cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reductive carbonylation of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride in a room temperature chloroaluminate molten salt

Abstract A room temperature chloroaluminate molten salt, or ionic liquid, has been employed as an effective medium for the reduction carbonylation of Cp 2 TiCl 2 . The room temperature melt was composed of aluminum chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) with an AlCl 3 :EMIC molar ratio greater than one, termed an acidic melt. Addition of sodium metal to the acidic melt produced an active aluminum reagent which effectively reduced Cp 2 TiCl 2 to the Ti(III) complex Cp 2 Ti(AlCl 4 ) 2 − . Exposure of this Ti(III) complex to carbon monoxide gas produced a Ti(III) carbonyl having the proposed formula Cp 2 Ti(CO) 2 + . This Ti(III) dicarbonyl can be subsequently reduced to Cp 2 Ti(CO) 2 .
Comments on Petryszak's “The Biosociology of the Social Self”

(1981). Comments on Petryszak's “The Biosociology of the Social Self”. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 133-135.
An alternative approach to histopathological validation of PET imaging for radiation therapy image-guidance: A proof of concept

Purpose In radiotherapy, PET images can be used to guide the delivery of selectively escalated doses to biologically relevant tumour subvolumes. Validation of PET for such applications requires demonstration of spatial coincidence between PET tracer uptake pattern and the histopathologically confirmed target. This study introduces a novel approach to histopathological validation of PET image segmentation for radiotherapy guidance.
High Performance Processor Development for Consumer Electronics Game Processor Perspective

The development of customized solutions for optimized consumer electronics applications like game processors is pushing the boundaries of VLSI in many ways. The author will describe architectural, circuit, packaging and manufacturing challenges focusing on why game processors are different and require unique solutions. A historical perspective of gaming and entertainment systems and their intersection with leading edge processor design will provide insight into future trends and needs in VLSI design.
“A Belief in Humanity is a Belief in Colored Men:” Using Culture to Span the Digital Divide

Building on Harrison and Zappen’s (2003) contention that technologies are infused with the values and social goals of their creators, I argue that Web content reproduces existing norms, rules, and power relations, some of which may prove inimical to Black identity, culture, and information needs. To explore this claim, I construct a culture-specific framework based on W. E. B. DuBois’ analysis of race and racism in the United States, that is then used as an evaluation schema for web content in the form of images, links, and text on mainstream Web sites vis-a-vis Africana.com. The results of the analysis uncover basic cultural differences in the design of and responses to mainstream and African-American sites.
Sexual dimorphism in the human post-reproductive life-span: Possible causes

Abstract The fact that human females exhibit a post-reproductive life-span (menopause) and males do not is considered in evolutionary perspective. Two possible non-adaptive (incidental) explanations are discussed and rejected on available evidence. This sex difference is then considered as a possible adaptive response to differential parental investment tendencies of the two sexes. This hypothesis is evaluated in the context of sexual selection theory and the pattern of other observed sex differences in Homo sapiens . Finally, an attempt is made to explain the emergence of contemporary human investment patterns in terms of the changing patterns of parental certainty brought about by the Neolithic revolution. Cross-cultural data on investment patterns by subsistence type are used to test this hypothesis.
Formation of rings from Drosophila DNA fragments

Abstract Double-helical fragments of Drosophila polytene chromosome DNA, that have been treated with exonuclease, will form rings by the association of complementary single chains. These rings are abundant (about 15%) and thermally stable, a fact that indicates that they are closed by hundreds of complementary nucleotides. The frequency of rings declines with increasing fragment length. This must mean that the repetitious sequences, which are responsible for the rings, are clustered into many relatively short regions along the chromatid. The average length of these regions (called g-regions) is near 5 μm, or about one-half the average length of DNA per chromomere, assuming a mononemic chromatid. The number of g-regions is likely to be near 5000—the number of bands seen in the salivary chromosomes. It is suggested that a g-region is a component of the chromomere.
Inflammation induced by mast cell deficiency rather than the loss of interstitial cells of Cajal causes smooth muscle dysfunction in W/Wv mice

The initial hypothesis was that the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) acted as obligatory intermediaries of enteric neurotransmission to smooth muscle cells. Much information for this hypothesis came from studies in W/Wv mice lacking ICC. However, mast cells, which play critical roles in regulating inflammation in their microenvironment, are also absent in W/Wv mice. We tested the hypothesis that the depletion of mast cells in W/Wv mice generates inflammation in fundus muscularis externae (ME) that impairs smooth muscle reactivity to ACh, independent of the depletion of ICC. We performed experiments on the fundus muscularis externae from wild type (WT) and W/Wv mice before and after reconstitution of mast cells by bone marrow transplant. We found that mast cell deficiency in W/Wv mice significantly increased COX-2 and iNOS expression and decreased smooth muscle reactivity to ACh. Mast cell reconstitution or concurrent blockade of COX-2 and iNOS restored smooth muscle contractility without affecting the suppression of c-kit in W/Wv mice. The expression of nNOS and ChAT were suppressed in W/Wv mice; mast cell reconstitution did not restore them. We conclude that innate inflammation induced by mast cell deficiency in W/Wv mice impairs smooth muscle contractility independent of ICC deficiency. The impairment of smooth muscle contractility and the suppression of the enzymes regulating the synthesis of ACh and NO in W/Wv mice need to be considered in evaluating the role of ICC in regulating smooth muscle and enteric neuronal functions in W/Wv mice.
The scarring processes in mucosal tissuesafter immune injury

