cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP-1) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid; pre-eclampsia, small for gestational age fetus and fetal distress.

Abstract Pregnancy specific β1 glycoprotein (SP-1) levels have been suggested to correlate with certain obstetrical complications. We compared maternal serum SP-1 levels in normal pregnancies (N = 82), and pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (N= 37), small for gestational age fetuses (N = 8) and fetal distress (N = 13). We also compared levels of this protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid samples obtained from normal (N = 47) and small for gestational age fetuses (N = 25). Despite trends towards low maternal serum and amniotic fluid SP-1 values in complicated pregnancies, there were no statistically significant differences in their levels as compared with normal gestational age matched controls (P > 0.005). These data do not support the use of SP-1 values in clinical practice.
Anterior Mediastinal Mass in a Patient with Graves' Disease*

The finding of hyperplastic lymphoid tissue in patients with Graves' disease is not uncommon. However, massive thymic enlargement is quite rare. In this report we present evidence that a massively enlarged thymus in a patient with Graves' disease returned to normal upon institution of propylthiouracil therapy. We suggest that a potential response to antithyroid therapy must be considered before recommending invasive procedures.
Levels in 189 Os populated in the decay of 189 Re

The excited level scheme of189Os as populated by the decay of 23.4-h189Re has been studied by use of Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors in the γ-ray singles and coincidence mode. The data confirm the presence of excited levels in189Os at 30.8 (Jπ=9/2−), 36.2 (1/2−), 69.5 (5/2−), 95.2 (3/2−), 216.7 (7/2−), 219.4 (7/2−), 233.6 (3/2−), 275.8 (5/2−), 496.8 (1/2−, 3/2+) and 599.8 (1/2−, 3/2+) keV. The spin and parity assignments are based on multipolarities determined by internal conversion coefficient measurements and decay systematics. A decay scheme is established for189Re which accommodates 98% of the electromagnetic transition intensity. No evidence for the 150-d189Re isomer was found in this study.
Spin transfer torques

This tutorial article introduces the physics of spin transfer torques in magnetic devices. Our intention is that it be accessible to beginning graduate students. We provide an elementary discussion of the mechanism of spin transfer torque and review the theoretical and experimental progress in this field. This article is meant to set the stage for the articles which follow in this volume of the Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, which focus in more depth on particularly interesting aspects of spin-torque physics and highlight unanswered questions that might be productive topics for future research.
Bibliometrics: A Model for Judging Quality

As we librarians complete the transition from the affluence of the 1960s to the austerity of the 1980s, we are facing the most creative and challenging era of collection development in the history of librarianship. Bibliographers will have to face the transition with great optimism and make collection development a “joyful science” if we are to survive such austerity and overcome its resulting bibliographic depression. The bad news is only that we will have to work harder and become sharper bibliographers and administrators.
Towards a new cyber-physical system for MRI-guided and robot-assisted cardiac procedures

Image-guided and robot-assisted minimally invasive surgical procedures are rapidly evolving due to their improved patient management and potential cost effectiveness. Currently, robot-assisted intracardiac surgeries on the beating heart are still in their infancy due to the challenges associated with the dynamic environment of operation. An approach to address those challenges is the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for preoperative planning as well as for real-time intraoperative guidance. The objective of this paper is to propose a novel cyber-physical system for planning and performing robot-assisted MRI guided interventions in the beating heart with particular focus on aortic valve implantations. Our ongoing research focuses on developing a computational core for MRI-based preoperative planning and generation of dynamic robot maneuvering trajectories, real-time tissue tracking, and a novel MR-compatible robotic manipulator for transapical access to the beating heart.
Hydration of OCS with One to Four Water Molecules in Atmospheric and Laboratory Conditions

Carbonyl sulfide is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere. We have used MP2 and CCSD(T) theory to study the structures and thermochemistries of carbonyl sulfide interacting with one to four water molecules. We have completed an extensive search for clusters of OCS(H 2 O) n ,w heren)1-4. We located three dimers, two trimers, five tetramers, and four pentamers with the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ method. In each of the complexes with two or more waters, OCS preferentially interacts with low-energy water clusters. Our results match current theoretical and experimental literature, showing correlation with available geometries and frequencies for the OCS(H 2 O) species. The CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ thermochemical values combined with the average amount of OCS and the saturated concentration of H 2 O in the troposphere, lead to the prediction of 10 6 OCS(H 2 O) clusters·cm -3 and 10 2 OCS(H 2 O) 2 clusters·cm -3 at 298 K. We predict the structures of OCS(H 2 O) n , n)1- 4t hat should predominate in al ow-temperature molecular beam and identify specif ic infrared vibrations that can be used to identify these different clusters.
Sex Differences in the Presentation and Course of Asthma Hospitalizations

