cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Medicaid misreporting stable over time? Self-reported health insurance coverage of Medicaid recipients in Louisiana, 2007–2017

This study investigates individual-level misreporting among Medicaid recipients in Louisiana from 2007 to 2017. It explores whether the type of individual who misreports varies over time, including following a major policy shift (the implementation of the Affordable Care Act). Results are based on a series of biennial Medicaid Bias Studies from 2007 to 2017 in which Medicaid recipients are asked about their health care coverage, allowing us to identify individuals who misreport their status. Study participants are (1) randomly selected from state Medicaid files or (2) matched participants from a statewide health insurance survey designed to estimate uninsured rates. Survey respondents are asked a battery of questions designed to identify health insurance coverage for themselves and for each member residing within their household. Responses are then matched to Medicaid enrollment data to identify misreporting, including whether household members are misreported as uninsured, covered by an employer, or covered by some other government program. The results reveal that the level of Medicaid misreporting varies over time and that misreporting declined significantly following the Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion. As a result, careful estimation of Medicaid misreporting continues to be an important source of bias in estimates of health insurance coverage.
Accessible, Open-source Hardware and Process Designs for 3D Bioprinting and Culturing Channels Lined with iPSC-derived Vascular Endothelial Cells

Indirect bioprinting for cell culture requires the use of several technologies and techniques which currently prevent many researchers not specialized in electrical engineering or materials science from accessing these new tools. In this paper, a printer and all necessary associated hardware was developed and tested for the purpose of seeding human induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-derived endothelial cells (iECs) onto all surfaces of a fibrin-gelatin channel. Immature iECs were seeded onto all channel surfaces and completed differentiation along channel walls. All required tools and methods, including engineering drawing, printable files, code, and hand-tool templates, have been provided with sufficient clarity to enable full, open-source replication of all technique employed.
Machine Learning Assisted FBG-based Current Sensor for Transmission Lines

We demonstrate the ability of machine learning methods to predict simultaneously the current and the temperature of the magnetostrictive-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based current sensor, which will reduce its cost and complexity.
Symplectic Lie Algebras

In this lecture we do for the symplectic Lie algebras exactly what we did for the special linear ones in §15.1 and most of §15.2: we will first describe in general the structure of a symplectic Lie algebra (that is, give a Cartan subalgebra, find the roots, describe the Killing form, and so on). We will then work out in some detail the representations of the specific algebra \(\mathfrak{s}{{\mathfrak{p}}_{4}}\mathbb{C} \). As in the case of the corresponding analysis of the special linear Lie algebras, this is completely elementary.
Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion and Their Potential Therapeutic Modifications

Invasion and metastases are the major causes of morbidity and mortality for patients with malignant solid tumors. Many patients already have metastases at the time of primary tumor diagnosis. Individual patients’ tumors vary widely in aggressiveness. One patient’s tumor may grow to a larger size and fail to metastasize. Another patient’s tumor of similar histologic appearance may metastasize at a very early stage. Consequently, there is a great clinical need to develop new methods to (1) prevent local tumor invasion, (2) identify and treat clinically occult micrometastases, and (3) predict the aggressiveness of a patient’s individual tumor. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize basic science developments in oncology that provide strategies for developing such methods.
Gendered artifacts and user agency

In this poster we investigate the tension between feminist design ideals and issues of usability with regard to smart closets. Technological artifacts are inscribed with cultural attitudes toward gender, and in turn they can be used to reinforce societal conceptions of gender to users. We propose that smart closets, such as ClosetClique, our user prototype interface, present an opportunity to recognize gender as an integral part of design, in order to further realize feminist design goals and to more fully examine female user experience(s). Additionally, our discussion of usability offers an explicit way to explore how female users react to smart closets as gendered technological artifacts, thereby revealing that everyday contexts of use explicitly contribute to the creation of feminine sociotechnical identities.
A Review of “Policies for Sustainable Governance of Global Ecosystem Services”: Janet Ranganathan, Mohan Munasinghe, and Frances Irwin, eds. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2008. ix and 388 pp., maps, diagrams, notes, and index. $170.00 cloth (ISBN 978-1-84720-244-4)

This edited volume presents fourteen chapters from policy practitioners and scholars that offer a “governance agenda” in response to the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). Divided into thr...
Isolated ventricular septal defect: Electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic and catheterization data

Abstract The electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic and hemodynamic data of 50 cases of isolated ventricular septal defect were analyzed. All but 1 patient had normal sinus rhythm. Ten per cent had first degree A-V block. Patients with rS in V 1 had the lowest right ventricular pressures and relatively small pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio. The right ventricular systolic pressures were generally increased when V 1 revealed prominent R waves. In adults of this group there was a reduction in the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow as compared to children. There was, however, poor correlation between the height of the R wave in V 1 and right ventricular systolic pressures. The incidence of combined ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiographic criteria varied from 8 to 22 per cent, according to the criteria applied, and was 24 per cent by vectorcardiographic criteria. The vectorcardiographic features of combined ventricular hypertrophy are discussed.
Erratum: Crystal structure and magnetic susceptibility of (CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 MnCl 3 (DMMC): A low-symmetry analog of (CH 3 ) 4 NMnCl 3 (TMMC)

