cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trapping the Meal Moth, Pyralis farinalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), with Acetic Acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol

The first experiment was conducted to determine meal moth (P. farinalis) response to acetic acid, to 3-methyl-1-butanol and to a combination of the two chemicals used to bait traps. In the second experiment, the effects of attractant release rate on moth response were evaluated. Rate was adjusted by altering the size of the hole in the vial lid. Treatments were hole diameters of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 mm. In the third experiment, the reproductive status of female moths captured in traps baited with vials releasing acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol was evaluated. In the first experiment, significantly higher numbers of meal moths were captured in traps baited with the combination of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol (11.5±4.0) compared to unbaited traps (0±0). Four moths were captured in traps baited with 3-methyl-1-butanol and no moths were captured in traps baited with acetic acid. In experiment 2, P. farinalis moths captured in traps baited with the combination of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol increased with increases in vial hole diameter. In experiment 3, one trapped female was in reproductive class I (unmated and immature), one female in class II (mated and immature). Fifteen of the 26 trapped females dissected were in class III (mated and mature). Nine of the 26 trapped females were in class IV (senescent or nearly so). The results demonstrate that meal moths are attracted to acetic acid with 3-methyl-1-butanol.
Nematic liquid crystals for temperature stabilization of silicon photonics

We report the experimentally-measured, passive temperature stabilization properties of nematic liquid crystal claddings for silicon photonic devices.
Recent Literature Relating to Southeast Asia

Perhaps no other area of comparable size presents such geographical, racial, climatic, political, linguistic and economic complexities as are found in Southeast Asia. This region may be delimited roughly as a parallelogram extending southeastward from the Burma-Assam-Sikang frontier through Burma, Thailand, and Indochina and including part of Yunnan and all of the Malay peninsula with the adjacent islands. Those who prefer their geography in circles may think of Southeast Asia as the mainland and peripheral islands embraced within a circle having Bangkok as a focus with a radius of 1000 miles; i.e. from Singapore to Fort Hertz and from Brunei to Chitta-gong.
Easy computation of static stress drop, slip, and moment on two-dimensional heterogeneous faults

Simple analytical techniques are presented for finding static stress-slip solutions on two-dimensional faults. For a single rupture zone, an infinite number of analytic solutions can be obtained by expanding the stress drop over the rupture zone in terms of Chebyshev polyomials. The expansion allows the corresponding slip to be written in terms of the same coefficients used to describe the stress. The condition that determines whether or not the solution is finite everywhere reduces to whether or not the first two coefficients are zero. The seismic moment is shown to depend only on the first and third coefficients.
An algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of aerosols: 1. Development of theoretical framework

Abstract This paper describes the first part of a series of investigations to develop algorithms for simultaneous retrieval of aerosol parameters and surface reflectance from a newly developed hyperspectral instrument, the GEOstationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GEO-TASO), by taking full advantage of available hyperspectral measurement information in the visible bands. We describe the theoretical framework of an inversion algorithm for the hyperspectral remote sensing of the aerosol optical properties, in which major principal components (PCs) for surface reflectance is assumed known, and the spectrally dependent aerosol refractive indices are assumed to follow a power-law approximation with four unknown parameters (two for real and two for imaginary part of refractive index). New capabilities for computing the Jacobians of four Stokes parameters of reflected solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere with respect to these unknown aerosol parameters and the weighting coefficients for each PC of surface reflectance are added into the UNified Linearized Vector Radiative Transfer Model (UNL-VRTM), which in turn facilitates the optimization in the inversion process. Theoretical derivations of the formulas for these new capabilities are provided, and the analytical solutions of Jacobians are validated against the finite-difference calculations with relative error less than 0.2%. Finally, self-consistency check of the inversion algorithm is conducted for the idealized green-vegetation and rangeland surfaces that were spectrally characterized by the U.S. Geological Survey digital spectral library. It shows that the first six PCs can yield the reconstruction of spectral surface reflectance with errors less than 1%. Assuming that aerosol properties can be accurately characterized, the inversion yields a retrieval of hyperspectral surface reflectance with an uncertainty of 2% (and root-mean-square error of less than 0.003), which suggests self-consistency in the inversion framework. The next step of using this framework to study the aerosol information content in GEO-TASO measurements is also discussed.
The Current Situation of Management and Countermeasures for Elevation of Agricultural Industrization in Hebei Province

Based on the current situation of management and problems,the countermeasures for elevation of agricultural industrization were put forward in this report.
Increasing ATM Utilization: User Profiles and Marketing Challenges

Motivated by a desire to cut costs and increase productivity banks and other financial institutions, in recent years, have adopted new technologies and introduced a variety of new services. During the past decade the industry has invested heavily in Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs), Smart Cards, and more recently in the place-of-sale transfer machines, as well as in-home banking (telebanking). The bulk of this investment however, has been in the installation of ATMs. It is estimated that each ATM unit costs approximately $30,000 not including maintenance and operating costs. Between 1980 and 1985 financial institutions invested over $2 billion in this technology. With such high financial stakes, the industry clearly is committed to electronic banking technology (Wagner, 1985).
Erlotinib-associated severe bilateral recalcitrant keratouveitis after corneal EDTA chelation.

