cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends in Bacterial Wound Isolates and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in a Pediatric Burn Hospital

The purpose of this retrospective study was to collate data dealing with organisms cultured from the burn patients and evaluate trends in antimicrobial susceptibility. All cultures collected from each acute admission patient between 2004 and 2011 in the 30-bed pediatric burn hospital were evaluated for their annual frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility. Duplicate cultures were excluded. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated most frequently (25% of total isolates; range, 69-408 isolates/yr), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%; range, 40-202 isolates/yr), coagulase-negative staphylococci (9%; range, 2-188 isolates/yr), Enterobacter cloacae (8%; range, 22-128 isolates/yr), and Escherichia coli (6%; range, 19-91 isolates/yr). This rank order remained relatively consistent during the period of study. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus increased from 20% in 2004 to about 45% in 2009 to 2011. Susceptibility to vancomycin was still 100%. In comparing periods 2004 to 2007 and 2008 to 2011, P. aeruginosa showed increased susceptibility to cefepime (from 76% to 84%) and the aminoglycosides (from 68% to 81%), whereas susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam remained high (from 91% to 93%). E. cloacae demonstrated 90 to 100% susceptibility to aminoglycosides, cefepime, and imipenem. E. coli showed an increased rate of resistance to ceftazidime but was still susceptible to imipenem and amikacin. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa continue to be the most prevalent organisms cultured from our pediatric burn population. Almost half of the staphylococcal isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Despite widespread use of piperacillin-tazobactam, P. aeruginosa susceptibility remained high. Several classes of antimicrobials continued to demonstrate good to excellent activity against the majority of organisms cultured from the burn patients.
Regulatory Mechanisms of a Chemoattractant Receptor on Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

The oligopeptide chemotactic factor receptor in leukocyte membranes exists in two affinity states that are in part interconvertible. Convertibility is regulated by guanine nucleotides, which suggests that a nucleotide regulatory unit allosterically modifies receptor affinity and participates in its transduction mechanisms. Approximately one-third of the high-affinity receptors in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) membranes are not subject to guanine nucleotide regulation. This fraction can be increased by agonist preincubation and could represent an intermediate form of the receptor prior to signal transduction and/or internalization. Pharmacologic manipulation of viable PMNs demonstrates that the affinity and functional activity of the chemoattractant receptor can be altered divergently by aliphatic alcohols and polyene antibiotics. The alcohols raise the receptors' affinity, enhance chemotaxis, but markedly depress chemoattractant-induced secretory mechanisms. In contrast, polyene antibiotics lower the receptors' affinity, depress chemotaxis, but enhance specific granule secretion. Thus, a relationship exists between the chemoattractant receptors' affinity and their ability to transduce signals for either chemotaxis or secretion.
Day Care and Early Childhood Settings: Fostering Mental Health in Young Children

The authors, with research supporting the relationship between experience and the developing brain, envision a new and innovative model of child care in which principles of child development and mental health play an integral role. The School of the Twenty-first Century, although housed in existing school buildings, will be far more than a traditional 8:00 AM-to-3:00 PM educational facility. It will become a hub of child and family life in the community and provide institutional and outreach services for children from birth to 12 years of age. Active developmental and mental health programs that provide education for parents, primary caretakers, and other providers are central to the model. These programs will include preventive, evaluative, and treatment services for children. The child psychiatrist is viewed as an important member of the mental health team, who helps identify, assess, and treat children with developmental and psychiatric difficulties.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of imported malaria management in Wuhan

Objective To comprehensively assess the effectiveness of measures to prevent and manage imported malaria in the migrant population in order to improve prevention and control of imported malaria.Methods Data on malaria cases from 2005 to 2010 in Wuhan were collected and analyzed to assess the effectiveness of management.Results Most cases of malaria in Wuhan since 2007 have been cases of imported malaria.Cases of imported falciparum malaria in particular have increased annually,but the annual number of patients with malaria has tended to decrease.The incidence of malaria has dropped below 0.2/105.Conclusion Malaria management has clearly been effective at controlling imported malaria.
On Developing the Application Platform of Archives' Comprehensive Management of Inner Mongolia Electric Power Research Institute

Archive resource is an important part of enterprise information resource.Therefore,the development and utilization of archive information resource should be attached importance to.Constructing digitalized archives system is helpful to improve archives management efficiency and modern management standard,and it is helpful to extend archives service ability and realize the co-share of archives information resources.
Scales for the assessment of Alzheimer's disease.

The clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease must be assessed and characterized comprehensively to confirm a diagnosis of dementia, to follow the course of the illness, and to evaluate the effects of treatment. This article describes the illness and evaluates the effects of treatment. This article describes the principle clinical assessment measures currently used to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of Alzheimer's disease.
Synthesis and function of relaxin in human endometrium

Circulating relaxin is not required for the establishment, maintenance or successful delivery of human pregnancy. Local synthesis in human endometrium is therefore necessary to suggest a role for relaxin in human endometrial function. Previous data demonstrate that relaxin is present in the endometrium during the late luteal phase. Immunohistochemical studies of endometrium from patients at different stages of the menstrual cycle demonstrated localization of relaxin to glandular epithelial cells during the luteal phase using antibodies to the native hormone and to the human relaxin C-peptide [1]. The presence of relaxin has also been detected by immunohistochemistry in secretory endometrium from a) women having natural cycles after day 3 postovulation, b) anovulatory premenopausal women taking progestins, and c) postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen-progesterone replacement therapy, but not in normal proliferative phase or early secretory endometrium [2]. However, localization may be due to sequestration of circulating relaxin or C-peptide. No data have provided evidence for the synthesis of relaxin in human endometrium.
Big Data Analysis with Hadoop on Personalized Incentive Model with Statistical Hotel Customer Data

Due to the advancement of Information Technology IT, the hospitality industry is seeing a great value in gathering various kinds of and a large amount of customers' data. However, many hotels are facing a challenge in analyzing customer data and using it as an effective tool to understand the hospitality customers better and, ultimately, to increase the revenue. The authors' research attempts to resolve the current challenges of analyzing customer data in hospitality by utilizing the big data analysis tools, especially Hadoop and R. Hadoop is a framework for processing large-scale data. With the integration of new approach, their study demonstrates the ways of aggregating and analyzing the hospitality customer data to find meaningful customer information. Multiple decision trees are constructed from the customer data sets with the intention of classifying customers' needs and customers' clusters. By analyzing the customer data, the study suggests three strategies to increase the total expenditure of the customers within a limited amount of time during their stay.
Possessively Construed Attitude Dative Constructions in Lebanese Arabic

Possessive dative constructions—a subcategory of external possession constructions, similar but not identical to the English sentence She looked him in the eye —are a cross-linguistic phenomenon. These structures feature a nominal or pronominal element—in this case, him —that functions semantically as the possessor of a separate DP — eye —and syntactically as a dependent of the verb. Syntactic approaches to possessive dative constructions in such languages as Hebrew and German argue for a movement analysis in which the possessor starts out in the possessum DP before moving to a higher position. Semantic approaches to the same phenomenon in German and French, among other languages, analyze possessive dative constructions as instances of anaphoric binding; the dative undergoes first-merge outside the possessum DP and binds a variable in it. The present article documents and analyzes what appear to be instances of possessive dative constructions in Lebanese Arabic. I show that the possessive construal of the datives in these structures is not syntactically or semantically mediated, but rather pragmatically determined.
The Nixon China Shock, 1971

Over the summer of 1971 Richard Nixon announced two major departures in international policy which directly impacted Japan and its relations with the United States. The first was the announcement on 15 July 1971 that his National Security Adviser, Henry A. Kissinger, had been in Beijing for highly secret talks with Zhou En-Lai, the premier of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In the wake of these talks Nixon declared that he intended to visit Beijing for discussions aimed at reaching a Sino-American rapprochement. This was to have immense repercussions for Japan, both politically and diplomatically. It would also come as a great blow to Satō, in that he had consistently sought to closely coordinate his government’s foreign policy with that of the United States, particularly on the question of relations with China, but had received only a few minutes’ warning prior to Nixon’s announcement. Although Satō was ultimately able turn this setback to his advantage and begin the process of forging Japan’s own rapprochement with its neighbour, there is no doubt that it came as a severe and unnecessary blow from the Nixon administration. The second shock came exactly a month later, on 15 August 1971 (by unfortunate timing, the anniversary of Japan’s surrender in 1945), Nixon proclaimed a New Economic Policy, essentially a series of protectionist measures designed to shore up America’s faltering economy. Such a policy was to have serious implications for Japan’s economy.
Social Spatial Heterogeneity and System Entrainment in Modeling Human and Nature Dynamics

In the context of sustainable development, a complex adaptive systems framework can help address the coupling of macro social, environmental and economic constraints and opportunities with individual agency. Using a simple evolutionary game approach, we fuse endogenously derived socio-economic system dynamics from human and nature dynamics (HANDY) theory with Prisoner’s Dilemma, spatial intra-societal economic transactions. We explore the potential of spectral information from the social network adjacency matrices to predict synchronization dynamics and see how behavioral social spatial heterogeneity entrain with wealth, carrying capacity and population.
The Relative Importance of Stratiform and Convective Rainfall in Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones

AbstractUsing 16-yr Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations, rainfall properties in the inner-core region of tropical cyclones (TCs) and the relative importance of stratiform and convective precipitation are examined with respect to the evolution of rapid intensification (RI) events. The onset of RI follows a significant increase in the occurrence and azimuthal coverage of stratiform rainfall in all shear-relative quadrants, especially upshear left. The importance of the increased stratiform occurrence in RI storms is further confirmed by the comparison of two groups of slowly intensifying (SI) storms with one group that underwent RI and the other that did not. Statistically, SI storms that do not undergo RI during their life cycle have a much lower percent occurrence of stratiform rain within the inner core. The relatively greater areal coverage of stratiform rain in RI cases appears to be related to the moistening/humidification of the inner core, particularly in...
Elemental sulfur aerosol-forming mechanism

Elemental sulfur aerosols are ubiquitous in the atmospheres of Venus, ancient Earth, and Mars. There is now an evolving body of evidence suggesting that these aerosols have also played a role in the evolution of early life on Earth. However, the exact details of their formation mechanism remain an open question. The present theoretical calculations suggest a chemical mechanism that takes advantage of the interaction between sulfur oxides, SOn (n = 1, 2, 3) and hydrogen sulfide (nH2S), resulting in the efficient formation of a Sn+1 particle. Interestingly, the SOn + nH2S → Sn+1 + nH2O reactions occur via low-energy pathways under water or sulfuric acid catalysis. Once the Sn+1 particles are formed, they may further nucleate to form larger polysulfur aerosols, thus providing a chemical framework for understanding the formation mechanism of S0 aerosols in different environments.
The Moderating Effects of Antisocial Personality Disorder on the Relationship Between Serious Mental Illness and Types of Prison Infractions

Inmates with serious mental illness (SMI) or antisocial personality disorder (APD) average higher rates of disciplinary infractions than inmates without these conditions. This study builds upon the...
Latin Dē: A View From Cognitive Semantics

Latin dē , both in its prepositional and preverbal form, is characterized by multiple, varied, and seemingly unrelated senses. Unlike proposition-based lexicographical and historical linguistic accounts, an image-schematic definition systematically explains the range of its literal, physical senses and of its figurative, abstract senses, as well as the relations between them. Defining dē in terms of an image-schematic “scenario” portraying two entities connected by a directional trajectory in fact accommodates the co-existence of even antonymous senses within this word9s semantic structure and apparently radical divergences from its presumed essential literal meaning in Latin literature, due to the susceptibility of image schemas to “embodied” transformations such as perspective shifts and profiling effects. Dē 9s more abstract senses may also be linked in this way to widespread metaphorical patterns in Latin, showing that these senses are not haphazard but highly motivated semantically—with significant implications for lexicography, and literary and cultural history.
Hyper-Selectivity and the Remaking of Culture: Understanding the Asian American Achievement Paradox

Author(s): Zhou, M; Lee, J | Abstract: Asian Americans are frequently deployed as racial mascots by pundits who fixate on their extraordinary levels of educational attainment. They comprise only 5.5% of the U.S. population, yet about one fifth of the entering classes in Ivy League universities like Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Pundits have attributed these educational outcomes to cultural factors, underpinned by values or traits that are innately Asian. However, this cultural explanation fails to consider the pivotal role of U.S. immigration law which has ushered in a new stream of highly educated, highly skilled Asian immigrants. Based on a qualitative study of adult children of immigrants in metropolitan Los Angeles, we find that hyper-selectivity (as opposed to hypo-selectivity) of contemporary immigration significantly influences the educational trajectories and outcomes in the members of the 1.5 and second generation beyond individual family or parental socioeconomic characteristics, leading to group-based advantages (or disadvantages) that are consequential. Our analysis of qualitative data shows that the children of hyper-selected immigrant groups begin their quest to get ahead from more favorable starting points, are guided by a more constricting success frame, and have greater access to ethnic capital than those of other immigrant groups. In turn, hyper-selectivity gives rise to stereotype promise- the boost in performance that comes with being favorably perceived and treated as smart, high-achieving, hardworking, and deserving students - that benefits members of the group so stereotyped. Our analysis also suggests that, while the so-called positive stereotype enhances the academic performance of Asian American students, the same stereotype reproduces new stereotypes that hinder them as they pursue leadership positions in the workplace. We suggest that Asian American professionals face a bamboo ceiling - an invisible barrier that impedes their upward mobility much like the glass ceiling does for women.
Intermodel Spread of the Double-ITCZ Bias in coupled GCMs tied to Land Surface Temperature in AMIP GCMs

