cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preterm Parturient with Polyhydramnios and Pancreatitis: Primary Presentation of Hyperparathyroidism.

Objective. To report a case of severe hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism in a late-preterm pregnant patient and review medical and surgical treatments as well as obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Background. Diagnosis of parathyroid disease during pregnancy can be difficult due to nonspecific presentation. Management decisions are complex and require multidisciplinary collaboration. Case. A 29-year-old G2P1001 woman at 35 weeks and 3 days’ gestation presented with preterm contractions, polyhydramnios, pancreatitis, and severe hypercalcemia. Work-up revealed primary hyperparathyroidism with multiple thyroid nodules. Patient history, presentation, and biopsy were suspicious for parathyroid carcinoma. Despite severe hypercalcemia, both patient and fetus remained stable and medical management was pursued in an attempt to optimize mother and fetus prior to delivery. Due to recalcitrant hypercalcemia, surgical resection was ultimately required. She was subsequently delivered in the setting of preterm labor. Final pathology revealed parathyroid adenoma with atypia and occult papillary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion. Symptoms of hypercalcemia can mimic those of a normal third trimester pregnancy and can have serious maternal and fetal effects if left untreated. A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to these patients is necessary.
Draft Genome Sequence of Loktanella maritima Strain YPC211, a Commensal Bacterium of the American Lobster (Homarus americanus).

ABSTRACT Loktanella maritima strain YPC211 was isolated from the American lobster (Homarus americanus). We report here the draft genome sequence for L. maritima YPC211 and identify genes of potential importance to its role within the microbial community.
Brain Injury: Functional Recovery After

This article discusses the concepts and definitions associated with recovery of function following brain injury. This is not a simple issue because recovery can be measured and defined at different levels of analysis from the genomic and molecular to complex cognitive, sensory, and motor behaviors. “Recovery” at one level of analysis may not be evident at other levels. Defining recovery after an injury to the central nervous system will play a critical role in assigning and evaluating therapies and rehabilitation strategies. This article analyzes some of the historical thinking and current approaches to understanding recovery of function.
A basal area increment model for individual conifers in the northern Rocky Mountains

(...) The model represents the diverse ecological requirements of the various species and responds appropriately across the observed range of predictor variables. Furthermore, it is well behaved even when used for conditions found in the region but not represented in the large calibration data set (44,086 trees). In addition, it possesses desirable statistical properties such as homogeneous residual variance, minimal multicollinearity, and linear parameters. (...)
The Effect of Option Listing on Bid-Ask Spreads, Price Volatility, and Trading Activity of the Underlying OTC Stocks

This paper examines the changes in spreads, price volatility, and trading activity surrounding option listing for a sample of 144 OTC stocks. For this sample, both price volatility and volume increase, but the evidence on spreads is mixed. The increase in price volatility is attributed primarily to an increase in residual return variances. Furthermore, price volatility increases even after controlling for volume, insider trading, and spreads. Although these variables do not fully explain the causes for the increase in price volatility after option listing, the results suggest that liquidity trading or volume has a stronger effect on price volatility than insider trading. This study also finds that both the number of trades and institutional holdings show substantial increases, which are supportive of the notion that listing of options on OTC stocks attracts more attention.
Complications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy: Recognition, Prevention, and Treatment

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has emerged as an important method for achieving enteral access for management of nutritionally depleted patients. Experience with PEG over the past decade has enhanced our understanding of the potential risks and complications associated with the procedure. Major and minor complications occur in approximately 3% to 7% of treated subjects, respectively. The procedure-related mortality rate is less than 1%. This article focuses on prevention, recognition, and management of important PEG-related problems.
Toxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy: The Karmanos Cancer Center experience.

e14575Background: PD-1 inhibitors work by re-instating the natural anti-cancer immune-mediated cytotoxicity. Although this new class of therapy offers hope for many advanced stage cancer patients (...
Landscape genetics reveal broad and fine‐scale population structure due to landscape features and climate history in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in North Dakota