The crystal structure of ${(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3})}_{2}$N${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$Mn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ consists of linear chains of face-sharing Mn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{6}$ octahedra which are hydrogen bonded together by the dimethylammonium ions. The Mn-Cl distances range from 2.514 to 2.582 \AA{} and the bridging Mn-Cl-Mn angles from 77.19\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 79.68\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The compound is monoclinic, $\frac{P{2}_{1}}{c}$, with $a=8.811(3)$ \AA{}, $b=13.265(4)$ \AA{}, $c=6.460(2)$ \AA{}, and $\ensuremath{\beta}=99.18(2)$. The magnetic susceptibility shows a broad maximum near 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, typical of a one-dimensional antiferromagnet. A fit of the data to a mean-field-corrected Fisher model gives an intrachain exchange coupling of -6.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and an interchain coupling of -0.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Equilibrium studies of uranyl complexes—I: Interaction of uranyl ion with some hydroxy-carboxylic and aminocarboxylic acids☆

Abstract A quantitative study of the interaction of uranyl ion with 5-sulphosalicylic acid (SSA), iminodiacetic acid (IMDA) and N-hydroxyethylminodiacetic acid (HIMDA) has been carried out potentiometrically. Stability constants of the uranyl chelates containing a 1:1 ratio of metal to ligand have been determined at 25° in media maintained at 0.1 and 1.0 ionic strengths with potassium. nitrate. The hydrolysis and dimerization constants of the 1:1 uranyl HIMDA chelate are reported. Possible structures for the various species present in solution are indicated on the basis of an analysis of the potentiometric data.
GPS Tracking Technology: The Case for Revisiting Knotts and Shifting the Supreme Court's Theory of the Public Space Under the Fourth Amendment

The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom from government intrusion into individual privacy. More than two hundred years after the time of the Framers, however, the government possesses technologies, like GPS tracking, that allow law enforcement to obtain ever-greater amounts of detail about individuals without ever setting foot inside the home—the area where Fourth Amendment protections are highest. Despite the dangers GPS tracking and other technologies present to individual privacy, the U.S. Supreme Court's Fourth Amendment jurisprudence frequently fails to acknowledge any semblance of privacy in the public sphere. This Note argues that rather than defining Fourth Amendment privacy based on purely physical boundaries, a proper analysis would protect those features of society that provide privacy. By recognizing that features other than physical boundaries can generate privacy, this analysis would ensure the Fourth Amendment continues to preserve individual privacy even in the face of sophisticated new technologies.
Distributed topology control in wireless ad hoc networks using /spl beta/-skeletons

We propose a novel approach for sparse topology generation in wireless ad hoc networks based on a graph structure known as /spl beta/-skeletons. Two efficient algorithms are presented in this paper for creating a connected topology from an underlying /spl beta/-skeleton. One algorithm is a distributed algorithm that runs on each component of the /spl beta/-skeleton. It creates a connected structure from the disconnected /spl beta/-skeleton graph using a distributed leader election algorithm. The running time of this algorithm is O(nlogn), The other is a localized algorithm that uses two-hop neighborhood information to generate a connected topology, with a running time of O(n). Simulations show consistent decrease in node degree in the resulting topology. The observed decrease is greater than 33% in comparison to the relative neighborhood graph (RNG) and greater than 50% in comparison to other topology structures such as, the Gabriel graph (GG) and the Yao construction on GG.
DEMENTIA BEYOND DRUGS: CHANGING THE CULTURE OF CARE

In Dementia beyond drugs: Changing the culture of care, geriatrician G. Allen Power asks readers to rethink the way care is provided to older adults—in particular, to older adults with dementia. In...
Volume Reconstruction by Inverse Interpolation: Application to Interleaved MR Motion Correction

We introduce in this work a novel algorithm for volume reconstruction from data acquired on an irregular grid, e.g., from multiple co-registered images. The algorithm, which is based on an inverse interpolation formalism, is superior to other methods in particular when the input images have lower spatial resolution than the reconstructed image. Local intensity bounds are enforced by an L-BFGS-B optimizer, regularize the reconstruction problem, and preserve the intensity distribution of the input images. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method by applying it to retrospective motion correction in interleaved MR images.
Parallel solvers for flexible approximation schemes in multiparticle simulation

New finite difference schemes with flexible local approximation are applied to screened electrostatic interactions of spherical colloidal particles governed by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Local analytical approximations of the solution are incorporated directly into the scheme and yield high approximation accuracy even on simple and relatively coarse Cartesian grids. Several parallel iterative solution techniques have been tested with an emphasis on suitable parallel preconditioning for the nonsymmetric system matrix. In particular, flexible GMRES preconditioned with the distributed Schur Complement exhibits good solution time and scales well when the number of particles, grid nodes or processors increases.
Cystathionine gamma-synthetase of Salmonella. Structural properties of a new enzyme in bacterial methionine biosynthesis.

