cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE REACTIVE EFFECTS OF NEGOTIATING DETOURS: COGNITIVE STRESS AND THE RESTRUCTURING OF MENTAL MAPS

A spatial analogue of a dissonance manipulation was used to test the claim that the mere acquisition of incongruent data produces cognitive reorganization. Undergraduates ranked distances among 13 campus landmarks before and after detouring around an imaginary barrier on embedding new landmarks in their mental maps. Scaling procedures revealed that barrier detours generated structural distortions of existing cognitive maps whereas landmark substitutions did not. The detour transformation produced systematic biases in subjects' postmanipulation maps; the substitution transformation was completely nonreactive. It is concluded that mental acts which create momentary distortions of cognitive structure can permanently reshape one's internal representations.
Enteral absorption of erythropoietin in the suckling rat.

Milk contains biologically relevant concentrations of erythropoietin (Epo), the primary hormone responsible for erythrocyte production. In animals, milk-borne Epo stimulates erythropoiesis. Epo receptors have been found in nonerythropoietic tissues including gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that milk-borne Epo is distributed to local gastrointestinal tissues, absorbed intact, and then distributed peripherally via the systemic circulation. Rat milk protected recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) from degradation in the suckling rat gastrointestinal tract. Simulated digestion of 125I-rhEpo in suckling rat gastrointestinal juices was performed. When measured by acid precipitation and immunoassay, rat milk protected rhEpo from gastrointestinal juices better than saline (p < 0.0001). The fate of enterally administered milk-borne 125I-rhEpo was examined in 10-d-old rats. RhEpo fed in rat milk was better protected from in vivo proteolytic degradation than rhEpo in saline (p < 0.05). After enteral 125I-rhEpo dosing, radiolabeled protein from gastric tissue comigrated on SDS-PAGE with intact rhEpo at 36.5 kD. To determine the local and systemic distribution of physiologic intakes of rhEpo, suckling rats were fed 125I-rhEpo in rat milk, and tissues were harvested 1, 2, and 4 h later. Intact 125I-rhEpo was found in gastric and small intestinal walls and lumens. Five percent of total administered dose was found intact in the plasma, whereas another 8 to 10% of total administered dose was localized to bone marrow, percentages comparable to those seen after parenteral administration. Radiolabel was also localized to liver and peripheral solid tissues. These patterns of localization and degradation of rhEpo after acute administration support both systemic absorption and gastrointestinal cellular processing.
Platelet reactivity in diabetic patients subjected to acute exercise stress test

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported ambiguous results regarding the effect of acute exercise on platelet reactivity in healthy and cardiac patients. Objectives We aimed to assess platelet reactivity among diabetic patients before and immediately after an acute exercise stress test. Methods Patients (controls: mean age 53.1±12.1 years; four males; body mass index 27.0±5.7 kg/m 2 ; HbA 1c 6.0±1.1%, n =8) and diabetic patients (52.9±11.3; six males; body mass index 30.7±2.2 kg/m 2 ; HbA 1c 7.8±1.7%, n =8) referred for diagnostic nuclear exercise stress test were recruited. Blood samples obtained at rest and immediately post-exercise were stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen and arachidonic acid. Expression of CD41 (pan-platelet marker) and CD62p (platelet stimulation marker) were measured by flow cytometry. Aspirin responsiveness was measured using VerifyNow. Results Although peak systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the diabetics compared with nondiabetics (186.3±25.4 vs. 157.1±19.1, respectively, P =.028), peak exercise heart rate was similar (156.5±8.3 vs. 155.5±12.1 for diabetics and nondiabetics, respectively). No differences were observed between groups for aspirin resistance. Platelet stimulation with ADP exhibited significantly lower CD62p-positive cell population (%) in the diabetic patients both prior to and following the exercise stress test ( P =.03). In addition, although not significant, platelet stimulation was higher post-exercise in the diabetic patients (6.3±4.7% vs. 12.0±5.6%, for pre- and post-exercise, respectively, P =.2) with no difference in controls (9.2±5.5% vs. 8.9±5.9%). Conclusion Platelet stimulation in diabetic patients is blunted and might be explained by the prolonged exposure of platelets to multiple diabetic risk factors.
Regressors of whole-carcass zinc phosphide/phosphine residues in voles: indirect evidence of low hazards to predators/scavengers.