Prehistoric climate and landscape features play large roles structuring wildlife populations. The amphibians of the northern Great Plains of North America present an opportunity to investigate how these factors affect colonization, migration, and current population genetic structure. This study used 11 microsatellite loci to genotype 1,230 northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) from 41 wetlands (30 samples/wetland) across North Dakota. Genetic structure of the sampled frogs was evaluated using Bayesian and multivariate clustering methods. All analyses produced concordant results, identifying a major east-west split between two R. pipiens population clusters separated by the Missouri River. Substructuring within the two major identified population clusters was also found. Spatial principal component analysis (sPCA) and variance partitioning analysis identified distance, river basins, and the Missouri River as the most important landscape factors differentiating R. pipiens populations across the state. Bayesian reconstruction of coalescence times suggested the major east-west split occurred ~13-18 kya during a period of glacial retreat in the northern Great Plains and substructuring largely occurred ~5-11 kya during a period of extreme drought cycles. A range-wide species distribution model (SDM) for R. pipiens was developed and applied to prehistoric climate conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 kya) and the mid-Holocene (6 kya) from the CCSM4 climate model to identify potential refugia. The SDM indicated potential refugia existed in South Dakota or further south in Nebraska. The ancestral populations of R. pipiens in North Dakota may have inhabited these refugia, but more sampling outside the state is needed to reconstruct the route of colonization. Using microsatellite genotype data, this study determined that colonization from glacial refugia, drought dynamics in the northern Great Plains, and major rivers acting as barriers to gene flow were the defining forces shaping the regional population structure of R. pipiens in North Dakota.
Trends in Opioid Use Among Older Survivors of Colorectal, Lung, and Breast Cancers

PURPOSECancer survivors may be at increased risk for opioid-related harms. Trends in opioid use over time since diagnosis are unknown.METHODSUsing data from SEER and Medicare, we conducted multilev...
Double Row-Equivalent PASTA Repair Technique.

Abstract Articular surface partial rotator cuff tendon tears are a common source of shoulder pain and dysfunction, and there is no consensus regarding the optimal arthroscopic treatment. Commonly accepted techniques, such as transtendinous repair or tear takedown with primary repair, may violate healthy tendon tissue and increase the suture anchor density. In this note, we describe an outside-in double row–equivalent technique for repair of partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears. A medial row of inverted horizontal mattress stitches is placed percutaneously using spinal needles to shuttle partially absorbable braided sutures into the joint. The technique may incorporate a soft tissue biceps tenodesis into the rotator cuff with a second, oblique medial row mattress stitch. Suture limbs are retrieved and tied in the subacromial space and then secured to a lateral anchor. The result is a side-to-side double row–equivalent rotator cuff repair, anatomically reproducing the footprint of the rotator cuff without removing healthy tissue. We believe this is an efficient and reproducible technique that preserves intact bursal tissue, limits implant costs, and produces reliable healing in partial articular-sided tears of the rotator cuff.
RF Propagation Characterization in the Arctic : Measurements from JHU/APL participation in 2018 SODA campaign

This paper details Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory’s (JHU/APL) participation in the Office of Naval Research’s (ONR) 2018 Stratified Ocean Dynamics of the Arctic (SODA) campaign emphasizing characterization of the RF propagation environment. Several sources of data were collected including meteorological data and RF signals of opportunity. Apart from observing long range HF signals via expected ionospheric reflection, instances of anomalous tropospheric RF propagation were also observed on several occasions during a month-long underway, along with meteorological data collected to help model the phenomena.
Ethical management of risk: active shooters in higher education

This paper considers the response of higher educational institutions to the risk posed by active shooters. Such response is founded on risk management frameworks that determine expenditures incurre...
Queering Executive Presence

On an annual basis, Fortune releases the top 500 revenue-generating companies in the United States, referred to as the Fortune 500 collectively. The leadership team of these organizations is under scrutiny for their lack of diversity at the upper levels of management. In fact, in the history of releasing this report, there has only been one out lesbian in the CEO position (appointed in 2018). This phenomenological study of lesbians who are the senior executive levels of Fortune 500 companies seeks to understand their lived experiences within corporations to better understand what barriers, if any, exist for lesbians at the highest levels of corporations. What resulted was a discussion and insight into how these high-level leaders are redefining executive presence to incorporate more of who they are authentically versus the mold of a leader that they have been coached to or observed during their ascent to the top of corporate leadership ranks. The goal is to challenge the academy and corporations to utilize theories, such as queer theory, that push outside of traditional research to understand and fix issues related to gender more thoroughly.
Antp-type homeodomains have distinct DNA binding specificities that correlate with their different regulatory functions in embryos.

Abstract Much of the functional specificity of Drosophila homeotic selector proteins, in their ability to regulate specific genes and to assign specific segmental identities, appears to map within their different, but closely related homeodomains. For example, the Drosophila Dfd and human HOX4B (Hox 4.2) proteins, which have extensive structural similarity only in their respective homeodomains, both specifically activate the Dfd promoter. In contrast, a chimeric Dfd protein containing the Ubx homeodomain (Dfd/Ubx) specifically activates the Antp P1 promoter, which is normally targeted by Ubx. Using a variety of DNA binding assays, we find significant differences in DNA binding preferences between the Dfd, Dfd/Ubx and Ubx proteins when Dfd and Antp upstream regulatory sequences are used as binding substrates. No significant differences in DNA binding specificity were detected between the human HOX4B (Hox 4.2) and Drosophila Dfd proteins. All of these full-length proteins bound as monomers to high affinity DNA binding sites, and interference assays indicate that they interact with DNA in a way that is very similar to homeodomain polypeptides. These experiments indicate that the ninth amino acid of the recognition helix of the homeodomain, which is glutamine in all four of these Antp-type homeodomain proteins, is not sufficient to determine their DNA binding specificities. The good correlation between the in vitro DNA binding preferences of these four Antp-type homeodomain proteins and their ability to specifically regulate a Dfd enhancer element in the embryo, suggests that the modest binding differences that distinguish them make an important contribution to their unique regulatory specificities.
Clinicopathological analysis of 11 children with primary cardiac tumors

