cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced ionic conductivity in electroceramics by nanoscale enrichment of grain boundaries with high solute concentration

The enhancement of oxygen ionic conductivity by over two orders of magnitude in an electroceramic oxide is explicitly shown to result from nanoscale enrichment of a grain boundary layer or complexion with high solute concentration. A series of CaxCe1-xO2-δ polycrystalline oxides with fluorite structure and varying nominal Ca2+ solute concentration elucidates how local grain boundary composition, rather than structural grain boundary character, primarily regulates ionic conductivity. A correlation between high grain boundary solute concentration above ∼40 mol%, and four orders of magnitude increase in grain boundary conductivity is explicitly shown. A correlated experimental approach provides unique insights into fundamental grain boundary science, and highlights how novel aspects of nanoscale grain boundary design may be employed to control ion transport properties in electroceramics.
A Method for Implementing Force-Limited Vibration Control

NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC) has implemented force-limited vibration control on a controller which can only accept one profile. The method uses a personal computer-based digital signal processing board to convert force and/or moment signals into what appears to be an acceleration signal to the controller. This technique allows test centers with older controllers to use the latest force-limited control techniques for random vibration testing. The paper describes the method, hardware, and test procedures used. An example from a test performed at NASA/GSFC is used as a guide.
Adaptation of human tumor cells to tirapazamine under aerobic conditions: Implications of increased antioxidant enzyme activity to mechanism of aerobic cytotoxicity

Tirapazamine (TPZ, 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide, SR 4233, WIN 59075) is a bioreductive antitumor agent with a high selective toxicity for hypoxic cells. The selective hypoxic toxicity of TPZ results from the rapid reoxidation of the one-electron reduction product, the TPZ radical, in the presence of molecular oxygen with the concomitant production of superoxide radical. Under hypoxia the TPZ radical kills cells by causing DNA double-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations. However, the mechanism of aerobic cytotoxicity is still a matter of debate. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of aerobic cytotoxicity by adapting human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells to aerobic TPZ exposure and characterizing the changes associated with drug resistance. The adapted cells were resistant to aerobic TPZ exposures (with dose-modifying factors of up to 9.2), although hypoxic sensitivity was largely unchanged. Relative to the parental A549 cell line, adaptation to continuous aerobic TPZ exposure resulted in increased levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (up to 9.4-fold), moderate increases in glutathione reductase (up to 2.1-fold), and loss of both quinone oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase) activity and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase activity. There was essentially no change in the activity of the cytoplasmic form of superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. The increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the resistant cell lines (in particular MnSOD) strongly suggests that reactive oxygen species are, in large part, responsible for the toxicity of TPZ under aerobic conditions, and is consistent with aerobic and hypoxic drug cytotoxicity resulting from different mechanisms.
Compulsive Sexual Behavior in Humans and Preclinical Models

Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is widely regarded as a “behavioral addiction,” and is a major threat to quality of life and both physical and mental health. However, CSB has been slow to be recognized clinically as a diagnosable disorder. CSB is co-morbid with affective disorders as well as substance use disorders, and recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated shared or overlapping neural pathologies disorders, especially in brain regions controlling motivational salience and inhibitory control. Clinical neuroimaging studies are reviewed that have identified structural and/or function changes in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum, and thalamus in individuals suffering from CSB. A preclinical model to study the neural underpinnings of CSB in male rats is discussed consisting of a conditioned aversion procedure to examine seeking of sexual behavior despite known negative consequences. Using this preclinical model, a role of the medial prefrontal cortex was identified, including neural plasticity during comorbidity of CSB and psychostimulant abuse. This review summarizes recent human behavioral and neuroimaging studies, in addition to preclinical models that can be used to study the underlying neurobiology of CSB.
Framework for Data Driven Health Monitoring of Cyber-Physical Systems

Modern infrastructure is heavily reliant on systems with interconnected computational and physical resources, named Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). Hence, building resilient CPSs is a prime need and continuous monitoring of the CPS operational health is essential for improving resilience. This paper presents a framework for calculating and monitoring of health in CPSs using data driven techniques. The main advantages of this data driven methodology is that the ability of leveraging heterogeneous data streams that are available from the CPSs and the ability of performing the monitoring with minimal a priori domain knowledge. The main objective of the framework is to warn the operators of any degradation in cyber, physical or overall health of the CPS. The framework consists of four components: 1) Data acquisition and feature extraction, 2) state identification and real time state estimation, 3) cyber-physical health calculation and 4) operator warning generation. Further, this paper presents an initial implementation of the first three phases of the framework on a CPS testbed involving a Microgrid simulation and a cyber-network which connects the grid with its controller. The feature extraction method and the use of unsupervised learning algorithms are discussed. Experimental results are presented for the first two phases and the results showed that the data reflected different operating states and visualization techniques can be used to extract the relationships in data features.
Quality of Service Optimization for Vehicular Edge Computing with Solar-Powered Road Side Units

