cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation of Graphite Particles by Rotational/Spinning Abrasion and Their Characterization

Graphite particle generation by interpebble abrasion and by abrasion of pebbles with the containment vessel during operation of a pebble bed reactor is an issue of interest in the safety analysis of this class of very high temperature reactor. To understand particle generation, we have constructed an apparatus to generate graphite particles from preformed graphite hemispheres under rotational/spinning abrasive loading. We have initially used commercial-grade graphites in our experiments and have generated size distributions for the abraded particles, determined particle shapes, and measured the particle surface areas, pore volumes, and pore volume distributions of particles produced during abrasion of graphite surfaces under different conditions. The size distributions were studied using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer™ and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer.™ Most of the particles observed were in the range from 18.1 to 600 nm in diameter. The scanning electron micrographs showed that the particles tend to...
AIR PASSIVATION OF METAL HYDRIDE BEDS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL

Metal hydride beds offer compact, safe storage of tritium. After metal hydride beds have reached the end of their useful life, the beds will replaced with new beds and the old beds prepared for disposal. One acceptance criteria for hydride bed waste disposal is that the material inside the bed not be pyrophoric. To determine the pyrophoric nature of spent metal hydride beds, controlled air ingress tests were performed. A simple gas handling manifold fitted with pressure transducers and a calibrated volume were used to introduce controlled quantities of air into a metal hydride bed and the bed temperature rise monitored for reactivity with the air. A desorbed, 4.4 kg titanium prototype hydride storage vessel (HSV) produced a 4.4 C internal temperature rise upon the first air exposure cycle and a 0.1 C temperature rise upon a second air exposure. A total of 346 scc air was consumed by the bed (0.08 scc per gram Ti). A desorbed, 9.66 kg LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} prototype storage bed experienced larger temperature rises over successive cycles of air ingress and evacuation. The cycles were performed over a period of days with the bed effectively passivated after the 12th cycle. Nine to ten STP-Lmore » of air reacted with the bed producing both oxidized metal and water.« less
Managing Corporate Real Estate Assets: Current Executive Attitudes and Prospects for an Emergent Management Discipline

In 1987 MIT conducted a study of the management of buildings and land in large organizations not primarily in the real estate business. Senior real estate executives at 284 large US corporations an...
Crystallization of biologically active hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein dimers proteolytically cleaved from human parainfluenza virus type 1.

Abstract We isolated, purified, and characterized the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of human parainfluenza virus type 1, with the ultimate goal of producing crystals suitable for three-dimensional X-ray structure analysis. Pronase was used to cleave the globular head of the HN molecule directly from virus particles, forming HN monomers and dimers. The purified dimers retained neuraminidase and hemadsorption activity and were recognized by 14 anti-HN monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating intact HN antigenic structure and function. N-terminal sequence analysis of the dimers showed that cleavage had occurred at amino acid 136 or 137, freeing the C-terminal 438 or 439 amino acids. On electron micrography, the dimer appeared as two box-shaped structures, each approximately 5 by 5 nm. When the purified HN dimers were crystallized in hanging drops by vapor diffusion against 20% polyethylene glycol 3350, they formed both rectangular plates and needlelike crystals. The rectangular crystals diffracted X-rays, indicating an ordered atomic structure. However, the resolution was approximately 10 A (1 nm), insufficient for three-dimensional structural analysis. Experiments to improve the resolution by increasing the size and quality of the crystals are in progress.
Devolutionary pattern of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with angina pectoris: Coronary arteriographic studies

Abstract The devolutionary pattern of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with angina pectoris was studied in 47 persons cinearteriographically. Two subsets of patients were identified at the initial examination. The first comprised 12 patients who did not have coronary atherosclerosis. In these 12, the cinearteriographic findings remained normal on repeated study 15 to 73 months later. The second subset included 35 patients with severe obstructive coronary atherosclerosis. When coronary visualization was repeated 15 months later, arterial disease remained stable in 11 patients (31.4 percent). Significant progression of the arterial disease was observed in the remaining 24 patients (68.5 percent). The frequency of hyperlipidemia, clinical diabetes, systolic and diastolic hypertension and a positive family history of coronary heart disease was not significantly different in those with stable and progressive disease. Furthermore, the distribution of the initial disease did not distinguish one group from the other. Since collateral channels were more prolific in patients who ultimately were classified as having stable arterial disease, it is possible that the initial severity of disease in this group was greater than in those with progressive disease. None in the latter group noted a reduction in the frequency or severity of angina pectoris. One third of those with stable disease did record such a reduction. However, paradoxically, two patients with stable coronary disease had a new myocardial infarction in the interval between examinations. Our findings suggest that the devolutionary pattern of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with angina pectoris as observed cinearteriographicaliy is unpredictable and apparently unrelated to commonly cited risk factors. They indicate that the severity of angina pectoris is the most precise guide to progressive coronary artery disease even though progressive disease can occur without affecting angina. The occurrence of myocardial infarction in patients with stable disease underscores the fact that many determinants influencing myocardial perfusion are not identified by cinearteriography.
Convergence of Sequences II