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of primary cardiac tumor in children. Methods Eleven children with primary cardiac tumors admitted to Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from November 2010 to April 2018 were selected. All patients underwent surgical treatment. Tumor tissue specimens were taken for observation. Results Eleven children with primary cardiac tumors were all benign tumors, including 5 cases of cardiac rhabdomyoma, 5 cases of cardiac fibroma and 1 case of cardiac myxoma. Conclusion The incidence of primary cardiac tumors in children is low and mostly benign. Cardiac fibroma and cardiac rhabdomyoma are relatively common. Different types of primary cardiac tumors have typical pathological characteristics. Immunohistochemical examination can accurately diagnose diseases. Key words: Children; Primary cardiac tumor; Pathology
Optically Based Bacteria Hand-Held Sensor: From Fundamentals to Proof of Concept

A prototype of a hand-held particle sensor based on digital inline holographic microscopy was developed to work as an early warning device to detect bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water within minutes. The aim of the device is to record holographic images of water samples and perform rapid analyses (less than 20 min) of these samples to give timely information about the levels of particulates, with the goal of detecting and quantifying pathogens such as E. coli in water samples. Using the hand-held sensor, laboratory trials were performed to compare the effectiveness of the sensor with traditional methods of detecting E. coli in water. To address the linearity of the sensor signal, a dilution series covering nine decades of bacterial suspensions were analyzed and a linear regression coefficient of determination (R2) of 86.4% was revealed. Preliminary studies have shown that the sensor can detect average values of E. coli levels from 7 colony forming units (CFU)/mL to 106 CFU/mL in deionized water spiked with the bacteria. The device can be essential for accurate and precise bacteria counts in drinking water systems inline or at home. The sensor’s major advantages are its portability, low cost, ease of operation, low power consumption rate, and no consumption of chemical reagents is needed to visualize and count E. coli.
Study logistics that can impact medical countermeasure efficacy testing in mouse models of radiation injury.

To address confounding issues that have been noted in planning and conducting studies to identify biomarkers of radiation injury, develop animal models to simulate these injuries, and test potentia...
Functional Assessment of Platelet Dense Granule ATP Release.

Objectives This study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of assessing platelet dense granule release in response to platelet stimuli, using less than 1 mL of whole blood (WB). Methods Optimization of the luciferin-luciferase (LL) assay for ATP release, together with additional modifications, was applied to 1:10 diluted WB. Results LL assay optimization using nonstirred 1:10 diluted WB resulted in dense granule ATP release in response to thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) of similar magnitude to that observed using stirred platelet-rich plasma. Stirring of the 1:10 diluted WB restored collagen-induced dense granule secretion. Addition of lyophilized, formalin-fixed platelets, together with stirring, restored dense granule secretion responsiveness to ADP. TRAP, ADP, and collagen all stimulated ATP release in 1:10 diluted WB under the optimized conditions of this study at levels close to those observed using platelet-rich plasma. Blood sample reconstitution experiments offer hope that this assay may prove robust down to WB platelet counts as low as 50 × 103/μL. Conclusions Platelet dense granule release in response to a number of classic stimuli, including ADP, was accomplished from less than 1 mL WB with minimal specimen processing, using widely available reagents and instrumentation.
Humility in novice leaders: links to servant leadership and followers’ satisfaction with leadership

Across two studies, we investigated connections between leader humility, servant leadership, and follower satisfaction. Leaders were resident and spiritual life advisors in on-campus housing at a u...
The C++ workbook

Text presents a set of graduated examples with explanations that illustrate all of the important features of C++ Release 2.0. Seeks to demonstrate the benefits of object-oriented programming and encourage readers to use the OOP features of C++.
Bootstrapping Smooth Functions of Slope Parameters and Innovation Variances in VAR (∞) Models

It is common to conduct bootstrap inference in vector autoregressive (VAR) models based on the assumption that the underlying data-generating process is of finite-lag order. This assumption is implausible in practice. We establish the asymptotic validity of the residual-based bootstrap method for smooth functions of VAR slope parameters and innovation variances under the alternative assumption that a sequence of finite-lag order VAR models is fitted to data generated by a VAR process of possibly infinite order. This class of statistics includes measures of predictability and orthogonalized impulse responses and variance decompositions. Our approach provides an alternative to the use of the asymptotic normal approximation and can be used even in the absence of closed-form solutions for the variance of the estimator. We illustrate the practical relevance of our findings for applied work, including the evaluation of macroeconomic models.
Deuterium and Tritium, Tritium

