cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Research of Viscoelastic Surfactants

The component, microcosmic structure and rheological behavior of viscoelastic surfactants solutions which includes ionic, amphoteric and non-ionic are introduced. In viscoelastic surfactants solutions, roundness glues turn into vermiculate glues as the concentration approaches a certain critical value and the vermiculate glues rapidly develop along with the increase of the concentration and forms flexibility claviform glues finally. A certain macromolecule three-dimensional network structure is formed with the involvement, adhere and amalgamation of the claviform glues. Thus, the viscosity rapidly increases and the solutions represents higher viscoelastic. Results show that zero shear viscosity of the viscoelastic surfactants solutions are related with surfactants, salt, opposition electric charge surfactants and concentration of cosurfactants, and the most viscoelastic surfactants solutions have shearing dilution, thixotropy. The application prospect of the viscoelastic surfactant in fracturing fluid, drilling fluid, accelerating fluid feeding, enhancing oil recovery are summarized. This paper also indicates that some works should be done in using the viscoelastic surfactant extensively.
Jugular Foramen: Anatomic and Computed Tomographic Study

The computed tomographic (eT) appearance of the jugular foramen was examined in detail, and anatomic and CT sections were correlated. The pars nervosa and pars vascularis were identified, and, with intravenous contrast enhancement, a rapid sequence of scans at a gantry angle of +30° to the canthomeatal line demonstrated cranial nerves IX, X, and XI. The osseous margins of the jugular foramen were best shown by CT at planes of sections parallel and positive (0°–30°) to the canthomeatal line. CT can be used to evaluate osseous anatomy and the jugular foramen with precision sufficient to confidently exclude an intracanalicular mass.
Volume changes occurring in postoperative below-knee residual limbs

Comparative maturation rates of 36 below-knee postoperative, healed amputation residual limbs were observed. Measured were the limb volumes and circumferences. Three methods of residual limb stabilization were employed: 1) elastic wrap; 2) plaster cast and pylon; and, 3) plastic laminate socket and pylon. The limbs receiving the plastic laminate showed the most rapid stabilization, while the elastic wrap did not stabilize. Considerable variance existed in relations between variables. Correlation between limb circumference and volume was poor. However, in general, the rates of change, i.e., the relations between volume and time, and circumference and time, were statistically significant (p less than .05).
Effects of the isothiocyanates sulforaphane and erucin on breast cancer and normal human mammary epithelial cells.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 B158 Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are important anticarcinogenic phytochemicals abundant in cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli sprouts. Recent studies have revealed that ITCs exert cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines through the inhibition of cell growth, induction of cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptosis, and that some ITCs might be selective exclusively towards cancer cells. In this study we compared the effects of major ITCs, sulforaphane (SFN) and its sulfide analog erucin (ERN) , on breast cancer (MCF7) and normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEpC). We determined that SFN and ERN inhibited cell proliferation ~2-fold more potently in MCF7 than in HMEpC cells (SRB assay, 72h, IC50 SFN: 11 µ M and 19 µ M; ERN: 28 µ M and 46 µ M , respectively). We also found that ITCs blocked MCF7 cells in prometaphase stage of mitosis by disrupting spindle formation and preventing proper chromosome segregation through the suppression of microtubule dynamics (15 µM, 20 h incubation, immunofluorescence microscopy). Interestingly, SFN and ERN did not induce mitotic arrest in HMEpC cells at these concentrations; however, some aberrant mitotic spindles with abnormal chromosome segregation were observed. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry confirmed that SFN and ERN induced G2/M phase delay in MCF7 cells ( 15 µ M SFN, 24 h: 46 ± 1 % in G2/M vs. 29 ± 1 % control ), while the cell cycle of HMEpC cells was not affected. Furthermore, both SFN and ERN induced microtubule depolymerization in interphase MCF7 and HMEpC cells in a concentration dependent manner. MCF7 cell growth inhibition was accompanied by a significant time- and dose-dependent induction of apoptosis by both ITCs. Surprisingly, high concentrations of SFN and ERN (>15 µM, 24h) induced significant killing of HMEpC cells. Our results indicate that low concentrations of SFN and ERN may trigger cell cycle arrest in mitosis by perturbing normal microtubule polymerization through suppressing of microtubule dynamic instability, and leading to apoptosis in MCF7 cells. However, high concentrations of ITCs also inhibited proliferation of HMEpC cells and disrupted cytoplasmic microtubule polymerization without apparent blocking of cells in mitosis at 24h. These results indicate that ITCs are active in both normal and cancerous cells. Further experiments are under way to elucidate the mechanisms of action of ITCs on human breast cancer vs. normal human mammary epithelial cells. Our data lead to the important questions regarding proper implementation and suitability of isothiocyanates in cancer chemoprevention. Supported by California Breast Cancer Research Program dissertation award # 12GB-0137.
Social Skills Assessment: A Comparative Evaluation of Six Published Rating Scales.

