cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Home-based multisystemic therapy as an alternative to the hospitalization of youths in psychiatric crisis: clinical outcomes.

ABSTRACT Objective The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether multisystemic therapy (MST), modified for use with youths presenting psychiatric emergencies, can serve as a clinically viable alternative to inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Method One hundred sixteen children and adolescents approved for emergency psychiatric hospitalization were randomly assigned to home-based MST or inpatient hospitalization. Assessments examining symptomatology antisocial behavior, self-esteem, family relations, peer relations, school attendance, and consumer satisfaction were conducted at 3 times: within 24 hours of recruitment into the project shortly after the hospitalized youth was released from the hospital (1–2 weeks after recruitment), and at the completion of MST home-based services (average of 4 months postrecruitment). Results MST was more effective than emergency hospitalization at decreasing youths' externalizing symptoms and improving their family functioning and school attendance. Hospitalization was more effective than MST at improving youths' self-esteem. Consumer satisfaction scores were higher in the MST condition. Conclusions The findings support the view that an intensive, well-specified, and empirically supported treatment model, with judicious access to placement, can effectively serve as a family-and community-based alternative to the emergency psychiatric hospitalization of children and adolescents.
Safety and licensing for small and medium power reactors

Proposed new concepts for small and medium power reactors differ substantially from traditional Light Water Reactors (LWRs). Although designers have a large base of experience in safety and licensing, much of it is not relevant to new concepts. It can be a disadvantage if regulators apply LWR rules directly. A fresh start is appropriate. The extensive interactions between industry, regulators, and the public complicates but may enhance safety. It is basic to recognize the features that distinguish nuclear energy safety from that for other industries. These features include: nuclear reactivity, fission product radiation, and radioactive decay heat. Small and medium power reactors offer potential advantages over LWRs, particularly for reactivity and decay heat.
Job satisfaction and the fit between individual needs and organizational rewards

Many conceptualizations of job satisfaction view job satisfaction as a function of the match between the rewards offered by the work environment and the individual's pattern of needs for those rewards. However, the correlation between the need/reward match and job satisfaction typically is not very high, resulting in a considerable number of ‘ off-quadrant ’ cases (i.e. dissatisfied people whose expressed needs are met by the work situation and vice versa). The purpose of this study was to determine if people who have higher or lower job satisfaction than their need/reward match would predict view their careers differently from those whose job satisfaction can be predicted. Subjects were 185 volunteers employed by research and development units of two multinational corporations. They were classified into quadrants using measures of job satisfaction, need importance, and reward availability developed as part of the Minnesota Work Adjustment Project. Information about vocational and career issues was collected by a half-hour open-ended interview. Results indicate that individual differences in aspiration level and different views of career progression help explain current job satisfaction over and above the match of needs and rewards.
Adherence with colorectal cancer screening guidelines: a review.

Objective. To review screening rates and factors impacting patient utilization of colorectal cancer screening tests. Methods. We searched Medline, CancerLit, and PsycInfo for articles on colorectal cancer screening adherence. US studies on average-risk individuals were reviewed to identify: (1) utilization/adherence rates, (2) predictors of patient adherence, (3) correlation between long-term adherence and type of test selected, (4) predictors of physician recommendation of screening tests, and (5) patterns in the type of test recommended by physicians. Results. In 2000, only 34% of the US population obtained screening within recommended time frames (fecal occult blood test annually, flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, or colonoscopy every 10 years). Positive attitude toward screening and physician recommendation result in high adherence while fear of finding cancer and the belief that cancer is fatal result in low adherence. Physician specialty impacts the type of test recommended, while perceived lack of patient adherence is not a consistent barrier to recommending screening tests. Matching individuals with their choice of screening test and newer technology, such as virtual colonoscopy, may help increase adherence. Conclusion. Additional studies are required on differences in adherence between tests, whether patient preferences impact adherence, and how the physician–patient relationship can be fostered to increase adherence.
Spatiotemporal bright soliton Y junctions in nonlinear planar waveguides

The splitting and steering of ultrashort pulses propagating through a Kerr medium are investigated. This investigation extends earlier ones of cw spatial soliton Y junctions into the area of subpicosecond solitonlike pulse propagation. Besides that of the all-optical steering process, the influence of normal group-velocity dispersion and two-photon absorption is discussed. It is found that both processes modify the transmission characteristics of the system (i.e., output versus input beam intensity) in a similar way. However, two-photon absorption inhibits the steering property of Y junctions, whereas normal group-velocity dispersion enhances it. A model based on an adiabatic propagation approximation is used to explain this behavior qualitatively.
Marketing to Maximize Profitability

If marketing stays focused on its traditional charter of building revenues, it may not survive for long as a core management function.
Development of monoclonal antibodies for the fusarin mycotoxins