Tritium (3H or T) is the heaviest isotope of hydrogen. Unlike hydrogen or deuterium, T undergoes radioactive decay (B−, ∼ 12 yr half-life). Thus T compounds experience radiation damage at elevated tritium levels. Tritium is produced by cosmic rays in the higher atmosphere, and by neutron capture in lithium–aluminum alloy in nuclear fission reactors. Tritium can be purified by distillation, by thermal diffusion, by diffusion through palladium-silver-nickel membranes, or by chromatography on coated molecular sieves. Tritium is widely used as a tracer in molecular biology experiments. Tritium is a key element in nuclear fusion, in which energy is produced by the controlled fusion of tritium with deuterium. Keywords: Tritium; Nuclear properties; Fuel cycle; Heavy water; Isotope; Health physics; Energy
The Virginia Gardasil Law:A Constitutional Analysis of MandatedProtection forSchoolchildren Against the HumanPapillomavirus

II. Enforcing Gardasil Vaccinations in Public Schools: To What Extent Can the Government Constitutionally Require Schoolchildren to be Vaccinated with Gardasil? 231 A. Gardasil Vaccination is a Proper Use of Virginia’s Police Power Under the Tenth Amendment 231 B. Gardasil Vaccination Does Not Violate Substantive Due Process Through an Invasion of Bodily Privacy and Unwanted Bodily Intrusion 235 C. Exemptions from Mandated Vaccination and
Inhibition by Actinomycin D of Oxidation-dependent Biosynthesis in Sarcoma 37 Ascites Cells

Abstract When Sarcoma 37 ascites cells were incubated in the presence of actinomycin D, protein synthesis was inhibited. The inhibitory effect could be prevented or relieved by glucose or by a variety of glycolyzable substrates. The inhibitory effect was independent of the concentration of the labeled amino acid precursor. Under conditions inhibitory to protein synthesis, no significant inhibition of respiration or of amino acid uptake was observed. Actinomycin D inhibited amino acid incorporation into ribosomal and soluble protein, as well as into soluble ribonucleic acid, and these inhibitory effects were all abolished by the presence of glucose. Three analogues of actinomycin D, which were inactive as inhibitors of RNA synthesis, were inactive as inhibitors of protein synthesis in the present studies. Actinomycin D also inhibited the incorporation of mevalonic acid into sterols, and the inhibition was relieved by glucose. Although the characteristics of these inhibitions suggested an interference with the availability of oxidative energy, measurements of levels of adenine nucleotides and of incorporation of 32P-labeled orthophosphate into ATP failed to show an effect of the antibiotic on oxidative phosphorylation.
Ismael’s Anscombian and Dennettian Selves*

A member of the Harvard Philosophy Department, to remain unnamed, is reported to have uttered a sentence, in Italy, in which the word “here” meant Harvard University—the institution, not the location. That was a small-scale reminder that the straightforward analysis of one of the easier indexicals does not always match up neatly with more freewheeling uses of what sounds like the same word. An analogous phenomenon is of greater philosophical importance. On the one hand, there is a relatively straightforward use of the first-person pronoun that has attracted ongoing philosophical attention, generally because its apparent immunity to error has been seen as an anchor for ambitious results of one sort or another. On the other hand, there are much more complex notions of the self, amounting to answers to the question of who one is. Both of these contrasting notions of self appear towards the end of Jenann Ismael’s fascinating treatise. There is a long tradition of philosophers attempting to explain how these more minimal and more contentful renditions of the self are tailored to one another, probably because it is the promise of traversing the link from the error-immune ‘I’ to the contentful ‘I’ that promises all those ambitious results. Against this background, Ismael’s marvelously clear discussion amounts to a large, blinking red light: we should not expect a particularly good fit between these two notions of the self at all. Sydney Shoemaker once observed that it was easy to account for a rather thin form of self-knowledge: simply prepend “I believe that. . . ” to whatever ∗I’m grateful to Ben Crowe for conversation about this material.
Toward a computational framework of suspense and dramatic arc