Abstract An enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of l-cystathionine from the succinyl ester of l-homoserine and l-cysteine was isolated from a Salmonella mutant blocked in another step of methionine synthesis, and derepressed for cystathionine γ-synthetase formation. The approximate molecular weight of the enzyme was 155,000 and it was unchanged after removal of tightly bound pyridoxal phosphate. In the absence of cysteine the same enzyme catalyzed the formation of α-ketobutyrate from O-succinyl-l-homoserine. This γ elimination reaction was relatively slow, although the Km for succinylhomoserine was much lower than in the presence of cysteine. β-Mercaptopropionate inhibited elimination, as did other mercaptans with α-, β-, or γ-carboxyl group, without changing the Km for succinylhomoserine; none of the mercaptans tested could replace l-cysteine as substrate. Only O-acetylhomoserine was found able to replace succinylhomoserine. N-Ethylmaleimide had been shown to trap an intermediary precursor of α-ketobutyrate during decomposition of succinylhomoserine catalyzed by another enzyme. This trapping reaction was shown to occur to a much smaller extent when the same reaction was catalyzed by cystathionine γ-synthetase.
Regeneration of Liver

One of the most fascinating features of the liver is that it has the capacity to regulate its own growth and mass. The hepatocyte, the main cellular component of the liver, is a metabolically active cell that does not actively replicate in the normal liver. Yet hepatocytes readily proliferate in response to a deficit in tissue mass or cells. Such conditions occur after surgical removal of portions of the liver (partial hepatectomy) or hepatocyte death caused by chemical injury or viruses. The growth response triggered by these conditions is known as liver regeneration. Keywords: hepatocyte; hepatectomy; proliferation; transplantation; hyperplasia
Deamidation and succinimide formation by γ-N-methylasparagine: Potential pitfalls of amino acid analysis☆

Abstract The biological function of the post-translationally methylated amino acid γ-N-methylasparagine (γ-NMA) in proteins is unknown. We are examining the premise that amide methylation protects against deamidation. The free amino acids Asn, γ-NMA, Gln, and δ-N-methylglutamine (δ-NMG) were incubated at elevated temperature and a variety of pH conditions to assay for deamidation. Gln disappears 12- to 14-fold more rapidly than δ-NMG, and Asn hydrolyzes to Asp and NH3 as expected. However, the γ-NMA deamidation rate is severely overestimated by simply measuring the disappearance of starting material because γ-NMA undergoes a cyclization reaction in preference to deamidation. At pH 1 the predominant γ-NMA reaction is formation of stable 3-amino-N-methylsuccinimide (NMS) and this occurs > 10-fold faster than Asn deamidation. At pH 4.0, 7.4, and 9.0 NMS is readily formed but it is unstable and partitions between the parent compound, γ-NMA, and a second species, α-N-methylasparagine. At pH 7.4 and 9.0 γ-NMA disappears 4-fold slower than Asn but the methyl amide hydrolysis rate is diminished by as much as 13-fold. The Asn incubations over the pH range 1–9 yield scant evidence of a succinimide intermediate. It is concluded that the amide methylation provides a unique reaction pathway and stabilization for the N-methylsuccinimide species. Amino acid analysis by o-phthalaldehyde postcolumn reaction fails to detect isoasparagine, α-N-methylasparagine, and NMS. Amino acid analysis by precolumn derivatization with phenyl isothiocyanate destroys NMS and therefore cannot quantitate this compound. The ninhydrin postcolumn derivatization method is able to detect and quantitate all of these amino acid species.
Embedding a Peer-Supported Development Scheme: Overcoming Challenges in Engaging Staff and Students in Continuing Professional Development

Abstract The Peer Supported Development Scheme (PSDS) provides a cross-institutional framework to enable constructive dialogue to develop teaching and learning in order to further the student experience and enable staff to continue their professional development. It built upon and replaced the current peer observation system. Colleagues may explore any activity which relates to learning and teaching. To date 36 case studies have been compiled, these illustrate the diversity of activities covered by PSDS in contrast to the former Peer Observation Scheme. PSDS facilitates sharing best practice and enhances the student experience, putting learning and teaching at the forefront of institutional practice.
Optimized dual-trajectory tracking control of a 9-DoF WMRA system for ADL tasks

