cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Approach to Life-Threatening Pulmonary Infiltrates

Diagnosis of pulmonary disease is typically based upon consideration of presenting symptoms, physical examination, and pulmonary function testing in combination with classification of radiographic features, to guide diagnostic tests and initiate empiric treatment. When diagnostic efforts and/or empiric treatment fails, thoracic surgeons have traditionally been called upon to perform surgical biopsy of the lung to aid in the diagnosis of indeterminate, life-threatening pulmonary disease. Such biopsy has been requested specifically in the case of diffuse lung disease among patients receiving treatment for solid-organ or hematologic cancers, particularly when symptoms of respiratory failure progress and when noninvasive diagnostic tests and empiric treatments fail to halt progression. In such circumstances, radiologists, pulmonologists, and thoracic surgeons may be consulted and asked to provide tissue specimens that will allow rapid, accurate diagnosis leading to specific treatment. It is imperative that biopsy take place before respiratory failure supervenes [1], and that the specimens provided to clinical laboratories, pathologists, and microbiologists are comprehensive and properly preserved.
Preoperative Psychosocial Assessment for the Bariatric Patient

Preoperative psychosocial assessment of patients seeking weight loss surgery (WLS) has become a standard practice at many bariatric clinics. This is not surprising, as many preoperative bariatric patients present with multiple psychosocial challenges, including maladaptive eating behaviors, mood symptoms, interpersonal distress, and low socioeconomic status. While a causal relationship between preoperative psychosocial variables and outcomes has not been identified, postoperative psychosocial variables have been tied to poor weight loss outcomes. Further, there have been advances in the definition of what constitutes a positive outcome following bariatric surgery. With this growth has come an increased consensus related to the benefit of comprehensive preoperative psychosocial assessment in improving outcomes. Findings from these assessments can be used to predict and treat potential barriers to success and improve interdisciplinary team functioning. As there is increased diversity in the types of WLS available, and increased access to these treatments, comprehensive psychosocial assessment is likely to prove critical in accommodating the changing needs of an increasingly diverse WLS-seeking population.
Corrosion performance of 5182 aluminium alloy in calcium chloride solution

Corrosion behaviour of 5182 aluminium was evaluated in terms of weight change in a 30% calcium chloride solution at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 65°C. The test results indicate that there is a critical temperature (35°C) above which the alloy experiences weight gain and below which the alloy experiences weight loss during the corrosion processes. Optical light microscopy (OLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were carried out to characterise the corrosion behaviour of this alloy. The results indicate that weight gain and weight loss occur under different corrosion mechanisms.
Immune-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of emphysema: insights from mouse models

The cellular mechanisms that result in the initiation and progression of emphysema are clearly complex. A growing body of human data combined with discoveries from mouse models utilizing cigarette smoke exposure or protease administration have improved our understanding of emphysema development by implicating specific cell types that may be important for the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most important aspects of emphysematous damage appear to be oxidative or protease stress and sustained macrophage activation and infiltration of other immune cells leading to epithelial damage and cell death. Despite the identification of these associated processes and cell types in many experimental studies, the reasons why cigarette smoke and other pollutants result in unremitting damage instead of injury resolution are still uncertain. We propose an important role for macrophages in the sequence of events that lead and maintain this chronic tissue pathologic process in emphysema. This model involves chronic activation of macrophage subtypes that precludes proper healing of the lung. Further elucidation of the cross-talk between epithelial cells that release damage-associated signals and the cellular immune effectors that respond to these cues is a critical step in the development of novel therapeutics that can restore proper lung structure and function to those afflicted with emphysema.
Eye of the Beholder: Johannes Vermeer, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, and the Reinvention of Seeing. By Laura J. Snyder. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2015. Pp. xiv, 432. $27.95.)

The author of this new book considers the optical investigations of seventeenth‐century Dutch innovators Johannes Vermeer and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, whose parallel lives unfolded in Delft, as dari...
Central Control of Gastrointestinal Transit and Motility by Brain—Gut Peptides