We propose a computational framework for the recognition of suspense and dramatic arc in stories. Suspense is an affective response to narrative structure that accompanies the reduction in quantity or quality of plans available to a protagonist faced with potential goal failure and/or harm. Our work is motivated by the recognition that computational systems are historically unable to reliably reason about aesthetic or affective qualities of story structures. Our proposed framework, Dramatis, reads a story, identifies potential failures in the plans and goals of the protagonist, and computes a suspense rating at various points in the story. To compute suspense, Dramatis searches for ways in which the protagonist can overcome the failure and produces a rating inversely proportional to the likelihood of the best approach to overcoming the failure. If applied to story generation, Dramatis could allow for the creation of stories with knowledge of suspense and dramatic arc.
Commutative Saccadic Generator Is Sufficient to Control a 3-D Ocular Plant With Pulleys

Quaia, Christian and Lance M. Optican. Commutative saccadic generator is sufficient to control a 3-D ocular plant with pulleys. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3197–3215, 1998. One-dimensional models of oculo...
Biosynthesis of Somatostatin, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, and Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

The purpose of this review is to describe the recent advances in our understanding of the biosynthesis of three brain/gut peptides — somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and thyrotropin releasing hormone. Although each of these hormones is found in both the brain and gastrointestinal tract, their physiology is quite distinct. Furthermore, each peptide poses a unique set of problems for isolating and characterizing its gene and gene products. This review focuses on the different molecular approaches that we have used to characterize the precursors of these three peptides. It further describes the more general techniques that we are currently using to examine the expression of the three genes.
Principal component analysis for predicting transcription-factor binding motifs from array-derived data

Background The responses to interleukin 1 (IL-1) in human chondrocytes constitute a complex regulatory mechanism, where multiple transcription factors interact combinatorially to transcription-factor binding motifs (TFBMs). In order to select a critical set of TFBMs from genomic DNA information and an array-derived data, an efficient algorithm to solve a combinatorial optimization problem is required. Although computational approaches based on evolutionary algorithms are commonly employed, an analytical algorithm would be useful to predict TFBMs at nearly no computational cost and evaluate varying modelling conditions. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a powerful method to derive primary components of a given matrix. Applying SVD to a promoter matrix defined from regulatory DNA sequences, we derived a novel method to predict the critical set of TFBMs.
Oxygen is required for the L-cysteine-mediated decomposition of protein-bound dinitrosyl-iron complexes.

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that iron–sulfur proteins are the primary targets of nitric oxide (NO). Exposure of Escherichia coli cells to NO readily converts iron–sulfur proteins to protein-bound dinitrosyl–iron complexes (DNICs). Although the protein-bound DNICs are stable in vitro under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, they are efficiently repaired in aerobically growing E. coli cells even without new protein synthesis. The cellular repair mechanism for the NO-modified iron–sulfur proteins remains largely elusive. Here we report that, unlike aerobically growing E. coli cells, starved E. coli cells fail to reactivate the NO-modified iron–sulfur proteins. Significantly, the addition of l -cysteine, but not other related biological thiols, results in decomposition of the protein-bound DNICs in starved E. coli cells and in cell extracts under aerobic conditions. However, under anaerobic conditions, l -cysteine has little or no effect on the protein-bound DNICs in starved E. coli cells or in vitro, suggesting that oxygen is required for the l -cysteine-mediated decomposition of the protein-bound DNICs. Additional studies reveal that l -cysteine is able to release the DNIC from the protein and bind to it, and the l -cysteine-bound DNICs are rapidly disrupted by oxygen, resulting in the eventual decomposition of the protein-bound DNICs under aerobic conditions.
Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. I. Risk indicators for attachment loss.

Specific risk indicators associated with either susceptibility or resistance to severe forms of periodontal disease were evaluated in a cross-section of 1,426 subjects, 25 to 74 years of age, mostly metropolitan dwellers, residing in Erie County, New York, and surrounding areas. The study sample exhibited a wide range of periodontal disease experience defined by different levels of attachment loss. Therefore, it was possible to accurately assess associations between the extent of periodontal disease and patient characteristics including age, smoking, systemic diseases, exposure to occupational hazards, and subgingival microbial flora. Age was the factor most strongly associated with attachment loss, with odds ratios for subjects 35 to 44 years old ranging from 1.72 (95% CI: 1.18 to 2.49) to 9.01 (5.86 to 13.89) for subjects 65 to 74 years old. Diabetes mellitus was the only systemic disease positively associated with attachment loss with an odds ratio of 2.32 (95% CI: 1.17–4.60). Smoking had relative risk...
Robust multigrid methods for nonsmooth coefficient elliptic linear systems

We survey the literature on robust multigrid methods which have been developed in recent years for solving second-order elliptic PDEs with nonsmooth coefficients. We highlight the key ideas of designing robust multigrid methods which are able to recover the usual multigrid efficiency for nonsmooth coefficient PDEs on structured or unstructured grids. In particular, we shall describe various approaches for constructing the interpolation and the smoothing operators, and the coarse grid points selections.
Relationship between Machiavellianism, external control, and cognitive style among college students.