Whole-carcass residues of the rodenticide zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) and hydrolyzed phosphine (PH3) were determined for voles (Microtus spp.) that died following ingestion of a 2% Zn3P2 steam rolled oat (SRO) groats bait. Procedures involved: a three-day acceptance test to assess vole consumption (n=27) of control SRO groats and several one-day Zn3P2- (n=13) or control-bait (n=4) tests to characterize onset of pharmacotoxic signs and to obtain fatally-dosed carcasses for residue analyses. Carcasses were stored in liquid nitrogen (LN2) to maximize retention of Zn3P2/PH3 residues prior to chemical determinations. Linear regressions were computed between pairs of consumption and residue variables. Main results were the following: (1) mean (±SD) consumption of control bait was 2.5 (±0.9), 3.0 (±0.9), and 2.8 (±0.8) g on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively (≧10.6 ± 4.6% of body weight); (2) all test-bait voles (n=13) died ∼4–12 h after bait presentation, with lethargy and respiratory distress key signs of toxicosis; (3) whole-carcass Zn3P2 residues averaged 1.73 mg (minmax: 0.31–4.95), and PH3 residues averaged 10.6 μg (minmax: 0.5–21.0); and (4) significant linear regressions were found between bait consumption/Zn3P2 intake and body weight (r2=0.64, p≦0.001), carcass Zn3P2 and bait consumption/Zn3P2 intake (r2=0.32, p≦0.043), and carcass Zn3P2 and body weight (r2=0.60, p≦0.002). Certain analytical and hazards issues are discussed.
Escitalopram-Induced Progressive Cervical Dystonia.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications and are used frequently for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Some of the well-known side effects include gastrointestinal distress, sweating or flushing, and sexual dysfunction. SSRIs have also been infrequently associated with several movement disorders, including akathisia, parkinsonism, rabbit syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, other dyskinesias, and dystonic reactions. Dystonic reactions are painful, usually acute, involuntary contractions of muscle groups that have been commonly reported with antipsychotics but occur much more rarely with SSRIs. Escitalopram is an SSRI that has been associated with a single case report of paroxysmal cervical dystonia and one case report of oculogyric dystonia. Here, we present a case of escitalopraminduced progressive cervical dystonia.
Magnetization Reversal and Domain Wall Motion in Thin Ni Wires.

Abstract We have studied magnetization reversal in small diameter Ni wires. This process appears to be dominated by the pinning of domain walls on defects. At high temperatures ( T > 2K) motion past pinning sites seems to occur via thermal activation over the associated potential barrier. There is some evidence that macroscopic quantum tunneling becomes important at lower temperatures.
Reflecting on past failures leads to increased perseverance and sustained attention

Psychology has struggled for years to define the traits and tendencies that make an individual successful. Past research has focused on intelligence. Recently, there has been a focus on perseverance or “grit”. We set out to examine the extent to which grit exhibits state-like facets and the relation between manipulations of grit and performance. Results from the first experiment provide evidence that reflecting on failures results in higher grit scores than reflecting on success. The second experiment extends the failure–grit relationship to explore how this relation might modify performance: Encouraging individuals to reflect on failures resulted in a significant reduction in error rates on a cognitive task requiring perseverance. Together, these results provide support for the idea that grit exhibits state-like tendencies, and that encouraging individuals to reflect on failures may result in improved behavioural outcomes.
Acquired loss of red cell Kell antigens

A 19-year-old patient with a long history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura developed a potent antibody against a high-incidence antigen in the Kell blood group system. The direct antiglobulin test on his red cells was negative. His cells exhibited profound depression of Kell blood group antigens, but antigens of other blood groups were normal. Transfusion of incompatible blood was well tolerated and differential agglutination tests, using selected Rh antisera, showed in vivo survival of the transfused red cells for more than 8 weeks. However, the transfused red cells also showed acquired loss of Kell antigens. Five months after the initial findings, Kell-related antibody disappeared and Kell antigens reappeared on his red cells. The patient's serum stored from the initial investigation now reacted with his freshly collected red cells. These data suggest that an environmental agent in the patient's plasma was responsible for the temporary loss of Kell antigens from red cells in his circulation.
Transport of electrolytes in muscle

The muscle fiber stands alongside the red blood cell and the giant axon as one of the three classical cell types that have had major application in investigating ion transport processes in cell membranes. Of these three cell types, the muscle fiber was the first to provide definite evidence for a sodium pump. The ability of the sodium pump to produce an electrical potential difference across the cell membrane was also first demonstrated in muscle fibers. This important property of the sodium pump is now known to have physiological significance in many other types of cells. In this review, electrolyte transport investigations in skeletal muscle are traced from their inception to the current state of the field. Applications of major research techniques are discussed and key results are summarized. An overview of electrolyte transport in muscle, this article emphasizes relationships between the muscle fiber membrane potential and ionic transport processes.
IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : II. THE NATURE OF THE FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES.

