cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Long-Run Creditworthiness of Developing Countries: Theory and Practice

This paper analyzes the determinants of developing country long-run creditworthiness, focusing on the process of capital accumulation relative to external debt. Creditworthiness depends on the actual capital stock compared with a critical level, representing the gross wealth just sufficient to ensure that interest payments to foreigners never exhaust national output given expected gross inflows and existing outstanding debt. Hence, the probability of rescheduling is linked to debt service-capital, net inflows-capital, investment rates, and income levels. The empirical results, based on a probit analysis of historical rescheduling incidents, are quite robust and supportive of the theoretical framework.
A posteriori error estimates for one-dimensional convection-diffussion problems

This paper is concerned with the upwind finite-difference discretization of a quasilinear singularly perturbed boundary value problem without turning points. Kopteva's a posteriori error estimate [1] is generalized and improved.
Standardizing Factors in Electrocardiography

Modifications in recorder standardization are required to correct inherent scalar differences among potential differences measured in a given electrocardiographic reference frame. In the frontal plane, agreement between the resultant vectors calculated from unipolar limb lead measurements and from standard lead measurements can be obtained by standardizing the galvanometer for recording the unipolar limb lead potentials at √3 cm. per millivolt. A method for calculating this "standardizing factor" and similar factors for other reference frames is presented and applied to calculations for the equilateral tetrahedron, the isosceles tetrahedron, and the cube.
Verification and Validation for Trustworthy Software Systems

A continuous and proactive process for conducting verification and validation of systems involves using scenario-based testing to validate whether formal assertions correctly capture the intent of the natural language requirements. The process is automated through the use of statechart assertions and runtime execution monitoring. The statechart assertions can be used as part of a system reference model in support of independent verification and validation of trustworthy systems.
Sensory rhodopsins of halobacteria.

PHOTOTAXiS .•• ..... ...• •.... ...••.• .....•. 195 Motility in Unstimulated Conditions 195 Influence of Light Gradients: Modulation of Reversal Frequency 195 Color Sensitivity: Phototaxis Action Spectra . ......... ........ . . . ......... ........ 197 SENSORY RHODOPSIN-I: A COLOR-DISCRIMINATING RECEPTOR 198 Ion Flux Mutants . . . . . 198 Absorption Properties 199 Structure of the Chromophore Binding Site 201 Color-Sensing Mechanism 202 Photochemical Reaction Cycle of sR-I587 203 Spectra of Photointermediates . 204 Photocycle Kinetics In Vivo 205 SENSORY RHODOPSIN-II: THE BLUE-GREEN REPELLENT RECEPTOR ... . . . . . .... . . ....... . . . ...... . . ..... 206 Absorption Spectrum 206 Photochemical Reaction Cycle of sR-II480 206 � BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE RECEPTORS 207 Identification of Two Distinct Apoproteins by Retinal Radiolabeling 207 Biosynthesis 208 Other Properties 209 RECEPTOR COUPLING TO THE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION SYSTEM ....... 209 Receptor Reactions and Signaling Kinetics 210 Phototaxis Mutants 211
Audiology Practice Management (second edition)

This is the second edition of this text which was published in 2007. The first edition was published in 2000. In the preface to the second edition, the authors state that in the seven-year period b...
Against Thinning and Teleology Politics and Objects in the Face of Catastrophe in Lear and Von Trier

In this essay, I write a companion piece to Bonnie Honig’s commentary on “Public Things.” In looking at Honig’s comments on Jonathan Lear’s Radical Hope and Lars von Trier’s film Melancholia, I focus on the question of stealth teleologies, particularly in Lear’s case. I argue that what Lear calls “radical hope” is not particularly radical. Instead, it disguises a teleology whereby, passing through some catastrophe, redemption follows. Against this kind of automatism, I argue that in Honig’s own reading, we find the grounds for a turn away from teleology and toward radical contingency, a way of connecting with and via objects that allows us access to an agonal and anti-teleological form of politics (something that I also see as being offered in von Trier’s film).
Rank determination and analysis of non-linear processes by global linearizing transformation

A method of rank determination which can also be used to construct models for some non-linear processes by means of a global linearizing transformation (GLT) is presented. A test case using the theoretical properties of an ideal gas is analyzed for comparison with the log linearization. A real data set from a Taguchi sensor array is analyzed by the method and the results are compared with previous work. The linearizing transformations are constructed using spline functions for the examples treated in this paper, although other kinds of functions can be used.
VMR: VLSI-compatible metallic carbon nanotube removal for imperfection-immune cascaded multi-stage digital logic circuits using Carbon Nanotube FETs

Metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) create source-drain shorts in Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs) resulting in excessive leakage (I on /I off ≪ 5) and highly degraded noise margins. A new technique, VLSI-compatible Metallic-CNT Removal (VMR), overcomes metallic CNT challenges by combining layout design with CNFET processing. VMR produces CNFET circuits with I on /I off in the range of 103-105, and overcomes the limitations of existing metallic-CNT removal techniques. VMR enables first experimental demonstration of complex cascaded CNFET logic circuits. Such logic circuits are immune to both mis-positioned and metallic CNTs.
Multiuser detection of synchronous CDMA signals by the Gibbs coupler

Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) is a multiplexing technique which has become a driving force behind the rapidly advancing communications industry. In order to recover transmitted signals at the receiver when CDMA is used, multiuser detection techniques are engaged. In the past, various techniques have been developed to approach the performance of the optimum multiuser detector, and we have the same objective. We propose a new multiuser detector which is developed under the Bayesian framework and implemented by a novel efficient perfect sampling algorithm called the Gibbs coupler. The simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed detector.
The Impact of Siblings with Disabilities on Their Brothers and Sisters Pursuing a Career in Special Education.

It is well known that growing up with a sibling who has a disability has both positive and negative impacts on the non-disabled sibling (Beckman, 2002; Fisman, Wolf, Ellison, & Freeman, 2000; Gans, 1997; McHugh, 2003). In fact, the concern for ameliorating the potential negative impacts on nondisabled siblings has been a major impetus for the development of sibling support groups and agencies serving families of children with disabilities for a number of years (Gallagher et al., 2000; Powell & Gallagher, 1993). This article reports on a project in which we explored this sibling experience from the perspective of those who chose to enter the field of special education. The current study involved interviews with 7 individuals who have chosen special education as a career in order to understand what may have contributed to this decision as well as how their experiences growing up with a brother or sister who has a disability influenced their work and their views of special education.
Aging and death education

Abstract An analysis of the relationship between the frequency of death education courses and morality was carried out in order to examine Blauner's (6) hypothesis concerning the social impact of the death of the elderly, as well as to ascertain the extent to which higher education curricula are responsive to the need for information relating to death and dying. Data indicate that there is a high relationship between the frequency of death education courses and elderly deaths, suggesting that, from an academic or educational point of view, Blauner's social worth hypothesis is not supported. Implications for death education and aging are discussed.
What is the experience of psychiatry residents learning to prescribe? A qualitative research inquiry.

AbstractBackground: Understanding how psychiatry residents learn to prescribe is important for the future of psychiatry. Prescribing is a complicated act that involves much more than signing a prescription. During residency, psychiatrists develop seminal attitudes and habits about prescribing. There have been no published studies focusing on psychiatry residents’ experience when learning to prescribe.Aims: Qualitative methodology lends itself to a deep exploration of the process of learning how to prescribe. We undertook a qualitative study questioning psychiatry residents about their prescribing.Methods: Psychiatry residents were recruited from three residency programs and focus groups were conducted at each program. The focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed by a professional service. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data and triangulation to increase the rigor of the study.Results: A total of 12 residents participated. Three themes were identified concerning identity development as a psy...
Automatic Test Stimulus Generation for Diagnosis of RF Transceivers Using Model Parameter Estimation

In this brief, an optimized test stimulus generation technique is proposed for model parameter computation-based diagnosis and testing, which can provide a very compact deterministic test signal and results in significant reduction in test time. The proposed test stimulus generation algorithm maximizes the accuracy with which a nonlinear solver can determine RF transceiver model parameters from raw downconverted test response data. The simulation results show that using optimized test signals, a comprehensive range of model parameters can be computed accurately using a single data acquisition. Data from experiments performed on a hardware prototype are shown to validate the proposed methodology.
Differential Regulation of the Three Methanol Methyltransferase Isozymes in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A

Genetic analysis of the three methanol-specific methyltransferase 1 operons (mtaCB1, mtaCB2, and mtaCB3) in Methanosarcina acetivorans led to the suggestion that each of them has a discrete function during growth on methanol, which might be reflected in differential gene regulation (Pritchett and Metcalf, Mol. Microbiol. 56:1183-1194, 2005). To test this suggestion, reporter gene fusions were constructed for each of the three operons, and their expression was examined under various growth conditions. Expression of the mtaCB1 and mtaCB2 fusions was 100-fold and 575-fold higher, respectively, in methanol-grown cells than in trimethylamine (TMA)-grown cells. The mtaCB3 fusion was expressed at low levels on methanol, TMA, and dimethylamine but was significantly upregulated on monomethylamine and acetate. When TMA- or acetate-grown cultures were shifted to methanol, the mtaCB1 fusion was expressed most highly during exponential phase, whereas the mtaCB2 fusion, although strongly induced prior to mtaCB1 expression, did not reach full expression levels until stationary phase. The mtaCB3 fusion was transiently expressed prior to entry into exponential phase during a TMA-to-methanol substrate shift experiment. When acetate-grown cells were shifted to medium containing both TMA and methanol, TMA utilization commenced prior to utilization of methanol; however, these two substrates were consumed simultaneously later in growth. Under these conditions expression of the mtaCB2 and mtaCB3 fusions was delayed, suggesting that methylamines may repress their expression.
The Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Liver Transplantation in Children with Immunodeficiencies