The fusarins are a group of mycotoxins produced by fungi that commonly infest cereal crops, in particular by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides. This group of compounds is characterized by a substituted 2-pyrrolidone ring attached to a 12-carbon polyunsaturated backbone. Several of the fusarins contain an epoxide substitution on the pyrrolidone ring and are highly mutagenic. This paper describes the development of seven monoclonal antibodies and immunoassays for detecting fusarins C and A. Fusarin C was isolated and conjugated to ovalbumin to produce the immunogen. Competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (CI-ELISAs) were developed based upon the isolated monoclonal antibodies. The concentrations of fusarin C able to inhibit colour development by 50% (IC(50)) in CI-ELISAs were 1.0, 2.0, 3.6, 23.4, 28.9, 31.4, and 66.7 ng ml(-1) for clones 1-38, 1-30, 1-5, 1-7, 1-43, 1-25, and 1-21, respectively. Cross-reactivity with fusarin A was 44.8, 51.4, 41.1, 174.0, 62.6, 78.2, and 98.0% for clones 1-38, 1-30, 1-5, 1-7, 1-43, 1-25, and 1-21, respectively. Given the sensitivity of these antibodies for fusarins it is expected that, with further development, they may be useful for detecting fusarins at relevant levels in foods.
The accomplishment of plans: a new version of the principle of double effect

The classical principle of double effect offers permissibility conditions for actions foreseen to lead to evil outcomes. I shall argue that certain kinds of closeness cases, as well as general heuristic considerations about the order of explanation, lead us to replace the intensional concept of intention with the extensional concept of accomplishment in double effect.
Computer analysis of A-C aircraft generators

ACCURATE electrical performance data obtained quickly and early in the preliminary design stages are necessary for aircraft generator design. The nature of the business is such that relatively few machines are designed in a given time, but each must meet a quantity of difficult specification requirements. These engineering requirements provide a natural application of the stored-program digital computer. A performance analysis program was needed which would accurately, and quickly, provide complete data on conventional a-c aircraft generators, as dictated by system requirements. Such a basic program was defined in October 1956, work started in November, flow diagram completed in January, and the program was debugged and running in March 1957. Since that time all generator designs have had a program run. These runs provide complete and accurate information for the designers and users of the machines. All new designs obtain the benefits of such early and detailed data.
Zeolite beta mechanisms of nucleation and growth

Abstract Zeolite beta has been prepared in dilute (H2O/SiO2 = 80) and concentrated (H2O/SiO2 = 20) conditions. The rates of zeolite beta nucleation and growth in dilute colloidal solutions have been characterized using dynamic light scattering and small angle X-ray scattering. By blending TEA+ and Na+ in dilute solutions at low Al concentration (Si/Al = 50) it has been determined that the presence of Na+ decreases the nucleation rate and increases the growth rate (i.e., decreases the colloidal stability of the precursor nanoparticles) because Na+ competes with TEA+ for surface adsorption sites and occlusion into the precursor particles. Using more concentrated synthesis solutions the role of ion pairs (e.g., [[ SiO]− TEA+], [[AlO2]− TEA+], and [[AlO2]− Na+]) in the precursor particles and the zeolite beta product was investigated in detail. Thermal gravimetric analyses have helped determine relation between synthesis conditions and the ion pairs formed in the zeolite beta product. On the basis of the energies associated with these ion pairs a state diagram of zeolite beta including surface structure and phase selectivity has been developed. The relative rates of zeolite beta nucleation and growth have also been investigated at several ratios of TEA+ to Na+ in concentrated solutions. The synergy between these cations and anionic surface adsorption sites has led to synthesis of nearly monodisperse zeolite beta crystal particles having sizes from about 100 to 500 nm.
Analytical Performance of a Miniature Cylindrical Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer

The analytical performance of a fieldable cylindrical ion trap (CIT)-based miniature mass spectrometer is described. A detailed description of the instrument itself is to be found in the immediately preceding paper (Patterson, G. E.; Guymon, A. J.; Riter, L. S.; Everly, M.; Griep-Raming, J.; Laughlin, B. C.; Ouyang, Z.; Cooks, R. G., Miniature Cylindrical Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer, Anal. Chem. 2002, 24, 6145−6153). Applications employing the MS/MS and MSn capabilities of the miniature instrument and analytical performance criteria are given here. The limit of detection for methyl salicylate, introduced as the pure vapor, is estimated as 1 pg. The resolution, R = m/Δm, where Δm, measured as full width at half-maximum, is estimated as 100. Monitoring of organic compounds in air is performed using a permeation membrane introduction device coupled to the mass spectrometer. Water monitoring is performed using an external membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) system, with acetophenone and toluene serv...
Sway Reduction on Container Cranes Using Delayed Feedback Controller: Simulations and Experiments