In the previous chapter, we examined abstractly, four modes of convergence: convergence a.c., convergence in probability, L p convergence and Convergence in distribution; in addition, we had also explored the manner in which they are related to each other, and we had given conditions under which we may obtain convergence a.c., convergence in probability, or L p convergence for sequences of random variables. These last results, however, had been obtained on the assertion that the sequence(s) to which they were applied consisted of independent random variables. Moreover, the implicit framework of that discussion was one of scalar random variables. While many of the proofs easily generalize or, more appropriately, are applicable without modification, to sequences of random vectors, for some this is not the case. Specifically, in the proof of Proposition 11 and its related corollaries (in Chapter 3), we made explicit use of the natural order of the number system, and this does not lend itself, easily, to generalization in cases where we deal with entities more complicated than scalar random variables.
Preventive Dental Care: The Role of the Pediatrician

The pediatrician can assist the dental profession in preventing dental disease and maintaining the oral health of children. Pediatricians are urged to counsel parents in dietary and oral hygiene practices that will prevent dental caries and to refer patients for professional dental care when appropriate. Systemic fluoride supplements should be prescribed when needed but only after a careful review of requirements and daily consumption.
Prospective Study of Central Nervous System Function in Amateur Boxers in the United States

Active amateur boxers from six US cities were studied in 1986-1990 to determine whether changes in central nervous system function over a 2-year interval (as evaluated by tests of perceptual/motor function, attention/concentration, psychomotor speed, memory, visuoconstructional ability, and mental control, measures of ataxia and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials, and electroencephalography) were associated with degree of participation in amateur boxing. A total of 484 participants were examined at baseline; 393 (81.2%) were examined 2 years later. At baseline, 22% of the participants had not yet competed in a bout; 9% had never competed in a bout by the second examination. Exposure was defined by number bouts, sparring-years, and sparring with a professional boxer. Very few statistically significant odds ratios were found between exposure and change in function. Significant tests of trend were found between the total number of bouts incurred before the baseline examination and changes in memory, visuoconstructional ability, and perceptual/motor ability. The significant trends for change in function in the latter two domains were primarily due to performance on the Block Design test, which was common to both test domains. No statistically significant associations were found between more recent bouts (after the baseline visit) and any functional domains, nor between bouts or sparring and any other outcome measures. The significant trends with past bouts, but not more recent bouts, may reflect the need for a long latency period before effects are manifest. Alternatively, given changes in safety practices, the observed association may be related to more severe exposure from bouts that occurred before 1986, when new safety measures were imposed.
The Effects of a Novel Hormonal Breast Cancer Therapy, Endoxifen, on the Mouse Skeleton

Endoxifen has recently been identified as the predominant active metabolite of tamoxifen and is currently being developed as a novel hormonal therapy for the treatment of endocrine sensitive breast cancer. Based on past studies in breast cancer cells and model systems, endoxifen classically functions as an anti-estrogenic compound. Since estrogen and estrogen receptors play critical roles in mediating bone homeostasis, and endoxifen is currently being implemented as a novel breast cancer therapy, we sought to comprehensively characterize the in vivo effects of endoxifen on the mouse skeleton. Two month old ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle or 50 mg/kg/day endoxifen hydrochloride via oral gavage for 45 days. Animals were analyzed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. Serum from control and endoxifen treated mice was evaluated for bone resorption and bone formation markers. Gene expression changes were monitored in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and the cortical shells of long bones from endoxifen treated mice and in a human fetal osteoblast cell line. Endoxifen treatment led to significantly higher bone mineral density and bone mineral content throughout the skeleton relative to control animals. Endoxifen treatment also resulted in increased numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts per tissue area, which was corroborated by increased serum levels of bone formation and resorption markers. Finally, endoxifen induced the expression of osteoblast, osteoclast and osteocyte marker genes. These studies are the first to examine the in vivo and in vitro impacts of endoxifen on bone and our results demonstrate that endoxifen increases cancellous as well as cortical bone mass in ovariectomized mice, effects that may have implications for postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
Rapid Target-Specific Remodeling of Fast-Spiking Inhibitory Circuits after Loss of Dopamine