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 19 (2013) S279eS312 S296 all patients are alive. At 18 months after transplantation, one patient experienced progressive pancytopenia, requiring red blood cell transfusion, in spite of the full donor chiemrism both in the bone marrow and peripheral blood T cells. Chimerism analysis of the peripheral blood T cells was analyzed later than 6 months post-transplant, showing mixed chimerism in 3 patients with stable hematopoiesis. The recovery of menstruationwas observed in all 4 evaluable young female patients at 3, 7, 8, and 9 months after transplantation, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that this regimen could be a safe and effective conditioning regimen of allogeneic HSCT for SAA both from sibling and unrelated donor. However, long-term follow-up is needed to further evaluate the dynamics of T-cell chimerism and the incidence of late-onset graft failure.
Drug testing athletes to prevent substance abuse: background and pilot study results of the SATURN (student athlete testing using random notification) study

Abstract Purpose To assess the deterrent effect of mandatory, random drug testing among high school (HS) athletes in a controlled setting. Methods Two high schools, one with mandatory drug testing (DT) consent before sports participation, and a control school (C), without DT, were assessed during the 1999–2000 school year. Athletes (A) and nonathletes (NA) in each school completed confidential (A) or anonymous (NA) questionnaires developed for this study, respectively, at the beginning and end of the school year. Positive alcohol or drug tests required parent notification and mandatory counseling without team or school suspension. Thirty percent of the DT athletes were tested. Data were analyzed using the end of the school year measure, adjusted for the initial questionnaire results. Demographics of the athlete sample revealed that mean age was 15.5 years with 81.5% white, 9.6% Hispanic, 4.5% Asian, 2.6% American Indian/Native Alaskan, 1.3% African-American, and 1.3% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. Results A (n = 276) and NA (n = 507) were assessed at the beginning (baseline) and at the end of the school year (A, n=159; NA, n=338). The past 30-day index of illicit drugs (4-fold difference) and athletic enhancing substances (3-fold difference) were lower ( p p p Conclusions Random DT may have reduced substance use among athletes. However, worsening of risk factors and small sample size suggests caution to this drug prevention approach. A larger long-term study to confirm these findings is necessary.
Geropsychiatric Nursing Education: Challenge and Opportunity

With the emergence of the mental health needs of older adults as a foremost public health concern of the 21st century, the melding of gerontological and psychiatric expertise among frontline health...
Chlorophyll Loss and Gas Exchange in Tomato Leaves After Feeding Injury by Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Feeding injury caused by larvae and adults of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), reduced rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., leaflets. Leaf stomatal resistance increased with larval and adult injury, which indicated that gas exchange was restricted because of increased stomatal closure. Furthermore, larval injury reduced leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity per unit of remaining chlorophyll, chlorophyll a:b, and specific leaf weight. Adult feeding also significantly reduced leaf chlorophyll content and, in one trial photosynthetic capacity of remaining chlorophyll, but it did not affect chlorophyll a:b and specific leaf weight. Net photosynthesis was positively correlated with leaf stomatal resistance, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity per unit of chlorophyll in both larval and adult trials. These results indicate that larval injury reduced tomato leaf gas exchange more than adult injury. Furthermore, feeding by B. tabaci reduced leaf photosynthesis in tomato by restricting gas exchange through stomata and by reducing content and photosynthetic capacity of chlorophyll.
Genetic Studies of the Response of German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) to a Toxic Bait

Crosses were made between a low-level chlorpyrifos-resistant strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., that was behaviorally resistant to a chlorpyrifos-based commercial bait and 2 susceptible strains, the Navy 3 and the translocation heterozygote T(9;10)/9;10 Pw . The avoidance trait was dominant in the F1, generation. The data were suggestive of monofactorial inheritance. Segregation in crosses of F1 Pw to Navy 3 6. ta hypothesis of independence of the avoidance trait and linkage groups carried on chromosomes 9 and 10.
Structural and conformational dispersion in the rational design of conjugated polymers

Quantum-chemical computation is a useful and widespread tool for understanding the electronic structure of conjugated polymers as well as predicting new synthetic targets. In this work, we assess the validity of considering a single conformational or structural isomer as representative of the entire conformational or structural distributions in ab-initio computations of figures-of-merit (dipole moment, HOMO, LUMO, and optical gap). It is found from surveying numerous conjugated copolymers that considering only a single conformational or structural isomer can hide significant deviations in frontier molecular orbital energies and optical gaps as well as qualitative shifts in dipole moments. We discuss the limitations of not considering isomeric dispersion on the polymer’s computed electronic properties and the implications these findings have on the rational design of conjugated polymers.
Density effects on asynchronous hatching and brood reduction in European Starlings

