cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Specific Grapho-Phonemic Skills in Elementary Students.

This study examines the relation between decoding and spelling performance on tasks that represent identical specific grapho-phonemic patterns. Elementary students (N = 206) were administered a 597 pseudoword decoding inventory representing 12 specific grapho-phonemic patterns and a 104 real-word spelling inventory representing identical grapho- phonemic patterns presented on the decoding inventory. Correlational and quantile regression analyses revealed a moderate to strong correlation between student performance in decoding and spelling tasks, with stronger relations found among more complex grapho-phonemic patterns and weaker relations found among less complex grapho-phonemic patterns. The results of this study support the utility of a spelling assessment with items representing a wide range of grapho-phonemic patterns as a screener for specific areas of grapho-phonemic knowledge weakness and provide educators with an efficient method of collecting the data needed to develop targeted interventions.
Current and Voltage Waveform Distortion Analysis on Three-Phase "Wye" Power Systems with Rectifier Loads

The analysis of transient current and voltage waveform distortion caused by capacitor input rectifiers on power systems is performed by the Laplace transform method. Typical circuit parameters are used in order to establish the validity of the transform methods when compared to oscilloscope recordings. The analysis proceeds from the solution of a typical rectifier as a single-phase load through interaction on a three-phase "wye" power system. The effects on the neutral conductor and power system transformer are described.
A 14 mW Fractional- N PLL Modulator With a Digital Phase Detector and Frequency Switching Scheme

In this work an all-digital phase detector for a fractional-N PLL is proposed and demonstrated. The phase detector consists of a single flip-flop, which acts as an oversampled 1 bit phase quantizer. A digital sampling scheme that enables FSK modulation rates much larger than the loop bandwidth is demonstrated, without compromising on the frequency accuracy of the output signal. A prototype 2.2 GHz fractional-N synthesizer incorporating the digital phase detector and sampling scheme is presented as a proof of concept. Although the loop bandwidth is only 142 kHz, an FSK modulation rate of 927.5 kbs is achieved. The 0.7 mm2 prototype is implemented in 0.13 mum CMOS consumes 14 mW from a 1.4 V supply.
Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals Contribute to Baroreceptor Dysfunction in Atherosclerotic Rabbits

The goal of the present study was to determine whether oxygen-derived free radicals contribute to baroreceptor dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Baroreceptor activity was measured from the carotid sinus nerve during pressure ramps in isolated carotid sinuses of anesthetized rabbits. Rabbits fed a 0.5% to 1.0% cholesterol diet for 7.9±0.4 months (mean±SE; range, 5.5 to 10) developed atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid sinuses. Maximum baroreceptor activity measured at 140 mm Hg and the slope of the pressure-activity curve were reduced in atherosclerotic (n=15) compared with normal (n=13) rabbits (425±34 versus 721±30 spikes per second and 6.2±0.6 versus 10.8±0.8 spikes per second per mm Hg, respectively, P r =.86, P r =.92). Mean arterial pressure was normal in both groups. Exposure of the carotid sinus to the free-radical scavengers superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase significantly increased maximum baroreceptor activity by 25±4% in atherosclerotic rabbits (n=6) but caused only small and irreversible changes in activity in normal rabbits (n=8). Catalase alone but not SOD also increased baroreceptor activity in atherosclerotic rabbits (n=7). Exposure of the carotid sinus of normal rabbits to exogenous free radicals generated from the reaction between xanthine and xanthine oxidase inhibited baroreceptor activity in a dose-dependent and reversible manner (n=8, P
Class-based delta-encoding: a scalable scheme for caching dynamic Web content

Web-caching performance is hard to increase further due to the growing number of non-cachable dynamic Web-documents. Delta-encoding is a promising technique that exploits temporal correlation among different snapshots of a dynamic document, and renders dynamic traffic cachable. However, it has not yet been deployed due to the significant scalability concerns related to the storage requirements for base-files on the server-side. We introduce class-based delta-encoding, a scalable scheme to perform delta-encoding on dynamic Web-traffic. The idea is to group documents into classes, and store one document per class on the server-side. Thus, the proposed scheme exploits both temporal correlation in a dynamically evolving document, and spatial correlation among different documents. Finally, we present an architecture to deploy the scheme, that is transparent to clients, proxy-caches, and Web-servers. Experimental results report that class-based delta-encoding combined with compression reduces the bandwidth consumption by a factor of 30, and the latency perceived by most users by a factor of 10 on average, without suffering from enormous storage requirements on the server-side.
The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake

Each of the macronutrients—carbohydrate, protein, and fat—has a unique set of properties that influences health, but all are a source of energy. The optimal balance of their contribution to the diet has been a long-standing matter of debate. Over the past half century, thinking has progressed regarding the mechanisms by which each macronutrient may contribute to energy balance. At the beginning of this period, metabolic signals that initiated eating events (i.e., determined eating frequency) were emphasized. This was followed by an orientation to gut endocrine signals that purportedly modulate the size of eating events (i.e., determined portion size). Most recently, research attention has been directed to the brain, where the reward signals elicited by the macronutrients are viewed as potentially problematic (e.g., contribute to disordered eating). At this point, the predictive power of the macronutrients for energy intake remains limited.
Freak Show: Modern Constructions of Ciceronian Monstra and Foucauldian Monstrosity

Monsters, a mixture of two realms, the animal and the human, have always defined the boundaries of society. Michel Foucault (1974–1975) suggests that monsters are living transgressions, deviations from a preconceived idea of “normal,” the kind of irregularity that calls law into question and disables it. Foucault’s theories of monstrosity reach back to Cicero and ancient etymologies, according to which monsters are things or people to be shown or displayed. Building off of Foucault’s notion of the insane as a representation of a monstrosity behind all criminality, this article analyzes qualitative research completed with sex offender parolees. Due to recent legislation, these individuals are forced to live in public with a visual surveillance technology permanently equipped to their body, thus displaying their status as “sex offender.” Throughout, we document how, in the modern construction of “monster,” technology is now an essential element in the codified relationship of “madness” and society. In concl...
Salmonella internalization in mung bean sprouts and pre- and postharvest intervention methods in a hydroponic system.

Mung bean sprouts, typically consumed raw or minimally cooked, are often contaminated with pathogens. Internalized pathogens pose a high risk because conventional sanitization methods are ineffective for their inactivation. The studies were performed (i) to understand the potential of internalization of Salmonella in mung bean sprouts under conditions where the irrigation water was contaminated and (ii) to determine if pre- and postharvest intervention methods are effective in inactivating the internalized pathogen. Mung bean sprouts were grown hydroponically and exposed to green fluorescence protein–tagged Salmonella Typhimurium through maturity. One experimental set received contaminated water daily, while other sets received contaminated water on a single day at different times. For preharvest intervention, irrigation water was exposed to UV, and for postharvest intervention–contaminated sprouts were subjected to a chlorine wash and UV light. Harvested samples were disinfected with ethanol and AgNO3 to...
Umbilical cord artery mechanical properties at various gestational ages.

Objective Umbilical cord tissue is naturally available after birth and may provide insight into the health of a newborn. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication of prematurity that is suspected to be associated with structural deficiency of the vasculature. We are interested in determining whether umbilical vessel properties could be used to indicate increased risk for IVH. As a first step toward this, we investigated umbilical artery properties as a function of gestational age. Study Design A total of 31 umbilical cord specimens were collected from births ranging from 24 to 40 weeks gestation. Specimens were grouped according to gestational age (less than 25, 26–30, 31–35, and 36–40 weeks). Tension tests were performed on axial and circumferential strips obtained from umbilical arteries. Stiffness, corresponding stretch values, and cross-sectional tissue areas were compared using analysis of variance. Results Stress-stretch curves displayed no apparent differences across the gestational age range. Statistical analysis of stiffness and stretch values suggested no differences between groups ( p > 0.05). Significance was shown between cross-sectional areas of some groups. Conclusions Mechanical characterization of umbilical arteries suggests that no significant changes in material properties occur in the range of 24 to 40 week gestational age.
Historical Review of Experimental Studies and Prediction Methods to Describe Laminar and Turbulent Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interactions in Hypersonic Flows

A historical review is presented of studies to examine the characteristics of regions of shock wave/boundary layer interaction in hypersonic flow to develop empirical, analytical and numerical prediction methods to describe these flows. We first review studies, starting in the early 1940s, to understand the flow mechanisms associated with boundary layer separation to develop empirical correlations and boundary layer methods to describe the characteristics of separated regions induced by shock wave/boundary layer interaction. We then discuss studies of separated flows over spiked bodies and indented nose shapes conducted to examine novel solutions for thermal protection systems and as test cases for CFD code validation. The early experimental studies to understand the characteristics of laminar interaction regions are reviewed together with predictions based on integral solutions to the boundary layer equation. Recent experimental studies to generate datasets for CFD validation are compared with the most recent Navier-Stokes and DSMC solutions. Studies to examine the characteristics of shock- and wedge-induced turbulent interaction regions are discussed together with correlations of their major characteristics and NavierStokes predictions. Experimental studies of shock/shock boundary layer interaction are reviewed together with prediction methods. This paper concludes with requirements for future research to develop models to describe effects of flowfield and surface chemistry, wall and shear layer transition, compressibility, shock turbulence interaction, and large-scale unsteadiness on models of turbulence to describe attached and separated regions of shock wave/boundary layer interaction.
Postulates for Boolean Algebras