Purpose We report a case of erlotinib-associated severe recalcitrant bilateral keratouveitis after uneventful corneal ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); discontinuation of erlotinib led to complete resolution.
A microcrinoid colony from a cephalopod body chamber (Chesterian; Arkansas)

An unusual occurrence of a colony of microcrinoids from shale within a fragment of a large orthoconic nautiloid body chamber is described from the Imo Formation (Mississippian, Chesterian) near Elba, Arkansas. The colony, about 70 individuals, consists principally of immature specimens that lack facets for the arms, and a few mature specimens with four or five arm facets. The crinoids are interpreted as record of a census population that was engulfed suddenly by mud. The crinoids are assigned to Allagecrinus coronarius Gutschick, 1968. The body chamber may have been broken during predation by other large cephalopods, or sharks, known from the Imo, or by post-mortem transport. The shell served as a firm substrate on which the microcrinoid larvae could settle and the convex sides may have provided some protection from currents.
A Latent Profile Analysis Investigating Factors Impacting Latino Adolescents’ Attendance in Treatment

In this study, we examined data from 200 families to investigate whether family functioning and adolescent psychiatric symptomatology were associated with differential attendance in a family-based or individually focused intervention for Latino adolescents. Latent profile analysis was used to identify families, and regression models were used to examine whether profiles exhibited differential attendance. Overall, three latent profiles were observed. The first described families where parents and adolescents reported discrepancies on psychiatric symptoms and family conflict. The second profile described families with elevated adolescent psychiatric symptoms but no family conflict. The third profile described families with low family cohesion and high levels of adolescent psychiatric symptoms. For this third profile, attendance in family-based treatment was significantly higher than in individual treatment. Results indicate that a family-based intervention may be better able to address issues of poor family cohesion.
Design of Folded Plate Roofs

Procedure for analysis of single span folded plate structure reviewed and discussed with aid of illustrative example; effects of relative displacements of longitudinal edges considered.
Cation−π Interactions between Flame Chemi-ions and Aromatic Compounds

The cation−π interactions in complexes that could be formed from the association of flame-generated chemi-ions with neutral aromatic molecules, including benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, were examined by electronic structure calculations using the MP2 and B3LYP methods with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Single-point CCSD(T) calculations were also made on the MP2 geometries. The cations considered are CHO+, C3H3+, and H3O+. The purpose was to examine the possibility of chemi-ion enhanced aromatic bindings as a viable path to aromatic clustering at high temperatures or soot nucleation in flames. Although the binding energies of the complexes computed using the B3LYP and MP2 methods can be quite different, both suggest that the binding remains too weak for these complexes to survive at high temperatures for an appreciable period of time and, thus, to be related to aromatic clustering and soot nucleation in any way. Potential energy surfaces were examined for the reactions of benzene with all th...
Myeloma with AL Amyloidosis: 10 Years Experience with Stem Cell Transplant.

Abstract Background: (AL) Amyloidosis is a rare and potentially fatal disease that involves deposition of light chain protein by a clonal plasma cell population. Treatment with high dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) can improve survival and reverse organ damage, but this treatment is associated with toxicity and mortality. We reviewed the outcome of patients with amyloidosis, who received hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) at our institution. Patients and Methods: The retrospective study analyzed 32 patients with AL Amyloidosis who underwent transplant between 1997–2006. There were 17 men and 15 women, with a medium age of 53 years (range 35–73 years). All patients had diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma (MM) and had biopsy confirmed amyloidosis of at least one organ site. Six patients had at least 1 organ involved with AL amyloidosis (3 bone marrows, 2 subcutaneous and 1 kidney), 20 patients had 2 organs involved, while 6 patients had 3 or more organs affected. All received a median of 3 cycles of chemotherapy (range 0–13) before transplant. Twenty-eight patients underwent autologous transplant, while 4 had an allogeneic transplants (2 syngeneic and 2 siblings). The preparative regimens received in 28 patients were high dose melphalan (26 autologous and 2 syngeneic), 2 patients received Busulfan and Melphalan, 2 allogeneic transplant Fludarabine and Melphalan. Results: The median Charlson Comorbidities Index (CCI) was 3 (range 0–8). The median number of CD34+ cells infused was 4.85 x 106 cells/kg (range 1.43–7.82 cells/kg). The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 11 (range 2–21days) and 14 days (range2–41), respectively. 56% of patients developed moderate to severe gastrointestinal effects. Four patients underwent allogeneic transplant and 1 had acute and chronic graft vs host disease (GVHD). Twenty-one patients (65%) achieved a partial hematological remission (PR), and 5 patients (15%) achieved complete hematological remission (CR), with a total response hematological rate of 80%. The 100 day NRM was 3.2%. The median overall survival was (OS) 41 months (range 1–108), 7 patients died (4 relapsed and 3 infections) all 7 patients had CCI greater or equal to 4. Conclusion: Selected patients with MM and amyloidosis can benefit from high dose therapy with stem cell support including allogeneic transplantation. The high mortality seen in patients with CCI >4 suggests that this index could be useful in selecting patients for high dose chemotherapy.
Quotients of Hyperbolic Metrics