Abstract Objectives: An important feature of the healing processes is scar formationwhich may be necessary for organism survival. If it proceeds to the pathological state, it may impair normal function. The purpose of this review is to focus on some of the factors that may influence this process after immune injury, comparing it in the skin and mucosa. Methods: A detailed literature search of peer-reviewed journals was conducted. Studies reported in all languages considered relevant and important were used, including humans, animals, and tissue culture. Results: Analysis of the data indicate that the scarring process is mainly dependent on (1) the type of the lesion, (2) the cause and duration of injury, and (3) the tissue involved and its microenvironment. Equally important is the large spectrum and heterogenicity in the biological activity of fibroblasts and their role in scar formation. Conclusions: The process of scar formation is complex and multistep processand is affected and influenced by local and systemic factors. Although it appears irreversible, there are pharmacological agents available, and under investigation, that may minimize its detrimental effects.
Utilitarianism and the Evolution of Ecological Ethics

R.M. Hare’s two-level utilitarianism provides a useful framework for understanding the evolution of codes of professional ethics. From a Harean perspective, the codes reflect both the fact that members of various professions face special kinds of ethically charged situations in the normal course of their work, and the need for people in special roles to acquire various habits of thought and action. This highlights the role of virtue in professional ethics and provides guidance to professional societies when considering modifications to their codes. From a Harean perspective, a professional society should ask both “Are there kinds of situations that members of this profession will normally encounter which members of other professions and/or the general public will not?” and “What habits of thought and action would it be good for individuals encountering such situations to have?”
Surface Modification of Glycidyl-Containing Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microchips Using Surface-Initiated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization

Fabrication of microfluidic systems from polymeric materials is attractive because of simplicity and low cost. Unfortunately, the surfaces of many polymeric materials can adsorb biological samples. Therefore, it is necessary to modify their surfaces before these polymeric materials can be used for separation and analysis. Oftentimes it is difficult to modify polymeric surfaces because of their resistance to chemical reaction. Recently, we introduced a surface-reactive acrylic polymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (PGMAMMA), which can be modified easily and is suitable for fabrication of microfluidic devices. Epoxy groups on the surface can be activated by air plasma treatment, hydrolysis, or aminolysis. In this work, the resulting hydroxyl or amino groups were reacted with 2-bromoisobutylryl bromide to introduce an initiator for surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) layers grown on the surface using this method were uniform, hydro...
A Review and Evaluation of Logistics Performance Measurement Systems

Logistics encompasses a complex set of activities which require a collection of metrics to adequately measure performance. Ideally, the performance metrics used should be selected and maintained as a system, so they complement and support each other and provide the decision makers with a well balanced picture of the logistics process. Often in practice, however, performance measurement systems are not formally managed or evaluated. The result is a performance measurement “system” where the interrelations between the metrics are not known, duplication is frequent, and omission is undetectable. This paper addresses this shortcoming by developing a set of evaluation criteria for logistics performance measurement systems and applying it in two case studies.
NOAA Space Environment Center mission and the GOES space environment monitoring subsystem

The mission of the NOAA Space Environment Center (SEC) is to serve the nation's need to reduce adverse effects of solar- terrestrial disturbances on humankind's activities. To meet this need, SEC: 1) acquires, interprets, and disseminates space weather information; 2) prepares and disseminates forecasts and alerts of conditions of the space environment; 3) conducts research and development in solar-terrestrial physics and in techniques to improve monitoring and forecasting; 4) prepares high quality data for national archives; 5) uses its expertise to advise and educate those affected by variations in the space environment. Users are provided information in the form of forecasts, nowcasts, data, advice, support, expertise, and publications about conditions in the solar-terrestrial environment. The space environment monitors on GOES spacecraft provide space weather observations from the Sun to Earth and form the basis of the SEC real-time operation. The X-ray sensor (XRS) monitors solar flare activity and serves as the international standard for rating the intensity of flares. Flares are observed and classified according to the intensity of their emission on the XRS sensor. Forecasts of the occurrence of solar flares are expressed in terms of the measurements from the XRS. SEC also issues a daily index of the background solar radiation based on the XRS measurements. SOlar particle events (SPE) and energetic electron event s are detected using the energetic particle sensor (EPS) on GOES. Alerts and forecasts of the occurrence of SPE are made in terms of the fluxes of charged ions (mostly protons) measured by the EPS. Alerts are issued for energetic electron events based on the EPS measurements.
Observation of large atomic-recoil-induced asymmetries in cold atom spectroscopy

