cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plant Derived Lectins

The term lectin [Latin, legere — to pick out, choose] was coined by W. C. Boyd1 in order to call attention to a group of plant seed proteins which could distinguish among human blood groups. Boyd had discovered that extracts of the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) specifically agglutinated type A erythrocytes (Fig. 1).
The national health service and dermatology as a specialty.

The history and development of health care provision prior to and following the introduction of the National Heath Service in 1948 is outlined. This article covers all aspects of the training of dermatologists and the development of dermatologic services currently in the United Kingdom.
Orphans due to AIDS

As of 2006, an estimated 39.5 million people were living with HIV, approximately 4.3 million are newly infected, and 2.9 million died in 2006. Without HIV/AIDS, the number of orphans would have declined from 1990–2010. Instead, it will triple. As of 2003, an estimated 15 million children under 18 years of age have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS worldwide, and 12 million of these live in sub-Saharan Africa. Orphanhood is becoming a chronic condition of childhood with ramifications for adulthood. Given the estimated ten-year or more time lag between peak HIV prevalence and peak orphanhood, even when HIV rates stabilize or decline, the numbers of orphans will continue to rise. This article will discuss the health, human rights, and public health effects of this reality.
Examining Discursive Formations in Early Childhood Media Research: A Genealogical Analysis.

The study of popular culture and children has a long and intimate relationship in many fields within the humanities and social sciences, yet in the applied field of Early Childhood Education and Ca...
Designing Professional Learning to Support Student Success: Lessons from the Faculty Writing Fellows Seminar

The Faculty Writing Fellows Seminar was designed to develop university instructors’ skill in writing instruction: The 2015–16 professional development project offered faculty at Southern Oregon Uni...
A rounding procedure for semidefinite optimization

Abstract Mohammad-Nezhad and Terlaky studied the identification of the optimal partition for semidefinite optimization. An approximation of the optimal partition was obtained from a bounded sequence of solutions on, or in a neighborhood of the central path. We use the approximation of the optimal partition in a rounding procedure to generate an approximate maximally complementary solution. From an interior solution, sufficiently close to the optimal set, the procedure rounds to a conic feasible solution, while the equality constraints are slightly violated.
Children’s Judgments of Cultural Expertise: The Influence of Cultural Status and Learning Method

The authors investigated children's use of cultural status (i.e., foreign vs. American) and learning method to evaluate informants' expertise in novel cultural practices. Ninety-six 6- to 9-year-olds heard about a foreign informant (i.e., member of an unfamiliar out-group) and an American informant (i.e., member of the participant's in-group) who each learned about a novel cultural practice differently (i.e., from a person vs. from a book). Participants decided which informant executed the cultural practice better, which informant they would prefer to learn from, and which learning method they would want to use themselves (i.e., learning method preference). Overall, participants endorsed foreign informants over American informants and foreign informants who learned from a person were generally viewed as the preferred option for imparting information in this context. These findings suggest that during the transition to middle childhood, learning context is an important influence on children's evaluations of cultural identity and learning methods.
Cross-Network Prioritized Sharing: An Added Value MVNO’s Perspective

We analyze the prioritized sharing between an added value Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) and multiple Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). An added value MVNO is one which earns added revenue from wireless users in addition to the revenue it directly collects for providing them wireless service. To offer service, an MVNO needs to contract with one or more MNOs to utilize their networks. Agreeing on such a contract requires the MNOs to consider the impact on their revenue from allowing the MVNO to enter the market as well as the possibility that other MNOs will cooperate. To further protect their customers, the MNOs may prioritize their direct customers over those of the MVNO. We establish a multi-stage game to analyze the equilibrium decisions of the MVNO, MNOs, and users in such a setting. In particular, we characterize the condition under which the MVNO can collaborate with the MNOs. The results show that the MVNO tends to cooperate with the MNOs when the band resources are limited and the added value is significant. When there is significant difference in band resources among the MNOs, the MVNO first considers cooperating with the MNO with a smaller band. We also consider the case when the users also have access to unlicensed spectrum.
Within-river straying: sex and size influence recovery location of hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Salmon straying is often defined as the failure of adults to return to their natal river system. However, straying within a river basin can be problematic if hatchery salmon do not return to their ...
Adiposity is related to cerebrovascular and brain volumetry outcomes in the RUN DMC study.