This paper shows the viability of Solar-powered Road Side Units (SRSU), consisting of small cell base stations and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) servers, and powered solely by solar panels with battery, to provide connected vehicles with a low- latency, easy-to-deploy and energy-efficient communication and edge computing infrastructure. However, SRSU may entail a high risk of power deficiency, leading to severe Quality of Service (QoS) loss due to spatial and temporal fluctuation of solar power generation. Meanwhile, the data traffic demand also varies with space and time. The mismatch between solar power generation and SRSU power consumption makes optimal use of solar power challenging. In this paper, we model the above problem with three sub-problems, the SRSU power consumption minimization problem, the temporal energy balancing problem and spatial energy balancing problem. Three algorithms are proposed to solve the above sub-problems, and they together provide a complete joint battery charging and user association control algorithm to minimize the QoS loss under delay constraint of the computing tasks. Results with a simulated urban environment using actual solar irradiance and vehicular traffic data demonstrates that the proposed solution reduces the QoS loss significantly compared to greedy approaches.
Comparative effectiveness of rapid-cycle ultraviolet decontamination to chemical decontamination on high-touch communication devices

Background This quantitative, comparative-descriptive study of inpatient units in a large military medical center was designed to compare the effectiveness of compact ultraviolet (UV-C) decontamination to standard chemical decontamination in reducing the microbial burden on Vocera (San Jose, CA) communication devices and to characterize changes in staff cleaning practices following UV-C device implementation. Methods Aerobic and anaerobic swabs were used to collect microbial samples from Vocera devices (n = 60) before and after chemical decontamination (first sampling) and before and after UV decontamination (second sampling). Cleaning behaviors were assessed by observation and oral inquiry during the baseline sampling and surveyed 8 weeks after UV-C device implementation. Outcomes included aerobic and anaerobic colony-forming units and prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, or Clostridium difficile, as determined by standard microbiological methods. Results No differences were found between the two cleaning methods in their ability to reduce aerobic bacteria; however, UV-C was significantly more effective at reducing bacteria grown anaerobically (P Conclusions After implementation, UV-C decontamination reduced average cleaning time by 43% and increased the rate of daily Vocera cleaning to 86.5%. Respondents reported an overall 98% user satisfaction with the UV-C device.
Stem Length and Neck Resection on Fixation Strength of Press-Fit Radial Head Prosthesis: An In Vitro Model

Purpose Various radial head prosthesis designs are currently in use. Few studies compare different prosthetic designs. We hypothesized that increasing a cementless implant stem’s length would reduce stem–bone micromotion, with both short and long neck cuts. We also hypothesized that a minimum stem length might be required for the initial fixation strength of a press-fit implant. Methods In 16 fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows (8 pairs), the radial head and neck were cut either 10 or 21 mm below the top of the head. Modular cementless stems were inserted and sequentially lengthened in 5-mm increments. Micromotion under eccentric loading was tested after each incremental change. Results Incremental lengthening of the prosthetic stem and the amount of neck resection (10-mm cut vs 21-mm cut) both had a significant effect on micromotion. After a 10-mm radial head–neck resection, we observed a significant decrease in micromotion with stem lengths of 25 mm or greater, whereas with 21 mm of neck resection there was no further reduction in micromotion with increased stem length. These differences can be explained, at least in part, by the concept of the cantilever quotient: the ratio of the head–neck length outside the bone to the total length of the implant. Conclusions The length of the stem affects the initial stability of press-fit radial head prostheses when the level of head and neck resection is at the minimum (ie, 10 mm) for currently available prosthetic designs. At this resection level, stems 25 mm or greater had significantly higher initial stability, but all stem lengths tested had mean micromotion values within the threshold for bone ingrowth. Clinical relevance The length of a radial head prosthetic stem affects the initial stability of press-fit radial head prostheses when the level of head and neck resection is at the minimum (ie, 10 mm) for currently available prosthetic designs.
Topological optimization of variable area plate capacitors for coupled electromechanical energy harvesters

This article examines how topological optimization can be applied to identify nonintuitive capacitor plate patterning that maximizes average power dissipated through an electrical circuit during en...
Rethink of EGFR in Cancer with Its Kinase Independent Function on Board

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of most potent oncogenes that are commonly altered in cancers. As a receptor tyrosine kinase, EGFR's kinase activity has been serving as the primary target for developing cancer therapeutics, namely the EGFR inhibitors including small molecules targeting its ATP binding pocket and monoclonal antibodies targeting its ligand binding domains. EGFR inhibitors have produced impressive therapeutic benefits to responsive types of cancers. However, acquired and innate resistances have precluded current anti-EGFR agents from offering sustainable benefits to initially responsive cancers and benefits to EGFR-positive cancers that are innately resistant. Recent years have witnessed a realization that EGFR possesses kinase-independent (KID) pro-survival functions in cancer cells. This new knowledge has offered a different angle of understanding of EGFR in cancer and opened a new avenue of targeting EGFR for cancer therapy. There are already many excellent reviews on the role of EGFR with a focus on its kinase-dependent functions and mechanisms of resistance to EGFR targeted therapies. The present opinion aims to initiate a fresh discussion about the function of EGFR in cancer cells by laying out some unanswered questions pertaining to EGFR in cancer cells, by rethinking the unmet therapeutic challenges from a view of EGFR's KID function, and by proposing novel approaches to target the KID functions of EGFR for cancer treatment.
Republished: United States Registered Nurse Workforce Report Card and Shortage Forecast*:

Registered nurses (RNs) play a critical role in health care delivery. With an aging US population, health care demand is growing at an unprecedented pace. Using projected changes in population size...
A Political Economic Model of Homeless Services

Despite attempts to end homelessness in the United States occurring over the past 10 years, homelessness has only been reduced by about 10%. This article introduces a theoretical model for why some...
Pyrroloindoles. 18. An Unexpected Chlorination Reaction During the Synthesis of 2,7-Diethoxycarbonyl-1H,8H-pyrrolo[3,2-g]indole

During the E. Fischer type synthesis of 2,7-diethoxycarbonyl-1H,8H-pyrrolo[3,2-g]indole there was discovered an unusual chlorination reaction of the benzene ring in 7-amino-2-ethoxycarbonylindole. It is suggested that the reaction occurs via an electrophilic substitution mechanism.
Association of Deceased Donor Acute Kidney Injury With Recipient Graft Survival.

Importance The shortage of deceased donor kidneys for transplants is an ongoing concern. Prior studies support transplanting kidneys from deceased donors with acute kidney injury (AKI), but those investigations have been subject to selection bias and small sample sizes. Current allocation practices of AKI kidneys in the United States are not well characterized. Objectives To evaluate the association of deceased donor AKI with recipient graft survival and to characterize recovery and discard practices for AKI kidneys by organ procurement organizations. Design, Setting, and Participants Registry-based, propensity score–matched cohort study from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013, in the United States. The dates of analysis were March 1 to November 1, 2019. From 2010 to 2013, a total of 6832 deceased donors with AKI and 15 310 deceased donors without AKI had at least 1 kidney transplanted. This study used a 1:1, propensity score–matched analysis to match deceased donors with AKI to deceased donors without AKI and investigated outcomes in their corresponding kidney recipients. Exposure Deceased donor AKI, defined as at least 50% or 0.3-mg/dL increase in terminal serum creatinine level from admission. Main Outcomes and Measures Recipients were assessed for the time to death-censored graft failure and the following secondary outcomes: delayed graft function, primary nonfunction, and the time to all-cause graft failure. Results Ninety-eight percent (6722 of 6832) of deceased donors with AKI were matched to deceased donors without AKI. The mean (SD) age of the 13 444 deceased donors was 40.4 (14.4) years, and 63% (8529 of 13 444) were male. A total of 25 323 recipients were analyzed (15 485 [61%] were male), and their mean (SD) age was 52.0 (14.7) years. Recipients were followed up for a median of 5 (interquartile range, 4-6) years. Deceased donor AKI status had no association with death-censored graft failure (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.95-1.08) or all-cause graft failure (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.02). The results were consistent after examining by AKI stage and adjusting for recipient and transplant characteristics. More recipients of AKI kidneys developed delayed graft function (29% vs 22%,P Conclusions and Relevance Deceased donor AKI kidneys transplanted in the study period had recipient graft survival comparable to that of non-AKI kidneys. This study’s findings suggest that the transplant community should evaluate whether currently discarded AKI kidneys from donors without substantial comorbidities can be used more effectively.
The Student Who Brings an Animal to Class

A nurse practitioner student brings a dog to class. The student describes the dog as a volunteer therapy dog that visits people in the hospital. The student’s classmates and faculty are happy to have the dog in class. The Assistant Dean is uncertain whether the animal might be prohibited by the no pets policy.
Logarithmic Axis Graphs Distort Lay Judgment

COVID-19 data is often presented using graphs with either a linear or logarithmic scale. Given the importance of this information, understanding how choice of scale changes interpretations is critical. To test this, we presented laypeople with the same data plotted using differing scales. We found that graphs with a logarithmic, as opposed to linear, scale resulted in laypeople making less accurate predictions of growth, viewing COVID-19 as less dangerous, and expressing both less support for policy interventions and less intention to take personal actions to combat COVID-19. Education reduces, but does not eliminate these effects. These results suggest that public communications should use logarithmic graphs only when necessary, and such graphs should be presented alongside education and linear graphs of the same data whenever possible.
Intelligent Health Monitoring System Hardware Design for Paralleled Devices with Fast Dv/dt Output

