cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 53 – The Adenosine A2a Receptor and Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract The prevalence of diabetes in the global population was approximately 7% in 2011 and is projected to increase to 8.3% by 2030, placing affected individuals at an increased risk for diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes. The global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and vision-threatening retinopathy is estimated to be 93 million, 17 million, and 28 million, respectively. Adenosine and its receptors, and particularly the adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A), have been implicated in the response of the retinal vasculature and neurons to adenosine and have been associated with protection from development of PDR in individuals with type 1 diabetes. ADORA2A plays a role in regulation of blood flow, glucose transport, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and amelioration of oxidative stress. The physiologic roles of adenosine, acting via ADORA2A, make its agonists and antagonists promising targets for therapeutic interventions for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Complete gene sequence of spider attachment silk protein (PySp1) reveals novel linker regions and extreme repeat homogenization.

Abstract Spiders use a myriad of silk types for daily survival, and each silk type has a unique suite of task-specific mechanical properties. Of all spider silk types, pyriform silk is distinct because it is a combination of a dry protein fiber and wet glue. Pyriform silk fibers are coated with wet cement and extruded into “attachment discs” that adhere silks to each other and to substrates. The mechanical properties of spider silk types are linked to the primary and higher-level structures of spider silk proteins (spidroins). Spidroins are often enormous molecules (>250 kDa) and have a lengthy repetitive region that is flanked by relatively short (∼100 amino acids), non-repetitive amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions. The amino acid sequence motifs in the repetitive region vary greatly between spidroin type, while motif length and number underlie the remarkable mechanical properties of spider silk fibers. Existing knowledge of pyriform spidroins is fragmented, making it difficult to define links between the structure and function of pyriform spidroins. Here, we present the full-length sequence of the gene encoding pyriform spidroin 1 (PySp1) from the silver garden spider Argiope argentata. The predicted protein is similar to previously reported PySp1 sequences but the A. argentata PySp1 has a uniquely long and repetitive “linker”, which bridges the amino-terminal and repetitive regions. Predictions of the hydrophobicity and secondary structure of A. argentata PySp1 identify regions important to protein self-assembly. Analysis of the full complement of A. argentata PySp1 repeats reveals extreme intragenic homogenization, and comparison of A. argentata PySp1 repeats with other PySp1 sequences identifies variability in two sub-repetitive expansion regions. Overall, the full-length A. argentata PySp1 sequence provides new evidence for understanding how pyriform spidroins contribute to the properties of pyriform silk fibers.
Actuality effects as conversational implicatures

Abstract Past perfective on the Spanish possibility modal poder (“can”, “be able to”) can trigger either an actuality or a counterfactuality effect on the prejacent. This is surprisingly different from other languages with an overt perfective vs. imperfective distinction (French, Hindi, Greek, etc.), where past perfective morphology on a possibility modal leads to actuality entailments ( Bhatt, 1999 , Hacquard, 2006 ). Contrary to previous work ( Borgonovo and Cummins, 2007 , Borgonovo, 2011 ), in this paper I argue that the effects observed in Spanish are best characterized as arising pragmatically from the interaction between the discourse model of the Question Under Discussion ( Buring, 2003 ) and the Levinsonian maxims of Quantity and Informativeness. I propose that constructions with past perfective poder can be potentially ambiguous between the two readings, whereas those with past imperfective poder are just vague.
Structural Analysis of Human Cofilin 2/Filamentous Actin Assemblies: Atomic-Resolution Insights from Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy.

Cellular actin dynamics is an essential element of numerous cellular processes, such as cell motility, cell division and endocytosis. Actin’s involvement in these processes is mediated by many actin-binding proteins, among which the cofilin family plays unique and essential role in accelerating actin treadmilling in filamentous actin (F-actin) in a nucleotide-state dependent manner. Cofilin preferentially interacts with older filaments by recognizing time-dependent changes in F-actin structure associated with the hydrolysis of ATP and release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the nucleotide cleft of actin. The structure of cofilin on F-actin and the details of the intermolecular interface remain poorly understood at atomic resolution. Here we report atomic-level characterization by magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR of the muscle isoform of human cofilin 2 (CFL2) bound to F-actin. We demonstrate that resonance assignments for the majority of atoms are readily accomplished and we derive the intermolecular interface between CFL2 and F-actin. The MAS NMR approach reported here establishes the foundation for atomic-resolution characterization of a broad range of actin-associated proteins bound to F-actin.
Comparison of FEFF9 results of metallic niobium and niobium oxides to EELS