The atomic-recoil effect leads to large (25%) asymmetries in a nearly ideal form of saturation spectroscopy based on Ca atoms that have been laser-cooled to 10 {mu}K. Starting with spectra from the more familiar Doppler-broadened domain, we show how the fundamental asymmetry between absorption and stimulated emission of light manifests itself when shorter spectroscopic pulses lead to the Fourier transform regime. These effects occur on frequency scales much larger than the size of the recoil shift itself, and have not been described before in saturation spectroscopy. These results directly impact precision spectroscopic measurements.
Inhibition of redox cycling of methoxatin (PQQ), and of superoxide release by phagocytic white cells.

Abstract The iodonium compounds diphenyleneiodonium and diphenyliodonium, and the amine compounds, 4,5-dimethyl phenylene diamine, N,N-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene diamine, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methyleneoxybenzene, and aminomalononitrile inhibit methoxatin's (PQQ's) redox activity in vitro, that is, the methoxatin-coupled oxidation of glycine and reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan. The compounds mentioned above also inhibit phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated superoxide release by phagocytic white cells—determined mainly as the superoxide dismutase sensitive reduction of ferricytochrome C. Related compounds, 3,4-diaminopyridine and 4-dimethylamino-benzylamine, did not inhibit redox activity of PQQ in vitro, nor did they inhibit PMA stimulated superoxide production in monocytes or neutrophils. Thus, there is a correlation between an agent's ability to inhibit PQQ redox cycling and its ability to inhibit superoxide release by phagocytes. The findings area further indication that PQQ is involved in the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells.
Feline mammary basal-like adenocarcinomas: a potential model for human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with basal-like subtype.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an immunophenotype defined by the absence of immunolabeling for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 protein, has a highly aggressive behavior. A subpopulation of TNBCs exhibit a basal-like morphology with immunohistochemical positivity for cytokeratins 5/6 (CK5/6) and/or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and have a high incidence of BRCA (breast cancer susceptibility) mutations. Feline mammary adenocarcinomas (FMAs) are highly malignant and share a similar basal-like subtype. The purpose of this study was to classify FMAs according to the current human classification of breast cancer that includes evaluation of ER, PR and HER2 status and expression of basal CK 5/6 and EGFR. Furthermore, we selected triple negative, basal-like FMAs to screen for BRCA mutations similar to those described in human TNBC. Twenty four FMAs were classified according to the current human histologic breast cancer classification including immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ER, PR HER2, CK5/6 and EGFR. Genetic alteration and loss of heterozygosity of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were analyzed in triple negative, basal-like FMAs. IHC for ER, PR and HER2 identified 14 of the 24 (58%) FMAs as a triple negative. Furthermore, 11of these 14 (79%) triple negative FMAs had a basal-like subtype. However, no genetic abnormalities were detected in BRCA1 and BRCA2 by direct sequencing and loss of heterozygosity analysis. FMAs are highly aggressive neoplasms that are commonly triple negative and exhibit a basal-like morphology. This is similar to human TNBC that are also commonly classified as a basal-like subtype. While sequencing of a select number of triple negative, basal-like FMAs and testing for loss of heterozygosity of BRCA1 and BRCA2 did not identify mutations similar to those described in human TNBC, further in-depth evaluation is required to elucidate a potential role of BRCA in the tumorigenesis of triple negative, basal-like FMAs. The strong similarities in clinical behavior, morphology and IHC phenotype suggest that triple negative, basal-like FMAs may be a suitable spontaneous animal model for studying novel therapeutic approaches against human basal-like TNBC.
A FOUR-NODE QUADRILATERAL MIXED-INTERPOLATED ELEMENT FOR SOLIDS AND FLUIDS

A four-node quadrilateral element is presented which shows promise for general compressible and incompressible two-dimensional analysis of solids and fluids. The element is based on a mixed interpolation of displacements (velocities), pressure and strains (velocity strains). We show that the element satisfies a numerical inf-sup test, and give results of some analysis problems that demonstrate the capabilities of the element.
The impact of IGM dust on supernova cosmology

Abstract Over the next decade, SN Ia experiments will provide accurate luminosity distance measurements and test the nature of dark energy. Cosmic dust extinction is a potential source of systematic uncertainty which can bias the interpretation of the dark energy parameter inference. Here, we review some of the results based on a generic model of intergalactic gray dust and the impact it may have on the estimation of a dark energy equation of state parameter from Monte Carlo simulated SN Ia data.
Two weakly coupled Heisenberg chains. Solution in continuous limit.

