cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Expanded Medicaid Coverage With Hospital Length of Stay After Injury

Importance The expansion of Medicaid eligibility under the Affordable Care Act is a state-level decision that affects how patients with traumatic injury (trauma patients) interact with locoregional health care systems. Washington, DC; Maryland; and Virginia represent 3 unique payer systems with liberal, moderate, and no Medicaid expansion, respectively, under the Affordable Care Act. Characterizing the association of Medicaid expansion with hospitalization after injury is vital in the disposition planning for these patients. Objective To determine the association between expanded Medicaid eligibility under the Affordable Care Act and duration of hospitalization after injury. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included patients admitted from Virginia, Maryland, and Washington, DC, to a single level I trauma center. Data were collected from January 1, 2013, through March 6, 2016, in Virginia and Washington, DC, and from May 1, 2013, through March 6, 2016, in Maryland. All patients with Medicare or Medicaid coverage and all uninsured patients were included. Patients with private insurance, patients with severe head or pelvic injuries, and those who died during hospitalization were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospital length of stay (LOS) and whether its association with patient insurance status varied by state of residence. Results A total of 2314 patients (1541 men [66.6%] and 773 women [33.4%]; mean [SD] age, 52.9 [22.8] years) were enrolled in the study. The uninsured rate in the Washington, DC, cohort (190 of 1699 [11.2%]) was significantly lower compared with rates in the Virginia (141 of 296 [47.6%]) or the Maryland (106 of 319 [33.2%]) cohort ( P P = .02) or Virginia (3.9 days; 95% CI, 2.79-5.45 days; P = .05). Conclusions and Relevance Expanded Medicaid eligibility is associated with shorter hospital LOS in mildly injured Medicaid recipients.
Common and cell-type specific responses to anti-cancer drugs revealed by high throughput transcript profiling

More effective use of targeted anti-cancer drugs depends on elucidating the connection between the molecular states induced by drug treatment and the cellular phenotypes controlled by these states, such as cytostasis and death. This is particularly true when mutation of a single gene is inadequate as a predictor of drug response. The current paper describes a data set of ~600 drug cell line pairs collected as part of the NIH LINCS Program ( http://www.lincsproject.org/ ) in which molecular data (reduced dimensionality transcript L1000 profiles) were recorded across dose and time in parallel with phenotypic data on cellular cytostasis and cytotoxicity. We report that transcriptional and phenotypic responses correlate with each other in general, but whereas inhibitors of chaperones and cell cycle kinases induce similar transcriptional changes across cell lines, changes induced by drugs that inhibit intra-cellular signaling kinases are cell-type specific. In some drug/cell line pairs significant changes in transcription are observed without a change in cell growth or survival; analysis of such pairs identifies drug equivalence classes and, in one case, synergistic drug interactions. In this case, synergy involves cell-type specific suppression of an adaptive drug response.
A Reflection Curriculum for Longitudinal Community-Based Clinical Experiences: Impact on Student Perceptions of the Safety Net

Community-based dental education (CBDE) allows dental students to be immersed in community settings and provide care to populations that are underserved. Exposure to those groups during training may impact provider attitudes, which may be strengthened by supporting students’ reflection and exploration of their own attitudes. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation and preliminary results of a pilot longitudinal reflection curriculum integrated into a community-based clinical experience (CBCE) for senior dental students at one U.S. dental school and to report the impact of the reflection curriculum and CBCE on student experiences with populations that are underserved. In academic year 2015–16, all 35 senior dental students at one U.S. dental school were invited to complete an 11-item survey before and after completing a 12-week CBCE with integrated, longitudinal online reflections. Students received feedback from a faculty member after each reflection. All 35 students completed the survey, for a 100% response rate. After the CBCE, the students reported improved clinical efficiency and increased confidence in treatment planning and in treating dental emergencies and dentally anxious patients. They also reported improved understanding of the structure and relevance of community health centers, the role of different health care team members, and the impact of health policy. There was no significant difference in future plans to work with groups that are underserved. These results suggest that the CBCE and reflection curriculum had a positive impact on the students’ clinical confidence as well as expanding their understanding of the broader oral health care delivery system. To address persistent oral health disparities, dental schools should continue to adopt CBDE programming that will prepare providers to effectively care for populations that are underserved.
Seasonal variability of the vitamin C content of fresh fruits and vegetables in a local retail market.