This experiment determined relationships between Machiavellianism, locus of control, and cognitive style. 115 subjects, 56 males, 59 females, ages 18 to 21, were selected from Interim students at Texas Lutheran College, Seguin, Texas. The M Mach IV test measured Machiavellian tendencies. The I-E scale measured external attitudes. The Object Sorting Test measured categorizing style and cognitive structure by having subjects divide 50-word representations into groups. A significant correlation for all subjects was found between M Mach IV and I-E, none between M Mach IV and Object Sorting or between I-E and Object Sorting. No sex differences were noted. A multiple correlation among the three scores indicated some relationship between Machiavellianism, locus of control, and cognitive style.
Why the technology for low-cost saving products will make marketing the most important product differentiator: Lessons from the automotive industry

Low-cost saving products for consumers are widely seen as the future direction of the retail savings market. The question that must be asked, however, is whether this future is realistic given the technical and business issues that need to be overcome to deliver these products. If these issues can be overcome then it is necessary to wonder what the financial services industry will look like when selling lowcost products. This paper first looks at why low-cost products are a current area of focus for the retail savings industry and the forces that are driving this issue. It then provides an overview as to why there are significant process and technical obstacles to creating low-cost products, and how these could be overcome (as they have been in other industries) if cost reduction is to improve more than incrementally. It concludes with a discussion as to why, if these obstacles are overcome, marketing will be the discipline that will determine an organisation's success with these products. This paper will primarily consider the UK market as this is where the issue has the clearest focus.
Haskins & Sells during the First World War and its aftermath

The First World War is often perceived as primarily a European conflict, yet the USA was involved first through the supply of financial and manufacturing resources, and subsequently as a combatant. This paper relates ways the war affected a US accounting firm, Haskins & Sells (H&S) – now Deloitte – then one of the fastest growing public accounting firms in the world. It notes a new service demand related to income taxes, a visionary peace plan proposed by one of its partners and the involvement in the post-war liquidation commission. The study also discusses the employment of women in the firm as men reported for military duty and the consequences for the progress of women in the accountancy profession.
Curing of Highly Loaded Ceramic Suspensions in Acrylates

The objective of this study is to use differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to characterize the curing kinetics of Al2O3 and hydroxyapatite suspensions in acrylates. The heat evolution of the acrylate premix and ceramic suspensions in dynamic and isothermal curing was measured. The calculated activation energies for the acrylate premix and the two ceramic suspensions were 133, 74, and 78 kJ/mol, indicating a catalytic effect of the ceramic fillers. The curing behavior of the two ceramic suspensions modeled with the autocatalytic polymerization model with satisfactory results.
How Initiation Factors Regulate the Subunit Joining Step of Translation Initiation

High-fidelity initiator transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) start codon selection during translation initiation is essential for ensuring the integrity of gene expression; mis-initiation using an elongator tRNA or a sense codon can lead to proteins containing aberrant N-termini or to errors in reading frame selection that yield truncated and/or mis-folded proteins. In bacteria, three essential initiation factors (IFs) bind to the small, 30S, ribosomal subunit and control the accuracy of translation initiation by regulating tRNA and codon selection into the 30S initiation complex (30S IC) and joining of the large, 50S, ribosomal subunit to the 30S IC to form an elongation-competent 70S initiation complex (70S IC). Although the IFs render the rate of 50S subunit joining to the 30S IC dependent on the presence of a correctly selected initiator tRNA that is basepaired to a start codon within the 30S IC, the mechanism through which the IFs accomplish this remains elusive. Using fluorescently labeled IFs, tRNAs, and ribosomal subunits, we have recently developed several single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer signals that report on the conformational dynamics of the 30S IC and on the dynamics of 50S subunit joining to the 30S IC. Here we will present the results of our latest studies, which, when integrated with the available biochemical data, strongly suggest that tRNA- and codon-dependent conformational dynamics of the IFs play a critical role in regulating the 50S subunit joining step of translation initiation.
Functional Roles of Pulsing in Genetic Circuits

A fundamental problem in biology is to understand how genetic circuits implement core cellular functions. Time-lapse microscopy techniques are beginning to provide a direct view of circuit dynamics in individual living cells. Unexpectedly, we are discovering that key transcription and regulatory factors pulse on and off repeatedly, and often stochastically, even when cells are maintained in constant conditions. This type of spontaneous dynamic behavior is pervasive, appearing in diverse cell types from microbes to mammalian cells. Here, we review recent work showing how pulsing is generated and controlled by underlying regulatory circuits and how it provides critical capabilities to cells in stress response, signaling, and development. A major theme is the ability of pulsing to enable time-based regulation analogous to strategies used in engineered systems. Thus, pulsatile dynamics is emerging as a central, and still largely unexplored, layer of temporal organization in the cell.
Avian pox in an immature red-tailed hawk.