Using the bosonization procedure proposed for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain in Ref. 8 we obtain the effective Hamiltonian for the system of two weakly coupled Heisenberg chains with the XXZ anisotropy as the sum of two sine-Gordon Hamiltonians. It appears that this simple system reveals a rather rich variety of properties in different regions of anisotropy. We calculate the spin-spin correlation functions; two-spin correlation functions decay exponentially but there are regions where the four-spin correlation functions decay as a power law. In particular, if both the inter- and intrachain exchange interactions are isotropic and the interchain exchange is ferromagnetic correlations of the chirality field χ=S1×S2 (the indexes 1 and 2 numerate the chains) are enhanced and their correlation functions follow a power law. In this case coupling between pairs of chains can lead to chiral ordering in three dimensions.
Charge-exchange spectra near the injection energy in tokamaks equipped with tangential neutral beams – experiment and theory

A relatively simple theory is developed to predict the energy spectrum of charge-exchange neutrals emitted from a tokamak at energies near that of a tangentially injecting neutral beam. The theory is based on a solution to the Fokker-Planck equation which is valid near the injection energy and angle. It is compared with detailed charge-exchange measurements of ion bunches slowing down in the ATC plasma, with steady-state spectrum measurements, and with rise-time measurements of the spectrum near the injection energy after the beam is turned on. Each of these is a test of the classical nature of the slowing-down process, and each gives excellent agreement with theory. On the basis of these results, the theory is used to show how a collimated neutral-beam probe combined with a multi-sight-line detector can be used to measure radial profiles of background neutral density, and of Zeff.
Five new species of calea (Compositae: Heliantheae) from planaltine Brazil

Described from the Planalto of Brazil are:Calea quadrifolia, C. heteropappa, andC. abbreviata of sectionMeyeria,C. intermedia of sectionLemmatium, andC. lutea of sectionCalea. The relationships of each are discussed and a key to the nearest relatives of each is provided. Additionally, all butC. intermedia are illustrated.
Immunoregulatory abnormalities in evans syndrome

Immune function in six patients with Evans syndrome (Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia) was compared to that in seven with chronic ITP. The two groups differed in measurements of T-cell subsets and immunoglobulin production. Evans syndrome patients had decreased T4 (T-helper) (P = 0.025), increased T8 (T-suppressor) (P = 0.008), and a decreased ratio of T4:T8 cells (P = 0.0009) when compared to controls. Results in chronic ITP patients were similar to those in controls. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA levels and in vitro synthesis of IgG and/or IgM were decreased in most Evans syndrome patients. Diminished in vivo and in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in Evans syndrome is consistent with the decreased T4:T8 ratio in these patients. The altered T4:T8 ratio may represent an unsuccessful response to an autoimmune process in which the trigger is unknown.
DYNAMICAL MODEL OF HADRONS WITH FERMION QUARKS.

A dynamical quark model of hadrons is constructed in terms of the usual triplet of fractionally charged spin-\textonehalf{} quarks ($q$). They have a light mass ($\ensuremath{\approx}300$ MeV) and obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. In approximate nonrelativistic terms, the quark interactions are assumed to be described by a long-range effective single-particle Hartree potential with infinitely rising walls and by a strong short-range Yukawa-type one between quark pairs. These combine to prevent single-quark emission from a hadron and to give the observed early scaling and the asymptotic electromagnetic form factors $\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{1}{{t}^{2}}$. The energy-momentum propagating in the field between the interacting quarks is idealized as a virtual particle (the "core" of the baryon) so that the center of mass of the three quarks in the baryon and of the $q\overline{q}$ in the meson is not constrained. Implications of this model are discussed---in particular, the baryon wave functions and energy spectrum, the form-factor behavior, the Adler anomaly for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay, and the hadronic interactions.
A Note on Visualizing Response Transformations in Regression

A new graphical method for assessing parametric transformations of the response in linear regression is given. We simply regress the response variable Y on the predictors, find the fitted values, and then dynamically plot the transformed response Yλ against those fitted values by varying the transformation parameter λ until the plot is linear. The method can be used also to assess the success of numerical response transformation methods and to discover influential observations. Modifications using robust estimators can be used as well.
Biopsies of the lung and atrial appendages in mitral stenosis: Correlation of data from cardiac catheterization with pulmonary vascular lesions☆

Abstract Lung biopsies from twenty-three patients with mitral stenosis who were studied by cardiac catheterization prior to mitral commissurotomy were examined histologically. In the majority of cases the muscular arteries and arterioles exhibited prominent fibroelastic intimal thickening, and in 32 per cent the media appeared hypertrophic. In general, a positive correlation existed between the degree of vascular alteration and the pulmonary arteriolar resistance and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in the more severe cases of pulmonary hypertension. The hemodynamic pattern varied considerably in patients who exhibited less severe vascular lesions. A functional component was believed to be of as great importance in the development and maintenance of pulmonary hypertension as the organic vascular changes. It was considered that surgery should not be denied the patient either on the basis of data obtained by cardiac catheterization of because of the pulmonary vascular lesions, which are not usually severely obstructive although almost always present. The histologic findings in seventy-five resected atrial appendages were reviewed; the results were in general agreement with those of other recent investigations.
Cryoglobulinemia and cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with hepatitis C virus infection