In this paper, precise versions of several intuitive properties of quotients of hyperbolic metrics are established. Suppose that \(\Omega _j\) is a hyperbolic region in \(\mathbb {C}_\infty = \mathbb {C}\cup \{\infty \}\) with hyperbolic metric \(\lambda _j\), \(j=1,2\), and \(\Omega _1 \subsetneq \Omega _2\). First, it is shown that \(\lambda _1/ \lambda _2 \approx 1\) on compact subsets of \(\Omega _1\) that are not too close to \(\partial \Omega _1\). Second, \(\lambda _1/ \lambda _2 \approx 1\) when z is near \((\partial \Omega _1 \;\cap \; \partial \Omega _2 ) {\setminus } F_b\), where \(F = \partial \Omega _1 \;\cap \;\Omega _2\) and \(F_b = {{\mathrm{cl}}}(F)\;\cap \;\Omega _2\). The main tools used in establishing these results are sharp elementary bounds for \(\lambda _1(z)/ \lambda _2(z)\) in terms of the hyperbolic distance relative to \(\Omega _2\) from z to \(\partial \Omega _1 \;\cap \;\Omega _2\) that were first established and employed in complex dynamics.
Rational Optimization of Mechanism-Based Inhibitors through Determination of the Microscopic Rate Constants of Inactivation.

Mechanism-based inhibitors (MBIs) are widely employed in chemistry, biology, and medicine because of their exquisite specificity and sustained duration of inhibition. Optimization of MBIs is complicated because of time-dependent inhibition resulting from multistep inactivation mechanisms. The global kinetic parameters kinact and KI have been used to characterize MBIs, but they provide far less information than is commonly assumed, as shown by derivation and simulation of these parameters. We illustrate an alternative and more rigorous approach for MBI characterization through determination of the individual microscopic rate constants. Kinetic analysis revealed the rate-limiting step of inactivation of the PLP-dependent enzyme BioA by dihydro-(1,4)-pyridone 1. This knowledge was subsequently applied to rationally design a second-generation inhibitor scaffold with a nearly optimal maximum inactivation rate (0.48 min–1).
P-T-X Relations of Anhydrite and Brine and their Implications for the Suitability of Anhydrite as a Nuclear Waste Repository Medium

Among the major disadvantages of halite (rock salt or NaCl) as a repository medium for high-level radioactive waste are its high solubility and the fact that its solubility has a positive thermal coefficient; hence, as the salt is heated, included brines will migrate up the thermal gradient toward the heat source. Among other criteria, an ideal repository medium should be relatively insoluble and act as a barrier to migrating fluids, thereby keeping the waste canisters dry. A potential medium with the above qualities and occurring in the same general environment as halite is bedded CaSO4 or anhydrite. Anhydrite is known to be sparingly soluble in water and to have a negative thermal coefficient, i.e., retrograde solubility. However, in chloride brines its solubility increases, and the thermal coefficient changes sign as a function of total Cl−, temperature, and pressure (1, 2). To test the combined effects of Cl− and temperature and how these variables affect the suitability of anhydrite as a repository medium, we studied the solubility of anhydrite in concentrated brines. The two solutions used were NaCl-saturated water and a bittern brine (NBT-6) with 30 weight percent total dissolved solids having a ratio of NaCl:KCl:CaCl2:MgCl2 of 1:1:2:2 on a weight basis.
Edge Computing in the Extreme for Sustainability

The notion of edge computing introduces new computing functions away from centralized locations and closer to the network edge, thus facilitating new applications and services. This enhanced computing paradigm provides new opportunities to applications developers, not available otherwise. In this paper, we will discuss why placing computation functions at the extreme edge of a network infrastructure, i.e., in wireless Access Points and home set-top boxes, is particularly beneficial for a large class of emerging applications. We will discuss a specific approach, called ParaDrop, to implement such edge computing functionalities. Based on the ParaDrop platform, we have implemented two smart home applications for sustainability: environment control and water quality management, to demonstrate the advantages of edge computing. The implementations of the two applications on the ParaDrop platform have advantages including high privacy, reliability, and efficiency. The process to build them demonstrates the flexibility of ParaDrop to implement edge applications and cloud-edge hybrid applications. In addition, the API and tools provided by the ParaDrop platform make the application deployment process transparent to end users.
Active sampling for graph-aware classification

