mu}-B{sub 20}H{sub 17}-OH]{sup 2-} (4). A demonstration of the facile alkylation of 4 is provided by heating the {mu}-B{sub 20}H{sub 17}2{sup 3-} ion with ethyl iodide in MeCN to produce 3 ([{mu}-B{sub 20}H{sub 17}OC{sub 2}H{sub 5}]{sup 2-}) in 88% yield. The efficacious alkylation reaction of this oxygen-bridged polyhedral borane anion provides a route to oxygen-substituted species. The derivatization of 4 with organic substrates will lead to a variety of derivatives having potential utility in BNCT. We are continuing the exploration of this novel chemistry. 15 refs., 1 fig.