In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine depletion alters neuronal activity in the direct and indirect pathways and leads to increased synchrony in the basal ganglia network. However, the origins of these changes remain elusive. Because GABAergic interneurons regulate activity of projection neurons and promote neuronal synchrony, we recorded from pairs of striatal fast-spiking (FS) interneurons and direct- or indirect-pathway MSNs after dopamine depletion with 6-OHDA. Synaptic properties of FS-MSN connections remained similar, yet within 3 days of dopamine depletion, individual FS cells doubled their connectivity to indirect-pathway MSNs, whereas connections to direct-pathway MSNs remained unchanged. A model of the striatal microcircuit revealed that such increases in FS innervation were effective at enhancing synchrony within targeted cell populations. These data suggest that after dopamine depletion, rapid target-specific microcircuit organization in the striatum may lead to increased synchrony of indirect-pathway MSNs that contributes to pathological network oscillations and motor symptoms of PD.
Pyrolyzed chicken feather fibers for biobased composite reinforcement

An environment friendly, green composite design was demonstrated by producing an almost completely biorenewable and affordable material. Mildly pyrolyzed chicken feather fibers (PCFF) were incorporated in acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and methacrylated lauric acid (MLAU)-based thermosetting resin to provide reinforcement in low density and rubbery polymer appli- cations. The mechanical properties of the polymer composite, such as storage modulus, tensile modulus, tensile strength, and fracture energy were directly proportional to the fiber content. Varying the fiber content up to 32 wt % allowed for a wide tuning of mechan- ical properties (i.e., 20-300 MPa storage modulus and 10-150 MPa range at room temperature). Upon subjecting the CFFs to a strategic pyrolysis thermal history, the formation of isopeptide and ester bonds with limited protein backbone scission resulted in mechanical fiber integrity. Thermally stabilized PCFF have the potential for utilization in composite manufacturing, where typical manufacturing temperatures, especially in thermoplastic extrusion, exceed the untreated biobased fiber degradation temperature (215 � C). V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 128: 983-989, 2013
Urethral prolapse in female children.

Abstract Urethral prolapse in female children is relatively rare. This report presents a simple surgical technique which has been used effectively for this disorder. Other reported techniques of therapy are also discussed.
Half-lives of 204Tl, RaD and 207Bi

Counting and balanced ion chamber measurements have given half-lives as follows: Tl/sup 204/, 3.91 plus or minus 0.07 years; RaD, 20.4 plus or minus 0.3 years; and Bi/sup 207/, 30.2 plus or minus 0.5 years. (auth)
Analysis of Large-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump Systems for Residential Heating and Cooling in Austin, TX

This paper shares the results of an analysis of the energetic, emissions and economic balance of a simulated large-scale (multi-home) ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system in Austin, TX for heating and cooling. In contrast with traditional AC units and furnaces that use air outside of the house as a heat sink or source, GSHP systems use a ground loop heat exchanger to transfer heat to and from the soil where temperatures stay relatively constant throughout the year. GSHP systems operate more efficiently due to their use of the ground as a heat sink or source, whereas traditional AC units use the outside air. Consequently, GSHP systems typically use less energy than traditional HVAC units, but high capital costs have inhibited their widespread use. The monthly and annual energy costs for a home with a traditional AC unit-furnace are compared to a home with a GSHP system using hourly energy consumption data. The GSHP system modeled for the energy efficient home uses less energy (8.2 MMBtu) throughout the year compared to an efficient AC unit installed on the same home. Energy costs are lower using both the Austin Energy current rate schedule and for a proposed alternative schedule. Additionally, the GSHP system produces a net reduction in harmful emissions. Furthermore, GSHP systems reduce peak demand during the energy-intensive summer months, when air emissions are of greater concern. The installation costs for a large-scale residential GSHP system used in this research were based on interviews, current industry standards, and available pricing data. The analysis includes a sample case study of the cost of the GSHP system included with a home mortgage using a net monthly payment method and includes electricity price increases over time and federal tax incentives. If installed on a large scale, assuming best-case pricing with current federal tax incentives, the GSHP system case is $17 less per month than the traditional HVAC case. Federal tax incentives and high natural gas prices were found to make savings more significant for the GSHP system over time. Additionally, capital cost variability had a greater effect on savings than changes in electricity costs. Based on these analyses, large-scale GSHP systems are considered an economically feasible alternative to traditional HVAC units that will reduce energy consumption and air emissions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Identification of cortex in magnetic resonance images