The independence of postulates for well-known systems is a question of general interest. A closely related question is whether or not, by altering one or more of the postulates in an independent set, the set remains independent. From this standpoint the best sets of postulates are those which involve, first, the fewest postulates and, next, the least number of variables. As a rule progress is made in this direction at the sacrifice of simplicity of postulates. In this paper, in counting postulates, we ignore properties such as closure under the operations and count only identities or those stating that one equation implies another.
Growth and Development of the Golden Mouse, Ochrotomys nuttalli nuttalli

The growth and development of 108 litters of golden mice are described. The breeding season in eastern Tennessee extended from April to October. Litter sizes varied between one and four with an average of 2.65 young per litter for 85 litters. A significant difference was found between spring and fall litter sizes. The shortest gestation period was 25 days. The morphological and behavioral development of young mice was generally similar to that reported by Layne (1960). Average weights and measurements from birth through 12 weeks of age are presented. Various developmental events during the early life of young mice were found to significantly influence daily relative growth rates. A continual slow growth was evidenced by adult golden mice through 56 weeks of age. Spring-born mice were heavier and had smaller measurements than fall-born animals.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Bladder Exstrophy

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital abnormality where the urinary bladder, anterior pelvis, and genitalia fail to close in the midline, resulting in the bladder being located externally along th...
A Numerical Leaching Model for Solidified/Stabilized Wastes

A numerical leaching model is described which considers interactions among four components. One is calcium, which is associated with the alkalinity of the treated waste. One is the hydrogen ion and one is lead, which represents a contaminant that can precipitate as a hydroxide. The other is acetate, which is associated with the acid used in the leaching solution. A chemical equilibrium sub-model calculates concentrations of eight species as a function of the total concentration of the four components. A modified Crank-Nicholson algorithm is used to solve the dynamic material balances for each component in the solid. The results of the numerical model agree well with predictions of a simple analytical model for infinite bath. The model is applied to simulate leaching conditions such as found during an acidic leaching test such as the TCLP. The simulated behavior of calcium and pH is simple, but lead is found to initially leach from the solid and then to leach back into the solid. This behavior is described in terms of the interaction between lead chemistry and calcium chemistry. The model shows that lower concentrations of contaminants in the TCLP test can be achieved in some cases by increasing the leachability characteristics of the treated solid. Therefore, the TCLP test is not always a good method for measuring leachability of contaminants from solidified wastes.
Design and Implementation of SNMP Agent′s Expanding

SNMP protocol which is widely used in network management is introduced.It includes SNMP network management model,development of SNMP and choice of software packet.The design scheme and implement process of SNMP agent's expanding realized by the aid of Linux operating system are discussed by using the free open Net-SNMP software packages.The testing result indicates that the design can efficiently achieve the function remote management,and is practicable and instructive in other remote monitoring area with safety requirement.
Analysis of cleaning and disinfecting effect of central air conditioning in some public places of Kunshan City

[Objective]To compare the sanitary status of central air conditioning in some public places of Kunshan City before and after cleaning and disinfecting.[Methods]A total of 10 public places with central air conditioning in Kunshan City were randomly selected for hygiene indicators detection before and after central air conditioning cleaning.The effect was evaluated.[Results] After cleaning,the dust volume and blast respirable particulate matter(PM) 10 in ventilation system were significantly decreased.In central air conditioning,the total bacterial count in ventilation showed a significantly positive correlation with total bacterial count in pipeline dust.The total fungi count in ventilation was significantly correlated with total bacterial count in ventilation,total bacterial count in pipeline dust and total fungi count in pipeline.[Conclusion]After cleaning,the dust volume was decreased significantly in central air conditioning,but the indicators of bacteria and fungi are not optimistic.The disinfection management of central air conditioning still needs to be standardized.
Biogenesis of the mouse egg's extracellular coat, the zona pellucida.

Abstract Biogenesis of the zona pellucida (ZP), the extracellular coat that surrounds all mammalian eggs, is a universal and essential feature of mammalian oogenesis and reproduction. The mouse egg's ZP consists of only three glycoproteins, called ZP1–3, that are synthesized, secreted, and assembled into an extracellular coat exclusively by growing oocytes during late stages of oogenesis while oocytes are arrested in meiosis. Expression of ZP genes and synthesis of ZP1–3 are gender-specific. Nascent ZP1–3 are synthesized by oocytes as precursor polypeptides that possess several elements necessary for their secretion and assembly into a matrix of long fibrils outside of growing oocytes. Failure to synthesize either ZP2 or ZP3 by homozygous null female mice precludes formation of a ZP during oocyte growth and, due to faulty folliculogenesis and a paucity of ovulated eggs, results in infertility. High-resolution structural analyses suggest that ZP glycoproteins consist largely of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like folds and that the glycoproteins probably arose by duplication of a common Ig-like domain. Mouse ZP1–3 share many features, particularly a ZP domain, with extracellular coat glycoproteins of eggs from other vertebrate and invertebrate animals whose origins date back more than 600 million years. These and other aspects of ZP biogenesis are discussed in this review.
Subtyping in the borderline realm by means of Rorschach analysis.