Seasonal variation of vitamin C in fresh fruits and vegetables is not reflected in food composition database average values, yet many factors influence content and retention.; Results: Fresh fruits and vegetables were sampled on three occasions in each season, from the same local retail outlets, for 1 or 2 years. Vitamin C was significantly higher in winter-sampled spinach (436 mg kg-1 ) compared with spring (298 mg kg-1 ) and summer/fall (180 mg kg-1 ); in potatoes in summer/fall (156 mg kg-1 ) versus winter/spring (106 mg kg-1 ); and in oranges in winter (616 mg kg-1 ), spring (592 mg kg-1 ), and summer (506 mg kg-1 ). Ranges were dramatic among sampling occasions for broccoli, oranges, potatoes, and spinach (700-1210 mg kg-1 , 420-780 mg kg-1 , 70-280 mg kg-1 , and 90-660 mg kg-1 respectively). Mean values for apples, bananas, tomatoes, and potatoes differed from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) average by ≥10% of the daily recommended intake (90 mg). For broccoli, oranges, and spinach, vitamin C was substantially above or below the SR range in 50-100% of the samples. For spinach, the average content did not differ from SR, but vitamin C in winter was 55% higher than SR.; Conclusion: Database average values for vitamin C in fresh produce can significantly over- or underestimate the content in a specific food supply. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
The whiteness of capital

Everyday language anticipates capital mobility. Capital flows and liquid assets are invoked at every turn. But language deceives. There is nothing inherently mobile about capital: it is made mobile...
Absence of CSF-1-dependent macrophages does not improve function of transplanted islets of Langerhans

A role of macrophage-mediated inflammatory events in early islet graft loss is increasingly acknowledged. Osteopetrotic mice (op/op) have a complete absence of CSF-1, and thus of most tissue macrophages. We have investigated whether the absence of CSF-1-dependent macrophages in the graft itself or at the transplant site could decrease the delay to function of a syngeneic marginal islet mass. Islets transplanted into op/op or control recipients reversed diabetes in 59 days vs. 10 days (p = 0.28, NS). Islets isolated from op/op or control mice reversed diabetes in 11 days vs. 10 days. IL-1 and TNF-alpha release by cultured islets was markedly decreased for op/op islets compared with control islets (IL-1: 0 vs. 4.2 pg/ml, p = 0.07; TNF-alpha: 67 vs. 311 pg/ml, p = 0.002). In contrast, IL-6 release by op/op islets was significantly increased (11.1 vs. 4.3 ng/ml, p = 0.006). CSF-1-dependent tissue macrophages may not be critical in the inflammatory insult to islet transplants. Alternate patterns of intraislet release of deleterious proinflammatory cytokines may exist.
Development of silicon carbide composites for fusion

The use of silicon carbide composites for structural materials is of growing interest in the fusion community. However, radiation effects in these materials are virtually unexplored, and the general state of ceramic matrix composites for nonnuclear applications is still in its infancy. Research into the radiation response of the most popular silicon carbide composite, namely, the chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) SiC-carbon-Nicalon fiber system is discussed. Three areas of interest are the stability of the fiber and matrix materials, the stability of the fiber-matrix interface, and the true activation of these [open quotes]reduced activity[close quotes] materials. Two methods are presented that quantitatively measure the effect of radiation on fiber and matrix elastic modulus as well as the fiber-matrix interfacial strength. The results of these studies show that the factor limiting the radiation performance of the CVD SiC-carbon-Nicalon system is degradation of the Nicalon fiber, which leads to a weakened carbon interface. The activity of these composites is significantly higher than expected and is dominated by impurity isotopes. 52 refs., 12 figs., 3 tabs.
Use of Nitrogen-13 and Nitrogen-15 in Studies on the Dissimilatory Fate of Nitrate

Nitrate is a central nitrogen species in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle because it is mobile, a biological oxidant, and a nitrogen source fpr growth for many organisms. As a result it has many competing fates as illustrated in Figure 1.
Characterization of cancer comorbidity prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Higher comorbidity by the hematopoietic cell transplantation–comorbidity index increases rates of non-relapse mortality (NRM) and impairs survival following allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation...
Medical Education and the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program: Unnecessary Uncertainties.

In this commentary, the authors discuss how the federal Public Loan Forgiveness program affects affordability of medical school and distribution of the physician workforce. It also considers the po...
Generation of Transgenic Human Malaria Parasites With Strong Fluorescence in the Transmission Stages

Malaria parasites have a complex life cycle that includes specialized stages for transmission between their mosquito and human hosts. These stages are an understudied part of the lifecycle yet targeting them is an essential component of the effort to shrink the malaria map. The human parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of deaths due to malaria. Our goal was to generate transgenic P. falciparum lines that could complete the lifecycle and produce fluorescent transmission stages for more in-depth and high-throughput studies. Using zinc-finger nuclease technology to engineer a marker-free integration site, we generated three transgenic P. falciparum lines in which tdtomato or gfp were stably integrated into the genome. Expression was driven by either stage-specific peg4 and csp promoters or the constitutive ef1a promoter. Phenotypic characterization of these lines demonstrates that they complete the life cycle with high infection rates and give rise to fluorescent mosquito stages. The transmission stages are sufficiently bright for intra-vital imaging, flow cytometry and scalable screening of chemical inhibitors and potentially inhibitory antibodies.
Predicting the Impact of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines on Antimicrobial Resistance.