Wheelchair-bound persons with upper limb motion limitations can utilize a wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) to perform activities of daily living (ADL) tasks. In this paper, an optimized control of our 9-DoF system, consisting of a 7-DoF robotic arm and a 2-DoF power wheelchair, is achieved. For effective ADL task execution, positioning the end-effector with proper wheelchair orientation was optimized as part of the control algorithm. Separate wheelchair and end-effector trajectories were simultaneously followed to execute a “Go To and Open the Door” task. The control methodology, implementation and test results in simulation are presented in this paper.
Energy harvesting prospects in turbulent boundary layers by using piezoelectric transduction

Abstract Thin flexible cantilever beams with patches of piezoelectric materials or surrogate beams with attached strain gages have been electromechanically characterized for energy harvesting inside turbulent boundary layers. A turbulent boundary layer carries mechanical energy distributed over a range of temporal and spatial scales and their interaction with the immersed piezoelectric beams results in a strain field which generates the electrical charge. This energy harvesting method can be used for developing self-powered electronic devices such as flow sensors. In the present experimental work, various energy harvesters were placed in the boundary layers of a large scale wind tunnel with Reθ between 2000 and 7500. The orientation of the beam relatively to the incoming flow and the wall was found to be critical parameters affecting the energy output. “Power maps” are presented for various roll and pitch angles as well as external flow velocities. The role of large instantaneous turbulent boundary layer structures in this rather complex fluid–structure interaction is discussed in interpreting the electrical output results. The forces acting on the vibrating beams have been measured dynamically and a theory has been developed which incorporates the effects of mean local velocity, turbulence intensity, the relative size of the beam׳s length to the integral length scale of turbulence, the structural properties of the beam and the electrical properties of the active piezoelectric layer to provide reasonable estimates of the mean electrical power output.
An exact solution for micromechanical analysis of periodically layered composites

Abstract This paper presents an exact solution for effective properties and local fields of periodic layered composites, obtained based on variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization, a recently developed micromechanics modeling framework. The layered composites could be made of multiple general anisotropic layers. This solution reproduces some published results when specialized to layered composites made of two orthotropic or isotropic layers and is located within the correctly interpreted bounds of the rules of mixtures according to Voigt and Reuss. It is also emphasized in this paper that the rules of mixtures according to Voigt and Reuss are absolute upper and lower bounds for the effective properties of layered composites if the bounds are interpreted in terms of the stiffness matrix or the fourth-order elasticity tensor. The confusion in a few recent papers regarding effective Young's modulus of layered isotropic composites could exceed the Voigt and Reuss estimates is clarified.
The pricing of convexity risk and timedecay in options markets

Abstract Option valuation formulas typically assume all risk can be eliminated in a continuously rebalanced hedge, but convexity of the option pricing function and time decay cause risk in real world hedges. We find strong evidence in stock options transactions data from periods 10 years apart that the market prices these risks. There is a significant price effect associated with convexity, that becomes larger immediately following a period of larger stock price movements. Although time decay is highly correlated with convexity, a multiple regression including both factors shows it to have a significant independent effect. The results from the two sample periods are highly consistent, as are pre- and post-Crash results from the year 1987.
Pathologic outcomes for low-risk prostate cancer after delayed radical prostatectomy in the United States.

Abstract Objectives To measure adverse pathologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy (RP) for men with low-risk prostate cancer in the United States based on time from diagnosis to surgery. Methods We extracted data from the National Cancer Database in 2010 and 2011 on 17,943 low-risk patients (Gleason score = 3+3, prostate-specific antigen 6 months after diagnosis and measured the effect of delayed RP on pathologic upgrading, upstaging, nodal metastases, and positive surgical margins. Results Overall, 16,818 underwent RP≤6 months, 894 at 6 to 9 months, 169 at 9 to 12 months, and 62 at>12 months from diagnostic biopsy. Furthermore, upgrading occurred in 43%, upstaging in 9%, positive surgical margins in 16%, and nodal metastases in 0.3% of men. Upgrading, upstaging, or nodal metastases occurred in 45% of men. On multivariable analysis, higher prostate-specific antigen (4.1–9.9 ng/ml vs. 0.1–2.4 ng/ml; odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.66–2.10),>2 positive biopsy cores (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.57–1.81),≥34% positive biopsy cores (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18–1.39), black race (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05–1.28), and time from biopsy to RP>12 months (vs.≤6 mo: OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01–2.84) each independently increased the composite risk of adverse pathology (all P Conclusion In the United States, nearly half of men with low-risk prostate cancer experience at least one adverse pathologic outcome at RP. Delaying RP up to 12 months did not change the risk of adverse pathology. Men may safely use the time following their initial biopsy to consider management options and obtain a restaging biopsy, if recommended.
IVFCP: a flow control protocol for Internet video