A comparative and integrative review was conducted of six published rating scales commonly used to assess the social skills of preschool and school-aged children. Four norm-referenced instruments a...
Effect of Palliative Care on Aggressiveness of End-of-Life Care Among Patients With Advanced Cancer

Purpose:Palliative care’s role in oncology has expanded, but its effect on aggressiveness of care at the end of life has not been characterized at the population level.Methods:This matched retrospective cohort study examined the effect of an encounter with palliative care on health-care use at the end of life among 6,580 Medicare beneficiaries with advanced prostate, breast, lung, or colorectal cancer. We compared health-care use before and after palliative care consultation to a matched nonpalliative care cohort.Results:The palliative care cohort had higher rates of health-care use in the 30 days before palliative care consultation compared with the nonpalliative cohort, with higher rates of hospitalization (risk ratio [RR], 3.33; 95% CI, 2.87 to 3.85), invasive procedures (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.62 to 1.88), and chemotherapy administration (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.78). The opposite pattern emerged in the interval from palliative care consultation through death, where the palliative care cohort had lowe...
The Value of Phenotypes in Knee Osteoarthritis Research.

Background Over the past decade, phenotypes have been used to help categorize knee osteoarthritis patients relative to being subject to disease, disease progression, and treatment response. A review of potential phenotype selection is now appropriate. The appeal of using phenotypes is that they most rely on simple physical examination, clinically routine imaging, and demographics. The purpose of this review is to describe the panoply of phenotypes that can be potentially used in osteoarthritis research. Methods A search of PubMed was used singularly to review the literature on knee osteoarthritis phenotypes. Results Four phenotype assembly groups were based on physical features and noninvasive imaging. Demographics included metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes). Mechanical characteristics included joint morphology, alignment, the effect of injury, and past and present history. Associated musculoskeletal disorder characteristics included multiple joint involvement, spine disorders, neuromuscular diseases, and osteoporosis. With the knee as an organ, tissue characteristics were used to focus on synovium, meniscus, articular cartilage, patella fat pad, bone sclerosis, bone cysts, and location of pain. Discussion Many of these phenotype clusters require further validation studies. There is special emphasis on knee osteoarthritis phenotypes due to its predominance in osteoarthritic disorders and the variety of tissues in that joint. More research will be required to determine the most productive phenotypes for future studies. Conclusion The selection and assignment of phenotypes will take on an increasing role in osteoarthritis research in the future.
Opioid Peptides: Simultaneous δ Agonism and μ Antagonism in Somatostatin Analogues

Abstract Bonner, G. G., P. Davis, D. Stropova, R. Ferguson, H. I. Yamamura, F. Porreca and V. J. Hruby. Opioid peptides: Simultaneous δ agonism and μ antagonism in somatostatin analogues. Peptides 18(1) 93–100, 1997.—Four isomers of the Somatostatin analogue H-D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) were made with β-MePhe in position 1 and assayed for opioid binding in rat brain, biological activity in MVD and GPI bioassays, and antinociception in mouse warm-water tail flick assays. These analogues displayed varying potencies and biological activities including: simultaneous δ receptor agonism/μ receptor antagonism, μ receptor antagonism, and δ receptor agonism. These analogues demonstrated that the N-terminal residue is important for receptor potency/selectivity and signal transduction. These analogues may represent leads to therapeutic agents that yield analgesia via δ agonist effects, yet lack side effects associated with μ activity.
Thirst and Drinking

The composition of the body's fluid compartments is perhaps the single most important parameter regulated by homeostatic processes. Every cell in the body requires an aqueous medium both within and without to function efficiently, and maintaining optimal composition of these fluid compartments is of paramount importance to life. This article will discuss how animals regulate the composition of their fluid compartments using thirst and drinking behavior.
Guido Calabresi's The Costs of Accidents: a Reassessment

top-down analysis leads not only to a neglect of the real world but also to a misplaced perfectionism. The Costs of Accidents asks
The Impact of Renal Failure and Dialysis Treatments on Patients’ Lives and on Their Compliance Behavior

Which major life areas are most affected by renal failure and dialysis treatments? Are serious disruptions more frequent in males, blacks, or older patients? If the patient’s life is greatly affected by the illness, will he or she be less compliant with the medical and dietary regimen? These are some of the questions we sought to elucidate in this study.
Editorial: Consumer acceptance of food innovations

