cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the demographic vulnerabilities of dry woodlands to climate and competition using range-wide monitoring data

Abstract Climate change is expected to alter the distribution and abundance of tree species, impacting ecosystem structure and function. Yet, anticipating where this will occur is often hampered by a lack of understanding of how demographic rates, most notably recruitment, vary in response to climate and competition across a species range. Using large-scale monitoring data on two dry woodland tree species (Pinus edulis and Juniperus osteosperma), we develop an approach to infer recruitment, survival, and growth of both species across their range. In doing so, we account for ecological and statistical dependencies inherent in large-scale monitoring data. We find that warming and drying conditions generally lead to declines in recruitment and survival, but there were some idiosyncrasy in the strength of responses across species. Climate conditions lead to vulnerable regions, such as Pinus edulis in N. Arizona, where both survival and recruitment are low. Our approach provides a path forward for leveraging emerging large-scale monitoring and remotely sensed data to anticipate the impacts of global change on species distributions.
What Role Do Acquisitions Play in Asian Firms' Global Strategies? Evidence from the Medical Sector, 1978-1995

This study compares the use of acquisitions by Asian, European, and North American firms operating in the U.S. medical sector between 1978 and 1995. We examine the incidence of acquisitions, the relative emphasis that acquirers place on resource deepening and resource extension, and the post-acquisition retention of acquired resources. We find substantial similarity in the asset-seeking role of acquisitions for medical sector firms from different continents, coupled with intriguing differences concerning what we refer to as asset keeping. The results suggest that there are many common causal factors that underlie the strategies of firms from different regions, but that some regional differences remain.
Abstract IA-15: Metabolic networks in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment

Pancreatic tumors are dynamic pseudo-organs that contain numerous cell types interacting to create unique physiology. A typical pancreatic tumor is made up largely of stromal fibroblasts and immune cell populations, rather than cancer cells. These non-malignant cells act collaboratively to create a dense fibrotic matrix that blocks cancer cells from accessing nutrients and oxygen by inhibiting vascularization. The cancer cells are thus in a state of near-starvation and must employ unorthodox methods to obtain nutrients to support their bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs. Our group has provided foundational work describing the cell autonomous reprogramming of metabolic processes in the cancer cells to facilitate survival and growth under these challenging circumstances. Beyond cell intrinsic metabolic alterations, pancreatic cancer cells also work cooperatively with non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment through the exchange of growth factors, signaling molecules and metabolites. In this seminar, I will describe new work illuminating pathways of metabolic crosstalk among pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor associated macrophages, and malignant pancreatic cancer cells in maintenance of tumor growth, survival and therapeutic resistance. Citation Format: Costas A. Lyssiotis. Metabolic networks in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-15.
Outcomes of tricuspid valve surgery in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation.

OBJECTIVES Functional tricuspid regurgitation (fTR) has been amenable to tricuspid valve repair (TVr), with fewer patients needing tricuspid valve replacement (TVR). We sought to review our experience of tricuspid valve surgery for fTR. METHODS A retrospective analysis of adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent primary tricuspid valve surgery for fTR (n = 926; mean age 68.6 ± 12.5 years; 67% females) from January 1993 through June 2018 was conducted. There were 767 (83%) patients who underwent TVr (ring annuloplasty, 67%; purse-string annuloplasty, 33%) and 159 (17%) underwent TVR (bioprosthetic valves, 87%; mechanical valves, 13%). The median follow-up was 8.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.2-8.9 years]. RESULTS A greater proportion of patients who underwent TVR had severe right ventricular dysfunction (P < 0.001), severe tricuspid regurgitation (P < 0.001) and congestive heart failure (P = 0.001) while the TVr cohort had a greater proportion with severe mitral valve (MV) regurgitation (P < 0.001) and concomitant cardiac procedures. Early mortality (TVR, 9% vs TVr, 3%; P = 0.004), renal failure (TVR, 10% vs TVr, 5%; P = 0.014) and hospital stay (TVR, 15 ± 15 days vs TVr, 12 ± 11 days; P < 0.001) were greater in TVR patients. The TVR cohort had worse survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.57; 95% CI 1.23-1.99]. Multivariable analysis identified congestive heart failure (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.10-1.72), renal failure (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.14-2.82), previous MV surgery (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.05-1.72) and TVR (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03-1.79) as independent risk factors for late mortality. CONCLUSIONS Tricuspid repair for fTR appears to have better early and late outcomes. Since previous MV surgery and TVR are identified as independent risk factors for late mortality, concomitant TVr at the time of index MV surgery may be considered. Early referral before the onset of advanced heart failure may improve outcomes.
A Semi-Analytic, Numerically Efficient Model for Low-Frequency Sound Scattering by an Infinite Cylinder Located Near a Boundary

Scattering of sound by a target can be described as a wave radiated by virtual point sources inside the target. In the Rayleigh scattering regime, the strength of the virtual sources can be calcula...
Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Adverse Behaviors and Comorbidity.

Abstract Purpose and Objective There is growing evidence that adolescents with ADHD develop long-term impairments and adverse outcomes, yet less is known about their adverse behaviors. To quantify rates of mental health comorbidities in adolescents with ADHD and compare the risks of adverse behaviors among adolescents with and without ADHD. Methods We performed a cohort analysis of 6,483 youth from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), a nationally representative in-person structured diagnostic interview of adolescents aged 14–18 years focusing on mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Main Outcomes: (1) Percentages with comorbid anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior, and substance use disorders. (2) Strength of associations of ADHD with several adverse behaviors, including suicidal symptoms, aggression, behavior regulation, life events, education, and substance use. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, sex, and race. Results Among the sample of 6,483 adolescents, overall, 9.5% met the criteria for ADHD. Most (69.5%) of adolescents with ADHD had at least one comorbid mental health condition. As compared to adolescents without ADHD, those with ADHD were significantly more likely to have had a suicide attempt (aOR 2.9, 95% CI = 1.3–6.6) and to have had perpetrated physical aggression (aOR 2.3, 95% CI = 1.7–3.2). Adolescents with ADHD were also more likely to have been expelled from school or fired from a job (aOR 3.3, 95% CI = 1.7–6.5) and to have had problems related to drinking alcohol (95% CI = 1.2–2.9). Conclusions ADHD in adolescents is a complicated disorder with elevated risks for a wide range of adverse behaviors.
Implementing cognitive apprenticeship theory into the design of a doctor of pharmacy course.

Abstract Background and purpose Cognitive apprenticeship theory is a model instructors can use to develop expert thinking in a classroom setting. Cognitive apprenticeship theory has been discussed in the literature; however, descriptions of its application in the classroom setting are lacking. We describe how cognitive apprenticeship guided the development and implementation of a new critical care course with a goal of making expert thinking “visible” to students. Educational activity and setting A four-credit-hour course implemented in the 2018–2019 academic year was developed around the dimensions of cognitive apprenticeship. Clinical pharmacists with the affiliated healthcare system contributed to the design and implementation. Elements of the course in which cognitive apprenticeship theory guided the design included pre-class work, in-class group work, and an attending-facilitated discussion session. Findings All four dimensions of cognitive apprenticeship were incorporated throughout the course. The course coordinator perceived that student questions and the quality of the discussion were higher level than in previous years. Summary Cognitive apprenticeship theory can be used to design and implement a professional doctor of pharmacy course that prepares students for the types of thinking required in practice. We believe this model could be successfully implemented at other schools of pharmacy.
The Dual Meanings of Artifacts: Public Culture, Food, and Government in the “What’s Cooking, Uncle Sam?” Exhibition

In 2011, “What’s Cooking, Uncle Sam? The Government’s Effect on the American Diet” (WCUS) was exhibited at the Lawrence F. O’Brien Gallery of the National Archives Building in Washington, DC. After...
Growing a glue factory: Open questions in laticifer development.

Abstract Latex-containing cells called laticifers are present in at least 41 flowering plant families and are thought to have convergently evolved at least 12 times. These cells are known to function in defense, but little is known about the molecular genetic mechanisms of their development. The expansion of laticifers into their distinctive tube shape can occur through two distinct mechanisms, cell fusion and intrusive growth. The mechanism and extent of intrusive laticifer growth are still being investigated. Hormonal regulation by jasmonic acid and ethylene is important for both laticifer differentiation and latex biosynthesis. Current evidence suggests that laticifers can be specified independently of latex production, but extensive latex production requires specified laticifers. Laticifers are an emerging system for studying the intersection of cell identity specification and specialized metabolism.
Online Dispute Resolution under COVID-19: The Practice of Major Arbitral Institutions in China (preprint)

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic imposes severe impacts on people’s economic, cultural and social life. In light of dispute resolution, the requirement for social distancing challenges the traditional form of dispute settlement, whereas promotes the implementation of ODR. As a vital component of ODR, online arbitration has been evolving rapidly in China and the rest of the world. The major Chinese arbitration institutions, CIETAC, BAC, SCIA and CMAC, act proactively in response to the challenges arise from COVID-19. Examining the practice of the major Chinese arbitral institutions in accordance with online arbitration rules or provisional guidelines during COVID-19, there are both experiences already gained and lessons to be learned. On one hand, the major arbitral institutions in China obtained experiences through their practice in terms of online case filing, online exchanges of case documents, virtual hearing, partial award, etc.; on the other hand, however, they are also faced with the legal barriers with relevance to the legitimacy of virtual hearing and confidentiality of online arbitration. Compared with the jurisdictions beyond Mainland China with regard to their experiences in online arbitration during or prior to COVID-19, Chinese Arbitration Law is supposed to recognize the legitimacy of virtual hearing and assign less weight to the parties’ consent in the arbitral institution’s determination concerning virtual hearing; and the Chinese arbitral institutions are required to provide more protections related to confidentiality through measures for identity verification and information security.
Tumor in the Foot

Tumors occurring in the dorsal aspect of the foot preclude the possibility of limb-preserving resection unless they are small, located superficially, and do not extend into the surface of the bone. Conservative surgery is combined with neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, or both, preoperative radiation or adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy. Tumors occurring in the plantar surface of the foot are more common, however, probably because of the larger amount of tissue available for the development of such tumors in the plantar surface compared with the dorsal aspect. In the sole of the foot, the superficial muscle layer consists of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi. These muscles can be removed without any obvious functional difficulty for the patient.
Optical Fiber, Cable, and Connectors

Light is described as a vectorial electromagnetic wave. In context to optical fibers, which are widely used for data and telecommunication, it is sufficient to use a scalar wave approximation to describe light propagation in single-mode fibers and ray approximation for light propagation in multimode (MM) fibers. To be relevant, in single-mode fiber, it is noted that in an infinitely large isotropic and homogeneous medium, a light wave can propagate as a plane wave and the phase constant for the plane wave can take on any value, limited only by the available frequencies of the light itself. However, when light is confined to a specific region in space, boundary conditions imposed on the light will restrict the phase constant to a limited set of values. Each possible phase constant represents a mode. Thus, it is observed that when light is confined, it can propagate only in a limited number of ways. A graded refractive index core is used for a multimode fiber. The different ray paths possible in a MM fiber can be calculated using a geometrical optics approach. The optical fiber material is primarily chosen to provide minimum attenuation. For data and telecommunication fibers, fused silica glass is generally the preferred material.
Substring Alignment Using Suffix Trees

Alignment of the sentences of an original text and a translation is considerably better understood than alignment of smaller units such as words and phrases. This paper makes some preliminary proposals for solving the problem of aligning substrings that should be treated as basic translation unites even though they may not begin and end at word boundaries. The proposals make crucial use of suffix trees as a way of identifying repeated substrings of the texts that occur significantly often.
Semantic conditions for correctness at different isolation levels

Many transaction processing applications execute at isolation levels lower than serializable in order to increase throughput and reduce response time. The problem is that non-serializable schedules are not guaranteed to be correct for all applications. The semantics of a particular application determines whether that application will run correctly at a lower isolation level, and in practice it appears that many applications do. Unfortunately, we know of an analysis technique that has been developed to test an application for its correctness at a particular level. Apparently decisions of this nature are made on an informal basis. In this paper we describe such a technique in a formal way. We use a new definition of correctness, semantic correctness, which is weaker than serializability, to investigate the correctness of such executions. For each isolation level, we prove a condition under which transactions that execute at that level will be semantically correct. In addition to the ANSI/ISO isolation levels of read uncommitted, read committed, and repeatable read, we also prove a condition for correct execution at the read committed with first-committer-wins (a variation of read committed) and at the snapshot isolation level. We assume that different transactions can be executing at different isolation levels, but that each transaction is executing at least at the read uncommitted level.
CREDENTIALS AND CAPACITIES: Employers' Perceptions of The Aquisition of Skills

The “new structuralism” in stratification research has made important contributions to our understanding of job assignment by directing attention to the demand side of labor markets. This article b...
Turbulence Modulation in an Initially Quiescent Two-Phase Flow at High Volume Fractions Using Stereoscopic PIV

Turbulence data for 5 mm solid, spherical particles falling at terminal velocity through an initially quiescent vertical water channel are obtained using a Scheimpflug stereo-PIV system. The system was successfully implemented into the flow facility and optimized to provide 3-D velocity field information for volume fractions at 2.71% and 5.24%. Vector validation played a significant role in reducing the data to obtain turbulence intensities as a function of particle fall time. The system was shown to be capable of measuring in-plane and out-of-plane displacements (velocities) with an error of less than 0.6%, despite blockage effects by the particles and inherent experimental errors. Since similar data in current literature is sparse, a popular length-scale model is provided in support of the data.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Prosodic structure and spoken word recognition

Abstract The aim of this paper is to call attention to the role played by prosodic structure in continuous word recognition. First we argue that the written language notion of the word has had too much impact on models of spoken word recognition. Next we discuss various characteristics of prosodic structure that bear on processing issues. Then we present a view of continuous word recognition which takes into account the alternating pattern of weak and strong syllables in the speech stream. A lexical search is conducted with the stressed syllables while the weak syllables are identified through a pattern-recognition-like analysis and the use of phonotactic and morphonemic rules. We end by discussing the content word vs. function word access controversy in the light of our view.
Further phenotypic characterization of the primitive lineage- CD34+CD38-CD90+CD45RA- hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor cell sub-population isolated from cord blood, mobilized peripheral blood and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

The most primitive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)/progenitor cell (PC) population reported to date is characterized as being Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45R. We have a long-standing interest in comparing the characteristics of hematopoietic progenitor cell populations enriched from normal subjects and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In order to investigate further purification of HSCs and for potential targetable differences between the very primitive normal and CML stem/PCs, we have phenotypically compared the normal and CML Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA− HSC/PC populations. The additional antigens analyzed were HLA-DR, the receptor tyrosine kinases c-kit and Tie2, the interleukin-3 cytokine receptor, CD33 and the activation antigen CD69, the latter of which was recently reported to be selectively elevated in cell lines expressing the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Notably, we found a strikingly low percentage of cells from the HSC/PC sub-population isolated from CML patients that were found to express the c-kit receptor (<1%) compared with the percentages of HSC/PCs expressing the c-kitR isolated from umbilical cord blood (50%) and mobilized peripheral blood (10%). Surprisingly, Tie2 receptor expression within the HSC/PC subset was extremely low from both normal and CML samples. Using in vivo transplantation studies, we provide evidence that HLA-DR, c-kitR, Tie2 and IL-3R may not be suitable markers for further partitioning of HSCs from the Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA− sub-population.
An Expert Network Simulation And Design System

We describe the essential features of an expert system that helps nonexpert designers analyze and design computer networks. The major components of this expert system are the executive, the knowledge management system, the user interface system, the modeler, the analyzer and the synthesizer. A combination of object-oriented techniques, rules and frames is used to represent the application's descriptive and problem-solving knowledge. Principles of planning systems are used to design a network satisfying the user's requirements.
Intravenous Gammaglobulin in the Prophylaxis of Late Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Preliminary Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as prophylaxis for late sepsis was evaluated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial involving 240 infants of very low birth weight (less than 1,300 g). Each infant received a total of five doses of either IVIG (1 g/d) or an albumin placebo. The first four doses were administered between days 1 and 5 of life, and the last dose was administered on day 15 or shortly thereafter. Preliminary analysis of data available for 126 patients showed that in the first 30 days, sepsis developed in nine of 61 patients given IVIG and in 16 of 65 given placebo (one-tailed P = .065). At 70 days, the number who developed sepsis was similar in the two groups: 20 for those who received IVIG vs. 23 for those who received placebo. When patients with coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections were deleted from the totals, the results were essentially the same, i.e., three of 61 who received IVIG vs. nine of 65 who received placebo (one-tailed P = .041), developed sepsis during the first 30 days and 12 of 61 vs. 13 of 65, respectively, had developed sepsis at 70 days. In the IVIG group, the median peak level of serum IgG at day 7 was 1,700 mg/dL and the IgG levels were significantly greater than those in the placebo group for days 7-42. These data suggest that infusions of IVIG at the doses and dosing intervals used in this study may be effective in decreasing the incidence of late-onset sepsis during the first month of life in infants of very low birth weight.
Neuroanatomy of the sucking pump of the moth, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera)

Knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the sucking pump of Manduca sexta (Sphingidae) is valuable for studies of olfactory learning, pattern generators, and postembryonic modification of motor circuitry. The pump comprises a cibarial valve, a buccal pump, and an esophageal sphincter valve. Cibarial opener and closer muscles control the cibarial valve. Six pairs of dilator muscles and a compressor muscle operate the buccal pump. The cibarial opener and one pair of buccal dilator muscles are innervated by paired neurons in the tritocerebrum, and the cibarial opener has double, bilateral innervation. Their tritocerebral innervation indicates that these muscles evolved from labro-clypeal muscles. The remaining paired buccal dilator muscles each are innervated by an unpaired motor neuron in the frontal ganglion. These motor neurons project bilaterally through the frontal connectives to dendritic arborizations in the tritocerebrum. These projections also have a series of dendritic-like arborizations in the connectives. The cibarial closer and buccal compressor muscles are also innervated by motor neurons in the frontal ganglion, but only the closer muscle neuron projects bilaterally to the tritocerebrum. The innervation of the pump muscles indicates that they are associated with the stomodaeum, and, therefore, the buccal pump evolved from the anterior stomodaeum rather than from the cibarium.
Jitter in ultra-low power audio-range PLLs

This paper investigates phase jitter in an ultra-low power Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). The core of the presented PLL is a current controlled relaxation oscillator, which generates a sawtooth shaped output. Expressions for the cycle-to-cycle jitter caused by the ramp current noise as well as the voltage noise present on the two rails of the sawtooth (V dd and V ref ) are derived. The theoretical results reveal that the current noise establishes a lower bound for jitter, which scales as the inverse of the square root of the selected ramp current. The PLL has been fabricated in 0.5 µm CMOS technology and targets an output range of 10–150 kHz. The integrated circuit dissipates between 0.8–1.8 µW of power (V dd =3 V) and yields relative phase jitter values between 0.11% and 0.14%. These numbers are approximately 70% larger than the derived lower bound.
Benign Fibroepithelial Polyps Causing Symptomatic Bilateral Intermittent Hydroureteronephrosis

Intermittent symptomatic hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction is common in children. Fibroepithelial polyps uncommonly cause intermittent hydroureteronephrosis. We report an unusual case of bilateral distal ureteral fibroepithelial polyps causing symptomatic hydroureteronephrosis.
A repository that supports teaching and cooperation in the introductory AI course

This paper describes the development of FLAIR (Flexible Learning with an Artificial Intelligence Repository), a repository of educational material and of a highly visual computing environment for use in laboratories associated with the introductory undergraduate Artificial Intelligence (AI) course. This repository supports sharing of pedagogic material and of development tools, and cooperation in their use, while allowing diversity in content and in use at different institutions. Thus the development of the repository has stressed the production of system tools, extensible object-oriented libraries, and strong programming frameworks. Some modules currently available are on Search and Automated Reasoning. Examples of the presentation techniques used are conceptual maps, hypertext, and graphic animations of algorithms. Initial experience in the use of the repository in teaching the introductory AI course is taking place in the 1993/94 academic year.
Effect of Hg(II) on the spectroscopic properties of poly[d(A-T) · d(A-T)] and poly[d(A) · d(T)] and their constituent subunits (deoxyadenosine and thymidine monomers and dimers)

Abstract Adding, respectively, increasing amounts of Hg(ClO 4 ) 2 ( ≡ Hg(II)) to poly[d(A-T) · d(A-T)] ( I ), poly[d(A) · d(T)] ( II ) as well as to their constituent subunits 2′-deoxyadenosine ( ≡ dA), thymidine ( ≡ dT), 2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-monophosphate ( ≡ dAp), thymidine-5′-monophosphate ( ≡ dTp), 2′-deoxyadenylyl-(3′ → 5′)-2′-deoxyadenosine ( ≡ d(ApA)), 2′-deoxyadenylyl-(3′ → 5′)-thymidine ( ≡ d(ApT)), thymidylyl-(3′ → 5′)-2′-deoxyadenosine ( ≡ d(TpA)), and thymidylyl-(3′ → 5′)-thymidine ( ≡ dTpT)) - all dissolved in 0.1 M NaClO 4 , 5 mM cacodylic acid, pH 7 - generates changes in their UV spectra that (a) progress in ( I ) in a pattern that is distinctly different from the one occurring in ( II ) and that (b) reveal a strong sequence dependence in the case of the dinucleoside phosphates. The spectroscopic parameters D (dipole strength), f (oscillator strength), and h (hypochromicity) were determined as a function of Hg(II) concentration for both polymers as well as for all dimers. Also determined were D and f of the monomers. D and f of dA, dAp, and d(ApA) display a different dependence on Hg(II) concentration than do D and f of dT, dTp, and d(TpT). The corresponding parameters of the mixed-sequence dimers d(ApT) and d(TpA) vary with Hg(II) in a ‘mirror’-like fashion. Increase in base stacking subsequent to mercury binding is noted with d(TpT) and d(TpA). The opposite occurs in d(ApT). Hg(II) exerts only marginal effects on the base stacking in d(ApA). Both D and f of polymers ( I ) and ( II ) increase with increasing levels of Hg(II), i.e. Hg(II) binding decreases base stacking (loss of hypochromicity). The effect is very much stronger in ( II ) than in ( I ). In contrast to dimers, the spectra of the mercurated polymers do not reveal any sequence dependence, meaning that none of the mercurated dimer spectra persists in a polymer spectrum.
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Manpower Survey for 1976: A Summary

Abstract The results of a 1977 survey regarding places and types of thoracic surgical procedures performed in the United States are analyzed. Responses gathered from 2,240 thoracic surgeons showed that active thoracic surgeons between 34 and 54 years old performed 195,850 major thoracic or cardiac operations per year. Fifty-four percent of active surgeons responding were in solo practice, 40% practiced in groups of 2 to 5 surgeons, and the remaining 6% were in groups of 6 or more. Community size, regional distribution of services, proportion of professional activities allocated to various procedures, and estimates of additional capacity are also summarized.
Evaluating Pharmacy Student Performance on Acute Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs)

AbstractThis paper describes using graded assignments linked to outcome statements for the evaluation of students on an internal medicine acute care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE). Assessable activities were linked to the College's outcome expectations. Students were graded on patient presentations, provision of drug information, documentation of communications, and general participation. An A minus was the most commonly awarded grade. Greater than 90% of the students felt that realistic objectives were met, that the assignments reflected the material, that the evaluation was constructive and that the course and instructor were effective. Students were assigned a well-balanced range of grades using this tool. Students' evaluations of the APPE were positive and implied their satisfaction with the grading of the APPE. With modification, this tool could be used by other preceptors or directors of experiential learning.
Phlogopite synthesis and stability range

Abstract A hydroxyl-bearing phlogopite has been synthesized and its upper stability limit determined up to 75,000 psi water vapour pressure. Above the upper stability limit the stable phases are forsterite + leucite + orthorhombic KAlSiO4 + vapour. At the lowest temperatures investigated the mica grows quickly as randomly stacked one-layer monoclinic phlogopite (1Md). At higher temperatures or with longer runs the mica orders to either a one-layer monoclinic (1M) or a three-layer trigonal (3T) polymorph. It is not possible to distinguish the 1M or the 3T polymorphs by means of powder X-ray diffraction patterns; however, the two-layer monoclinic (2M) mica is easily identified. The small size of the synthetic crystals prohibited identification of their polymorphic form by optical methods or single-crystal studies. The upper stability range of two natural phlogopites is in accord with that of synthetic phlogopite. The transformation of a natural 2M to a 1M or a 3T was accomplished; however, the stability ranges of the natural phlogopite polymorphs could not be fixed because of the sluggish nature of the transformations and the character of the recrystallization. The behaviour of phlogopite in igneous rocks high or low in silica is accounted for by the relation of its stability curve to the minimum melting curves of “granite” and “basalt.” The trioctahedral clay micas are identified structurally as IMd micas. The completely disordered phlogopite produced synthetically and its subsequent ordering well illustrate the observed stages of authigenic growth or, conversely, a weathering of the natural micas.
A mixed formulation of C0‐linear triangular plate/shell element—the role of edge shear constraints

A simple and effective linear C(0)-tiangular element for plates and shells is developed on the basis of the Hellinger-Reissner mixed variational principle with independently assumed stress and displacement fields. Two main features are emphasized in this development concerning the assumed transverse shear stress field. First, this assumption results in edge-type penalty constraints in the thin plate/shell regimes. Second, the element is used in the form of a four-triangle, cross-diagonal macroelement mesh. As a result, the element is shown to be free from shear locking in thin plate/shell applications, and it satisfies all the appropriate patch tests required for Kirchhoff plate models. In addition, the element exhibits good overall convergence properties in a variety of test problems for plates and shells. Finally, from the computational standpoint, the element is very efficient since all stiffness component matrices are derived in explicit forms.
Use of Bacteriophage-resistant Mutants to Study Actinomyces viscosus Cell Surface Receptors

Spontaneously occurring bacteriophage-resistant mutants of Actinomyces viscosus were isolated. The mutants exhibited altered coaggregation patterns with streptococci. From analysis of the data, it appears that a cell surface structure on A. viscosus may function both as a phage receptor and as a binding site for co-aggregation with certain oral streptococci. These mutants will be valuable in the study of surface structures that mediate one type of the cell-to-cell interactions that occur between these two important groups of oral bacteria.
Active use of hypertext to aid learning and classroom instruction

Hypertext is a valuable means of representing and organizing information, for both instructors and students. Hypertext can be used to create a set of presentation materials that can be easily shared with both students and colleagues. More importantly, those materials can also be used to help students build on explicit representation of their knowledge that helps them to understand complex concepts and their relationships. In this paper, we discuss our experience in the active use of hypertext in the development and teaching of a breadth-first introductory course.
Isogeometric Fluid structure Interaction Analysis with Applications to Arterial Blood Flow

A NURBS (non-uniform rational B-splines)-based isogeometric fluid–structure interaction formulation, coupling incompressible fluids with non-linear elastic solids, and allowing for large structural displacements, is developed. This methodology, encompassing a very general class of applications, is applied to problems of arterial blood flow modeling and simulation. In addition, a set of procedures enabling the construction of analysis-suitable NURBS geometries directly from patient-specific imaging data is outlined. The approach is compared with representative benchmark problems, yielding very good results. Computation of a patient-specific abdominal aorta is also performed, giving qualitative agreement with computations by other researchers using similar models.
Electronic poster: power modeling of high performance computer clusters

In this poster, an interactive offline power modeling and analysis tool based on the R programming language is described. Least squares regression coefficients are calculated with R scripts from Watt meter and proc file system data collected on a 20 compute node high performance computing (HPC) cluster. The High Performance Computing Challenge (HPCC) benchmark suite is used to represent "real world" HPC computations. Ten proc file system files are sampled for each benchmarked compute node. Results show power consumption of HPC applications can be modeled at the full cluster level using the proc file system both inexpensively and conveniently providing insight into the links between HPC cluster applications and cluster power consumption.
Sonar constrained stereo correspondence for three-dimensional seafloor reconstruction

There is a persistent need in the oceanographic community for accurate three dimensional reconstructions of seafloor structures. To meet this need underwater mapping techniques have expanded to include the use of stereo vision and high frequency multibeam sonar for mapping scenes 10′s to 100′s of square meters in size. Both techniques have relative advantages and disadvantages that depend on the task at hand and the desired accuracy. In this paper, we develop a method to constrain the often problematic stereo correspondence search to small sections of the image that correspond to estimated ranges along the epipolar lines calculated from coregistered multibeam sonar micro-bathymetry. This approach can be applied to both sparse feature-based and dense area-based stereo correspondence techniques. Data were collected on an underwater vehicle survey using a calibrated stereo rig and a multibeam sonar gathering coincident datasets. Overall, the constrained correspondence method shows improvements in the number and reliability of correct matches and allows for reduction in complexity of feature descriptors but it is reliant on the quality of both intrinsic and extrinsic sensor calibration.
One-year changes in activity and in inactivity among 10- to 15-year-old boys and girls: relationship to change in body mass index.

Objective. Cross-sectional studies have suggested that children who were less physically active and children who watched more television (TV) had more excess body weight, but no large nationwide longitudinal studies have addressed whether children who change their personal levels of activity or inactivity, from one year to the next, experience changes in adiposity. Our objective is to study the association between change in body mass index (BMI) over 1 year and same year change in recreational physical activity and change in recreational inactivity (TV/videos/video games). Design. Cohort study using data from 2 mailed questionnaires, 1 year apart. Participants. A total of 11 887 boys and girls, aged 10 to 15, who returned questionnaires in both 1997 and 1998 as part of the Growing Up Today Study. Outcome Measure. Change in BMI from 1997-1998, accounting for increases in BMI associated with growth and development. Results. An increase in physical activity from 1997-1998 was associated with decreasing relative BMI in girls (-0.06 kg/m 2 per hour increase in daily activity; 95% confidence interval [Cl]: -0.11, -0.01) and in overweight boys (-0.22 kg/m 2 ; Cl: -0.33, -0.10). An increase in inactivity was associated with increasing BMI in girls (+0.05 kg/m 2 per hour increase in daily TV/videos/video games; CI: +0.02, +0.08). Effects were generally stronger among overweight children. Increasing time doing aerobics/dancing and walking were associated with BMI declines for some groups of children. Conclusions. Many children may benefit by increasing their physical activity and by reducing time watching TV or videos and playing video games. In particular, 2 activities accessible to most children, aerobics/dancing and walking, also appeared beneficial.
Examining Gender Differences for Gambling Engagement and Gambling Problems Among Emerging Adults

Gambling is fast becoming a public health problem in the United States, especially among emerging adults (18–25 year olds). Since 1995, rates have recently doubled with around 7–11 % of the emerging adult population having problems with gambling (Shaffer et al. in Am J Public Health 89(9):1369–1376, 1999; Cyders and Smith in Pers Individ Diff 45(6):503–508, 2008). Some states have lowered their gambling age to 18 years old; in turn, the gambling industry has recently oriented their market to target this younger population. However, little is known about the gender variation and the factors placing emerging adults at risk for getting engaged and developing problems with gambling. The purpose of the study was to determine the risk factors accounting for gender differences at the two levels of gambling involvement: engagement and problems. Mediation analyses revealed that impulsive coping and risk-taking were significant partial mediators for gender differences on engagement in gambling. Men took more risks and had lower levels of impulsive coping than women, and those who took more risks and had lower levels of impulsive coping were more likely to engage in gambling. Risk-taking and social anxiety were the significant mediators for gender differences in problems with gambling. Men took more risks and were more socially anxious than women, and greater risk-taking and more socially anxious individuals tended to have more problems with gambling. Implications for counseling preventions and intervention strategies are discussed.
Causes and management of pleural fibrosis.

Abstract: The development of pleural fibrosis follows severe pleural space inflammation which is typically associated with an exudative pleural effusion. The response of the mesothelial cell to injury and its ability, along with the basement membrane, to maintain its integrity, is vital in determining whether there is normal healing or pleural fibrosis. The formation of a fibrinous intrapleural matrix is critical to the development of pleural fibrosis. This matrix is the result of disordered fibrin turnover, whereby fibrin formation is up-regulated and fibrin dissolution is down-regulated. Cytokines, such as TGF-β and TNF-α, facilitate the fibrin matrix formation. A complete understanding of the pathogenesis of pleural fibrosis and why abnormal pleural space remodeling occurs in some and not in others, remains unknown. Clinically significant pleural fibrosis requires involvement of the visceral pleura. Isolated parietal pleural fibrosis, as with asbestos pleural plaques, does not cause restriction or respiratory impairment. The causes of visceral pleural fibrosis include asbestos-associated diffuse pleural thickening, coronary bypass graft surgery, pleural infection (including tuberculous pleurisy), drug-induced pleuritis, rheumatoid pleurisy, uraemic pleurisy, and haemothorax. Systemic and intrapleural corticosteroids administered during the initial presentation of rheumatoid pleurisy in small series may decrease the incidence of pleural fibrosis. Several randomised control trials using corticosteroids in tuberculous pleurisy have not shown efficacy in reducing residual pleural fibrosis. Decortication is effective in treating symptomatic patients regardless of the cause of pleural fibrosis as long as chronicity has been documented and significant underlying parenchymal disease has been excluded.
Compact optical 3R regeneration using a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator

We propose and demonstrate a novel reamplification, retiming, and reshaping regeneration approach that utilizes the photocurrent signal and the nonlinear electrooptical transfer function of a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator in an electrical ring oscillator. All the required functionalities such as clock recovery, pulse generation, and nonlinear decision are implemented with the same device, leading to a very compact configuration. In addition, wavelength conversion and electrical signal monitoring can be realized at the same time. With a degraded 10-Gb/s return-to-zero input, 1.0 dB of negative power penalty and 50% timing jitter reduction are measured after regeneration.
Finickiness in VMH rats also results from the lesions, not just from obesity

When a high-fat diet was successively adulterated with increasing concentrations of quinine, from.4% to 4.0%, the mean body weight of female rats with ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions never fell below that of same-diet control rats. In a second experiment, when female VMH-lesioned and control rats were maintained on a 1.6% quinine high-fat diet for the first 15 days after surgery, VMH rats ate less and lost more weight than same-diet control rats before they displayed typical large weight gains when they were subsequently fed the unadulterated high-fat diet. Diet palatability interacts with VMH destruction to alter both the upper and lower limits of body-weight maintenance.
Learnable skills, or unteachable instinct? What can and what cannot be taught in the lobbying profession

In this article, we make the case that there is a critical set of knowledge, skills and abilities that can be taught to pre- and early-career lobbyists at the graduate professional training level. We acknowledge that, as with any profession, there are intrinsic personal qualities and life experiences that improve the ability of lobbyists to represent their clients and contribute to the policy process. Yet, we also identify three basic areas of lobbying in the literature that can structure a curriculum to prepare prospective professional lobbyists to be effective and ethical advocates for their clients’ interests. First, recent research on interest group politics and lobbying can offer students and practitioners insight into the structure and dynamics of lobbying communities. Second, the literature highlights three useful kinds of knowledge – political process, substantive policy and analytic – that can be systematically taught. Third, the consensus among political scientists that lobbying plays primarily an informational role implies that students should master oral and written communication strategies for effective advocacy. And finally, best practices in building and maintaining relationships with stakeholders in the policy world can be modeled. We then recommend a curriculum that offers training in these areas through a combination of seminars, simulations and a practicum experience that may be delivered in person, online or through a hybrid course.
1718 CULTURE OF TYPE 2 CELLS FROM FETAL RABBIT LUNGS

Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells synthesize a surfactant which is important for maintaining lung stability. To isolate these cells, fetal rabbit lungs (27-29 days gestation) were digested enzymatically, and differential adhesion to plastic substrate was used to obtain a population enriched in epithelial cells. Cells were cultured using selective medium (with D-valine instead of L-valine) to suppress growth of contaminating fibroblasts; after 4-5 days, the cultures were confluent. Cells were examined at electron microscope level; in a typical culture from 29 day fetuses, approx. 10-40% were identified as “definite” type 2 (cuboidal or elliptical, surface microvilli, cytoplasmic lamellar bodies), and 50-60% were identified as “probable” type 2 (same criteria as for “definite”, except no lamellar bodies). The cells incorporated (14C)-choline into disaturated phosphatidylcholine (dspc), a major component of lung surfactant. Specific activities of the acyl transferase system were compared using palmitoyl-CoA and oleyl-CoA as donor substrates, and 1-sat-2-lyso-pc as receptor substrate. At 27 days gestation, the ratio (palmitoyl-CoA/oleyl-CoA) was 0.39, while at 29 days the ratio was 3.5. These data suggest that changes in acyl transferase donor specificity are important in regulating synthesis of dspc. We conclude that this culture system is a useful model for studying metabolism of lung surfactant.
The use of the restricted partition method with case-control data.

Background/Aims: Many diseases important to public health are not due solely to a single mutation or environmental insult. Instead, complex interactions among multiple genes and env
α-Carbalkoxylations of carboxylic acids. A general synthetic route to monoesters of malonic acids.

Aus den Carbonsauren (I) entstehen mit Lithium-diisopropylamid die Li-Derivate (II), die mit Chlorkohlensaureester (III) oder Dialkylcarbonaten (V) zu den Malonester= Carbonsauren (IV) substituiert werden.