1. Further observations on the conditions under which transformation of pneumococcal types may be induced by in vitro procedures are presented. 2. R cultures possessing only slight degrees of R stability are most suitable for transformation purposes by in vitro procedures. 3. Vaccines prepared from cultures subjected to the action of bacterial enzymes liberated (a) in old broth cultures, (b) during mechanical disruption of young bacterial cells, are not effective in inducing transformation of type. 4. The property of an S vaccine responsible for transformation of type is not related to the specific soluble substance of pneumococcus. 5. Attempts to effect transformation of type by the use of cell-free extracts of pneumococcus have so far proved unsuccessful.
The Stature of the Journal of International Business Studies

This article examines the standing of the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) among scholarly journals, and changes in its influence, over a 11 year period (1981 to 1991) using a variety of citation indices. We suggested that two new measures—a prestige index and a trajectory index—are helpful in assessing a journal's influence and reputation. We estimate these, as well as several standard citation measures, to gauge JIBS' progress in the recent past. We find that JIBS does well on all measures, but room for improvement remains. This article discusses options available to the editorial board to raise JIBS' prestige.
Two muon events and new particle production

Abstract Schwinger's interpretation of the narrow resonances coupling to the electric current suggests that there are charged vector particles that decay weakly, having mass of perhaps 3.4 GeV. These may have already been seen in neutrino scattering experiments.
GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE EXPRESSION AND IMMUNOLOCALIZATION IN THE DEVELOPING RAT LUNG. † 1831

Although the lung is known to be a major producer of glutamine and contributes to glutamine homeostasis, little is known about glutamine during development. We hypothesize that glutamine synthetase (GS) undergoes changes in activity and steady state mRNA from infancy to adulthood. GS activity and RNA were measured in the lungs of rat term fetuses, 5, 10, and 19-day-old infants, and adults following treatment with saline (SAL) or 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX). Significant interactions between treatment and age effects were noted for both mRNA and specific activity indicating that the degree of difference between SAL and DEX treatment groups depended on age (2 way ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons indicate that mRNA quantity and specific activity were greater in the 5-day DEX group. Within the SAL treatment set, mRNA levels did not differ among age groups; however, specific activity of the 19-day group was greater than fetal, 5-day and 10-day specific activities. Within the DEX treatment set, the mean mRNA level of the 5-day group was greater than in the other age groups; however, DEX treatment did not alter the specific activities among age groups. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrates that GS enzyme is located primarily in the smooth muscle layer of the pulmonary vasculature. These data demonstrate that: 1) GS responds to exogenous glucocorticoids prior to the endogenous glucocorticoid surge; and 2) the effects of glucocorticoid treatment are blunted when endogenous glucocorticoids are elevated. Our data suggest that: 1) glucocorticoid receptors are unavailable to exogenous glucocorticoids when endogenous glucocorticoids are elevated; and 2) localization of GS in the pulmonary smooth muscle layer permits rapid release of glutamine into the circulation during periods of high glutamine demand. Supported by NIH Grant#RO1-HD29279.
Effects of Water Management Policy on the Formation of Lakes Hongtze and Kaoyu, Two Large Chinese Lakes

Water management policy ordinarily has only a limited impact on the formation of large lakes. This note describes a unique example in which the water management policies enacted in China for more than 700 years to protect the national capital from inundation by the Yellow River and to ensure the shipping and transportation function of the Grand Canal were directly instrumental in the formation of large lakes Kaoyu and Hongtze.
Cryptospores from the Hanadir Shale Member of the Qasim Formation, Ordovician (Darriwilian) of Saudi Arabia: taxonomy and systematics

Abstract Well preserved palynomorphs from the Hanadir Shale Member of the Qasim Formation (Darriwilian) from Saudi Arabia were recovered from wells KAHF-1 and TAYM-4, which include a variety of cryptospore tetrads, dyads and monads. An assemblage of these cryptospores is described systematically for the first time. Two new cryptospore genera, Cryptotetras and Didymospora are described; one new species of Rimosotetras , R. subsphaerica , is also erected to accommodate loosely arranged tetrads comprised of sub-spherical spore-members. The palynoflora appears to have more in common with younger assemblages of latest Ordovician and earliest Silurian age than it does with problematic spore-like microfossils from older strata, indicating that these cryptospores were produced by early embryophytes, true land plants. Given the somewhat advanced evolutionary spore character of the Hanadir assemblage, the gap between the megafossil record of plant axes and spores might indicate that the plants of the Ordovician were at a bryophyte grade of evolution. The possibility remains, however, that spore characters evolved in advance of other defining characters associated with the evolution of sporophytic plant phases on land.
On the relativity of relative frequencies