The current Internet is not designed for real-time applications. There are at least three major problems in developing real-time applications on the Internet: insufficient bandwidth, transmission performance unpredictability, and no support for quality of service. Current research efforts in providing better services on the Internet fall into two approaches. One focuses on enhancing the application layer, and the other modifies the network layer. This paper is based on the first approach, which seems more feasible. Real-time applications have to take adaptive strategies based on the dynamics of network status. The effectiveness of an adaptive strategy depends on whether it can accurately find out the current available bandwidth. A good estimate of the bandwidth can be obtained through a valid flow and congestion control protocol. In a rate-based feedback scheme, the receiver continuously monitors the quality of data stream such as data loss rate and sends back the information to the sender. The sender will then adjust the sending rate based on this information with the goal of minimizing the data loss rate. However, this scheme has at least two potential drawbacks. It may cause network buffer overflow since it controls the data rate rather than buffer size, and it is not easy to select a loss ratio threshold. This paper proposes a new Internet video flow control protocol (IVFCP) which adjusts data sending rate based on the combination of the receiver buffer length, packet loss ration, and current data rate. The flow control protocol runs every round trip instead of periodically or when congestion happens. It can control the rate more directly and precisely. This rate-based feedback control protocol is evaluated through simulation, and its performance is compared with that of other protocols.
Ultrastructural analysis of conidiophore development in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans using freeze-substitution

Conidiation inAspergillus nidulans can be divided conveniently into five morphologically distinct stages. These are development of the conidiophore stalk, formation of the conidiophore vesicle, differentiation of metulae, differentiation of phialides, and production of conidia. The results presented here demonstrate that freeze-substitution fixation greatly facilitates the study of most of these stages. Ultrastructural features of vesicles, mitochondria, microtubules and nuclei were more easily resolved in freeze-substituted samples than in chemically fixed samples. In addition, certain structures and events simply not visible in chemically fixed samples were found routinely in freeze-substituted samples. Examples include Golgi bodies and multivesicular bodies and mitotic divisions associated with various stages of conidiation.
Statistical word learning at scale: the baby's view is better

A key question in early word learning is how children cope with the uncertainty in natural naming events. One potential mechanism for uncertainty reduction is cross-situational word learning - tracking word/object co-occurrence statistics across naming events. But empirical and computational analyses of cross-situational learning have made strong assumptions about the nature of naming event ambiguity, assumptions that have been challenged by recent analyses of natural naming events. This paper shows that learning from ambiguous natural naming events depends on perspective. Natural naming events from parent-child interactions were recorded from both a third-person tripod-mounted camera and from a head-mounted camera that produced a 'child's-eye' view. Following the human simulation paradigm, adults were asked to learn artificial language labels by integrating across the most ambiguous of these naming events. Significant learning was found only from the child's perspective, pointing to the importance of considering statistical learning from an embodied perspective.
Dataflow representation in a network database

Solutions to the problem of consistency and correctness of duplicate database have been tackled by many authors such as in [Elli77], [Grap76], and [Mull71]. In a network system, each update may bring up a different kind of consistency and a new proof of correctness. Data integrity and security in a concurrent environment are a big headache for the system implementor. Issues related to security and social impacts on a network system are discussed in [Denn72]. This paper attempts to use a new method, Dataflow Language, to represent the interactions in a network environment, and in doing so, the paper, hopefully, points out the consistency, and correctness of the duplicate database.
How the field of controlled-release technology began, and its central role in the development of angiogenesis research

The first controlled-release methodology was developed in 1962 and was based upon diffusion of small molecules (molecular weight less than 500) through the wall of silicone rubber tubing. The problem of controlled-release of large molecules such as proteins was not solved until more than a decade later, when it was discovered that microchannels formed around lyophilized proteins embedded in polymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (pHEMA), as water permeated through the polymer. These studies led to the development of a 5-year contraceptive implant, e.g., Norplant; rapid progress in the field of angiogenesis research; and a method for regulating cell shape and growth control in vitro.
IgM, IgA and IgG rheumatoid factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal donors

IgM, IgA, and IgG Rheumatoid Factors (RF) were measured by ELISA assay in serum from 26 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 11 normal controls. IgM-RF was assayed by ELISA, radioimmunoassay, and also by the standard latex fixation test in all sera from RA patients. In patients with RA quantitative amounts of IgM, IgA, and IgG-RF as estimated by ELISA were highly correlated. Significant correlations were found between a physician's rating of disease activity and IgG-RF (r = 0.44; p less than .02) and IgA-RF (r = 0.38; p = .06 but not for IgM-RF as measured in any of the three assays.
Effects of Seasonal Variations, Thyroid and Steroid Hormones, and Carp Pituitary Extract on the Artificial Production of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus× Blue Catfish I. furcatus Hybrids