Hepatitis C virus infection is a frequent cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide. Resultant morbidity is significant; chronic liver disease develops in 50% of infected persons. Since serologic testing has become available there have been several reports of cutaneous findings in association with hepatitis C virus infection, including vasculitis, cryoglobulinemia, urticaria, and lichen planus. We describe a patient with cryoglobulinemia, chronic cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatitis C virus infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of the causes of cryoglobulinemia and leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
A COMPARISON OF COMPATIBILITY CONSTRAINT FORMULATIONS IN SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Abstract This paper details results of a comparative study of the formulation of equality constraints used in the method of Simultaneous ANalysis and Design (SAND). A Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) optimizer is used to evaluate the efficacy of three different forms of equality constraints referred to as compatibility constraints in the SAND based optimization procedure. Three Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) test problems are used in evaluating the efficacy of the compatibility constraint formulations. Results highlight that the form of the compatibility constraints can have a significant impact on the performance of the SAND based procedure.
geminal-dehalosilylation of α-halo-β,β-dimethylvinyltrimethylsilanes: generation of isopropylidene carbene

Abstract Treatment of α-chloro- or α-bromo-β,β-dimethylvinyltrimethylsilane with anhydrous tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF) in diglyme containing olefins led to isopropylidenecyclopropanes. A stepwise geminal dehalosilylation leading to isopropylidene carbene appears to be involved. The carbene is a species of low electrophilicity (ϱ0.41) and reacts stereospecifically with 2-butene. The substrates α-chloro-β,β-diphenylvinyltrimethylsilane, E -1-chloro-1-trimethylsilypropene and α-chlorovinyltrimethylsilane afford only acetylenes when treated with TMAF.
Firefighter Staffing Including Temporary Absences and Wastage

We examine the problem of determining the annual staffing level that minimizes total expected costs for a fire department, subject to minimum service-level-based staffing requirements. We develop a quantitative model that allows for stochastic temporary absences, permanent wastage, and limited hiring opportunities, and takes into account the unique firefighter work schedule. Our model is reminiscent of traditional newsvendor-type inventory models, but where the uncertainty is dependent on the decision variable. We derive easily implementable optimal staffing policies for both the continuous and discrete cases. We provide numerical results comparing our optimal solution to several heuristic staffing policies commonly used in practice, which show that our optimal policy can provide significant savings. We perform sensitivity analysis to generate managerial insights. We discuss an application of our model and analysis to the Cincinnati Fire Department.
Spectral and spatial characterization of rice field mosquito habitat

Irrigated rice provides an ideal breeding habitat for Anopheles free-borni, the western malaria mosquito, throughout California. In a 1985 study, it was determined that early-season rice canopy development, as monitored using remotely sensed data, could be used to distinguish between high and low mosquito producing rice fields. This distinction could be made over two months prior to peak mosquito production. It was found that high-producing fields were located in an area characterized by a diversity of land use, including livestock pastures, whereas the low-producing fields were in an area devoted almost exclusively to the cultivation of rice. The ability to distinguish between high and low mosquito producing fields prior to peak mosquito production is important in terms of mosquito habitat surveillance and control.
SIMS analysis of oxide films grown on incoloy 800 heat exchanger material

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to investigate the composition of oxide films that grow on Incoloy 800 surfaces exposed to hot steam. These in-situ formed oxide coatings have been proposed as tritium barriers for candidate heat exchanger materials that would be used in a thermonuclear fusion power reactor. Quantified SIMS data showed that sample pretreatment, including electro-polishing, annealing and cold working, affected the composition of the oxide film that subsequently forms on the Incoloy surface. In a corollary study SIMS was used to determine the composition changes induced in the surface region of Incoloy 800 samples as a consequence of laser annealing. Oxide films grown, via hot steam exposure, on these surfaces were also analyzed using SIMS. Relative sensitivity factors, indexed by a matrix ion species ratio, were used to quantify SIMS data obtained from the Incoloy 800 alloy. Oxygen pressures ⪖ 2.7 × 10-4 Pa in the sputtering region resulted in enhanced sensitivity and gave superior quantitative results compared to data obtained at instrument residual pressure.
Game Theoretic Algorithms for Protein-DNA binding

We develop and analyze game-theoretic algorithms for predicting coordinate binding of multiple DNA binding regulators. The allocation of proteins to local neighborhoods and to sites is carried out with resource constraints while explicating competing and coordinate binding relations among proteins with affinity to the site or region. The focus of this paper is on mathematical foundations of the approach. We also briefly demonstrate the approach in the context of the λ-phage switch.
Employment outcomes of persons with a mental disorder and comorbid chronic pain.