The most prominent models of numerical representation posit that numerical symbols are converted into a single internal, abstract representation prior to estimation and comparison processing. Here, we (1) provide a mathematical analysis of the predictions of the abstract-representation hypothesis, assuming the validity of the analog-representation hypothesis, (2) run a simulation to assess the patterns of data that result from our mathematical analysis, and (3) conduct two experiments to test the predictions of our model, using relative frequencies as inputs. We assess relative frequencies in a typical numerical distance task, whereby participants are presented with two relative frequencies and asked to identify the one that represents the larger quantity. Our data reveal that relative frequencies’ numerical representations (1) are analog and (2) are scale-specific (i.e., nonabstract).
Energy-efficient false data detection in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks provide economical and viable solutions to many monitoring problems. The practical deployment of sensor networks, however, introduces problems that traditional networks do not face. One such problem is node compromise attack in which intruders physically capture sensor nodes and harm the network by injecting false data. False data injection attacks may deceive the base station and deplete the limited energy resources of relaying sensor nodes. Standard authentication schemes cannot prevent these attacks if there exists more than one compromised node in the network. This paper proposes a collaborative data authentication protocol that detects false data injection attacks. In the proposed protocol, false data injected by less than n compromised nodes are detected and eliminated by constructing consecutive Merkle Hash Trees (MHT) between the source node and the base station where the number of leaf nodes of each MHT is n . The performance analysis shows that, considering the security it provides, the proposed protocol is efficient.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Square Wave Voltammetry for Two-Step Surface Reductions

Strongly adsorbed species on an electrode surface are used to create a stable, redox-modified surface. Square wave voltammetry is then used to degrade the surface electrochemically, as evidenced by the resulting voltammetric response. This process can be mathematically modeled as a quasi-reversible surface reaction coupled with a first-order irreversible surface reaction of the product. This is the simplest possible model that can explain a two-step surface reduction. Exemplary calculations for square wave voltammetry show a wide variety of peak shapes depending on rate constants and square wave amplitude. The reduction of Dimethyl Yellow (4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene) adsorbed on mercury is accurately described by this model. Characteristic parameters of the overall surface process are obtained from voltammograms by using the two-step model with nonlinear least-squares analysis (COOL). For Dimethyl Yellow in Britton−Robinson buffer (pH 6.00) at a surface concentration of 17.3 pmol cm-2, these parameters a...
Fluid flow-induced increase in inward Ba2+ current expressed in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with human neuronal L-type Ca2+ channels

Mechanical forces can alter the gating of several kinds of ion channels in many types of cells, but the mechanisms underlying the mechanosensitivity are not clearly understood. To date, there are very few reports on mechanosensitivity of Ca2+ channels, particularly neuronal Ca2+ channels. We examined the mechanical sensitivity of human recombinant L-type Ca2+ channels in response to fluid flow. Neuronal L-type Ca2+ channels (Ca(v) 1.2) were expressed transiently in HEK293 cells using expression cDNA clones of human alpha1C, alpha2delta, and beta subunits along with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter protein. Current (I(Ba)) through these heterologously-expressed channels was measured using whole cell recording technique with 20 mM Ba2+ as charge carrier. Transfected cells were exposed to a constant, increased fluid flow from a separate pipette during current recording. The L-type I(Ba) was found to be very sensitive to the flow-induced shear forces. Peak current amplitude increased by as much as approximately 50% during fluid flow as compared to that in the absence of fluid pressure. However, no change was observed in the amplitude of the average current during the final 5 ms of the 150-ms voltage step. Current amplitude promptly returned to normal control levels upon stopping fluid flow. The current-voltage relationship was not altered by fluid flow. The flow-induced increase in current amplitude exhibited an apparent shift in steady-state inactivation toward more negative potentials; inactivation was faster but was not voltage dependent. Activation was slightly faster under flow. Thus, increased mechanical tension associated with fluid flow can alter the fundamental properties of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, even for channels which might not normally be exposed to fluid flow shear forces in their native environment.
On the maximal error in the approximation of irrational functions of resolvent integral operators by continued fractions

In constructing the solutions of problems of the linear theory of viscoelasticity, there arises a necessity to decode irrational functions of resolvent integral operators. In the present work, we develop a method of calculation of the maximal error with the help of the method of operator continued fractions, which enables one to estimate the accuracy of constructing the solutions of viscoelasticity problems. A numerical example of calculation of the error is given.
Predicting positive self‐efficacy in group problem solving

Problem-solving groups are increasingly being used to involve employees in improving organizational performance. This study looked at people working in an organization that had reported group problem-solving activities. It examined attributes including orientation toward group problem solving, general problem-solving confidence, and expertise as well as demographic characteristics to determine their relative contributions to reported self-efficacy in solving work problems in groups. Respondents (n = 288) completed questionnaires to assess the variables. Using stepwise multiple regression, it was found that educational level, expertise in the work area, problem-solving confidence, orientation toward group problem solving, and amount of previous participation in such groups explained 47 percent of the variance in reported self-efficacy. The results suggest that before inclusion in such groups, poorly educated people need training to increase their knowledge about the problem and to practice group problem solving.
Dynamic analysis of truss-beam system

As the manned exploration of space continues, many complex structural components are being developed to construct the orbital platforms that will be used to house communication hardware, personnel, and manufacturing complexes. These components are extremely flexible and complex in their behavior. There is a need for a simple method for determining the dynamic characteristics of these space structures with a minimum of effort. A mathematical model of one of these structural elements, an articulating truss beam, has been developed to predict its dynamic response. Assumptions of the force interaction between the beam elements and the joints have been made for using this model. Algorithms are provided to determine the flexibility matrix of the truss beam for use in the equation of motion. The natural frequencies obtained from using this method are compared with those obtained by the finite element method. An experimental procedure is planned to validate the results from the theoretical method.
Ethylene and Carbon Dioxide in the Growth and Development of Cultured Radish Roots