The present work deals with data-adaptive active sampling of graph nodes representing training data for binary classification. The graph may be given or constructed using similarity measures among nodal features. Leveraging the graph for classification builds on the premise that labels over neighboring nodes are correlated according to a categorical Markov random field (MRF). This model is further relaxed to a Gaussian (G)MRF with labels taking continuous values, an approximation that not only mitigates the combinatorial complexity of the categorical model, but also offers optimal unbiased soft predictors of the unlabeled nodes. The proposed sampling strategy is based on querying the node whose label disclosure is expected to inflict the largest expected mean-square deviation on the GMRF, a strategy which subsumes the existing variance-minimization-based sampling method. A simple yet effective heuristic is also introduced for increasing the exploration capabilities, and reducing bias of the resultant estimator, by taking into account the confidence on the model label predictions. The novel sampling strategy is based on quantities that are readily available without the need for model retraining, rendering it scalable to large graphs. Numerical tests using synthetic and real data demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve accuracy that is comparable or superior to the state-of-the-art even at reduced runtime.
Plasma chemistry of fluorocarbons as related to plasma etching and plasma polymerization

This chapter deals with the physical and chemical processes which take place in fluorocarbon plasmas. Emphasis is given to plasma diagnostic techniques which are well suited to investigate the neutral and ionized gas phase species as well as plasma-surface interactions. Special attention is given to a description of mechanisms which control plasma etching and plasma polymerization. Structural characterization techniques which work well with a variety of fluorocarbon thin films prepared in a plasma are given and key physical properties of such films are reviewed.
The effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on clinical signs, milk production, and mammary epithelial cells in cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis

v CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 1 Literature Review 2 Part One: Models of Endotoxic Mastitis 2 Part Two: Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Endotoxic Mastitis 9 Part Three: Examination of Epithelial Cells in Milk 19 References 24 CHAPTER 2. PHARMACODYNAMICS OF ISOFLUPREDONE ACETATE IN AN ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED MASTITIS MODEL 32 Abstract 32 Introduction 33 Materials and Methods 33 Results 40 Discussion 42 Acknowledgements 46 References 46 Tables and Graphs 48
What else is in an evolved name? Exploring evolvable specificity with SignalGP

Tags are evolvable labels that provide genetic programs a flexible mechanism for specification. Tags are used to label and refer to programmatic elements, such as functions or jump targets. However, tags differ from traditional, more rigid methods for handling labeling because they allow for inexact references; that is, a referring tag need not exactly match its referent. Here, we explore how adjusting the threshold for how what qualifies as a match affects adaptive evolution. Further, we propose broadened applications of tags in the context of a genetic programming (GP) technique called SignalGP. SignalGP gives evolution direct access to the event-driven paradigm. Program modules in SignalGP are tagged and can be triggered by signals (with matching tags) from the environment, from other agents, or due to internal regulation. Specifically, we propose to extend this tag based system to: (1) provide more fine-grained control over module execution and regulation (e.g., promotion and repression) akin to natural gene regulatory networks, (2) employ a mosaic of GP representations within a single program, and (3) facilitate major evolutionary transitions in individuality (i.e., allow hierarchical program organization to evolve de novo).
Within the Words of Henry James: Cavell as Austinian Reader

Throughout his work Stanley Cavell has maintained, with the kind of special vigilance that I will here connect to his understanding of the power and nature of absorbed aesthetic experience, an acute and tireless awareness of the expressive nuances of speech. And it is not only that such nuances are expressive; they are also, and perhaps still more deeply, self-constitutive. There is good reason to believe that he sees a fellow traveler in this enterprise in Henry James, and Cavell’s observations concerning what it is to be “haunted” by past experience, to have such experience “carry with it an after-sense” in James’s phrase, describe at one and the same time (a) our relations to our words and past words (as Cavell has written about at length), (b) the unsettling experience James had coming back to America after twenty-five years (as chronicled in his The American Scene), and (as Cavell explains, intimately connected with this) (c) the experience psychologically investigated in James’s “The Jolly Corner,” where the protagonist returns not only to New York, and not only to a former house, but indeed to the spectral image of the person he would, or might, have become had he never gone abroad years earlier. These themes are further pursued in James’s “The Beast in the Jungle.”
On intrinsic and extrinsic feeding distance calculations for aluminium alloys

ABSTRACTFeeding distances have been calculated for an Al–7%Si alloy by using first principles, i.e. Darcy’s law for flow through porous a medium. Pressure drop needed for liquid metal flow through ...
Urban/rural differences in the use of physician services by people with multiple sclerosis