Traditionally, container cranes are modeled as a simple pendulum with a lumped mass at the end of a cable. In the case of large container cranes, the actual configuration of the hoisting mechanism is significantly different; it consists typically of a set of four hoisting cables. These cables are hoisted from four different points on the trolley and are attached on the load side to four points on a spreader bar used to lift containers. The dynamics of the actual hoisting assembly of a container crane is different from that of a simple pendulum. A controller design based on the actual model will more likely result in a response superior to those based on simple models. In this work, a nonlinear mathematical model of the actual container crane is developed. A delayed position-feedback controller is designed. Performance of the controller is simulated on a 1/10 scale model of a 65-ton container crane using the full nonlinear model. Simulation results are verified experimentally on a 1/10 scale model of the same container crane.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Rasmussen syndrome and long-term response to gamma globulin

Rasmussen syndrome (RS) is a severe and progressive focal epilepsy of unknown etiology that leads to deterioration of motor and cognitive function. We report a 14-year-old girl who developed epilepsia partialis continua involving the left hand, mild hemiparesis, and secondarily generalized seizures. RS was confirmed by brain biopsy. The patient has been treated with intravenous gamma globulin every 4 months for 46 months. The clinical course throughout this time has been distinctly atypical for RS, with no progression in motor or cognitive deficits and rare secondarily generalized seizures. Although the mechanism for action for gamma globulin in RS is not known, an immunomodulatory role has been postulated. Evidence of an immunologically mediated process in RS and clinical experience with a growing number of patients who benefit from immunomodulatory therapy suggest that a systematic study of the efficacy of gamma globulin in comparison with other forms of medical therapy is warranted.
Sandow the Magnificent: Eugen Sandow and the Beginnings of Bodybuilding

Before Arnold Schwarzenegger, Steve Reeves, or Charles Atlas, there was Eugen Sandow, a muscular vaudeville strongman who used his good looks, intelligence, and business savvy to forge a fitness empire. The German-born Sandow (1867-1925) established a worldwide string of gyms, published a popular magazine, sold exercise equipment, and pioneered the use of food supplements. He even marketed a patented health corset for his female followers. Among the colorful figures who played a part in Sandow's life are Bernarr Macfadden, Florenz Ziegfeld, Lillian Russell, and others in sports and the theater. Sandow the Magnificent is the story of this first showman to emphasize physique display rather than lifting prowess. Sandow's is also the story of the earliest days of the fitness movement, and Chapman explains the popularity of physical culture in terms of its wider social implications. Sandow was a proponent of exercise to alleviate physical ailments, anticipating the field of physical therapy. By making exercise fashionable, he encouraged the fitness craze that still endures. As the first superstar in his field, Sandow also pried open some surprising cracks in the Victorian wall of prudery. His nude photographs, a kind of soft-core pornography, were anxiously sought by both male and female admirers, and after many of his major public events he gave private "receptions" wearing little more than a G-string.
Localized analysis of satellite tracking data for studying time‐variable Earth's gravity fields

[1] We present a method to analyze the observations of relative distance change between two low Earth orbiting satellites of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission after removing the effects caused by the mean gravity field and better-known temporal mass redistribution. The gravitational acceleration exerted by the block mean mass within a region on the Earth surface is formulated by point mass approximation and by spherical harmonic expansion. In addition to the regional mass parameters, the arc-dependent parameters (initial relative state vectors) is simultaneously modeled to remove the signals not associated with the mass variation within the focus area. While a certain level of approximation, that is committed when locally formulating the gravitational acceleration vector for numerical integration, causes model error, we benefit from regionally estimating time-variable mass with improved spatial and temporal resolutions. In addition, various temporal parameterizations depending on geographical areas and expected signals can be applied for the regional analysis in a straightforward manner and it helps to retrieve even sub-daily time-variable signals such as tides from many years of GRACE data. We present the results of hydrology and ocean tide recovery in South America, Africa, North America, and Antarctica from the analysis of 3.5 years of GRACE tracking data and compare them with the traditional global harmonic approach. The algorithm development thoroughly described here will be helpful for the science community to exploit fundamental data (range rate) of the GRACE mission in addition to monthly gravity products.
Trees and Us: Poetic Metaphors and Pastoral Images

This article elaborates on my earlier contention that poetry and pastoral care have a great deal in common (Capps, The Poet’s Gift, 1993) by focusing on Joyce Kilmer’s well-known poem “Trees.” I use this poem to support the metaphorical association of trees and human beings and to advocate for the pastoral image of the upholder. A brief sketch of Kilmer’s life is presented, and parodies of the poem are used to address the question whether pens are mightier than swords (a question that Kilmer’s own life as a poet and soldier also evokes). The article concludes with Denise Levertov’s poem “From Below” which, together with Kilmer’s “Trees,” illumines the image of the pastor as ordained to be the upholder of the community and of the individuals who comprise it.
Movement of embryonic chick sympathetic neurons on laminin in vitro is preceded by neurite extension.

Chick sympathetic neurons (E-9) are capable of moving on a laminin substrate but not on more adhesive substrates in vitro. The effect of laminin is dose-dependent and reduced by the addition of anti-laminin antibodies, whereas soluble laminin does not stimulate movement. The onset of neuronal movement is preceded by, and highly correlated with, the onset of neurite formation. The addition of 1,2 dioctanoyl-snglycerol (DAG), a stimulator or protein kinase C that has been shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth, was found to delay both process formation and neuronal movement but did not affect the correlation between these two measures. These results support the conclusion that laminin stimulates primary neuronal movement in vitro and suggest that the mechanism underlying movement involves process formation followed by “towing” of the cell body by the advancing process. The similarities of this in vitro behavior to that observed in vivo suggest that similar mechanisms may underlie neuronal movement in the developing nervous system as suggested by Morest (Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch 130:265–305, 1970) and Liesi (EMBO J 4:1163–1170, 1985; Exp Neurol 117:103–113, 1992). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase in complex with thioredoxin: a structural snapshot in the catalytic cycle.

The crystal structure of Escherichia coli 3‘-phosphoadenosine-5‘-phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase in complex with E. coli thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) has been determined to 3.0 A resolution. The two proteins are covalently linked via a mixed disulfide that forms during nucleophilic attack of Trx's N-terminal cysteine on the Sγ atom of the PAPS reductase S-sulfocysteine (E-Cys-Sγ-SO_3^-), a central intermediate in the catalytic cycle. For the first time in a crystal structure, residues 235−244 in the PAPS reductase C-terminus are observed, depicting an array of interprotein salt bridges between Trx and the strictly conserved glutathione-like sequence, Glu^(238)Cys^(239)Gly^(240)Leu^(241)His^(242). The structure also reveals a Trx-binding surface adjacent to the active site cleft and regions of PAPS reductase associated with conformational change. Interaction at this site strategically positions Trx to bind the S-sulfated C-terminus and addresses the mechanism for requisite structural rearrangement of this domain. An apparent sulfite-binding pocket at the protein−protein interface explicitly orients the S-sulfocysteine Sγ atom for nucleophilic attack in a subsequent step. Taken together, the structure of PAPS reductase in complex with Trx highlights the large structural rearrangement required to accomplish sulfonucleotide reduction and suggests a role for Trx in catalysis beyond the paradigm of disulfide reduction.
Focal Radiation Therapy Combined with 4-1BB Activation and CTLA-4 Blockade Yields Long-Term Survival and a Protective Antigen-Specific Memory Response in a Murine Glioma Model

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults and is associated with a poor prognosis. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen -4 (CTLA-4) blocking antibodies have demonstrated an ability to generate robust antitumor immune responses against a variety of solid tumors. 4-1BB (CD137) is expressed by activated T lymphocytes and served as a co-stimulatory signal, which promotes cytotoxic function. Here, we evaluate a combination immunotherapy regimen involving 4-1BB activation, CTLA-4 blockade, and focal radiation therapy in an immune-competent intracranial GBM model. Methods GL261-luciferace cells were stereotactically implanted in the striatum of C57BL/6 mice. Mice were treated with a triple therapy regimen consisted of 4-1BB agonist antibodies, CTLA-4 blocking antibodies, and focal radiation therapy using a small animal radiation research platform and mice were followed for survival. Numbers of brain-infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed by FACS analysis. CD4 or CD8 depleting antibodies were administered to determine the relative contribution of T helper and cytotoxic T cells in this regimen. To evaluate the ability of this immunotherapy to generate an antigen-specific memory response, long-term survivors were re-challenged with GL261 glioma en B16 melanoma flank tumors. Results Mice treated with triple therapy had increased survival compared to mice treated with focal radiation therapy and immunotherapy with 4-1BB activation and CTLA-4 blockade. Animals treated with triple therapy exhibited at least 50% long-term tumor free survival. Treatment with triple therapy resulted in a higher density of CD4+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Mechanistically, depletion of CD4+ T cells abrogated the antitumor efficacy of triple therapy, while depletion of CD8+ T cells had no effect on the treatment response. Conclusion Combination therapy with 4-1BB activation and CTLA-4 blockade in the setting of focal radiation therapy improves survival in an orthotopic mouse model of glioma by a CD4+ T cell dependent mechanism and generates antigen-specific memory.
Acute Neurocognitive Response to Methylphenidate Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Cross-Over Trial

Objective To investigate the acute efficacy and adverse side effects of methylphenidate (MPH) among survivors of childhood cancer [acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or brain tumor (BT)] with learning impairments. Methods Participants (N ¼122) completed a two-day, in-clinic, double-blind, cross-over trial during which they received MPH (0.60mg/kg of body weight) and placebo that were randomized in administration order across participants. Performance was evaluated using measures of attention, memory, and academic achievement. Results A significant MPH versus placebo effect was revealed on a measure of attention, cognitive flexibility, and processing speed (Stroop Word-Color Association Test). Male gender, older age at treatment, and higher intelligence were predictive of better medication response. No significant differences were found for number or severity of adverse side effects as a function of active medication. Conclusions MPH shows some neurocognitive benefit and is well tolerated by the majority of children surviving ALL and BT.
Characterization of micellar mobile phases for reversed-phase chromatography