Ethylene is produced by cultured radish roots in amounts large enough to be physiologically important. When roots were grown in controlled atmospheres, applied ethylene was generally inhibitory to elongation, lateral root initiation, and cambial activity. 1% CO2 similarly affected roots not given ethylene. In contrast, elongation and lateral root production of ethylene-treated roots were stimulated by 1% CO2. The results suggest that the often-observed stimulation of root growth by CO2 is due to an interaction with endogenous ethylene.
Expectancy theory and occupational/organizational choices: A review and test

Abstract A review of expectancy theory research concerning how individuals choose occupations or organizations is presented. Sixteen studies, conducted between 1966 and 1981, were found which used the within-subjects form of expectancy theory. The average within-person correlation between a valence—times—instrumentality index and an overall measure of occupational/organizatinal attractiveness is .72. The average “hit rate” for a valence—times—instrumentality index predicting which occupation/organization will be chosen is 63.4%. A method of “implicit weighting” is proposed as a way to combine valence and instrumentality while avoiding the questionable procedure of multiplying non-ratio scale variables. This implicit weighting method was used in a study of college graduates ( N = 93) choosing an M.B.A. program. In contrast to previous studies, the implicit weighting method was able to detect empirical support for the multiplicative propositions of expectancy theory.
Government information in machine-readable data files: Implications for libraries and librarians

Abstract It is the purpose of this article to describe government information in machine-readable data files in relation to other formats and to examine requirements for their acquisition, preservation, and utilization in retrieval and reference services. Skill and knowledge adjustments on the part of librarians are also discussed. The primary emphasis is on computer tapes.
The manager as a people‐problem solver

One reason that some managers and executives out‐perform others in their organisations is their problem solving skill. I refer here not just to their ability to solve technical and financial problems, but to the very specific skill of people problem solving. People problems abound in the world of business. People don't do what they said they would do; they arrive late to work or they don't come at all. People make mistakes; they don't do things right the first time, or the second time, and what's worse they don't seem to care about it. People providing service to customers or internal users are rude, abusive and slow; the outputs of their work do not conform to requirements, and are not fit for use by anyone.
Internationally traded good prices, world money, and economic activity: 1900–83

Abstract The paper reviews the long-term relationship between world money and international prices, using new indices of internationally traded good prices: an aggregate index of manufactures, fuels and non-fuel primary commodities, and a partial index covering only non-fuel commodities. It verifies such relationship using both regression analysis and direct-indirect Granger causality tests. The relationship between money and international prices is strong, significant and quite stable over time. The elasticity is close to unity for all international prices and less than unity for commodity prices. The direction of causality is found to be from money to price, not vice versa.
Diminished Infant P50 Sensory Gating Predicts Increased 40-Month-Old Attention, Anxiety/Depression, and Externalizing Symptoms.

Objective: When behavioral problems resulting from attentional difficulties present, often in preschool, it is unknown whether these problems represent preexisting altered brain development or new ...
A second look at the Palmes' diffusive sampler

The Palmes' tube, the first diffusive sampler incorporating a fixed path length, has received wide usage for the sampling of a large number of gaseous pollutants. But despite numerous previous studies, questions remain regarding the accuracy of these inexpensive, simple-to-construct, open-ended samplers. Here the mass transfer resistance in a Palmes' diffusive sampler was measured using the loss of cyclohexane from a Palmes' tube containing liquid cyclohexane at its base. The average loss rates, at factorial combinations of five air incidence angles evenly spaced from 270 degrees to 90 degrees, and five air speeds from 0.5 m/sec to 2.5 m/sec ranged from 46% to 121% higher than rates calculated from the physical dimensions of the sampler, proving the need to calibrate these samplers rather than relying on a theoretical calculation. The mass transfer resistance was nearly constant when the airflow was perpendicular to the sampler and sufficiently high to avoid stagnation, a finding that may explain the widespread acceptance of the results obtained using this sampler.
Effects of carbonyl sulfide, methyl iodide, and sulfuryl fluoride on fruit phytotoxicity and insect mortality