An innovation’s success is dependent upon successfully responding to consumer needs and communicating benefits in a believable persuasive manner. Consumers respond to good taste, convenience, and h...
DREAM: DistRibuted Energy-Aware traffic Management for Data Center Networks

Traffic consolidation has been proposed to save energy in data center networks. However, existing centralized traffic consolidation approaches focus on achieving optimal network energy saving, without considering the need to be responsive to traffic variability. In this paper, we present DREAM, a distributed flowlet-level traffic consolidation framework for achieving energy efficiency in data center networks. DREAM splits a TCP flow across multiple paths based on ECN feedback by adapting the path selection probability for sending a flowlet. This helps to choose a path while avoid congestion/queue build-up at switches. Distributed agents in DREAM are implemented in Open vSwitch at each server without modifying applications, TCP, or the hardware switches in the data center network. Testbed evaluations using traces from Wikipedia web service and Facebook MapReduce traffic prove that DREAM on average achieves at least 15.8% energy saving for the data center network, while state-of-the-art approaches such as CARPO and ElasticTree produce 11.6% and 8.4% energy saving, respectively. The packet drop ratio in DREAM is less than 0.01% while the best among the alternatives, ElasticTree, has at least 0.19% drop ratio. DREAM also has 30% lower application-level latency than state-of-the-art centralized traffic consolidation approaches.
Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibular Defects with Non-Vascularized Bone Grafts

Purpose There is long-standing evidence that a segmental mandibular defect greater than 6cm needs to be reconstructed with a vascularized graft, which significantly increases patient morbidity. We challenge this notion. In this study, we determined maximum defect size that can be predictably reconstructed with nonvascularized bone grafts immediately after resection. Methods A retrospective chart review of 34 patients that had mandibular resections for benign pathologies that were immediately reconstructed with particulate marrow grafts were reviewed. The same senior surgeon at a university medical center oversaw all cases. Cohort demographic and descriptive data were obtained, resection size was determined, and statistics were calculated. Results The patient cohort had a mean age of 49 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.2), and consisted of 16 males and 18 females. Mean follow-up time was 18 months. Diagnoses included 15 (44%) cases of osteomyelitis, 13 (38%) ameloblastomas, 5 (15%) ossifying fibromas, and 1 (3%) histiocytoma. Average resection size of all cases was 8.7 cm (SD = 4.1). Average resection size of successful grafts was 8.1 cm (SD = 3.2). Graft failures measured 12.1 cm (SD = 2.8). When comparing graft success versus failure there is statistical significance (P Conclusions Taken together, these data demonstrate that segmental mandibular resections for benign pathology can be predictably reconstructed using non-vascular grafts up to 8.1Â ± 3.1cm. The morbidity and time of surgery of particulate marrow grafts is significantly less compared with free-flap reconstruction. Furthermore, the course of treatment in these patients is significantly decreased. This facilitates expedited convalescent care and an earlier return to normal form and function.
Criterion Activity of 1933–1935: Politics, Exhibition, Symposia, Music and the Publication

Bejan explores the extent of the association’s further cultural and intellectual activities, as well as the creation of the publication bearing the same name. In January 1933, Criterion scheduled a series entitled ‘Trends.’ Due to the Griviţa riots, Criterion was not able to resume public activity until the following fall. Then, the association held two series: one artistic, ‘Major Moments of Music,’ and another geared more toward social and political issues. By then, the Iron Guard had secured a stronghold in Bucharest, including key members of Criterion, and the association’s activity came to a halt. Certain Criterionists decided to publish a journal. Bejan addresses the relationship between the association and publication and presents an in-depth presentation and analysis of the content within Criterion.
Possible Skull Base Erosion After Prolonged Frontal Sinus Stenting

Frontal sinus stenting is widely used with the goal of maintaining nasofrontal duct patency after sinus surgery. The general recommendation is to leave stents in place for 6 months; however, prolonged stenting up to 6 years has been reported with no complication. We present the first reported case of frontal sinus posterior table and skull base erosion following prolonged frontal sinus stenting. A 57-year-old female presented with chronic sinusitis and nasal obstruction. Imaging revealed pansinusitis with retained stents in each frontal sinus that were placed 8 years prior. On the right, there was an area of skull base erosion at the tip of the stent. The patient underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery with polypectomy. The stents were removed, revealing posterior table erosion on the right side but intact mucosa. Two months after surgery, there were no signs or symptoms of cerebrospinal fluid leak or other complications. Recent literature has suggested that prolonged stenting is safe; however, this case highlights a complication with potentially serious outcomes that can result from prolonged stenting. We recommend stent removal once stable nasofrontal duct patency has been achieved. If prolonged stenting is utilized, patients should be closely monitored and consideration should be given to periodic imaging to evaluate stent position.
Stem Cell Treatment for Knee Articular Cartilage Defects and Osteoarthritis