FEFF 9, using the full multiple scattering theory, is used in order to model electron energy-loss near-edge structure for Nb and the Nb oxides. This study explores the basic functions of FEFF 9 code, as well as some of its features including the concepts of convergence and the effect of core holes. It also goes on to show how the results of FEFF 9 compare with actual experimental EELS results. Although FEFF 9 is not as accurate as DFT calculations when used properly it can provide much faster results that are comparable to those obtained by DFT.
Land Use Regulations and Fertility Rates

Previous literature has shown that land use regulations influence where people choose to live within the United States by impacting housing prices. In this chapter, we study the impact of these same regulations on another component of population growth-fertility rates. First, we employ a dataset on the stringency of land restrictions using court based measures created by Ganong and Shoag (Why has regional income divergence in the U.S. declined?.Journal of Urban Economics, in press). We add to this separate cross-sectional measures of land use regulations from the American Institute of Planners, the Wharton Urban Decentralization Project survey, and the Wharton Residential Land Use Regulation Index (WRLURI). Combining this data with fertility data from the CDC and the Survey of Epidemiology and End Results data, we explore the impact of land use regulations on fertility at both the state and county level. We find a significant negative relationship between land use restrictions and fertility rates across all measures and geographies. Specifically, we find that land use regulations reduce fertility rates for teens and women in their 20’s while increasing the fertility rate for women in their 30’s or older to a lesser degree.
Provably Efficient Scheduling of Dynamically Allocating Programs on Parallel Cache Hierarchies

Thread schedulers are designed to dynamically map parallel programs to processors to optimize performance metrics including memory footprint, number of cache misses at each cache level, and load balance, so as to minimize the total running time of the program. Programs with dynamic memory allocation pose particular challenges for thread schedulers, and indeed prior schedulers that are provably cache- and time-efficient on multi-level cache hierarchies require static memory allocation. Not only do many thread schedulers fail to reuse memory effectively, but there is often an inherent trade-off between parallelism and memory use in algorithms. In this paper, we present the first runtime thread scheduler for multi-level cache hierarchies, called the space-bounded recursive-PDF scheduler, that is provably space-, cache-, and time-efficient for parallel programs that dynamically allocate memory. Our bounds hold for nested parallel programs with good regularity as measured by the effective cache complexity — a program-centric metric. The cache and time bounds are asymptotically optimal, while the space bound is asymptotically optimal for highly parallel and regular programs.
Pathologie der Frühkarzinome des Gastrointestinaltrakts

Fruhkarzinome des Gastrointestinaltrakts stellen maligne Erkrankungen dar, die oft fur eine lokale Therapie in Betracht kommen und eine exzellente Prognose aufweisen. Darstellung der pathologischen Diagnostik. Die Entitaten werden geordnet nach ihrer Lokalisation und unter Berucksichtigung aktueller Leitlinien und der relevanten Literatur behandelt. Die exakte histopathologische Diagnostik von Fruhkarzinomen des Gastrointestinaltrakts stellt die Basis fur das weitere therapeutische Vorgehen dar. Grundsatzlich besteht hier in der Mehrzahl der Falle die Moglichkeit einer lokalen organerhaltenden Resektion, die im Vergleich zur Organresektion mit einer geringeren Verweildauer in der Klinik und geringerer Morbiditat vergesellschaftet ist. Damit diese nicht auf Kosten einer erhohten Rezidiv‑/Progressionsrate erreicht wird, ist eine optimale Risikoabschatzung durch eine perfekte histopathologische Stadieneinteilung erforderlich. Diese umfasst die Beurteilung der Eindringtiefe, das Grading, das Auftreten von Gefaseinbruchen sowie die Absetzungsflachen. Molekulare Untersuchungen haben mit Ausnahme der Fragestellung einer moglicherweise zugrunde liegenden hereditaren Erkrankung derzeit keinen etablierten Stellenwert. Die exakte histopathologische Diagnostik gastrointestinaler Fruhkarzinome stellt die Grundlage fur die erfolgreiche und schonende Behandlung dar.
AVIAN VIRUS GROWTHS AND THEIR ETIOLOGIC AGENTS.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on avian virus growth and their etiologic agents. Despite great apparent differences in pathogenesis and etiology of the growths, numerous findings have consistently suggested a distinct continuity of inter associations, both in the natural occurrence and in the viral transmission of the various neoplastic states. A notable trend in the recent investigation of these avian tumors has been a shift in principle away from the earlier purely qualitative biologic experimentation and toward the application of methods designed to afford quantitation and definitive correlation of data of diverse sorts. The most recent work with the avian tumor viruses has been concerned with further characterization of various individual strains of the agents and with penetration into the still obscure province of cell–virus interactions at the ultrastructural and biochemical levels. Although the evidence of viral etiology has been well established, the concepts of the etiologic interrelationships of the diseases have represented, to this day, practically every conceivable variation of the potentialities. The factors that influence and regulate both quantitative and qualitative aspects of host response to the tumor agents do not differ from those concerned with the occurrence of other virus diseases. Among the most helpful advances in the study of the avian tumor viruses is the recent, very considerable increase in the knowledge of the nature of the agents themselves. Systematic utilization of tissue culture systems for study of the avian tumor viruses has been undertaken only in recent years. It has been the intent of this chapter to attempt some correlation of the many data obtained, primarily in the more recent years, in the study of the avian tumors and their filterable etiologic agents.
On the helicity of variously twisted chains of atoms