Characteristics of responses involving thematic concerns and defenses that are hypothesized as differentiating between affective and schizophrenic- spectrum illness can be reliably scored in the Rorschach records of borderline subjects. In this study, two groups of borderlines, one with schizotypal and one with characterologic affective-unstable diagnoses, were distinguished. Findings suggest the usefulness of content analysis of the Rorschach in discriminating subtypes of borderline pathology.
Effect of exogenous estrogen and progesterone upon sex chromatin frequency.

The influence of sex hormones upon sex chromatin positive cells was investigated in buccal smears obtained from 3 men with XXY Klinefelters syndrome and from buccal and vaginal smears from 2 normal postmenopausal women. The levels for buccal chromatin positivity buccal pyknosis vaginal chromatin positivity and vaginal pyknosis are tabulated for baseline results estrogen influence and progesterone influence (Administered to the women only). Generally estrogen markedly reduced vaginal and buccal sex chromatin positive cells whereas pyknosis increased though this inverse relation did not always occur. Progesterone was seen to decrease sex chromatin positivity with no increase in pyknosis. No secondary chromosomal abnormalities were observed in response to estrogen administration. The possible actions of estrogen and progesterone in altering the vaginal and buccal epithelia are discussed. It was concluded that the hormonal milieu is able to change the frequency of sex chromatin positivity and that this is likely due to an alteration of the mitotic cycle.
Culture Is King

Culture includes the visible elements of the organization, the espoused values and public statements, and the shared basic assumptions—values, norms, and archetypes. Differences between schools, between departments within schools, or between factions within a department can often be accounted for on the basis of values. A leader’s success will depend on the fit between his or her values and those of the school. Opposition can also occur when unspoken archetypes are in conflict. Whatever you want to accomplish—whether it’s negotiating for resources, mediating conflict, seeking compliance with a policy, or stimulating change—depends on affirming underlying values, norms, and archetypes or, when necessary, redefining them to meet new goals. Schemas are provided to help you define these differing values and archetypes.
Development of Effective Procedures for Illicit-Discharge Risk Mapping

AbstractAuthorities of municipal separate storm-sewer systems (MS4s) are required to address illicit discharges as part of the United States’ National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System’s (NPDE...
Abstract 1683: Dual role of semaphorin5A in maintaining epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype in metastatic pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive disease and in general has metastasized to distant organs by the time of its clinical diagnosis. Poor five-year survival rate of 7% with an average survival time of 5-8 months highlight the gravity of the situation and necessitate a better understanding of the molecules and mechanisms that lead to metastatic dissemination in PC. One of the key processes that lead to metastasis is the gain of cellular migration ability. Previous reports from our laboratory have identified semaphorin5A (SEMA5A), an axon guidance cue molecule regulating cellular migration, as a putative cell adhesion molecule which is involved in organ-specific homing during PC metastasis. Also, differential expression of SEMA5A was observed in cells derived from metastatic sites in comparison to those arising from primary tumors. On the basis of the these findings, we hypothesize that SEMA5A regulates epithelial to mesenchymal changes necessary to drive cellular migration and further leads to establishment of these cells at secondary sites. We utilized various cellular models such as the L3.3 and L3.6pl cell lines with different metastatic potential, cell lines derived from metastatic sites (Capan-1 and CD18/HPAF) with stable knock down of SEMA5A, and cell lines derived from primary tumors (Panc1) with overexpression of SEMA5A. We evaluated epithelial and mesenchymal markers, in vitro cellular migration and the metastatic potential of these cells. We observed down regulation of E-cadherin expression and re-localization of beta-catenin from the membrane to the nucleus in SEMA5A knockdown cells. Similarly, overexpression of SEMA5A in Panc1 cells resulted in higher E-cadherin expression. We also observed higher SEMA5A and E-cadherin expression in the highly metastatic L3.6pl cells in comparison with L3.3 cells. Furthermore, knock-down SEMA5A in Capan-1 cells resulted in enhanced in vitro cellular migration and higher metastasis when control or SEMA5A knockdown cells were orthotopically implanted in nude mice. Our observations suggest that SEMA5A plays a bi-functional role in mediating epithelial to mesenchymal transition at primary site while regulating mesenchymal to epithelial transition and establishment at secondary sites. Citation Format: Sugandha Saxena, Abhilasha Purohit, Michelle Varney, Surinder K. Batra, Rakesh K. Singh. Dual role of semaphorin5A in maintaining epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype in metastatic pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1683.
Social Class and Prosocial Behavior: The Moderating Role of Public Versus Private Contexts

Associations between social class and prosocial behavior—defined broadly as action intended to help others—may vary as a function of contextual factors. Three studies examined how making prosocial ...
Tree Graphs and Orthogonal Spanning Tree Decompositions

Given a graph G, we construct T (G), called the tree graph of G. The vertices of T (G) are the spanning trees of G, with edges between vertices when their respective spanning trees differ only by a single edge. In this paper we detail many new results concerning tree graphs, involving topics such as clique decomposition, planarity, and automorphism groups. We also investigate and present a number of new results on orthogonal tree decompositions of complete graphs.
Li-Fraumeni syndrome presenting as mucosal melanoma: Case report and treatment considerations.