To review the current basic science and clinical literature on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for articular cartilage defects and osteoarthritis of the knee. MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose, and umbilical tissue have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into the chondrocyte lineage. In theory, MSC therapy may help restore cartilage focally or diffusely where nascent regenerative potential in the intra-articular environment is limited. Over the last several years, in vitro and animal studies have elucidated the use of MSCs in isolation as injectables, in combination with biological delivery media and scaffolding, and as surgical adjuvants for cartilage regeneration and treatment of knee degenerative conditions. More recently, clinical and translational literature has grown more convincing from early descriptive case series to randomized controlled trials showing promise in efficacy and safety. Studies describing MSC for knee cartilage regeneration applications are numerous and varied in quality. Future research directions should include work on elucidating optimal cell concentration and dosing, as well as standardization in methodology and reporting in prospective trials. Backed by promise from in vitro and animal studies, preliminary clinical evidence on MSC therapy shows promise as a nonoperative therapeutic option or an adjuvant to existing surgical cartilage restoration techniques. While higher quality evidence to support MSC therapy has emerged over the last several years, further refinement of methodology will be necessary to support its routine clinical use.
Classification of soybean leaf wilting due to drought stress using UAV-based imagery

Abstract Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors in soybean growth and productivity. Canopy leaf wilting (i.e. fast- and slow-wilting) is considered as an important visible symptom of soybeans under drought conditions. In soybean breeding programs, genotypes with the slow-wilting trait have been identified as drought-tolerant cultivars. Traditional method measures canopy leaf wilting traits using visual observations, which is subjective and time-consuming. Recent developments of field high-throughput phenotyping technology using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based imagery have shown great potential in quantifying crop traits and detecting crop responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential use of UAV-based imagery in classifying soybean genotypes with fast- and slow-wilting traits. A UAV imaging system consisting of an RGB (Red-Green-Blue) camera, an infrared thermal camera, and a multispectral camera was used to collect imagery data of 116 soybean genotypes planted in a rain-fed breeding field at the reproductive stage. Visual-based canopy wilting scores were collected by breeders in the same day of imagery data collection. Seven image features were extracted, namely normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), green-based NDVI (gNDVI), temperature, color hue, color saturation, canopy size and plant height for quantifying canopy wilting trait. Results show that all image features significantly (p-value
Cell cycle components and their potential impact on the development of continuous in vitro penaeid cell replication.

In vitro prawn cell culture has yet to produce an established cell line. In an effort to establish some understanding of the cellular blockage that prohibits their division in vitro we conducted several studies to characterize the cytoskeletal components of hemocytes and found no cells undergoing mitosis. Following this discovery, a molecular analysis of cell division regulatory proteins was performed. Cell cycle regulatory proteins (cyclins) have been identified as essential components in the progression of all eukaryotic cells through the cell cycle. We report here the identification of cyclin A and cyclin B proteins and their cofactor (p34cdc2) in making up the mitosis promoting factor (MPF) in protein extracts from egg and muscle tissues of Penaeus vannamei. Molecular weight analysis confirmed the size of the target proteins to be similar to the same proteins identified in the Atlantic surf clam (Spisula solidissima).
Logging to the Danger Zone: Race Condition Attacks and Defenses on System Audit Frameworks

For system logs to aid in security investigations, they must be beyond the reach of the adversary. Unfortunately, attackers that have escalated privilege on a host are typically able to delete and modify log events at will. In response to this threat, a variety of secure logging systems have appeared over the years that attempt to provide tamper-resistance (e.g., write once read many drives, remote storage servers) or tamper-evidence (e.g., cryptographic proofs) for system logs. These solutions expose an interface through which events are committed to a secure log, at which point they enjoy protection from future tampering. However, all proposals to date have relied on the assumption that an event's occurrence is concomitant with its commitment to the secured log. In this work, we challenge this assumption by presenting and validating a race condition attack on the integrity of audit frameworks. Our attack exploits the intrinsically asynchronous nature of I/O and IPC activity, demonstrating that an attacker can snatch events about their intrusion out of message buffers after they have occurred but before they are committed to the log, thus bypassing existing protections. We present a first step towards defending against our attack by introducing KennyLoggings, the first kernel- based tamper-evident logging system that satisfies the synchronous integrity property, meaning that it guarantees tamper-evidence of events upon their occurrence. We implement KennyLoggings on top of the Linux kernel and show that it imposes between 8% and 11% overhead on log-intensive application workloads.
Social Media, Securities Markets, and the Phenomenon of Expressive Trading