The overall goal of the work described here is to make available to the neurosurgeon in the operating room an on-line, three-dimensional, anatomically labeled model of the patient brain, based on pre-operative magnetic resonance (MR) images. A stereotactic operating microscope is currently in experimental use, which allows structures that have been manually identified in MR images to be made available on-line. We have been working to enhance this system by combining image processing techniques applied to the MR data with an anatomically labeled 3-D brain model developed from the Talairach and Tournoux atlas. Here we describe the process of identifying cerebral cortex in the patient MR images. MR images of brain tissue are reasonably well described by material mixture models, which identify each pixel as corresponding to one of a small number of materials, or as being a composite of two materials. Our classification algorithm consists of three steps. First, we apply hierarchical, adaptive grayscale adjustments to correct for nonlinearities in the MR sensor. The goal of this preprocessing step, based on the material mixture model, is to make the grayscale distribution of each tissue type constant across the entire image. Next, we perform an initial classification of all tissue types according to gray level. We have used a sum of Gaussian's approximation of the histogram to perform this classification. Finally, we identify pixels corresponding to cortex, by taking into account the spatial patterns characteristic of this tissue. For this purpose, we use a set of matched filters to identify image locations having the appropriate configuration of gray matter (cortex), cerebrospinal fluid and white matter, as determined by the previous classification step.
Lagrange’s planetary equations for the motion of electrostatically charged spacecraft

A spacecraft that generates an electrostatic charge on its surface in a planetary magnetic field will be subject to a perturbative Lorentz force. Active modulation of the surface charge can take advantage of this electromagnetic perturbation to modify or to do work on the spacecraft’s orbit. Lagrange’s planetary equations are derived using the Lorentz force as the perturbation on a Keplerian orbit, incorporating orbital inclination and true anomaly for the first time for an electrostatically charged vehicle. The planetary equations reveal that orbital inclination is a second-order effect on the perturbation, explaining results found in earlier studies through numerical integration. All of the orbital elements are coupled, but the coupling notably does not depend on the magnitude of the electrostatic charge or on the strength of the magnetic field. Analytical expressions that characterize this coupling are tested with a propellantless escape example at Jupiter. A closed-form solution exists that constrains the set of equatorial orbits for which planetary escape is possible, and a sufficient condition is identified for escape from inclined orbits. The analytical solutions agree with results from the numerically integrated equations of motion to within a fraction of a percent.
Effects of THIP on chronic anxiety.

The effects of THIP, a GABA agonist, were examined in patients with anxiety disorders. Eight patients were prescribed THIP (5–20 mg) to be taken three times a day for 2 weeks in a single-blind study, with placebo conditions preceding and following the active drug period. Anxiety ratings significantly decreased on several measures during active drug treatment and increased again with placebo administration. However, the anxiolytic effects of THIP appeared to be weak and occurred at, or close to dose levels which induced sedation and undesirable side effects. As with other GABA agonists and GABA-mimetic drugs, side effects included giddiness, depersonalization, poor concentration, and transitory delirious states, suggesting that excessive stimulation of the GABAergic system may disrupt normal brain functioning.
Stabilization of transgenes delivered by recombinant adenovirus vectors through extrachromosomal replication.

Background A major limitation of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy for metabolic and inherited diseases is the instability of transgene expression in vivo. This instability results, at least in part, from the inability of the vector genome to maintain the transgene through the replication or integration. In this study we evaluated the possibility of stabilization of an adenovirus-delivered transgene by non-adenovirus replicative elements. Methods We have developed a novel system for the maintenance of transgenes delivered by adenovirus vectors through extrachromosomal replication. In its initial configuration, this system combines the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replicative elements, a tetracycline (Tc)-inducible expression system, and the Cre-lox recombination system in the context of a single E1/E3/E4-deleted adenovirus vector. Induction of Cre expression initiates a Cre-mediated recombination, resulting in the excision of a fragment of the vector genome and its circularization into an EBV-based episome. Results In vitro studies have demonstrated that excision of the circular episome can occur in a cell-free system as well as in cultured cells transfected with plasmid DNA or transduced by a virus vector carrying the episome-excising cassette. PCR studies have shown that in proliferating, non-permissive, cultured primate cells, the episome generated from the adenovirus vector is maintained much more stably than the genome of the parent vector. This episome was also able to replicate in mammalian cells. Conclusion Together these studies demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for the stabilization of transgenes delivered to dividing cells by adenovirus vectors. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear data sheets update for A = 210*

Abstract Evaluated spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A=210, and corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. This evaluation supersedes the earlier one by B. Harmatz (81Ha54), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 34 , 735 (1981).
What Oil Export Levels Should We Expect From OPEC

We analyze the levels of oil exports that should be expected from OPEC over the next 25 years. We search for a long-term, market-adaptive, robustly optimal strategy that best serves OPEC’s interests, and conclude that OPEC export profits will be higher if OPEC expands its oil exports by enough to maintain OPEC exports’ share of non-OPEC demand. Yet the incentives for this export expansion are relatively small – only a few percent in terms of discounted export profits – and it requires that OPEC be farsighted, because the higher export profits from faster export growth won’t be significant within the next decade. Moreover, if OPEC does maintain its exports’ share of non-OPEC demand, the continued rapid growth of OPEC’s own oil consumption will require that OPEC oil output will have to increase 60% by 2030, which will be a major challenge.
Anticholinergic activity of antipsychotic drugs in relation to their extrapyramidal effects