Etude de l'influence de l'asynchronisation de l'eclosion et de la taille de la couvee sur la survie des jeunes etourneaux.Les donnees concernant l'eclosion et la mortalite des poussins de 118 S.vulgaris du New Jersey entre 1983 et 1986 ont ete analysees
Investigation and Analysis on Present Status of Occupational Hazards in A Copper Smelting Enterprise

[Objective] To understand the occupational hazards and preventive measures in a copper smelting enterprise, and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.[Methods]On-site occupational health investigation and detection of occupational hazards in the workplace were adopted to perform investigation and analysis on current status of occupational health. Based on the "Sampling Specification for Hazardous Substances in Workplace Air", detection sites were selected including 9 dust detection points, 17toxic substance detection points, 16 noise detection points and 3 power frequency electric field detection points.[Results]The main occupational hazards in the enterprise included dust, copper fume, lead fume, cadmium and its compounds, arsenic and its inorganic compounds, zinc oxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid mist, hydrogen sulfide, noise, power frequency electric field and heat stress work. The qualified rates were 77.8% for dust, 83.33% for copper fume, 80.0% for arsenic, 50.0% for sulfur dioxide, 60.0% for sulfuric acid mist, 100% for lead fume, cadmium, zinc oxide, hydrogen sulfide, noise and power frequency electric field.[Conclusion]Serious occupational hazards exist in this enterprise. It is necessary to take occupational disease prevention measures and develop and strictly enforce occupational health examination and testing system of occupational hazards to prevent occupational diseases.
Concurrent remote entanglement with quantum error correction against photon losses

Remote entanglement of distant, noninteracting quantum entities is a key primitive for quantum information processing. We present a protocol to remotely entangle two stationary qubits by first entangling them with propagating ancilla qubits and then performing a joint two-qubit measurement on the ancillas. Subsequently, single-qubit measurements are performed on each of the ancillas. We describe two continuous variable implementations of the protocol using propagating microwave modes. The first implementation uses propagating $\mathrm{Schr}\stackrel{\ifmmode \ddot{}\else \&#34;{}\fi{}}{\mathrm{o}}$ dinger cat states as the flying ancilla qubits, a joint-photon-number-modulo-2 measurement of the propagating modes for the two-qubit measurement, and homodyne detections as the final single-qubit measurements. The presence of inefficiencies in realistic quantum systems limit the success rate of generating high fidelity Bell states. This motivates us to propose a second continuous variable implementation, where we use quantum error correction to suppress the decoherence due to photon loss to first order. To that end, we encode the ancilla qubits in superpositions of Schr\"odinger cat states of a given photon-number parity, use a joint-photon-number-modulo-4 measurement as the two-qubit measurement, and homodyne detections as the final single-qubit measurements. We demonstrate the resilience of our quantum-error-correcting remote entanglement scheme to imperfections. Further, we describe a modification of our error-correcting scheme by incorporating additional individual photon-number-modulo-2 measurements of the ancilla modes to improve the success rate of generating high-fidelity Bell states. Our protocols can be straightforwardly implemented in state-of-the-art superconducting circuit-QED systems.
Body mass and renal cell cancer incidence in a large U.S. cohort study.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 A203 Renal cell cancer (RCC) incidence has increased in the US over the past three decades. Although the majority of RCC studies support a relation with excess weight, most have too few numbers of cases for detailed evaluation of dose-response relationship. Our study population was the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort, including 312,334 U.S. men and 212,304 women, ages 50 to 71 years at baseline. The study was initiated in 1995-1996, with follow-up of cancer registry records through December 2000. Cases were participants with incident invasive renal cell carcinomas, having histology compatible with this diagnosis. Participants reported height, weight, and level of physical activity, along with other health and dietary information. BMI (kg/m2) was categorized as referent group (18.5-<23), within normal range (23-<25), overweight (25-<27.5, 27.5-<30), and obese (30-<35, 35-<40, 40+ kg/m2). Relative risks were estimated by Cox regression with adjustment for age, smoking, protein intake, and physical activity. Over an average of 4.3 year follow-up, RCC was diagnosed in 609 men and 204 women. Risk increased consistently with higher BMI, with moderate excesses even at levels not considered as obese. In men, relative risks were 1.23, 1.52, 1.62, 1.84, 2.43, and 2.49 (p-trend <0.0005), respectively, for BMI 23-<25, 25-<27.5, 27.5-<30, 30-<35, 35-<40, and 40+, relative to the referent group. In women, the corresponding relative risks were 1.01, 1.53, 1.78, 1.93, 1.94, 2.15 (p-trend <0.0005). In both men and women, renal cell cancer risk was clearly elevated in the overweight range, and risks were higher yet amongst the obese. The elevated RCC risks were not explained by known potential confounding factors, although hypertension was not available for adjustment. A previous study reported independent effects of hypertension and excess weight, suggesting that adjustment for hypertension is unlikely to explain the strong dose-response effect of excess weight on renal cell cancer.
Raising the Specter of Death What Terror Management Theory Brings to the Study of Fear Appeals

