cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel in vitro model of lymphatic metastasis from colorectal cancer.

Introduction For many types of cancers, successful metastasis is critically dependent on tumor cell survival under flow conditions in the lymphatic system as well as attachment to the lymphatic endothelium at distal sites. In the lymphatic system, tumor cells are exposed to dynamic forces of laminar shear stress; however, there are currently no models to study the effects of these dynamic fluid forces on colorectal cancer metastasis. This study aims to establish the rudiments of an in vitro flow system that mimics the conditions to which tumor colorectal cancer cells (CRCCs) are exposed during lymphatic spread. Methods Human CRCCs (RKO and HCT-8) were cultured on collagen-1 coated glass slides in 10% fetal bovine serum, and grown until 50% confluence under static conditions. Subconfluent cells were then treated with laminar shear stress (1.2 dynes/cm 2 ) using a Flexcell Streamer (Flexcell International Corp., Hillsborough, NC) parallel plate chamber for up to 48 h, in the continued presence of serum. Control conditions consisted of cells maintained under static conditions (0 dynes/cm 2 ). Cells were examined with digital microscopy. Cell number was determined directly by cell count. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor C levels were measured by Western blot. Results CRCCs survived under conditions of lymphatic flow (1.2 dynes/cm 2 ), and were confluent by 48 h. Although a small number of cells (10% to 15%) initially detached upon exposure to shear stress, the majority of cells remained attached, and mitotic cells were observed. Cells demonstrated increased attachment and spreading under lymphatic flow compared with cells kept under control conditions. Cell number increased in cells treated with both lymphatic flow and static conditions by similar amounts until confluence was achieved. Cleaved products of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and caspase-3 were not observed. MMP-2, MMP-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor C were expressed to similar degrees at all time points in cells exposed to lymphatic flow. Conclusions Using a novel in vitro model of lymphatic flow, we describe colorectal tumor cell proliferation and expression of peptides critical to lymphatic spread under flow conditions. The ability to model lymphatic spread in vitro will allow additional studies to determine mechanisms of tumor cell survival in the lymphatic system.
The Posh Hairdo Salon Case

The Posh Hairdo Salon (PHS) case is a practical research exercise for use in an upper‐level undergraduate accounting information systems (AIS) course. In this case, students critically evaluate the appropriateness of popular accounting software applications and application service provider (ASP) solutions for a rapidly growing small business. To complete the case requirements, students must possess a basic understanding of business processes, transaction cycles, and accounting reporting systems. Students must also use the Internet to research and familiarize themselves with the functionality and features of the accounting software options, study readings from the professional literature, construct a written system requirements analysis and a comparative software options evaluation, and justify a final recommendation. Teaching Notes and case extensions appear in the latter sections of the paper; one possible grading key and an alternative case scenario appear as appendices.
A new method of capacitance measurement

Three circuits for measuring capacitors are presented. These circuits form a sequence in that each succeeding circuit is an improvement in comparison with the previous one. Each circuit employs a rectifier, and each circuit is excited by a square-wave voltage. Analyses are provided, and sensitivities and laboratory results are given. >
Preferred WMSA catalytic mechanism of the nucleotidyl transfer reaction in human DNA polymerase κ elucidates error-free bypass of a bulky DNA lesion

Human DNA Pol κ is a polymerase enzyme, specialized for near error-free bypass of certain bulky chemical lesions to DNA that are derived from environmental carcinogens present in tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust and cooked food. By employing ab initio QM/MM–MD (Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics–Molecular Dynamics) simulations with umbrella sampling, we have determined the entire free energy profile of the nucleotidyl transfer reaction catalyzed by Pol κ and provided detailed mechanistic insights. Our results show that a variant of the Water Mediated and Substrate Assisted (WMSA) mechanism that we previously deduced for Dpo4 and T7 DNA polymerases is preferred for Pol κ as well, suggesting its broad applicability. The hydrogen on the 3′-OH primer terminus is transferred through crystal and solvent waters to the γ-phosphate of the dNTP, followed by the associative nucleotidyl transfer reaction; this is facilitated by a proton transfer from the γ-phosphate to the α,β-bridging oxygen as pyrophosphate leaves, to neutralize the evolving negative charge. MD simulations show that the near error-free incorporation of dCTP opposite the major benzo[a]pyrene—derived dG lesion is compatible with the WMSA mechanism, allowing for an essentially undisturbed pentacovalent phosphorane transition state, and explaining the bypass of this lesion with little mutation by Pol κ.
A study of Particle Swarm Optimization on leukocyte adhesion molecules and control strategies for smart prosthetic hand