Global climate models (GCMs) have long suffered from biases of excessive tropical precipitation in the South Hemisphere (SH). The severity of the double Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bias, defined here as the interhemispheric difference in zonal-mean tropical precipitation, varies strongly among models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble. Models with a more severe double-ITCZ bias feature warmer tropical sea surface temperature (SST) in the SH, coupled with weaker southeast trades. While previous studies focus on coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions, here we show that the intermodel spread in the severity of the double-ITCZ bias is closely related to land surface temperature biases, which can be further traced back to those in the Atmosphere Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations. By perturbing land temperature in models, we demonstrate that cooler land can indeed lead to a more severe double-ITCZ bias by inducing the above coupled SST-trade wind pattern in the tropics. The response to land temperature can be consistently explained from both the dynamic and energetic perspectives. Although this intermodel spread from the land temperature variation does not account for the ensemble model mean double-ITCZ bias, identifying the land temperature effect provides insights into simulating a realistic ITCZ for the right reasons.
The Genetics of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. Severe fibrosis and cirrhosis are potential consequences of pediatric NAFLD and can occur within a few years of diagnosis. There are racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD and there is evidence that NAFLD tends to cluster in families. These observations suggest that genetics may be a strong modifying factor in the presentation, severity, and natural history of the disease. The most studied gene in children with NAFLD is PNPLA3. At present, data indicate that the I148M allele of PNPLA3 is associated with higher ALT in children with obesity. There is also evidence that PNPLA3 is associated with steatosis. Additional studies are warranted to determine the histologic severity of disease associated with this polymorphism. The TM6SF2 polymorphism may also be associated with hepatic steatosis in children. There is increasing interest in determining at risk populations based on genetics in the hope of finding genotypes that correlate to NAFLD phenotype. Future studies of the genetics of pediatric NAFLD should evaluate multiple genes in a diverse patient population with histologic NAFLD to determine if certain genotypes have higher risk for disease progression. Ultimately, the hope is to be able to tailor therapeutics to genetic predispositions and decrease disease morbidity in children with NAFLD.
Genome sequences of Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1602 and Micractinium conductrix SAG 241.80: implications to maltose excretion by a green alga.

Green algae represent a key segment of the global species capable of photoautotrophic-driven biological carbon fixation. Algae partition fixed-carbon into chemical compounds required for biomass, while diverting excess carbon into internal storage compounds such as starch and lipids or, in certain cases, into targeted extracellular compounds. Two green algae were selected to probe for critical components associated with sugar production and release in a model alga. Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1602 - which does not release significant quantities of sugars to the extracellular space - was selected as a control to compare with the maltose-releasing Micractinium conductrix SAG 241.80 - which was originally isolated from an endosymbiotic association with the ciliate Paramecium bursaria. Both strains were subjected to three sequencing approaches to assemble their genomes and annotate their genes. This analysis was further complemented with transcriptional studies during maltose release by M. conductrix SAG 241.80 versus conditions where sugar release is minimal. The annotation revealed that both strains contain homologs for the key components of a putative pathway leading to cytosolic maltose accumulation, while transcriptional studies found few changes in mRNA levels for the genes associated with these established intracellular sugar pathways. A further analysis of potential sugar transporters found multiple homologs for SWEETs and tonoplast sugar transporters. The analysis of transcriptional differences revealed a lesser and more measured global response for M. conductrix SAG 241.80 versus C. sorokiniana UTEX 1602 during conditions resulting in sugar release, providing a catalog of genes that might play a role in extracellular sugar transport.
Robust Global Almost Sure Synchronization on a Circle via Stochastic Hybrid Control

This chapter describes some recent advances in modeling and stability analysis for stochastic hybrid systems from the viewpoint of applications to cyber-physical systems. As an illustration, it discusses synthesizing an algorithm for robust, global, almost sure synchronization of a large number of agents evolving on a circle under all-to-all communication. The robustness includes achieving near synchronization even in the presence of adversarial perturbations. This behavior is not something that is achieved via non-stochastic, non-hybrid almost global synchronization algorithms.
Cooperative and Collaborative Regionalism

This chapter covers cooperative and collaborative regionalism. As discussed in Chap. 1, this type of regionalism maintains the basic government structure that already exists in the region. Policy and service issues of a regional nature are handled on an ad hoc basis through cooperation among local governments and collaboration with interested nongovernmental actors. This type of regionalism is the general model in the USA since most efforts to consolidate governments or establish an over-arching tier were unsuccessful. Since regional policy and service issues were becoming more urgent, this approach was advocated and applied as a way to address regional issues. There was also interest in collaborative regionalism among practitioners and social scientists. Dodge (1996) and Barnes and Ledebur (1998) argued that continuing to debate the merits of whether a centralized or decentralized system of government was superior and sorting out the roles of governments in regions was counterproductive to achieving effective regionalism. They argued that reorienting the debate away from whether centralization or decentralization is in the public’s best interest to one of focusing the debate on solving substantive regional issues opens up new ways of addressing regionalism and developing solutions. The focus then shifts to governance instead of government and policy instead of structural arrangements. It encourages a sharing of roles and a more inclusive and open regional policy process. They argued that questions surrounding structure were not as important as addressing regional policy issues. This new approach recognized that the debate over whether a centralized or decentralized system was in the public’s best interest was un-winnable. This was a more inclusive, pragmatic approach that asked the question: Given the regional policy issues and the polycentric local government system, what can be done to effectively address regional governance issues?
Scalable remote homology detection and fold recognition in massive protein networks