Antipsychotic drugs were evaluated with two indices of anticholinergic activity, mydriasis in mice in vivo and antagonism of carbamylcholine-induced contractions of guinea-pig tracheal strips in vitro. The drugs from most to least potent as oral mydriatic agents were mepazine, clozapine, thioridazine, promazine and chlorpromazine. Trifluoperazine, pimozide and haloperidol were inactive. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that anticholinergic activity of antipsychotic drugs is inversely related to their propensity to produce extrapyramidal effects in man. In vitro results appeared to predict the incidence of extraphyramidal effects less accurately than in vivo results.
The eye of power: the politics of world modeling

Rarely does a social scientific movement enjoy a more auspicious-or conspicuous-debut. The time is March 1972. The place is the Smithsonian Institution. Elliot Richardson, representing the current administration, is presiding. An audience of distinguished scientists, ambassadors, and public officials is assembled. The tone is serious, even urgent; and understandably so. For the occasion is the premiere of a scientific publication that has taken advantage of the most sophisticated computer modeling and forecasting
Generation of Polymerosomes from Double-Emulsions

Diblock copolymers are known to spontaneously organize into polymer vesicles. Typically, this is achieved through the techniques of film rehydration or electroformation. We present a new method for generating polymer vesicles from double emulsions. We generate precision water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions from the breakup of concentric fluid streams; the hydrophobic fluid is a volatile mixture of organic solvent that contains dissolved diblock copolymers. We collect the double emulsions and slowly evaporate the organic solvent, which ultimately directs the self-assembly of the dissolved diblock copolymers into vesicular structures. Independent control over all three fluid streams enables precision assembly of polymer vesicles and provides for highly efficient encapsulation of active ingredients within the polymerosomes. We also use double emulsions with several internal drops to form new polymerosome structures.
Optical nonlinearities and multiexciton statistics in semiconductor nanocrystals in the regime of carrier multiplication

We analyze band-edge optical nonlinearities and carrier-population statistics in PbSe nanocrystals in the regime when high-order multiexcitons with multiplicity up to seven are generated via carrier multiplication by single absorbed photons.
Editorial: Remote Sensing for Environmental Studies

The need for next-generation sensors for exploring the dynamics and interactions between natural systems and human society is greater now than ever in the field of environmental informatics. These new and existing optical and microwave sensors should have enhanced the detection capabilities, preferably stand-off, and be sufficiently rugged to provide detection to warn to environmental change in diverse and extreme environments. Data streams from such optical and microwave remote sensing sensors, either air-borne and/or space-borne must be integrated and processed so that the data is realized at the level of the user in a simple and clear format to allow for rapid decision making by environmental managers. Though many technology barriers currently exist to achieve these desired sensor features, it is believed that the combined insights, know-how and capabilities of the cross-disciplinary teams of scientists and engineers in the world can overcome several of these barriers to achieve the development of required detection capabilities for environmental uses based on the current satellites available. It is the aim of this special issue to present the multidisciplinary studies, which demonstrate some of the success in the field of remote sensing for the environment. This special issue therefore collects six papers to explore several challenges both in the atmospheric and terrestrial environments.
Absorption of a quantum in a D1/D5 system

Abstract In Nucl. Phys. B 615 (2001) 285 [ hep-th/0107113 ], the wave equation for a minimally coupled scalar was studied in the geometry of a D1/D5 system with non-zero angular momentum. The probability for a quantum to enter the throat was computed by taking small a parameter γ which is associated with the value of the angular momentum. In the leading order in γ , the result was found to agree with the dual CFT result. In this Letter, we report on an observation that there are corrections of higher order in γ . Our results should be useful for determining the higher order correction terms that the dual CFT needs in order to incorporate the presence of the ‘capped’ geometry.
Polyester adhesion to chromium‐coated steel for poly(ethylene terepthalate) and an isophthalate copolymer

The performance of PET [poly(ethylene terephthalate)] and a copolymer of PET has been tested as an adhesive for chromium-coated steel. Crystallinity in the polyesters is found to limit adhesion, probably by restricting chain mobility. Lamination temperatures above the melting point of each polyester give the best adhesion. Degradation of the polyesters at yet higher temperature resulted in both reduced polymer cohesion and adhesion. Optimum bonding to steel was obtained at lamination temperatures between 230 and 275°C for the copolyester and between 280 and 300°C for PET. The standard laminate compression time was 15 min at 50 kg/cm2. Adhesion was evaluated by the ASTM T-peel test. Assessments were made by both the peel energy and the peak load for peel.
Separation of Some Tobacco Alkaloids by Gas Chromatography