Hard computing based optimization algorithms usually require a lot of computational resources and generally do not have the ability to arrive at the global optimum solution. Soft computing algorithms on the other hand negate these deficiencies, by allowing for reduced computational loads and the ability to find global optimal solutions, even for complex cost surfaces. This paper presents two numerical case studies where a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to biomedical problems. In particular, the problem of identifying the rupture force for leukocyte adhesion molecules and the problem of finding the correct control parameters of a robotic hand, are addressed. Simulation results indicate that PSO is a feasible alternative to the computational expensive hard computing algorithms.
Simultaneous Determination of Nonderivatized Phenylpropanolamine, Glyceryl Guaiacolate, Chlorpheniramine, and Dextromethorphan by Gas Chromatography

A gas chromatographic procedure is described for the rapid and quantitative determination of phenylpropanolamine, glyceryl guaiacolate, chlorpheniramine, and dextromethorphan in a commercially available cough-cold preparation. Pramoxine is used as the internal standard. The active ingredients are extracted in chloroform and injected without further treatment. A single chromatogram, obtained isothermally, quantitatively resolves all four ingredients.
Basal Cell Carcinoma on the Scalp of an Indian Patient

BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy in whites, but it rarely occurs in dark persons. OBJECTIVE To report a BCC on the hairy scalp of an Asian Indian female with no obvious risk factors except previous scalp trauma. METHODS We review the English literature concerning BCC in Indians, and compare this with data for North American blacks and whites; and reports of BCC arising in areas of prior trauma. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Skin cancer accounts for 1–2% of malignancies in blacks and Indians, compared with one-third of neoplasms in whites. BCC comprises 75% of skin cancers in whites, but squamous cell carcinoma represents 60–65% of skin cancers in blacks and Indians. Although most BCCs occur in sun-exposed areas in whites, blacks, and Indians, a significant percentage also develop in photoprotected areas. Trauma may be a significant risk factor for BCC, either with actinic damage or alone, as in our case.
Downslope Flows on a Low-Angle Slope and Their Interactions with Valley Inversions. Part I: Observations

Thermally driven downslope flows were investigated on a low-angle (1.6°) slope on the west side of the floor of Utah’s Salt Lake Valley below the Oquirrh Mountains using data from a line of four tethered balloons running down the topographic gradient and separated by about 1 km. The study focused on the evolution of the temperature and wind structure within and above the slope flow layer and its variation with downslope distance. In a typical situation, on clear, undisturbed October nights a 25-m-deep temperature deficit of 7°C and a 100–150-m-deep downslope flow with a jet maximum speed of 5–6 m s 1 at 10–15 m AGL developed over the slope during the first 2 h following sunset. The jet maximum speed and the downslope volume flux increased with downslope distance. The downslope flows weakened in the late evening as the stronger down-valley flows expanded to take up more of the valley atmosphere and as ambient stability increased in the lower valley with the buildup of a nocturnal temperature inversion. Downslope flows over this low-angle slope were deeper and stronger than has been reported previously by other investigators, who generally investigated steeper slopes and, in many cases, slopes on the sidewalls of isolated mountains where the downslope flows are not subject to the influence of nighttime buildup of ambient stability within valleys.
The Effect of the Balcones Escarpment on Three Cases of Extreme Precipitation in Central Texas

AbstractThe proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and local topography makes central Texas particularly prone to heavy precipitation and deadly flood events. Specifically, the Balcones Escarpment, located in central Texas, creates extremely favorable hydrologic characteristics for damaging floods. Urban centers such as San Antonio and Austin, Texas, are located along this terrain feature and have suffered at times, even with mitigation strategies, catastrophic flood damage. While the hydrologic effects of the Balcones Escarpment are well known, the meteorological impacts are uncertain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the Balcones Escarpment in three cases of extreme precipitation in which the rainfall was maximized near the escarpment. Numerical simulations for each event were run at convection-allowing grid spacing using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and were used as control runs. Then, the Balcones Escarpment was removed by moving the associated terrain gradient to th...
Perceived Exertion A Review

Physical therapists are well aware of the physiological responses to exercise. The process by which these underlying mechanisms contribute to the perceptual response of perceived exertion is generally less familiar. The purpose of this article is to summarize briefly some of the current major concepts about perceived exertion and to indicate, where possible, the potential significance of these concepts for physical therapy.
A Look at Flexibilities and Elasticities

Economists have developed a carefully reasoned network of theoretical restrictions applying to price and income elasticities of demand. Yet, because supplies of many farm-produced commodities are fixed in the short run, agricultural economists often find that price flexibilities are more useful and easier to measure empirically, especially in marketwide situations. Theoretical restrictions on demand elasticities imply a complete, largely unexplored set of corresponding restrictions among price flexibilities. These flexibility conditions apply to column sums, row sums, and cross-coefficient symmetry within a multicommodity flexibility matrix. As with elasticities, the theoretical relationships among price flexibilities have implications for applied research.
Studies on Odontoloxozus longicornis (Diptera: Neriidae). Part II. Distribution and Ecology

Odontoloxozus longicornis (Coquillett) was reared from field-collected cacti, and laboratory colonies have been continued for several generations. Seven genera of cacti, namely, Opuntia, Lemaireocereus, Neobuxbaumia, Pachycereus, Myrtillocactus, Cerens (or Carnegiea), and Echinocactus , have been shown to be breeding foci for this fly under field conditions in Mexico and in California and Arizona. Some Texas specimens in the U. S. National Museum were reared from decomposing roots and stems of the papaya plant. New distribution records include 5 counties in Southern California, 5 counties in Arizona, 3 counties in Texas, and 7 Mexican states.
A Pseudo-Spectral Numerical Scheme For The Simulation Of Steady And Pulsatile Flows

The objective of the present work is to present and validate a pseudospectral numerical scheme, based on a variational formulation, for the solution of the three-dimensional, time-dependent governing equations in wall bounded forced and natural convective flows. One of the novel aspects of this numerical scheme is the use of rescaled Legendre-Lagrangian interpolants to represent the velocity and temperature in one direction. These interpolants were obtained by dividing the Legendre Lagrangian interpolants of same order by the square root of the corresponding weight used for Gauss-Lobatto quadrature. Results from two specific problems are presented as part of the validation process: Steady and unsteady channel flow driven by an external streamwise pressure gradient oscillating sinusoidally about a mean, and Rayleigh Benard convection.
Sequential thiol click reactions: formation of ternary thiourethane/thiol-ene networks with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.

We report the physical properties of thiol–ene networks modified with thiourethane or urethane linkages, either along the main chain or as a branched component in the network, respectively. Because of the robust and orthogonal nature of thiol-isocyanate and thiol–ene reactions, these networks can be formed in a two-step, one-pot synthesis. Resultant networks were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, mechanical testing and other complementary techniques. It was found that incorporating (thio)urethanes into the networks increased Tg, but also increased strain at break and toughness while decreasing cross-link density. The changes in physical properties are discussed in terms of a proposed dual network morphology. These facile modifications to thiol–ene networks demonstrate how molecular-level, nanoscale changes can have a profound influence on the macroscale properties through hierarchical development of network morphology.
Treatment of subcutaneous abscesses in children with incision and loop drainage: A simplified method of care

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to expand on our previous report of 115 patients after more than a decade-long experience using incision and loop drainage for pediatric subcutaneous abscess management. This report comprises the largest consecutive series of pediatric abscess patients from a single institution ever recorded. Methods A retrospective study was performed of all pediatric patients who underwent incision and loop drainage of subcutaneous abscesses at our institution between January 2002 and December 2014. Technique Two sub 5mm incisions were made at the periphery on the abscess. The abscess cavity was probed to break down loculations and drain pus. The abscess cavity was irrigated with normal saline. A loop drain was passed through one incision and brought out through the other. A simple absorbent dressing was applied over the drain. Results Five hundred seventy-six consecutive patients underwent loop drainage procedures. Mean values are as follows: age, 3.84years; duration of symptoms, 6.17days; postoperative length of stay (with 4 outliers excluded), 0.69days; drain duration, 8.38days; and number of postoperative visits, 1.28. Twenty-six patients had reoperations (4.5%), 2 of which were planned staged excisions of pilonidal cysts and 1 because of accidental home removal. Conclusions Micro-incisions and loop drainage is a safe and effective treatment modality for subcutaneous abscesses in children. The findings eliminate the need for repetitive wound packing and simplify postoperative wound care. Loop drainage offers shorter time to discharge, lower recurrence rates, and minimal scarring. Additionally, there is expected cost reduction. We recommend this minimally invasive procedure to be the standard of care for subcutaneous abscesses in children. Type of study Treatment study – retrospective review. Level of evidence Level IV – case series with no comparison group.
Proliferation-independent regulation of organ size by Fgf/Notch signaling

Organ morphogenesis depends on the precise orchestration of cell migration, cell shape changes and cell adhesion. We demonstrate that Notch signaling is an integral part of the Wnt and Fgf signaling feedback loop coordinating cell migration and the self-organization of rosette-shaped sensory organs in the zebrafish lateral line system. We show that Notch signaling acts downstream of Fgf signaling to not only inhibit hair cell differentiation but also to induce and maintain stable epithelial rosettes. Ectopic Notch expression causes a significant increase in organ size independently of proliferation and the Hippo pathway. Transplantation and RNASeq analyses revealed that Notch signaling induces apical junctional complex genes that regulate cell adhesion and apical constriction. Our analysis also demonstrates that in the absence of patterning cues normally provided by a Wnt/Fgf signaling system, rosettes still self-organize in the presence of Notch signaling.
Early Experience with Snorkels and Chimneys for Expanding the Indications for Use of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

Background Although fenestrated and branched devices for juxtarenal and paravisceral aneurysms are available worldwide, limited ultrasound availability has perpetuated widespread utilization of adjunctive techniques for the endovascular treatment of these aneurysms. The objective of the study is to report on the technical feasibility and short-term durability of parallel grafts for juxtarenal and paravisceral aneurysms. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively collected endovascular aneurysm repair database, including all patients who underwent a parallel stent procedure. End points included were the following: (1) number of vessels snorkeled; (2) endoleaks; (3) morbidity and mortality; and (4) snorkel graft patency. Results Forty patients (85% male, mean 77.8 years) were treated for primary aneurysms (26), para-anastomotic aneurysms (6) following prior open repair, and endoleaks (8) following prior endovascular repair. Sixty-nine visceral vessels were preserved. Bilateral femoral arteries were accessed, as well as the left upper extremity via percutaneous ( n = 5) brachial, open brachial ( n = 15), or open axillary ( n = 20) artery exposure with conduit. The mean length of surgery was 253 min with median intensive care unit stay of 2 days. There were 6 endoleaks noted, 8 access site complications, 1 perioperative death, and 3 branch vessel stent occlusions. We have a mean follow-up time of 17.6 months (range 3–44). Conclusions Parallel stent-graft repair for paravisceral aneurysms is feasible and has acceptable technical/clinical success and complication rates. Although long-term follow-up is still needed, this technique fills the gap in endovascular options for poor open surgical candidates in whom fenestrated devices are not available.
Measuring Board of Director Performance: An Overview and Future Research Opportunities1

This article provides a brief overview of the literature on board of director performance, highlighting the difficulties in attempting to directly measure the performance of boards of directors and how various studies have tackled this challenge. As an illustration, I show that two current measures of board of director performance, board meeting activity and director attendance, suggest that the boards of Asian firms do not compare favorably to the boards of firms from developed markets. Suggestions for future research on the performance of corporate boards are provided, as well as implications for board of director practices in Asia.
A Generalized Cost Model for DCJ-Indel Sorting

The double-cut-and-join operation (DCJ) is a fundamental graph operation that is used to model a variety of genome rearrangements. However, DCJs are only useful when comparing genomes with equal (or nearly equal) gene content. One obvious extension of the DCJ framework supplements DCJs with insertions and deletions of chromosomes and chromosomal intervals, which implies a model in which DCJs receive unit cost, whereas insertions and deletions receive a nonnegative cost of ω. This paper proposes a unified model finding a minimum-cost transformation of one genome (with circular chromosomes) into another genome for any value of ω. In the process, it resolves the open case ω > 1.
"You Trying to Make Me Feel Stupid or Something?": Countering Dehumanization of Latin@ Youth through a Liberating Pedagogy of Praxis.

This ongoing ethnographic study examines how a counter-space, La Libertad, introduces Latin@ students to a liberating pedagogy of praxis which counters dehumanization they experience in their high ...
Fossils for Amateurs: A Guide to Collecting and Preparing Invertebrate Fossils, by Russell P. Macfall and Jay Wollin (Second Edition).

This volume is written for the amateur collector of fossils (as the title states) and is intended to enable the untrained collector to learn enough about fossils and geology to pursue his hobby in a meaningful and non-destructive manner and gain both knowledge and intellectual satisfaction from his pursuit.
Practicing a Virtuous Politics: Bill Bolling and the Atlanta Community Food Bank

Bill Bolling created the Atlanta Community Food Bank (ACFB) in 1979 and, as its executive director from then until 2015, transformed a fledgling effort in a church basement into the “equivalent of a $100 million company.” This article tells the story of how Bolling built the ACFB from scratch, arguing that his accomplishments can be traced to his effectiveness as a political leader. The article explains how Bolling practiced a virtuous politics in building informal sources of power and in developing and applying political skills on behalf of the ACFB. In the process, the article challenges the traditional critical scholarly view of political leadership, offering Bolling as a case illustration of an emerging theory of a benevolent and effective form of political leadership.
A Fall Decathlon for Track Squads

(1938). A Fall Decathlon for Track Squads. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health and Physical Education: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 3-14.
Praxis and doxa: what a focus on ritual can offer evolutionary explanations of religion

Sterelny’s emphasis on praxis (practice, ritual) rather than doxa (belief) is an important pushback against overly mentalized explanations of the evolution of religion. By focusing on the issue of ...
Organizational Sustainability Determinants in Different Cultural Settings: A Conceptual Framework

Since the link between organizations’ sustainability initiatives and effects from the societal environment has not been consistently established in the literature, this paper provides a conceptual framework to demonstrate the antecedents to the levels of sustainability initiatives undertaken by firms. Taking insights from institutional theory, it proposes that the relationship between the sustainability determinants and the level of sustainability initiatives is mediated by coercive, mimetic and normative isomorphic pressures. Moreover, it suggests that culture plays a significant role in moderating the extent to which the various types of isomorphic pressure on firms may influence the levels of firms’ sustainability initiatives. The implications of the framework are discussed in the light of encouraging sustainability initiatives and overall sustainable development in various cultural settings as well as undertaking future research to enhance the framework and its applicability. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Simulation scenario rehearsal: the key to successful and effective simulations

> “ All the real work is done in the rehearsal period .” > > The late British actor, Donald Pleasence The key to successful and effective execution of simulation cases is rehearsal. This is the distinct area where those programmes and faculty who regularly make running complex high-fidelity simulations look effortless distinguish themselves. This flawless execution is not the manifestation of expensive simulators, large fully equipped simulation labs or a huge cadre of simulation support staff. Rather, it is the ability of the simulation team to come together before the execution of the simulation scenario to ensure a unified vision, in both the creative and technical aspects of the case (see figure 1). This requires the development of an atmosphere of creativity, openness to new ideas to improve the case and the strong desire to execute outstanding simulations. This is also the area that is frequently overlooked by many as an unnecessary use of time and only essential for elaborate or special simulation cases. Figure 1 Creative and technical aspects typically reviewed during simulation scenario rehearsal. ESP, embedded simulation participant. Outstanding simulations require more than well-written cases. While the case serves as the script for the confederates and the technicians, it does not ensure effective execution of a case. The rehearsal, however, is not just about practising lines, it provides a forum for the confederates to develop a complementary relationship with one another to bring the scenario to life, increasing the fidelity for the learner. It allows a period of discovery and experimentation where the confederates can see what works and what does not. It provides an opportunity for the technician or faculty member, who will potentially serve as the voice of the patient (if using a simulator), to interact with the confederates in a way that fulfils the vision of the simulation director. Despite the importance of this concept, and …
Persistent Questions in the Theory of Argument Fields

The concept of a “field” of arguments, introduced by Stephen Toulmin in 1958 with little explanation, seemed to scholars in the late 1970s and early 1980s to be a promising way to imagine standards for arguments that were context-specific. Although several authors explored the topic, little agreement emerged as to what constituted a field or how theorists and critics would use the “field” concept to analyze or evaluate arguments. This essay examines some of the key questions.
Male–Male Affiliation in Sulawesi Tonkean Macaques

Research during the early years of field primatology was primarily centered on the more conspicuous individuals (i.e., males) and behaviors (i.e., aggression), and in particular, males engaged in aggression (Bygott 1974; Hausfater 1975; Popp and DeVore 1979). Since that time, subsequent field research has increasingly revealed the importance of affiliation within primate social groups (Strum 1982, 2001; Smuts 1985; Strier 1994; Gould 1994; Silk 2002), leading some to argue for a renewed attention to the potential role it played in the evolution of primate sociality (Sussman et al. 2005). The primary focus of most of this work has been on the importance of affiliative and cooperative relationships between females and between males and females. Male-male relationships, however, remained largely viewed through the lenses of aggression and dominance (Hill and van Hooff 1994). This is because primate socioecological theory predicts that males and females compete for different resources (i.e., access to mates and food, respectively), and affiliative and cooperative behavior is expected to be high among females and low among males (Trivers 1972; Wrangham 1980). There is, however, increasing evidence that the nature of male-male relationships may be more diverse than previously thought (van Hooff and van Schaik 1994). For example, in 1994, an entire volume of the journal Behaviour was devoted to the topic of male-male bonding. Six years later, an edited volume titled Primate Males (Kappeler 2000) provided further evidence of the complexity of primate males, particularly with regard to male-male interactions and the role males play in shaping social organization. A number of these papers explore the key variables, both proximate and ultimate, that explain the occurrence of affiliation among males. Male philopatry and kinship have been identified as two of the most important variables (van Hooff and van Schaik 1994). The common chimpanzee represents a good example of male bonding in a male philopatric species; male chimps have been observed to form strong male-male alliances and engage in high levels of mutual grooming (Nishida and Hiraiwa-Hasegawa 1987). At the same time, although less common, male bonding has been observed in species in which males disperse, thereby suggesting that kinship need not be a prerequisite for male-male affiliation (Silk 1994; Hill and van Hooff 1994).
Dual B and T markers in acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Leukemic cells from 20 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 60 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were studied for T- and B-lymphocyte cell surface membrane markers. B-cell markers included surface membrane immunoglobulin, erythrocyte-antibody complement rosette formation, and B-cell (a-like or HLA-DR) antigens detected by a B-cell antiserum. T-cell markers included spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosette formation and a cytotoxic reaction to a specific T-cell antiserum. Seven patients with CLL and two with ALL had dual B and T markers. We propose that dual B- and T-cell markers are more common in CLL and ALL patients than previously reported. With newer and more sensitive tests for identification of B and T cells, this observation may be recognized more frequently.
The Dark Before the Dawn

For 2,000 years after Aristotle, there was very little progress in meteorology. Considerable efforts were devoted to atmospheric optics, but most of the scant attention given to meteorology consisted of commentaries on Aristotle’s treatise. Most of his distinguished successors added little to the perfection of his system. There were a few, however, who did expand on his theories, especially in those areas to which he had paid slight attention. One was his pupil, Theophrastus of Eresos, who wrote “De Signis Tempestatum” (On Weather Signs) and a treatise, “De Vends,” on winds. The practice of weather prognostication by empirical rules dates from these treatises. Theophrastus gives some eighty different signs of rain, forty-five of wind, fifty of storm, twenty-four of fair weather, and seven signs of weather for periods of a year or less. In looking at the overall weather picture, Theophrastus advocates a general principle:1 Now the first point to be seized is that the various periods are all divided in half, so that one’s study of the year the month or the day should take account of those divisions. The year is divided in half by the setting and rising of the Pleiad; for from the setting to the rising is a half year. So that to begin with the whole period is divided into halves: and a like division is effected by the solstices and equinoxes. From which it follows that, whatever is the condition of the atmosphere when the Pleiad sets, that it continues in general to be till the winter solstice, and, if it does change, the change only takes place after the solstice: while, if it does not change it continues the same till the spring equinox: the same principle holds good from that time to the rising of the Pleiad, from that again to the summer solstice, from that to the setting of the Pleiad. So too is it with each month; the full moon and the eighth and the fourth days make divisions into halves, so that one should make the new moon the starting point of one’s survey. A change most often takes place on the fourth day, or, failing that, on the eighth, or, failing that, at the full moon; after that the periods are from the full moon to the eighth day from the end of the month, from that to the fourth day from the end, and from that to the new moon. The divisions of the day follow in general, the same principle: there is the sunrise, the mid-morning, noon, mid-afternoon, and sunset; and the corresponding divisions of the night have like effects in the matter of wind storms and fair weather; that is to say, if there is to be a change, it will generally occur at one of these divisions.
Surface characterization and tribological performance of laser shock peened steel surfaces

Abstract Laser shock peening (LSP) is a preeminent surface treatment technique that can surpass many of the modern surface modification processes. Though the wear and surface hardening behavior of the LSP treated surfaces has been extensively investigated, the friction behavior and surface morphological changes due to LSP are not well explored. Hence, the present study focuses on the effect of LSP process parameters on surface morphology and tribological behavior of 1045 steel surfaces. More specifically, the influence of laser intensity on surface roughness and its effect on the coefficient of friction (COF) and transfer layer formation were investigated. The results show that the COF decreased with increasing laser intensity up to a threshold intensity, thereafter, the COF increased with increasing laser intensity. These variation in COF was attributed to the change in surface morphology as a result of applied laser intensity. As the laser intensity increased to a threshold value, the COF decreased as a result of surface strengthening and roughening effects. Beyond the threshold laser intensity, the COF increased as a result of the dominant surface roughening effect.
Validation of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma emergency general surgery score for acute appendicitis-an EAST multicenter study.

BACKGROUNDThe American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) has proposed a grading system for anatomic severity of 16 Emergency General Surgery conditions, including appendicitis. This is the first prospective, multicenter clinical study evaluating the AAST Appendicitis grading scale.METHODS
Public Interest Design, Pragmatism, and Potentials in a Postdiluvian City

In this paper, we explore the roles and responsibilities of the architect and architectural education in addressing complex water issues. The scholarship highlights the importance of collaborative ...
Deep learning enables color holographic microscopy of pathology slides from a single hologram (Conference Presentation)

We report a deep learning-based colorization framework for holographic microscopy, and demonstrate its efficacy by imaging histopathology slides (Masson’s trichrome-stained lung and H&E-stained prostate tissue). Using a generative adversarial network, this framework is trained to eliminate the missing-phase-related artifacts. To obtain accurate color information, the pathology slides were imaged under multiplexed illumination at three wavelengths, and the deep network learns to demultiplex and project the holographic images from the three color channels into the RGB color-space, achieving high color-fidelity. Our method dramatically simplifies the data acquisition and shortens the processing time, which is important for e.g., digital pathology in resource-limited-settings.
Energy-Efficient Link Capacity Overprovisioning In Time Slotted Channel Hopping Networks

TSCH is emerging as a reliable access mechanism for wireless sensor networks that, thanks to time slotting, suits the needs of battery-powered devices deployed in industrial scenarios. To take into account the traffic needs of the different links in a mesh network and the related variability, in such a way to prevent instability and butter overruns, overprovisioning can be exploited. It consists in allocating more cells than strictly needed for communication between a node and its neighbors. Unfortunately, overprovisioning in TSCH leads to higher power consumption, because of idle listening. In this paper, two approaches for saving energy are proposed, which temporarily disable listening when no packets are available at the transmitter. Such mechanisms show good backward compatibility with existing TSCH devices, and may coexist with them.
Use of QT Prolonging Medications by Hemodialysis Patients and Individuals Without End‐Stage Kidney Disease

Background The rate of sudden cardiac death in the hemodialysis population exceeds that of the general population by >20‐fold. Hemodialysis patients may be particularly susceptible to sudden cardia...
Esterified Polysaccharide Composites that Display Super Absorbency from Highly Favorable Hydrogen and Ionic Interactions

The aim of the current research is to develop super absorbent materials from wood-pulp-based materials for the replacement of petroleum-based super absorbent hygienic products. The effect of citric...
Psychological Misconceptions and Their Relation to Students' Lay Beliefs of Mind.

Psychological misconceptions are common among students taking psychology courses. In this study, we show an association between student endorsement of misconceptions and two prevalent and well-rese...
The Scalability of X3D4 PointProperties: Benchmarks on WWW Performance

With the development of remote sensing devices, it becomes more convenient for individual researchers to collect high-resolution point cloud data with their own scanners. There have been plenty of online tools for researchers to exhibit their work. However, the drawback of existing tools is that they are not flexible enough for the users to create 3D scenes of a mixture of point-based and triangle-based models. X3DOM is a WebGL-based library built on Extensible 3D (X3D) standard, enabling users to create 3D scenes with only a little computer graphics knowledge. Before the X3D 4.0 Specification, little attention has been paid to point cloud rendering in X3DOM. PointProperties, an appearance node newly added in X3D 4.0, provides point size attenuation and texture-color mixing effects to point geometries. In this work, we propose an X3DOM implementation of PointProperties. This implementation fulfills not only the features specified in X3D 4.0 documentation but also other shading effects that are compatible with the effects of triangle-based geometries in X3DOM and other state-of-the-art point cloud visualization tools. We also evaluate the performances of some of these effects. The result shows that a general laptop is able to handle most of the examined conditions in real-time.
Connecting Computational Thinking and Science in a US Elementary Classroom

In the USA, a new vision for science education along with new science standards emphasizes student capacity to deepen engagement with scientific and engineering practices that reinforce scientific ideas and crosscutting concepts. Yet there is a paucity of research that supports pedagogical practices that leverage the affordance of computational thinking toward understanding of the particle nature of matter. In this chapter, we describe a fifth grade project-based learning unit that promotes movement along a progression of understanding of the idea of the particle nature of matter and the practice of computational thinking. We apply a case study design to analyze small group collaborative student discourse over 1 month. We focus on students engaged in the unit, “How can we design a new taste?”. We demonstrate how computational thinking, the particle nature of matter, and the ideas of patterns mutually reinforce one another and simultaneously offer access to explaining and predicting the phenomenon of taste.
Beyond vernacular: Measurement solutions to the lexical fallacy in disgust research.

Abstract Disgust may play an important role in several mental disorders, in part because disgust seems impervious to corrective information, a feature noted long before it was studied by clinical psychologists. A deeper understanding of disgust could improve not only the treatment of mental disorders, but also other societal problems involving this peculiar emotion. In this paper, we review the measurement of disgust and identify issues that hold back progress in understanding how to treat this emotion. First, self-report measures of disgust, although optimized in terms of reliability, are compromised in terms of validity due to the “lexical fallacy,” that is, the assumption that vernacular usage of emotion terms reveals natural kinds. Improved self-report measures that parse disgust from neighboring states of discomfort and disapproval can address this limitation, but these approaches are absent in clinical psychology. Second, “objective” measures of disgust, although free of vernacular limitations, require greater psychometric scrutiny. In a critical review, we find that most instrument-based measures fail to demonstrate adequate reliability, rendering them unsuitable for the individual differences research crucial to clinical psychology. In light of this assessment, we provide several recommendations for improving the reliability and validity of disgust measurement, including renewed attention to theory.
BEDSIDE TEST TO RULE OUT AN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY USING A MODIFIED FDA APPROVED KIT

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of a modified bedside test in ruling out an ectopic pregnancy. The test is based on a lateral flow immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). It has been shown that a high AFP level in vaginal blood indicates the passage of fetal tissue, suggestive of a miscarriage [1]. We hypothesized that high AFP levels in sampled intrauterine tissue, assuming non-heterotopic pregnancy, rules out the presence of an ectopic pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. The study included pregnant women undergoing a dilation and curettage (DC109(6):1060.
Extension of the Harmonic Balance Method for dynamic systems with Iwan joints

Abstract In many applications it would be advantageous to be able to compute the nonlinear Frequency Response Functions (FRF) of structures containing bolted interfaces, but to do this with time integration is expensive so more efficient methods are desired. Harmonic Balance methods are typically more efficient, yet they are difficult to apply to systems with joints because one must track the state of many points on a surface and their highly nonlinear evolution from stick to slip in each cycle of vibration. This paper proposes an adaptation of the alternating frequency time harmonic balance method that is able to compute the steady-state response and consequently the nonlinear FRFs of systems with Iwan elements in an accurate and efficient manner. Rather than including the state of all of the sliders in the state vector, the points at which the displacement across the joint reverses are identified and used as a surrogate, greatly reducing the number of state variables and making the state variables more continuous. Furthermore, the nonlinear force and the Jacobian only need to be computed for the degrees of the freedom related to the joints, improving the efficiency of the approach. While the damping in the hysteretic system is not velocity dependent, an effective damping is introduced and added to the Jacobian to improve convergence of the Newton–Raphson algorithm for frequencies near the resonance. The proposed method, dubbed as “Hysteresis Identification via Reversal Points or (HIRP)”, is tested on various models with multiple DOF and Iwan elements, including a relatively high order model of two beams with two bolted joints. The results obtained show the capability of the proposed method and its efficiency and accuracy for realistic, industrially relevant models.
Georges Bizet: Carmen : The reception of Carmen

Reactions to the premiere Ludovic Halevy realized on opening night that Carmen had failed (see his account in Chapter 2). A few days later, he assigned the blame to unfamiliarity: “It took a little time for [staff and performers] to get to like and admire this score. At the outset we were more astonished than enchanted by it. Such was the evident impression on the audience the first evening. The effect of the performance was uncertain, indecisive. Not bad, but not good either.” If Halevy found it difficult to read the audience's cool response during the performance itself, he did not have to wait long to learn the grounds for its displeasure. While unfamiliarity no doubt played a role, it was by no means the principal problem cited by the reviews that began appearing immediately. Bizet's opera sparked antagonisms along two fronts: moral propriety and musical style. Given his boasts that he intended to “change the genre of opera-comique ” and the protests of the Opera-Comique management over the project, the hostility with which Carmen was greeted in the press ought not to have been a surprise. Yet the response devastated Bizet, who is reported to have exclaimed during opening night: “Don't you see that all these bourgeois have not understood a wretched word of the work I have written for them?” The most ferocious of the attacks objected to the explicit portrayal of female sexuality in the opera, and the most abusive of these came from Jean-Pierre-Oscar Comettant and Achille de Lauzieres, Marquis de Themines.
Identifying and Mapping Concerns

This chapter describes the assembly of a broad and extensive list of life concerns, and presents a series of analyses that explore the way Americans’ feelings about these concerns are organized.
The Collapse of the Bison-Hunting Societies on the Great Plains

In this essay I examine the economic history of bison-hunting societies as an application of Diamond’s collapse thesis. I merge the theory of property rights with the theory of renewable resource use and argue that changes in property rights regimes, in market forces, and changes in legal-political institutions ultimately determined the fate of native bison societies. Some of my findings are consistent with the thesis advanced by Diamond while others are not.In particular I argue that bison societies declined (nay collapsed), after rising rapidly, as a result of the following forces. First, these groups were under pressure (for land and resources) from white immigrants to the east. Second, these pressures and the emergence of the horse into native societies changed the structure of native societies and initially allowed extensive exploitation of the bison on the Great Plains, under both common property and open access regimes. During this period intertribal conflicts led to the demise of prairie societies at the hand of the plains societies. Third, on the emergence of a bison hide market and the inability of tribes to enforce property rights to land and the bison led to rapid and dramatic depletion of the bison herds. I do not find evidence of dramatic changes in climate or the natural environment to have been an important factor.
High power laser-sustained plasma lightsources for KLA-Tencor broadband inspection tools

For the last 8 years, the brightness of UV lightsources in KT Broadband inspection tools increased by orders of magnitude due to advances in LSP technology. Challenges of LSP in high-power regime are discussed here.
Uncertainty and Deterrence: Experimental Evidence

We conduct laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of deterrence mechanisms under controlled conditions. The effect of the expected cost of punishment of an individual's decision to engage in a proscribed activity and the effect of uncertainty on an individual's decision to commit a violation are very difficult to observe in field data. We use a roadway speeding framing and find that (a) individuals respond considerably to increases in the expected cost of speeding, (b) uncertainty about the enforcement regime yields a large reduction in violations committed, and (c) people are much more likely to speed when the punishment regime for which they voted is implemented. Our results have important implications for a behavioral theory of deterrence under uncertainty.