Background Empiric prescribing of antimicrobials in typhoid-endemic settings has increased selective pressure on the development of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) in these settings may relieve this selective pressure, thereby reducing resistant infections and improving health outcomes. Methods A deterministic transmission dynamic model was developed to simulate the impact of TCVs on the number and proportion of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid infections and chronic carriers. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed to ascertain particularly impactful model parameters influencing the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant infections and the proportion of cases averted over 10 years. Results The model simulations suggested that increasing vaccination coverage would decrease the total number of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid infections but not affect the proportion of cases that were antimicrobial resistant. In the base-case scenario with 80% vaccination coverage, 35% of all typhoid infections were antimicrobial resistant, and 44% of the total cases were averted over 10 years by vaccination. Vaccination also decreased both the total number and proportion of chronic carriers of antimicrobial-resistant infections. The prevalence of chronic carriers, recovery rates from infection, and relative fitness of resistant strains were identified as crucially important parameters. Conclusions Model predictions for the proportion of antimicrobial resistant infections and number of cases averted depended strongly on the relative fitness of the resistant strain(s), prevalence of chronic carriers, and rates of recovery without treatment. Further elucidation of these parameter values in real-world typhoid-endemic settings will improve model predictions and assist in targeting future vaccination campaigns and treatment strategies.
Management of Hormonal Crisis in Patients Undergoing Lutetium-177-Dotatate (Lutathera) Therapy.

1536 Objectives: 1. Learn the possible side effects of Lutathera therapy. 2. Increase awareness of the clinical presentation and consequently early recognition of hormonal crisis in patients undergoing Lutathera therapy. 3. Review risk factors associated with occurrence of hormonal crisis in Lutathera therapy. 4. Discuss the clinical management of hormonal crisis in Lutathera therapy. DISCUSSION: Lutetium-177-Dotatate is a radiolabeled somatostatin analogue recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for peptide receptor radiolabeled therapy of certain neuroendocrine tumors. This educational exhibit will review the rare but severe complication of hormonal crisis associated with Lutathera therapy. The discussion will include the clinical presentation, time course and management of hormonal crisis. It will also include a review of factors associated with occurrence of hormonal therapy which may be early indicators of increased risk of hormonal crisis in certain patients. Finally, we will give a brief review of our center’s experience regarding complications of Lutathera therapy. Conclusions: Lutetium-177-Dotatate has shown promising results in the management of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Sound knowledge of complications and management is important for the nuclear medicine physician to reduce incidence of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing therapy. REFERENCES: 1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Approved Drugs. FDA approves lutetium Lu 177 dotatate for treatment of GEP-NETS. January 26, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/InformationOnDrugs/ApprovedDrugs/ucm594105.htm. Accessed January 8, 2019. 2. Strosberg J, El-Haddad G, Wolin E, Hendifar A, Chasen B, Mittra E, et al. Phase 3 trial of 177Lu-dotatate for midgut neuroendocrine tumors. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:125-35. 3. de Keizer B, van Aken MO, Feelders RA, et al. Hormonal crises following receptor radionuclide therapy with the radiolabeled somatostatin analogue [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(4):749-55. 4. Gut P, Waligorska-Stachura J, Czarnywojtek A, et al. Management of the hormonal syndrome of neuroendocrine tumors. Arch Med Sci. 2016;13(3):515-524.
Establishing a Framework of Using Residue-Residue Interactions in Protein Difference Network Analysis.

Detailed understanding of interactions between amino acid residues is critical in using promising difference network analysis approaches to map allosteric communication pathways. Using experimental data as benchmarks, we scan values of two essential residue-residue contact parameters: the distance cutoff (dc) and the cutoff of residue separation in sequence (nc). The optimal dc = 4.5 A is revealed, which defines the upper bound of the first shell of residue-residue packing in proteins, whereas nc is found to have little effects on performance. We also develop a new energy-based contact method for network analyses and find an equivalency between the energy network using the optimal energy cutoff ec = 1.0 kBT and the structure network using dc = 4.5 A. The simple 4.5-A contact method is further shown to have comparable prediction accuracy to a contact method using amino acid type-specific distance cutoffs and chemical shift prediction-based methods. This study provides necessary tools in mapping dynamics to functions.
Reaction of 1-methylpyrrole with 1,3-dichloro-5,5-disubstituted hydantoins: Products and AM1 study of intermediates

The reaction of 1-methylpyrrole with 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin gave 3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 1,3-di-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin as products. In contrast reaction with 1,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin (3) or 1,3-dichloro-5,5-diphenylhydantoin (4) gave only the monopyrroylhydantoin derivatives. This difference was attributed to a steric interaction between the substituents on C-5 and N 1
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