With the increasing power rating of wide bandgap (WBG) devices in parallel, the system reliability encounters unprecedented challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods could be introduced to monitor device health conditions and realize intelligent control for each device. In this paper, an intelligent health monitoring system is designed for the future AI implementation for paralleled devices with a fast dv/dt output. The detailed system circuitry and layout are discussed. The proposed system consists of monitoring and control functions. For the monitoring function, a measurement board is designed to capture the device temperature, turn on and turn off drain-to-source voltage, drain-to-source current. For the control function, a gate drive board is shown with the ability to select various gate voltage and gate resistance based on the control signals. Experimental verifications are provided at the end.
A Note about Feminism

Because this feminist book is written, in part, for those who do not necessarily identify themselves as feminists, I want to clarify what the term—often misused and abused—really means. In chapter 1, I break down the definition with more depth, but in brief, as bell hooks writes, feminism is ‘a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression.’ 1 Feminism is not a movement about excluding men but rather about equality for all. Sara Ahmed aptly notes that ‘to live a feminist life is to make everything into something that is questionable.’ 2 As such, this book is meant to call everything into question and challenge our understanding of play as it relates to larger inequalities.
Sur une classe de formes biquadratiques semi-definies positives

Continuing the study of positive semidefinite biquadratic forms on Rm × Rn ([1], [9] and [10]), we characterize those among them that are the sum of squares of bilinear forms.
Colorimetric Analysis for Protein of Hydra

To determine the amount of protein in samples of hydra tissues from as few as three to five animals.
SU-E-I-17: Evaluation of Commercially Available Extension Plates for the ACR CT Accreditation Phantom

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of commercially available extension plates on Hounsfield Unit (HU) values in the ACR CT accreditation phantom (Model 464, Gammex Inc., Middleton, Wi). The extension plates are intended to improve water HU values in scanners where the traditional solution involves scanning the phantom with an adjacent water or CTDI phantom. Methods: The Model 464 phantom was scanned on 9 different CT scanners at 8 separate sites representing 16 and 64 slice MDCT technology from four CT manufacturers. The phantom was scanned with and without the extension plates (Gammex 464 EXTPLT-KIT) in helical and axial modes. A water phantom was also scanned to verify water HU calibration. Technique was 120 kV tube potential, 350 mAs, and 210 mm display field of view. Slice thickness and reconstruction algorithm were based on site clinical protocols. The widest available beam collimation was used. Regions of interest were drawn on the HU test objects in Module 1 of the phantom and mean values recorded. Results: For all axial mode scans, water HU values were within limits with or without the extension plates. For two scanners (both Lightspeed VCT, GE Medical Systems, Waukesha WI), axial mode bone HU values were above themore » specified range both with and without the extension plates though they were closer to the specified range with the plates installed. In helical scan mode, two scanners (both GE Lightspeed VCT) had water HU values above the specified range without the plates installed. With the plates installed, the water HU values were within range for all scanners in all scan modes. Conclusion: Using the plates, the Lightspeed VCT scanners passed the water HU test when scanning in helical mode. The benefit of the extension plates was evident in helical mode scanning with GE scanners using a nominal 4 cm beam. Disclosure: The extension plates evaluated in this work were provided free of charge to the authors. The authors have no other financial interest in Gammex Inc.« less
Methods for Measuring Cysteine S‐Conjugate β‐Lyase Activity

The cysteine conjugate β-lyase represents activities in cytoplasm and mitochondria catalyzed by at least eleven pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes in various tissues. These enzymes mediate bioactivation of cysteine S-conjugates of several haloalkanes and haloalkenes. The reaction occurs through either a direct β-elimination or a transamination followed by a retro-Michael rearrangement, resulting in the cleavage of a C–S bond. The resultant product is a reactive thiolate that rearranges to form thioacylating species. This unit presents several protocols for the assay of β-lyase activity and includes measurements of product formation and substrate loss as well as fluorescent activity stains. Support protocols describe the synthesis and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of selected cysteine S-conjugates. Because of the diversity of enzymes that can catalyze a β-lyase reaction, each of the assays presented here may indicate only a portion of the potential β-lyase activity in a given biological preparation. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 34:6.13.1-6.13.22. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: glutathione conjugation pathway; cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase; β-elimination; transamination; aminotransferases; glutamine transaminase K; kynureninase; reactive thiolate; pyruvate; spectrophotometric assays; HPLC assays
Simulation and process flow of radiation sensors based on chalcogenide glasses for in situ measurement capability

In this work we present data about electronic devices based on a planar structure; inert electrode/nanophase chalcogenide glass/inert electrode in close proximity with a source of silver (Ag) oriented laterally over the chalcogenide glass film. The conductivity of the devices changes with radiation and it can be measured by contacting the two inert electrodes. Spacing of the electrodes was chosen after an in-depth investigation into the electric field (E-field) and E-field energy displacement simulations with the aid of COMSOL multi-physics software. Simulations have been used to enlighten a specific device structure to perform in situ measurements. Bias voltages, inert electrode material and thickness of the films were used as standards for all different types of simulations while only varying the spacing and the geometries to affect the E-fields. It has been established from the experimental results that a 1 V bias is the most appropriate for the device performance and this is the voltage used in the simulations. The key motivation for this research is to find appropriate dimensions and geometry, which do not cause a change in conduction as a direct result of the applied E-field, but rather effectively contribute to the establishment of only the radiation induced change of the device conductivity. The process flow for the device fabrication is described and data from the device performance are presented as well. The radiation induced Ag doping is mapped in the device volume using electron dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The RS CVn Binaries and Binaries with Similar Properties