The global connectivities in very large protein similarity networks contain traces of evolution among the proteins for detecting protein remote evolutionary relations or structural similarities. To investigate how well a protein network captures the evolutionary information, a key limitation is the intensive computation of pairwise sequence similarities needed to construct very large protein networks. In this article, we introduce label propagation on low-rank kernel approximation (LP-LOKA) for searching massively large protein networks. LP-LOKA propagates initial protein similarities in a low-rank graph by Nystrom approximation without computing all pairwise similarities. With scalable parallel implementations based on distributed-memory using message-passing interface and Apache-Hadoop/Spark on cloud, LP-LOKA can search protein networks with one million proteins or more. In the experiments on Swiss-Prot/ADDA/CASP data, LP-LOKA significantly improved protein ranking over the widely used HMM-HMM or profile-sequence alignment methods utilizing large protein networks. It was observed that the larger the protein similarity network, the better the performance, especially on relatively small protein superfamilies and folds. The results suggest that computing massively large protein network is necessary to meet the growing need of annotating proteins from newly sequenced species and LP-LOKA is both scalable and accurate for searching massively large protein networks.
Some Insurgents Like it Hot: Global Evidence of a Temperature-Conflict Relationship

An empirical relationship between higher temperatures and substate violence has been demonstrated in a number of studies. Scholars have extrapolated to make predictions about the security implications of climate change. This literature rests on the untested assumption that the mechanism behind the temperature-conflict link is the disruption of agricultural production. Using a subnational-level dataset, this paper demonstrates that the relationship: (1) obtains globally, (2) exists at the substate level -- provinces that experience positive temperature deviations see increased conflict; and (3) occurs even in regions without significant agricultural production. Diminished farm output resulting from elevated temperatures is unlikely to account for the entire increase in substate violence. In addition to macroeconomic mechanisms operating at the yearly level, the findings encourage future research to identify additional mechanisms including the possibility that a substantial portion of the variation is brought about by the well-documented direct effects of individuals' propensity for violence.
Medical devices and the pediatric population – a head-to-toe approach

Introduction: This review uses a head-to-toe approach, a standardized approach similar to the format used by clinicians during the physical examination, to highlight important differences between children, adolescents and adults. The assessment of a pediatric patient is significantly different from an adult and the heterogeneity of the pediatric population requires knowledge of the inter- and intra-subpopulation differences in growth and development for all organ systems. Areas covered: A search of the English medical literature (PubMed and EMBASE) resulted in identification and review of articles that reported medical device use in the pediatric population based on specific organ systems. The review highlights unique considerations for the pediatric population with respect to growth and development as well as important physiologic and maturational differences between children and adults pertaining to the use of medical devices. Expert opinion: Children have unique medical device needs; adult devices are often adapted or configured to address these unmet needs. It is important that clinicians, and those who manufacture and design medical devices for the pediatric population, have a heightened awareness of the varied pediatric subpopulations (neonates to adolescents) with respect to growth and development, and the adjustments needed to ensure safe and effective use of devices for their unique needs.
Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumors: A Review and Update

Perhaps the rarest cause of osteomalacia is that caused by a neoplasm, so-called "tumor-induced osteomalacia" (TIO). Although very rare cases of TIO have been associated with carcinomas and syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type-1 and McCune-Albright syndrome, the overwhelming majority of TIO is caused by tumors of mesenchymal origin. Although it was historically felt that almost any mesenchymal tumor type could occasionally result in TIO, it has become increasingly clear over the past several decades that almost all cases of mesenchymal tumor-associated TIO are caused by a single entity, known as "phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor" (PMT). This article will review historical aspects of this tumor, as well as its clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic features. The distinction of PMT from its many potential morphological mimics is discussed in detail.
Effects of Acupuncture versus Non-Acupuncture Treatment on Pain

This study examines the impact of acupuncture treatment in comparison to non-acupuncture treatment on multiple facets of pain. All studies included met inclusion criteria in which patients were to have experienced some sort of pain before treatment. After being informed of the procedure, each study’s participants were assigned to a control group or a treatment group in order to test the true effect on pain. After gathering data from each of the studies, it was necessary to standardize the data for comparison. It was found that the overall effect of acupuncture reduced pain in the participants. However, Hegu acupuncture compared to other types of treatment seemed to have the greatest reducing effect in pain.
Numerical Simulation of Distributed Electromagnetic and Plasma Wave Effect Devices