Commentators have likened the recent surge in social-media-driven (SMD) retail trading in securities such as GameStop to a roller coaster: “You don’t go on a roller coaster because you end up in a different place, you go on it for the ride and it’s exciting because you’re part of it.” The price charts for GameStop over the past few months resemble a theme-park thrill ride. Retail traders, led by some members of the “WallStreetBets” subreddit “got on” the GameStop roller coaster at just under $20 a share in early January 2021 and rode it to almost $500 by the end of that month. Prices then dropped to around $30 dollars in February before shooting back to $200 in March. But, like most amusement park rides that end where they start, many analysts expect market forces will ultimately prevail, and GameStop’s share price will soon settle back to levels closer to what the company’s fundamentals suggest it should. Conventional wisdom counsels that bubbles driven by little more than noise and FOMO—fear of missing out—should eventually burst. There are, however, signs suggesting that something more than market noise and over-exuberance is sustaining the SMD retail trading in GameStop. There is evidence that at least some of the recent SMD retail trading in GameStop and other securities is not only motivated by the desire to make a profit, but rather to make a point. This Essay identifies and addresses the emerging phenomenon of “expressive trading”—securities trading for the purpose of political, social, or aesthetic expression—and considers some of its implications for issuers, markets, and regulators.
Shrinkage Method for Categorical Explanatory Variables

Significantly more immigrant students are served by US public schools. To provide more efficient support to those immigrant students, we need to investigate the current situation of those immigrant students and graduation rate is used as a reference of their situation. In this article, fused lasso model is used as a shrinkage method for categorical explanatory variables. Data from graduation rate of New York state are considered. The result is given that students with better English skills and from Asian/Pacific Islander are more likely to have a higher graduation rate, which may suggest language support can be an efficient way to help those immigrant students.
Density dependence in economic sectors in the Progressive Era

This analysis applies the energy–stability–area (ESA) model to the commercial and agricultural sectors during the Progressive Era. Using state-level counts of commercial and agricultural organizations derived from federal government reports, we find clear evidence that both sectors were density dependent—the number of commercial and agricultural organizations was bounded by the interested population. Additional analysis reveals that younger states had greater numbers of state and local commercial organizations than older states, and that greater government costs and constituent interest helped drive increases in agricultural organizations. The level of partisan competition and the partisan composition of the state government, however, did not systematically influence group formation in either economic sector. In total, this study provides new insights into the application of the ESA model and the development of the American interest group state.
Molecular diagnosis and prevalence of Cryptosporidium parasite in domestic bird in Diwaniya city, Iraq

This experimental designed to investigate the distribution of Cryptosporidium in domesticated birds in Diwaniya Province. For this purpose, the fecal samples were randomly collected from chickens, turkeys and wild ducks ( Ansa platyrhynchos) in different regions (rural and urban). The nested PCR technique was used to amplify an 830 bp 18S rDNA and a 1020 pb gp60 gene fragments. The results showed 31/160 (19.4%) of sample as positive for Cryptosporidium . In detail, Cryptosporidium was detecte in 26.6% (8/30) of turkeys, 17% (17/100) of domestic chicken and 23.3% (7/30) of wild ducks. The result of the nested PCR revealed C. meleagridis in 50% of domestic chicken, 27%Turkey and 19% of wild duck. The results indicate that C. meleagridis has widely distribution in domesticated bird, turkeys and wild ducks that play an important role as a natural source of cryptosporidia.
Where's the germs? The effects of using virtual reality on nursing students' hospital infection prevention during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Background Objectives Methods Results and Conclusions Implications Virtual reality can be a useful substitute to improve nursing education outside of the hospital setting. In the wake of COVID‐19, an opportunity to compare a virtual reality activity for nursing students in the traditional classroom and in an online environment took place.The goal of this study was to examine the effects of incorporating a virtual reality activity into the traditional classroom and in an online environment to enhance nursing education.Fifty nursing students participated in an exploratory descriptive study. Twenty‐five students participated face‐to‐face while in the traditional classroom setting and 25‐students participated in an online environment using a communication platform. Through a virtual reality activity, nursing students successfully created a tour which demonstrated identifying infectious sites in a hospital room setting.Results of the pre‐and post‐test showed students’ positive perceptions and performances in both traditional classroom and online settings. However, the study revealed a statistical difference between the two group perceptions towards the use of the virtual reality tour creator. Nursing students who were in the traditional classroom group found that the use the virtual reality tour creator was easier.Designing a meaningful virtual reality activity has a positive impact of the student learning experience. Students may benefit from a more through orientation to the technology prior to engaging in the activity. A carefully constructed activity can enhance student learning outside of the hospital room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Computer Assisted Learning is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Satellite Navigation Anti-Spoofing Using Deep Learning on a Receiver Network