Cutaneous lesions with the gross morphologic appearance of fowl pox were observed on the feet and lateral aspect of the face of a Red-Tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicenis). Typical fowl pox inclusion bodies were seen on histologic examination of a biopsy sample from one of the lesions.
La relacion entre las tasas de interes y el tipo de cambio bajo un sistema de cambio flotante

This paper develops a simple model of exchange rate determination under a floating system. The model is used to investigate the relationship between nominal interest rates movements and the exchange rate. It is shown that, depending on the nature of inter
Feeding habits of male southern house mosquitoes on 32P-labeled and unlabeled plants.

Male Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say were able to pick up some type of plant substances from the threeseeded mercury plant, Acalypha spp., and nut grass labeled with 32P. Most of the radioactivity was found in the body of the insect, not on or in the proboscis or legs, indicating ingestion. However, the ingestion of this exudate from these labeled plants was insufficient to sustain the life of the mosquitoes. Of 30 unlabeled plants offered to male mosquitoes, 3 plants, saw palmetto, tetter bush, and Japanese pittosphorum, provided the necessary nutrients for prolonged longevity. Also, honeydew of aphids provided the substances necessary to sustain life for prolonged periods.
Incorporating tissue excision in deformable image registration:a modified demons algorithm for cone-beam CT-guided surgery

ABSTRACT The ability to perform fast, accurate, deformable registration with intraoperative images featuring surgical excisions was investigated for use in cone-beam CT (CBCT) guided head and neck surgery. Existing deformable registration methods generally fail to account for tissue excised between image acquisitions and typically simply move voxels within the images with no ability to account for tissue that is removed (or introduced) between scans. We have thus developed an approach in which an extra dimension is added during the registration process to act as a sink for voxels removed during the course of the procedure. A series of cadaveric images acquired using a prot otype CBCT-capable C-arm were used to model tissue deformation and excision occurring during a surgical procedure, and the ability of deformable registration to correctly account for anatomical changes under these conditions was investigated. Using a previously developed version of the Demons deformable registration algorithm, we identify the difficulties that traditional registration algorithms encounter when f aced with excised tissue and present a modified version of the algorithm better suited for use in intraoperative image-guided procedures. Studies were performed for different deformation and tissue excision tasks, and registration performance was quantified in terms of the ability to accurately acco unt for tissue excision while avoiding spurious deformations arising around the excision. Keywords: image-guided interventions, cone-beam CT, flat-panel detector, C-arm, 3D imaging, surgical navigation, image registration, head and neck surgery
Promoting Desirable Outcomes among Culturally and Ethnically Diverse Children in Social Emotional Learning Programs: A Multilevel Heuristic Model.

The primary goal of this article is to situate the findings from evidence-based studies of social emotional learning (SEL) interventions into a broader social context by reframing the discussion to consider how aspects of sociocultural competence impact the development and delivery of programs. The limitations of current SEL intervention efforts are discussed and a multilevel heuristic model that identifies and defines the theoretical constructs that we believe are culturally bound and associated with the content, implementation, and evaluation components of SEL intervention programs is presented. We point out constraints associated with this effort and offer specific strategies and activities by which school personnel involved in these activities can be encouraged to embrace socioculturally based SEL practices in their classrooms and offer guidance for future research.
High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete: Analysis and Application

Although fly ash as a partial replacement for cement has been utilized for many years, it has been almost exclusively used in low-volume percentages, such as 10 or 20% cement replacement. This paper looks at high-volume percentage replacements from 40 to 70%. A minimix study revealed that 50 and 60% cement replacement percentages were the best candidates for full-scale testing. The environmental benefits included a 25% reduction in smog, human health effects, and fossil fuel use compared to the same element built with a 100% Portland cement mix. The economic benefits included a 15% capital cost reduction and a 20% life-cycle cost reduction when compared with a 100% Portland cement mix. Full-scale testing included a complete mix design in addition to the construction of four concrete infrastructure products. The products built included an alley panel and curb, and gutter sections in the City and County of Denver, a precast manhole and lid, and a twin-tee prestressed girder.
Membrane-mediated Assembly of Annexins Studied by Site-directed Spin Labeling

Annexins are soluble proteins that bind to membranes in the presence of Ca2+. Crystal structures have been determined for some soluble forms, but little is known about the important membrane-bound state. We employed site-directed spin labeling to demonstrate that 1) annexin XII assumes a trimer configuration similar to the crystal structure when bound to bilayers under physiological conditions; 2) trimer assembly on bilayers is remarkably rapid, occurring on a millisecond time scale, whereas subunit exchange requires hours; and 3) different annexins can mix to form heterotrimers. The rapid assembly and heterotrimer formation have important implications concerning the cellular functions of annexins.
Window of visibility: a psychophysical theory of fidelity in time-sampled visual motion displays