BACKGROUND Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a familial cancer predisposition associated with a germline mutation in TP53. Patients with LFS are at risk of developing malignancies and require comprehensive screening. We describe an index case of LFS presenting with mucosal melanoma. METHODS A 21-year-old woman presented with a left maxillary mucosal lesion and a left neck mass. Biopsies revealed metastatic mucosal melanoma, which is a pathology previously unreported in LFS families. Genetic testing revealed LFS, with a germline TP53 mutation, and pedigree analysis identified 9 first-degree and second-degree relatives with hematologic malignancies. RESULTS The patient underwent a maxillectomy and left neck dissection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. At 30-month follow-up, there was no evidence of local, regional, or distant failure, nor did she develop a second primary tumor. CONCLUSION This represents the first reported case of LFS associated with mucosal melanoma. Treatment considerations, specifically the risks of adjuvant therapy in LFS, are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: E20-E22, 2017.
Evaluation of proteases and protease inhibitors in Heterodera glycines cysts obtained from laboratory and field populations

Proteases and protease inhibitors were evaluated in preparations of Heterodera glycines cysts (nHglCE) obtained from glasshouse cultures (GH) and a field (LR) population. Using a FRET-peptide library comprising 512 peptide substrate pools that detect four endoprotease types (aspartic, cysteine, metallo- and serine), we found that the relative distributions of six endoproteases within the four catalytic types were similar among GH and LR preparations. However, levels of mean protease activity (Vmax s −1 ( μ g nHglCE) −1 ) across all 512 pools varied nearly eight-fold among the preparations. This variation was not related to cyst source. These qualitative (type distribution) and quantitative relationships persisted when analysis was restricted to the top 40% (activity) pools. Analysis of the top 4% of activity pools revealed some substrate cleavage site preferences between the GH and LR proteases. GH and LR preparations also differed significantly in digestion rates of trypsin and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) substrates, with LR rates two-fold greater than GH rates for each protease. By contrast, inhibition of trypsin activity in Meloidogyne incognita extracts by heat-denatured preparations (hHglCE) was 1.6-fold greater with GH hHglCE than with LR hHglCE. Inhibition of MMP activity was the same (>60%) for each hHglCE. Fractionation of GH and LR hHglCE preparations by RP-HPLC (CH 3 CN/0.1% TFA system) yielded protease inhibition profiles that were similar for GH and LR. MMP inhibitors eluted at 35-40% CH 3 CN, and trypsin inhibitors eluted at both 5% and 35-40% CH 3 CN, suggesting the possibility of peptide as well as other small molecular weight inhibitors. These discoveries illustrate the importance of examining H. glycines cysts as a source of materials for novel nematode controls.
Severity of the Parent to F1 Graft-Versus-Host Reaction in Irradiated Germfree Mice

Lethally irradiated mice protected with allogeneic hemopoietic cells do not survive as long as those protected with syngeneic hemopoietic cells due to a “secondary disease.” This observation was first made by Barnes and Loutit in 1954 (l,2), and “secondary disease” was more fully characterized by Congdon and Urso in 1957 (5). This disease is primarily due to an immune reaction of grafted cells against the host tissues, the graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction (10). Uphoff (l5,l6) demonstrated a similar lesion in lethally irradiated F1 hybrid mice which had been treated with parental strain bone marrow. Schwartz, Upton, and Congdon (13) first described the “foreign spleen reaction,” a GVH disease resulting from injection of parental spleen cells into sublethally irradiated F, hybrid mice.
Dielectric properties, heating rate, and heating uniformity of various seasoning spices and their mixtures with radio frequency heating