The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) use both open-access and secure signals for terrestrial receivers to navigate, but spoofers can replicate open-access signals and cause a receiver to unknowingly lose tracking of the true signal. Under such attacks, anti-spoofing techniques are required to classify true GNSS signals from spoofed signals. Since most spoofers lack access to the codes for the secure signals, they are unable to replicate them. As such, a receiver network can use codeless processing on the secure signals to verify that the open-access signals are authentic. In this paper, deep learning is applied to classify true GNSS signals from spoofed signals using a network of receivers that does not have access to the proprietary codes used in the Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS). Specifically, the pairwise cross-correlation of different receivers is classified to detect a spoofer who cannot replicate the PRS codes. In addition, the cyclic profiles, computed from the cross-correlation cyclostationary content of the received signals, are compared. The classification is then tested on Rayleigh faded Galileo signals. Comparing the performance of long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for a noisy GNSS signal, CNN-based neural networks are shown to classify with the highest accuracy when cyclic profiles are used as the input.
The Radio Evolution of the Ordinary Type Ic Supernova SN 2002ap

We report the discovery and monitoring of radio emission from the Type Ic supernova SN 2002ap ranging in frequency from 1.43 to 22.5 GHz and in time from 4 to 50 days after the SN explosion. As in most other radio SNe, the radio spectrum of SN 2002ap shows evidence for absorption at low frequencies, usually attributed to synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) or free-free absorption. While it is difficult to discriminate between these two processes based on a goodness of fit, the unabsorbed emission in the free-free model requires an unreasonably large ejecta energy. Therefore, on physical grounds we favor the SSA model. In the SSA framework, at about day 2, the shock speed is ≈0.3c, the energy in relativistic electrons and magnetic fields is ≈1.5 × 1045 ergs, and the inferred progenitor mass-loss rate is ≈5 × 10-7 M☉ yr-1 (assuming a 103 km s-1 wind). These properties are consistent with a model in which the outer, high-velocity SN ejecta interact with the progenitor wind. The amount of relativistic ejecta in this model is small, so the presence of broad lines in the spectrum of a Type Ib/c SN as observed in SN 2002ap is not a reliable indicator of relativistic ejecta and hence γ-ray emission.
Review of "Pediatric Hydrocephalus" by Guiseppe Cinalli, Wirginia Maixner, Christian Sainte-Rose (editors)

This review summarizes the content and usefulness of this multi-author volume for those involved in the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus.
Institutional Monitoring and Corporate Restructurings

We investigate the monitoring role performed by institutional investors in corporate restructurings. We hypothesize that institutional monitoring will (1) influence a firm's decision to restructure and (2) encourage restructurings that stop poor performance before it becomes too severe (i.e. pre-emptive restructurings) and that fix performance problems more completely (i.e. thorough restructurings). Consistent with these hypotheses, we document that the level of institutional ownership (changes in transient institutional holdings) is (are) increasing (decreasing) in the probability that a firm restructures. This result holds after controlling for other determinants of the restructuring choice, including existing internal corporate governance mechanisms. The association between institutional ownership and restructuring decisions is also robust after controlling for the possible endogeniety problem using a simultaneous equations approach. Among firms that restructure, we find the level of institutional ownership increases the probability that the firm's restructuring is pre-emptive (proxied by positive or negative prior growth in ROE). We also find that institutional holdings increase the probability that a firm undergoes a restructuring that is thorough (proxied by above or below the median value of scaled restructuring charges). As a whole, the results suggest that institutional investors play an important monitoring role in encouraging managers to make value maximizing restructuring decisions.
Tailoring the shapes of FexPt100?x nanoparticles

FexPt100?x nanoparticles of varying composition have been synthesized with various shapes and sizes using a high pressure synthesis method which allows control of synthesis conditions, in particular the reaction temperature. Tailoring the shapes and sizes of FexPt1?x nanoparticles allows one to control a variety of properties that are relevant to the many potential applications of metallic nanoparticles. Shape and composition can be used to control catalytic activity and to achieve high packing density in self-assembled films. Variation of both nanoparticle size and shape has been achieved by using various different solvents. The solvents used in the nanoparticle synthesis can influence the product because they can play a role as surfactants. Using solvents of various types it has been possible to synthesize FexPt100?x nanoparticles with a variety of shapes including spherical, rod-like, cubic, hexagonal and high aspect ratio wires. Control of nanoparticle shape opens the door to their being used in various technological applications for which spherical nanoparticles are ineffective.
Growth effects of regulatory peptides on human pancreatic cancer lines PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2.