OBJECTIVE: Adiposity predictors, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and blood leptin and total adiponectin levels were associated with components of cerebral small vessel disease (CSV ...
Mortality Rates in Laparoscopic and Robotic Benign Gynecologic Surgery- A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Study Objective review mortality rates in benign gynecologic laparoscopic and robotic surgery (MIS), and to evaluate the mortality rates associated with commonly performed MIS procedures. Design Meta-analysis. Setting NA Patients or Participants An electronic-based search was performed on Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database. All MIS studies in benign gynecology reporting operative mortality (within 30 days) were reviewed. Meta-analysis was applied to calculate pooled mortality rates using the inverse-variance method. The relative risks (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Interventions Meta-analysis. Measurements and Main Results 21 articles (12,5738 patients) were included. Operative mortality from any benign MIS (laparoscopy and robotics) procedure was 1:4243 (95% CI 1:1573- 1:11450). Studies were then grouped based on surgical procedure. Mortality rate for hysterectomy (43,112 patients) was 1:4920 (95% CI 1:2233, 1:10845); for sacrocolpopexy was 1:1246 (95% CI 1:36, 1:44700); and for adnexal surgery and diagnostic laparoscopy was 1:2245 (95% CI 1:45, 1:113372). Seventeen studies reported operative mortality for laparoscopic surgery, and 4 for robotic surgery. Conclusion Operative mortality in benign minimally invasive gynecologic surgery is low. There is no major difference for laparoscopic and robotic approaches.
How Do Latent Print Examiners Perceive Proficiency Testing? An Analysis of Examiner Perceptions, Performance, and Print Quality

Abstract Proficiency testing has the potential to serve several important purposes for crime laboratories and forensic science disciplines. Scholars and other stakeholders, however, have criticized standard proficiency testing procedures since their implementation in laboratories across the United States. Specifically, many experts label current proficiency tests as non-representative of actual casework, at least in part because they are not sufficiently challenging (e.g., [10] , [12] , [15] , [21] . In the current study, we surveyed latent print examiners (n = 322) after they completed a Collaborative Testing Services proficiency test about their perceptions of test items. We also evaluated respondents’ test performance and used a quality metric algorithm (LQMetrics) to obtain objective indicators of print quality on the test. Results were generally consistent with experts’ concerns about proficiency testing. The low observed error rate, examiner perceptions of relative ease, and high objective print quality metrics together suggest that latent print proficiency testing is not especially challenging. Further, examiners indicated that the test items that most closely resembled real-world casework were also the most difficult and contained prints of the lowest quality. Study findings suggest that including prints of lower quality may increase both the difficulty and representativeness of proficiency testing in latent print examination.
“Built on Respect and Good Honest Communication:” a Study of Partnerships Between Mental Health Providers and Community Corrections

The prevailing approach to managing persons with criminal histories involves community supervision professionals like probation and parole officers partnering with other mental health providers to address clients’ needs. The relationships between individual professionals are seldom researched, though, and the current study aims to address this deficit in the empirical literature. This study utilized interviews about professionals’ perceptions of their work experiences, analyzed open-endedly to identify major themes. Mental health providers’ themes included appreciation and process of collaboration, individual characteristics and roles, characteristics of collaboration, elements of interprofessional relationships, and involvement of the courts. Community supervision professionals discussed issues pertaining to appreciation and process of collaboration, individual characteristics and roles, when conflict occurs, and the lack of basic knowledge about other professionals. Second, these partnerships were examined in light of interprofessional healthcare competencies. Themes identified here resembled healthcare values and ethics competencies and roles and responsibilities competencies; healthcare competencies regarding interprofessional communication and teamwork showed partial congruence with the current themes. Overall, interprofessional collaboration is valued. This research highlights the strengths of this type of interprofessional collaboration and offers suggestions for improving the efficacy of collaboration.
Investigating Catalytic Properties of Composite Nanoparticle Assemblies

We present herein recent findings of an investigation of catalyst assembly and activation using metallic nanoparticles encapsulated with organic monolayers. Gold nanocrystals (2∼5 nm) encapsulated with thiolate monolayers assembled on electrode surfaces, were found to be catalytically active towards electrooxidation of CO and MeOH upon activation. The activation involved partial removal of the encapsulating thiolates and the formation of surface oxygenated species. A polymeric film was also used as a substrate for the assembly of the nanoparticle catalysts. When the polymer matrix was doped with small amounts of Pt, a remarkable catalytic activity was observed. These catalysts were characterized utilizing cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy.
Next generation sequencing for diagnosis of a patient with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Objective To investigate the genetic causes of a patient with liver and kidney dysplasia. Methods Clinical data of the patient and the family history were collected. The DNA of the patient and his parents was extracted and sequenced by next generation sequencing. The results were predicted and validated using Sanger sequencing. Results The patient was the first child and the third fetus in the family. The previous two fetuses were dead in the prenatal period with ultrasound showing polycystic kidney. The patient, a 4-month-old boy, had an abdominal distension with a touchable hard lump in his abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed that he had polycystic kidney and fibrotic liver. Sequencing result showed a mutation of c.3500T>C (p.L1167P) in PKHD1 exon 30 inherited from his mother and a mutation of c.9235_9236delGCinsAA (p.A3079K) in PKHD1 exon 58 inherited from his father. Both mutations were novel mutations. Conclusion The patient was diagnosed as an autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) caused by PKHD1 compound heterozygous mutations. It is inferred that the previous two dead fetuses might suffer from ARPKD like this patient, thus the next generation sequencing contributes to diagnose such diseases and facilitates genetic counseling in order to avoid the family tragedy. Key words: Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD); PKHD1; Next generation sequencing
Photoelectrochemical NADH regeneration is highly sensitive to the nature of electrode surface