GAS chromatography has been employed in separating numerous types of compounds, but has not yet been applied to the alkaloids, a field where it might find particular utility. We wish to report preliminary results clearly indicating the usefulness of gas chromatography in the study of the tobacco alkaloids. Other families of alkaloids having slight volatility and good thermal stability may also prove to be separable under similar conditions.
Moving in the Wrong Direction in Social Movement Theory

A discussion of Barbara Epstein, Political Protest & Cultural Revolution: Nonviolent Direct Action in the 1970s and 1980s (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991); Arturo Escobar and Sonia Alvarez, editors, The Making of Social Movements in Latin America: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992); Aldon Morris and Carol Mueller, editors, Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992).
SOCIAL CONCEPT ATTAINMENT AND COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY

Using behavioral stimuli, a method for studying social concept attainment was developed which required S to articulate differences within dimensions as well as differentiate between dimensions. While no over-all performance differences on this task were found as a function of cognitive complexity, the high-complexity judges tended to identify non-exemplars more accurately than low-complexity judges. No relation between performance on the physical concept attainment task and performance on the social concept attainment task was found.
Review of Life on the Tenure Track: Lessons from the First Year by J.M. Lang

Purpose – To provide an introspective review of one author's account of his first year in a tenure‐track academic career and general recommendations that can be drawn therefrom.Design/methodology/approach – A critique of the book Life on the Tenure Track: Lessons from the First Year is presented to assist individuals pursuing or newly engaged in a tenure‐track academic position or to aid those serving as mentors of pre‐tenure faculty members. Areas addressed are balancing professional and personal life domains, teaching, research, service, publishing and tenure.Findings – A central theme emerges suggesting that more information and formal and informal guidance are needed to assist new faculty members during the transition into academic positions. A number of practical suggestions and resources are provided.Practical implications – A practical resource for new faculty members and graduate students planning to pursue a position in academia. Also a valuable source for administrators or senior faculty members...
Direct visualization of β phase causing intergranular forms of corrosion in Al–Mg alloys

Abstract For a more effective examination of microstructure in Al–Mg alloys, a new etching solution has been developed; dissolved ammonium persulfate in water. It is demonstrated how β phase (Al3Mg2) in Al–Mg alloys respond to this solution using samples of a binary Al–Mg alloy and a commercial 5083 aluminum alloy. Nanometer sized β phase is clearly visualized for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) instead of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is anticipated that direct and unambiguous visualization of β phase will greatly augment intergranular corrosion research in 5xxx series aluminum alloys.
Selectionism and Neutralism in Molecular Evolution

Charles Darwin proposed that evolution occurs primarily by natural selection, but this view has been controversial from the beginning. Two of the major opposing views have been mutationism and neutralism. Early molecular studies suggested that most amino acid substitutions in proteins are neutral or nearly neutral and the functional change of proteins occurs by a few key amino acid substitutions. This suggestion generated an intense controversy over selectionism and neutralism. This controversy is partially caused by Kimura's definition of neutrality, which was too strict (|2Ns|< or =1). If we define neutral mutations as the mutations that do not change the function of gene products appreciably, many controversies disappear because slightly deleterious and slightly advantageous mutations are engulfed by neutral mutations. The ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution to that of synonymous substitution is a useful quantity to study positive Darwinian selection operating at highly variable genetic loci, but it does not necessarily detect adaptively important codons. Previously, multigene families were thought to evolve following the model of concerted evolution, but new evidence indicates that most of them evolve by a birth-and-death process of duplicate genes. It is now clear that most phenotypic characters or genetic systems such as the adaptive immune system in vertebrates are controlled by the interaction of a number of multigene families, which are often evolutionarily related and are subject to birth-and-death evolution. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanisms of gene family interaction for understanding phenotypic evolution. Because gene duplication occurs more or less at random, phenotypic evolution contains some fortuitous elements, though the environmental factors also play an important role. The randomness of phenotypic evolution is qualitatively different from allele frequency changes by random genetic drift. However, there is some similarity between phenotypic and molecular evolution with respect to functional or environmental constraints and evolutionary rate. It appears that mutation (including gene duplication and other DNA changes) is the driving force of evolution at both the genic and the phenotypic levels.
Distribution of Pain in Myocardial Infarction

In acute myocardial infarction the possible relation of localization and radiation of the pain to the localization and extent of the infarct has engaged the interest of many clinicians. The clinical records, electrocardiograms, and autopsy protocols of 104 cases of myocardial infarction were carefully examined to determine if there is an association between the location and extent of involved myocardium and the radiation of pain to "atypical" sites such as the back and the epigastrium.
Apolipoprotein A-II Production Rate Is a Major Factor Regulating the Distribution of Apolipoprotein A-I Among HDL Subclasses LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II in Normolipidemic Humans