Objective: This study examined the independent and interactive effects of common mental disorders and chronic pain conditions on employment and work outcomes among individuals under 65 years old. Methods: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the second wave of Healthcare for Communities (HCC2), a household telephone survey of U.S. civilian adults conducted in 2000-2001 (N=5,328). Common mental disorders were assessed by using the short-form version of the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Chronic pain conditions and employment outcomes were identified by self-report. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to provide estimates for work impairment on the basis of the presence of a mental disorder or a chronic pain condition or both. Results: The interaction between presence of a mental disorder and presence of a chronic pain condition was significantly associated with no work for pay in the past 12 months (odds ratio=2.3,95% confidence interval=1.2-4.2) and number of days of work missed in the past month because of health (regression coefficient=1.47, SE=.59). In stratified analyses this effect persisted for women but not for men. The presence of a mental disorder and the presence of a chronic pain condition were each independently associated with limitations in work and any work missed in the past 30 days because of health, although the interaction was not significant. Conclusions: Mental disorders and chronic pain are each associated with work disability. Mental disorders are more strongly associated with some work disability outcomes when they are accompanied by chronic pain, especially among women.
The Effect of a Longitudinal Gravitational Field on the Supercavitating Flow Over a Wedge

The free-streamline flow past a symmetrical wedge in the presence of a longitudinal gravitational field is determined with a linearized theory. The proportions of the cavity depend upon the cavitation number and Froude number. The drag coefficient is likewise affected by gravity, though to a smaller extent.
The case for precision sharing

Sharing has emerged as a key idea of static and adaptive stream query processing systems. Inherent in these systems is a tension between sharing common work and avoiding unnecessary work. Increased sharing has generally led to more unnecessary work. Our approach of precision sharing aims to share aggressively without unnecessary work. We show why "adaptive" tuple lineage is more generally applicable and use it for precisely shared static dataflows. We also show how "static" ordering constraints can be used for precision sharing in adaptive systems. Finally, we report an experimental study of precision sharing.
Loa loa infection without microfilaraemia.

Abstract A diagnosis of loasis without microfilaraemia was made in the United States of America 8 to 11 years after the patient's exposure in an endemic area of Central Africa. Surgical removal of 5 parasites from the patient's eyelids during a span of 7 years revealed that all were mature, unfertilized females. A unisexual infection reported in this case appears to be another cause of amicrofilaraemia in loasis. The erratic behaviour of Loa loa parasites, combined with amicrofilaraemia for years after the patient's exposure to infection may cause a very difficult diagnostic problem.
Paraffin-Section Detection of CD10 in 505 Nonhematopoietic Neoplasms Frequent Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma

We tested 505 cases of nonhematopoietic neoplasms by immunohistochemistry using a newly characterized monoclonal antibody (clone 56C6) against the CD10 antigen. CD10 was expressed widely in neoplasms of the genitourinary tract, including 41 (89%) of 46 cases of renal cell carcinoma, 13 (54%) of 24 cases of transitional cell carcinoma, and 11 (61%) of 18 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, 5 (100%) of 5 endometrial stromal sarcomas, 3 (60%) of 5 rhabdomyosarcomas, 7 (50%) of 14 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 5 (45%) of 11 cases of schwannoma, and 12 (40%) of 30 cases of malignant melanoma also were positive for CD10. Similar to normal tissue, CD10 positivity was restricted to the apical surface of malignant glandular cells of well-differentiated colonic, pancreatic, and prostatic adenocarcinoma, whereas in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and other tumors, such as melanoma, transitional cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma, the CD10 positivity showed diffuse cytoplasmic or membranous/Golgi patterns. The monoclonal antibody clone 56C6 is a reliable marker for CD10 in paraffin immunohistochemistry after heat-induced epitope retrieval. CD10 expression in renal cell carcinoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma may be a useful marker in the differential diagnoses of these tumors because both tumors otherwise lack specific markers.
Towards a framework for collaborative peer groups

We propose the notion of 'collaborative peer groups', defined as peer-to-peer overlay networks with controlled membership and multiway communication primitives that offer well-defined semantics. Peers join such groups subject to symmetric acceptance, typically based on functional commonalities and, optionally, group-specific authentication. Collaborative peer group networks share the same properties as other peer-to-peer networks, including full decentralization, symmetric abilities, and dynamism. In addition, however, an extensible set of multiway communication primitives, especially appropriate for such peer groups, is provided and supports operations such as reliable message delivery to proximal group members or a subset thereof, message aggregation from peers, and discovery of peers supporting specific functional attributes. Based on several current and emerging application scenarios, we motivate and present the proposed collaborative peer group model, outline the group management architecture, and describe the initial set of communication primitives to be supported. A discussion of the toolkit development methodology and preliminary experiences concludes the paper.
Comments on Wilde's Notes on “Risk Homeostasis Theory and Traffic Accident Data”