This paper will review reasonably thoroughly and comprehensively the many observational properties of the remarkable RS CVn-type binaries. In addition this paper will show that many of these same properties are observed in other types of binary systems.
Halides Of The Actinide Elements

Publisher Summary The binary halides of the actinide elements constitute a most important class of compounds. The actinide elements themselves are, of course, vital to all currently practical means for releasing nuclear energy, and the halides of these elements are leading protagonists in nuclear technology. As is the case for other groups of elements in the Periodic Table, the halides are particularly convenient for many kinds of scientific investigations and correlations. Much of what is now known of the electron configuration of the actinide elements, for example, has been learned by experiments with halides. A recapitulation and reassessment of the halides of the actinide elements in the light of recent developments thus becomes appropriate. The present review will be confined to the solid binary halides and principal attention will be focused on the developments, which have occurred since the subject was last reviewed. For an interesting and authoritative review of the entire subject of the actinide elements, the recent account of G. T. Seaborg can be warmly recommended.
Optimal location of controls for an acoustic problem

Investigates the optimal location of controllers to achieve reduction of noise field in an acoustic cavity. The author first formulates a linear quadratic tracking problem in a Hilbert space, and then considers the problem of optimization of an appropriate performance criterion with respect to the location of the controls. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the author's theoretical results.
Virtual Fixtures for Robotic Cardiac Surgery

We are developing virtual fixtures for the internal mammary artery (IMA) harvest portion of robot-assisted coronary artery bypass graft procedures. A preoperative CT scan will be processed to define the location of the IMA. In surgery, the patient's anatomy will be registered to the image data, then a virtual fixture will constrain the instrument's motions, as commanded by the surgeon, to appropriate paths adjacent to the artery. As a preliminary test, a virtual wall is implemented on a commercial surgical robot system. Results from a dissection task show that execution is faster and more precise than with conventional freehand techniques.
Mixed-Method Research on Learning Vocabulary through Technology Reveals Vocabulary Growth in Second-Grade Students

A mixed-method embedded research design was employed to investigate the effectiveness of the integration of technology for second-grade students' vocabulary development and learning. Two second-grade classes with a total of 40 students (21 boys and 19 girls) were randomly selected to participate in this study for the course of a semester. One class was an experimental group and the other was a control group. The experimental group was found to be more engaged in class activities and showed significant improvement on the posttest, while the control group showed no change between the pretest and the posttest.
Some factors affecting infestation of strawberry fields by the black vine weevil in western Washington.

Summer adults of Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) emerged from May 31–June 21, 1976, and began oviposition 7 wk later. Oviposition was greatest in early Aug. Egg viability was low initially but increased after the 2nd wk of ovi position. During winter, 1975–76, 42.5% of adults observed survived outdoors. They began oviposition Apr. 26, 1976, and produced more eggs than the summer adults. Oviposition ceased by Sept. 1 for both overwintered and summer adults. Adults deposited eggs on or in the soil to depths of 5 cm. Most were placed under the strawberry foliage. Eggs buried in the soil were more likely to result in mature larvae than those deposited on the surface. When plants were artificially infested with eggs or 1st instars, only a small percentage was recovered as mature larvae. At best, only 3.7% were recovered from eggs buried 2.5 cm deep. Eggs and larvae placed on the soil surface had poor survival. The practice of mowing off strawberry fields after harvest may help reduce weevil populations. In 1975 and 1976, 60% of adults died after the foliage was mowed off and removed as compared to 0–12% mortality in unmowed plots.
Evidence of heterogeneous remodeling in canine atrial fibrillation.