. The primary objective was to compare thyroid hormones and levels of carp pituitary extract for the artificial production of female Ictalurus punctatus× male I. furcatus hybrid catfish. The effects of different carp pituitary extract dosage rates (5, 6, 9, and 10 mg/kg), carp pituitary extract (6 and 10 mg/kg) supplemented with the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), or pregnenolone (DHP) were determined for inducing ovulation of female channel catfish, fertilization of channel catfish eggs with male blue catfish sperm, and hatching rate of these embryos. Hormone treatments thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine with carp pituitary extract, carp pituitary extract alone, and pregnenolone with carp pituitary extract used to artificially produce hybrid catfish were not different in terms of ovulation rates, eggs/kg, fry/kg body weight of female channel catfish, fertilization rates, or hatching rates (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that lower amounts of carp pituitary extract may be used to induce spawn of female channel catfish for production of channel-blue catfish hybrids and the addition of thyroid and steroid hormones is ineffective at the rates used in this study.
Comparative Simulative Analysis of WDM Lans for Avionics Platforms

With their almost unlimited potential for performance and their decreasing costs, advanced optical components and networks are now being seriously considered for deployment in emerging avionics systems. Towards the goal of developing an advanced avionics network that features wave-division multiplexing (WDM) for performance that is highly scalable, dependable, protocol-independent, and versatile, many disparate architecture strategies need to be evaluated. Due to the high cost of testbed prototyping and integration with existing systems, a simulative approach is used in this study to analyze and compare candidate WDM LAN architectures at a high level. Using discrete-event simulation models developed at the University of Florida, several contrasting approaches are examined for constructing an optical network architecture supportive of future avionics requirements. Each architecture is evaluated in terms of two application scenarios. The results from the simulation experiments enable a high-level comparison of competing architectures and provide insight for aerospace network researchers and designers.
Droplet-frozen sensitized red cells for Gm typing.

Summary Detection of Gm and Inv Types has been enhanced by the use of frozen red cells. After sensitization, red cells are frozen as discrete droplets by spraying onto liquid nitrogen (-196°C). Only the quantity of cells necessary for a Gm or Inv test needs to be thawed. The remaining frozen sensitized red cell droplets will retain their antigenicity for years.
Derivation of an effective Lagrangian from a generalized scalar curvature

Abstract A spinor Lagrangian invariant under global coordinate, local Lorentz and local chiral SU ( n ) × SU ( n ) gauge transformations is presented. The invariance requirement necessitates the introduction of boson fields, and a theory for these fields is then developed by relating them to generalizations of the vector connections in general relativity and utilizing an expanded scalar curvature as a boson Lagrangian. In implementing this plan, the local Lorentz group is found to greatly facilitate the correlation of the boson fields occurring in the spinor Lagrangian with the generalized vector connections. The independent boson fields of the theory are assumed to be the inhomogeneously transforming irreducible parts of the connections. It turns out that no homogeneously transforming parts are necessary to reproduce the chiral Lagrangian usually used as a basis for phenomenological field theories. The Lagrangian in question appears when the gravitational interaction is turned off. It includes pseudoscalar, spinor, vector, and axial vector fields, and the vector fields carry mass in spite of the fact that the theory is locally gauge invariant.
The Circulatory Abnormalities of Heat Stroke

Abstract Serial hemodynamic measurements in eight Marine recruits suffering from acute heat stroke (mean rectal temperature of 41.5°C) revealed a hyperdynamic circulation pattern in seven: mean car...
Lipase asymmetrization of cis-3,7-dihydroxycycloheptene derivatives in organic and aqueous media

Abstract The meso -diol and corresponding diacetates of cycloheptene derivatives were subjected to enzymatic asymmetrizations utilizing Pseudomonas cepacia lipase in organic and aqueous media. These biotransformations illustrate the enantio-complementary nature of enzymatic reactions in organic and aqueous media.
Return to the RNAi world: rethinking gene expression and evolution

Thanks to the Nobel Foundation for permission to publish this Lecture. Here we report the transcript of the lecture delivered by Professor Craig C Mello at the Nobel Prize ceremony. Professor Mello vividly describes the years of research that led to the discovery of RNA interference and the molecular mechanisms that regulate this fundamental cellular process. The turning point of discoveries and the role played by all his colleagues and collaborators are described, making this a wonderful report of the adventure of research. The lecture explains in simple language the importance of this discovery that has added a great level of complexity to the way cells regulate protein levels; moreover, it points out the beauty and importance of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and how the use of this model has greatly contributed to the advance of science. Finally, Professor Mello leaves us with a number of questions that his research has raised and that will require years of future research to be answered.
Structure-Property Relationships in Polymer Derived Amorphous/Nano-Crystalline Silicon Carbide for Nuclear Applications