I V . M a n y t u r n H e l i c e s L o n g C h a i n s of A t o m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 1. G e n e r a l C o n s i d e r a t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 2. C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e M o t i f s i n [ 2 j H e l i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 3. C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e C r o s s S e c t i o n s of [2~-Hel ices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 4. E f f e c t s of D i f f e r e n c e s of B o n d A n g l e in E2]-Hel ices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 5. C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e E2] -Hel ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8 6. G e n e r a l A t t r i b u t e s of [2~-Hel ices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 7. R i n g H e l i c e s a n d R i n g s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 8. S t a r H e l i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9 9. R e c t a n g u l a r H e l i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0 10. A m p h i v e r s e H e l i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 11. R a d i a l H e l i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 12. S t e p (tram) H e l i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6
The Resources of the Ocean

Resources can be of two basic types: those, such as food, that are renewable because they can be replaced by the growth of plants and animals, and those, such as most mineral resources, including coal and oil, that are depletable and so are nonrenewable because there is a fixed supply. Both renewable and nonrenewable resources are present in large quantities in the ocean and there is considerable enthusiasm among the countries of the world to obtain them. With regard to the biologic or renewable resources, some feel that the present fish catch from the sea may already be dangerously close to exceeding the maximum sustainable yield of this resource. Little, however, is really known about the distribution of fish and other organisms in the ocean and how they can be best managed. A new approach, aquaculture, will allow some fishery products to be harvested similarly to crops on land, thus changing the fisherman from a hunter to a farmer with a substantial increase in efficiency. Other potential resources, such as energy from the ocean, are discussed in Chapter 9.
Biased reference counting: minimizing atomic operations in garbage collection

Reference counting (RC) is one of the two fundamental approaches to garbage collection. It has the desirable characteristics of low memory overhead and short pause times, which are key in today's interactive mobile platforms. However, RC has a higher execution time overhead than its counterpart, tracing garbage collection. The reason is that RC implementations maintain per-object counters, which must be continually updated. In particular, the execution time overhead is high in environments where low memory overhead is critical and, therefore, non-deferred RC is used. This is because the counter updates need to be performed atomically. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel algorithm called Biased Reference Counting (BRC), which significantly improves the performance of non-deferred RC. BRC is based on the observation that most objects are only accessed by a single thread, which allows most RC operations to be performed non-atomically. BRC leverages this by biasing each object towards a specific thread, and keeping two counters for each object --- one updated by the owner thread and another updated by the other threads. This allows the owner thread to perform RC operations non-atomically, while the other threads update the second counter atomically. We implement BRC in the Swift programming language runtime, and evaluate it with client and server programs. We find that BRC makes each RC operation more than twice faster in the common case. As a result, BRC reduces the average execution time of client programs by 22.5%, and boosts the average throughput of server programs by 7.3%.
Quantifying electron transit in donor-bridge-acceptor systems using probabilistic confidence

A probabilistic approach to characterizing transit times for quantum particles is generalized to a system of more than two spatial regions and applied to the transport of charge in donor-bridge-acc...
Lysosomal Ion Channels as Decoders of Cellular Signals

Lysosomes, the degradation center of the cell, are filled with acidic hydrolases. Lysosomes generate nutrient-sensitive signals to regulate the import of H+, hydrolases, and endocytic and autophagic cargos, as well as the export of their degradation products (catabolites). In response to environmental and cellular signals, lysosomes change their positioning, number, morphology, size, composition, and activity within minutes to hours to meet the changing cellular needs. Ion channels in the lysosome are essential transducers that mediate signal-initiated Ca2+/Fe2+/Zn2+ release and H+/Na+/K+-dependent changes of membrane potential across the perimeter membrane. Dysregulation of lysosomal ion flux impairs lysosome movement, membrane trafficking, nutrient sensing, membrane repair, organelle membrane contact, and lysosome biogenesis and adaptation. Hence, activation and inhibition of lysosomal channels by synthetic modulators may tune lysosome function to maintain cellular health and promote cellular clearance in lysosome storage disorders.
Nutrient supplementation no substitute for healthy diets.

The VITAL trial showed that neither vitamin D nor fish oil supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conversely, current evidence supports the benefits of multiple dietary patterns, especially the Mediterranean diet, in primary prevention of CVD. Health effects of low-carbohydrate diets depend on the food sources of macronutrients.
P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists: Do They Really Inhibit Shear-Mediated Platelet Activation within MCS?