In this chapter, authors explore time-efficient computational tools geared toward modeling of semiconductor devices at terahertz frequencies. At these frequencies, the time-scale of electron interactions (such as collisions and relaxations) is larger than the time-scale of applied signal’s oscillation cycle, and therefore device response could be slower than the change in applied bias/fields. For such scenarios, electronic motion should be consistently solved with the electrodynamic field calculations, as devices’ response from prior cycle may affect the next cycle. We adopt a “global-full-wave” approach that considers 1D hydrodynamic equations for the electronic modeling and 2D Maxwell’s equation solution for the modeling of terahertz device operation. Specifically, we use finite difference time domain-based scheme for numerically solving the Maxwell’s equations, which are then integrated with upwind-type numerical solution of hydrodynamic equations, via coupling of current and field terms in the solution time steps. In order to increase the efficiency of the solution, approaches using unconditionally stable FDTD methods, such as alternating directional implicit (ADI) FDTD method and iterative ADI FDTD method, are also investigated. The time and accuracy performances of these algorithms are benchmarked against the traditional FDTD (Yee’s staggered grid)-based algorithms.
Beneath the Sleepless Tossing of the Planets: Selected Poems of Makoto Ōoka

Book review of Beneath the Sleepless Tossing of the Planets: Selected Poems ofMakoto Ōoka.
A Case of Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy, Uveitis, and Optic Neuritis Associated With Pembrolizumab, Managed With Topical, Intravitreal, and Intravenous Steroids:

Purpose:We report a case of advanced metastatic cutaneous melanoma with melanoma-associated retinopathy and pembrolizumab-related panuveitis and optic neuritis.Methods:The patient’s condition was m...
Public health and integrated primary care

Abstract It is often noted that the prevention of mental and physical disorders and promotion of mental and physical health need to be higher priorities in American health care. This is particularly evident when using a biopsychosocial perspective on health and health care. These topics often receive limited emphasis, however, in traditional health service psychology education. Basic concepts for understanding behavioral health prevention and integrated primary care are reviewed along with research on the effectiveness of preventive interventions. These topics are critical if health service psychology is to play a larger role in health care and population health.
Systematic Synthesis and Design of Ultralow Threshold 2:1 Parametric Frequency Dividers

A new method is discussed for the systematic synthesis, design, and performance optimization of single-ended varactor-based 2:1 parametric frequency dividers (PFDs) exhibiting an ultralow-power threshold ( ${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ ). For the first time, it is analytically shown that the ${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ -value exhibited by any PFD can be expressed as an explicit closed-form function of the different impedances forming its network. Such a unique and unexplored property permits reliance on linear models, during PFD design and performance optimization. The validity of our analytical model has been verified, in a commercial circuit simulator, through the time- and frequency-domain algorithms. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our new synthesis approach, we also report on a lumped prototype of a 200:100 MHz PFD, realized on a printed circuit board (PCB). Although inductors with quality factors lower than 50 were used, the PFD prototype exhibits a ${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ -value lower than −15 dBm. Such a ${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ -value is the lowest one ever reported for passive varactor-based PFDs operating in the same frequency range.
Target protein deglycosylation in living cells by a nanobody-fused split O-GlcNAcase.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an essential and dynamic post-translational modification that is presented on thousands of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Interrogating the role of O-GlcNAc on a single target protein is crucial, yet challenging to perform in cells. Herein, we developed a nanobody-fused split O-GlcNAcase (OGA) as an O-GlcNAc eraser for selective deglycosylation of a target protein in cells. After systematic cellular optimization, we identified a split OGA with reduced inherent deglycosidase activity that selectively removed O-GlcNAc from the desired target protein when directed by a nanobody. We demonstrate the generality of the nanobody-fused split OGA using four nanobodies against five target proteins and use the system to study the impact of O-GlcNAc on the transcription factors c-Jun and c-Fos. The nanobody-directed O-GlcNAc eraser provides a new strategy for the functional evaluation and engineering of O-GlcNAc via the selective removal of O-GlcNAc from individual proteins directly in cells. Fusion of a split form of the protein O-GlcNAcase with nanobodies enables the targeted removal of O-GlcNAc protein modifications, providing a tool for probing the functional roles of specific O-GlcNAc modifications in a cellular context.
Low temperature open-air plasma deposition of amorphous tin oxide for perovskite solar cells