Many visual displays, such as movies and television, rely on sampling in the time domain. We derive the spatiotemporal-frequency spectra for some simple moving images and illustrate how these spectra are altered by sampling in the time domain. We construct a simple model of the human perceiver that predicts the critical sample rate required to render sampled and continuous moving images indistinguishable. The rate is shown to depend on the spatial and the temporal acuity of the observer and on the velocity and spatial-frequency content of the image. Several predictions of this model are tested and confirmed. The model is offered as an explanation of many of the phenomena known as apparent motion. Finally, the implications of the model for computer-generated imagery are discussed.
Autoionizing resonance profiles in the photoelectron spectra of atomic cadmium

Photoelectron spectra have been taken of atomic Cd with synchrotron radiation between 19 and 27 eV using the double-angle time-of-flight method. Dramatically different energy dependences of the partial cross sections for producing the lowest /sup 2/D/sub 5/2/, /sup 2/D/sub 3/2/, /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/, and /sup 2/P/sub 3/2,1/2/ ionic states of Cd/sup +/ were observed for photon energies in the neighborhood of the (4d/sup 9/(5s5p /sup 3/P))/sup 2/P/sub 3/2/6s /sup 1/P/sub 1/ autoionizing resonance at 588 A. Partial decay widths from the excited resonance state have been determined by fitting the resonance line shapes to theoretical expressions for the partial cross sections. Resonance profiles in the photoelectron angular-distribution asymmetry parameter for the /sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ and /sup 2/D/sub 3/2/ channels are also reported. The /sup 2/P/sub 3/2,1/2/ satellite is found to decrease slightly relative to the /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/ main line in the 19--25-eV range. Three new satellite peaks have been detected with intensities enhanced by autoionization.
Relation of self-efficacy to inventoried vocational interests

Abstract This study explored the relation of self-efficacy beliefs to inventoried vocational interests in science and engineering students. Subjects were 70 students in a career planning course who completed the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII) and measures of self-efficacy involving perceived capability to complete the educational requirements of science and engineering fields. Findings indicated a number of significant correlations between the two self-efficacy measures and corresponding interest scales on the SCII: Self-efficacy for engineering fields correlated with the Realistic and Investigative General Occupational Themes, the Science and Mechanical Activities Basic Interest Scales, and the Engineering and Chemist Occupational Scales; self-efficacy for science fields correlated with the Investigative Theme, the Science and Mathematics Basic Interest Scales, the Chemist Occupational Scale, and Academic Comfort. Implications for counseling and further research are discussed, along with theoretical speculations regarding the nature of the link between self-efficacy and career interests.
Tony Pawson: Modular protein domains and the links to intracellular signaling

It is with great sorrow that I write that Tony Pawson, a good friend, great colleague, generous collaborator, and brilliant scientist, died at the age of 60 on August 7, 2013. Tony was a trail-blazer and innovator in his studies of the mechanisms underlying intracellular signaling. His work had an enormous impact on our understanding of how external cellular stimuli lead to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Tony focused on how protein interactions are initiated, regulated, and integrated. His work had and will continue to have impact on our understanding of pathogenesis and toward our development of therapies for many diseases, including cancer, neurological diseases, diabetes, and autoimmunity.
Real-time simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control using intramuscular EMG.

Objective. Myoelectric prostheses use electromyographic (EMG) signals to control movement of prosthetic joints. Clinically available myoelectric control strategies do not allow simultaneous movement of multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs); however, the use of implantable devices that record intramuscular EMG signals could overcome this constraint. The objective of this study was to evaluate the real-time simultaneous control of three DOFs (wrist rotation, wrist flexion/extension, and hand open/close) using intramuscular EMG. Approach. We evaluated task performance of five able-bodied subjects in a virtual environment using two control strategies with fine-wire EMG: (i) parallel dual-site differential control, which enabled simultaneous control of three DOFs and (ii) pattern recognition control, which required sequential control of DOFs. Main results. Over the course of the experiment, subjects using parallel dual-site control demonstrated increased use of simultaneous control and improved performance in a Fitts' Law test. By the end of the experiment, performance using parallel dual-site control was significantly better (up to a 25% increase in throughput) than when using sequential pattern recognition control for tasks requiring multiple DOFs. The learning trends with parallel dual-site control suggested that further improvements in performance metrics were possible. Subjects occasionally experienced difficulty in performing isolated single-DOF movements with parallel dual-site control but were able to accomplish related Fitts' Law tasks with high levels of path efficiency. Significance. These results suggest that intramuscular EMG, used in a parallel dual-site configuration, can provide simultaneous control of a multi-DOF prosthetic wrist and hand and may outperform current methods that enforce sequential control.