Purpose Shear-mediated platelet activation (SMPA) by supra-physiological blood flow found within MCS is a main driver and contributor of device-related thrombosis. Thus, antiplatelet drugs targeting the main pathways of platelet activation are routinely prescribed. We have shown, that aspirin and GP IIbIIIa blockers have limited ability in mitigating SMPA, and do NOT protect platelets from integrin shedding and microparticle (MP) generation. In contrast, ticagrelor, a direct P2Y12 purinergic receptor antagonist, drastically inhibits platelet prothrombinase activity induced by high shear. The aim of the study was to define the role of the P2Y12 pathway in SMPA and evaluate the effect of P2Y12 antagonists on platelet procoagulant activity and MP generation induced by high shear stress. Methods The following P2Y12 antagonists were used: clopidogrel active metabolite (10 µM), cangrelor (1 µM) and ticagrelor (1 µM). After 10 min incubation with the agent, human platelets were exposed to continuous high shear stress (70 dyn/cm2, 10 min) in a hemodynamic shearing device. Platelet procoagulant activity was assessed using the annexin V binding assay, detecting procoagulant surface exposure, and platelet activity state (PAS) assay measuring thrombin generation. MPs were quantified by flow cytometry as CD41+/AnV+ particles distinguished from platelets by their FS/SS. Results Ticagrelor and cangrelor showed similar inhibitory effect, consistently decreasing both platelet procoagulant activity and microparticle generation induced by shear stress. The number of AnV+ platelets, AnV+ MPs, and PAS levels were decreased by 26%, 27%, and 30%, respectively, as compared with non-treated controls subjected to shear. Clopidogrel active metabolite, known for its low affinity to the targeted receptor, reduced PAS by 15%, while annexin V binding was diminished in more than 10 times for platelets and 2 times for MPs, indicating a significant reduction of platelet procoagulant surface exposure but limited inhibition of thrombin generation. Conclusion P2Y12 purinergic receptor antagonists inhibit shear-mediated platelet procoagulant surface formation and microparticle generation, both contributors in overall platelet prothrombotic activity induced by high shear stress within MCS. Our results suggest that P2Y12 pathway is involved in the regulation of SMPA.
DEVELOPING A TEACHING ASSISTANT PREPARATION PROGRAM IN THE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY, UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON

A program preparing graduate students to teach was developed in the School of Oceanography, University of Washington, in response to repeated graduate student complaints about the lack of a program. The program is based on surveys of groups affected by the program and research on TA preparation, rather than on the personal preferences of the faculty, to ensure partial ownership by all groups. It is aligned with the reform of science education, as are the educational perspectives of the graduate students. It consists of a two-day Orientation for new TAs, peer assistance and peer mentoring for TAs, and an ongoing series of courses and brown-bag discussions. Program preparation took two years: one to prepare a program plan, the second to develop, with the help of graduate students and postdocs, the workshops comprising the Orientation. The first Orientation was held in September 2000 and was evaluated very favorably by the participants. The ongoing part of the program consists of an autumn quarter course on ...
The Importance of Listening to Patients and to Evidence Regarding Consent for Research.

The article “When Is It Ethical for Physician-Investigators to Seek Consent From Their Own Patients?” offers a nuanced view of the role of treating clinicians in consent processes for clinical rese...
Are There Contraindications for Placing Dental Implants

There are few absolute contraindications to dental implant placement. Relative contraindications include cognitive decline, American Society of Anesthesiology patient status IV or higher categories, or medical conditions that may jeopardize the life or lifespan of the patient. Precautions for placing dental implants should be viewed with respect to the evidence-based exposures that can contribute to risk of failure, including but not limited to local, behavioral, and medical factors. Risk for dental implant failure increases in association with (1) past history of periodontal disease, (2) bruxism, (3) smoking, and (4) radiation therapy.
Sleep time following anesthesia in mouse lines selected for resistance or susceptibility to fescue toxicosis