Abstract Cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants are characterized for their usefulness as micellar mobile phases in reversed-phase chromatography. Conditions found previously to provide optimum chromatographic efficiency for sodium dodecyl sulfate also provide high efficiency for the cationic and nonionic surfactants studied. The use of 3% n-propanol in the micellar mobile phase and column temperatures of 40°C appear to offer a broadly applicable solution to the low efficiency previously reported for micellar mobile phases. A chromatographic method for the determination of critical micelle concentrations is reported; it compares favorably with literature methods. Micellar mobile phases are shown to mimic ion-pairing mobile phases, allowing the separation of neutral solutes as well as solutes charged oppositely to the surfactant and offer a more rugged method of analysis than hydro-organic ion-pairing methods.
Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Its molecular causes remain to be fully defined. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism are positively correlated, which suggests that insulin resistance may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOD. Point mutations in the insulin receptor gene that cause insulin resistance appear to be associated with the PCOD phenotype.
Characteristics of inversion-channel and buried-channel MOS devices in 6H-SiC

Inversion-channel and buried-channel gate-controlled diodes and MOSFET's are investigated in the wide bandgap semiconductor 6H-SiC. These devices are fabricated using thermal oxidation and ion implantation. The gate-controlled diodes allow room temperature measurement of surface states, which is difficult with MOS capacitors due to the 3 eV bandgap of 6H-SiC. An effective electron mobility of 20 cm/sup 2//Vs is measured for the inversion-channel devices and a bulk electron mobility of 180 cm/sup 2//Vs is found in the channel of the buried-channel MOSFET. The buried-channel transistor is the first ion-implanted channel device in SIC and the first buried-channel MOSFET in the 6H-SiC polytype. >
Drug-Induced Granulocytopenia with Natural Killer Lymphocytosis after Renal Transplantation

Following renal transplantation, a patient developed life-threatening granulocytopenia secondary to a specific combination of drugs which are commonly utilized in this setting. Coincident with the dep
Hepatitis A in the Era of Vaccination

The World Health Organization estimates an annual total of 1.5 million clinical cases of hepatitis A worldwide, but seroprevalence data indicate that tens of millions of hepatitis A virus infections occur each year. In the United States in the 1980s–1990s, an average of 26,000 acute hepatitis A cases were reported per year, representing approximately 270,000 infections annually. Since licensure of effective hepatitis A vaccines in the mid-1990s, US hepatitis A rates have fallen precipitously—particularly since 1999, when routine childhood vaccination was recommended in states with consistently elevated rates. By 2004, the overall rate had declined to 1.9/100,000 population, the lowest rate ever recorded and 79% lower than any previously recorded nadir. These marked declines occurred with relatively modest vaccination coverage, suggesting that strong herd immunity accompanies the initiation of routine vaccination programs. Routine childhood vaccination has produced similar results in Israel and selected regions of Italy, Spain, and Australia. Hepatitis A vaccination will probably remain a low priority for some time in the poorest countries, where most persons are infected as young children. However, shifts in the epidemiologic patterns of disease associated with declining hepatitis A virus transmission are occurring in many regions of the world. These shifts are likely to create circumstances where strategically targeted vaccination of children could produce substantial public health benefits.
Efficient stimulated Raman scattering externally seeded by molecular spontaneous emission

We demonstrate an order-of-magnitude increase in the efficiency for first-Stokes Raman generation in a gas cell (CH4) by seeding with spontaneous emission from a dye cell. Second-Stokes and first-anti-Stokes lines were also generated more efficiently. The pump energy required for production of a 1% conversion efficiency for the first-Stokes emission is reduced by a factor of 1.8 below that required without seeding.
Reaction path synthesis strategies

A system is offered for the mathematical representation of the functional and structural features of organic molecules and their reactions. Two basic synthesis strategies, an antithetic method anda synthetic method, are defined and compared. The use of heuristic information in guiding synthesis is evaluated. A synthetic method which uses dynamic programming is presented and applied to the synthesis of bihelical DNA. Possible extensions to other classes of compounds are presented.
In-Place Barrier Drowning on Louisiana Continental Shelf: ABSTRACT