Abstract A low-temperature, open-air plasma process to deposit amorphous SnOx thin films as an electron-transport layer in a planar-heterojunction n−i−p perovskite solar cell is reported. Open-air plasma processing is a scalable, low capital expenditure technique capable of manufacturing-scale production without enclosures or vacuum pumps. The technique provides flexibility to tune SnOx film composition and properties by adjusting several easily accessible processing parameters. In this study, we demonstrate large area SnOx thin film deposition on substrates up to 100 cm2. The SnOx films are deposited using monobutyltin trichloride as the chemical precursor and formed without any post-annealing, which has the potential for lowering costs as an in-line process. The film exhibits low surface roughness, excellent optical transmission of greater than 90 % across the visible regime, and low electrical resistivity of 13.3 Ω*m, which is multiple orders of magnitude lower than previously reported values of amorphous SnO2 thin films. The film is then incorporated into a planar perovskite solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 11.8 %. These factors suggest that open-air plasma-deposited SnOx thin films can potentially be compatible with low-cost and large-scale fabrication of organohalide lead perovskite solar cells and modules.
A systematic review of automatic text summarization for biomedical literature and EHRs.

OBJECTIVE Biomedical text summarization helps biomedical information seekers avoid information overload by reducing the length of a document while preserving the contents' essence. Our systematic review investigates the most recent biomedical text summarization researches on biomedical literature and electronic health records by analyzing their techniques, areas of application, and evaluation methods. We identify gaps and propose potential directions for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review followed the PRISMA methodology and replicated the approaches adopted by the previous systematic review published on the same topic. We searched 4 databases (PubMed, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) from January 1, 2013 to April 8, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened title, abstract, and full-text for all retrieved articles. The conflicts were resolved by the third reviewer. The data extraction of the included articles was in 5 dimensions: input, purpose, output, method, and evaluation. RESULTS Fifty-eight out of 7235 retrieved articles met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-nine systems used single-document biomedical research literature as their input, 17 systems were explicitly designed for clinical support, 47 systems generated extractive summaries, and 53 systems adopted hybrid methods combining computational linguistics, machine learning, and statistical approaches. As for the assessment, 51 studies conducted an intrinsic evaluation using predefined metrics. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study found that current biomedical text summarization systems have achieved good performance using hybrid methods. Studies on electronic health records summarization have been increasing compared to a previous survey. However, the majority of the works still focus on summarizing literature.
Lessons from Quality Shareholders on Corporate Governance Practice, Research and Scholarship

Special Note: This Publication is part of The Quality Shareholder Initiative at the Center for Law, Economics and Finance (C-LEAF), at The George Washington University Law School, Prof. Lawrence A. Cunningham, Faculty Director. This Article presents original data and analysis addressing an understudied force in corporate America: the most patient and focused shareholders. Great attention has been devoted to short-term trading on the one hand and diversified index funds on the other, but scant attention has been focused on long-term concentrated investors. The George Washington University has been redressing this problem through a research initiative focused on such buy-and-hold stock pickers, whom Warren Buffett long ago dubbed 'quality shareholders'. GW’s Quality Shareholders Initiative ('QSI') is pleased to present highlights of the initial installment of this work in this Article in the Business and Finance Law Review at the George Washington University’s Center for Law, Economics, and Finance.
DISCUSSION OF BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATIONS ON SAND

THE AUTHORS HAVE PRESENTED A VERY INTERESTING APPROACH TO THE SUBJECT OF THE ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF STRIP FOOTINGS ON COHESIONLESS MATERIALS BY CONSIDERING THE ANGLE OF FRICTION BETWEEN THE FOOTING BASE AND THE UNDERLYING MATERIAL AND AN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE, OBTAINING A SOLUTION FOR THE MINIMUM VALUE OF TWO N COEFFICIENTS (GAMMA AND GAMMA Q). FROM THE CURVES GIVEN IN THE PAPER IT IS EVIDENT THAT THE RESULTS COMPARE FAVORABLY WITH ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF OTHER AUTHORS WHILE THE METHOD HAS THEORETICAL ADVANTAGES IN DEVELOPING THE BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS. COMPARISON OF THE AUTHORS' RESULTS WITH EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS PROVIDED BY OTHERS IS ALSO FAVORABLE. /DISCUSSER/
Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin and Inhibitors on Tryptophan Oxygenase Induction in Mouse Liver Slices

Tryptophan oxygenase activity in mouse liver slices maintained in cluture medium, in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution, or in homologous whole blood declined within 3 hr to about one-half the original level. Actinomycin D and puromycin accelerated the rate of decline, but endotoxin did not. Direct addition of tryptophan to the medium resulted in a higher than normal tryptophan oxygenase activity within 1 hr, and this was maintained well above that of control liver slices up to 6 hr. Triamcinolone, at a dose that doubles tryptophan oxygenase activity in vivo, had no effect on the enzyme in liver slices. Actinomycin and endotoxin did not alter the substrate induction of tryptophan oxygenase; however, puromycin did, but to a limited extent. Liver slices prepared from mice 4 hr after an injection of cortisone had a greater tryptophan oxygenase activity than those of controls. Either endotoxin or actinomycin D resulted in a more rapid decline of the enzyme when added to the slices than was observed in the controls.
Light trails: a sub-wavelength solution for optical networking