(Photo)electrochemistry enables the synthesis of high-value fine chemicals and highly selective activation of molecules that are difficult to prepare using conventional chemical methods. In this work, light-driven NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) regeneration is achieved using a molecular Rh(III) mediator on Si photoelectrodes. This process is observed to be highly sensitive to the surface nature of Si photoelectrodes, exhibiting an overpotential reduction up to 600 mV on Si nanowires (SiNWs) as compared to planar Si. The use of a molecular mediator and SiNWs enables 100% selectivity toward NADH synthesis within a broad potential window. The origin of the striking difference is identified as the multifaceted nature of SiNWs.
Distinct transcriptomic response to Newcastle disease virus infection during heat stress in chicken tracheal epithelial tissue

Newcastle disease (ND) has a great impact on poultry health and welfare with its most virulent (velogenic) strain. In addition, issues exacerbated by the increase in global temperatures necessitates a greater understanding of the host immune response when facing a combination of biotic and abiotic stress factors in poultry production. Previous investigations have revealed that the host immune response is tissue-specific. The goal of this study was to identify genes and/or signaling pathways associated with immune response to NDV (Newcastle disease virus) in the trachea, an essential organ where NDV replicate after the infection, by profiling the tissue specific transcriptome response in two genetically distinct inbred chicken lines when exposed to both abiotic and biotic stressors. Fayoumis appear to be able to respond more effectively (lower viral titer, higher antibody levels, immune gene up-regulation) and earlier than Leghorns. Our results suggest NDV infection in Fayoumis appears to elicit proinflammatory processes, and pathways such as the inhibition of cell viability, cell proliferation of lymphocytes, and transactivation of RNA, more rapidly than in Leghorns. These differences in immune response converge at later timepoints which may indicate that Leghorns eventually regulate its immune response to infection. The profiling of the gene expression response in the trachea adds to our understanding of the chicken host response to NDV infection and heat stress on a whole genome level and provides potential candidate genes and signaling pathways for further investigation into the characterization of the time-specific and pathway specific responses in Fayoumis and Leghorns.
Hedgehog inhibitors with and without adjunctive therapy in treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma

Background Hedgehog inhibitor therapy (HHIT) is considered first-line treatment for locally advanced, unresectable basal cell carcinoma (laBCC). HHIT often results in a partial response, which requires adjunctive therapy (AT) post HHIT. We present real-world data for laBCCs undergoing HHIT ± AT. Methods Retrospective review at Duke University from 11/01/2007 through 5/20/2020 revealed 13 patients treated with systemic HHIT (sonidegib or vismodegib) for laBCC. Results Fourteen laBCCs were identified in 13 patients. LaBCCs were treated with sonidegib (n = 10, 71%) or vismodegib (n = 4, 29%) for a median (IQR) of 9.4 (9.3) or 9.8 (8.5) months, respectively. The median (IQR) follow-up time from HHIT initiation was 15.5 (8.7) months. Tumors were most often located on the trunk (43%), followed by head and neck (29%), extremities (21%), and orbit/periorbital area (7%). Nine laBCCs (64%) were treated with HHIT alone, of which five (36%) achieved complete response (CR), four (29%) achieved partial response (PR), and five (36%) achieved CR with combined HHIT and AT post-HHIT. Duration of HHIT treatment (IQR) was 7.5 (3.5) months in the 10 CR patients, versus 15.1 (6.3) months in the four PR patients (P = 0.024). Nine patients (69%) experienced adverse events from HHIT, most commonly ageusia/dysgeusia, muscle spasms, and alopecia. Conclusion As a single institutional experience, we report 10/14 laBCCs (71%) with CRs without recurrence and 4/14 laBCCs (29%) with PRs with HHIT ± AT over median follow-up of 15.5 months. Longer follow-up and larger cohorts evaluating responses with HHIT followed by AT are needed to substantiate our findings.
Correction to: Nucleation of voids at Li‑metal–ceramic–electrolyte interfaces

This article was updated to correct the fourth paragraph in the introduction. Due to errors introduced during the production process Ω appeared as W throughout the paragraph.
Effectiveness Dimension of Performance

The two components of health care facility performance, efficiency and effectiveness (quality), were introduced in Chap. 1. In this chapter, a closer examination of the effectiveness component is provided. Sherman and Zhu (2006) introduce quality-adjusted DEA applied to bank branches. In this discussion, they incorporate quality into DEA benchmarking in two different models. The first model adds a quality variable as an additional output into the standard DEA model. They demonstrate that, using this approach, the model may exhibit a quality/efficiency tradeoff. Of course in health care, managers would not welcome such a tradeoff sacrificing quality for efficiency. The second approach, which avoids such tradeoffs, is an evaluation of quality and efficiency independently. Using the hospital example, we illustrate these concepts below.
Building Democracy in Japan