Objective To distinguish between differences in prevalence, asthma severity, and treatment to explain sex-related differences in hospitalized asthma patients. Design Medical record review. Setting Thirty US hospitals as part of the University HealthSystem Consortium Asthma Clinical Benchmarking Project. Patients A random sample of patients aged 2 to 54 years and admitted to the hospital for acute asthma from 1999 to 2000. Measurements Demographics, medical history, initial oxygen saturation, initial peak expiratory flow (adults), initial pulmonary index (children), emergency department course, length of hospital stay, and discharge plans. Results The cohort included 606 pediatric (aged 2 to 17 years) and 680 adult (aged 18 to 54 years) inpatients. The sex ratio varied significantly by age: 40% were girls 2 to 17 years of age, and 68% were women 18 to 54 years of age p Conclusions Among US inpatients with acute asthma, male children are more common than female children, while women are more common in adults. The results in children are probably explained by prevalence differences, since no sex differences were seen in markers of asthma severity or treatment. In adults, increased symptoms in response to a given level of airway obstruction in women may contribute to the female predominance in asthma hospitalizations.
Increasing All Students' Chance to Achieve: Using and Adapting Anticipation Guides with Middle School Learners.

The ability to effectively use reading as a study skill is critical to academic success at the middle- and high-school levels. In an age of high-stakes testing and accountability, content-area spec...
A new characterization for positive real and *-norm controllers

The solvability conditions for positive real and *-norm controller synthesis problems are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities that include the compensator gains explicitly. Strictly proper vs proper controllers, relaxing full rank assumptions on the penalty matrices, and extension to systems with parametric uncertainties are discussed.
High temperature arrest of inflorescence development in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)

atures near optimal for vegetative growth. This lack of heat tolerance restricts broccoli production to maritime High temperature causes unevenly-sized flower buds climates lacking extreme temperatures. The alteration in on broccoli inflorescences. This deformity limits pro- the inflorescence structure has been described primarily duction of broccoli to areas where summer temper- in terms of the marketability of the commercial product atures rarely exceed 30°C. The stage of development (Heather et al., 1992). sensitive to heat was determined by exposing plants Inflorescence development in broccoli involves prolifof ‘Galaxy’ broccoli at varying developmental stages eration of the meristem to make a highly ramified inflorto 35°C day temperature for 1 week, and subsequently escence. Developmental arrest occurs during floral bud analysing the head structure. During the high temper- development and internode elongation (Carr and Irish, ature exposure, the development of certain flower 1997). In contrast, cauliflower has greater meristem prolifbuds was arrested. There was no corresponding ces- eration and is arrested earlier, after the first florallysation of bud initiation at the apex. No injury resulted determined gene expression but before any bud developif heat was applied before the reproductive induction, ment (Carr and Irish, 1997). Exposure to high tempernor was there injury to differentiated flower buds. ature during a time window several weeks before harvest
Cooperative governance, environmental policy, and management of offshore oil and gas in the United States

Abstract The domestic American regime for management of offshore oil and gas is based on strict division of state from federal authority exactly 3 miles seaward. However, this approach has been characterized by stalemate, as the federal budget process is used by state representatives in Congress to halt further development. Given recent U.S. extension of its territorial sea from 3 to 12 miles, the 3‐mile state‐federal division may now be replaced with a more progressive regime based on cooperative state/federal governance. Adopting a framework offered by John Kingdon in Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies, specific conditions are identified under which cooperative governance will replace the present scheme. In applying Kingdon's model, change in the presidency from Bush to Clinton is seen as the window of opportunity for achieving this new regime. Significantly, policy entrepreneurs are already “softening”; the process in preparation for shared governance to be advanced as regime of choice for the e...
Stuck in the Middle: The Challenges of User-Centered Design and Evaluation for Infrastructure

Infrastructure software comprises code libraries or runtime processes that support the development or operation of application software. A particular infrastructure system may support certain styles of application, and may even determine the features of applications built using it. This poses a challenge: although we have good techniques for designing and evaluating interactive applications, our techniques for designing and evaluating infrastructure intended to support these applications are much less well formed. In this paper, we reflect on case studies of two infrastructure systems for interactive applications. We look at how traditional user-centered techniques, while appropriate for application design and evaluation, fail to properly support infrastructure design and evaluation. We present a set of lessons from our experience, and conclude with suggestions for better user-centered design and evaluation of infrastructure software.
Electromagnetic scattering by a mixture of conducting and dielectric objects: analysis using method of moments

In this paper, the method of moments is employed to solve the combined field integral equation for characterizing electromagnetic scattering by large three-dimensional structures of arbitrary shape. Unlike those discussed in the literature, these structures consist of mixed conducting and homogeneous dielectric objects. To improve the matrix conditioning number, the basis functions used to represent magnetic currents are also chosen as the popular Rao-Wilton-Glisson functions, but are multiplied by a constant number. A Galerkin's procedure is implemented, i.e., the testing functions are chosen to be the same as the basis functions.
Polymeric Micelle‐Mediated Delivery of DNA‐Targeting Organometallic Complexes for Resistant Ovarian Cancer Treatment