How do people respond to persuasive appeals that invoke the threat of death? This chapter calls attention to Terror Management Theory (TMT), a theoretical framework that considers the unique effects of raising the salience of one’s mortality and yet has remained largely outside the focus of inquiry into the effects of fear appeals. The distinct conceptual and predictive features of TMT, as well as their relevance to health and political communication research, are discussed and then juxtaposed with those found in the dominant strains of the fear appeal literature. The analysis articulates the theoretical and empirical implications of these conceptual differences and offers a set of testable predictive contrasts, with the goal of stimulating and facilitating new lines of fear appeal scholarship.
PCL-PLLA Semi-IPN Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs): Degradation and Mechanical Properties.

Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) based on poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) whose shape may be actuated by a transition temperature (T trans ) have shown utility for a variety of biomedical applications. Important to their utility is the ability to modulate mechanical and degradation properties. Thus, in this work, SMPs are formed as semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) comprised of a cross-linked PCL diacrylate (PCL-DA) network and thermoplastic poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA). The semi-IPN uniquely allows for requisite crystallization of both PCL and PLLA. The influence of PLLA (PCL:PLLA wt% ratio) and PCL-DA molecular weight (n) on film properties are investigated. PCL-PLLA semi-IPNs are able to achieve enhanced mechanical properties and accelerated rates of degradation.
The origin and fate of HDL.

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the major serum lipoprotein fractions. In my presentation I will focus on the metabolism of the protein moiety of HDL. I shall discuss the sites of synthesis and catabolism as well as the rates of removal of HDL and its apoproteins. The interrelationship between the apoproteins of HDL and the apoproteins of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) will also be discussed.
Expanding a fluorescent RNA alphabet: synthesis, photophysics and utility of isothiazole-derived purine nucleoside surrogates

A series of emissive ribonucleoside purine mimics, all comprised of an isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine core, was prepared using a divergent pathway involving a key Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization. In addition to an adenosine and a guanosine mimic, analogues of the noncanonical xanthosine, isoguanosine, and 2-aminoadenosine were also synthesized and found to be emissive. Isothiazolo 2-aminoadenosine, an adenosine surrogate, was found to be particularly emissive and effectively deaminated by adenosine deaminase. Competitive studies with adenosine deaminase with each analogue in combination with native adenosine showed preference for the native substrate while still deaminating the isothiazolo analogues.
Clinical Guidelines for the Evaluation of Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder with significant health and performance consequences. Effective therapies are available but require long-term management because of the chronic nature of the disorder. The low rates of treatment are due primarily to under-recognition of the disorder. Given the high prevalence and significant consequences of lack of treatment, an evaluation for OSA should become part of any general routine health maintenance evaluation. Herein, we discuss the evaluation of the patient with OSA.
Location-specific growth and transfer of arrayed MoS 2 monolayers with controllable size

We present a controlled chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth and transfer of arrayed MoS2 monolayers on predetermined locations. The patterned transition metal oxide (e.g. MoO3) source substrate was contacted face-to-face with an SiO2 growth substrate, where localized MoS2 flakes were synthesized on both source and growth substrates, following a CVD procedure. This growth technique enabled the growth of both single crystalline and polycrystalline MoS2 monolayer arrays with controlled size and location, exclusively on predetermined locations on the growth substrates. As-grown MoS2 arrays were transferred using a unique process that combines the wet and stamping transfer processes and dramatically enhanced the integrity of transferred MoS2 on microstructures, while protecting the microstructures during the transfer process. This fabrication technique can be applied to different transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and allows the formation of TMDs on select locations, potentially eliminating a post-lithography step for device fabrication.
How Does a Locally Constrained Quantum System Localize

At low energy, the dynamics of excitations of many physical systems are locally constrained. Examples include frustrated antiferromagnets, fractional quantum Hall fluids, and Rydberg atoms in the blockaded regime. Can such locally constrained systems be fully many-body localized? In this Letter, we answer this question affirmatively and elucidate the structure of the accompanying quasilocal integrals of motion. By studying disordered spin chains subject to a projection constraint in the z direction, we show that full many-body localization (MBL) is stable at strong z-field disorder and identify a new mechanism of localization through resonance at strong transverse disorder. However, MBL is not guaranteed; the constraints can "frustrate" the tendency of the spins to align with the transverse fields and lead to full thermalization or criticality. We further provide evidence that the transition is discontinuous in local observables with large sample-to-sample variations. Our dynamical phase diagram is accessible in current Rydberg atomic experiments which realize programmable constrained Ising Hamiltonians.
Children with Headache: Evidence-Based Role of Neuroimaging