Abstract Low moisture foods, including seasoning spices, have been associated with a number of multi-state outbreaks of salmonellosis in the past decade. The long-term objective of this study was to develop an effective in-package pasteurization treatment for seasoning mixtures based on radio frequency (RF) heating. Seasoning spices obtained from grocery stores included red, white, and black pepper; cumin; curry powder; and garlic powder with moisture contents ranging from 3.1 to 12.3% (wet basis). The dielectric properties (DP) of the seasoning spices and their mixtures as influenced by frequency, moisture, temperature, mixing fraction and salt content were determined using a precision LCR meter and liquid test fixture at frequency ranging from 1 to 30 MHz. The RF heating rates of each spice and their mixtures were evaluated using a 27.12-MHz, 6-kW pilot scale RF system with 105 mm gap between electrodes. To evaluate the effect of mixing on heating uniformity, a sample (50 g) was placed into a polystyrene plastic cylindrical container and heated to 70 °C, and surface images were taken by an infrared camera. The results showed that the relationship among moisture content, temperature and DP of white pepper can be explained by a second-order model at 13.56 and 27.12 MHz. The DP and heating rates of spice mixtures ranged between the highest and lowest values of their respective individual spices. Increase in salt content resulted in a decrease in heating rate, which resulted a better heating uniformity with smaller uniformity index (UI). The RF heating rate of samples ranged from 2.97 to 23.61 (°C min−1). The highest heating rate in samples was in a correspondence to the worst heating uniformity, and highest average temperature on the sample surface. The most uniform heat distrubition on top surface was obtained for garlic powder as 0.012 (UI) at 70 °C. The information obtained from this study is important to develop an effective RF heating strategy for pathogen control in seasoning mixture.
Desiccation tolerance is associated with Staphylococcus aureus hypertransmissibility, resistance and infection development in the operating room.

Summary Background Desiccation tolerance increases Staphylococcus aureus survival and risk of transmission. A better understanding of factors driving intraoperative transmission of S. aureus pathogens may lead to innovative improvements in intraoperative infection control. Aims To determine whether desiccation tolerance is associated with intraoperative S. aureus transmission, and to examine typical transmission dynamics for desiccation-tolerant isolates in the operating room in order to provide the impetus for development of improved intraoperative infection control strategies. Methods S. aureus isolates (N=173) were collected from anaesthesia work area reservoirs in 274 operating room environments. Desiccation tolerance was assessed and the potential association with sequence type (ST) and clonal transmission was evaluated. Whole cell genome analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis were used to compare desiccation-tolerant isolates with causative organisms of infection. Findings S. aureus ST 5 isolates had greater desiccation tolerance than all other intraoperative STs [ST 5, N=34, median Day 2 colony-forming unit (cfu) survival 0.027% ± 0.029%; other STs, N=139, median Day 2 cfu survival 0.0091% ± 1.41%; corrected P=0.0001]. ST 5 was associated with increased risk of clonal transmission (relative risk 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.23–2.71, P=0.003). ST 5 transmission was linked by whole cell genome analysis to postoperative infection. Conclusions Increased desiccation tolerance is associated with intraoperative transmission of S. aureus ST 5 isolates that are linked to postoperative infection. Future work should determine whether attenuation of desiccation-tolerant, intraoperative ST 5 strains can impact the incidence of healthcare-associated infections.
Psychosocial Assessment of Alleged Victims of Child Maltreatment

In a medical-based setting, a social worker performs a psychosocial assessment to determine the needs and well-being of a family. In doing so and often as part of a multidisciplinary team, the social worker may be the first to suspect a child has been maltreated resulting in the legal mandate to report the incident to the state child protection agency for investigation. The purpose of this chapter is to present the components of a psychosocial assessment that a social worker in a medical-based setting performs. It also discusses key elements of interviewing caregivers and children while interviewing the role of social workers on a multidisciplinary team, and the differences between a clinical social work psychosocial assessment and child protection investigation. Finally, it outlines the steps of the CPS process from investigation to termination of services.
Efeitos do exercício físico no ambiente de trabalho no tratamento da dor lombar: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Background The prevalence of low back pain is high among the economically active population. Low back pain reduces productivity and causes absenteeism, impaired quality of life and leaves of absence. Several measures were suggested to reduce the occurrence of this occupational condition, among which physical exercise at the workplace stands out. Aim To analyze studies which assessed physical exercise at the workplace for treatment of low back pain. Methods The present study consisted of a systematic review with meta-analysis. An electronic search was conducted on database MEDLINE using keywords "workplace," "low back pain" and "exercise," synonyms and headings located on Health Sciences Descriptors and Medical Subject Headings. We considered all the studies that included physical exercise at the workplace and defined low back pain as outcome. Results We located 499 potential studies and finally included 15 for review. The duration of treatment varied from 3 weeks to 18 months, and the main interventions were strength and stretching exercises and muscle relaxation. Conclusions The meta-analysis showed that physical exercise at the workplace did not reduce the occurrence of low back pain (difference of means=0.62, 95%CI -0.8-2.04, p<0.4). The present systematic review was registered in database PROSPERO, registration number CRD42017071563.
Snowmelt variation contributes to topoclimatic refugia under montane Mediterranean climate change

Improved knowledge of the influence of climate parameters on the distribution of plant species is needed to identify potential refugia under climate change. Species abundance of trees, mainly conif...
Intratympanic Therapies in Ménière Disease: Evaluation of Outcomes and Early Vertigo Control