My paper had two conclusions, namely, that the risk homeostasis throry should be rejected because: 1) there is no convincing evidence supporting it; and 2) there is much evidence refuting it. Although offering many conmments on my paper, Wilde does not address the first conclusion. Thus, after more than a decade of advocacy, he still offers no convincing evidence in support. Instead, he criticizes the evidence I presented and interpreted to refute his claims. His criticisms are in some cases that the data are too uncertain to mane any inferences, while in other cases the inferences appear to be accepted, but various ad hoc artuments are offerec to explain why results, which on face value certainly seem to contradict his claims, are nonetheless not incompatible with them.... Language: en
Determinants of Privatization Prices

Generating government revenue is a common objective in privatization. This paper asks what determines privatization prices using firm-level data for all 236 Mexican companies privatized between 1983 and 1992. There are three main reasons why net prices—auction prices net of the cost of prior restructuring measures—are low, averaging 54 cents per dollar of assets. First, privatization prices are very sensitive to the level of competition in the auction and restrictions often limited participation. Second, the privatization process took too long, and lengthier privatizations are associated with lower premiums. Third, firm prior restructuring measures absorbed an average of 33 percent of the auction price. Most restructuring measures do not increase price and delay privatization further. Net prices would have increased by 71 cents per dollar of assets if the government had emphasized speed, succeeding in divesting assets in one year less than the average, and firing the CEO were the only restructuring step taken.
Utilizing Local Partnerships to Enhance Workforce Development.

The Indiana Center for the Life Sciences, an award-winning partnership between education, government, and the private sector, houses state-of-the-art science labs, classrooms, and industry training space for community college students and local employers. This innovative partnership prepares both the current and future workforce for careers in the life science industry.
Mate recognition in a simultaneous hermaphroditic shrimp, Lysmata wurdemanni (Caridea: Hippolytidae)

Male crustaceans must find and identify receptive females to mate successfully. Sex recognition depends mainly on sex pheromones, which are detected by antennae and antennules. Distance (soluble) pheromone mediates mating behaviour of some decapod crustaceans. Contact pheromone (an insoluble coating on the body surface) has been proposed but not confirmed to be used by male decapod crustaceans to detect females. Here we report for the first time the involvement of both distance and contact pheromones in the mating processes of a decapod crustacean, Lysmata wurdemanni, a protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite. Euhermaphrodite-phase (EP) shrimp can mate only as females during the small window of the postmoult period, during which they secrete both distance and contact sex pheromones to attract males. Male shrimp tracked, recognized and courted the receptive EP shrimp based on both distance and contact sex pheromones, but responded aggressively to newly moulted male shrimp. Male shrimp with their chemosensory appendages ablated appeared unable to identify EP shrimp and neither courted nor copulated with them. As reported for other decapod crustacean species, the outer flagella of the antennules house the receptors of the distance pheromone, whereas both antennae and antennules can detect the contact pheromone. Shrimp could still mate successfully without the distance pheromone. These results suggest that contact pheromone, in addition to distance pheromone, is involved in mediating the mating behaviour of L. wurdemanni. Moreover, contact pheromone may be more important than distance pheromone in the mating process. Selection of the sex pheromone system of L. wurdemanni may be driven by social environment.
Cavity optomechanical sensors for atomic force microscopy

We develop a silicon cavity optomechanical sensor for atomic force microscopy through near-field coupling between a nanocantilever and microdisk cavity. The device exhibits sub-fm/ VHz displacement sensitivity, GHz bandwidth, and > 60 dB of dynamic range.
Climatology of Diffusion Potential Classes for Minneapolis–St. Paul

Abstract This climatological study reports on the potential for atmospheric diffusion at Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota, cities located in the heart of the North American continent. As such, the results can be considered typical of an urban setting within a continental climate. Data were obtained from a nearly continuous 8-yr record of vertical temperature and wind measurements made on a 152.4-m tower. Temperature lapse rates between 21.3 and 152.4 m were grouped into three stability categories: 1) isothermal–inversion, 2) subadiabatic, and 3) superadiabatic. A subdivision of each was based upon wind speeds of less than 4 m s−1 and greater than or equal to 4 m s−1, resulting in six classes that were examined according to wind direction, time of day, time of year and, most importantly, the associated synoptic conditions. The isothermal–inversion condition was limited to nighttime periods, especially when high pressure centers were dominant and winds were less than 4 m s−1. The highest frequency of occurre...
Utilization of and Adherence to Oral Contraceptive Pills and Associated Disparities in the United States: A Baseline Assessment for the Impact of the Affordable Care Act of 2010.