In previous work, a mouse line selected for resistance (R) to fescue toxicosis had higher activities of two hepatic Phase II detoxification enzymes than a mouse line selected for fescue toxicosis susceptibility (S). The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether those same lines also differed in hepatic Phase I enzyme activity, estimated from sleep time (ST) following sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Additional objectives were to determine whether ST differences between lines were modulated by endophyte-infected fescue in the diet (with or without an enzyme inducer) and whether ST of individual mice was correlated with the effect of a toxin-containing diet on the postweaning growth of those mice. In Exp. I, 24 males from each line were randomly assigned to each of five diets: control (commercial rodent food meal); E+ (50% endophyte-infected fescue seed, 50% control); E+P (the E+ diet supplemented with 1,000 ppm phenobarbital); E- (50% endophyte-free fescue seed, 50% control); and E-P (the E- diet supplemented with 1,000 ppm phenobarbital). After 4 wk on these diets, ST was measured on all the mice. A second ST was recorded on each mouse by randomly sampling one-fourth of the population after 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk on a pelleted rodent food diet. Regardless of diet, R mice had shorter first and second ST than S mice (P < 0.01), suggesting higher hepatic Phase I microsomal enzyme activity. Mice on both phenobarbital-supplemented diets had shorter first ST than mice whose diets did not include that microsomal enzyme inducer (P < 0.01). In Exp. II, ST was measured on male and female R and S mice (n = 280) after they had been fed the E- diet for 2 wk, then the E+ diet for 2 wk, and then a pelleted rodent food diet for 2 wk. Growth response to the E+ diet was the percentage of reduction in gain on the E+ diet compared to gain on the E- diet the previous 2 wk. As in Exp. I, S mice slept longer than R mice (P < 0.01). The residual correlation between ST and gain reduction associated with the E+ diet equaled 0.04. Thus, an animal's apparent Phase I enzyme activity did not predict its growth rate depression on the toxin-containing diet. Based on these and previous studies, divergent selection for toxicosis response in mice was successful partially by causing divergence in activities of hepatic Phase I and II detoxification enzymes.
Fractures about the knee in children

Fractures around the knee in children include epiphyseal and metaphyseal fractures, injuries of the growth plate, fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia, avulsion fracture of the tibial spine, fracture of the tibial tubercle, and fracture or dislocation of the patella with osteochondral fractures.
Early Gut Microbiome: A Good Start in Nutrition and Growth May Have Lifelong Lasting Consequences

Initial colonization, establishment, and development of the gut microbiota play an essential role in long-term health. The birthing process is the first major exposure to microorganisms, though there is evidence of pre-natal exposures to low-abundance microorganisms. Different modes of birth facilitate colonization of different microorganisms, which are further modulated by early diet (breast feeding vs formula feeding), environment, and exposure to antibiotics. This chapter discusses mechanisms and consequences of differential colonization and maintenance of the infant microbiota, and their implications for overall health.
Risks of Neoplasia and Malignancy in Surgically Resected Cystic Parotid Lesions.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the risks of neoplasm and malignancy in surgically treated cystic parotid masses compared with solid or mixed lesions and to evaluate the performance of fine-needle aspiration...
Adaptive mesh refinement in the fast lane

Abstract This paper presents an approach for constructing an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme, targeting next-generation computing hardware. The key to the design is the particular combination of aspects of cell-based AMR and patch-based AMR. We examine the feasibility of this new method with respect to correctness, preservation of circular symmetry, ease of programming and performance impacts on runtime and memory usage. This method exploration is done in CLAMR, a cell-based AMR mini-app that already runs on GPUs and other next-generation hardware platforms. The composability of the application is improved by decoupling the physics code and mesh code. Each level of the mesh is made independent through the use of phantom cells. The net result is a clear pathway to getting the full application on the GPU while also minimizing development requirements to convert a regular grid application to AMR.
P-0111 Folfirinox Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer in an Electronic Health Records (Ehrs) Warehouse in the us

Abstract Introduction As first reported at the June 2010 ASCO meeting, FOLFIRINOX is a chemotherapy regimen with proven efficacy for metastatic pancreatic cancer; however, its toxicity profile may limit its use to a subset of patients. A proprietary EHR data warehouse of approximately 650,000 cancer patients from 70 institutions comprising 330 oncology clinics in the US provides a unique resource to evaluate actual clinical practice. We described demographic and clinical characteristics of metastatic pancreatic cancer patients who were prescribed FOLFIRINOX at any time after diagnosis and as first line of treatment, and those patients who were not, using real world clinical data from a proprietary EHR warehouse. Methods Patients and treatment characteristics were collected for incident cases of metastatic pancreatic cancer diagnosed between July 1 2010 and November 30 2011. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors predictive of FOLFIRINOX administration during the study period. Results 2945 active pancreatic cancer patients were identified. Of those with staging information, 838 (63.0%) were metastatic at the time of diagnosis, with 514 receiving any chemotherapeutic treatment. Of the 514, 53 (10.3%) received FOLFIRINOX at any time after diagnosis, including 38 (7.4%) who received FOLFIRINOX as first line of treatment. Mean age at diagnosis was 58.4 in the FOLFIRINOX group compared to 66.9 years in the no FOLFIRINOX group (p Conclusion Utilizing a US-based, proprietary EHR warehouse, this analysis reports real world practice data on the use of FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. Compared to patients receiving other treatment options, those receiving FOLFIRINOX were younger, more likely to be male, and to have been diagnosed after the May 2011 journal publication of the results first reported at the 2010 ASCO meeting.
Hip and Groin Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women’s Soccer Players:

Background:Hip and groin injuries are common in competitive soccer players and have been shown to be significant sources of time loss. There are few studies describing the epidemiology of hip and g...
Moving beyond the rhetoric: a comment on Szetela’s critique of the Black Lives Matter movement

Adam Szetela criticizes Black Lives Matter for being a movement with extremely broad and unrealistic goals. If attention is restricted to what movement leaders say, then the criticism has merit. Ho...
Calreticulin expression in human cardiac myocytes induces ER stress-associated apoptosis

The global burden of heart failure following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a growing problem. One pathway that is key to understanding the progression of myocardial infarction and IR injury is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, which contributes to apoptosis signaling and tissue death. The role of calreticulin in the progression of ER stress remains controversial. We hypothesized that calreticulin induction drives proapoptotic signaling in response to ER stress. We find here that calreticulin is upregulated in human ischemic heart failure cardiac tissue, as well as simulated hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) and thapsigargin-mediated ER stress. To test the impact of direct modulation of calreticulin expression on ER stress-induced apoptosis, human cardiac-derived AC16 cells with stable overexpression or silencing of calreticulin were subjected to thapsigargin treatment, and markers of apoptosis were evaluated. It was found that overexpression of calreticulin promotes apoptosis, while a partial knockdown protects against the expression of caspase 12, CHOP, and reduces thapsigargin-driven TUNEL staining. These data shed light on the role that calreticulin plays in apoptosis signaling during ER stress in cardiac cells.
Program Accreditation and Anticipatory Socialization to Doctoral Education in Kosovo

The study outlines labor market considerations for the Republic of Kosovo’s higher education institutions related to (1) the employment of doctoral degree holders and (2) maintaining program accreditation. It then identifies how discourses of accreditation at the national and supranational levels influence the anticipatory socialization of students to doctoral study in Kosovo. Future analysis willinvestigate popular discourses that contribute to graduate student anticipatory socialization, such as debates over degree quality or perceptions that higher education in Kosovo misaligns with the national labor market.
Flying lizards plan ahead to avoid clutter

![Graphic][1] Packed with tall trees and vine-like lianas, the tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia present a maze for vertebrate flyers. In these forests, a wealth of species – frogs, lizards, snakes, squirrels and colugos – flit about on makeshift wings, trading potential energy
Boating in the School Program

(1958). Boating in the School Program. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 8-36.
Production and analysis of a mammalian septin hetero-octamer complex

Abstract The septins are filament-forming proteins found in diverse eukaryotes from fungi to vertebrates, with roles in cytokinesis, shaping of membranes and modifying cytoskeletal organization. These GTPases assemble into rod-shaped soluble hetero-hexamers and hetero-octamers in mammals, which polymerize into filaments and higher order structures. While the cell biology and pathobiology of septins are advancing rapidly, mechanistic study of the mammalian septins is limited by a lack of recombinant hetero-octamer materials. We describe here the production and characterization of a recombinant mammalian septin hetero-octamer of defined stoichiometry, the SEPT2/SEPT6/SEPT7/SEPT3 complex. Using a fluorescent protein fusion to the complex, we observed filaments assembled from this complex. In addition, we used this novel tool to resolve recent questions regarding the organization of the soluble septin complex. Biochemical characterization of a SEPT3 truncation that disrupts SEPT3-SEPT3 interactions is consistent with SEPT3 occupying a central position in the complex while the SEPT2 subunits are at the ends of the rod-shaped octameric complexes. Consistent with SEPT2 being on the complex ends, we find that our purified SEPT2/SEPT6/SEPT7/SEPT3 hetero-octamer copolymerizes into mixed filaments with separately purified SEPT2/SEPT6/SEPT7 hetero-hexamer. We expect this new recombinant production approach to lay essential groundwork for future studies into mammalian septin mechanism and function.
Organizing Chaos: Iterative Professional Identity Formation Through the Lens of Mask Making