Although electrophysiologic changes occur during atrial remodeling, little is known how remodeling affects atrial fibrillation (AF) organization. We hypothesized that, in animals with long-term rapid atrial rates and a rapid ventricular response, AF would be more disorganized than in animals with rapid atrial rates only. In 8 dogs, chronic AF was created by 6 weeks of continuous rapid atrial pacing. In this group, the ventricular response to AF was spontaneous and unaltered. Twenty-one epochs of AF were epicardially mapped from the right and left atria. In 6 dogs, chronic AF was also created with rapid atrial pacing, however, the AV node was ablated and the ventricles were VVI paced at 80 BPM. Only 1 epoch of AF per dog was mapped. Atrial cycle length (CL) and spatial organization were compared. In chronic AF with a spontaneous ventricular rate, left atrial CL (96±14 ms) averaged 24 ms shorter than right atrial CL (121±18 ms) (P<0001). With VVI pacing, AFCL was longer than in the dogs with the spontaneous ventricular rate. However, the left atrial CL (109±30 ms) was still significantly shorter than the right atrial CL (145±43 ms) (P<.001). Spatial organization values showed that during chronic AF with a spontaneous ventricular rate, the left atrium is more disorganized (2593±497) than the right atrium (2052±732) (P<.0001). With VVI pacing, the left atrium (2202±597) is still more disorganized than the right (1620±936) (P<.05). However, with VVI pacing, both atria appear less disorganized than dogs with VVI pacing. Atrial remodeling caused by heart failure that is superimposed on the remodeling due to rapid atrial rates causes the atria to be more disorganized than remodeling due to rapid atrial rates alone. However, in either case the left atrium is faster and more disorganized than the right atrium. Atrial fibrosis caused by the heart failure may increase the disorganization of AF activation
Electrical Stimulation of Fabric Filtration Part VII: Studies of Simplified Electrode Design'

Further progress in developing techniques for electric stimulation of fabric filtration (ESFF) will require that baghouse users participate in testing the concept and providing valuable feedback from full-scale operation experience. Participation is more likely if the ESFF system is simple, relatively inexpensive, and easy to maintain. The original one-bag laboratory baghouse developed at TRI consisted of a bag fitted with alternate live and ground wires spaced an inch apart. An approach to simpler systems has taken the form of a charged axial electrode (or "axode") with all bag electrodes grounded. The work described here centers on further simplification and optimization of this arrangement, studying the effect of axode diameter and number of grounded wires in the bag, including a system requiring no bag wires.
Foliar retention of 15N-nitrate and 15N-ammonium by red maple (Acer rubrum) and white oak (Quercus alba) leaves from simulated rain.

Abstract Studies of nitrogen cycling in forests indicate that trees assimilate atmospheric nitrate and ammonium and that differences between atmospheric deposition to the forest canopy and deposition measured in forest throughfall can be attributed to the removal of these ions from rain by tree leaves. Red maple and white oak leaves were exposed to artificial rain solutions (pH 4.1) containing 15N-labeled nitrate (3.5 μg N/ml) or ammonium (2.2 μg N/ml). At two time intervals after exposure (2 hr and 2 days) an exposed leaf and a control (non-exposed) leaf were removed from replicate seedlings. Based on results from 15N analysis, most of the nitrate applied to tree leaves was removed by washing with water; the mean per cent removal (± standard error, N = 4) was 87 ± 1 and 73 ± 4% of the 15NO-N Applied to red maple and white oak leaves, respectively. Relative retention of 15NH4-N by the leaves was greater than that observed for 15NO3-N. In red maple and white oak leaves, 58 ± 9 and 84 ± 7% (mean ± standard error, N = 4), respectively, of the applied ammonium was not removed by washing treatments. Our results show that the foliar uptake of 15NH4+ from simulated rain by deciduous tree leaves is greater than that for 15NO3−. Greater retention of NH4+ than NO3− ions by red maple and white oak leaves from simulated rainfall is consistent with field observations showing a preferential retention of ammonium from rainfall by forest canopies. As nitrogen chemistry and the relative importance of nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere change in response to proposed emission reductions (and possibly climate change), an improved understanding of the fate of airborne nitrogen compounds in forest biogeochemical cycles will be necessary.
Late phasing homogeneous charge compression ignition cycle-to-cycle combustion timing control with fuel quantity input

Late-phasing homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) operating conditions have the potential to expand the useful operating range of HCCI. However, these conditions exhibit significant variation in combustion timing and work output from one cycle to the next. Cyclic variations in the combustion timing of HCCI combustion at late-phasing operating conditions can be removed through the use of cycle-to-cycle control of fuel injection quantity. A nonlinear, discrete-time model of the recompression HCCI process captures the oscillations in late-phasing HCCI; when this model is linearized, it represents these dynamics as a pole on the negative real-axis. A simple lag compensator eliminates the oscillations in combustion phasing and drastically improves the operability of late-phasing HCCI in both simulation and experiment.
Buoyant downward diffusion flame spread and extinction in partial-gravity accelerations

This paper describes experimental observations of downward, opposed-flow flame spreading made underpartial-gravity conditions aboard NASA research aircraft. Special apparatus and techniques for these tests are described, including schlieren imaging of dim near-limit flames. Flame-spreading and flammability limit behaviors of a thin cellulosic fuel, 1×10 −3 g/cm 2 tested at 1 atm of pressure in oxygen/nitrogen mixtures of 13–21% oxygen by volume, are described for effective acceleration levels ranging from 0.05 to 0.6 times normal earth gravity (1 g ). Downward-burning flammability increases in partial gravity, with the limiting oxygen fraction falling from 15.6% oxygen in 1 g to 13–14% oxygen in 0.05–0.1 g . Flame-spread rates are shown to peak in partial gravity, increasing by 20% over the 1- g value in air (21% oxygen). Partial-gravity flame-spreading results, corrected for fuel density and thickness, are consistent with results obtained at acceleration levels above 1 g in a centrifuge. The results compare qualitatively with predictions of flame spreading in buoyant flow by models that include finite-rate chemical kinetics and surface and gas-phase radiative loss mechanisms. A correlation of experimental buoyant downward flame-spread results is introduced that accounts for radiative heat losses using a dimensionless spread rate, V f o , a radiation/conduction number. S R , and the Damkohler number, Da , as parameters. The correlation includes data from 0.05 g to 4.25 g and oxygen/nitrogen mixtures from 14% to 50% oxygen.
‘Of, by, and for are not merely prepositions’: teaching and learning Conflict Resolution for a democratic, global citizenry

Universities that promote a liberal education through creative, cross‐cultural curriculum nurture the goals of democracy and assist students in becoming ‘citizens of the world.’ Democratic education for social justice and global consciousness are necessary tools in the peaceful transformation of today’s violent conflicts, which now supersede national and cultural boundaries. This paper focuses on how a course in Conflict Resolution can assist a student’s development of a democratic global consciousness. The author draws upon her experience as both a graduate student of peace and conflict studies and a professor of Conflict Resolution at a New York City university. Specifically, the article offers a framework for a transdisciplinary conflict resolution education that is cosmopolitan and promotes social justice.
Enhancing International Business Education Through Restructuring Business Schools

Many scholars have found fault with the way business schools conduct their business (Pfeffer & Fong, 2002; Mintzberg, 2004; Bennis & O'Toole, 2005; Andrews & Tyson, 2006). This article argues that B‐schools should overhaul their curriculum and encourage faculty to undertake research which is useful for practitioners. Suggestions are made for reshaping the curriculum and how deans might spearhead the effort to change the course of management education to be relevant in the 21st century.
Pure-silica-zeolite MEL low-k films from nanoparticle suspensions.

Following our previous works on pure-silica-zeolite (PSZ) MFI, in this study we explore PSZ MEL as a new option for low-k dielectric films. Our motivation has been to increase the microporosity of the spin-on films by moving to structures with a framework density (FD) lower than MFI. Nanoparticle PSZ MEL suspensions were synthesized by a two-stage method that allowed the yield of nanocrystals to be significantly enhanced, while the zeolite nanocrystals remain small. For the first time zeolite nanocrystals of about 50 nm were synthesized with a yield as high as 57%. Nanoparticle suspensions with different particle sizes and crystallinities were spun on silicon wafers to prepare continuous thin films. An ultralow-k value as low as 1.5 was obtained with MEL nanoparticle suspension of high relative crystallinity. The surface roughness of the PSZ MEL film with high relative crystallinity is greatly improved (Rrms ∼ 5.6 nm) compared to MFI films with high relative crystallinity (Rrms ∼ 12 nm).
A rare case of WAGR syndrome with Peter anomaly

We report a case of the WAGR syndrome associated with the Peter anomaly. A 6-day-old baby boy was found to have bilateral corneal opacities, 360 degrees of iris hypoplasia and cataracts. Physical examination revealed bilateral undescended testicles. Family history was unremarkable and genetic testing revealed a deletion 11p11.2-13 indicating WAGR syndrome. A Wilms tumor developed and was removed at age 2 years. There was moderate developmental delay. The occurrence of WAGR syndrome with Peter anomaly has been reported in three other patients to our knowledge.
Absorption of Folic Acid and Ascorbic Acid from Nutrient Comparable Beverages

: One hundred percent fruit juices can help consumers increase the nutrient content of the diet since these beverages can be naturally rich in micronutrients. Micronutrient-fortified low-calorie beverages are an important alternative to those wishing to minimize their calorie intakes. However, little is known about the bioavailability of nutrients from fortified beverages relative to 100% fruit juices. The present study examined the bioavailability of ascorbic acid (AA) and folic acid (FA) in 100% orange juice (OJ) and a low-calorie beverage fortified with these nutrients. In a within-subjects, cross-over design, 12 adult men consumed a 591 mL serving of OJ, a low-calorie beverage fortified with AA and FA, and 1% low fat milk. Participants were aged 20 to 35 y, with body mass indexes between 20 and 30 kg/m2. Blood plasma concentrations of AA and serum concentrations of FA were assayed by serial blood draws, made at 30 min intervals for 4.5 h. Blood plasma concentration of AA was significantly greater after ingestion of the fortified beverage compared to after OJ ingestion. However, the bioavailability of AA did not significantly differ from that of OJ. Analyses of FA indicated no significant difference between fortified beverage and OJ. Consumption of both vitamin containing beverages led to higher concentrations of AA and FA than the milk control. This study showed that similar levels of AA and FA bioavailability can be attained through ingestion of 100% OJ and a fortified beverage. Practical Application: A nutrient fortified beverage and a 100% OJ delivered similar amounts of folic acid and AA. However, the fortified beverage contained far fewer calories than the juice. Fortification can provide an effective way to increase the nutrient-to-calorie ratio of the diet.
A Culturally-Specific Dietary Plan To Manage Weight Gain among African American Breast Cancer Survivors: A Feasibility Study.