All-optical networks are able to transport data from source to destination entirely in the optical domain. This is a departure from current optical networks that rely on optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversion at each intermediate connection node to route data properly. The opacity inherent in traditional networks is costly in terms of limiting bandwidth and increasing switching complexity. MPLS, OBS and OPS have been proposed as solutions for realizing an all-optical network. MPLS and OBS have the advantages of creating all-optical connections between nodes, but do not allow intermediate nodes to use the wavelength as well. Additionally, optical switches are constantly being reconfigured to accommodate new connections. OPS can make switching decisions in the optical domain, but the technology is immature. Light trail technology tries to avoid the pitfalls of immature technology, the inability of intermediate nodes to use a connection wavelength, and the constant reconfiguration of switches. A light trail is a unidirectional optical bus between nodes that allows intermediate nodes to access the bus. The goal is to minimize the amount of active switching that needs to be done by allowing intermediate nodes to use a connection that has already been setup. Connections are not constantly being setup and torn down, but rather exist for as long as they are being used by any of the nodes along their light trail.
Emotions, Sociology of

The prominent theoretically driven research traditions in the sociology of emotions are reviewed, and statements are made on some of the enduring conceptual issues in the field of inquiry. The study of emotions emerged rather late in sociology during the 1970s: this late arrival was the result of a relative lack of attention to conceptualizing emotions during sociology's first 110 years. However, once the sociology of emotions was recognized, work in this area continued to accelerate; and today, the study of emotions is leading edge in many fields of sociological inquiry. More specifically, symbolic interactionist, dramaturgical, interaction ritual, power and status, macrolevel stratification, exchange, and evolutionary approaches to conceptualizing emotional dynamics are reviewed. Among the enduring issues briefly explored are the problems in defining emotions, the debate over a social constructionist versus a biological basis of emotions, the debate over the place of cognitions in emotional arousal, the conceptualization variants and varieties of emotional states, and emotions versus rationality. Keywords: anger; emotion; fear; guilt; sadness; shame; theory
A general approach for robustification of ICA algorithms

This paper presents a general and robust approach to mitigating impact of outliers in independent component analysis applications. The approach detects and removes outlier samples from the dataset and has minimal impact on the overall performance when the dataset is free of outliers. It also has minimal computational burdens, is simply parameterized, and readily implemented. Significant gains in performance is shown for algorithms when outliers are present.
Basolateral expression of a chimeric protein in which the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein have been replaced by those of the influenza virus hemagglutinin.

Two integral membrane proteins, influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, are transported to and accumulated on the apical and basolateral surfaces, respectively, of the plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells. We have used chimeric constructions to identify the domains of HA and G proteins which contain the signals for polarized transport. Previously, we have shown that a chimeric protein containing the cleavable leader and the ectodomain of HA fused to the anchoring and cytoplasmic domains of G is transported to the apical surface of polarized MDCK cells (McQueen, N.L., Nayak, D.P., Stephens, E.B., and Compans, R.W. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 9318-9322). In this report we show that a chimera containing the cleavable leader and ectodomain of G fused to the anchoring and cytoplasmic domains of HA is transported to the basolateral surface of polarized cells. Another chimera which contains the leader sequence of G fused to leader minus HA is transported to the apical surface of polarized cells. These results taken together suggest that the signals for the polarized transport of HA and G proteins may reside in their ectodomains.
Detection and optimization of functional computations in Prolog

While the ability to simulate nondeterminism and return multiple outputs for a single input is a powerful and attractive feature of Prolog, it is expensive both in time and space. Since Prolog programs are very often functional, i.e. do not produce more than one distinct output for a single input, this overhead is especially undesirable. This paper describes how a program may be analyzed statically to determine which literals and predicates are functional, and how the program may then be optimized using this information. Our notion of “functionality” subsumes the notion of “determinacy” that has been considered by various researchers. Our algorithms are less reliant on features such as cut, and thus extend more easily to parallel execution strategies than others that have been proposed.
Marketing and Feminism

This article summarizes the research on feminism conducted by marketing scholars over the past two decades. Early work focused upon the use of feminist theory to understand marketing phenomena and feminist readings of marketing communications. Later work has broadened the perspective to include the global economic and social position of women, ecology, and social justice. Keywords: gender; environmentalism; economic progress; women's health care