Objective to identify any urban/rural differences among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the utilization of physician services and MS-focused care, as well as differences in patient perceptions of access and quality. Method data were collected by surveying 1,518 people with MS throughout the United States, equally divided among urban, urban-adjacent rural areas, and more remote rural areas. Standard SAS procedures were used to analyze the results. Results significantly larger proportions of people with MS in rural areas had a family or general practitioner as their primary physician while a significantly larger proportion of people with MS in urban areas had a neurologist as their primary physician. Rural residents traveled significantly greater distances to receive MS-focused care than their urban counterparts. People with MS living in more remote rural areas averaged less satisfaction with their access to a neurologist and to MS-focused care, and less satisfaction with the quality of care received, than people with MS in urban areas. Conclusion limited availability of MS specialists in rural areas, and greater travel time and distance required to receive care from these providers, present future challenges to providing appropriate and high quality MS-focused care to people living with MS in rural areas.
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Elastography in the Diagnosis of Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension.

Portal hypertension (PH) is defined as abnormal elevation of portal venous pressure with cirrhosis accounting for 90% of cases and 10% of cases classified as noncirrhotic PH (NCPH).1,2 The differentiation of cirrhotic PH (CPH) from NCPH is difficult (Supplementary Figure 1), with recent research efforts focusing on noninvasive evidence of increased hepatic stiffness.3,4 Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an established imaging technique in the assessment of hepatic stiffness, and is now the most efficacious, noninvasive method to assess for hepatic fibrosis.5-8 The aim of this study was to assess the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRE to differentiate between CPH and NCPH.
Theta Functions from a Geometric Viewpoint

Let X denote a finite dimensional vector space over R and L a lattice in X. (We shall see that X will play the role of W= X × X* in Chapter I.) Then L spans X over R. Otherwise, let X′ denote the subspace of X spanned by L over R. Then the quotient group X/X′ is a vector space over R of a positive dimension. On the other hand, it is a quotient group of the compact group X/L; hence X/X′ is compact. But this is a contradiction.
Delays in Obtaining Knee MRI in Pediatric Sports Medicine: Impact of Insurance Type.

BACKGROUND Increased enrollment in government-based insurance plans has been reported. With youth sports injuries on the rise, increased ordering of advanced imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has occurred. This study sought to report on the impact of insurance type on access to and results of knee MRI in pediatric sports medicine patients. METHODS A retrospective review of 178 consecutive pediatric sports medicine clinics was completed. INCLUSION CRITERIA patients younger than 18 years, routine knee MRI ordered, sports medicine diagnosis, and insurance. Data included basic demographics, injury date, date and location (urgent care vs. clinic) of the first presentation, details of MRI ordering and approval, date and location of MRI follow-up, MRI results (negative, minor findings, major findings), and eventual treatment required. RESULTS A total of 168 charts underwent a complete review. The patients' average age was 14±3 years and 54% (N=90) were female. Ninety-eight had government insurance and 70 had commercial insurance. The time between injury and MRI completion was significantly longer with government insurance (34 vs. 67 d, P<0.01). Government insurance had increased wait time between the first visit and MRI completion (11 vs. 40 d, P<0.001) as well as MRI order and completion (9 vs. 16.5 d, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in positive findings on MRI between insurance groups, including both major and minor findings nor in the proportion receiving eventual operative treatment. CONCLUSION Pediatric sports medicine patients with government insurance have delays in obtaining knee MRI, despite there being no difference in the rate of positive findings and subsequent operative treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-case-control study.
The Pfaffian Sign Theorem for the Dimer Model on a Triangular Lattice

We prove the Pfaffian Sign Theorem for the dimer model on a triangular lattice embedded in the torus. More specifically, we prove that the Pfaffian of the Kasteleyn periodic-periodic matrix is negative, while the Pfaffians of the Kasteleyn periodic-antiperiodic, antiperiodic-periodic, and antiperiodic-antiperiodic matrices are all positive. The proof is based on the Kasteleyn identities and on small weight expansions. As an application, we obtain an asymptotic behavior of the dimer model partition function with an exponentially small error term.
X-ray Detectors and Electronics

X-ray detectors are transducers—they convert X-rays into something more easily observed and/or measured: visible photons, a click on a loudspeaker, a grain of metallic silver, or, most commonly, an electrical voltage fed to a computer. Rontgen’s eyes were part of the earliest X-ray detection system—he observed visible luminescence from a barium platinum cyanide screen that was being struck by X-rays from his cathode ray tube. Shortly after, he used film to record images (Fig. 5.1) [5, 164].
Type of Task Instruction Enhances the Role of Face and Context in Emotion Perception