Background. African American (AA) women are less likely to survive for five years after a breast cancer diagnosis than Caucasian women. The higher prevalence of obesity in AA women may contribute to this disparity. Weight gain following breast cancer treatment is one of the few modifiable risk factors for breast cancer recurrence and mortality. AA breast cancer survivors face unique cultural and economic barriers to adopting diets which reduce the likelihood of weight gain. Objective. To determine the feasibility of adopting and maintaining a culturally-specific low-fat eating plan in a population of low to middle income AA breast cancer survivors. Participants. AA women recruited through urban medical centers who were between 30 to 75 years old, had a confirmed diagnosis of stage 0, I, II, III, or IIIA primary breast cancer, and had incomes Methods. A culturally-specific dietary intervention was developed, based on the Women9s Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS), to reduce consumption of dietary fat to 25% of total calories, while increasing fruits and vegetables.Eligible participants were enrolled in a one-year feasibility study. Participants received the Culturally-Specific WINS Low-Fat Eating Plan (WLEP) and 8 individual nutritional counseling sessions with a trained diet technician, to help reduce and maintain their fat intake to 25% of total calories. The intervention also included bi-monthly educational group meetings and follow-up telephone contacts with diet technicians.Study Measures. Dietary patterns were assessed with 3-day food records at baseline and follow-up. Compliance with the Culturally-Specific WLEP was defined as 1) dietary fat intake ≤ 25% of total calories; and 2) at least 6 to 7 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Psychosocial factors and dietary biomarkers were also measured at baseline and follow-up to examine their association with study outcomes. Psychosocial factors included perceived susceptibility to recurrence, quality of life, and social support. Dietary biomarkers included weight, height, waist-hip circumference, blood pressure, lipids, serum fatty acid concentrations, insulin and insulin-like growth factors, glucose, and levels of sex hormone-binding globulins. Results. A total of 9 AA breast cancer survivors are enrolled and receiving the intervention. Baseline and six-month follow-up results for the psychosocial factors and dietary biomarkers associated with dietary compliance and weight maintenance will be reported in October 2009. Conclusions. A population of low to middle income AA breast cancer survivors with limited education and resources demonstrated compliance with the Culturally-Specific WLEP, thereby reducing their risk of cancer recurrence through diet. Procedures and data from this feasibility study will be used in a multi-center clinical trial of the Culturally-Specific WLEP. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1053.
Suppression of growth by dietary fish oil of human breast carcinomas maintained in three different strains of immune‐deficient mice

Abstract It has been reported that high levels of dietary fish (menhaden) oil, compared with corn oil, suppress the growth of MDA‐MB231 and MCF‐7 human breast carcinomas maintained in female athymic nude (T lymphocyte‐deficient) mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary fish (menhaden) oil, compared with corn oil, can also suppress the growth of these carcinomas when maintained in female beige‐XID‐athymic nude (T lymphocyte‐ and NK/LAK cell‐deficient) mice and in female severe combined immune‐deficient (SCID) mice (total lack of functional T and B lymphocytes). Results clearly show that dietary fish (menhaden) oil can significantly (p < 0.05) suppress the growth of these carcinomas in the beige‐XID‐athymic nude mouse and the SCID mouse. Such results provide evidence that the growth suppression of MDA‐MB231 and MCF‐7 human breast carcinomas, induced by dietary fish oil, is not mediated by immune system mechanisms involving T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and/or NK/LAK cells.
Upcoming leadership elections

Time passes swiftly, and I stand amazed at the continued transformation of AGU. Just under 2 years ago the newly created Board of Directors took office. In that short amount of time members of the Board have established themselves as a highly functioning group of leaders committed to moving the organization forward. They have tackled tough issues as they advance AGU's strategic plan, meet member needs, and bring AGU into the 21st century.
Understanding the wicked nature of "unmanaged recreation" in Colorado's Front Range.

Unmanaged recreation presents a challenge to both researchers and managers of outdoor recreation in the United States because it is shrouded in uncertainty resulting from disagreement over the definition of the problem, the strategies for resolving the problem, and the outcomes of management. Incomplete knowledge about recreation visitors’ values and relationships with one another, other stakeholders, and the land further complicate the problem. Uncertainty and social complexity make the unmanaged recreation issue a wicked problem. We describe the wickedness inherent in unmanaged recreation and some of the implications of wickedness for addressing the problem for the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. Conclusions about the nature of the problem are based on a problem appraisal that included a literature review and interviews of key informants. Addressing wickedness calls for institutional changes that allow for and reward the use of trust building, inclusive communication, and genuinely collaborative processes.