Abstract Several studies have reported effects of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides on growth of experimentally induced pancreatic neoplasms and human cancer cell lines. The growth of human pancreatic cancer lines PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 was characterized in vitro, and the effects of cholecystokinin, bombesin, insulin, epidermal growth factor, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and somatostatin were determined. Fetal bovine serum was required for initiation of growth in both cell lines. Growth effects of peptides were determined by incubating cells with peptides in serum-free medium after a 72-h preincubation in 10% serum-supplemented medium alone. Epidermal growth factor (3.4 × 10 −9 M) and insulin (10 −6 M) significantly (p −8 M) did not affect growth of either cell line. Neither cholecystokinin-8 nor [Thr 4 , Nle 7 ] cholecystokinin-9 altered growth in concentrations from 10 −12 –10 −6 M. Anchorage-dependent clonogenic growth of both cell lines was also not altered by cholecystokinin-8. Cholecystokinin added to cultures was degraded by separate effects of serum and cells. Addition of cholecystokinin-8 to cultures every 8 h maintained cholecystokinin levels but did not alter cell growth. These data support roles for epidermal growth factor and insulin as growth factors for human pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Acetylcholine receptor regulation in L5 muscle cells is independent of increases in collagen secretion induced by ascorbic acid

Ascorbic acid is the active component of fetal brain extract that induces increased acetylcholine receptor (AChR) expression in L5 rat clonal muscle cell cultures. The induction of AChR expression, as determined by 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding, occurs with a delay of 20-25 h. We report that the delayed increase in AChR can be triggered by a 5-h exposure to ascorbic acid. These studies suggest that intermediary processes may be involved. Ascorbic acid treatment also causes a threefold increase in collagen secretion in L5 cultures by 3 h. The rapid increase in collagen secretion and the delayed induction of surface AChR suggested that there may be a link between these two responses. However, although bacterial collagenase eliminates secreted collagen, it had no effect on the increase in surface AChR. Thus, the ascorbic acid effect on elevating AChR expression is independent of its effect on collagen secretion.
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS (TORULOSIS) IN CHILDREN. A REPORT OF FOUR CASES.

Four cases of disseminated cryptococcosis in children are reported, two of whom had cryptococcosis without involvement of the central nervous system. All but one patient, a child with leukemia, survived. Two of the survivors were treated with amphotericin B intravenously, while one child recovered after long-term sulfadiazine therapy. Cryptococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disease in children with unexplained fever, lymphadenopathay, hepatosplenomegaly, or pulmonary involvement. Central nervous system involvement is not invariably present, and can be prevented if therapy with amphotericin B is instituted early. The necessity of appropriate and repeated fungal cultures is emphasized.
Financial Capital Structure and Small Business Viability

This study reports small business discontinuance rates for large nationwide samples of firms that were operating in 1982. Firms still in business in late 1986 were disproportionately the larger scale operations: a strong inverse relationship exists between firm size and likelihood of discontinuance. Econometric models are estimated that seek to differentiate traits of owners whose firms are still operating in late 1986 from those whose businesses had discontinued. Explanatory variables used to differentiate surviving firms from discontinuances include qualitative and quantitative measures of owner human capital, demographic traits, and owner financial capital inputs at the point of business startup. Higher business discontinuance rates are particularly pronounced among firms formed with small amounts of financial capital by owners whose educational backgrounds are weak. The high failure rates that are often assumed to typify younger small businesses were not observed among firms that were well endowed with owner financial capital and human capital inputs.
Treatment of eccrine porocarcinoma with Mohs micrographic surgery: a cases series and literature review

Background Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare malignant tumor of the eccrine sweat gland. It is a potentially fatal neoplasm that is locally aggressive and commonly recurs. Wide surgical excision has traditionally been the treatment of choice and is curative in approximately 70–80% of cases. The disease is metastatic to lymph nodes and distant sites in 20% and 10% of cases, respectively. Metastatic EPC has not shown any great response to adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for EPC as an alternative to wide local excision. Methods Five patients diagnosed with EPS between 2011 and 2014 at the University of Louisville and treated with MMS were studied. Recurrence-free periods subsequent to the treatment of EPC with MMS were measured. Results The five patients with EPC treated by MMS remained recurrence-free for a mean of 11 months (range: 2–26 months). Conclusions Mohs micrographic surgery is a highly effective treatment for EPC. Given the high rate of recurrence, propensity for lymph node metastases, and the often ineffective options for treating advanced disease, MMS should be considered in the treatment of all cases of EPC.
Avian gastrointestinal motor function