■ Although most headaches in children are benign in nature, a small percentage is caused by serious diseases such as brain neoplasm.
The potential role of cryogenics in insertion magnets

Most of the insertion magnets that are used for storage rings and free-electron lasers are room temperature permanent magnets. Superconducting wiggler and undulator magnets have been built, but their performance has been limited by the engineering current density and stability of the coils. Superconducting undulators must have a small gap and cell length, which can be a hindrance even when the beam vacuum chamber is at room temperature. Beam heating is also an issue. To control, the heat leak at low temperature, the beam vacuum chamber should be cooled to a temperature between 20 and 40 K. Permanent magnets fabricated from Nd-Fe-B can be cooled to cryogenic temperatures with an increase in the magnetic field within the magnet gap. This permits the magnet gap to be reduced considerably when the vacuum chamber is at the same temperature as the permanent magnet. This paper discusses the cryogenic cooling of both superconducting and cryogenic permanent magnet wigglers and undulators.
Magnetoelectric gradiometer with enhanced vibration rejection efficiency under H-field modulation

A magnetoelectric (ME) gradiometer consisting of two Metglas/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 fiber-based sensors has been developed. The equivalent magnetic noise of both sensors was first determined to be about 60 pT/√Hz while using an H-field modulation technique. The common mode rejection ratio of a gradiometer based on these two sensors was determined to be 74. The gradiometer response curve was then measured, which provided the dependence of the gradiometer output as a function of the source-gradiometer-normalized distance. Investigations in the presence of vibration noise revealed that a ME gradiometer consisting of two ME magnetometers working under H-field modulation was capable of significant vibration rejection. The results were compared to similar studies of ME gradiometers operated in a passive working mode. Our findings demonstrate that this active gradiometer has a good vibration rejection capability in the presence of both magnetic signals and vibration noise/interferences by using two magnetoelectric sensors ...
Case-Based Discussion Regarding Challenges in Patient Selection and Procedural Planning in Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion

Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for most embolic strokes, especially in elderly individuals. Although anticoagulation is known to reduce the risk of embolic stroke, a significant proportion of patients have relative or absolute contraindications to anticoagulation. The left atrial appendage has been implicated as the major source of emboli in more than 90% of ischemic strokes in nonvalvular AF. Left atrial appendage occlusion offers an alternative for stroke prevention in patients with an elevated stroke risk (CHADS2 score ≥2 or CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3) who have a rationale for avoiding long-term oral anticoagulation after a shared decision-making process. However, there remain significant challenges in left atrial appendage occlusion therapy related to patient selection, the procedure itself, and postprocedural patient management decisions. In this review article, we discuss some of these challenges in a case discussion-based approach.
Millimeter-wave frequency FDTD simulation for error vector magnitude of modulated signals

At millimeter-wave frequencies, a simulation of propagating complex modulated signals through an environmental channel can be computationally prohibitive using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The “grid impulse response” method uses a delta-function as a source signal to solve for the transfer function of the finite difference time domain grid. Once the transfer function of the channel is known, any number of source signals of differing lengths, such as those involving M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation may be used to estimate the propagation of a complex modulated signal through the environmental channel. Numerical investigations show that the maximum error between the two approaches can be very small. Simple environmental channels are used to present the error vector magnitude at mmWave frequencies obtained from the grid impulse response method.
Ecologically Valid Assessments of Attention and Learning Engagement in Media Multitaskers

This paper provides a synthesis of core literature of media multitasking, attention, and learning engagement. The focus, however, is on the ecologically valid assessments examining the depth-biased or breadth-biased attention and learning engagement in the media multitasking environments. We propose novel approaches to assess media multitasking including electroencephalography and virtual reality. We conclude with suggestions for some technology-enhanced and cross-disciplinary research methods for improving studies in this area.
Planning Study Size Based on Precision Rather Than Power

Study size has typically been planned based on statistical power and therefore has been heavily influenced by the philosophy of statistical hypothesis testing. A worthwhile alternative is to plan study size based on precision, for example by aiming to obtain a desired width of a confidence interval for the targeted effect. This article presents formulas for planning the size of an epidemiologic study based on the desired precision of the basic epidemiologic effect measures.
Are We Going Nuts on Coconut Oil