Introduction Professional identity formation (PIF) is a sociocultural process through which medical students adopt the professional role of physician. This process is often unscripted and influenced by informal curricular elements. PIF is as important as the acquisition of knowledge and clinical skill in the continuum of medical education. Methods Using the ancient art of mask making, we created a process of reflective expression to explicitly examine and formally promote PIF. Students created individual masks to express elements of self in the context of their medical education experiences. Coupled with a narrative reflection describing the mask and the process of mask making, students were challenged to examine and give shape to their evolving sense of professional identity. Using a retrospective pre/post design, we used the mask-making process to examine identity across 4 years of medical school in a cohort of graduating students. Results The masks and accompanying narratives showed themes of moving from anxiety and uncertainty at matriculation to a more calm and focused state at the time of graduation. Other themes included the ability to organize complex material and the accumulation of a broad fund of knowledge. Students found the mask-making experience to be introspective and enjoyable. Discussion Mask making is both a product (mask) and process (creation). As such, mask making is an innovative strategy to examine PIF within individuals and across time. Organization, focus, and self-understanding were common themes of professional growth.
Effectiveness of Providing Video Podcasts to Pharmacy Students in a Self-Study Pharmaceutical Calculations Module.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of providing educational video podcasts to first-year pharmacy students enrolled in a self-taught pharmaceutical calculations module. Methods. Six video podcasts were designed and posted online for pharmacy students to review prior to taking pharmaceutical calculations quizzes over the course of one year. The video podcasts demonstrated how to solve the most difficult problems on each of the six quizzes. Quiz performance was compared for the 2017-2018 year (no videos available) and the 2018-2019 year (videos available). Students provided feedback about the videos in a year-end survey. Results. Overall quiz scores and passing rates improved during the 2018-2019 academic year. Enhanced student performance on three of the six quizzes was demonstrated. A majority of students strongly agreed that the videos were helpful. Conclusion. Watching video podcasts was effective in improving pharmacy students’ performance on calculations quizzes. The students indicated that the podcasts were helpful in improving their math skills and facilitated their learning of the material.
Cosmology without window functions: Quadratic estimators for the galaxy power spectrum

Conventional algorithms for galaxy power-spectrum estimation measure the true spectrum convolved with a survey window function, which, for parameter inference, must be compared with a similarly convolved theory model. In this work, we directly estimate the unwindowed power spectrum multipoles using quadratic estimators akin to those introduced in the late 1990s. Under Gaussian assumptions, these are optimal and free from the leading-order effects of pixelization and non-Poissonian shot noise. They may be straightforwardly computed given the survey dataset and a suite of simulations of known cosmology. We implement the pixel-based maximum-likelihood estimator and a simplification based on the Feldman-Kaiser-Peacock weighting scheme, both of which can be computed via FFTs and conjugate-gradient descent methods. Furthermore, the estimators allow direct computation of spectrum coefficients in an arbitrary linear compression scheme, without needing to first bin the statistic. Applying the technique to a subset of the BOSS DR12 galaxies, we find that the pixel-based quadratic estimators give statistically consistent power spectra, compressed coefficients, and cosmological parameters to those obtained with the usual windowed approaches. Because of the sample's low number density and compact window function, the optimal weighting scheme gives little improvement over the simplified form; this may change for dense surveys or those focusing on primordial non-Gaussianity. The technique is shown to be efficient and robust, and shows significant potential for measuring the windowless power spectrum and bispectrum in the presence of weak non-Gaussianity.
Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy in Heart Failure with Recovered Ejection Fraction.

Abstract Given recent advances in both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies for improving outcomes related to chronic systolic heart failure, heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) is now recognized as a distinct clinical entity with increasing prevalence. In many patients who once had an indication for active implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy, questions remain regarding the usefulness of this primary prevention strategy to protect against syncope and cardiac arrest after they have achieved myocardial recovery. Early, small studies provide convincing evidence for continued guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in segments of the HFrecEF population to promote persistent left ventricular myocardial recovery. Retrospective data suggest that the risk of sudden cardiac death is lower, but still present, in HFrecEF as compared with HF with reduced ejection fraction, with reports of up to 5 appropriate ICD therapies delivered per 100 patient-years. The usefulness of continued ICD therapy is weighed against the unfavorable effects of this strategy, which include a cumulative risk of infection, inappropriate discharge, and patient-level anxiety. Historically, many surrogate measures for risk stratification have been explored, but few have demonstrated efficacy and widespread availability. We found that the available data to inform decisions surrounding the continued use of active ICD therapies in this population are incomplete, and more advanced tools such as genetic testing, evaluation of high-risk structural cardiomyopathies (such as noncompaction), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have emerged as vital in risk stratification. Clinicians and patients should engage in shared decision-making to evaluate the appropriateness of active ICD therapy for any given individual. In this article, we explore the definition of HFrecEF, data underlying continuation of guideline-directed medical therapy in patients who have achieved left ventricular ejection fraction recovery, the benefits and risks of active ICD therapy, and surrogate measures that may have a role in risk stratification.
A Comparison of Cognitive Presence, Learning, Satisfaction, and Academic Performance in Case-Based and Non-Case-Based Online Discussions

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how employing Case-based (CB) and Non-case-based (NCB) discussions facilitate high-level learning, and whether or not there is a relationship betw...
Linking MATTERS: Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine-Naloxone in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder and Linkage to Long-Term Care.