The sections in this article are: 1 Gross Anatomy 1.1 Mouth and Pharynx 1.2 Esophagus and Crop 1.3 Glandular Stomach 1.4 Muscular Stomach 1.5 Small Intestine 1.6 Ceca, Rectum, and Cloaca 1.7 Liver and Pancreas 2 Methods of Study of Motility in Birds 3 Prehension and Swallowing 4 Motility of Esophagus and Crop 5 Motility of Stomach and Duodenum 5.1 Motility Patterns: Fowl 5.2 Regulation of Motility: Fowl 5.3 Motility Patterns: Raptors 5.4 Regulation of Motility: Raptors 6 Motility of Ileum, Ceca, and Rectum 6.1 Ileum 6.2 Ceca 6.3 Rectum 7 Passage Rate
Understanding empowerment and resolving its paradox

This paper introduces and reviews current understanding of the empowerment construct, recognizing Mary Parker Follett’s contribution to this area. Common themes between the empowerment literature and Follett’s writing are identified with special emphasis placed on the “Empowerment Paradox.” The paradox is described and suggestions for how Follett’s writing can help inform us are included. The paper concludes with directions for future research.
Cyclic deformation and fracture of polymers

The cyclic stress-strain behaviour of a wide variety of rigid polymers has been studied. Three classes of fatigue response can be defined, each class displaying a characteristic evolutionary pattern in the stress-strain relation as deformation proceeds from the initial fatigue cycle to fatigue-crack propagation. Ductile polymers undergo a marked decrease in deformation resistance prior to crack formation; the detailed mechanism by which this “softening” develops can be related to the material microstructure and thermomechanical history. Amorphous polymers with a moderate degree of ductility soften slightly; in these materials crazing plays a dominant role in both the cyclic stress-strain response and the structural fatigue resistance. Brittle and nearly-brittle polymers are essentially stable in cyclic deformation; the fatigue resistance of these materials is very sensitive to strain amplitude in cyclic deformation.
A perspective on subjective probability for prediction and decision

Abstract The problem of assigning a meaningful subjective probability measure on a set of predictive models (inductive hypothesis) is considered. An outperformance construct is suggested as a means of reducing this to the more tractable task of assessing the distribution on a set of realizable events. Further issues on the precise interpretation of subjective probability estimation from the perspective of the decision-oriented forecaster are then considered.
OCLC Spine Label Displays and DOS Files

We have had a number of questions about OCLC spine label displays. Two types of displays, known as “s14” and “s16”, are currently available. Each contains a single spine label and two book card and pocket labels. Some users require only a spine label or some other variation of the spine label displays, so we plan to increase the number of displays. In addition to the “s14” and “s16” displays, users will be able to request a spine label only, or two spine labels, or a spine label with a single book pocket label. These displays should help a number of libraries.
Effect of estradiol on the transfer rate of small molecules into the rat uterus.

The uterus-to-serum distribution ratio has been studied for urea-C 14 as a function of time, and for sucrose-C 14 at an early time after injection of the substance into rats. For both substances, estrogen influences the rate of passage between plasma and uterus.
An unsteady lifting-line theory

A lifting-line theory is developed for wings of large aspect ratio undergoing time-harmonic oscillations, uniformly from high to low frequencies. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to enforce the compatibility of two approximate solutions valid far from and near the wing surface. The far-field velocity potential is expressed as a distribution of normal dipoles on the wake, and its expansion near the wing span leads to an expression for the oscillatory downwash. The near-field flow is two-dimensional. A particular solution is obtained from strip theory and a homogeneous component is added to account for the spanwise hydrodynamic interactions. The compatibility of the inner and outer solutions leads to an integral equation for the distribution of circulation along the wing span. In the zero-frequency limit it reduces to that in Prandtl's lifting-line theory, and for high frequencies it tends to the two-dimensional strip theory. Lift computations are presented for an elliptic and a rectangular wing of aspect ratio A = 4.
Effects of Small-Group Reading Instruction and Curriculum Differences for Students Most at Risk in Kindergarten Two-Year Results for Secondary- and Tertiary-Level Interventions

This article describes the implementation of small-group reading instruction as secondary- and tertiary-level components of a three-tier model of prevention and intervention. The study consisted of 83 students who were targeted in the winter of kindergarten as being at high risk for reading failure. Intervention consisted of evidence-based curriculum delivered in groups of one to six students during 30- to 40-min sessions a minimum of three times per week over a 2-year period. Outcome data were collected for early literacy skills, using the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills and Woodcock Reading Mastery Test, with comparisons across the different curricula. Results indicated that students in the more directed, explicit intervention groups generally out-performed students in the comparison group. Implications for future research and practice implementing schoolwide three-tier prevention models are discussed.