Objective To evaluate outcomes of intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone and gentamicin in Meniere Disease (MD). Methods Charts of adult patients with unilateral definite MD receiving IT gentamicin or dexamethasone from 2005 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had at least 6 months follow-up. Failure in each group was defined as the need for more aggressive therapy. Prior to 2011, all patient received IT gentamicin, administered as primary therapy after failure of conservative treatment measures. Gentamicin was administered every 2 weeks, up to three injections, until vertigo control was achieved. Beginning in 2011, the treatment protocol shifted to IT dexamethasone as initial treatment, with gentamicin used for dexamethasone failures. Dexamethasone was administered weekly for up to three injections. Treatments could be repeated if symptoms recurred. Results Thirty-three patients received IT dexamethasone, and 70 patients received IT gentamicin. Dexamethasone patients received a mean of 3.3 injections compared to 2.7 in the gentamicin group (P = 0.011). There were 12 (38%) failures in the dexamethasone group and only seven (10%) gentamicin failures (P = 0.025). No patients failed both treatments. The mean time to failure in the dexamethasone group was 5 months, whereas in the gentamicin group it was 27 months. Change in pure tone audiometry from baseline was not different between treatment groups (P = 0.30). Conclusion Subjects receiving IT gentamicin required fewer injections and had a significantly longer time to failure than IT dexamethasone. Audiometric outcomes were similar between the groups. The use of IT gentamicin as initial therapy for early and long-term control of MD is safe and effective. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 129:216-221, 2019.
Oriented hypergraphic matrix-tree type theorems and bidirected minors via Boolean order ideals

Restrictions of incidence preserving path maps produce oriented hypergraphic All Minors Matrix-tree Theorems for Laplacian and adjacency matrices. The images of these maps produce a locally signed graphic, incidence generalization, of cycle covers and basic figures that correspond to incidence-k-forests. When restricted to bidirected graphs, the natural partial ordering of maps results in disjoint signed Boolean lattices whose minor calculations correspond to principal order ideals. As an application, (1) the determinant formula of a signed graphic Laplacian is reclaimed and shown to be determined by the maximal positive-circle-free elements, and (2) spanning trees are equivalent to single-element order ideals.
Modal delay and modal bandwidth measurements of bi-modal optical fibers through a frequency domain method

Abstract We propose a simple and robust frequency domain method for measuring modal delay and bandwidth of bi-modal optical fibers. An analytical transfer function model is formulated showing excellent agreement with experimental results for relatively short fibers. Using the model, a full set of information can be extracted, including modal delay and modal bandwidth under any launch conditions. As a result, one can obtain a worst-case modal bandwidth that can gauge the fiber modal bandwidth under general conditions. In addition, the frequency domain measurement method and the analytical model are validated through the excellent agreements with the time domain measurement results. The analytical model is also generalized for longer fiber lengths when additional degradation effects become significant to alter the behavior of the transfer function. Through the detailed study, we show that the simple frequency domain measurement method as facilitated by the analytical model can deliver a full set of modal delay and modal bandwidth information that otherwise requires more complex method of differential mode delay measurements.
Modeling Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement with Anterior Leaflet Laceration using In Vitro and Computational Paradigms

Objective: Transcatheter anterior leaflet laceration is thought to mitigate the risk of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and valve thrombosis (due to flow stasis) following transca...
Curvature and Topology

In this final chapter, we bring together most of the tools we have developed so far to prove some significant local-global theorems relating curvature and topology. Before treating the topological theorems themselves, we prove some comparison theorems for manifolds whose curvature is bounded above. These comparisons are based on a simple ODE comparison theorem due to Sturm, and show that if the curvature is bounded above by a constant, then the metric in normal coordinates is bounded below by the corresponding constant curvature metric.
From mixed methods to strategic research design

This paper contrasts mixed methods design with strategic research design. Mixed methods research both advocates for itself as always better than singular research methods, while also seemingly allo...
Power Delivery for High-Performance Microprocessors—Challenges, Solutions, and Future Trends

The power delivery requirements for the early microprocessors were fairly rudimentary due to the relatively low power levels. However, several decades of exponential scaling powered by Moore’s law have greatly increased the power requirements and the complexity of the power delivery scheme. The breakdown in Dennard scaling in the mid-2000s has ushered in the multicore era which has increased the number of cores and the power consumption in microprocessors. The steady growth in the power levels and the number of power rails in high-performance microprocessors have increased the power delivery challenges. Integrated voltage regulators (IVRs) have emerged as a key power delivery technology to address these challenges. There are a number of IVR schemes implemented on-die ranging from the simple power gate to fully integrated switching regulators. After covering the fundamentals of power delivery, this article discusses the pros and cons of different types of IVR as well as the technology ingredients required to meet future IVR requirements. This article concludes with a section on advanced packaging technologies that are being developed and needed to enable heterogeneous integration and their impact on power delivery.
COVID-19 Risk in Youth Club Sports: A nationwide sample representing over 200,000 Athletes.