This study investigated sociological factors that may influence women’s utilization of and adherence to oral contraceptive pills. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using the 2010–2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Female adults aged 18–50 years were included. Logistic regression was performed to discern women’s decisions to use oral contraceptive pills or not. Ordinary least squares and Poisson regressions were conducted to examine the number of oral contraceptive pills received, refill frequency, and annual out-of-pocket expenditure on oral contraceptive pills. Covariates were based on the Andersen model of health care utilization. Among the study sample (weighted n = 207,007,531), 14.8% were oral contraceptive pill users. Factors positively related to oral contraceptive pill use included non-Hispanic white ethnicity, younger age, not currently married, having private insurance, residing in the Midwest, higher education level, and higher annual family income. Being non-Hispanic white and...
National Identity on a Shifting Border: Texas and New Mexico in the Age of Transition, 1821–1848

Traditionally, we have told the story of how nations emerged as a triumphant tale of domination exerted by a determined center over reluctant peripheries and by persuasive officials over skeptical masses. The literature depicts state formation and nation building as originating from the core outward and from top to bottom. Sitting at the apex of all political and social organizations, the state has been granted the leading role. After all, it was the state that built the infrastructure linking the center to all corners of the nation, increasing the network of communications within a territory and thus helping integrate a national market. Under the auspices of the state, a nationalist ideology was fashioned and disseminated to all prospective citizens. And it was the state bureaucracy, employing novel means of communication such as mass education, that perpetuated the nation unto subsequent generations. Whether accounts spotlight institutions or identities, the underlying theme is centralization: The national state wins out over lesser political organizations and potential challengers, and the people divest themselves of previous ethnic or local loyalties as the nation becomes their overriding identity.1 This core-periphery, top-down model has recently come under criticism. In particular, E. J. Hobsbawm has made a crucial methodological point: Although nations tend to be promoted from above, they nevertheless have to be analyzed and understood from below, "in terms of the assumptions, hopes, needs, longings and interests of ordinary people, which are not necessarily national and still less nationalist." People's perceptions (and not nationalist propaganda) constitute the most critical yardstick against which we can measure the success of attempts at national construction. Historians and theorists have been understandably concerned with state-sponsored nationalist discourse, but they have been less adept at explaining why this discourse
Organ weights in albino rats with experimental rickets

Of the 118 rats used for this work, 37 were normal controls and 81 were young rats which had been fed various diets by Professor McClendon to produce experimental rickets.1 The 81 test rats were autopsied and classified on the basis of gross skeletal appearance and previous X-ray examination as follows: 27 apparently normal, or nearly so; 19 with slight rickets; 19 with moderate rickets; and 16 with severe rickets. The diagnosis was also confirmed by microscopic examination, although the histological charges were found somewhat variable.The weights of the various organs and parts were compared with the norms for corresponding body length or weight established by Hatai, Jackson and Donaldson. The percentage deviation was calculated for each organ and averaged for the five groups. The chief results are briefly summarized.The body weight and tail length appear nearly normal (for corresponding body length) in all. In the rachitic rats the organs may be grouped as follows:A decrease occurs in the weight of the...
A study of mycoplasma infection in 312 cases of children's community acquired pneumonia

Objective:To investigate the mycoplasma infection in 312 cases of children's community acquired pneumonia(CAP),to provide the clinical therapy experience.Methods:312 cases of children's community acquired pneumonia(CAP) were divided into four groups,the MP-IgM were detected,which infection rate were compared by different age and seasons.Results:The overall positive rate of mycoplasma IgM in 312 cases was 19.9%.The ratios of mycoplasma infection among the four groups were respectively 5.9%,14.8%,49.2% and 56.1%,showing significant differences between school-age and school-age prophase.Conclusion:The mycoplasma infection is closely related to school-age but season.
Elevation of Ceramide in Senescence: Role of Sphingolipid Metabolism

Sphingolipids play a wide variety of roles in biological systems. In cancer, the sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate play offsetting roles in balancing cell proliferation with senescence and survival with death. By tipping the balance toward more ceramide and less sphingosine-1-phosphate cells are less prone to survive and proliferate. Cellular senescence is thought to have evolved as a mechanism to limit cancer growth. Senescent cells produce higher levels of ceramide and this appears to contribute to this phenotype. Ceramide is at the hub of metabolism of a variety of sphingolipids. Ceramide levels are determined through the balance of a large group of enzymes. In senescence, several of these are modulated in a coordinated fashion such that ceramide levels are kept elevated compared to their proliferative cell counterparts. Ceramide can work through a variety of targets including PKC, PP2A, PP1, phospholipase D, kinase suppressor of Ras and cathepsin D. By blocking the action of the phospholipase D and PKC ceramide can, in part, maintain these cells in a postproliferative state. There are a variety of pharmaceutical tools available to modulate sphingolipid levels in cells through the enzymes that metabolize them. These have proven very promising for potential cancer drugs.