Three potential chemical fumigants: carbonyl sulfide (COS), methyl iodide (MI) and sulfuryl fluoride (SF) were tested at selected dosages on lemons against California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) and MI and COS were tested on nectarines against codling moth (Cydia pomonella). In nectarines, COS was tested at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg litre -1 , MI at 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg litre -1 . Both fumigants intensified nectarine peel color, delayed fruit softening, but did not alter overall fruit quality. COS at 80 mg litre -1 resulted in 87% codling moth mortality, but the fumigant dosage was insufficient to reach the desired probit 9 level (99.9968%). MI gave 100% codling moth mortality at 25 mg litre -1 . Lemons were treated with MI at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 mg litre-', SF at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg litre -1 and COS at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg litre -1 . Ml gave 100% red scale mortality at ≥ 40 mg litre -1 but caused significant fruit injury. Conditioning lemons at 15°C for 3 days before MI fumigation lessened lemon phytotoxicity. Forced aeration at 3.5 standard litres per minute of lemons for 24 h following MI fumigation at 20 mg litre -1 significantly reduced phytotoxicity compared to 2 h postfumigation aeration after MI treatment. SF at ≥ 40 mg litre -1 gave 100% red scale mortality but resulted in commodity phytotoxicity. Lemons treated with the highest selected dose of 80 mg litre -1 COS gave only 87% kill of red scale, but failed to reach the desired probit 9 level.
RELATION OF SELECTED PERSONALITY AND ATTITUDE SCALES TO THE FAMOUS SAYINGS TEST

The present study reports an attempt to increase our understanding of what is being measured by the Famous Sayings test (Bass, 1958). This is an indirect or semi-disguised personality assessment schedule in which S indicates degree of agreement with a series of 130 proverbs. It contains four factoranalytically-defined subscales: Conventional Mores, Hostility, Fear of Failure, and Social Acquiescence. Scores of 108 Ss (half male and half female), all students in introductory and industrial psychology courses at L.S.U., were correlated (product-moment) with their scores on the following personality questionnaires and attitude scales: the Human Relations Inventory (Bernberg, 1959), the CaIifornia Rigidity Scale,' the 16 PF Questionnaire (Cattell, et al., 1957), the Personal Preference Schedule (PPS) (Edwards, 1954), the Personnel Inventory (Guilford & Martin, 1943), the Conservatism-Radicalism Questionnaire (Lentz, 1946), the Dogmatism Scale (Rokeach, 1960), the Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor, 1953), and the Wonderlic Personnel Test (intelligence) (Wonderlic, 1939). These scales were selected either as measuring a variety of factorially-determined personality characteristics or as being indices of specific attributes which were suspected, a P r i o ~ i , of being related to one or more of the Famous Sayings subscales. C o n v e n t i o d Mores ( C M ) correlated at the .O1 level with the following: Conservatism, .40; PPS Nurturance, .31; Dogmatism, .30; 16 PF Conscientiousness, .27; 16 PF Sociability. .26; Rigidity, .26; PPS Affiliation, .25; 16 PI: Aggressiveness, -.23; PPS Autonomy, -.24; Radicalism, -.34. Hostility ( K O ) correlated at the .01 level with: Dogmatism, .49; 16 PF SuspicionJealousy, .34; PPS Aggression, .29; 16 PF Maturity, -.24; 16 PF Agreeableness, -.26; 16 PF Objectivity, -.34. Fear o f Failure (FF) correlated at the .O1 level with Dogmatism, .48. Social Acquiescence (SA) correlated at the .O1 level with: Dogmatism, .40; 16 PF Objectivity, -.25. The above data provide some evidence that the CM scale is an indirect measure of convenrionality, conservatism, conscientiousness, rigidity, and sociability. They also suggest that the H O scale is measuring dogmatic, aggressive, suspicious, and immature tendencies, as well as tendencies toward disagreeableness and lack of objectivity. The high correlation of Dogmatism with all four scales is probably due to the fact that the three subscales of Famous Sayings, CM, HO, and FF, as well as the Dogmatism Scale, correlate highly with Social Acquiescence (SA) .
Distance education: How to begin

The variety of programs offered in criminal justice, ranging from training for law enforcement to preparation of prelaw students, suggests that these programs would be amenable to distance delivered instruction. Although instruction of this type has its drawbacks, especially the expense, distance education can expand the scope of criminal justice programs not only in enrollment, but also in the range of courses offered. This paper examines some of the planning issues. These include performing a needs assessment for technological, personnel, and curricular needs; formulating a marketing plan and selecting marketing strategies; developing instruction; and preparing instructors to deliver instruction over a distance.
Perfusate serotonin increases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by in vivo microdialysis