Sales and consumption of coconut oil have been on the raise due to effective marketing strategies. Coconut oil is stated to offer various benefits including weight loss, improvement in immunity, heart health support, and memory enhancement. Also, it is often portrayed as an excellent source of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). Here, we review the evidence behind the clinical utility of coconut oil consumption. Several studies consistently showed consumption of coconut oil increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and thereby could increase adverse cardiovascular health. Even though coconut oil has relatively high MCT concentration, the clinical benefits of commercial MCT oils cannot be generalized to coconut oil. Until the long-term effects of coconut oil on cardiovascular health are clearly established, coconut oil should be considered as a saturated fat and its consumption should not exceed the USDA’s daily recommendation (less than 10% of total calorie intake).
Characterization of the non-histone nuclear proteins associated with rapidly labeled heterogeneous nuclear RNA.

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA) is associated with a set of specialized RNA-binding proteins. Mild ribonuclease digestion of intact HnRNA-protein complexes released 15 S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles containing poly(A) and its associated protein and 40 S RNP particles containing most of the HnRNA sequences. Highly purified 40 S RNP particles have been obtained from rat liver by centrifugation of nuclear extracts on sucrose density gradients and isopycnic banding on Metrizamide density gradients. These RNP preparations contain 27% of the total HnRNA sequences of rat liver, and appear homogeneous when viewed in negative contrast in the electron microscope and by centrifugation studies using velocity sedimentation in sucrose density gradients or isopyenic banding in density gradients of cesium salts. Analysis of the proteins in the rat liver 40 S RNP particles by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the 40 S RNP particle is composed of 12 major protein components with molecular weights ranging from 29,000 to 42,000 which accounted for 75% of the total protein mass and 13 minor protein components with molecular weights greater than 42,000. The proteins in the 29,000 to 42,000 group were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. The amino acid compositions of the purified protein fractions were strikingly similar and shared several unusual features that distinguish these HnRNA-associated proteins, as a group, from the histones and the non-hi&one chromosomal proteins. Each of the RNP proteins have basic charge characteristics (p1 greater than 8.0) high glycine (25 mol %), low cysteine, and little detectable methionine. Like the histones, the HnRNP proteins are subject to extensive postsynthetic modification. We have identified the unusual amino acid NC, NC (CH,),-L-arginine in acid hydrolysates of some of the RNP proteins and shown that this amino acid
Sensitivity of drought resilience-vulnerability- exposure to hydrologic ratios in contiguous United States

Abstract The atmospheric water supply and demand dynamics determine a region’s potential water resources. The hydrologic ratios, such as, aridity index, evaporation ratio and runoff coefficients are useful indicators to quantify the atmospheric water dynamics at watershed to regional scales. In this study, we developed a modeling framework using a machine learning approach to predict hydrologic ratios for watersheds located in contiguous United States (CONUS) by utilizing a set of climate, soil, vegetation, and topographic variables. Overall, the proposed modeling framework is able to simulate the hydrologic ratios at watershed scale with a considerable accuracy. The concept of non-parametric elasticity was applied to study the potential influence of the estimated hydrologic ratios on various drought characteristics (resilience, vulnerability, and exposure) for river basins located in CONUS. Spatial sensitivity of drought indicators to hydrologic ratios suggests that an increase in hydrologic ratios may result in augmentation of magnitude of drought indicators in majority of the river basins. Aridity index seems to have higher influence on drought characteristics in comparison to other hydrologic ratios. It was observed that the machine learning approach based on random forests algorithm can efficiently estimate the spatial distribution of hydrologic ratios provided sufficient data is available. In addition to that, the non-parametric based elasticity approach can identify the potential influence of hydrologic ratios on spatial drought characteristics.
Active Learning for an Online Composition Classroom: Blogging as an Enhancement of Online Curriculum.

Active learning and online education have become important aspects of knowledge delivery. Nevertheless, little research exists on how active learning techniques can be implemented in an online envi...
Design and Analysis of a Wearable Robotic Forearm

This paper presents the design of a wearable robotic forearm for close-range human-robot collaboration. The robot's function is to serve as a lightweight supernumerary third arm for shared workspace activities. We present a functional prototype resulting from an iterative design process including several user studies. An analysis of the robot's kinematics shows an increase in reachable workspace by 246 % compared to the natural human reach. The robot's degrees of freedom and range of motion support a variety of usage scenarios with the robot as a collaborative tool, including self-handovers, fetching objects while the human's hands are occupied, assisting human-human collaboration, and stabilizing an object. We analyze the bio-mechanical loads for these scenarios and find that the design is able to operate within human ergonomic wear limits. We then report on a pilot human-robot interaction study that indicates robot autonomy is more task-time efficient and preferred by users when compared to direct voice-control. These results suggest that the design presented here is a promising configuration for a lightweight wearable robotic augmentation device, and can serve as a basis for further research into human-wearable collaboration.
A narrative exploration of the evolving perception of exercise among people with multiple sclerosis

There are numerous physical, social and psychological benefits of exercise for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), yet fewer than 20% of this population engage in sufficient amounts of exercise f...
Shock and Vasopressors: State-of-the-Art Update

Shock is present when decreased tissue perfusion results in inadequate blood supply to end organs. Treatment for this state depends on the etiology of shock. Vasopressors are often essential therapy in the setting of distributive shock (decreased systemic vascular resistance) to maintain an appropriate mean arterial pressure (MAP). In septic shock (most common form of distributive shock), norepinephrine is recommended as the first-line vasopressor. When additional vasopressor support is needed, epinephrine and/or low-dose vasopressin may be added. Phenylephrine and dopamine are niche vasopressors to be used in limited situations. A MAP goal of ≥65 mmHg is recommended for the typical patient. Delivery of vasopressors may be safe for a limited time via peripheral IV access. Arterial blood pressure monitoring is recommended over noninvasive monitors when sustained vasopressors are required.
Motivational interviewing for caregivers of LGBT youth

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth and their caregivers often describe coming out as a process that impacts the family unit. Oftentimes, caregivers may experience a range of emoti...
Measuring the impact of burst buffers on data-intensive scientific workflows

Abstract Science applications frequently produce and consume large volumes of data, but delivering this data to and from compute resources can be challenging, as parallel file system performance is not keeping up with compute and memory performance. To mitigate this I/O bottleneck, some systems have deployed burst buffers, but their impact on performance for real-world scientific workflow applications is still not clear. In this paper, we examine the impact of burst buffers through the remote-shared, allocatable burst buffers on the Cori system at NERSC. By running two data-intensive workflows, a high-throughput genome analysis workflow, and a subset of the SCEC high-performance CyberShake workflow, a production seismic hazard analysis workflow, we find that using burst buffers offers read and write improvements of an order of magnitude, and these improvements lead to increased job performance, and thereby increased overall workflow performance, even for long-running CPU-bound jobs.
Review: In older adults with acute major depression, SNRIs, but not SSRIs, increase adverse events vs placebo.

Source Citation Sobieraj DM, Martinez BK, Hernandez AV, et al. Adverse effects of pharmacologic treatments of major depression in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67:1571-81. 31140587
Stress shift and early pitch accent placement in lexical items in American English

The perception of early prominence in late-main-stress words like Mississippi has been described in both metrical and intonational terms. Metrical theory views early prominence as the result of rhythmic stress shift under conditions of stress clash in the metrical grid, while intonation theory attributes early prominence to a tendency for speakers to place the first pitch accent of a phrase as early as possible. We describe an integrated theory of structural and rhythmic aspects of pitch accent placement that combines parts of both approaches, and present evidence to support the theory from perceptual and acoustic analyses of a speech corpus produced in the FM radio news style. We find that early accent placement occurs in contexts which would otherwise result in pitch accent clash, and that the initial accent in an intermediate intonational phrase tends to be located early in its word. Double accents are more common on words that carry all the accents in a phrase (as predicted by phrase onset marking), particularly for words with alternating rather than adjacent lexical stress. Acoustic evidence supports the claim that perceived early prominences typically coincide with pitch accents, and replicates previous results showing no increase in duration for these accented syllables.
Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Smoking Status: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016 and 2017.

Introduction The association between e-cigarette use and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not been studied thoroughly, particularly in populations defined by concomitant combustible smoking status. Methods Using pooled 2016 and 2017 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, investigators studied 705,159 participants with complete self-reported information on e-cigarette use, combustible cigarette use, key covariates, and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current e-cigarette use was the main exposure, with current use further classified as daily or occasional use. The main outcome was defined as reported ever having a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For all the analyses, multivariable adjusted logistic regression was used, with the study population stratified by combustible cigarette use status (never, former, or current). All the analyses were conducted in 2019. Results Of 705,159 participants, 25,175 (3.6%) were current e-cigarette users, 64,792 (9.2%) current combustible cigarette smokers, 207,905 (29.5%) former combustible cigarette smokers, 432,462 (61.3%) never combustible cigarette smokers, and 14,036 (2.0%) dual users of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. A total of 53,702 (7.6%) participants self-reported chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Among never combustible cigarette smokers, current e-cigarette use was associated with 75% higher odds of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with never e-cigarette users (OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.25, 2.45), with daily users of e-cigarettes having the highest odds (OR=2.64, 95% CI=1.43, 4.89). Similar associations between e-cigarette use and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were noted among both former and current combustible cigarette smokers. Conclusions The results suggest possible e-cigarette–related pulmonary toxicity across all the categories of combustible cigarette smoking status, including those who had never smoked combustible cigarettes.