cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drug Abuse Preventive Interventions for Hispanic Youth: State of the Science and Implications for Future Research

Drug use represents a major public health problem facing America’s youth (Johnston et al. 2011a). The effects of drug use on physical health in adolescents are severe. For example, approximately 75 % of all deaths in the U.S. can be attributed to accidents, assaults/homicides, intentional harm/suicides, HIV/AIDS, and chronic lower respiratory disease, all of which have been associated with drug use (Arias et al. 2003). In addition to these physical consequences, drug use among adolescents has a myriad of social consequences. For example, drug use in adolescents has been attributed to both criminal activity and elevated school dropout rates. Adolescent drug use also has long-term consequences such as the development of psychiatric disorders, including drug abuse and dependence (Gil et al. 2004). Hispanic adolescents are disproportionately affected by drug use and some of its associated consequences (e.g., school dropout rates) when compared to mainstream society. In fact, drug use and its consequences largely contribute to the health disparities that exist between Hispanics and other segments of the population. Thus, preventing/reducing drug use among Hispanic youth is essential to eliminating the health disparities that exist between Hispanics and other segments of the population. In spite of the fact that Hispanic adolescents experience significant drug use health disparities, a dearth of evidence-based interventions exist for preventing drug use behaviors among this population. This chapter will review the epidemiology (both prevalence and etiology) of drug use in Hispanic youth, the state of intervention science among this population, and provide recommendations for future research to work towards narrowing and ultimately eliminating the health disparities in drug use that exist between Hispanic youth and other segments of the population.
Gatekeepers of dance: Journalistic coverage of concert contemporary dance

AbstractThis paper analyzes journalism’s coverage of concert contemporary dance as a method of human communication, a component of cultural conversation, and a member of the greater creative exchange. It analyzes the current problems within journalism and provides suggestions as to how dance journalism can survive the upheaval in the journalism industry, which could help dance become and remain relevant to a larger pool of American society.
A chaotic systems analysis of rhythms in feeling states.

This study examines temporal patterns in the mood polarities of pleasure and pain as well as excitation and relaxation as chaotic in nature. For 3 weeks 5 participants recorded Likert scale estimates of these 2 variables every 30 min while awake. Resulting values were analyzed using two-dimensional attractor reconstructions, Fourier frequency analyses, and fractal dimension estimates. The reconstructions in combination with the frequency analyses disclosed distinct individual patterns which the dimension estimates show to be chaos-like in structure.
Crossing Spirits, Negotiating Cultures: Transmigration, Transculturation, and Interorality in Cuban Espiritismo

This chapter on contemporary Cuban seances, misas espirituales, links affect theory to interoral performative moments in Espiritismo by revisiting and revising Ortiz’s idea of transculturation in light of his own attention to 19th century Spiritist doctrine. I use the term “interorality” to describe how in misas participants interact, collaborate, and quote each other in constructing narratives of inter-connectivity with the spirit plane. In this regard, Edouard Glissant’s idea of Caribbean cross-cultural poetics can help us think about the non-universalist aesthetic of the oral performances expressed at the misa. The cultural work of contemporary spirit mediums also re-tools positivist notions found in writings on Espiritismo by circumventing linear ideas of spirit progression through the affective linking of ethnic and racial difference. Ironically, it is the practice of transculturation at a misa that disrupts some of the modernist tendencies that have gone into the theorization and characterization of Espiritismo by Kardec and Ortiz.
Argumentation for Collaboration Among Internet of Things

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are algorithmically controlled mechanisms involving networked devices [1]. Whereas physical components of CPS (e.g., robots sand devices) are tangible, embodied, and occupy physical space, cyber components are largely disembodied, intangible, and location-independent. As such, internet of things (IoT) are a subset of CPS. In sharp contrast to the passive view for entities of things as objects, agent inhabitants of IoT are active and may take action proactively. In this perspective, things are enlivened with agent overlays that take advantage of smart sensors and provide intended decision making capacities for things.
High resolution hemodynamic profiling of murine arteriovenous fistula using magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. The two major etiologies of AVF maturation failure are early neointimal hyperplasia development and persistent inadequate outward remodeling. Although hemodynamic changes following AVF creation may impact AVF remodeling and contribute to neointimal hyperplasia development and impaired outward remodeling, detailed AVF hemodynamics are not yet fully known. Since murine AVF models are valuable tools for investigating the pathophysiology of AVF maturation failure, there is a need for a new approach that allows the hemodynamic characterization of murine AVF at high resolutions. This methods paper presents a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method that we developed to rigorously quantify the evolving hemodynamic environment in murine AVF. The lumen geometry of the entire murine AVF was reconstructed from high resolution, non-contrast 2D T2-weighted fast spin echo MRI sequence, and the flow rates of the AVF inflow and outflow were extracted from a gradient echo velocity mapping sequence. Using these MRI-obtained lumen geometry and inflow information, CFD modeling was performed and used to calculate blood flow velocity and hemodynamic factors at high resolutions (on the order of 0.5 μm spatially and 0.1 ms temporally) throughout the entire AVF lumen. We investigated both the wall properties (including wall shear stress (WSS), wall shear stress spatial gradient, and oscillatory shear index (OSI)) and the volumetric properties (including vorticity, helicity, and Q-criterion). Our results demonstrate increases in AVF flow velocity, WSS, spatial WSS gradient, and OSI within 3 weeks post-AVF creation when compared to pre-surgery. We also observed post-operative increases in flow disturbances and vortices, as indicated by increased vorticity, helicity, and Q-criterion. This novel protocol will enable us to undertake future mechanistic studies to delineate the relationship between hemodynamics and AVF development and characterize biological mechanisms that regulate local hemodynamic factors in transgenic murine AVF models.
Abstract 124: Survival and Limb Salvage Following Lower-Extremity Revascularization Using Cryopreserved Saphenous Vein Allograft

OBJECTIVE: Revascularization options for critical limb ischemia are often limited by the lack of autologous vein conduit, particularly in the setting of infection or distal targets that render the use of synthetic graft undesirable. Cryopreserved saphenous vein allograft (CSVA) may provide an important alternative. We conducted a retrospective study of patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization at a single institution using CSVA. METHODS: Between April 2009 and June 2011, 18 CSVA were used for bypass (12 men) with a median age of 65 (range, 45-88) years. Procedures included 14 femoral-distal bypasses (5 femoral-below-knee popliteal, 9 femoral-tibial bypasses) and 4 femoral-femoral bypasses. No immunosuppression was used. Follow-up was continued until conduit revision, amputation, death, or the end of the study period. End points included patency, limb salvage, and survival. RESULTS: Comorbidities included smoking history (95%), hyperlipidemia (73%), hypertension (68%), coronary artery disease (52%), diabetes (32%), obesity (16%), and atrial fibrillation (21%). The majority of patients had undergone multiple failed endovascular or open revascularization procedures prior to the use of CSVA. Clinical presentations included initial bypass thrombosis (26%), infection involving synthetic conduit (16%), stenosis (16%), and anastomotic pseudoaneurysm (5%). CSVA was used at the index procedure in 31% of cases, only when autologous vein was found to be inadequate for distal bypass. Complications following CSVA implantation included thrombosis (31%), stenosis (16%), infection (5%), aneurysmal degeneration (15%), and anastomotic pseudoaneurysm (5%). Survival was 78% with a median follow-up time of 285 (range, 2-850) days. Limb salvage was achieved in 12 of 14 surviving patients (86%) with graft patency maintained in 10 of 14 patients (71%) over a median 300 (range, 60-850) days. CONCLUSION: CSVA may provide an important option in clinical situations where autologous vein is not available and prosthetic bypass graft undesirable due to low patency rates or high rates of reinfection. Further elucidation of factors related to CSVA bypass patency should guide patient selection and management.
When less means more: dehydration improves innate immunity in rattlesnakes.

Immune function can vary based on availability of resources, and most studies of such influences have focused on the co-investment of energy into immune and other physiological functions. When energy resources are limited, trade-offs exist, which can compromise immunity for other functions. As with energy, water limitation can also alter various physiological processes, yet water has received little consideration for its possible role in modulating immune functions. We examined the relationship between immunocompetence and hydration state using the western diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). This species is known to undergo substantial seasonal fluctuations in water availability with extreme limitations during the hot-dry season. We collected blood samples from free-ranging C. atrox to compare osmolality and innate immune function (lysis, agglutination and bacterial growth inhibition) during the milder and relatively moister early spring season, the hot-dry season and the hot-wet season. To isolate effects of dehydration from other possible seasonal influences, we complemented this field study with a laboratory study in which we withheld food and water from individually housed adult C. atrox for up to 16 weeks. We collected blood samples from each snake as it dehydrated and collected a final sample after the snake was given water ad libitum at the end of the experiment. Our results demonstrate that C. atrox experience significant dehydration during the hot-dry season, and that, in general, innate immune function is highly correlated with osmolality, whether natural or artificially manipulated.
On the directional dependency of [`]slow tail' extremely low-frequency atmospheric waveforms

Abstract Experimental evidence is presented that the ‘slow tail’ atmospheric waveforms reported by Liebermann (1956) and Tepley (1959) which are classified as Type A and Type B are predominately easterly and westerly propagating waveforms, respectively. The effects of variations in the types of sources as a cause of the different types of waveforms are minimized by the comparison of ‘slow tail’ waveforms generated by intracloud and cloud-to-ground type lightning discharges.
T1N0 oesophageal cancer: patterns of care and outcomes over 25 years.

OBJECTIVES Historically, surgical resection has been the mainstay of treatment for T1N0 oesophageal cancer (OC). More recently, oesophageal sparing endoscopic techniques have shown value for local control in a large institutional series. However, the effect of their utilization upon survival rates in large population series is largely unknown. METHODS The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database was queried for T1N0M0-OC patients (1988-2013). Patients with multiple treatment types were excluded. Time periods were divided by 5-year increments. Overall survival and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared in the group as a whole and in propensity-matched subgroups. Independent predictors of cancer-specific mortality were studied by the Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS We identified 5497 patients with cT1N0M0 OC. Treatment modalities used were changed significantly over time. The ratio of oesophagectomy when compared with local therapy decreased from 15:1 in 1998-92 to 1.4:1 in 2008-13. The proportion of patients treated with radiation slightly increased (35% vs 41%) between 1988-92 and 2008-13. In the propensity-matched groups, 5-year CSS was similar in patients treated with oesophagectomy and local therapy (81% vs 89%; P = 0.257) (n = 216 in each group), whereas oesophagectomy had superior 5-year CSS compared with radiation alone (73% vs 38%; P < 0.001) (n = 497 in each group). In multivariable analysis, significant predictors of cancer-specific mortality included age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.022], tumour size (HR 1.005), radiation therapy (HR 3.67), tumour Grade III/IV (HR 1.25) and early time period of diagnosis (HR 1.75). CONCLUSIONS Oesophageal sparing endoscopic techniques have been increasingly utilized in the treatment of cT1N0-OC but without compromising CSS. Local therapy, either endoscopic techniques or surgery, remains superior to radiation therapy.
A estética de Peirce como uma ciência dos fins ideais

It is argued here that the best interpretation of Peirce’s esthetics is as a normative science of ideal ends. Peirce’s influences in this regard include Plato’s notion of kalos, Friedrich Schiller’s The Aesthetic Education of Man, and Kant’s notion of architectonic. Based primarily on drafts of the Minute Logic in 1902 and the Harvard Lectures of 1903, the essential features of a normative science are discussed and the relation of esthetics to the other two normative sciences of logic and ethics is analyzed. Peirce’s concept of esthetic goodness is explicated, and the criteria for what he counts as a summum bonum is examined. Peirce’s own formulations of the summum bonum are analyzed, including his notion of concrete reasonableness, but also an interesting account of ultimate ideals, found in a manuscript fragment in 1903. The paper ends with a discussion between what is called Peirce’s positive and negative esthetics, understood as two different approaches to the formulation of ideal ends.
What Do Refugee Mothers Want in Urban US School Science: Learning from the Perceptions of Science of Three Somali Mothers

This paper examines the perceptions of three Somali mothers on science, science topics taught in urban US schools and the challenges that they encountered in dealing with science and their own social and cultural practices. The article focuses on Somali mothers, who were highly interested in articulating how science and science professions could be a path to both the personal and community successes and how science could positively affect Somali girls in the areas of women’s health. As an exploratory case study research, we used grounded theory approach to understand Somali mothers’ perceptions of science. We interviewed the mothers over a year and analyzed data as an iterative and systematic process. The findings of the study show that the Somali mothers perceived science from everyday usefulness points of view rather than science knowledge alone, thus home-science connections were critical to them as Somali mothers. They perceived science as an empowering tool for girls so they could make important decisions about women’s reproductive health issues. A broader implication of this study could be for urban science teachers and educators to modify their science instructional and curricular decisions so science learning is connected to Somali students’ culture and empowers girls.
A Case Study of Stakeholder Dialogue in Professional Sport: An Example of CSR Engagement

Many businesses, including professional sport teams, are designing and engaging in socially responsible initiatives which benefit stakeholders as well as the businesses themselves. Gaining insight into stakeholders' expectations regarding corporations' corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives through dialogue is important as the way a business is viewed and evaluated by stakeholders underlies subsequent interactions. Based on semi‐structured interviews with 42 diverse stakeholders involved in a professional sport team's CSR initiative we found that stakeholders' expectations of the team's involvement in the community related to social and institutional norms, values, and benefits. The team also appeared to be meeting stakeholder expectations about being socially responsible in the community. This study provides new insights into a firm's CSR expectations through engaging in stakeholder management and interaction. Future research directions and practical suggestions are offered for organizations attempting to understand and meet stakeholders' expectations in the area of CSR.
Exposure to conditions of uncertainty promotes the pursuit of amphetamine.

Prior exposure to abused drugs leads to long-lasting neuroadaptations culminating in excessive drug intake. Given the comorbidity between substance use and gambling disorders, surprisingly little is known about the effects of exposure to reinforcement contingencies experienced during games of chance. As it is a central feature of these games, we characterized the effects of exposure to uncertainty on biochemical and behavioral effects normally observed in rats exposed to amphetamine. Rats in different groups were trained to nose-poke for saccharin under certain [fixed-ratio (FR)] or uncertain conditions [variable-ratio (VR)] for 55 1-h sessions. Ratios were escalated on successive sessions and rats maintained on the last ratio (FR/VR 20) for 20–25 days. Two to three weeks later, rats were tested for their locomotor or nucleus accumbens dopamine (NAcc DA) response to amphetamine or self-administration of the drug using a lever press operant. NAcc DA overflow was also assessed in additional rats during the saccharin sessions. Rats exposed to uncertainty subsequently showed a higher locomotor and NAcc DA response to amphetamine and self-administered more drug infusions relative to rats exposed to predictable reinforcement. NAcc DA levels during the saccharin sessions tracked the variance of the scheduled ratios (a measure of uncertainty). VR rats showed escalating DA overflow with increasing ratios. Exposure to uncertainty triggered neuroadaptations similar to those produced by exposure to abused drugs. As these were produced in drug naive rats both during and after exposure to uncertainty, they provide a novel common pathway to drug and behavioral addictions.
Requirement of cyclic AMP for induction of GMP reductase in Escherichia coli.

Abstract Guanosine-5′-monophosphate reductase is induced in Escherichia coli by growth of the bacteria in the presence of guanine or guanosine. In mutants that lack adenyl cyclase this induction does not occur unless cyclic 3′,5′-AMP is present. GMP reductase is not subject to catabolite repression.
Novel Bioinformatics Methods for Toxicoepigenetics

Abstract The use of high-throughput, genome-wide assays in toxicoepigenetics is rapidly developing and expanding. With recent advances in experimental technologies, a great amount of multiomics epigenomic data has been generated requiring the development of correspondingly advanced bioinformatics approaches to analyze and interpret such big data. This chapter discusses analysis methods for current epigenomic assays available for use in toxicoepigenetic and novel bioinformatics approaches to interpret, visualize, and integrate a variety of epigenomic data and data resources. The epigenomic features covered include DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, histone modification, chromatin accessibility, and chromatin interaction. For each type of assay used to interrogate those features, bioinformatics tools for data quality control, epigenetic mark detection, comparative analysis, data visualization, functional analysis, and integrative analysis are suggested. Looking forward, it is anticipated that researchers in toxicoepigenomics will adopt newer techniques such as single-cell assays and the bioinformatics methods will continue to evolve.
A Protocol for the Construction and Curation of Genome-Scale Integrated Metabolic and Regulatory Network Models

Genome-scale metabolic network models have been widely used over the last decade and have been shown to successfully predict the metabolic behavior of many organisms. Yet the complexity of metabolic regulation often limits the accuracy of these models. Integrative modeling approaches have recently been developed that combine metabolic and regulatory networks, thereby expanding the capabilities and accuracy of genome-scale modeling. This chapter provides a guide to reconstruct and curate such integrated network models. Specifically, this protocol describes the PROM (Probabilistic Regulation of Metabolism) and GEMINI (Gene Expression and Metabolism Integrated for Network Inference) approaches. PROM is an automated method for the construction of integrated metabolic and transcriptional regulatory network models, while the GEMINI approach curates the integrated network models using transcriptomics and phenomics data. GEMINI represents the first attempt at applying well-established curation tools that exist for metabolic networks to be applied for curating regulatory networks. The integrated network models generated by these approaches enable the mechanistic integration of diverse biological data and can identify novel strategies to engineer cellular metabolism.
Intergenerational transmission of delay discounting: The mediating role of household chaos

Abstract Introduction Adolescence is a period when impulsive decision making may be especially vulnerable to environmental influences. Impulsive decision making is often assessed using a delay discounting paradigm, which measures the preference for smaller rewards sooner over larger rewards with a delay. Research is needed to clarify the relationship between parents' and adolescents' delay discounting and to identify related environmental processes that might facilitate the intergenerational transmission of delay discounting. The current prospective longitudinal study examined the competing mediating processes of household chaos and harsh parenting in the intergenerational transmission of delay discounting between parents and adolescents. Methods Participants included 167 adolescents (mean age = 14.07 years at Time 1; 53% male) and their parents (mean age = 41.98 years at Time 1; 87% female) recruited from the southeast United States. Parents' delay discounting was collected at Time 1, and adolescents' delay discounting was collected both at Time 1 and at Time 3 via a computerized delay discounting task. Parents and adolescents reported household chaos and harsh parenting at Time 2. Results A parallel mediation model indicated that parents' delay discounting at Time 1 indirectly predicted adolescents' delay discounting Time 3 residualized change scores (regressing Time 3 delay discounting onto baseline delay discounting) through household chaos but not through harsh parenting at Time 2. Conclusions These results underline the importance of household chaos in facilitating the intergenerational transmission of delay discounting between parents and adolescents. Furthermore, our findings point to household chaos as a potential environmental target for interrupting intergenerational impulsivity.
Presurgical Resting-State fMRI

Purpose: Task-based fMRI has traditionally been used to locate eloquent regions of the brain that are relevant to specific cognitive tasks. These locations have, in turn, been used successfully to inform surgical planning. Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) uses alternative methods to find networks, but does not require any task performance by a patient.
Rapid picture naming in Parkinson's disease using the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES).

Abstract Objective The Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) is a test of rapid picture naming that captures extensive brain networks, including cognitive, language and afferent/efferent visual pathways. MULES performance is slower in concussion and multiple sclerosis, conditions in which vision dysfunction is common. Visual aspects captured by the MULES may be impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD) including color discrimination, object recognition, visual processing speed, and convergence. The purpose of this study was to compare MULES time scores for a cohort of PD patients with those for a control group of participants of similar age. We also sought to examine learning effects for the MULES by comparing scores for two consecutive trials within the patient and control groups. Methods MULES consists of 54 colored pictures (fruits, animals, random objects). The test was administered in a cohort of PD patients and in a group of similar aged controls. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to determine statistical significance for differences in MULES time scores between PD patients and controls. Spearman rank-correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relation between MULES time scores and PD motor symptom severity (UPDRS). Learning effects were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results Among 51 patients with PD (median age 70 years, range 52–82) and 20 disease-free control participants (median age 67 years, range 51–90), MULES scores were significantly slower (worse performance) in PD patients (median 63.2 s, range 37.3–296.3) vs. controls (median 53.9 s, range 37.5–128.6, P = .03, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Slower MULES times were associated with increased motor symptom severity as measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Section III (rs = 0.37, P = .02). Learning effects were greater among patients with PD (median improvement of 14.8 s between two MULES trials) compared to controls (median 7.4 s, P = .004). Conclusion The MULES is a complex test of rapid picture naming that captures numerous brain pathways including an extensive visual network. MULES performance is slower in patients with PD and our study suggests an association with the degree of motor impairment. Future studies will determine the relation of MULES time scores to other modalities that test visual function and structure in PD.
Equilibrium and -efficient fertility with increasing returns to population and endogenous mortality

A general equilibrium model that characterizes the gap between optimal and equilibrium fertility and investment in human capital is developed. The aggregate production function exhibits increasing returns to population arising from specialization, but households face a quantity–quality trade-off when choosing their fertility and how much education these children receive. We show that equilibrium fertility is too low and investment per child is too high, in contrast to a current planner who internalizes the externality of current fertility on the next generation's productivity. We next introduce mortality of young adults in the model and assume that households have a precautionary demand for children. Human capital investment lowers next generation mortality. This model endogenously generates a demographic transition but, since households do not internalize the negative effects of human capital on mortality, the equilibrium demographic transition takes place many years later than the efficient solution. We show that -efficient human capital investment is lower than the equilibrium choice.
Fasting plasma glucose survey in the middle-aged and aged people in schistosomiasis transmissioninterrupted areas

Objective To investigate the fasting plasma glucose level in the middle aged and aged people in schistosomiasis transmission interrupted areas and analyze its relevance to schistosomiasis.Methods One hundred cured schistosomiasis patients and 300 residents at same age without shistosomiasis history in Maogang village,Gaoyou City were investigated.The fasting plasma glucose level was detected while the accompanied diseases such as diabetes,gallbladder infection and HBsAg etc.were investigated.The difference of the fasting plasma glucose level between with or without schistosomiasis history,with or without accompanied diseases and different gender,age,occupation and educational level was then analyzed.Results The average fasting plasma glucose of the population in the village was (5.57± 1.59) mmol/L,95％CI was (5.41-5.72) mmol/L.The incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as well as diabetes mellitus (DM) was 6.75％.The average fasting plasma glucose of the cured schistosomiasis patients was (5.60 ± 1.78) mmol/L,95％CI was (5.29-6.01) mmol/L,while that of the residents without shistosomiasis history was (5.56 ± 1.52) mmol/L,95％CI was (5.37-5.74)mmol/L,the difference between two groups was not statistically significant no matter what gender,age,occupation,educational level and accompanied diseases.There was no significant difference for IFG and DM among various groups except the incidence of DM between worker groups (x2=5.50,P＜0.05).The incidence of DM in cured schistosomiasis patients was higher than that in residents without schistosomiasis history for all groups except farmers,among them it was 8,2,12,and 8 fold higher in male,aged 40-59,workers and educational level above junior high school groups of cured schistosomiasis patients,compared with that in corresponding groups of residents without schistosomiasis history.The 95％CI of fasting plasma glucose was higher in cured schistosomiasis patients than that in residents without schistosomiasis history in most of the groups,among them the upper limits of 95％CI of fasting plasma glucose were 6.43,6.80,6.50,6.35 and 6.80 mmol/L that reached the level of IFG in the groups of female,aged 60-69,worker,illiteracy and above junior high school of cured schistosomiasis patients respectively,while the upper limits of 95％CI were within normal range in the remaining groups.Conclusion There is no significant difference for fasting plasma glucose level between cured schistosomiasis patients and normal population,however the risk of impared glucose tolerance may increase in part of the middle-aged and aged person. Key words: Schistosomiasis ; Fasting plasma glucose ; Transmission interrupted
Hostility and reactive criminal thinking as mediators of the violent victimization–violent offending relationship: affect before cognition?

The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1. determine whether an affective-cognitive construct, hostility, and a cognitive-affective criminal thinking style, reactive criminal thinking (RCT), mediat...
Secondary Traumatic Stress in Ob-Gyn: A Mixed Methods Analysis Assessing Physician Impact and Needs.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the incidence of secondary traumatic stress in Obstetrics and Gynecology physicians including symptoms, impact, and programmatic needs for support. Design This study used a mixed-methods approach comprised of an anonymous online survey and individual interviews/focus groups. IBM SPSS 24.0 generated statistical analysis: descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test to compare nominal survey data and across groups, phi correlations (ϕ) and interitem reliability (Cronbach alpha). Constant comparative qualitative analysis determined cross-cutting themes. Research was approved by institutional IRB. Setting This study was conducted at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a large academic medical institution. Participants Participants were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology via email. Faculty, fellows, and residents participated in an anonymous online survey and were invited to complete individual interviews or focus groups. The online survey was distributed to 67 clinical faculty, residents, and fellows with a total of 27 individuals completing the reliable (alpha = 0.71) anonymous survey (40% response rate). Ten faculty participated in individual interviews or focus groups. Results Respondents to the quantitative survey identified involvement in adverse medical events (95%) and symptoms of traumatic stress (75%). Anxiety (81%), guilt (62%), and disrupted sleep (58%) were most frequently reported symptoms (mean number of symptoms = (3.4(±2.1)). Individuals reporting anxiety were more likely to seek support from colleagues (ϕ = 0.5, p Conclusions Obstetrics and Gynecology providers are likely to experience symptoms of secondary traumatic stress following adverse patient events similar to other medical specialties. Comprehensive programs to address emotional well-being of physicians are important to promote collegiality and reduce symptoms of secondary traumatic stress. Safety and transparency with opportunities for group processing are identified as essentials for positive institutional culture, as well as peer support programs.
Seizures Are Associated With Brain Injury in Infants Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objective:Determine seizure frequency and association with neurologic outcomes in infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Identify patient or clinical factors associated with seizur...
Delays are Self-enhancing: An Explanation of the East-West Asymmetry in Recovery from Jetlag:

There is evidence in mammals that recovering from jetlag after westward travel is faster than after eastward travel. To understand why, mathematical models have been used, along with theories of en...
Feasibility and impact of a musculoskeletal health for musicians (MHM) program for musician students: A randomized controlled pilot study.

Abstract Background There is a high incidence of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders in musicians that may be reduced via education programs. However, the efficacy of formalized injury prevention programs has not been rigorously studied. Purpose To assess the feasibility and effect of a formalized injury prevention education workshop on incidence and severity of musculoskeletal pain in a cohort of musician-students attending an intensive summer music festival compared to controls. Study design Randomized-controlled-pilot trial. Methods Musicians at an 8-week long intensive summer festival were randomized to an intervention (workshop) or control group. Workshop attendees participated in a 90-minute session of injury prevention strategies. Musculoskeletal outcome data were collected at the start and end of the festival. Outcomes included presence of musculoskeletal pain, adherence level, and sub-scales of the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians. Results A total of 57 musician-students (ages 17-30, 23 females) participated in the study, and 48(84%) completed the study. Seventy-five percent of workshop participants reported adherence over 8 weeks. At baseline, 84% of participants reported a history of playing-related pain, and 47% recent or current pain. Participants played a range of instruments (50% string, 34% piano, 16% woodwind/brass). At baseline, average weekly reported playing time was 39 hours (±11). At follow-up, reported pain decreased by 32% in the intervention group and increased by 8% in controls (P Conclusions The high compliance and willingness to participate suggests that injury prevention education implementation is feasible. Our preliminary findings suggest a positive effect on pain incidence and pain interference in the intervention group. Future studies will examine the relationship between adherence levels and injury rates in a larger cohort and identify obstacles to implementation.
Flowing Down Bengawan Solo: An Interdisciplinary Lesson Model on Music and Rivers:

Music cannot be separated from its historical, geographical, and cultural context; therefore, it is important that students be taught music from a variety of genres, cultures, and historical period...
What the reimagination of Breonna Taylor’s (after)life reveals

The fight for Justice for Breonna Taylor continues as she haunts national, local, and academic imaginaries, reminding us that gendered Black death and exclusion is still a critical component of Dem...
Modeling of pre-transplantation liver viability with spatial-temporal smooth variable selection.

Abstract Background and objective Liver viability assessment plays a critical role in liver transplantation, and the accuracy of the assessment directly determines the success of the transplantation surgery and patient's outcomes. With various factors that affect liver viability, including pre-existing medical conditions of donors, the procurement process, and preservation conditions, liver viability assessment is typically subjective, invasive or inconsistent in results among different surgeons and pathologists. Motivated by these challenges, we aimed to create a non-invasive statistical model utilizing spatial-temporal infrared image (IR) data to predict the binary liver viability (acceptable/unacceptable) during the preservation. Methods The spatial-temporal features of liver surface temperature, monitored by IR thermography, are significantly correlated with the liver viability. A spatial-temporal smooth variable selection (STSVS) method is proposed to define the smoothness of model parameters corresponding to different liver surface regions at different times. Results A case study, using porcine livers, has been performed to validate the efficacy of the STSVS method. The comparison results show that STSVS has the better overall prediction performance compared to the past state-of-the-art predictive models, including generalized linear model (GLM), support vector machine (SVM), LASSO, and Fused LASSO. Moreover, the significant predictors identified by the STSVS method indicate the importance of edges of lobes in predicting liver viability during the pre-transplantation preservation. Conclusions The proposed method has the best performance in predicting liver viability. This ‘real-time’ prediction method may increase the utilization of donors’ livers without damaging tissues and time-consuming, yet imprecise feature assessment.
Pediatric cardiovascular disease and stroke

Congenital heart disease is among the most common birth defects encountered. Stroke may occur as a consequence of the underlying heart defect itself, or secondary to life-saving cardiothoracic surgical procedures. Advancements in surgical techniques and improved survival require a new assessment of the epidemiology, risk factors, prevention and treatment options of stroke in the pediatric population. In this review, we discuss the most common associations between cardiothoracic interventions and stroke and review evaluation and treatment options.
Recurrent gastric ulcer with spontaneous gastrojejunal and gastrocolic fistulas. Report of a case.

Summary A case is reported in which a greater curvature gastric ulcer complicated by gastroj ej unal and gastrocolic fistulas developed in a patient receiving aspirin and continuous adrenal cortical steroid therapy for 9 years. The pertinent data on the 6 previously reported gastroj ej unal fistulas are summarized.
Neuroimaging and Clinical Features in Late Onset Alexander Disease (S31.005)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the imaging and clinical features of late onset Alexander disease (AxD). BACKGROUND: AxD is a leukodystrophy caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein. Given the paucity of neuroimaging data in late onset AxD, we examined MRI findings in 13 cases. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively identified all cases of late onset AxD evaluated at Mayo Clinic, Rochester from January 1996 to February 2012. Clinical and neuroimaging data abstracted from the record included age at onset of symptoms, age at diagnosis, first symptom, neurological symptoms, physical/neurological findings on examination, genetic testing and/or biopsy (if performed), and MRI findings. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with late onset AxD were identified. Median age of onset was 38 (range: 12-63). Five patients were female. 12/13 patients had atrophy of the medulla while all 13 had medullary T2 hyperintensity. In seven, these brainstem regions showed patchy enhancement. Five subjects had T2-signal change in the middle cerebellar peduncle with associated contrast enhancement in 4. 11/12 with T2 FLAIR imaging had pial FLAIR signal change in the medulla. 8/12 patients with spinal cord imaging had cord atrophy, and 3 of 9 of these evaluated with contrast had cervical cord enhancement. 1/13 had palatal tremor. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms prior reports of atrophy and signal change of the medulla and spinal cord in late onset AxD. We expand on previous imaging studies by identifying middle cerebellar peduncle and pial FLAIR signal change as important diagnostic clues. Variable patchy enhancement may occur in regions of T2 hyperintensity, leading to diagnostic uncertainty. In addition, we demonstrate that previously emphasized clinical features such as palatal tremor may not be common. We affirm that age of onset predicts clinical phenotype and imaging findings. Study Supported by: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Graff-Radford has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schwartz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gavrilova has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lachance has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kumar has nothing to disclose.
Fluorescence immunoassay for detecting periodontal bacterial pathogens in plaque.

A particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay has been modified into a bacterial concentration fluorescence immunoassay (BCFIA) to rapidly detect periodontopathic bacteria in human plaque samples. The BCFIA utilizes fluorescently tagged monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the lipopolysaccharide of selected gram-negative plaque bacteria. Microorganisms closely associated with periodontal disease that can be identified in plaque with the BCFIA include Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Eikenella corrodens. Briefly, the procedure involved mixing a patient9s plaque sample or other bacterial preparation with a species-specific fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled MAb in a specialized microtiter plate. This mixture was incubated to allow binding of the MAb to its homologous bacteria. The bound and unbound fluorescent tagged MAbs were separated by filtration in the modified microtiter plate, and the total bacterial bound fluorescence was determined with a fluorimeter. The number of a specific bacterial species in a given plaque sample or other bacterial suspension was estimated by reference to a primary standard carried through the BCFIA. The lower detection limit of the BCFIA was 10(3) to 10(4) bacterial cells from single cultures of bacteria or 10(4) bacterial cells in mixed cultures. The coefficient of variation within and between plates for each of the five bacterium-specific MAbs in screening plaque for the periodontal pathogens was less than 10%. These results demonstrate that microbes in plaque can be used as the solid phase in the BCFIA to detect and quantitate MAbs associated with specific bacteria quickly and reliably.
Weight loss alone does not fully resolve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis markers in western diet fed Ldlr-/- mice: a pilot study (1116.5)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in >80% of obese adults and >60% of type 2 diabetic patients. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is characterize...
Chapter 53 – Dermatology

This chapter discusses antibody- and cell-mediated immunity in dermatology. The etiology and pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory dermatologic diseases are not yet fully understood and therapeutic approaches remain largely symptomatic. Prominent examples include atopic eczema, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, vasculitis, tumors of skin homing lymphocytes, and melanoma. The major skin cancer subtypes include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Innate immunity is a first line of defense to many exogenous and endogenous danger signals, while adaptive immunity, arising in the setting of chronic inflammation, is associated with primarily an antigen-specific response. The chapter focuses on measuring adaptive immunity, which is capable of recognizing stressed cells through B and T cell receptors. Both antibody and cell-mediated immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of many dermatologic conditions. Immunofluorescence testing and assessment of cell-mediated immunity are described in brief. Functional assessment of antigen-specific cellular immunity is presented.
Electrically injected quantum dot bottom-emitting photonic crystal single mode microcavity light source

The authors present here the characteristics of an electrically injected single defect (or larger) photonic crystal microcavity device with quantum dot active region that exhibits single-mode behaviour in the output spectra. The devices are mechanically robust and the design minimizes thermal instabilities
Donor Deficiency of Decay-Accelerating Factor Accelerates Murine T Cell-Mediated Cardiac Allograft Rejection

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a cell surface regulator that accelerates the dissociation of C3/C5 convertases and thereby prevents the amplification of complement activation on self cells. In the context of transplantation, DAF has been thought to primarily regulate antibody-mediated allograft injury, which is in part serum complement-dependent. Based on our previously delineated link between DAF and CD4 T cell responses, we evaluated the effects of donor Daf1 (the murine homolog of human DAF) deficiency on CD8 T cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection. MHC-disparate Daf1(-/-) allografts were rejected with accelerated kinetics compared with wild-type grafts. The accelerated rejection predominantly tracked with DAF's absence on bone marrow-derived cells in the graft and required allograft production of C3. Transplantation of Daf1(-/-) hearts into wild-type allogeneic hosts augmented the strength of the anti-donor (direct pathway) T cell response, in part through complement-dependent proliferative and pro-survival effects on alloreactive CD8 T cells. The accelerated allograft rejection of Daf1(-/-) hearts occurred in recipients lacking anti-donor Abs. The results reveal that donor DAF expression, by controlling local complement activation on interacting T cell APC partners, regulates the strength of the direct alloreactive CD8(+) T cell response. The findings provide new insights into links between innate and adaptive immunity that could be exploited to limit T cell-mediated injury to an allograft following transplantation.