Abstract HDLs are heterogeneous in their apolipoprotein composition. Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II are the major proteins found in HDL and form the two major HDL subclasses: those that contain only apoA-I (LpA-I) and those that contain both apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I:A-II). Substantial evidence indicates that these two subclasses differ in their in vivo metabolism and effect on atherosclerosis, with LpA-I the more specifically protective subfraction against atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of apoA-I and apoA-II production and catabolism on plasma LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II levels. Fifty normolipidemic subjects (those with HDL cholesterol levels in the top and bottom tenth percentiles were excluded) underwent kinetic studies with radiolabeled apoA-I and apoA-II, and the kinetic parameters of apoA-I and apoA-II were correlated with LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II levels. ApoA-I levels were strongly correlated with apoA-I residence times and less strongly correlated with apoA-I production rates. In contrast, apoA-II levels were correlated only with apoA-II production rates and not with apoA-II residence times. Levels of apoA-I in LpA-I were correlated with apoA-I residence times, whereas levels of apoA-I in LpA-I:A-II were correlated primarily with apoA-II production rates. The fraction of apoA-I in LpA-I was highly inversely correlated with apoA-II production rate ( r =−.67, P <.001). In multiple regression analysis, apoA-II production rate was the most significant independent variable determining percent apoA-I in LpA-I among all the kinetic parameters. These results indicate that in normolipidemic individuals (1) apoA-I levels are regulated primarily by apoA-I catabolism and apoA-II levels by apoA-II production; (2) the rate of catabolism of apoA-I is an important factor determining LpA-I levels, while the rate of apoA-II production is the major determinant of the amount of apoA-I in LpA-I:A-II; and (3) the rate of apoA-II production is a major factor determining the distribution of apoA-I between LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II, thereby possibly modulating susceptibility to atherosclerosis in humans.
The langevin model for turbulent diffusion

Abstract The Lagrangian approach to turbulent diffusion is considered through an improved Langevin model approach. The improved model partially accounts for the interaction between pressure and viscous stresses, an interaction not included in previous studies. The model is used to obtain one and two particle dispersion relations and it permits calculation of Eulerian-Lagrangian scale relations. Turbulence Reynolds number and time span limits for Richardson's law of diffusion are obtained. Non-stationarity of the acceleration between two particles is discussed as it relates to Richardson's law and the conclusions are considered in view of both laboratory and geophysical fluid dynamical data.
Assessment of ice particle growth processes at dye-3, Greenland

Abstract As part of the DGASP program on the Greenland Ice Sheet, an investigation was conducted into the nature of ice particle formation processes that result in the formation of snow. Ice particle habits were determined using Formvar replicas of falling snow crystals. From these measurements an assessment of the primary growth process and altitude of formation was made. Results indicate that the scavenging of cloud water by falling ice particles, growth by accretion or riming, rarely occurs. However, when riming does occur, it is usually associated with warmer air masses from the south. The occurrence of riming was also observed to be dependent on the season, with a greater frequency occurring during warmer months. It was estimated that ice particle riming contributes less than 5% of the average annual water mass, but up to 30% of the deposition of some chemical species, deposited to the Greenland Ice Sheet at Dye 3. Ice particle habits indicate that they originate at higher altitudes above the ice cap in summer than in winter. Variations in the magnitude of ice particle riming, the elevation of origin of ice particles, the meteorology and the season of the year are all essential when interpreting snow chemistry and comparing snow and aerosol chemistry at Dye 3.
A Coupled Aeroelastic Model for Launch Vehicle Stability Analysis

A technique for incorporating distributed aerodynamic normal forces and aeroelastic coupling effects into a stability analysis model of a launch vehicle is presented. The formulation augments the linear state-space launch vehicle plant dynamics that are compactly derived as a system of coupled linear differential equations representing small angular and translational perturbations of the rigid body, nozzle, and sloshing propellant coupled with normal vibration of a set of orthogonal modes. The interaction of generalized forces due to aeroelastic coupling and thrust can be expressed as a set of augmenting non-diagonal stiffness and damping matrices in modal coordinates with no penalty on system order. While the eigenvalues of the structural response in the presence of thrust and aeroelastic forcing can be predicted at a given flight condition independent of the remaining degrees of freedom, the coupled model provides confidence in closed-loop stability in the presence of rigid-body, slosh, and actuator dynamics. Simulation results are presented that characterize the coupled dynamic response of the Ares I launch vehicle and the impact of aeroelasticity on control system stability margins.
Good to great: Lessons for managers