An extensive data set consisting of vibracores, seismic reflection profiles, surface sediment sampling, bathymetry, and historical maps and bathymetric charts strongly suggests that the two major shoals on the western Louisiana shelf, Ship Shoal and Trinity Shoal, originated through the in-place drowning of earlier barrier-island systems. The last barrier remnants were still visible in the early 1800s. The island systems originated as delta-flank barriers during the abandonment of Holocene lobes of the Mississippi delta. The islands probably developed through rapid shoreface retreat and transgression of deltaic distributary-mouth bar sands along the central part of the abandoned "headland." Flanking these headlands, regressive barrier spits and islands developed in response to a high rate of sediment supply from the eroding headland. These barriers prograded into the progressively deeper water of old interdistributary bays. Rapid, local, relative sea level rise, due to delta lobe subsidence, prevented the destruction of these flanking barriers by the erosional effects of the retreating shoreface. Consequently, the barriers drowned in place and the shoreline was "instantaneously" dis laced approximately 15-20 km (10-12 mi) landward. Ship Shoal and Trinity Shoal provide the only convincing case of recent barrier island in-place drowning along the United States coastline. An additional, possible example may exist in the western extension of the Maguire Island chain off Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Barriers subject to in-place drowning have the potential of preserving thick reservoir sands in the geologic record. These Louisiana shelf shoals, in particular, may be rapidly buried by the prodelta muds of a new phase of delta progradation. In contrast, barrier islands along coastlines with a slower relative rate of sea level rise, such as the United States east coast, are generally completely removed by the eroding shoreface. Their sand is transported seaward into an inner-shelf sand sheet. This sand sheet may subsequently be molded into linear sand ridges by contemporary storm-generated shelf currents. Such ridge sands are stratigraphically and sedimentologically distinct from the drowned barriers. End_of_Article - Last_Page 513------------
A Simple Nonparametric Test for Correlation

The polarity coincidence correlator (PCC), a nonparametric hypothesis testing procedure, is presented as an alternative to the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r). Previous theoretical results indicate that the PCC statistic should be inferior to the correlation coefficient when the data are normal, but it may outperform r for non-normal data with a highly peaked probability density function. Application of the PCC to a human factors experiment is illustrated. For this particular application, the PCC performance compares favorably to the product-moment correlation test when the data are normal and exceeds that of the correlation test for non-normal data. The results, combined with the ease of PCC computation, support the PCC as a promising test for human factors experimentation.
Low-Ripple CMOS Switched-Capacitor Power Converter With Closed-Loop Interleaving Regulation

This paper presents a new integrated switched-capacitor (SC) power converter with an interleaving regulation scheme. By dividing the original power stage into sub-units and operating each sub-unit in an interleaving way, the converter achieves attractive low ripple voltage and transient performance, without compromising other design parameters. The closed-loop operation ensures accurate voltage regulation at any desired levels. The design was fabricated with 0.35 ?m CMOS N-well process. The die area including all pads and power transistors is 3.52 mm2. Measurement results show that, with a supply voltage of 1.5 V and a load current of 250 mA, the output of the converter is well regulated at 2.5 V with only 9-mV ripple. The maximum efficiency of 82.3 % is achieved, when the output power reaches 625 mW.
Saturation of NO3− uptake in prairie streams as a function of acute and chronic N exposure

AbstractWe conducted a series of stepwise NO3− additions to investigate the response of NO3− uptake to short-term (acute) changes in N concentration in 3 prairie streams. Observed NO3− uptake rates increased with short-term elevations in NO3− concentration and were consistent with linear and Michaelis–Menten kinetics models. We compiled these data with uptake rates from additional published studies to calculate robust estimates of N uptake kinetics for prairie streams. Half-saturation coefficients based on compiled data were 6.7 µg/L for NH4+ and 67 µg/L for NO3−-N. This difference in half-saturation coefficients suggests that NH4+ is more efficiently assimilated than NO3−, indicating a preference for NH4+ as an N source. Similarly, ambient concentrations of NH4+ and NO3− were less than their respective half-saturation coefficients, and aerial uptake rates were generally <5% of the maximum, suggesting severe limitation of N uptake at ambient conditions. The observed pattern of uptake kinetics suggests tha...
Interweaving Youth Development, Community Development, and Social Change Through Youth Organizing

Community organizing groups that have built coalitions for local change over the past few decades are now involving young people as leaders in efforts to improve quality of life. The current study explores a particularly effective youth organizing initiative through review of organizational documents and collection and analysis of qualitative data. The study finds that this model for youth organizing is effective at producing impacts at multiple levels because it weaves together youth development, community development, and social change into a unified organizing cycle. The initiative encourages partici- pants by promoting psychological empowerment, leadership development, and sociopolitical development. Simultaneously, youth organizing produces community-level impacts, including new program implementation, policy change, and institution building. Social changes include intergenerational and multicultural collaboration in the exercise of power. This interplay between youth development, community development, and social change is discussed in relation to the growing field of youth organizing and other efforts to engage youth in civil society.
Repurposing cAMP-modulating medications to promote β-cell replication.

Loss of β-cell mass is a cardinal feature of diabetes. Consequently, developing medications to promote β-cell regeneration is a priority. cAMP is an intracellular second messenger that modulates β-cell replication. We investigated whether medications that increase cAMP stability or synthesis selectively stimulate β-cell growth. To identify cAMP-stabilizing medications that promote β-cell replication, we performed high-content screening of a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor library. PDE3, -4, and -10 inhibitors, including dipyridamole, were found to promote β-cell replication in an adenosine receptor-dependent manner. Dipyridamole's action is specific for β-cells and not α-cells. Next we demonstrated that norepinephrine (NE), a physiologic suppressor of cAMP synthesis in β-cells, impairs β-cell replication via activation of α2-adrenergic receptors. Accordingly, mirtazapine, an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist and antidepressant, prevents NE-dependent suppression of β-cell replication. Interestingly, NE's growth-suppressive effect is modulated by endogenously expressed catecholamine-inactivating enzymes (catechol-O-methyltransferase and l-monoamine oxidase) and is dominant over the growth-promoting effects of PDE inhibitors. Treatment with dipyridamole and/or mirtazapine promote β-cell replication in mice, and treatment with dipyridamole is associated with reduced glucose levels in humans. This work provides new mechanistic insights into cAMP-dependent growth regulation of β-cells and highlights the potential of commonly prescribed medications to influence β-cell growth.
Body Mass Index, Weight Gain, and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy.

Background This study examines the interrelationship between gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, and their association with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP). Methods Data from the 2004-2011 national Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were analyzed. Women with singleton live births were included in the analysis (N = 270,131). Gestational weight gain was categorized reflecting the Institute of Medicine (IOM) weight gain recommendation (no gain/weight loss; ≤11, 12-14; 15-25; 26-35; ≥36 pounds). Pre-pregnancy BMI (underweight; normal; overweight; obese) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH-Black, Hispanic, and NH-other) were examined. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy were dichotomized (HDP; no HDP). Data were stratified by BMI and race/ethnicity, and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to generate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Compared to normal and overweight women who gained the IOM recommended weight, higher odds of HDP was observed in those who gained ≥36 pounds regardless of their race/ethnicity. Among obese NH-White (odds ratio (OR) = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.50) and Hispanic women (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.54), the odds of HDP was higher among those who gained 25-35 pounds and those who gained ≥36 pounds (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.37, 1.85) and (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.41, 3.44), respectively. However, for NH-Black obese women, higher odds of HDP was observed among those who gained ≥36 pounds (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.73). Conclusions Although there are some ethnic/racial variations, pregnant women who exceeded gestational weight gain recommendations are at increased risk of HDP. Health care providers should consider the interrelationship between pre-pregnancy gestational weight gain (GWG) and BMI when counseling patients regarding HDP.
Integral Approximants for Functions of Higher Monodromic Dimension

In addition to the description of multiform, locally analytic functions as covering a many sheeted version of the complex plane, Riemann also introduced the notion of considering them as describing a space whose “monodromic” dimension is the number of linearly independent coverings by the monogenic analytic function at each point of the complex plane. I suggest that this latter concept is natural for integral approximants (sub-class of Hermite-Pade approximants) and discuss results for both “horizontal” and “diagonal” sequences of approximants. Some theorems are now available in both cases and make clear the natural domain of convergence of the horizontal sequences is a disk centered on the origin and that of the diagonal sequences is a suitably cut complex-plane together with its identically cut pendant Riemann sheets.
Tissue Microscopy and Spectroscopy: A Two-Photon Approach

Using two-photon excitation, we have demonstrated that fluorescence spectroscopy of endogenous chromophores such as NAD(P)H can be performed in human skin and rabbit cornea.
Family Values Exercise

This leadership exercise asks students to reflect on their family values and to begin to write them down. The exercise is useful in a leadership or career-management course when students need to consider their own values, assumptions, beliefs, and expectations about the way the world should be and then reexamine them. The exercise builds on the work of Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi and his notion of "transcender" (the Evolving Self) and Richard Dawkins's concept of "memes." The results of the exercise can be used as a springboard to discuss students' becoming "transcenders" as opposed to those who simply live out the values imprinted on them early in life. The exercise includes a table with examples to help students get started.
Sex Differences in Food Preferences of Hadza Hunter-Gatherers:

Food preferences are important for understanding foraging choices. In studying human foragers rather than other animals, we have the advantage of being able to ask them which foods they prefer. Yet surprisingly, no studies of systematically collected data exist on human forager food preferences. The Hadza of Tanzania are full-time foragers in an area where the hominin record extends back to 3-4 million years ago, so their diet is very relevant for understanding the paleo-diet. Here, we report on their food preferences, elicited with photographs of species within the five major food categories in their diet: honey, meat, berries, baobab, and tubers. There were sex differences in the ranks of two food categories: meat and berries. While male and female ranks agreed on the other three food categories, females ranked berries second and meat fourth, whereas males ranked meat second and berries fourth. Theses similarities and differences are interesting in light of the fact that the sexes target different foods...
THE INFLUENCE OF IRON--FLOW IN STEEL PRODUCTION PROCESS ON ITS IRON RESOURCE EFFICIENCY

The iron resource efficiency, for defining the degree of saving of natural iron resources in steel production process, was formulated. A standard iron-flow diagram of steel production process was given. The influences of iron-flow deviated in various ways from standard iron-flow diagram on iron resource efficiency were analyzed. The relationship between iron resource efficiency of steel production process and of its unit process has also been discussed. By using the data of a steel plant, the influences of iron-flow in steel production process on its iron resource efficiency were analyzed as an example.
The effectiveness of nurse-delivered aromatherapy in an acute care setting

Abstract Objective To examine the use and effectiveness of essential oil therapeutic interventions on pain, nausea, and anxiety, when provided by nurses to patients in acute hospital settings across a large health system. This study expands upon the limited body of literature on aromatherapy use among inpatients. Design Retrospective, effectiveness study using data obtained from electronic health records. Setting Ten Allina Health hospitals located in Minnesota and western Wisconsin. Interventions Nurse-delivered aromatherapy. Main Outcome Measures Change in patient-reported pain, anxiety, and nausea, rated before and after receiving aromatherapy using a numeric rating scale (0–10). Results There were 10,262 hospital admissions during the study time frame in which nurse-delivered aromatherapy was part of patient care. The majority of admissions receiving aromatherapy were females (81.71%) and white (87.32%). Over 75% of all aromatherapy sessions were administered via inhalation. Lavender had the highest absolute frequency (49.5%) of use regardless of mode of administration, followed by ginger (21.2%), sweet marjoram (12.3%), mandarin (9.4%), and combination oils (7.6%). Sweet marjoram resulted in the largest single oil average pain change at −3.31 units (95% CI: −4.28, −2.33), while lavender and sweet marjoram had equivalent average anxiety changes at −2.73 units, and ginger had the largest single oil average change in nausea at −2.02units (95% CI: −2.55, −1.49). Conclusions Essential oils generally resulted in significant clinical improvements based on their intended use, although each oil also showed ancillary benefits for other symptoms. Future research should explore use of additional essential oils, modes of administration, and different patient populations.
Arthroscopic Implant-Free Bone Grafting for Shoulder Instability With Glenoid Bone Loss: Clinical and Radiological Outcome at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up

Background:Posttraumatic anteroinferior shoulder dislocations with concomitant glenoid bone loss show high recurrence rates. The open J-bone graft technique for implant-less anatomic restoration of bony glenoid structure has previously been described, whereas results of arthroscopic techniques are currently not available.Purpose:To evaluate clinical and radiological outcome after arthroscopic anatomic reconstruction of the glenoid for recurrent anteroinferior glenohumeral instability.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:Fifteen shoulders of 14 patients with recurrent anteroinferior shoulder instability were prospectively followed after glenoid reconstruction with a modified arthroscopic, implant-free J-bone graft. Preoperatively, the instability severity index score was documented. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years using the Rowe score and the Constant score. Subjective outcome was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the subjective shoulder value for spo...
Space-time descriptions of quantum fields interacting with optical cavities

The purpose of this paper is to compare two unitary, deterministic approaches to the study of the interaction of quantized fields with atomic systems in optical cavities. In particular it is shown that the ``modes of the universe'' approach, in which each mode has both an intracavity and an outside part, is formally equivalent, in an appropriate limit, to the better known ``input-output'' formalism in its unitary (i.e., Hermitian-Hamiltonian based) form; the latter may be called a ``quasimode'' theory, since it treats the field inside the cavity as a separate degree of freedom. Differences that arise between the two approaches for numerical calculations involving a finite set of discrete modes are also pointed out. The formalism is illustrated with an in-depth discussion of the explicit solution for a single-photon pulse, of arbitrary shape and detuning, incident on a cavity containing a two-level atom.
Sensors and systems for fruit detection and localization

We reviewed successes and challenges of sensing systems for fruit detection.We also reviewed the capabilities of sensors used for fruit localization.Challenges included occlusion, clustering and variable lighting condition.We presented future direction including amendment of orchard environment.Sensor fusion and human machine collaboration can also be areas for research. This paper reviews the research and development of machine vision systems for fruit detection and localization for robotic harvesting and/or crop-load estimation of specialty tree crops including apples, pears, and citrus. Variable lighting condition, occlusions, and clustering are some of the important issues needed to be addressed for accurate detection and localization of fruit in orchard environment. To address these issues, various techniques have been investigated using different types of sensors and their combinations as well as with different image processing techniques. This paper summarizes various techniques and their advantages and disadvantages in detecting fruit in plant or tree canopies. The paper also summarizes the sensors and systems developed and used by researchers to localize fruit as well as the potential and limitations of those systems. Finally, major challenges for the successful application of machine vision system for robotic fruit harvesting and crop-load estimation, and potential future directions for research and development are discussed.