The role of face and context in emotion perception was investigated by manipulating features relevant to the stimuli and to the observer. A nested-stimulus design was used, with subjects nested under stimulus item (an encoder’s facial expression or a written emotion-eliciting scenario presented alone or in an incongruent pair) and type of task instruction (judgment of encoder’s expressed or felt emotion). Subjects, using one type of task instruction, completed a decoding task in which they viewed a facial expression, a written scenario, or a facial expression paired with an emotion-incongruent scenario. Type of task instruction was intended to alter subjects’ perception by directing attention to favor face information (judgment of expressed emotion) or context information (judgment of felt emotion). Then subjects selected the predominant emotion and indicated the intensity of various emotions they perceived the encoder to be expressing or feeling. Judgments were examined for target emotion match to face and/or context using a by-stimulus analysis. The results suggest that when an encoder’s facial expression is discordant with the emotion-eliciting event, subjects will favor facial information when judging what the encoder is expressing, whereas they will favor context information when judging what the encoder is feeling. When face or context was seen alone, type of task instruction did not influence subjects’ judgments. This research provides a more detailed understanding of the role of face and context by exploring how features associated with the observer-encoder interaction influence emotion perception.
Exploring disability identity with adolescents.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore how adolescents conceptualize disability identity and what factors may influence adolescent disability identity development. Research Method/Design: These data were collected through semistructured in-depth interviews with 24 middle and high school adolescents with disabilities. The participants had a wide range of disabilities, including physical disabilities, learning disabilities, ADHD, Autism, and others. Analyses started with Hamilton's Rapid Assessment Process followed by identifying structural and in vivo codes using a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis tool to allow for multiple coders and memo writing across the research team. RESULTS The results indicate that adolescents are undergoing a heterogeneous and complex process to develop their disability identity. Additionally, the salience of the participants' disability identity often varied depending on the environmental context. Furthermore, social connections to peers with and without disabilities played an important role in the development of many participants' disability identities. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that adolescents with disabilities are engaging in a multifaceted meaning-making process to develop a sense of disability identity. Rehabilitation Psychologists and other practitioners can support disabled adolescents by helping them to discuss and develop a positive disability identity. Furthermore, practitioners can help disabled adolescents successfully develop their disability identity in a variety of different settings and contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Spin-momentum locked interface modes based on transverse resonance and Zak phase in finite thickness dielectric slabs

The field of topological photonics has made great strides in the past decade with many new designs based on bandgap and band inversion structures that provide robust, unidirectional, and reflection-free propagation of energy. The topological invariant or Chern number of a metamaterial guarantees the existence of topologically protected edge modes. However, its mathematical application to real systems is not always straightforward and can be greatly simplified by reducing the dimensional complexity of the problem by the calculation of a Zak phase that determines the topological phase in just one dimension. This work explores two methods of creating interface modes with finite height dielectric slabs: (1) transverse resonance through variable edge truncation of a photonic crystal (PhC) or cell sliding and (2) a uni-axial topological phase by means of scaling the internal features of a unit cell. The proposed metamaterial devices use the same C4v symmetric unit cell structure on both sides of the interface and are finite in all three dimensions, allowing for easy fabrication, excitation, and implementation in real-world applications. The all-dielectric design also enables an easy transition to and from conventional PhC waveguides and lends itself well to operation in frequencies spanning across the microwave and optical spectrum without concerns of additional metallic losses in the THz region.
Estrogen or raloxifene during postmenopausal weight loss: adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes.

Objective Estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) attenuates abdominal fat gain after menopause, but whether HT improves abdominal fat loss during weight loss is unknown. It was hypothesized that HT or a selective estrogen receptor modulator (raloxifene) would augment reductions in abdominal visceral fat during weight loss when compared to placebo, potentially increasing improvements in glucose tolerance and lipid profile. Methods Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 119; age 50-70 yr) underwent a 6-month weight-loss (primarily exercise) intervention with randomization to raloxifene (60 mg/d), HT (conjugated estrogens, 0.625 mg/d), or placebo. Outcomes were change in total and abdominal (visceral and subcutaneous) fat mass, lipid profile, and fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin. Results Neither HT nor raloxifene augmented loss of total or abdominal fat mass during exercise-induced weight loss when compared with placebo. Weight loss-induced improvements in risk factors were similar among the three groups, except for a greater reduction in fasted glucose in the HT group (difference in change [95%CI] from placebo; −0.40 [−0.76, −0.05]) and greater reductions in LDL (−0.36 [−0.63, −0.09]) and increases in HDL (0.15 [0.07, 0.24]) in both treatment groups. Conclusions Postmenopausal HT and raloxifene did not increase abdominal fat loss during weight loss, but did improve some cardiometabolic outcomes.
Trade‐Offs, Limitations, and Promises of Big Data in Social Science Research

The promise of “big data” is a grand one. The collection and aggregation of massive datasets and the development of analytical tools by which to study these data is part of cutting-edge efforts across scientific disciplines, with social, behavioral, and economic sciences leading the way in many of these efforts. There has been a recent rise in National Science Foundation funding for “big data” research across directorates that coincides with scholarly, public, and governmental attention to the topic. Nonetheless, there are limitations and trade-offs to “big data” research, particularly as it corresponds to scientific modes of inquiry and the limited range of topics that fall under its umbrella, that must be recognized and incorporated into the general understanding of its long-term promise.
Properties of radiofrequency-confined plasmas

A theoretical review is given of rf confinement research from 1960 to the present. New results described here include measurements of the luminosity distribution and the floating potential of the confined plasma. (MOW)
An Improved, Easily Implementable, Porous Media Based Model for Deep-Fat Frying: Part II: Results, Validation and Sensitivity Analysis

Abstract The multiphase porous media model, developed in the companion paper, has been applied to frying of a restructured potato slice to obtain temperature, pressure, moisture, oil content, acrylamide content and evaporation rate profiles, providing valuable insight into the frying process. The model is validated by comparing temperature, moisture content and crust thickness profiles from literature experimental results. A novel non-equilibrium formulation, different from the existing food literature, is able to describe well the evaporation process. Post-frying cooling is included through appropriate changes in boundary conditions. It is seen that the oil pickup mostly takes place during post-frying cooling and is due to capillary suction created by the negative pressures from condensation of water–vapour. Acrylamide is formed primarily in the crust region where temperature exceeds 100°C. Sensitivity analyses of the process to surface mass transfer coefficient, evaporation rate constant and oil diffusivity show that they all have significant effects on the process. Development of this mechanistic model that is also more easily implementable than previous models should make computer-aided design and optimization of frying processes closer to reality.
A cross-linguistic study of Taiwanese tone perception by Taiwanese and English listeners

The present study investigated tone perception by speakers of Taiwanese Southern Min and those of American English with an AX discrimination task. Two Taiwanese Southern Min tone continua were constructed from natural speech stimuli. One continuum ranged from a high level tone (T55) to a mid level tone (T33), and the other from a high level (T55) to a high falling tone (T51). The results showed that perception by Taiwanese listeners was quasi-categorical for the contour-level tone continuum but mostly continuous for the level tone-level tone one. This suggests that the findings by Abramson (J Acoust Soc Am 61:S66, 1979a; In: Lindblom B, Ohman S (eds) Frontiers of speech communication, 1979b) and Wang (Ann N Y Acad Sci 280:61–72, 1976) and Chan et al. (J Acoust Soc Am 58:S119, 1975) should be seen as complementary to each other rather than contradictory. Differences on tone perception between Taiwanese and English listeners were also found. Taiwanese listeners exhibited a region of higher discriminability on the T55–T51 continuum, while no discrimination peak was observed in English listeners’ data. In addition, Taiwanese listeners were more accurate than English listeners in tone discrimination. These results indicate a qualitative difference in lexical tone perception between tone and nontone language listeners: tone language listeners appear to perceive tones as phonemic categories, utilizing cues such as pitch contour, while nontone language listeners rely more on psychoacoustic factors such as pitch height (cf. Hume and Johnson, In: Hume E, Johnson K (eds) The role of perception in phonology, 2001; Halle et al., J Phonet, 32:395–421, 2004; Huang, In: Trouvain J, Barry W (eds) Proceedings of the 16th international congress of phonetic science, 2007; Huang and Johnson, Phonetica 67:243–267, 2010).
Radiation and phase change of lithium fluoride in an annulus

A one-dimensional thermal model is developed to evaluate the effect of radiation on the phase change of lithium-fluoride (LiF) in an annular canister under gravitational and microgravitational conditions. Specified heat flux at the outer wall of the canister models focused solar flux; adiabatic and convective conditions are considered for the inner wall. A two-band radiation model is used for the combined-mode heat transfer within the canister, and LiF optical properties relate metal surface properties in vacuum to those in LiF. For axial gravitational conditions, the liquid LiF remains in contact with the two bounding walls, whereas a void gap is used at the outer wall to model possible microgravitational conditions. For the adiabatic cases, exact integrals are obtained for the time required for complete melting of the LiF. Melting was found to occur primarily from the outer wall in the 1-g model, whereas it occurred primarily from the inner wall in the mu-g model. For the convective cases, partially melted steady-state conditions and fully melted conditions are determined to depend on the source flux level, with radiation extending the melting times.
Research on Welding Repair for Reheating Hot Pipe Elbow of 325MW Station Boiler

Through methods, such as microscope analysis, metallographic examination, the crack located nearby the fusion line between reheating hot pipe elbow and blocking valve is reheat crack. The base metal material and excessive welding residual stress are the primary inducement of crack. In replacing pipe elbow, the measures of reducing residual stress, such as hammer blowing ,lower welding heat input, post welding heat treatment and so on, were taken. The welding repair succeeded greatly.
The Effect of Sn Orientation on Intermetallic Compound Growth in Idealized Sn-Cu-Ag Interconnects

The work reported here explores the influence of crystal orientation on the growth of the interfacial intermetallic layer during electromigration in Cu||Sn||Cu solder joints. The samples were thin, planar Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder layers between Cu bars subject to a uniaxial current. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize the microstructure before and after testing. The most useful representation of the EBSD data identifies the Sn grain orientation by the angle between the Sn c-axis and the current direction. The tested samples included single-crystal joints with c-axis nearly parallel to the current (“green” samples) and with c-axis perpendicular to the current (“red” samples). At current density of 104 A/cm2 (steady-state temperature of ~150°C), an intermetallic layer grew at an observable rate in the “green” samples, but not in the “red” ones. A current density of 1.15 × 104 A/cm2 (temperature ~160°C) led to measurable intermetallic growth in both samples. The growth fronts were nearly planar and the growth rates constant (after an initial incubation period); the growth rates in the “green” samples were about 10× those in the “red” samples. The Cu concentrations were constant within the joints, showing that the intermetallic growth is dominated by the electromigration flux. The measured growth rates and literature values for the diffusion of Cu in Sn were used to extract values for the effective charge, z*, that governs the electromigration of Cu. The calculated value of z* is significantly larger for current perpendicular to the c-axis than along it.
Chaos in the color glass condensate

Abstract The number of gluons in the hadron wave function is discrete, and their formation in the chain of small x evolution occurs over discrete rapidity intervals of Δ y ≃ 1 / α s . We therefore consider the evolution as a discrete quantum process. We show that the discrete version of the mean-field Kovchegov evolution equation gives rise to strong fluctuations in the scattering amplitude, not present in the continuous equation. We find that if the linear evolution is as fast as predicted by the perturbative BFKL dynamics, the scattering amplitude at high energies exhibits a chaotic behavior. As a consequence, the properties of diffraction at high energies become universal.
Examination of Spent PWR Fuel Rods After 15 Years in Dry Storage

Virginia Power Surry Nuclear Station Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel was stored in a dry inert atmosphere Castor V/21 cask at the Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory (INEEL) for 15 years at peak cladding temperatures decreasing from about 350 to 150 deg. C. Prior to the storage, the loaded cask was subjected to extensive thermal benchmark tests. The cask was opened to examine the fuel for degradation and to determine if it was suitable for extended storage. No rod breaches had occurred and no visible degradation or crud/oxide spallation were observed. Twelve rods were removed from the center of the T11 assembly and shipped from INEEL to the Argonne-West HFEF for profilometric scans. Four of these rods were punctured to determine the fission gas release from the fuel matrix and internal pressure in the rods. Three of the four rods were cut into five segments each, then shipped to the Argonne-East AGHCF for detailed examination. The test plan calls for metallographic examination of six samples from two of the rods, microhardness and hydrogen content measurements at or near the six metallographic sample locations, tensile testing of six samples from the two rods, and thermal creep testing of eight samplesmore » from the two rods to determine the extent of residual creep life. The results from the profilometry (12 rods), gas release measurements (4 rods), metallographic examinations (2 samples from 1 rod), and microhardness and hydrogen content characterization (2 samples from 1 rod) are reported here. The tensile and creep studies are just starting and will be reported at a later date, along with the additional characterization work to be performed. Although only limited pre-storage characterization is available, a number of preliminary conclusions can be drawn based on comparison with characterization of Florida Power Turkey Point rods of a similar vintage. Based on this comparison, it appears that little or no cladding thermal creep and fission gas release from the fuel pellets occurred during the thermal benchmark tests or storage. Measurements of the cladding outer-diameter, oxide thickness and wall thickness are in the expected range for cladding of the Surry exposure. The measured hydrogen content is consistent with the oxide thickness. The volume of hydrides varies azimuthally around the cladding, but there is little variation across the thickness, of the cladding. It is most significant that all of the hydrides appear to have retained the circumferential orientation typical of pre-storage PWR fuel rods. (authors)« less
Energy inputs and crop yield relationships in greenhouse winter crop tomato production

Abstract In this study, energy use patterns and the relationship between energy inputs and yield for single crop (winter) greenhouse tomato production were examined in Antalya province, one of the most important greenhouse centres in Turkey. Data were collected using face-to-face surveys from 85 farms producing winter greenhouse tomatoes. The results indicated that the bulk of energy was consumed in fertilizer (38.22%), electricity (27.09%), manure (17.33%) and diesel-oil (13.65%). Average yield and energy consumption were calculated as 57,905.1 kg/ha and 61,434.5 MJ/ha, respectively. Results also determined an output–input ratio of 0.8 and a respective energy productivity and specific energy of 1.061 MJ/t and 0.94 kg/MJ. In addition, the Cobb Douglas production function was applied to test the relationship among different forms of energy consumption. The findings suggested that single crop tomato producers must optimize their use of indirect energy resources. Single crop producers applied an excess use of chemicals, resulting in an inverse effect on yield as well as imposing risks to natural resources and human health. This research suggested an expansion in energy use training opportunities to greenhouse farmers in the region.