Purpose – Jim Collins' Good to Great is but one of many popular press books on management. In his book, Collins discusses the keys to success for today's corporations. Many managers flocked to bookstores to discover what they might be missing in making their organization great. This paper aims to use methodologies more commonly found in the finance literature to validate the results of Collins' study.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses methodologies more commonly found in finance literature (e.g. event study methodology, Fama‐French three‐factor model with momentum, buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns) to validate the results of Collins' study.Findings – The results show that the Good to Great firms had unexceptional performance when compared to other benchmark lists of firms, on an ex‐ante or ex‐post basis.Practical implications – From a management perspective, the advice that one might obtain from Good to Great should be carefully examined by managers before they implement it, only to find that grea...
Echocardiographic abnormalities in infants of diabetic mothers

In order to evaluate the presence of myocardial hypertrophy and/or abnormalities of postnatal cardiovascular adaptation, echocardiograms were performed on 34 infants of diabetic mothers. Based on cardiopulmonary assessment, the IDM were divided into three groups: Group I with congestive heart failure predominating: Group II with respiratory distress predominating: Group III asymptomatic. Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and of the walls of left and right ventricles was frequently present in IDM; this change was most notable in association with clinical CHF. Six IDM, four of whom were found to have CHF, had additional echocardiographic signs of subaortic stenosis. All IDM had normal indices of left ventricular performance, despite the presence of CHF. In IDM with respiratory distress, the right ventricular pre-ejection period to ventricular ejection time ratio was elevated, suggesting an abnormality of the transitional pulmonary circulation. Poor maternal diabetes control and maternal systemic hypertension were closely correlated with evidence of myocardial hypertrophy in the infants.
Citizen Explorer-I: an Earth observer with new small satellite technology

Abstract Citizen Explorer-I (CX-I), designed and built by students at Colorado Space Grant Consortium in Boulder to provide global ozone monitoring, employs a unique mission architecture and several innovative technologies during its mission. The mission design allows K-12 schools around the world to be involved as ground stations available to receive science data and telemetry from CX-I. Another important technology allows the spacecraft to be less reliant on ground operators using mission-specific software packages. Within the communications system of CX-I, Internet protocols are the main method for communicating with the satellite. As Internet protocols have not been widely used in satellite communication, CX-I provides an opportunity to study the effectiveness of using Internet protocols over radio links. The attitude determination and control system (ADCS) on CX-I uses a unique gravity gradient boom design constructed of tape measure material. These new technologies’ effectiveness will be tested for use on future small satellite projects within the space satellite industry.
Efficacy and safety of bivalirudin in patients receiving clopidogrel therapy after diagnostic angiography for percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes

Objectives: This study sought to investigate if the efficacy of bivalirudin monotherapy is similar to heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibition in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) treated with clopidogrel following diagnostic angiography. Background: Prior trials have demonstrated that peri-procedural bivalirudin therapy confers similar efficacy as heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, while lowering the risk of bleeding complications in ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervnetions (PCI). However, the incidence of adverse ischemic events post-PCI appeared to be higher in patients receiving bivalirudin without adequate pretreatment with clopidogrel. Methods: Using the 2004/2005 Cornell Angioplasty Registry, we evaluated 980 consecutive patients undergoing urgent PCI for UA/NSTEMI who were treated with either bivalirudin or UFH plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. We excluded patients who were on chronic clopidogrel therapy or received clopidogrel pretreatment prior to angiography. All patients received a clopidogrel load (≥300-mg dose) immediately before or after the PCI. Long-term all-cause mortality was obtained for 100% of patients, with a mean follow-up of 24.6 ± 7.7 months. Results: Of the 980 study patients, 461 (47.0%) were treated with bivalirudin and 519 (53.0%) patients received UFH plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. DES were used in 88% of PCI; 45% of patients presented with NSTEMI. The incidence of in-hospital death (0.4% vs. 0.2%, P = 0.604), post-procedural MI (6.9% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.351), and MACE including death, stroke, emergent CABG/PCI, and MI (7.6% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.304) were similar in patients treated with bivalirudin versus UFH plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, respectively. The incidence of in-hospital stent thrombosis was similar (0.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.104), while major (0.9% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.034) and minor bleeding (10.4% vs. 18.9%, P < 0.001) was reduced in the bivalirudin-treated group. By two-years of follow-up, after propensity-score adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis, there was no significant difference in long-term mortality between the two groups (HR 1.18; 95%CI 0.64–2.19, P = 0.598). Conclusions: In patients presenting with ACS and receiving clopidogrel treatment after angiography (before or within 30 min of PCI), peri-procedural bivalirudin monotherapy suppresses acute and long-term adverse events to a similar extent as does UFH plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, while significantly lowering the risk of bleeding complications. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.