CONTEXT: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost every aspect of life including youth sports. Little data exists on COVID-19 incidences and risk mitigation strategies in youth club sports. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reported incidence of COVID-19 cases among youth club sport athletes and the information sources used to develop COVID-19 risk mitigation procedures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Online surveys. PATIENTS: Soccer and volleyball youth club directors. INTERVENTION: A survey was completed by directors of youth volleyball and soccer clubs across the country in October 2020. Surveys included self-reported date of re-initiation, number of players, player COVID-19 cases, sources of infection, COVID-19 mitigation strategies, and information sources for the development of COVID-19 mitigation strategies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total number of cases reported, number of players, and days since club re-initiation were used to calculate an incidence rate of cases per 100,000 player-days. To compare reported incidence rates between soccer and volleyball, a negative binomial model was developed to predict player cases with sport and state incidence as covariates and log(player-days) as an offset. Estimates were exponentiated to yield a reported incidence rate ratio (IRR) with Wald confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 205,136 athletes (soccer=165,580; volleyball=39,556) were represented by 437 clubs (soccer=159; volleyball=278). Club organizers reported 673 COVID-19 cases (soccer=322; volleyball=351), for a reported incidence rate of 2.8 cases per 100,000 player-days (soccer=1.7, volleyball=7.9). Volleyball had a significantly higher reported COVID-19 incidence rate compared to soccer (reported IRR = 3.06 [2.0-4.6], p<0.001). Out of 11 possible mitigation strategies, the median number of strategies used by all clubs was 7 with an interquartile range of 2. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of self-reported cases of COVID-19 was lower in soccer clubs than volleyball clubs. Most clubs report using many COVID-19 mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of COVID-19.
Restoring a Degraded, Sentinel New England Salt Marsh to Mid-20th Century Conditions (Flax Pond, New York, U.S.A.)

Swanson, R.L.; Giglio, K.W., and Chi, L., 2021. Restoring a degraded, sentinel New England salt marsh to mid-20th century conditions (Flax Pond, New York, U.S.A.). Journal of Coastal Research, 37(5), 993–1011. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Flax Pond, located between Crane Neck and Old Field Point on the north shore of Long Island, is designated as a Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife Habitat by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and as a Scenic Recreational Reserve by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. The pond's tidal prism has been reduced about 18% over the past half-century as its inlet has shoaled and its tidal range diminished 33%, 0.6 m, all in low water. Reduced flushing has led to loss of wetlands, reduced water quality, increased pond salinity, and nighttime summertime hypoxia with concomitant reduction in pH. Historic charts, topographic surveys, and vertical aerial photographs were used to study the evolution of the pond's inlet from Long Island Sound (LIS). Tide, tidal current, and water quality observations were made and/or historical measurements were acquired at these locations: the pond's inlet, a proposed seawater intake for the Flax Pond Marine Laboratory, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) water quality station some 650 m into the pond. The flux of water through the inlet from LIS and the change in bed slope through the pond inlet were measured. USGS data within the pond were used to determine when hypoxic conditions are likely to occur: an increase in bottom-water salinity of 2.1 in 9 years and in the elevation of low water of 18 mm y–1 from 2008–14. The environmental benefits of reconfiguring the inlet to increase the tidal prism to that of the 1970s were explored. This would reduce the existing flushing time by more than 50%. The design of the cross-sectional shape for the inlet is based on this tidal prism and a compatible depth entering LIS; it should stabilize the inlet opening and improve much needed pond flushing.
Building Student Communities in Spite of the Pandemic

In times when the Humanities at large have suffered reductions in enrollments, the ability to build student communities has been seminal to the survival of many departments. Building student communities for language departments in particular includes planning conversation hours, movie nights, and cultural events aimed at attracting students and raising retention rates. The Covid-19 pandemic has forced departments across the country to modify not only their course formats, but also the events offered outside of the regular teaching schedule. In this article, we will discuss the shift that the Italian Language Program at Indiana University Bloomington decided to apply to our community building activities during and after the transition from in-person to an online mode of instruction. In order to translate several events planned for the rest of the spring semester into an online environment, we had to resort to the extensive use of social media, such as Instagram and Facebook. Moreover, it was necessary to find creative ways to completely rethink our outreach efforts while still being relevant. Through a tight collaboration among language instructors, we invented and implemented a series of new activities (such as online bingo and cooking lessons) as well as translated those that were crucial for our program to exist and thrive into an online environment. A Karaoke Project that was originally intended to be the highlight of the academic year presented the greatest challenge in organization and modification; and yet, with creativity and an open-minded attitude, we managed to successfully finish the project with high student participation.