Three half-sandwich iridium and ruthenium organometallic complexes with high cytotoxicity are synthesized, and their anticancer mechanisms are elucidated. The organometallic complexes can interact with DNA through coordination or intercalation, thereby inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of resistant cancer cells. The organometallic complexes are then incorporated into polymeric micelles through the polymer-metal coordination between poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(glutamic acid) [PEG-b-P(Glu)] and organometallic complexes to further enhance their anticancer effects as a result of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The micelles with particle sizes of ≈60 nm are more efficiently internalized by cancer cells than the corresponding complexes, and selectively dissociate and release organometallic anticancer agents within late endosomes and lysosomes, thereby enhancing drug delivery to the nuclei of cancer cells and facilitating their interactions with DNA. Thus, the micelles display higher antitumor activity than the organometallic complexes alone with a lack of the systemic toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer. These results suggest that the polymeric micelles carrying anticancer organometallic complexes provide a promising platform for the treatment of resistant ovarian cancer and other hard-to-treat solid tumors.
A portable scanning system for evaluation of spray deposit distribution

Preventing over- or under-spray applications on intended targets require a system to rapidly measure spray coverage and provide spray quality feedback information. A portable scanning system was developed that could quickly evaluate spray deposit distribution and coverage area on deposit collectors such as water sensitive paper or Kromekote^(R) card. The system is integrated with a handheld business card scanner, deposit collectors, a laptop computer, and a custom-designed software package entitled ''DepositScan''. The software is composed of a set of custom plug-ins that are used by an image-processing program (ImageJ) to produce a number of measurements suitable for describing spray deposit distribution. The program worked with the handheld business card scanner to scan spray deposits on the collectors. After scanning the collectors, individual droplet sizes, their distributions, total droplet number, droplet density, amount of spray deposits, and percentage of spray coverage are displayed on the computer screen and saved in a spreadsheet. Spots smaller than [email protected] are ignored by DepositScan when 2400dpi resolution was used. Observations of nominal size spots through a stereoscopic microscope verified the accuracy of the system, and demonstrated that because of pixel limitations, the accuracy of any image-processing program using the pixel recognition technique would decrease as the spot sizes decrease. The portable scanning system offers a convenient solution for on-the-spot evaluation of spray quality under various working conditions.
Thermochemistry of uranium compounds XVII. Standard molar enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K of dehydrated schoepite UO3 · 0.9H2O. Thermodynamics of (schoepite + dehydrated schoepite + water)☆☆☆

Abstract Solution-calorimetric measurements in HF(aq) have yielded the standard molar enthalpy of formation Δ f H m o (UO 3 · 0.9H 2 O, 298.15 K) = −(1506.3 ± 2.1) kJ · mol −1 . On the basis of an estimated standard molar entropy, S m o (298.15 K) = (125 ± 5) J · K −1 · mol −1 , the standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ f G m o (298.15 K) was calculated to be −(1374.4 ± 2.6) kJ · mol −1 . The equilibrium dissociation pressures of the reaction: UO 3 · 2H 2 O(cr, schoepite) = UO 3 · 0.9H 2 O(cr) + 1.1H 2 O(g), are approximately 1.7 and 91 kPa at 298.15 and 373.15 K, respectively. The standard equilibrium constants at 298.15 K for the dissolution of schoepite and dehydrated schoepite in acid are 6.03 × 10 4 and 1.20 × 10 5 , respectively, and are given for several other temperatures.
Application I/O and Data Management

A library called HIO has been developed for large-scale multi-physics simulations, based on the UDM library [10]. The goal of the library is to provide sustainable, interoperable, efficient, scalable, and convenient tools for parallel IO and data management for high-level data structures in applications, and to provide tools for the connection between applications. The high-level data structures include one- and multi-dimensional arrays, structured meshes, unstructured meshes, and the meshes generated through adaptive mesh refinement. The IO mechanism can be collective and non-collective. The data objects suitable for the library could be either large or small data sets. Even for small data sets, the IO performance is close to one of MPI-IO performance.
NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND AND ITS EFFECTS ON LANGUAGE POLICY

The most recent federal education policy in the United States, titled No Child Left Behind (NCLB), was passed into law in 2001. High-stakes testing is the core of NCLB, as tests are used to hold each school, district, and state accountable for student performance, therein affording the federal government greater control over the constitutionally decentralized national system of U.S. education. Because the tests being used are administered in English, English language learners (ELLs) typically fail to meet the law's annual progress requirements, resulting in serious consequences for the students and their schools. This article reviews research about the effects of NCLB on language policies in education. Empirical studies show that the law—which is at face value merely an educational policy—is in actuality a de facto language policy. After explaining the law's assessment mandates, this article provides analyses of the wording of NCLB from a language policy perspective. It also reviews studies about the limitations of the required tests as instruments to carry out the law's demands, and about the effects of the law on instruction and the educational experiences of ELLs.
Phase Transformations Induced in Metallic Glasses by Pulsed Laser and Alpha Particle Beam Irradiation

Nd:YAG laser (λ=532 nm, τ=8 ns, Φ=30 J/cm2, v=10 Hz) induced transformations in Fe81B135Si35C2metallic glass were characterized by transmission and conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy, hysteresis loops and ac susceptibility measurements. The radiation-driven changes were further compared with alpha particle beam irradiation effects (W=2.8 MeV, Φ=1016and 1017 cm−2) in the same amorphous material. Pulsed laser irradiation of Fe81B135Si3.5C2 metallic glass was found to induce magnetic anisotropy, surface oxidation, onset of crystallization, slight increase in the saturation magnetic moment and changes in the imaginary susceptibility component. Alpha particle beam irradiation of Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2 metallic glass caused partial crystallization of the bulk of the specimen, total crystallization of the surface, as well as dose-dependent changes in the saturation magnetic moment, hysteresis and real susceptibility component.
United States Tax Implications of the Dutch Virtual Theft Case

A ground-breaking case from the Supreme Court of the Netherlands has recently electrified the online community. In this case, the court upheld a conviction for theft of a defendant who used real life force to take virtual objects from someone else in a virtual world. This paper explores the United States tax implications of this decision. It concludes that 1) virtual world users subject to United States taxation and Dutch law should be entitled to take a theft deduction for stolen virtual objects when the theft is outside the virtual world’s rules and 2) under Dutch law, an exchange of virtual objects is enough of a change of legal entitlements to be a realization event for United States tax purposes.
Synthesis of New Chalcogenide Materials. The Novel One-Dimensional Semiconductor K4 Ti3 S14

The use of A2 Q/Q melts (A - alkali metal, Q - S or Se) for the synthesis of new one-dimensional solid-state materials is found to be of general utility and is illustrated here for the synthesis of K4 Ti3 SI4. Reaction of Ti metal with a K2 S/S melt at 375°C for 50 h affords K4 Ti3 SI4. The structure possesses one-dimensional chains of seven and eightcoordinate Ti atoms with each chain isolated from all others by surrounding K atoms. There are six S-S pairs (dave - 2.069(3) A) so that the compound is one of TiIV and may be described as K4 [Ti3 (S)2 (S2)6]. Electrical conductivity measurements indicate that this material is a semiconductor.
Feeding Deterrence of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae by Low Concentrations of Linear Furanocoumarins

We conducted choice tests and behavioral observations of Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) larvae to study the effect of linear furanocoumarins (bergapten, xanthotoxin, and psoralen) individually or in combination at concentrations commonly found in Apium graveolens L. and UV-A light on larval preference and feeding behavior. Linear furanocoumarins had a negative and concentration-dependent effect on diet preference by S. exigua larvae. Behavioral observations showed that preference of control diet is the result of feeding deterrence by these compounds. The larvae leave the furanocoumarin-containing diet more frequently by becoming more mobile after ingestion of the treated diet, as measured by time spent questing (in which larvae walk or lift their thoraxes, and move from side to side in a searching motion) and number of questing occurrences. The UV-A effect was not significant. We conclude that linear furanocoumarins (at the concentrations found in A. graveolens ) can play an important role as behavioral modifiers rather than as toxic defenses against larvae of the generalist herbivore S. exigua .
High Pressure Equation of State for Fe2O3

A Debye-Gruneisen equation of state for hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) was developed for use in studying the high pressure solid state reaction Al + Fe 2 O 3 → Fe + A1 2 O 3 . A simple, single Curie temperature Curie-Weiss ferromagnetic term was used to account for the complex antiferromagnetic contributions to the entropy and specific heat. In the absence of information on the variation of Curie temperature with pressure, it is taken to be constant, so that the antiferromagnetism makes no contribution to the pressure-volume equation of state.
Adult Kinship Networks: The Selective Formation of Intimate Ties with Kin

An important dimension of kinship networks is the existence of closer, more affective, bonds with kin. This study examines various factors commonly assumed to be related to the likelihood of certain kin being viewed as intimates, or confidants. The results show that spouses are about thirty times as likely to be selected as a confidant than an extended relative or a young child, about seven times as likely to be chosen as a parent, ten times as likely as an adult child, and fifteen times as likely as a sibling. Structural variables such as age, category of kin, stage in the life cycle, frequency of contact, and gender are central to explaining the intimate and confidant kin chosen. Women are both more likely to be cited as confidants and to have confidant ties with kin. Age is significant both in excluding very young kin from being viewed as confidants, and in the higher likelihood of all types of kin being confidants for respondents 75 or older. Frequency of interaction and status homogeneity (on age and gender) are not related to the probability of being a confidant.
Development and characterization of a spring hexaploid wheat line with no functional VRN2 genes

Key message The combination of three non-functional alleles of the flowering repressorVRN2results in a spring growth habit in wheat.
Dendrimers Target the Ischemic Lesion in Rodent and Primate Models of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Introduction Polyamidoamine dendrimer nanoparticles (~ 4 nanometers) are inert polymers that can be linked to biologically active compounds. These dendrimers selectively target and accumulate in inflammatory cells upon systemic administration. Dendrimer-linked compounds enable sustained release of therapeutic compounds directly at the site of damage. The purpose of this study was to determine if dendrimers can be used to target the optic nerve (ON) ischemic lesion in our rodent and nonhuman primate models of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a disease affecting >10,000 individuals in the US annually, and for which there currently is no effective treatment.
Effect of Gas Injection on Saturation Pressure of Volatile Oil Reservoir

Mixing of injected gas and reservoir oil will change the initial saturation pressure, affect the deliverability of the oil. And the change of saturation pressure could affect the performance of volatile oil reservoir. This paper analyzes the effect of injected gas on saturation pressure of volatile crude reservoir under the assumed direct and complete mixing between injected gas and crude in PVT test by using the balance theory of gas-liquid two phases and field data, without consideration of effect of porous media on phase behavior. The results show that when natural gas, methane or nitrogen are injected into volatile oil sample, the oil saturation pressure will increase with incremental injected gas volume, of which the nitrogen injection assures the biggest saturation pressure, adding intermediates injected volume tends to decrease of the saturation pressure, whereas increasing overall injected volume would enable the miscibility pressure of the injected gas and crude oil to increase.
Low-Voltage Measuring System for Limiting Magnetic Hysteresis Loop of Iron Core

Because the limiting magnetic hysteresis loop(LMHP)of iron core is a basic parameter for power current transformer(CT)simulation,and the size of power CT is usually large,the high-voltage condition is unavoidable for measuring LMHP of power CT straightly,this paper studies a low-voltage LMHP measuring system for the purpose of measuring the LMHP with common instruments in the electrical laboratory.The framework of the measuring system,the design flow of customized iron core,and the measuring steps and data handling method are presented in detail.Two groups of experiments have been carried out to verify the feasibility of this measuring system.The results of the experiments show that LMHP can be measured precisely using the proposed system in the condition that the voltage is below 150V and the current is below 10A.
Fabrication and conductivity of SrCe_(0.85)Y_(0.15)O_(2.925) by polyacrylamide gel method

Nanometer-sized SrCe0.85Y0.15O2.925 powder was synthesized as middle or low temperature solid electrolyte by the polyacrylamide gel method. The acrylamide was used as monomer, N,N-methylenebis-acrylamide was used as lattice reagent and the ammonium peroxydisulfate was used as evocatingagent. The characterization of powders was studied by XRD and TEM. The results show that the monomer and lattice reagent were burned out at 700℃by FT-IR spectrum, the particle-diameter distribution of powders was about 20-28 nm and a specific surface area was about 38-46 m2·g-1. The fired samples from650℃to 1000℃there were triple phases including Ce2Y2O7,Ce2Sr2O5 and CeO2, the sample at 1200℃there were SrCe0.85Y0.15O2.925 and a small amount CeO2. The single phase SrCe0.85Y0.15O2.925 material can be obtained at 1300℃. The density of sample become larger gradually along with the increase of firing temperature and the conductivity of sample become larger gradually along with the increase of density. The conductivity of sample was higher than 1.0×10-1mS·m-1 at 700℃.
Conceptualizing primary and secondary pathological exercise using available measures of excessive exercise.

Objective There is disagreement about the conceptualization and measurement of pathological exercise (PE). This study seeks to elucidate the nature of this phenomenon as addictive or compulsive in its primary and secondary forms. Method 1,497 adults (608 men, 885 women, 4 other) completed a set of validated surveys, including the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Exercise Dependence Scale-21, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET), the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire, the Commitment to Exercise Scale, and an exercise specific adaptation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (ESDOCS). Participants completed the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, and DSM-5 eating disorder (ED) diagnoses were determined according to published guidelines. Pearson correlation coefficients, independent samples t-tests, χ2 tests, 1-way ANOVA's, and ANCOVA's were calculated. Results All PE measures correlated highly with one another (P < 0.001). Participants with EDs scored higher on all measures than those without (P < 0.001), and those with bulimia nervosa had the highest scores. Participants with PE and an accompanying ED (secondary PE) scored higher than those with PE and no ED symptoms (primary ED) on the CET (P < 0.002) and ESDOCS (P < 0.003). Correlations between EDE-Q and PE scores were stronger among women than men. PE prevalence was 6.4% (1.4% primary PE, 5.0% secondary PE) in our heterogeneous sample. Discussion Secondary PE appears to be more compulsive while primary PE is more addictive in nature. Men and women are equally at risk for PE, but in men it is more often primary and addictive and in women it is more often secondary and compulsive. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016)
Regional Hemodynamic and Metabolic Alterations in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Studies of Diaschisis

Diaschisis is thought to be due to a temporary depression of function in areas of the brain remote from a focal cerebral injury and to be associated with changes in cerebral metabolism and blood flow. The phenomen of diaschisis was first described by Von-Monakow in 1914 and was based on clinical observations.
The Measure of Service Learning: Research Scales to Assess Student Experiences (Book Summary)

The Measure of Service Learning: Research Scales to Assess Student Experiences (2003)by Robert Bringle, Mindy Phillips, and Michael HudsonPublisher: American Psychological AssociationPaperback: 232 pages ($49.95)ISBN-13: 978-1591470779
Exploiting bistable pinning of a ferromagnetic vortex for nitrogen-vacancy spin control

The strong, localized magnetic field produced by the core of a ferromagnetic vortex provides a platform for addressing and controlling individual nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spins in diamond. Translation of a vortex state in a thin ferromagnetic disk or wire can be understood as motion through an effective pinning potential, arising from the defects in the material. Coupling an NV spin to a vortex state in a proximal ferromagnet imprints the pinning landscape onto the spin transitions. Quantitative characterization of the pinning potential is necessary to control the spin-vortex system. First, we map the effective pinning potential by raster scanning the vortex core through a permalloy disk and measuring the hysteretic vortex displacement vs. magnetic field using differential magneto-optical microscopy. Second, we demonstrate that the interaction between the vortex and a nearby NV spin can be characterized using the pinning map and the path taken by the vortex core through the landscape. Finally, we iden...
Limits to Improvement of Silicon Integrated Circuits

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the technological limitations imposed on very large scale integration (VLSI) in terms of the laws of physics, technological capability, design complexity, and economic constraints. It focuses on technological capability, that is, physical and electrical limitations to reducing the dimensions of devices and structural elements, and on design complexity, that is, difficulties associated with the design, testing, and application of VLSI. Technological limits are constraints imposed by materials properties, device parameters, and microfabrication problems. Circuit complexity limits are associated with the integrated circuit products that one chooses to design and fabricate. Improvement in integrated chips can be defined in terms of two basic areas: component density and information throughput. Component density can be described in terms of device packing density or the integration level. Performance can be expressed in terms of switching speed or transmission speed.
Mixing Behavior in Small Molecule:Fullerene Organic Photovoltaics

We report a novel method to determine the amount of pure, aggregated phase of donor and acceptor in organic photovoltaic (OPV) bulk heterojunctions. By determination of the diffraction intensity per unit volume for both donor and acceptor, the volume content of pure, aggregated donor and acceptor in the blend can be determined. We find that for the small molecule X2:[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) system, in contrast to most polymer systems, all the PCBM is aggregated, indicating there is negligible miscibility of PCBM with X2. This provides an explanation why the performance of OPV devices of X2:PCBM are high over a large range of PCBM concentrations. This is in contrast to many other OPV blends, where PCBM forms a mixed phase with the donor and does not provide sufficient transport for electrons when the PCBM concentration is low. This study demonstrates that a mixed phase is not necessarily a requirement for good OPV device performance.
NASA's Kilopower reactor development and the path to higher power missions

The development of NASA's Kilopower fission reactor is taking large strides toward flight development with several successful tests completed during its technology demonstration trials. The Kilopower reactors are designed to provide 1–10 kW of electrical power to a spacecraft or lander, which could be used for additional science instruments, the ability to power electric propulsion systems, or support human exploration on another planet. Power rich nuclear missions have been excluded from NASA mission proposals because of the lack of radioisotope fuel and the absence of a flight qualified fission system. NASA has partnered with the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration to develop the Kilopower reactor using existing facilities and infrastructure and determine if the reactor design is suitable for flight development. The three-year Kilopower project started in 2015 with a challenging goal of building and testing a full-scale flight-prototypic nuclear reactor by the end of 2017. Initially, the power system will undergo several non-nuclear tests using an electrical heat source and a depleted uranium core to verify the complete non-nuclear system design prior to any nuclear testing. After successful completion of the depleted uranium test, the system will be shipped to the Nevada National Security Site where it will be fueled with the highly enriched uranium core and re-tested using the nuclear heat source. At completion of the project, NASA will have a significant sum of experimental data with a flight-prototypic fission power system, greatly reducing the technical and programmatic risks associated with further flight development. To compliment the hardware rich development progress, a review of several higher power mission studies are included to emphasize the impact of having a flight qualified fission reactor. The studies cover several science missions that offer nuclear electric propulsion with the reactor supplying power to the spacecraft's propulsion system and the science instruments, enabling a new class of outer planet missions. A solar versus nuclear trade for Mars surface power is also reviewed to compare the advantages of each system in support of ascent vehicle propellant production and human expeditions. These mission studies offer insight into some of the benefits that fission power has to offer but still lacks a wider audience of influence. For example, mission directorates won't include a fission power system in their solicitations until it's flight qualified, and scientists won't propose new missions that require more power than what's currently proven and available. An attempt to break this chicken and egg effect has been ongoing with the Kilopower project with the goal of advancing the technology to a level that encourages a flight development program and allows scientists to propose new ideas for higher power missions.
When Innovation Moves Too Fast

My go-to laptop is out of storage space and I refuse to put my stuff in the cloud. I'm a digital Robinson Crusoe, alone on an island of hard disks and memory sticks. Resisting the cloud hurts only me, but I'm stubborn—and a victim of an insidious, unseen force: Lag.
Corticostriatal circuit defects in Hoxb8 mutant mice

Hoxb8 mutant mice exhibit compulsive grooming and hair removal dysfunction similar to humans with the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-spectrum disorder, trichotillomania. As, in the mouse brain, the only detectable cells that label with Hoxb8 cell lineage appear to be microglia, we suggested that defective microglia cause the neuropsychiatric disorder. Does the Hoxb8 mutation in microglia lead to neural circuit dysfunctions? We demonstrate that Hoxb8 mutants contain corticostriatal circuit defects. Golgi staining, ultra-structural and electrophysiological studies of mutants reveal excess dendritic spines, pre- and postsynaptic structural defects, long-term potentiation and miniature postsynaptic current defects. Hoxb8 mutants also exhibit hyperanxiety and social behavioral deficits similar to mice with neuronal mutations in Sapap3, Slitrk5 and Shank3, reported models of OCD and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Long-term treatment of Hoxb8 mutants with fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, reduces excessive grooming, hyperanxiety and social behavioral impairments. These studies provide linkage between the neuronal defects induced by defective Hoxb8-microglia and neuronal dysfunctions directly generated by mutations in synaptic components that result in mice, which display similar pathological grooming, hyperanxiety and social impairment deficits. Our results shed light on Hoxb8 microglia-driven circuit-specific defects and therapeutic approaches that will become essential to developing novel therapies for neuropsychiatric diseases such as OCD and ASDs with Hoxb8-microglia being the central target.
Spezielle Probleme und Anwendungsbeispiele für vertikale Pumpen

Die anzustrebende Form der Leistungskurve fur alle Anwendungen ist eine Kurve, deren Maximum im Punkt besten Wirkungsgrades liegt. Eine solche Gestalt schliest die Gefahr der Uberlastung des Motors in irgendeinem Betriebspunkt aus. Pumpen mittlerer spezifischer Drehzahl (ne = 60 bis 80, einflutig) haben Leistungscharakteristiken dieser Art. Bei kleineren spezifischen Drehzahlen steigt die Leistungsaufnahme jenseits des Optimalpunktes mit wachsendem Durchsatz weiter an; die niedrigste Leistung wird bei Forderung Null aufgenommen Derartige Leistungskurven befriedigen die Anspruche in den meisten Fallen, da sie mit kleiner Leistung bei geschlossenem Schieber anlaufen, und da es nicht oft vorkommt, das solche Pumpen bei Fordermengen, die wesentlich uber der Normalmenge liegen, arbeiten mussen.
The Visibility and Invisibility of Arab Americans and Implications for Psychological Treatment: A Comment on Cho

The following is a commentary on “Ethical Considerations for Psychologists Providing Treatment for Arab Americans” (Cho, this issue). Cho (this issue) brings to light important issues on providing ethical treatment with the Arab American community. However, there is currently no formal mechanism to identify the number of Americans of Arab descent, thus impacting the ability of researchers to study psychological treatment with Arab Americans. In addition, many Arab Americans are refugees with exposure to trauma, highlighting the need for understanding the role of culture in trauma when working with this community. Implications of these issues pertinent to the Arab American community and the need for psychologists to act in advocacy roles are discussed.
Duodenal Switch: Technique and Outcomes

The biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) procedure is the most effective bariatric procedure for achieving maximal and long-standing weight loss. Furthermore, this is the most effective treatment for metabolic syndrome comorbidities. Nevertheless, the traditional BPD/DS procedure is technically challenging and carries significantly higher morbidity and mortality compared to other bariatric procedures such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). In addition, nutritional derangements are more common and require aggressive supplementation and long-term follow-up. Nevertheless, in properly selected patients with appropriate patient education, BPD/DS can be highly effective with minimal morbidity. Variations of this procedure have emerged to mitigate perioperative morbidity and long-term nutritional deficiencies, without significantly compromising the weight loss and metabolic syndrome reduction properties. The two most commonly performed variations include the single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI) and stomach intestinal pylorus-sparing (SIPS) surgery. The following chapter will discuss the role of the BPD/DS procedure in morbidly obese patients, as both a weight loss procedure and a metabolic procedure. Furthermore, a comparison to the newer modifications, the SADI and SIPS procedure, will be undertaken.
Compensation and More: Economics and Professionalism in Early Care and Education

Efforts toward achieving professional status for early care and education (ECE) are linked to economic and finance issues. The work to develop to the level of a full profession appears to parallel the development of nursing and elementary education. These professions share a history with ECE of being considered reproductive work performed in the home primarily not for pay. Development to the level of a full profession includes work on the understanding of the ECE knowledge base, an understanding of services and service markets, an understanding of finance and compensation issues, and the development of professional organizations and processes such as credentialing and accreditation. Research on economic and finance issues has supported efforts to professionalize the ECE field. As early care and education develops as a profession, continued research and analysis on a state and national level will provide critical knowledge about economic and finance issues. Insights into economic and finance functions in the market are useful in the development of the profession.
Avian biogeography of the Great Basin and Intermountain Region

There are no endemic species of birds in the Great Basin. Nevertheless, a distinctive Great Basin avifauna exists which contains components of the Mojave Desert, Rocky Mountain, and Great Plains avifaunas as well as species obligate to sagebrush and the pinyon-juniper forest. Seemingly there has been little spread of California and Sierra Nevada species eastward, but a westward extension from the Rocky Mountains of several species is indicated. While several Rocky Mountain species reach their western limits on the eastern edge of the Great Basin, others have extended into the eastern portion. Two Great Plains respresentatives are late arrivals, namely the Baltimore Oriole and Indigo Bunting, with evidence of introgression now occuring with related western species. A similar but longstanding situation exits for the flickers. A zone of hybridization occurs in northern Utah between two species of junco. A rather abrupt junction zone between the Great Basin and Mojave Desert avifaunas exists in southern Nevada and extreme southwestern Utah. Several species representing the Mohave Desert avifauna have extended their ranges in recent years into southern Utah. Geographically variable birds show diverse patterns of distribution along with much clinal variation and intergradation. A center of differentiation for four species occurs in western Utah in the eastern portion of the Great Basin while two more occur in the western portion of the Basin. The Wasatch Front is a dividing area between western and eastern races in several species. Extreme southwestern Utah constitutes a transition area where several species are represented by different races or intergradational populations. A study of the avifaunas of 14 boreal "islands" in isolated mountain ranges in western and southeastern Utah in comparison with the Rocky Mountain "continent" in central and northern Utah shows a close correlation between number of species present and habitat diversity. In addition, a low correlation exists between the number of species that are permanent residents on isolated mountains and the distance of those mountains from the "continent."
Independence and functional dependence relations on secrets

We study logical principles connecting two relations: independence, which is known as nondeducibility in the study of information flow, and functional dependence. Two different epistemic interpretations for these relations are discussed: semantics of secrets and probabilistic semantics. A logical system sound and complete with respect to both of these semantics is introduced and is shown to be decidable.
A Group for Families of Obsessive–Compulsive Persons:

Obsessive–compulsive disorder places formidable burdens on the affected person's family members, who not only experience the pain of seeing their loved one deteriorate but are frequently called upo...
Early Identification of Bleeding: Past Achievement, Current Limitations & Future Development

Early identification of progressing blood loss can assist lifesaving intervention and consequently increase the survival rate following a traumatic injury. However, owing to complex compensatory mechanisms, it is rather challenging to gain accurate and reliable insights pertaining to early-stage bleeding from the traditional indicators. The focus of the current manuscript is to comprehensively review the advantages and limitations of the existing technology facilitating triage decisions. Additionally, the manuscript discusses the potential future technology which can assist monitoring progression of blood loss via non-invasively extracted features from commonly employed vital sign monitors.
Depressive symptom prevalence after intracerebral hemorrhage: a multi-center study

Depressive symptoms in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are common and are associated with worse outcomes. It is not well described how often depressive symptoms are ascertained and treated in large unselected cohorts of patients, and whether depressive symptoms would be a potential target for improving outcomes. Data were electronically retrieved from a multi-center EHR repository in Chicago, IL, from 2006 to 2012 (“multicenter cohort”). In the multicenter cohort, we retrieved diagnostic codes and medication data from four university health systems across Chicago. In the single center cohort, we prospectively screened for depressive symptoms (NIH Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, PROMIS, T Score ≥ 60), at one, three and twelve months after ICH onset. It should be noted that not all depressive symptoms are optimally characterized through diagnostic codes. Diagnostic codes for depressive symptoms up to three months after ICH onset were recorded in 132 of 3422 (3.8%) of the multicenter cohort; fewer than 10% of patients received a typical medication to treat depressive symptoms, and < 2% one month later. In the single-center cohort, PROMIS assessments were indicative of depressive symptoms in 26 of 116 (22.4%), and depressive symptoms were more likely to be found with screening (OR 7.20, 95% CI 4.5–11.5, P < 0.0001). Results were similar up to 12 months after ICH. Depressive symptoms in patients with ICH are more common than medication treatment or a coded diagnosis in a multi-center cohort, and are a potential opportunity for additional treatment to improve outcomes. There are currently no AHA/ASA treatment guidelines for depression screening of patients with ICH.