In March 2019, our health system launched a project called Linking MATTERS (Medication for Addiction Treatment linkage Through Emergency depaRtmentS) to initiate evidence-based treatment for opioid...
A case report of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in North Florida.

Abstract Primary amebic meningoencephalitis is a rare, usually fatal disease, caused by Naegleria fowleri. This case highlights the challenging clinicopathologic diagnosis in a 13-year-old boy who swam in freshwater in northern Florida where a previous case had exposure to a body of water on the same property in 2009.
BLACK GIRL TRIES KOREAN MAKEUP: RACE, GENDER, AND TRANSNATIONAL PLATFORM

This study aims to theorize how YouTube fundamentally capitalizes the racial and gender identity of women of color and local culture in a way it facilitates inter-racial and inter-cultural conflicts. I specifically focus on so-called K-beauty (Korean beauty), a catchy trend on YouTube which encompasses aesthetics, cosmetic products, and beauty ideals from South Korea, characterized by pursuing glowing, dewy, and light skin tone featuring a variety of skincare products. K-beauty is now being adopted by non-Koreans in North America including Black women influencers on the borderless platform of YouTube, who created the Black Girl Tries Korean Makeup video series. By using a Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis approach, I examined YouTube videos, comments, as well as the module titled “Building a Global Channel” to analyze not only the contents and discourses around that but also the platform that might have shaped this intercultural flow on YouTube. Black women YouTubers actively critiqued the light skin preference, as well as anti-Blackness reflected in K-beauty brands through the Black Girls, Tries Korean Makeup video series. Korean viewers, on the other hand, strongly rejected these accusations of the anti-Black aspect of K-beauty, explaining distinctive Korean racial dynamic as a one-ethnic country where the light skin preference is not translated to the anti-Blackness. I argue that this inter-cultural and inter-racial conflict arguably has been shaped by YouTube’s digital infrastructure that prioritizes short, trendy, how-to-style videos, that do not require a lengthy contextualization of each culture’s beauty practices, and history of oppressions.
Making Our Pitch: Engaging Practitioner Supervisors in the Development of the Dissertation in Practice:

This article describes the incorporation of a pitch presentation early in a Doctor of Education (EdD) program to help pre-candidacy students develop a dissertation in practice topic that has the su...
Little People: Higher-Order Capacities and the Argument from Potential

If the arguments of Chapters 2 and Chapters 3 are sound, then even human infants, fetuses, embryos, and zygotes have the typical human capacities that are sufficient to generate serious moral status. This conclusion was reached by arguing that, as an adult human organism undergoes temporary changes that are more and more serious, the order of the capacities we must appeal to in generating serious moral status gets higher and higher. We eventually reach a point where the adult in the middle of a temporary change has an order of capacities that is just as high as the order of capacities possessed by the most undeveloped human organisms.
Signaling environmental quality to green consumers and the incentive to invest in cleaner technology: Effect of environmental regulation

I consider an imperfectly competitive industry where firms signal the environmental attribute of their production technology through prices to environmentally conscious consumers that are not informed about the environmental damage caused by firms but are willing to pay more for "cleaner" products. I analyze the effect of changes in the level of environmental regulation on signaling behavior of firms and their incentive to develop cleaner technology. While cleaner firm types charge higher prices when regulation is weak, higher price does not signal better environmental performance when regulation is sufficiently stringent. With weak regulation, a monopolist has absolutely no incentive to invest in the development of a potentially less damaging technology even though consumers are willing to pay more for the product. This incentive is positive when regulation is strong enough. In a more competitive market structure (duopoly with price competition), firms may have strategic incentive to invest even when regulation is weak.
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms within exon 1 of the canine mu‐opioid receptor gene

Abstract Objective To determine the presence and frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within exon 1 of the canine mu-opioid receptor (MOR) gene. Study design Prospective genetic analysis. Animals Seventy-five dogs of various breeds. Methods DNA was isolated from dog blood. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify exon 1 of the canine MOR gene using primers derived from a published sequence. PCR products of anticipated size were identified by gel electrophoresis, isolated and sequenced. Results Two SNPs were found within the examined region. One is 15 base pairs (bp) upstream (C-15A) of the protein-coding portion of the gene. The second is at position 207 (C207T); a synonymous mutation predicting unaltered protein sequence. The overall prevalence of the C-15A SNP was 43% (64/150 alleles). The overall prevalence of the C207T SNP was 26% (39/150 alleles). Conclusions and clinical relevance Absence of haplotypes containing both an adenosine at position −15 and a thymine at position 207 suggests that these polymorphisms occurred independently from each other. How these SNPs influence variations in responses seen after opioid administration to dogs remain to be determined, however, our data indicates the C-15A SNP may play a role in opioid dysphoria.