In 1820, the French physiologist Jean Georges Cabanis reported the influence of the brain over gastrointestinal function as follows: “A vigorous and healthy man has just eaten a good meal; in the midst of this feeling of well-being the foods that are at the moment carried to the various parts of the organism are energetically digested, and the digestive juices dissolve them easily and quickly. Should this man receive a bad news, or should sad and baneful passions suddenly arise in his soul, his stomach and intestines will immediately cease to act on the foods contained in them. The very juice in which the foods are already almost entirely dissolved will remain as though struck by a moral stupor and ... digestion will cease entirely ...”1
Current and investigational non-dopaminergic agents for management of motor symptoms (including motor complications) in Parkinson's disease.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a heterogeneous combination of motor and non motor symptoms. The nigrostriatal dopamine deficit is one of its essential pathophysiologic features.Areas covered: This invited narrative review provides an overlook over current available and future promising non dopaminergic therapeutics to modulate altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in Parkinson’s disease. Current research strategies aim to proof clinical efficacy by amelioration of motor symptoms and preponderant levodopa related movement fluctuations. These so-called motor complications are characterized by involuntary movements as a result of an overstimulation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system or by temporary recurrence of motor symptoms, when beneficial effects of dopamine substituting drugs vane.Expert opinion: Non dopaminergic modulation of dopamine replacement is currently mostly investigated in well defined and selected patients with motor complications to get approval. Howeve...
Dispensing challenges of large format packaging and some of its possible solutions

This paper will review the challenges on dispensing liquid encapsulant on large format substrate for compression encapsulation with respect to tailing, dripping, spillage, air trap and highly viscous liquid encapsulant during dispensing. However, these challenges are not insurmountable, it can be overcome technically. The engineering solutions proposed here are applicable to package formats such as O 8” to 12” wafer (glass and/or silicon) and a quad panel ranges from SQ 300 (300 × 300mm) to SQ 340 (340 × 340mm). Our proposed technical solutions are a combination of design and processes optimization.
Real‐time lexical comprehension in young children learning American Sign Language

When children interpret spoken language in real time, linguistic information drives rapid shifts in visual attention to objects in the visual world. This language-vision interaction can provide insights into children's developing efficiency in language comprehension. But how does language influence visual attention when the linguistic signal and the visual world are both processed via the visual channel? Here, we measured eye movements during real-time comprehension of a visual-manual language, American Sign Language (ASL), by 29 native ASL-learning children (16-53 mos, 16 deaf, 13 hearing) and 16 fluent deaf adult signers. All signers showed evidence of rapid, incremental language comprehension, tending to initiate an eye movement before sign offset. Deaf and hearing ASL-learners showed similar gaze patterns, suggesting that the in-the-moment dynamics of eye movements during ASL processing are shaped by the constraints of processing a visual language in real time and not by differential access to auditory information in day-to-day life. Finally, variation in children's ASL processing was positively correlated with age and vocabulary size. Thus, despite competition for attention within a single modality, the timing and accuracy of visual fixations during ASL comprehension reflect information processing skills that are important for language acquisition regardless of language modality.
Implementation of online CM systems for power transformers in Saudi Aramco

Condition Monitoring (CM) refers to the monitoring of key parameters or indicators of equipment condition e.g., in high voltage (HV) equipment installed at power plants and utilities. In this paper, an overview of existing online CM systems at Saudi Aramco facilities is given. The details of two online condition monitors installed as pilot projects under Technology Pilot Program (TPP) for two power transformers in Saudi Arabia are given. The first system is an Online CM Transmitter for moisture, hydrogen and temperature measurements and the second is an Online Drying System to remove moisture from the oil and paper insulation of the transformer. The CM data is collected from the pilot installations and the trends are drawn for the continuous monitoring and diagnosis of the power transformers. The performance of the online CM systems and the accuracy of the CM results can be validated by comparing the measurement data with the results obtained from the oil samples analysis in the laboratory. In addition, the future implementation plan for company-wide deployment of online CM systems under TPP is given. In the future, the online CM systems will be integrated into existing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for remote monitoring applications. By implementing these online CM systems at large scale, the overall maintenance costs of the power transformers will be reduced in the future. In this way, the optimized maintenance intervals will be obtained, resulting in enhanced power system reliability, availability and extended equipment life-time in the future smart grid environment.
Researcher homepage classification using unlabeled data

A classifier that determines if a webpage is relevant to a specified set of topics comprises a key component for focused crawling. Can a classifier that is tuned to perform well on training datasets continue to filter out irrelevant pages in the face of changed content on the Web? We investigate this question in the context of researcher homepage crawling. We show experimentally that classifiers trained on existing datasets for homepage identification underperform while classifying "irrelevant" pages on current-day academic websites. As an alternative to obtaining datasets to retrain the classifier for the new content, we propose to use effectively unlimited amounts of unlabeled data readily available from these websites in a co-training scenario. To this end, we design novel URL-based features and use them in conjunction with content-based features as complementary views of the data to obtain remarkable improvements in accurately identifying homepages from the current-day university websites. In addition, we propose a novel technique for "learning a conforming pair of classifiers" using mini-batch gradient descent. Our algorithm seeks to minimize a loss (objective) function quantifying the difference in predictions from the two views afforded by co-training. We demonstrate that tuning the classifiers so that they make "similar" predictions on unlabeled data strongly corresponds to the effect achieved by co-training algorithms. We argue that this loss formulation provides insight into understanding the co-training process and can be used even in absence of a validation set.
Heat Pump with Thermal Storage

ABSTRACT Inverter-aided heat pump room air conditioners have been widely used in Japan for residential air conditioning applications. Due to the characteristics of the inverter, cycle performance has been fundamentally improved. However, there still remain several problems to be solved. The first is the discomfort occurred by the interruption of heating during the defrosting operation. The second is the long start-up periods in the initial heating operation. Solving these problems, we have successfully developed a heat pump with thermal storage which hardly reduces the heating capacity during the defrosting operation. A rotary compressor with thermal storage function has been newly developed having phase change thermal storage material and heat exchanger around the outside of the compressor dome. The configuration of this compressor results in the effective utilization of the waste heat from the compressor dome.
Evidence for Non-Random Fertilization in the Common Zucchini, Cucurbita pepo

Over the last 15 years, several studies have shown that the progeny produced under conditions of intense pollen tube competition are more vigorous than progeny produced under conditions of little or no pollen tube competition (see review by Mulcahy and Mulcahy 1987). Recent studies from our lab have shown that zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbitaceae) seeds resulting from large pollen loads (intense pollen competition) germinate more rapidly, exhibit greater growth as seedlings and have greater reproductive output as adult plants than seeds resulting from low pollen loads (Stephenson et al. 1986; Davis et al. 1987; Winsor et al. 1987).
Questioning the Name Game: An Event Study Analysis of Stadium Naming Rights Sponsorship Announcements

Stadium naming rights programs have proliferated over the past decade, yet we have no direct evidence that these types of sponsorship programs help companies develop their long-term brand equity or even provide a short-term boost to corporate value. This paper examines the impact that naming rights programs have had on the stock values of the corporate sponsors. Using event study analysis, it is found that there are mixed responses to these types of programs. A discussion is provided which helps to explain the mixed results and provides communications mangers with some suggestions on creating more effective naming rights programs.
Design Thinking Pain Management: Tools to Improve Human-Centered Communication Between Patients and Providers

This research explores the role of design thinking to improve pain management for patients and providers. Specifically, using a design thinking approach, we aimed to transform pain management from a unidimensional construct measured on traditional pain scales to a social transaction between patients and caregivers, through recognizing the behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental aspects of pain. To do so, we conducted a two-phase study which involved first developing a pain assessment intervention in the form of a novel Android-based pain management application. The novel application was prototyped and developed with a multidisciplinary team. This application was then tested with 10 post-operative patients and 10 registered nurses at Stanford Health Care. Our initial findings demonstrate that patients and nurses were able to communicate pain needs through the use of the novel application. Future studies will assess the concomitant changes in care delivery.
Pembrolizumab for recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer: equally promising for Asian patients?

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, with more than half a million new cases every year (1). Over half of these originate from the Asia Pacific region, where HNSCC accounts for a much greater proportion of newly diagnosed cancers (2). While the annual incidence of HNSCC in North America and Europe ranges from 5–10% of new cancer cases, this figure may be as high as 37.5% in some areas of Asia (3).
Organization and regulation of cyanobacterial nif gene clusters: implications for nitrogenase expression in plant cells

For over 50 years scientists have considered the possibility of engineering a plant with nitrogen fixation capability, freeing farmers from their dependence on nitrogen fertilizers. With the development of the tools of synthetic biology, more progress has been made toward this goal in the last 5 years than in the previous five decades. Most of the effort has focused on nitrogenase genes from Klebsiella oxytoca, which has complex gene regulation. There may be advantages in using nitrogenase genes from cyanobacteria, which comprise large polycistronic gene clusters that may be easier to manipulate and eventually express in a plant. The fact that some diatoms have a cyanobacterial nitrogen fixing organelle further supports the idea that a cyanobacterial nitrogenase gene cluster may function in a newly-engineered, cyanobacterial-based plant organelle, a nitroplast. This review describes recent attempts to express the nif genes from Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, Leptolyngbya boryana dg5 and Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 in heterologous cyanobacteria in the context of the organization of the nitrogenase genes and their regulation by the transcription factor CnfR via its highly conserved binding sites.
Finite Element Model of Pavement Response Under Load Considering Cross-Anisotropy in Unbound Layers

The effects of cross-anisotropy of unbound layer materials on the stress-strain response of a pavement under 18 kip truck load are determined at three temperatures employing a dynamic finite element model (FEM) in ABAQUS. Viscoelastic behavior of asphalt materials are characterized by Prony series coefficients estimated from a laboratory dynamic modulus test. Nonlinear elastic behavior of base material is incorporated in ABAQUS through a User Defined Material (UMAT) subroutine. Sub-base and subgrade materials are modeled as linear elastic material using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) back-calculated moduli and Poisson's ratio. Cross-anisotropy is introduced in the FEM model by changing the ratio of horizontal to vertical stiffness (n-value) of unbound layers, namely base, sub-base, and subgrade layers of an instrumented pavement. The FEM model is validated using field collected stress-strain responses under FWD loading from the instrumented pavement section at mile post 141 (MP 141) on Interstate 40 (I-40) near Albuquerque, NM. It is observed that the tensile strain, transverse to the traffic direction, at the bottom of the asphalt concrete (AC) layer is significantly influenced by the cross-anisotropy of unbound layers. The vertical strain in the AC layer is barely affected by the cross-anisotropy. However, vertical strains in the unbound layers are significantly affected by cross-anisotropy. Therefore, it can be postulated that fatigue damage that is caused by tensile strain at the bottom of the AC layer, and unbound layer rutting that is caused by vertical strain, should be evaluated for unbound layer cross-anisotropy in the design and evaluation of pavements. Overall, strain responses due to cross-anisotropy are highly sensitive to temperature.
When Words Fail: On the Power of Language in Human Experience

Beyond the ordinariness of experience in daily life there are times when we encounter an experience for which words seem inadequate to express and communicate the experience. The focus of my remarks for the first paper will explore this situation of the potential limits of language for understanding experience. The question of these limits depends on an analysis of just what takes place in experience and (the hermeneutic experience of) language. Drawing on Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutic theory for an answer to the question, I will show just how experience and language are interrelated, and, as a result, I will show how the dynamic of language formation expands to accommodate what appears to be inaccessible and inexpressible, while allowing experience to sustain its own richness.
Production of dasatinib encapsulated spray-dried poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles

Abstract Fibrotic scarring of the retina, termed proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), can cause permanent visual impairment and blindness following corrective surgery for retinal detachment and/or ocular trauma. We have previously shown that multiple intravitreal injections of dasatinib prevent PVR in an animal model. The aim of this research was to develop injectable sustained release systems for dasatinib, which would be preferred for clinical use over multiple ocular injections. To accomplish this, dasatinib was encapsulated in Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA] particles via a benchtop spray-drying process. Spray drying parameters were optimized using a taguchi statistical approach to obtain particle size between 0.5 and 1.5 μm. Characterization of two different sets of particles, sub-micron and >1.0 μm in average diameter, respectively, showed that dasatinib release from sub-micron particles lasts 15 days while release from particles with diameters >1.0 μm lasts up to 55 days. Zeta potential measurement of aqueous buffer suspended particles suggests sub-micron particles to be more stable in aqueous environment compared to >1.0 μm particles. Dasatinib released from these particles maintained therapeutic efficacy, as dasatinib incorporated PLGA particles significantly inhibited the contraction of collagen matrices compared to PLGA (control) particles when tested on an in vitro scar contraction assay.
Effect of Hospital Readmission Reduction Program on Hospital Readmissions and Mortality Rates

RATIONALE Although the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) has reduced the 30-day readmission rates for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across hospitals, the effect of HRRP on hospital mortality remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the association between hospital readmissions and mortality rates for patients discharged with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). METHOD The all-cause hospital-specific 30-day risk-standardized mortality rate (RSMR) and the 30-day risk-standardized readmission rate (RSRR) for patients with COPD from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from the Hospital Compare website. Hospital service area (HSA) information was obtained from the Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare. The longitudinal relationship between the mortality and readmission rates of a hospital was assessed using mixed linear models. RESULTS Of the 3,685 hospitals analyzed, the unadjusted mean RSMRs increased from 7.8% to 8.4% during the study period at a yearly rate of 0.13 (95% CI = 0.12 to 0.14; P < .001), whereas the mean RSRRs declined from 20.7% to 19.6%. When examined according to the baseline readmission rate and interaction with time, each 1% higher-than-baseline readmission rate was associated with a smaller increase in mortality rate by 0.015% (95% CI = -0.02 to -0.01; P < .0001). Inclusion of change in readmissions in the model showed that each 1% decrease in readmission rate was associated with 0.04% (95% CI = -0.01 to -0.06; P = .008) increase in mortality. CONCLUSION This hospital-level analysis of AECOPD showed that although the 30-day all-cause readmission rates declined, the mortality rates increased. Hospitals with lower readmission rates had higher mortality rates over time.
Phyllodes tumour of the labia minora.

A 33-year-old woman presented for a preoperative examination prior to an upcoming operative hysteroscopy. During the examination, a firm 1 cm mass in her right labia minora was noted. The mass was excised in the operating room without difficulty. Pathological examination revealed a benign phyllodes tumour of the vulva. Phyllodes tumours are uncommon fibroepithelial tumours primarily found in the breast although rarely may present as a vulvar lesion. Phyllodes tumours of the vulva are rarely reported in the literature, with only 17 previously reported cases. This case represents the first reported case of a phyllodes tumour occurring in the labia minora. While most of these tumours are benign, it is important to keep these and other rare tumours in the differential diagnosis of vulvar masses. Even with benign tumours, continued surveillance for recurrence should be performed.
Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in clinically diseased or injured Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina), yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta), and river cooters (Pseudemys concinna).

Enrofloxacin is frequently administered to turtles in wildlife clinics during rehabilitation due to its wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and availability of injectable formulations. However, sufficient pharmacokinetic data to guide dosing are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in chelonians presenting injured to a wildlife clinic. Thirty-six Eastern box turtles (EBT, Terrapene carolina carolina), 23 yellow-bellied sliders (YBS, Trachemys scripta scripta), and 13 river cooters (RC, Pseudemys concinna) received a single subcutaneous injection of enrofloxacin at 10 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected between 0 and 240 hr postinjection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NMLE). Overall elimination half-life (T½) was over 75 hr, and varied among species. T½ was 63 hr in EBT and 79 hr in YBS, which is longer than in previous reports. The volume of distribution (steady-state) was 1.4 L/kg across turtle species, but highly variable-ranging from 0.4 L/kg in RC to 1.9 L/kg in YBS. Antibiotic concentrations were above a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.5 µg/ml for over 200 hr. These results indicate variable pharmacokinetic parameters for enrofloxacin among turtle species, which will help guide appropriate dosing protocols in injured turtles.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Other Sleep Characteristics, and Risk of CKD in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Sleep Heart Health Study

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea may be associated with development of CKD through hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Individuals with this sleep disorder are also at increased risk for established CKD risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We examined the association between obstructive sleep apnea, other sleep characteristics, and risk of incident CKD (stage 3 or higher) in 1525 participants (mean age, 62.5 years; 52.4% women) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who completed in-home polysomnography assessments. We used the apnea-hypopnea index (events per hour) to define obstructive sleep apnea severity (normal, <5.0; mild, 5.0-14.9; moderate, 15.0-29.9; and severe, ≥30.0) and defined incident CKD (stage 3 or higher) as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ≥25% decline from baseline, CKD-related hospitalization or death, or ESKD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate obstructive sleep apnea severity with risk of incident CKD, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiometabolic conditions. RESULTS During 19 years (median) of follow-up, 461 CKD events occurred. After adjustment for demographics and lifestyle behaviors, severe obstructive sleep apnea associated with increased risk of CKD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.08 to 2.10), which was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.52). No other sleep characteristics associated with incident CKD. CONCLUSIONS We found a link between obstructive sleep apnea and an elevated risk of stage 3 CKD or higher, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for obesity, a risk factor for both conditions. Given the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and CKD among adults, further investigation is warranted.
Socioeconomics of Obesity.

The purpose of this review is to evaluate and emphasize important findings in the recent literature regarding the socioeconomics of obesity. It is important to evaluate trends of this global epidemic and elucidate its impact on different demographic groups and across socioeconomic strata. Obesity rates continue to increase domestically and globally which is associated with a concomitant rise in medical and economic costs. There are disparities in obesity rates based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender and sexual identity, and socioeconomic status, yet these disparities are not explained fully by health behaviors, socioeconomic position, or cumulative stress alone—community and societal environmental factors have a significant role in the obesity epidemic. Socioeconomic factors contribute to obesity on an individual and community level, and any viable approach to sustainably addressing the obesity epidemic must take these factors into account.
The long-term impact of peripheral cannulation for redo cardiac surgery.

Background Redo cardiac surgery carries an inherent risk for adverse short-term outcomes and worse long-term survival. Strategies to mitigate these risks have been numerous, including initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass via peripheral cannulation before resternotomy. This study evaluated the impact of central versus peripheral cannulation on long-term survival after redo cardiac surgery. Methods This was an observational study of open cardiac surgeries between 2010 and 2018. Patients undergoing open cardiac surgery that utilized cardiopulmonary bypass, who also had more than equal to 1 prior cardiac surgery, were identified. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the impact of peripheral cannulation on survival. To isolate long-term survival, patients with operative mortality were excluded and survival time was counted from the date of discharge until the date of death. Results Of the 1660 patients with more than equal to 1 prior cardiac surgery, 91 (5.5%) received peripheral cannulation. After excluding patients with operative mortality and after multivariable risk-adjustment, the peripheral cannulation group had significantly increased hazard of death, as compared to the central cannulation group (HR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.30, P = .044). Yet, there were no relevant differences for other postoperative outcomes, including blood product requirement, prolonged ventilation (>24 hours), pneumonia, reoperation for bleeding, stroke, sepsis, and new dialysis requirement. Conclusions This is the first study reporting the long-term impact of peripheral cannulation for redo cardiac surgery after excluding patients with operative mortality. These data suggest that central cannulation may to be the preferred approach to redo cardiac surgery whenever safe and possible.
Prognostic value of Goldberger's electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular dysfunction

Abstract Background The ability of the Goldberger electrocardiographic (ECG) triad criteria to detect left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) is well-established. However, the prognostic significance of this triad as a predictor of poor outcomes is not known. Objective We explored the association between the Goldberger ECG-LVD triad with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. Methods This analysis included 8426 participants (60.5 ± 13.6 years, 51.5% women, 50% non-Hispanic white) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Goldberger ECG-LVD triad was defined as follows: high precordial QRS voltage (SV1 or SV2 + RV5 or RV6 ≥ 3500 μV); low limb lead QRS voltage (mean QRS amplitude in each of the limb leads ≤800 μV); and poor R wave progression (RV4/SV4 Results At baseline, 1384 (47.3%) of the participants had at least one of the criteria of Goldberger triad (1193 had only one and 191 participants had 2 or more). During a median follow up of 13.8 years, 3184 deaths occurred, of which 1405 were cardiovascular. In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, presence of at least one of the Goldberger triad criteria (vs. none) was associated with increased risk of all-cause (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.26, p ≤0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (1.19, 1.06–1.33, p = 0.003). Conclusion The Goldberger ECG-LVD triad for left ventricular dysfunction may offer prognostic value in addition to its reported diagnostic utility.
Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes gestroi (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)) Colony Elimination Through Exposure to a Novaluron CSI Bait Formulation in Laboratory

The development of baits for subterranean termite control over the past 25 yr has provided cost-effective alternatives to liquid termiticide treatments. Current bait products use one of the few available benzoylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) labeled for subterranean termites. These insecticides are used because of their nonrepellency, their slow-acting mode of action, and their dose-independent lethal time. Although many studies have provided ample evidence of the efficacy of CSI baits for subterranean termite colony elimination, most have focused on hexaflumuron and noviflumuron. However, bait products using alternative CSIs have not received the same level of scrutiny, limiting the amount of evidence proving their efficacy. One such compound is novaluron, the active ingredient currently used in the Trelona ATBS—Advance Termite Baiting System bait product. The current study independently tested the efficacy of this commercially available bait formulation against whole colonies of Coptotermes gestroi (Wamann) (∼63,910 workers) in the laboratory, using an extended experimental setup to simulate a 15-m foraging distance from the central part of the nest to the bait, while having access to alternative food sources. Treated colonies progressively ceased to feed on wood items within 45 d after being provided access to the novaluron bait formulation, with a subsequent progressive collapse of the population, leading to colony elimination by 91 d. This study therefore confirms the efficacy of novaluron baits against subterranean termites, and currently remains one of the few CSIs that can be applied for the successful control of Coptotermes infestations.
The Wall Street Journal: University Membership

With around three million total global subscribers (News Corporation, 2020, p. 49), The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), published by Dow Jones & Company, Inc., is a leading business newspaper and has lo...
Language Brokering-Stress Transition Profiles and Marijuana Use in Mexican-Origin Adolescents.

Although Mexican-origin adolescents experience multiple contextual stressors (e.g., discrimination, economic stress, and foreigner stress) that may result in increased marijuana use, they actively engage in cultural practices (e.g., language brokering) that may protect them from adverse developmental outcomes. Yet, the joint influence of contextual stressors and language brokering on marijuana use has rarely been studied from a developmental perspective. Using a sample of 604 Mexican-origin adolescent brokers (54% female, Mage.Wave1 = 12.41), we examined how stability and change of language brokering-contextual stress (i.e., broker-stress) profiles across three waves are related to adolescent marijuana use. We hypothesized that adolescents with positive brokering experiences and lower contextual stress across three waves (i.e., those in the Stable Protective profile) would be the least likely to use marijuana. For brokering for mothers, the Stable Protective and the Change to Protective groups were less likely than other groups to use marijuana. For brokering for fathers, the Stable Protective group was the least likely to use marijuana and the Change to Protective group was less likely than the Risk at Any Wave group to use marijuana. Interventions could foster brokering-related positive feelings across the course of adolescence to reduce marijuana use among Mexican-origin adolescents.
Partitioning of Trace Organics in Sediments

Extensive research has been directed toward the fate of particular pesticides in specific soils and sediments. Typically, extensive testing for each pesticide-soil or pesticide sediment combination is required to determine the fate of a particular pesticide due to the complexity of soils and sediments. The approach of this research was to conceptually model sediments as a combination of several distinct chemical phases and to develop pesticide adsorption relationships for each phase. Which such relationships, adsorption for the sediment can be predicted from the measured concentration of each phase.
Sodium transfer in bullfrog small intestine. Stimulation by exogenous ATP.

Abstract 1. 1. ATP (5 mM) added to the mucosal medium causes sustained increases in potential difference (PD) and short circuit current ( I se ) across sheets of isolated bullfrog small intestine mounted between identical Na2SO4 Ringer solutions at pH 7.2. Serosal ATP has no effect. The ATP response can be evoked in the presence of dinitrophenol or under N2, is obtained during virtually maximal stimulation of PD and I se by mucosal d -glucose, d -galactose or l -valine, is not inhibited by mucosal phlorizin, but is inhibited by serosal ouabain. 2. 2. The ATP response is relatively specific. Related phosphorylated compounds either did not change PD and I se or elicited weak, transient increases in the parameters. 5′-AMP produced apparent changes in PD and I se which were not obviously related to the ATP effect. Mucosal ADP strongly inhibited the stimulatory effect of mucosal ATP on PD and I se . 3. 3. Radioisotope studies indicated that the stimulatory effect of mucosal ATP is due to an increased mucosal to serosal flux of Na+, serosal to mucosal Na+ flux remaining essentially unchanged. 4. 4. It is suggested that the stimulatory effect of mucosal ATP on PD and I se involves a direct interaction of this compound with a component of the active Na+-transfer system (possibly a ouabain sensitive ATP-ase) and that mucosal ATP can gain access to the interior of the epithelial cells either by simple diffusion or mediated transfer across the mucosal membrane.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 and human DNA polymerase interactions with 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate analogues. Kinetics of incorporation into DNA and induction of inhibition.

The ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase, HeLa polymerase α, and HeLa polymerase β to utilize several dGTP analogues has been investigated using a defined synthetic template primer. The relative efficiencies of the triphosphates of 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir triphosphate, ACVTP), 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] guanine (ganciclovir triphosphate, DHPGTP), and 2′,3′-dideoxyguanosine (ddGTP) as substrates for the three polymerases were: HSV-1 polymerase, dGTP ≫ ACVTP ≅ DHPGTP ≫ ddGTP; polymerase α, dGTP ≫ ACVTP ≅ DHPGTP ≫ ddGTP; polymerase β, ddGTP ≫ dGTP ≫ ACVTP ≅ DHPGTP. The potent inhibition of HSV-1 polymerase by ACVTP has been shown previously to be due to the formation of a dead-end complex upon binding of the next 2′-deoxynucleoside 5′-triphosphate encoded by the template after incorporation of acyclovir monophosphate into the 3′ end of the primer (Reardon, J. E., and Spector, T. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7405–7411). This mechanism was shown here to be a general mechanism for inhibition of polymerases by the obligate chain terminators, ACVTP and ddGTP. The ACVTP-induced inhibition was 30-fold more potent with HSV-1 polymerase than with polymerase α. This difference may contribute to the antiviral selectivity of this nucleotide analogue. The effect of ganciclovir monophosphate incorporation (a nonobligate chain terminator) on subsequent primer extension was also evaluated. With HSV-1 polymerase and polymerase α, although there was a considerable reduction in the efficiency of utilization of the 3′-DHPGMP-terminal primer, contrasting kinetic behavior was observed. With HSV-1 polymerase, insertion of DHPGTP resulted in a significant reduction in Vmax for subsequent nucleotide incorporations. In contrast, with polymerase α, a relatively small decrease in Vmax was accompanied by increased Km values for subsequent nucleotide incorporations.
Research Report: What Californians Understand About Privacy Offline

Many online privacy problems are rooted in the offline world, where businesses are free to sell consumers' personal information unless they voluntarily agree not to or where a specific law prohibits the practice. In order to gauge Californians' understanding of business practices with respect to the selling of customer data, we asked a representative sample of Californians about the default rules for protecting personal information in nine contexts. In six of those contexts (pizza delivery, donations to charities, product warranties, product rebates, phone numbers collected at the register, and catalog sales), a majority either didn't know or falsely believed that opt-in rules protected their personal information from being sold to others. In one context - grocery store club cards - a majority did not know or thought information could be sold when California law prohibited the sale. Only in two contexts - newspaper and magazine subscriptions and sweepstakes competitions - did our sample of Californians understand that personal information collected by a company could be sold to others. Respondents who shopped online were less likely to say that they didn't know the answer to the nine questions asked than those who never shopped online. In about half of the cases, those who shopped online answered correctly more often than those who do not shop online. Professor Alan Westin has pioneered a popular "segmentation" to describe Americans as fitting into one of three subgroups concerning privacy: privacy "fundamentalists" (high concern for privacy), "pragmatists" (mid-level concern), and the "unconcerned" (low or no privacy concern). When compared with these segments, Californians are more likely to be privacy pragmatists or fundamentalists, and less likely to be unconcerned about privacy. Fundamentalists were much more likely to be correct in their views of privacy rules. In light of this finding, we question Westin's conclusion that privacy pragmatists are well served by self-regulatory and opt-out approaches, as we found this subgroup of consumers is likely to misunderstand default rules in the marketplace.
Fragmentation of Isothermal and Nonisothermal Protostellar Clouds

A large number of fully three dimensional (3D) calculations of the collapse of low mass protostellar clouds, performed with both finite difference and smoothed particle hydrodynamics codes, have shown that isothermal protostellar clouds usually fragment during collapse into binary or higher order protostellar systems. This dynamical fragmentation requires, however, starting the collapse phase from an initial cloud that is less centrally condensed than ρ i ∝ r −1 and that has appreciable specific angular momentum (J/M > 2 × 1020 cm2 s−1). 3D calculations of fragmentation in the nonisothermal regime (ρ > 10−13 g cm−3 of low mass protostellar collapse have shown that while fragmentation can still occur under certain conditions, the nonisothermal regime generally marks the beginning of the cessation of fragmentation. This occurs because rising temperatures result in increased ratios of thermal to gravitational energy, stifling thermally driven fragmentation. The minimum protostellar mass formed by the collapse and fragmentation of Population I clouds appears to be ~ 0.01 M ⊙. Increased thermal support leads to the formation of rotationally flattened, triaxial, quasi-equilibrium protostellar cores that are the 3D analogues of the 1D cores found by Larson (1969). Protostellar cores may be either relatively large, outer cores, supported by molecular hydrogen, or relatively small, inner cores, supported by atomic and ionized hydrogen. Rotationally-driven fragmentation also appears to be stifled in these quasi-equilibrium cores, because angular momentum transport by spiral structure leads to orbital decay of any nascent binary structure, as found in calculations of the dynamic fission instability in rapidly rotating polytropes.
eBooks on EBSCOhost: A Review

eBooks on EBSCOhost is a platform for the search and display of full text electronic books. Content is from a variety of disciplines and publishers. With the platform's flexibility in interface, search features, customization options, and acquisition models, it may be tailored to suit many a wide variety of institutions and their users' needs. Of particular appeal to health sciences libraries are the options to acquire health sciences subject sets and packages such as Doody's Core Titles and CINAHL Core eBooks.
Cone properties of retinal margin cells in the monkey (Macaca mulatta).

PURPOSE. To characterize a cell population in the monkey retinal margin that was labeled with a cone-specific antibody and to determine the presence of additional markers. METHODS. Retinal whole-mount preparations from infant and adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were immunolabeled by incubation overnight with the primary antibodies 7G6, a cone-specific antibody; SV2, a synaptic-vesicle antibody; and opsin antibodies that recognize either the short or long/middle wavelength‐sensitive opsins. RESULTS. The retinal margin cells labeled by 7G6 lay within 1 mm of the ora serrata and differed from 7G6-labeled cones in the central retina. The margin cells possessed a soma, a fiber process, and a terminal enlargement that lay in the plane of the retina; no outer segment was discernible. A total of 5400 and 7252 margin cones cells were found in each of two monkeys. The terminal enlargement and soma of the labeled margin cells also showed SV2 immunoreactivity. Surprisingly, opsin immunoreactivity extended throughout the margin cell, which is consistent with the absence of a discernible outer segment. CONCLUSIONS. Cells with immunoreactive cone properties were found in the margin of the monkey retina. The absence of an outer segment and the presence of somatic opsin and SV2 are reminiscent of features observed in the central cones of fetal monkey retinas. These results suggest that a subpopulation of cones in the retinal margin might fail to mature completely and thus retain juvenile characteristics into adulthood. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:2019 ‐2022)
Substance Abuse Journal: New Beginnings

I grew up believing that editors-in-chief were grizzly, old, gray-haired men who chain-smoked, sat in lofty offices, and had staff writers, cartoonists, and secretaries at their beck and call. Edit...