The main underlying diagnoses of children with end-stage heart failure are congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy. These children require close clinical monitoring by a cardiac failure specialist, initially as outpatients treated with oral anti congestive heart failure medication, and eventually as inpatients treated with inotropes. In fact, the majority of patients followed by the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group are United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) status 1 (heart failure requiring intravenous inotropes). Because of the limited availability of organs, waiting time for heart transplantation is long and as a result, cardiac function continues to deteriorate prior to transplantation, eventually leading to inadequate systemic oxygen delivery and end-organ failure. If the latter develops, the patient is no longer a candidate for heart transplantation. In order to avoid end organ failure, close monitoring of oxygen delivery or surrogate measures of oxygen delivery and step-wise escalation of cardiopulmonary support are required. Other than standard monitoring measures, advanced techniques should be utilized to increase the safety margin and allow timely escalation of support. These advanced monitoring techniques include pulmonary and transpulmonary thermodilution, pulse contour analysis, tissue and regional near infrared spectroscopy, and biochemical markers of perfusion and myocardial strain. Inadequate oxygen delivery in a patient treated with one inotrope warrants admission to the intensive care unit and initiation of a second vasoactive medication. The next step is intubation and mechanical ventilation. Since peritransplantation morbidity and mortality are higher in mechanically ventilated children in comparison to children supported with long-term mechanical assist devices, serious consideration should be given to implantation of a ventricular assist device shortly after intubation.
An objective and efficient method for estimating probabilistic coastal inundation hazards

The joint probability method (JPM) is the traditional way to determine the base flood elevation due to storm surge, and it usually requires simulation of storm surge response from tens of thousands of synthetic storms. The simulated storm surge is combined with probabilistic storm rates to create flood maps with various return periods. However, the map production requires enormous computational cost if state-of-the-art hydrodynamic models with high-resolution numerical grids are used; hence, optimal sampling (JPM-OS) with a small number of (~ 100–200) optimal (representative) storms is preferred. This paper presents a significantly improved JPM-OS, where a small number of optimal storms are objectively selected, and simulated storm surge responses of tens of thousands of storms are accurately interpolated from those for the optimal storms using a highly efficient kriging surrogate model. This study focuses on Southwest Florida and considers ~ 150 optimal storms that are selected based on simulations using either the low fidelity (with low resolution and simple physics) SLOSH model or the high fidelity (with high resolution and comprehensive physics) CH3D model. Surge responses to the optimal storms are simulated using both SLOSH and CH3D, and the flood elevations are calculated using JPM-OS with highly efficient kriging interpolations. For verification, the probabilistic inundation maps are compared to those obtained by the traditional JPM and variations of JPM-OS that employ different interpolation schemes, and computed probabilistic water levels are compared to those calculated by historical storm methods. The inundation maps obtained with the JPM-OS differ less than 10% from those obtained with JPM for 20,625 storms, with only 4% of the computational time.
A Copula-Based Uncertainty Modeling of Wind Power Generation for Probabilistic Power Flow Study

In this paper, a probabilistic power flow (PPF) modeling of the uncertainty of wind power generation is proposed. The developed PPF is based on the theories of point estimate method (PEM) and regular vine (R-vine) copula. For a large number of wind power resources, the computational burden related to construction of an R-vine copula increases significantly. Therefore, an algorithm based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance is introduced to tackle the computational burden to form an R-vine. The proposed PPF is tested on two different testbeds: IEEE 57-bus and Illinois 200-bus systems. The obtained results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate when compared to PPF results obtained by either a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) or a multivariate Gaussian copula.
Exploring the Effect of Stimuli Characteristics on Signal Detection Performance: Sex Influenced Targeting Bias:

Research has shown that the perceived sex (female versus male features) of a presented threat can influence participants’ responses. This exploratory analysis examined data from an experiment which...
Void growth by dislocation adsorption

ABSTRACTWe propose a dislocation adsorption-based mechanism for void growth in metals, wherein a void grows as dislocations from the bulk annihilate at its surface. The basic process is governed by...
Multi-chip heterogeneously integrated array of active three-terminal transistor lasers and passive photonic structures for electronic-photonic integration on silicon