1. Making democracy real 2. The 'tipping point' model of generational change 3. Building the institutions of democracy: 1853-1990 4. Power to the people: democratization of the government 5. From state to society: democratization of traditional, community-based organizations 6. Inclusive diversity: new-style civil society organizations and Japanese democracy 7. More access but less power?: Women in Japanese politics 8. Conclusion: where do we go from here?
The continuous time biquad state space structure

State space models of highly flexible systems can present severe numerical issues. The models derived from physical principles often lack structure. Canonical form models, are compact, but obscure any physical structure and can have coefficients that are highly sensitive to model parameters. In [1] we discussed discrete state space structure that allowed for minimal latency estimation and control while preserving the numerical properties of biquad filters. In this paper, we discuss a continuous time version, suitable for modeling from physical principles.
Settler colonial power and the American Indian sovereignty movement: forms of domination, strategies of transformation.

The article extends the multi-institutional model of power and change through an analysis of the American Indian Sovereignty Movement. Drawing upon cultural models of the state, and articulating institutionalist conceptions of political opportunities and resources, the analysis demonstrates that this framework can be applied to challenges addressing the state as well as nonstate fields. The rational-legal diminishment of tribal rights, bureaucratic paternalism, commonsense views of tribes as racial/ethnic minorities, and the binary construction of American and Indian as oppositional identities diminished the appeal of “contentious” political action. Instead, to establish tribes’ status as sovereign nations, tribal leaders aggressively enacted infrastructural power, transposed favorable legal rulings across social fields to legitimize sovereignty discourses, and promoted a pragmatic coexistence with state and local governments. Identifying the United States as a settler colonial society, the study suggests...
Superior Sensitivity of Novel Molecular Imaging Probe: Simultaneously Targeting Two Types of Endothelial Injury Markers

The need remains great for early diagnosis of diseases. The special structure of the eye provides a unique opportunity for noninvasive light-based imaging of fundus vasculature. To detect endothelial injury at the early and reversible stage of adhesion molecule up-regulation, we generated novel imaging agents that target two distinct types of endothelial molecules, a mediator of rolling, P-selectin, and one that mediates firm adhesion, ICAM-1. Interactions of these double-conjugated fluorescent microspheres (MSs) in retinal or choroidal microvasculature were visualized in live animals by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. The new imaging agents showed significantly higher sensitivity for detection of endothelial injury than singly conjugated MSs (rPSGL-1or -ICAM-1-conjugated), both in terms of rolling (P<0.01) and firm adhesion (P<0.01). The rolling flux of -ICAM-1-conjugated MSs did not differ in EIU animals, whereas double-conjugated MSs showed significantly higher rolling flux (P<0.01), revealing that ICAM-1 in vivo supports rolling, once MS interaction with the endothelium is initiated. Doubleconjugated MSs specifically detected firmly adhering leukocytes (P<0.01), allowing in vivo quantification of immune response. Antiinflammatory treatment with dexamethasone led to reduced leukocyte accumulation (P<0.01) as well as MS interaction (P<0.01), which suggests that treatment success and resolution of inflammation is quantitatively reflected with this molecular imaging approach. This work introduces novel imaging agents for noninvasive detection of endothelial injury in vivo. Our approach may be developed further to diagnose human disease at a much earlier stage than currently possible.—Sun, D., Nakao, S., Xie, F., Zandi, S., Schering, A., Hafezi-Moghadam, A. Superior sensitivity of novel molecular imaging probe: simultaneously targeting two types of endothelial injury markers. FASEB J. 24, 1532–1540 (2010). www.fasebj.org
Heuristic Evaluations of Bioinformatics Tools: A Development Case

Heuristic evaluations are an efficient low cost method for identifying usability problems in a biomedical research tool. Combining the results of these evaluations with findings from user models based on biomedical scientists' research methods guided and prioritized the design and development process of these tools and resulted in improved usability. Incorporating heuristic evaluations and user models into the larger organizational practice led to increased awareness of usability across disciplines.
Nucleation of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ from precursor films using the barium fluoride process

Coated-conductor applications of YBCO require YBCO layers with high J/sub c/ and a thickness of several micrometers. The barium fluoride process offers a convenient way of depositing crack-free fluorinated precursor layers up to 5 microns thick. However, converting thick precursor layers into c-axis-oriented YBCO films is challenging due to extensive nucleation of random grains. In this paper we address this problem with both a theoretical and experimental analysis of YBCO nucleation. We utilized optical polarization contrast to observe YBCO nuclei imbedded in the precursor matrix. We observed that the nuclei density strongly depends on processing parameters, with the oxygen partial pressure being one of the strongest factors. During ex-situ processing the nuclei merge and form grains and the nuclei density is, therefore, directly related to the grain size of YBCO film. It is desirable to have a small grain structure, since large grains do not connect well and the J/sub c/ of such a film is low. However, attempts to increase the nuclei density also generates more randomly oriented grains. Therefore the optimization of ex-situ processing is essentially finding a balance between c-axis grain density and random grain content.
The strong at-most-once problem

The at-most-once problem in shared memory asks for the completion of a number of tasks by a set of independent processors while adhering to "at most once" semantics. At-most-once algorithms are evaluated in terms of effectiveness, which is a measure that expresses the total number of tasks completed at-most-once in the worst case. Motivated by the lack of deterministic solutions with high effectiveness, we study the feasibility of (a close variant of) this problem. The strong at most once problem is solved by an at-most-one algorithm when all tasks are performed if no participating processes crash during the execution of the algorithm. We prove that the strong at-most-once problem has consensus number 2. This explains, via impossibility, the lack of wait-free deterministic solutions with high effectiveness for the at most once problem using only read/write atomic registers. We then present the first k-adaptive effectiveness optimal randomized solution for the strong at-most-once problem, that has optimal expected work for a non-trivial number of participating processes. Our solution also provides the first k-adaptive randomized solution for the Write-All problem, a dual problem to at-most-once.
Effect of Location and Procedural Explicitness on User Processing of and Compliance with Product Warnings

Eighty subjects used a water-repellent sealer with one of four labels in an experiment to determine the effect of precaution location relative to usage instructions and the effect of procedural explicitness of precautions on the attention to and compliance with on-product warnings and instructions. Contrary to current/recommended practice, the inclusion of precautions in the directions for use substantially increased label effectiveness, as did increasing precaution explicitness. Compared with the exemplar current label, procedurally explicit precautions included in the directions substantially increased reading rates from 4% to 78% and compliance rates from 10% to 65%
The spectroscopic orbit of cygni, a system with two Late-type giants

Improved orbital elements for Cygni have been determined from 47 new high-dispersion spectroscopic observations. The period and eccentricity are 434.14 days and 0.559, respectively. Minimum masses plus the inclination of the visual orbit result in masses of 2.16 and 2.06 M for the two giants. The small magnitude dierence of 0.25 mag and a mass ratio of 1.044 indicate that both giants are most likely in the helium-burning phase of their evolution.
Temporal variation in the magnitude-frequency distribution during the Guy-Greenbrier earthquake sequence

The recent increase in earthquake activity in the central U.S. has led to concerns about the hazard posed by induced earthquakes. Understanding earthquake phenomena and monitoring in all settings can be improved by the detection of small events; however, the catalog of induced earthquakes is incomplete for small events due to the sparse instrumentation. This is particularly true in settings of low background seismicity, like the central U.S. We apply single-station template matching to detect small earthquakes during the Guy-Greenbrier sequence in central Arkansas and find over 100 times more earthquakes than are registered in the Advanced National Seismic System catalog between July 2010 and October 2011. A complete catalog over nearly 4 units of magnitude enables us to analyze the magnitude-frequency distribution of induced earthquakes. We find that earthquakes deviated from the Gutenberg-Richter statistics during the operation of nearby injection wells but returned to Gutenberg-Richter statistics after the wells were shut in.
Rapid Detection and Quantitative Estimation of Type A Botulinum Toxin by Electroimmunodiffusion

Abstract An experimental system is described for the detection and quantitative estimation of type A botulinum toxin by electroimmunodiffusion. The method is shown to be rapid, specific, and quantitative. As little as 14 mouse LD50 per 0.1 ml of type A toxin was detected within 2 hr. When applied to experimentally contaminated foods such as canned tuna, pumpkin, spinach, green beans, and sausage, the technique detected botulinum toxin rapidly and identified it as to type and quantity. A specific rabbit type A antitoxin was produced for this in vitro system since the equine antitoxin (Center for Disease Control) tested in this experiment was found to be unsuitable.
The Dash Diet for Hypertension: Lower Your Blood Pressure in 14 Days–Without Drugs

Thomas J. Moore, ed. 288 pp. US rate: $25.00. ISBN 0-7432-0295-3 The recently published Dash Diet was one of the most important lifestyle modification clinical trials ever performed. It clearly showed the value of a high fruit and vegetable and low saturated fat diet to lower blood pressure. The more recently completed Dash-Sodium study also unequivocally demonstrated that a sodium-restricted diet in addition to the Dash Diet could lower blood pressure even further and do so in a wide variety of subjects with high normal or stage 1 hypertension. Some of the investigators in that trial, in conjunction with a “freelance writer” have now produced a book entitled The Dash Diet for Hypertension . This book is designed to provide information for the public …
DNA Repair by Reversal of Damage

Some DNA repair mechanisms involve the simple reversal of DNA damage. These processes require a single protein that is able first to recognize DNA damage, and then to catalyse the reversal of damage to the DNA, thus restoring the DNA to its original state. Keywords: DNA damage; DNA repair; photolyase; O6-methylguanine DNA repair methyltransferase; photoreactivation
Upregulation of IGF1, IGF1‐receptor, and late growth related genes in ventricular myocytes acutely after infarction in rats

To determine the effects of acute myocardial infarction on the expression of insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor1 receptors (IGF-1R) on the surviving myocytes of the left and right ventricles, large infarcts were produced in rats and the animals sacrificed 2 days later. Hemodynamic measurements of left and right ventricular pressures, +dP/dt and -dP/dt, and central venous pressure documented that coronary occlusion was associated with a severe impairment of cardiac function. By employing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), a low level of expression of IGF-1R mRNA was detected in myocytes from sham-operated rats. Acute myocardial infarction was found to enhance by nearly twofold the message for IGF-1R in viable myocytes biventricularly. Moreover, IGF1 mRNA increased 4.3-fold and 9.4-fold in left and right myocytes, respectively. In order to establish whether the upregulation of IGF1 and IGF-1R with infarction was coupled with induction of late growth related genes, which are known to be implicated in DNA replication and mitotic division, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and histone-H3 expression was assessed by Northern blot and RTPCR. The level of expression of PCNA mRNA was found to be increased 3.9-fold and 2.4-fold in left and right myocytes, respectively from infarcted hearts. Corresponding increments in histone-H3 mRNA were 25.5-fold and 5.3-fold, respectively. However, PCNA protein as detected by immunoperoxidase staining was restricted to a limited number of myocyte nuclei adjacent to the necrotic myocardium of the left ventricle. In conclusion, acute myocardial infarction is associated with enhanced expression of IGF1 and IGF-1R on stressed myocytes, and this phenomenon may activate genes essential for DNA synthesis, possibly affecting myocyte growth. These processes may be fundamental for the reconstitution of tissue mass and amelioration of function after infarction.
What does History Matter to Philosophy of Physics

AbstractNaturalized metaphysics remains a default presupposition of much contemporary philosophy of physics. As metaphysics is supposed to be about the general structure of reality, so a naturalized metaphysics draws upon our best physical theories: Assuming the truth of such a theory, it attempts to answer the “foundational question par excellence”, “how could the world possibly be the way this theory says it is?” It is argued that attention to historical detail in the development and formulation of physical theories serves as an ever-relevant hygienic corrective to the “sentiment of rationality” underlying the naturalistic impulse to read ontology off of physics.
Integrated circuits in military equipment

The military effect on the progress of integrated circuits has been twofold. First, new technology has developed, some through the direct subsidy of military research and development, and much more through the company-sponsored research stimulated by this support. About $100 million of R & D expenditures escalated from an initial Government expenditure of $2 million. The second effect has been the military agencies' interest not only in using integrated circuits but also in providing the market and the motivation for suppliers to complete the development and establish the production capability to supply this waiting market. Military and space applications accounted for essentially the entire integrated circuits market last year, and will use over 95 per cent of the integrated circuits produced this year. Even in 1970, these applications may well be using as high a proportion as 55 per cent of the circuits produced.
Three-dimensional controls on subsidence of a foreland basin associated with a thrust-belt recess: Black Warrior basin, Alabama and Mississippi

Tectonic transport from different directions and convergence of separate thrust belts at structural recesses impart three-dimensional variations to the pattern of foreland-basin subsidence. Assuming approximately uniform flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, subsidence is directly controlled by the geometry and density of the separate thrust loads, and flexural deformations caused by the loads interfere within the recess. For example, the Black Warrior foreland basin, which is located in Mississippi and Alabama, within a recess in the Appalachian-Ouachita orogen, formed in response to two separate thrust loads: (1) the Ouachita accretionary prism along the southwest side of the basin, and (2) thrust-imbricated passive-margin rocks in the Appalachian thrust belt along the southeast side of the basin. The subsidence history differs along two profiles, each perpendicular to the Appalachian and Ouachita thrust fronts. Subsidence of the foreland basin began in middle Mississippian (Meramecian) time in response to northeast-directed translation of the Ouachita accretionary prism. Subsequently, northwest-directed Appalachian thrusting began in middle Early Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) time. Subsidence curves from the profile perpendicular to the Ouachita prism show a clear progression of increasing subsidence rates and amounts toward the thrust front, whereas curves from the profile perpendicular to the Appalachian belt indicate out-of-plane effects from the Ouachita thrust front and a later increase in subsidence toward the Appalachian thrust front. The major implication of this work is that the three-dimensional geometry of a foreland basin within a thrust-belt recess includes diachronous interfering elements.
Influence of host's food plant and habitat on Anastatus ramakrishnae (Mani) (Hym., Eupelmidae), an egg parasitoid of Coridius obscurus (Fab.) (Het., Pentatomidae)

The impact of nutritional quality of 3 cucurbit host plants viz., Coccinea indica W. & A., Mukia scabrella Arn. and Luffa cylindrica Roem. on an oligophagous pentatomid bug, Coridius obscurus (Fab.) and to its egg parasitoid Anastatus ramakrishnae (Mani) were evaluated. The nutritional quality of C. indica seems to promote the growth and reproduction of C. obscurus compared to other host plants. The parasitoid A. ramakrishnae showed greater survival and better growth on the suitable food plant of the insect host, C. indica compared to other plants. The results also emphasize the reproductive behavioural strategy of A. ramakrishnae with respect to different host plants and points to the need for more understanding on the interactivity of nutritional factors as well as plant influenced behaviour on natural enemies. Zusammenfassung Uber Einflusse von Nahrungspflanze und Habitat auf Anastatus ramakrishnae (Mani) (Hym., Eupelmidae), einem Eiparasitoiden von Coridius obscurus (Fab.) (Het., Pentatomidae) Es wurde die Wirkung der Nahrungsqualitat von drei Wirtspflanzenarten der Cucurbitaceae, Coccinea indica W. & A., Mukia scabrella Arn. und Luffa cylindrica Roem. auf die oligophage Wanze Coridius obscurus (Fab.) und ihren Eiparasitoiden Anastatus ramakrishnae (Mani) untersucht. Die Nahrungsqualitat von C. indica schien — verglichen mit den beiden anderen Wirtspflanzen — das Wachstum und die Reproduktion von C. obscurus am starksten zu fordern. Der Parasitoid A. ramakrishnae zeigte langeres Uberleben und besseres Wachstum in den C. indica-Eiern an der genannten optimalen Pflanzenart. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine Strategie des Reproduktionsverhaltens von A. ramakrishnae hin, welche die Eigenarten der Wirtspflanze berucksichtigt. Es erscheint notwendig, kunftig bei Betrachtung der Parasitoiden phytophager Insekten die Interaktionen zwischen ihnen und den Nahrungspflanzen ihrer Wirte mehr als bisher zu berucksichtigen.
Forces on Dislocations in Multilayer Structures

In multilayer structures, dislocation forces that arise from coherency strains are well understood in both the isotropic and anisotropic elastic cases. Image forces produced by elastic inhomogeneity have also been developed for single layers surrounded by extended phases. Image forces for the multilayers are shown to reduce to the simpler single embedded layer case to a good approximation. Image forces are shown to lead to a “ stand-off “ position of interface dislocations from the interface, with several implications for the properties of multilayer structures.
Two-phonon spectrum of diamond: A molecular dynamics study

Abstract Using a tight-binding molecular dynamics scheme, we show that the two-phonon spectral intensity of the zone-center optical mode of diamond peaks at a frequency higher than the twice that of the corresponding one-phonon spectrum. The fourth-order coupling constants at the zone center are found to be negative, which precludes the existence of two-phonon bound states and suggests the need to go beyond lowest order perturbations to obtain the correct anharmonic effects. We also note that our model gives a peak in the two-phonon density of states above twice the phonon frequency at Γ .
The SDSS Damped Lyα Survey: Data Release 3

We present the results from a damped Ly? survey of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Data Release 3. We have discovered over 500 new damped Ly? systems at z > 2.2, and the complete statistical sample for z > 1.6 has more than 600 damped Ly? galaxies. We measure the H I column density distribution fH i(N, X) and its zeroth and first moments (the incidence ?DLA and gas mass density ? of damped Ly? systems, respectively) as a function of redshift. The key results include: (1) the full SDSS DR3 fH i(N, X) distribution (z ~ 3.06) is well fit by a ? function (or double power law) with break column density N? = 1021.5?0.1 cm-2 and faint-end slope ? = -1.8 ? 0.1; (2) the shape of the fH i(N, X) distributions in a series of redshift bins does not show evolution; (3) the incidence and gas mass density of damped systems decrease by 35% ? 9% and 50% ? 10% during ?1 Gyr between the redshift intervals z = [3.0, 3.5] and z = [2.2, 2.5]; and (4) the incidence and gas mass density of damped Ly? systems in the lowest SDSS redshift bin (z = 2.2) are consistent with the current values. We investigate a number of systematic errors in damped Ly? analysis and identify only one important effect: we measure 40% ? 20% higher ? values toward a subset of brighter quasars than toward a faint subset. This effect is contrary to the bias associated with dust obscuration and suggests that gravitational lensing may be important. Comparing the results against several models of galaxy formation in ?CDM, we find that all of the models significantly underpredict ?DLA at z = 3, and only SPH models with significant feedback can reproduce ? at high redshift. Based on our results for the damped Ly? systems, we argue that the Lyman limit systems contribute ?33% of the universe's H I atoms at all redshifts z = 2-5. Furthermore, we infer that the fH i(N, X) distribution for N -1. We advocate a new mass density definition, the mass density of predominantly neutral gas ?, to be contrasted with the mass density of gas associated with H I atoms. We contend the damped Ly? systems contribute >80% of ? at all redshifts and therefore are the main reservoirs for star formation.
PREDICTORS OF PERSONAL INVESTMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the social psychological components of Personal Investment Theory and exercise behaviors among 47 middle-aged and older men and women participating in an organized exercise program. Specifically, the degree to which personal incentives for exercise, perceptions of sense of self (i.e., physical self-efficacy, fitness locus of control, self-motivation, social identity), and the congruence between program and participants' goals predict present physical activity and estimated future physical activity was examined. Multiple regression analyses indicated that present and future exercise behaviors significantly related to social psychological variables reflecting personal investment.
Biochemical properties of metallothionein isoforms from bovine hippocampus.

The mammalian hippocampi not only contain high concentrations of zinc, but also exhibit regional variation in this essential element, with concentrations being highest in the hilar region and lowest in the fimbria. For example, the concentration of zinc in the mossy fiber axons has been estimated to approach 300–350 μM. Since “free” zinc is an extremely neurotoxic substance with an inherent ability to inhibit an extensive number of sulfhydryl-containing enzymes and receptor sites, we hypothesized that low-molecular weight zinc binding protein may exist in the hippocampus in order to regulate the steady-state concentration of zinc. In an attempt to investigate this hypothesis and the dynamic metabolism of zinc, we have searched for and have identified a metallothionein-like protein in bovine hippocampus which exhibits an elution volume (Ve/Vo) of 2.0 on gel filtration chromatography and which produces two isoforms, which on a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, show retention times of 15.70 min and of 16.37 min, respectively. The hippocampal metallothionein isoform II contains a cysteine to zinc ratio of 2.8 to 1.0, has an apparent molecular weight of 9,500 daltons and, as judged by studies involving UV spectral analysis, lacks aromatic amino acids, but possesses metallomercaptide bonds. The results of these studies suggest that the metallothionein may play an essential role in regulating the transport and/ or accumulation of zinc in the hippocampus.
Use of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Improving Detection of Valvular Vegetations in Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Valvular destruction, congestive heart failure, embolic phenomena, failure of medical therapy, and death are all more common in patients with echocardiographically discernible valvular lesions. Transthoracic echocardiography is often unsatisfactory for evaluation of vegetations in patients with chest wall deformities, lung disease, obesity, or prosthetic valves. The transesophageal approach affords uniformly high-quality images with excellent structural resolution. We present a case of suspected subacute bacterial endocarditis in a patient with equivocal diagnoses of vegetations on three separate transthoracic echocardiograms in whom transesophageal evaluation revealed obvious large vegetations that involved the aortic and mitral valves. Subsequent autopsy confirmed this diagnosis. The case illustrates the utility of a new imaging method for the detection of valvular vegetations. In view of the prognostic implications of detected vegetations, transesophageal echocardiography probably should be performed on all patients with suspected subacute bacterial endocarditis and equivocal results by transthoracic study.
An analysis and visualization for revealing object sharing

Sharing mutable data (via aliasing) is a powerful programming technique. To facilitate sharing, object-oriented programming languages permit the programmer to selectively break encapsulation boundaries. However, sharing data makes programs harder to understand and reason about, because, unlike encapsulated data, shared data cannot be reasoned about in a modular fashion. This paper presents an analysis and a visualizer to help the programmer understand and reason about shared data.
Optimizing protein isolation from defatted and non-defatted Nannochloropsis microalgae biomass

Abstract Microalgae are a promising source of lipids for biofuel production. To improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of this biofuel feedstock, one should create value for co-products after lipid extraction. Thus, protein isolation from the defatted biomass presents an opportunity. To extract algae protein, temperature and pH were evaluated to maximize the extraction from Nannochloropsis biomass. Maximum quantity of protein was solubilized at 60 °C and pH 11 and recovered at pH 3.2. The isolated protein fractions contained 56.9% and 40.5% protein when using isopropanol (IPA) defatted and non-defatted biomass as the starting materials, with protein yields being 16 and 30%, respectively. The IPA-defatting treatment significantly decreased the protein extraction yield. These values are low compared with soybean protein isolates (> 90% protein and ~ 60% yield). The relatively high protein content (> 34%) in the pH 11 insoluble fraction indicates needs for further extraction optimization. The nitrogen and amino acid content of the initial materials and all the fractions were determined and the calculated nitrogen to protein conversion factor was in the range of 4.06–4.70. The possibility of the presence of conjugated protein, i.e., N-containing glycoproteins, is also discussed.
Prognostic significance of exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in chronic aortic regurgitation.

Abstract Twenty-three patients with hemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation (AR) underwent gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography to assess rest and exercise left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and after aortic valve replacement. Preoperatively, LVEF decreased from 54 ± 3% at rest to 45 ± 3% during exercise (p
Classifying U.S. manufacturing plant locations using an artificial neural network

Abstract This paper examines the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) for classifying the contiguous states in the USA according to their manufacturing climate. The application uses a self-organizing paradigm, the ART2. The performance of the ANN was very encouraging. Its results were compared to those obtained from a scoring model that ranked the states utilizing the same criteria. Future work is intended to further improve the network's performance and develop an Artificial Neural System (ANS) that will assist decision makers in selecting the best locations for manufacturing facilities in the U.S.A. The ANS is seen as a key component of an intelligent decision support system for improving and enhancing plant location decision making.