Abstract The effects of local application of serotonin (5-HT) on extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (N.AACC) were assessed using in vivo microdialysis. At a perfusate flow rate of 0.3 μl/min the baseline dialysate concentration of DA was 2.1 ± 0.7 nM (mean ± S.E.M.; n = 5) and significantly increased to 142 ± 18%, 220 ± 47% and 332 ± 35% of baseline when 0.1 μM, 0.2 μM and 0.4 μM concentrations of 5-HT were included in the perfusate. Perfusate 5-HT concentrations below 0.1 μM had no effect on dialysate DA. The in vivo dialysis efficiency for 5-HT was found to be 39 ± 12%, and thus the concentrations of 5-HT reaching the extracellular space at the surface of the dialysis membrane were estimated to be 40,80 and 160 nM for the 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 μM 5-HT perfusates, respectively. The serotonin-induced increase in dialysate DA was attenuated by co-perfusion of 0.4 μM 5-HT with 4 μM concentrations of pindolol (a relatively non-specific 5-HT 1 antagonist; 151 ± 7% vs. 332 ± 35% baseline dialysate DA for 5-HT/antagonist and 5-HT-only perfusates, respectively), LY 53,857 (a specific 5-HT 2 antagonist; 130 ± 17%vs.332 ± 35%) and MDL 7222 (a specific 5-HT 3 antagonist; 143 ± 19%vs.332 ± 35%). While the contributions of the 5-HT 1 receptor subtype are unclear, the inhibitory efficacy of a highly specific 5-HT 2 antagonist and an antagonist specific to 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 3 receptors suggest that both of these receptor subtypes are involved in the serotonin-induced DA increase in the N. ACC.
Nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and lymphocyte differentiation.

Inherited deficiencies of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase have been found to be associated with certain immunodeficiency syndromes which are characterized by deficiencies of mature peripheral lymphocytes. The immunodeficiency states associated with these enzyme deficiencies are thought to arise from blocks in lymphocyte differentiation. Deficiencies of these enzymes have profound and apparently selective effects on lymphocyte differention. Their discovery has focused attention on previously unknown relationships between purine nucleotide metabolism and lymphocyte development and function. In this article three aspects of nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and lymphocyte differentiation will be discussed: 1) the distribution of the enzymes among lymphocyte populations at differing stages of differentiation; 2) the possible biochemical mechanisms which give rise to the immunodeficiencies; 3) the stages of lymphocyte differentiation which are affected by the enzyme deficiencies.
A diamagnetic dititanium(III) paddlewheel complex with no direct metal-metal bond.

Reaction of Ti[N(But)Ar]3 (Ar = 3,5-C6H3Me2 or Ar‘ = C6H5) with CO2 at −40 °C produces diamagmetic TiIII paddlewheel complexes with long Ti−Ti separations (>3.4 A), thus excluding direct Ti−Ti bonding. 1H NMR spectroscopy shows that the compounds are diamagnetic in solution in the temperature range of −65 to +70 °C. In the solid state, the diamagnetism was found to persist between 2 and 300 K. Calculations at the density functional theory level suggest that the diamagnetism results from antiferromagnetic coupling by superexchange through the ligand π system.
Equivalence of variational and slave-boson mean-field treatments of the periodic Anderson model.

On etudie les fonctions d'onde correlees de Gutzwiller, comme des etats fondamentaux variationnels. On etend une technique recente pour le modele de Hubbard, au cas de deux bandes hybrides de degenerescence N. On calcule leurs valeurs pour les limites du systeme dilue, d'une grande degenerescence, et d'une grande dimension
VLSI-distributed architectures for smart cameras

Smart cameras use video/image processing algorithms to capture images as objects, not as pixels. This paper describes architectures for smart cameras that take advantage of VLSI to improve the capabilities and performance of smart camera systems. Advances in VLSI technology aid in the development of smart cameras in two ways. First, VLSI allows us to integrate large amounts of processing power and memory along with image sensors. CMOS sensors are rapidly improving in performance, allowing us to integrate sensors, logic, and memory on the same chip. As we become able to build chips with hundreds of millions of transistors, we will be able to include powerful multiprocessors on the same chip as the image sensors. We call these image sensor/multiprocessor systems image processors. Second, VLSI allows us to put a large number of these powerful sensor/processor systems on a single scene. VLSI factories will produce large quantities of these image processors, making it cost-effective to use a large number of them in a single location. Image processors will be networked into distributed cameras that use many sensors as well as the full computational resources of all the available multiprocessors. Multiple cameras make a number of image recognition tasks easier: we can select the best view of an object, eliminate occlusions, and use 3D information to improve the accuracy of object recognition. This paper outlines approaches to distributed camera design: architectures for image processors and distributed cameras; algorithms to run on distributed smart cameras, and applications of which VLSI distributed camera systems.
Transformation Design Theory: A Meta-Analogical Framework

Electromechanical products and systems are often designed to transform or reconfigure between two or more states. Each state is customized to fulfill a specific set of functions, and the transformation between these multiple states allows for greater functionality and the elimination of many trade-offs between conflicting needs. Empirical examination of existing transforming systems and their similarities has led to a foundational transformation design theory, with meta-analogies and guidelines that explain how transformation processes occur, when they are useful, and how the designer can ensure their maximum benefit. The foundation of these principles and guidelines forms a meta-analogical framework for designing transformers and transformational systems. This paper presents a history of the development of transformational design theory, including the relationship of the research to case-based reasoning in other fields. Ideation methods are presented that specifically exploit the meta-analogies, i.e., categories of transformers. An example design problem is considered to illustrate the potential utility of this design-by-analogy approach.
Reconciling the Multiple Objectives of Prison Diversion Programs for Drug Offenders: Evidence from Kansas' Senate Bill 123.