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising candidate for several applications in nuclear reactors owing to its high thermal conductivity, high melting temperature, good chemical stability, and resistance to swelling under heavy ion bombardment. However, fabricating SiC by traditional powder processing route generally requires very high temperatures for pressureless sintering. Polymer derived ceramic materials offer unique advantages such as ability to fabricate net shaped components, incorporate reinforcements and relatively low processing temperatures. Furthermore, for SiC based ceramics fabricated using polymer infiltration process (PIP), the microstructure can be tailored by controlling the processing parameters, to get an amorphous, nanocrystalline or crystalline SiC. In this work, fabrication of polymer derived amorphous and nano-grained SiC is presented and its application as an in-core material is explored. Monolithic SiC samples are fabricated by controlled pyrolysis of allylhydridopolycarbosilane (AHPCS) under inert atmosphere. Chemical changes, phase transformations and microstructural changes occurring during the pyrolysis process are studied as a function of the processing temperature. Polymer cross-linking and polymer to ceramic conversion is studied using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) are performed to monitor the mass loss and phase change as a function of temperature. X-ray diffraction studies are done to study the intermediate phases and microstructural changes. Variation in density is carefully monitored as a function of processing temperature. Owing to shrinkage and gas evolution during pyrolysis, precursor derived ceramics are inherently porous and composite fabrication typically involves repeated cycles of polymer reinfiltration and pyrolysis. However, there is a limit to the densification that can be achieved by this method and porosity in the final materials presents difficulties in interpreting “true” properties from bulk measurements. Hence, hardness and modulus measurements are carried out using instrumented nanoindentation to establish property–structure relationship for SiC derived from the polymer precursor. It is seen that the presence of nanocrystalline domains in amorphous SiC significantly influences the modulus and hardness.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
An improved microfluorometric enzymatic assay for the determination of ammonia.

Abstract A simple, rapid microfluorometric enzymatic method for the determination of ammonia is described. The basis for the assay is the enzymatic conversion of ammonia and α-ketoglutarate to glutamate by glutamate dehydrogenase and the measurement of disappearance of NADH. The assay sensitivity is 1–50 nmol of ammonia.
Optical fiber magnetic field sensors and signal processing for vehicle detection and classification

A miniaturized optical fiber magnetometer has been designed, assembled and evaluated for the detection and classification of vehicles. The sensor element consists of a Fabry-Perot cavity formed between the parallel ends of a high quantity cylindrical metallic glass ribbon and a single mode optical fiber, both held int a hollow tube with an inner diameter several microns larger than the ribbon and the fiber. This sensor head is then potted in a small-diameter, rugged, nonmagnetic housing to allow handling and installation into a protected section of parking lot or other environment to enable vehicle signature detection and analysis. The minimum detectable magnetic field is on the order of 100 nT at dc. The sensor has been used to evaluate the potential detection and analysis of vehicle signatures. When material in a vehicle passes nearby the sensor element, it perturbs the magnetic field and produces a complex output signal dependent upon the shape of the ferrous material in the vehicle, its distance and orientation with respect to the sensor element, and the sped of the vehicle. We have also considered the use of wavelet methods to allow the processing of such data, because it allows variations in differential phasing corresponding to varying vehicles speeds.
Heronian Triangles Are Lattice Triangles

(2001). Heronian Triangles Are Lattice Triangles. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 261-263.
GROWTH FACTOR STUDIES WITH SPIRODELA POLYRRHIZA (L.) SCHLEID.

Leeuwenhoek was one of the first men to record observations upon the peculiar growth habits of members of the family Lemnaceae. Taxonomists and morphologists have long argued about the proper classification and anatomical interpretation of these, most modified of higher plants, while physiologists from the time of Sachs have seen in Lemna and Spirodela a type of plant peculiarly suited for experimental investigations in the field of nutrition. This has been because of their small size and aquatic habit which make them ideal for culture in nutrient solution. In recent times there has been considerable controversy over the question as to whether organic manures, humus, peat, and soil supply small amounts of organic materials which promote the growth of green plants. Are the beneficial effects often observed upon treatment with these substances simply the result of correcting recognized or unrecognized inorganic deficiencies, or are they the result of accessory growth factors? In undertaking to answer this question, Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. was chosen as the test plant since careful control of its growth environment is readily achieved. The possibility of freeing the plants of microorganisms and employing sterile culture technique make its use particularly desirable in a study concerned with the effects of organic materials. The primary aim in the investigation was to demonstrate that organic additions to a medium of inorganic salts balanced for optimal growth can produce a significant increase in growth. Also, that manures, humus, peat, and soil are sources of these growth promoting substances, and to find out as much about their nature as possible. Growing out ot this line of study was a broader one, namely, an attempt to gain some insight into the mechanism of the action and interaction of the many different factors, such as light, carbon dioxide, carbohydrate supply, etc., which are known to affect the growth of Spirodela. Finally, unsuccessful attempts were made to induce flowering of Spirodela, which occurs only rarely in nature and has never been induced experimentally.
Justice, health literacy and social epidemiology.