An array of active photonic devices is fabricated in unison after a heterogeneous integration process first metal-eutectically bonds these distinct materials as a distribution onto a silicon host wafer. The patterning out of heterogeneous materials followed by the formation of all photonic devices allows for wide-area fine-alignment without the need for discrete die alignment or placement. The integration process is designed as a CMOS-compatible, scalable method for bringing together distinct III-V epitaxial structures and optical-waveguiding epitaxial structures, demonstrating the capabilities of forming a multi-chip layer of photonic materials. Integrated GaAs-based vertical light-emitting transistors (LET) are designed and fabricated as the active devices whose third electrical terminal provides an electrical interconnect and thermal dissipation path to the silicon host wafer. The performance of these devices as both electrical transistors and spontaneous-emission optical devices is compared to their monolithically-integrated counterparts to investigate improvements in device characteristics when integrated onto silicon. The fabrication methods are modified and optimized for thin-film transferred materials and are then extended to transistor laser (TL) fabrication. Passive waveguiding structures are designed and simulated for coupling light from the active devices, and their fabrication scheme is presented such that it can be similarly performed with transferred materials. Work toward the demonstration of integrated transistor lasers is shown to represent progress toward an electronic-photonic circuit network. The combination of heterogeneous integration with three-terminal photonic structures enables an elegant solution to both packaging and signal interconnect constraints for the implementation of photonic logic in silicon photonics systems.
Tropical Anvil Clouds: Radiative Driving Toward a Preferred State

The evolution of anvil clouds detrained from deep convective systems has important implications for the tropical energy balance and is thought to be shaped by radiative heating. We use combined rad...
A semi-supervised approach to architected materials design using graph neural networks

Abstract Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) afford opportunities for new paradigms for material design and optimization. For modeling-driven design approaches, the optimization of mechanical properties, in general, requires boundary value problems (BVPs) to be solved. Machine learning (ML) models, trained on high-throughput labeled data obtained from the solution of BVPs, are able to explore and exploit vast design spaces. Nevertheless, prior to the implementation of those methods, applied load and displacement constraints have to be known beforehand. Here, we present a semi-supervised approach to design topological structures of architected materials based on the load levels of only 1% of nodes, along with the connectivity and mechanical properties of the architected materials. Graph neural networks (GNNs), which can learn graph embeddings and show outstanding performance on semi-supervised classification tasks using small amount of data, have been used to predict the distribution of the load levels of the remaining 99%. The integration of the network with an algorithm to redistribute truss thickness enables us to perform multiscale design of architected materials under various geometries and loads. This work reveals the potential of a novel paradigm to design architected materials via semi-supervised learning, and inspires applications such as using sparse sensors in truss designs in additive manufacturing, architectures and civil infrastructure under complex loading conditions.
M 3 : a new muon missing momentum experiment to probe ( g - 2) μ and dark matter at Fermilab

New light, weakly-coupled particles are commonly invoked to address the persistent ∼ 4σ anomaly in (g−2)μ and serve as mediators between dark and visible matter. If such particles couple predominantly to heavier generations and decay invisibly, much of their best-motivated parameter space is inaccessible with existing experimental techniques. In this paper, we present a new fixed-target, missing-momentum search strategy to probe invisibly decaying particles that couple preferentially to muons. In our setup, a relativistic muon beam impinges on a thick active target. The signal consists of events in which a muon loses a large fraction of its incident momentum inside the target without initiating any detectable electromagnetic or hadronic activity in downstream veto systems. We propose a two-phase experiment, M3 (Muon Missing Momentum), based at Fermilab. Phase 1 with ∼ 1010 muons on target can test the remaining parameter space for which light invisibly-decaying particles can resolve the (g − 2)μ anomaly, while Phase 2 with ∼ 1013 muons on target can test much of the predictive parameter space over which sub-GeV dark matter achieves freeze-out via muon-philic forces, including gauged U(1)Lμ−Lτ.
COVID-19 Social Distancing: Impacts and Consequences to Human Association (A Review of Psychological Trauma Caused by Corona Virus)

Purpose: The new pandemic COVID-19 do not only kills but comes with lots of baggage including trauma, stress and fears against humanity. So many people that have recovered from it are still suffering from psychological shock and fear of death due to the unexplainable pains they were subjected to. Although several preventive measures such as social distancing, quarantine, isolation and abiding which on normal basis most people tend to forget or ignore. Many pandemics in this family have not only caused physical health issues but has caused a lot of mental, emotional and psychological trauma. This study aims to identify COVID-19 social distancing impacts, its consequences to human association and the mental trauma caused by the virus. It will also help us to understand how to deal and cope with the stress associated with it and methods to put in place. More importantly, this paper is to investigate COVID-19 social distancing impacts and consequences to human association; it uncovers the psychological trauma caused by corona virus. Methodology: Secondary data were used to gather information for this investigation. Data was obtained from articles, blogs, papers online, and textbooks etc. The main sources of information for this study are from articles, journals and other sources from the internet. Findings: COVID-19 has put the world under devastation and her death toll has increasingly gone beyond predictions. Currently there are over 127,950 new cases, 6,799,713 confirmed cases and 397,388 deaths globally. From investigation, research shows that the novel coronavirus has effects on our mental health because people have lost their beloved ones and more people will still lose more. Results have shown that measures such as social distancing, lock downs, quarantines etc. have effects on us mentally and emotionally. People do not longer move freely nor associate with even their friends socially and conveniently. The COVID-19 leaves in its wake death and problems such as financial issues, unemployment, hunger etc. However there are means to cope with these stressful situations as will be shown in this paper.
Deepfakes: Awareness, Concerns, and Platform Accountability.

A 61 question survey was used to examine issues around “deepfake” technology. In total, 319 respondents answered questions around awareness, concerns, and the responsibility of online platforms aro...
'A Library of People': Online Resource-Seeking in Low-Income Communities

Social media platforms provide access to informational and emotional resources that can enable low-income populations to further their socioeconomic mobility and cope with unexpected life demands. However, lack of both interpersonal trust and a sense of shared identity often prevent low-income individuals from eliciting resources from the diverse networks embedded in these platforms. Building on past research, we investigated factors that facilitated and deterred low-income members of the community-based non-profit organization Family Independence Initiative (FII) from seeking informational and emotional support from other members on the organization's social media platform, UpTogether. We found that despite participants' perceived shared identity, members primarily requested resources from other UpTogether members through offline interactions due to lack of interpersonal trust. We extend existing research on the limitations of shared identity and the role of interpersonal trust and social norms in facilitating resource-seeking interactions among strangers in low-income contexts. We suggest that social media platforms incorporate pseudonymous posting to facilitate relationship development and allow users to disclose their needs without revealing identifying information.
The Effects of Food on Cannabidiol Bioaccessibility

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a hydrophobic non-psychoactive compound with therapeutic characteristics. Animal and human studies have shown its poor oral bioavailability in vivo, and the impact of consuming lipid-soluble CBD with and without food on gut bioaccessibility has not been explored. The purpose of this research was to study the bioaccessibility of CBD after a three-phase upper digestion experiment with and without food, and to test lipase activity with different substrate concentrations. Our results showed that lipase enzyme activity and fatty acid absorption increased in the presence of bile salts, which may also contribute to an increase in CBD bioaccessibility. The food matrix used was a mixture of olive oil and baby food. Overall, the fed-state digestion revealed significantly higher micellarization efficiency for CBD (14.15 ± 0.6% for 10 mg and 22.67 ± 2.1% for 100 mg CBD ingested) than the fasted state digestion of CBD (0.65 ± 0.7% for 10 mg and 0.14 ± 0.1% for 100 mg CBD ingested). The increase in bioaccessibility of CBD with food could be explained by the fact that micelle formation from hydrolyzed lipids aid in bioaccessibility of hydrophobic molecules. In conclusion, the bioaccessibility of CBD depends on the food matrix and the presence of lipase and bile salts.
Investigating the Effects of a Phytobiotics-Based Product on the Fecal Bacterial Microbiome of Weaned Pigs

The transition to a solid diet, as well as environmental and social stress, have a direct impact on swine gut physiology during weaning, affecting host gastrointestinal functions, as well as resident symbiotic microbial communities. While plant-derived bioactive products, such as phytobiotics, have shown great potential to mitigate these challenges, providing benefits such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, their mechanisms of action remain largely unexplored. To gain more insight, a 21 day trial is conducted to investigate the effects of LiveXtract, a commercial plant-based product, using fecal samples as a proxy for gut bacteria in weaned pigs. High-throughput sequencing of amplicons targeting the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene is used to determine bacterial composition at days 1 (pre-treatment), 4, 10, and 21 postweaning. Our results show that Lactobacillaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae are both higher in the supplemented group at D4 (p < 0.05), while Streptococcaceae are significantly lower in the treated group at D10 and D21. At D10, Erysipelotrichaceae are lower, and Veillonellaceae are higher in the treated samples than the control group (p < 0.05). Of the thirteen abundant Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) that have different representation between treated and control pigs (p < 0.05), six are predicted to be lactate producers (affiliation to Lactobacillus or Streptococcus), and one is predicted to be a lactate utilizer, based on its high identity to Megasphaera elsdenii. Together, these data suggest that phytobiotics may provide a favorable metabolic equilibrium between lactate production and utilization. Lactate is considered a critical microbial end product in gut environments, as it can inhibit pathogens or be metabolized to propionate for utilization by host cells.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 in diabetes care: Can glycaemic control be achieved without nausea and vomiting?

Introduced less than two decades ago, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists rapidly reshaped the field of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) care by providing glycaemic control in tandem with weight loss. However, FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonists are often accompanied by nausea and emesis and, in some lean T2DM patients, by undesired anorexia. Importantly, the hypophagic and emetic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists are caused by activation of central GLP-1 receptors. This review summarizes two different approaches to mitigate the incidence and severity of nausea and emesis related to GLP-1 receptor agonists: conjugation with vitamin B12 , or related corrin ring-containing compounds ('corrination'), and development of dual agonists of GLP-1 receptors with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Such approaches could lead to the generation of GLP-1 receptor agonists with improved therapeutic efficacy, thus decreasing treatment attrition, increasing patient compliance and extending treatment to a broader population of T2DM patients. The data reviewed show that it is possible to pharmacologically separate the emetic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists from their glucoregulatory action.
Integrating social media inspired features into a personalized normative feedback intervention combats social media-based alcohol influence.

Abstract Backround Research suggests that the social media platforms popular on college campuses may reflect, reinforce, and even exacerbate heavy drinking practices among students. The present study was designed to directly examine: (1) whether exposure to alcohol-related content on social media diminishes the efficacy of a traditional web-based personalized normative feedback (PNF) alcohol intervention among first-year drinkers; and (2) if social media inspired features and digital game mechanics can be integrated into a PNF intervention to combat social media-based alcohol influence and increase efficacy. Method Alcohol experienced first-year college students (N = 223) completed a pre-survey that assessed exposure to alcohol-related content and social media and were randomized to 1 of 3 web-based alcohol PNF conditions (traditional, gamified only, or social media inspired gamified). One month later, participants’ alcohol consumption was reassessed. Results Among participants who received traditional PNF, social media-based alcohol exposure interacted with pre-intervention drinking such that traditional PNF was less effective in reducing drinking among heavier drinkers reporting greater exposure to alcohol-related social media content. Further, when regression models compared the efficacy of all three conditions, the social media inspired gamified PNF condition was significantly more effective in reducing drinking than was traditional PNF among moderate and heavy drinkers reporting greater exposure to alcohol on social media. Conclusion Although additional research is needed, these findings suggest that representing the population of students on whom normative statistics are based with social media-like user avatars and profiles may enhance the degree to which alcohol PNF is relatable and believable among high-risk students.
Raman spectroscopy and machine learning reveals early tumor microenvironmental changes induced by immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy provides durable clinical benefit in only a small fraction of patients, and identifying these patients is difficult due to a lack of reliable biomarkers for prediction and evaluation of treatment response. Here we demonstrate the first application of label-free Raman spectroscopy for elucidating biomolecular changes induced by anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal tumor xenografts. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) decomposition of Raman spectral datasets revealed early changes in lipid, nucleic acid, and collagen content following therapy. Support vector machine classifiers and random forests analysis provided excellent prediction accuracies for response to both ICIs and delineated spectral markers specific to each therapy, consistent with their differential mechanisms of action. Corroborated by proteomics analysis, our observation of biomolecular changes in the TME should catalyze detailed investigations for translating such markers and label-free Raman spectroscopy for clinical monitoring of immunotherapy response in cancer patients.
Cultural Considerations in the Treatment of Latina Survivors of Sexual Assault

The current review examines existing research investigating the impact of Latino cultural values on decisions to disclose, reactions to disclosures, help-seeking behaviors, and victim-blaming among...
Fate Versus Flow: Wall Shear Stress in the Aortopathy Associated With Bicuspid Aortic Valves.

Highly prevalent and commonly associated with complications, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease presents a more significant burden than any other congenital heart disease [(1)][1]. Although the individual course is variable, many patients eventually require surgical intervention to address valve
Factor Analysis, Second‐Order

In second-order factor analysis, we first obtain the second-order correlation matrix Rs. From Rs, we obtain the reduced second-order correlation matrix . We then factor this to obtain Fs, the second-order initial factor matrix, and rotate Fs to obtain Vs, the second-order rotated factor matrix. Second order factor analyses with two, three, four, five, and more first-order factors are illustrated. Keywords: second-order factor analysis; second-order correlation matrix; second-order initial factor matrix; second-order rotated factor matrix; two first-order factors; three first-order factors; four first-order factors; five or more first-order factors
Halogen occultation experiment (HALOE) optical filter characterization

The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) is a solar occultation experiment that will fly on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite to measure mixing ratio profiles of O3, H2O, NO2, NO, CH4, HCl, and HF. The inversion of the HALOE data will be critically dependent on a detailed knowledge of eight optical filters. A filter characterization program was undertaken to measure in-band transmissions, out-of-band transmissions, in-band transmission shifts with temperature, reflectivities, and age stability. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers were used to perform measurements over the spectral interval 400/cm to 6300/cm (25 micrometers to 1.6 micrometers). Very high precision (0.1 percent T) in-band measurements and very high resolution (0.0001 percent T) out-of-band measurements have been made. The measurements revealed several conventional leaks at 0.01 percent transmission and greatly enhanced (1,000) leaks to the 2-element filters when placed in a Fabry-Perot cavity. Filter throughput changes by 5 percent for a 25 C change in filter temperature.
Mining Affymetrix microarray data for long non-coding RNAs: altered expression in the nucleus accumbens of heroin abusers.

Although recent data suggest that some long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert widespread effects on gene expression and organelle formation, lncRNAs as a group constitute a sizable but poorly characterized fraction of the human transcriptome. We investigated whether some human lncRNA sequences were fortuitously represented on commonly used microarrays, then used this annotation to assess lncRNA expression in human brain. A computational and annotation pipeline was developed to identify lncRNA transcripts represented on Affymetrix U133 arrays. A previously published dataset derived from human nucleus accumbens (hNAcc) was then examined for potential lncRNA expression. Twenty-three lncRNAs were determined to be represented on U133 arrays. Of these, dataset analysis revealed that five lncRNAs were consistently detected in samples of hNAcc. Strikingly, the abundance of these lncRNAs was upregulated in human heroin abusers compared to matched drug-free control subjects, a finding confirmed by quantitative PCR. This study presents a paradigm for examining existing Affymetrix datasets for the detection and potential regulation of lncRNA expression, including changes associated with human disease. The finding that all detected lncRNAs were upregulated in heroin abusers is consonant with the proposed role of lncRNAs as mediators of widespread changes in gene expression as occurs in drug abuse.
An adaptive location management scheme for global personal communications

A major issue for achieving seamless universal personal communications is efficient location tracking of a multitude of mobile terminals. We present an efficient multi-level mobility management scheme that is especially suitable for hierarchical cellular structures. The scheme accounts for past as well as present terminal mobilities and dynamically changes the hierarchical level of the location area to which a mobile terminal registers. In a system that contains both a terrestrial segment and a satellite segment, highly mobile terminals will tend to register at the highest level where location areas are formed by spotbeams. Low mobility terminals such as pedestrians will tend to register at the lowest level where location areas are formed by microcells or clusters of microcells. An additional feature of the scheme is that the required signaling traffic for location updating is distributed evenly to all stations at each level of the system. The required location updating supervisory traffic of the proposed scheme is analyzed. Example performance characteristics are presented. Our studies show that the proposed scheme is efficient in tracking large numbers of terminals with a broad range of mobility.
Longitudinal Dimensionality of Adolescent Psychopathology: Testing the Differentiation Hypothesis.

Background: The differentiation hypothesis posits that the underlying liability distribution for psychopathology is of low dimensionality in young children, inflating diagnostic comorbidity rates, but increases in dimensionality with age as latent syndromes become less correlated. This hypothesis has not been adequately tested with longitudinal psychiatric symptom data. Methods: Confirmatory factor analyses of DSM-IV symptoms from seven common Axis I syndromes ‐ major depression, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social anxiety, attention deficient hyperactivity, conduct, and oppositional defiant disorders ‐ were conducted longitudinally, from ages 9 to 16, using the general-population Great Smoky Mountains Study sample. Results: An eight-syndrome model fit well at all ages, and in both genders. It included social anxiety, separation anxiety, oppositional defiant, and conduct syndromes, along with a multidimensional attention deficit-hyperactivity syndrome (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity) and a unidimensional major depression/generalized anxiety syndrome. A high degree of measurement invariance across age was found for all syndromes, except for major depression/ generalized anxiety. Major depression and generalized anxiety syndromes slightly diverged at age 14‐16, when they also began to explain more symptom variance. Additionally, correlations between some emotional and disruptive syndromes showed slight differentiation. Conclusions: Marked developmental differentiation of psychopathology, as implied by the orthogenetic principle, is not a prominent cause of preadolescent and adolescent psychiatric comorbidity. Keywords: Comorbidity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, factor analysis, longitudinal, dimensionality, development, internal validity, adolescent, Axis I psychopathology.
CREB Signaling-Timing Is Everything

Depolarization of neurons can lead to changes in gene expression that are important for such processes as synaptic plasticity, neuronal differentiation, and apoptosis. Impey and Goodman discuss some of the opposing models for how gene transcription in response to neuronal activity and elevations in intracellular calcium concentration is regulated. The pathways appear to converge on cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, with the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways playing an important role. The continuing debate about the involvement of calmodulin kinase IV is also described.
Large-scale Reconfigurable Virtual Testbed for Information Security Experiments

The vulnerability of a modem computer network to information attacks stems from its high complexity, global interconnectivity and multiple entry points. While experimental security-related studies cannot be performed on "real" operating computer networks, and data collected during real information attacks is incomplete and sporadic, extensive network facilities have become a necessary component of security research. In order to assure the scalability of results, it is important that the experimental network properly emulates the "real" network. The development of such an experimental facility for network security research is presented. It will allow for a high level of software visualization enabling the users to achieve a high level of network scalability and rapid deployment, ensuring proper analysis and development of new tools and techniques for threat detection and mitigation.