Background: In recent years, several states have created mandatory prison-diversion programs for felony drug possessors. These programs have both individual-level goals of reducing recidivism rates and system-level goals of reducing prison populations. Objective: This study examines the individual level and system level impact of Kansas’ Senate Bill 123 (SB 123), which created mandatory probation/treatment sentences for felony drug possessors. Research Design: A nonrandomized quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the recidivism rates of drug possessors sentenced to SB 123 relative to drug possessors sentenced to standard probation, intensive probation, or prison. Propensity score matching techniques were used to identify comparison groups. Changes in probabilities of prison sentences preimplementation and postimplementation were used to assess changes in prison admissions and prison populations. Subjects: The treatment group included all eligible drug possessors sentenced to SB 123 between Novemb...
Update on platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: recommendations for clinical practice:

Antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors mediate platelet aggregation, representing the final common pathway of platelet-mediated thrombosis. Therefore, agents blocking this pathway may be desirable for the treatment of patients with ACS and PCI. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors have been widely investigated and have been key to the pharmacological advancements in the field. However, although GPIs have been important to reduce ischemic complications, their elevated risk of bleeding complications remains a major limitation. The poor prognostic implications, including increased mortality, associated with bleeding complication underscores the need for alternative treatment options. Over the past years there have been several advancements in antithrombotic pharmacology which have led to changes in recommendations for GPI usage in clinical practice. This is an overview of the most recent clinical trial data on GPIs, and provides practical insight on their modern day use in ACS therapy.
A numerical investigation of all-analog radio self-interference cancellation

Radio self-interference cancellation (SIC) is the fundamental enabler for full-duplex radios. While SIC methods based on baseband digital signal processing and/or beamforming are inadequate, an all-analog method is useful to drastically reduce the self-interference as the first stage of SIC. However, all-analog radio SIC has so far received very little academic attention in terms of its architectural design and performance limit. In this paper, we present such an early effort. We show that a recently used uniform architecture with uniformly distributed RF attenuators has a performance highly dependent on the carrier frequency. We also show that a new architecture with the attenuators distributed in a clustered fashion has important advantages over the uniform architecture. These advantages are shown numerically through random multipath interference channels, number of control bits in step attenuators, attenuation-dependent phases, single and multi-level structures, etc. These insights will be useful in guiding future hardware-based experiments.
Surface complexes between O2, H2O and lithium

Abstract The He(I) photoelectron spectra of lithium and its surfaces as a function of exposure to O2 or to H2O are reported in this paper. The spectra provide evidence for the formation of a stable complex between H2O and lithium rather than for formation of a product such as LiOH. The spectral evidence for the H2O/Li complex is supported by calculations using several ten atom models of binding sites on unreconstructed lithium surfaces bearing H2O in various conformations.
Direction of comparison, expected feature correlation, and the set-size effect in preference judgment

Consumers often attempt to form a preference between two brands described by differing amounts of information. A set-size effect in preference judgment is reflected by a preference for the brand described by the larger set of features (the large-set brand) when the features are all favorable, or a preference for the brand described by the smaller set of features (the small-set brand) when the features are all unfavorable. Two experiments demonstrate that the set-size effect in preference judgment is more pronounced when information about the large-set brand is presented after (vs. before) the presentation of information about the small-set brand. This effect is reduced when the features unique to the large-set brand are expected to be correlated with the features shared by both brands (Experiment 2). The findings imply that the amount of information available for judgment (set size), the manner in which features of two objects are compared (direction of comparison; see Tversky, 1977), and the manner in which consumers respond to missing information jointly influence judgmental extremity. Implications of the results for understanding judgment based on limited evidence are discussed.
Reducing lighting energy use in retail display windows

A field study was conducted at three clothing stores to validate previous laboratory findings indicating that colored LEDs used as background display lighting could: 1) lower the power demand of accent lighting by up to 50 percent; and 2) provide greater attention capture and visual appeal than current lighting practice. Blue LEDs provided a colored background for window mannequins by illuminating white backdrops. Eliminating fluorescent general lighting and reducing the number and wattage of halogen accent lamps in the display windows reduced the lighting power demand by up to 50 percent. During an eight-week period, more than 700 shoppers rated the attractiveness, eye-catching ability, comfort, and visibility of four different lighting conditions. The results of this field study showed that by introducing color contrast between the displayed objects and the background, the power demand of the accent lighting could be reduced by up to 50 percent without sacrificing visual appeal, visibility, ability to capture the attention of shoppers, and the ability to see the colors of the objects on display. Furthermore, the sales of the products on display were not affected by the 50 percent reduction in lighting.