Volandes and Paasche-Orlow's (2007) article fits into the burgeoning bioethics scholarship that posits moral worth to better communication in the clinical encounter. A central idea in this literatu...
Analyzing a Transit Subway Station During Fire Emergency Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Computational fluid dynamics is used to analyze a transit subway station during fire emergency conditions. The analysis is based on solving the partial differential equations governing the transport of mass, momentum, and energy within the station geometry. A steady source of heat (e.g., fire) equivalent to 90 MBtu/hr is placed in the station. Steady state results for temperature distribution and air velocity field for three fire locations are presented. The results indicate that safe evacuation of patrons cannot be achieved without mechanical ventilation.
Light scattering in mixtures of BSA, BSA dimers, and fibrinogen under the influence of electric fields☆

Abstract We report the development of a new technique for analyzing a mixture of different charged macromolecules. This technique combines light scattering and electrophoresis to permit the simultaneous determination of the electrophoretic mobilities and diffusion coefficients of charged macromolecules in solution. High resolution experiments on bovine serum albumin (BSA) have provided both the electrophoretic mobility and diffusion coefficient within a standard deviation of 5%. We report also the first observation of analytical separation of multicomponent systems by this technique. Distinct resolution for the systems BSA-BSA dimers and BSA-BSA dimersfibrinogen has been achieved. Finally we discuss potential extensions and applications of this technique.
Effect of Feed and Water Deprivation on Organ and Blood Characteristics of Young Turkeys

Abstract Two-week-old Diamond White poults were deprived of food, water, or food and water (food/water) for up to 3 days to estimate the effects of anorexia similar to that observed in parasitic infections. The weight loss of poults deprived of water for 48 hr was approximately the same as those deprived of feed. Loss of heart and pancreas weight was proportional to the loss of body weight, but moisture levels in the hearts of feed-deprived poults increased significantly by 24 hr. In contrast, moisture levels in the pancreas of poults in all three deprived groups decreased significantly by 24 hr; the pancreases were blanched and granular after 48 hr of feed deprivation. Packed red blood cell volumes increased significantly by 48 hr in water- and feed/water-deprived poults and by 72 hr in the feed-deprived group. Plasma carotenoid and plasma aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) levels of deprived birds did not differ significantly from controls. Plasma total proteins were significantly decreased in feed-deprived poults by 72 hr, significantly increased in water-deprived poults, and unchanged in poults deprived of both feed and water. Although sometimes significant, changes other than weight loss in the poults deprived of feed and/or water were not marked; therefore, even the severe anorexia sometimes associated with parasitic infections in turkeys probably would not appreciably effect the measurements of these parameters.
The Coactivator CBP Stimulates Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus Type I Tax Transactivation in Vitro

Tax interacts with the cellular cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and facilitates the binding of the coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP), forming a multimeric complex on the cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE)-like sites in the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) promoter. The trimeric complex is believed to recruit additional regulatory proteins to the HTLV-I long terminal repeat, but there has been no direct evidence that CBP is required for Tax-mediated transactivation. We present evidence that Tax and CBP activate transcription from the HTLV-I 21 base pair repeats on naked DNA templates. Transcriptional activation of the HTLV-I sequences required both Tax and CBP and could be mediated by either the N-terminal activation domain of CBP or the full-length protein. Fluorescence polarization binding assays indicated that CBP does not markedly enhance the affinity of Tax for the trimeric complex. Transcription analyses suggest that CBP activates Tax-dependent transcription by promoting transcriptional initiation and reinitiation. The ability of CBP to activate the HTLV-I promoter does not involve the stabilization of Tax binding, but rather depends upon gene activation properties of the co-activator that function in the context of a naked DNA template.
Aero-Structural Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades With Sweep and Winglets: Coupling a Vortex Line Method to ADAMS/AeroDyn

The FAST/ADAMS/AeroDyn system of codes has been widely used to perform the aero-structural analysis of conventional wind turbine blades. Recent advances in blade design involve the development of aeroelastic tailored blades with large amounts of sweep, and blades with winglets. However, the existing Blade Element Momentum (BEM) approach in AeroDyn is limited to straight blades and does not account for sweep or dihedral effects. The goal of this work is to obtain higher fidelity aerodynamic loads predictions for such advanced blade designs. A Vortex Line Method (VLM) for computing aerodynamic loads has been coupled to ADAMS through modification of the existing AeroDyn interface. The VLM approach adopted here adds fidelity by modeling the effects of sweep, dihedral, 3D wakes, and wake dynamics. An existing steady/unsteady VLM code with these capabilities was restructured to allow its integration with AeroDyn. The FAST routines from NREL, which are used as a preprocessor to ADAMS, and the ADAMS/AeroDyn interface itself, were also modified to create an ADAMS model that properly accounts for the curvature of the blade that occurs when large amounts of sweep or winglets are present. The resulting ADAMS/VLM model was compared to the original ADAMS/BEM model for a straight blade and for a highly swept blade. The model was also applied to blades with pressure-side and suction-side winglet configurations. The BEM and VLM models give similar aero predictions for the straight blade, as expected. The induced twist and blade deformations are found to be more similar for the two methods than the aerodynamic loads. Computations were made for the blades with the winglets at different wind speeds and different pitch settings, and results were obtained for blade deflection, induced twist, and thrust and torque force distributions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME