cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1851: Colorectal adenomatous polyps and mitochondrial DNA variants

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Patients with adenomatous polyps have a threefold higher risk of colon cancer over the general population, which increases to sixfold if the polyps are multiple and with lower survival among African American population. Up to now, only 6% of CRC can be ascribed to mutations in particular genes. Moreover, the optimal management of patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps depends on the accuracy of appropriate staging strategies because patients with similar colorectal adenocarcinoma architecture display heterogeneity in the course and outcome of the disease. In this study, using high resolution restriction endonucleases and PCR-based sequencing, we have potentially identified some distinctive mitochondrial DNA restriction sites and sequence polymorphisms that distinguished variants among colorectal adenomatous polyps and between pre-cancer and carcinoma in the regions of ND, CYTO b, ATPase and COX genes. The distribution of some of the observed mtDNA sequence variants includes:0% (0/161) tubular, 1.2% (12/161) tubulovillous, 54% (87/161) villous, and 94.4% (152/161) cancer . The restriction analysis, using HINC II enzyme, identified a number of band shifts indicating site gains or losses in differentiating between colorectal adenomatous polyps and cancer. Results are the first study to systemic survey mitochondrial genome alterations on the pathology and clinical significance of colonic adenocarcinoma with villous architecture. This abstract was supported by NIH-NIGMS # GM099663. Citation Format: Felix O. Aikhionbare, Sharifeh Mehrabi, Shakeria Cohen, Xuebiao Yao, Osatohamwen Iyamu. Colorectal adenomatous polyps and mitochondrial DNA variants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1851. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1851
Binding of Iron and Copper to Bovine Heart Mitochondria: II. EFFECT ON MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM

Abstract Fe2+ at a concentration of 1 mm caused 50% inhibition of oxygen uptake with all substrates tested (except ascorbate). Fe2+ had no effect on oxidative phosphorylation, ATP-energized reduction of NAD+ by succinate, ATP-energized reduction of NADP+ by NADH, or on substrate or ATP-supported accumulation of Ca2+, but was effective in stimulating ATPase activity under a variety of conditions. It was concluded that Fe2+ was not an inhibitor of energy utilization by the mitochondria. Fe3+ resembled Fe2+ in stimulating ATPase activity and inhibiting oxygen uptake. However, in addition, Fe3+ at concentrations of 0.25 to 0.5 mm inhibited oxidative phosphorylation, the energized reduction of pyridine nucleotides, and energized Ca2+ accumulation. Sites in the respiratory chain sensitive to Fe3+ were localized in the succinateubiquinone segment of the respiratory chain, on the oxygen side of the flavin moiety of succinate dehydrogenase, and in the NADH-ubiquinone segment of the respiratory chain on the oxygen side of the component (nonheme iron?), which reacts with ferricyanide. It is suggested that Fe3+ may inhibit energy-linked reactions by reacting with those thiols or nonheme iron proteins which have been implicated by others as playing a role in the coupling process. The effects of Cu2+ on mitochondrial metabolism resembled those of Fe3+, except that Cu2+ was a much more potent inhibitor. All of the above mentioned energy-linked reactions were completely inhibited by 10 to 25 µm Cu2+. Oxygen uptake was inhibited at higher Cu2+ concentrations (50 to 100 µm), while ATPase activity showed the least sensitivity to Cu2+, there being 50% inhibition at 500 µm Cu2+. Cu2+ was also capable of displacing Ca2+ that had already been bound by the mitochondria in an energy-dependent reaction. This displacement was independent of any effect of Cu2+ on energy production and points to the ability of Cu2+ to inhibit the binding of Ca2+ to its specific binding sites. Cu2+ inhibited all those reactions in which succinate acted as the electron donor, and it appears as though Cu2+ inhibits succinate dehydrogenase directly. A Cu2+-sensitive site was also present in the NADH-ubiquinone segment, beyond that component which reacted with ferricyanide. It is suggested that Cu2+ inhibits energy-linked reactions in a similar manner as do the mercurials, i.e. by reacting with essential thiol groups of the coupling process.
The conscience of an organization:: the ethics office

Today’s businesses consist of diverse employees, many of whom are in a state of cognitive moral confusion. Some have trouble distinguishing right from wrong. Others question whether such standards even exist. Many businesses need a constant presence that reminds everyone to do the right thing. The name of that ethical conscience is the “ethics office.” Some companies have moved beyond compliance to an integrity‐based approach to ethics management, building a culture that embraces core values and an uncompromising implementation of legal and ethical principles. These guiding principles are embodied in the strategic planning process and evidenced in the daily decision making and actions of the firm. In integrity‐based companies, the ethics office truly serves as the organizational conscience, gently reminding management and employees alike to remember their ethical compass.
Eduard Jaeger's Test-Types (Schrift-Scalen) and the historical development of vision tests.

Abstract PURPOSE: Eduard Jaeger's original Test-Types were carefully evaluated: (1) to determine whether Jaeger had maintained a consistent standard, (2) to establish the correct Snellen equivalent for Jaeger's Test-Types, (3) to answer the question of why and how the standard was lost, and (4) to compare the visual angle of optotypes to lines of continuous text. METHODS: All original Viennese editions of Jaeger's Test-Types, as well as first generation United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US) versions, were evaluated. Data were collected objectively using a microruler with a 20X loupe and subjectively using a laser distance-measuring device. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. All previous measurements of Jaeger's Test-Types, objective and subjective, collected over the past 133 years were compared to the current data and to each other. RESULTS: The correct Snellen equivalent of Jaeger's Test-Types was determined. The visual angle created from the measurement of the height of lowercase letters, without ascenders or descenders, provides an accurate method of assigning a visual angle of a line of continuous text. Comparing the typefaces used in printing first generation UK and US versions of Jaeger's Test-Types to the Viennese editions provided an explanation for the absence of a consistent standard for Jaeger's Test-Types today. CONCLUSIONS: All 10 versions of Jaeger's original Test-Types are virtually identical and established a gold standard for reading vision tests. Jaeger's standard was lost when his Test-Types were first printed in the UK and the US using local typefaces. The Jaeger standard has been re-established. Visual angles determined using continuous text are comparable to those obtained by using optotypes.
Concurrent Programs as Strategies in Games

Running a newly written concurrent program feels, to the Programmer, like a contest with the Computer, in which the Computer is a devilish opponent trying its level best to execute the program in such a way that the program specification is violated. We make this into mathematics and into the basis of concurrent programming.
Trehalose Synthesis during Differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum I. ANALYSIS AND PREDICTIONS BY COMPUTER SIMULATION

Abstract Kinetic models have been constructed which simulate the accumulation of trehalose during differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. These models predict that trehalose synthetase activity in vivo does not increase during the same period in which in vitro analyses indicate an accumulation of this enzyme. The models also predict that the rate of trehalose synthesis in vivo should increase very rapidly over a brief period of time late in culmination, and be of the order of 0.03 µmole per min per ml of packed cells.
Regulation of Expression and Activity of DNA (cytosine-5) Methyltransferases in Mammalian Cells

Three active DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases (DNMTs) have been identified in mammalian cells, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b. DNMT1 is primarily a maintenance methyltransferase, as it prefers to methylate hemimethylated DNA during DNA replication and in vitro. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are de novo methyltransferases and show similar activity on unmethylated and hemimethylated DNA. DNMT3L, which lacks the catalytic domain, binds to DNMT3A and DNMT3B variants and facilitates their chromatin targeting, presumably for de novo methylation. There are several mechanisms by which mammalian cells regulate DNMT levels, including varied transcriptional activation of the respective genes and posttranslational modifications of the enzymes that can affect catalytic activity, targeting, and enzyme degradation. In addition, binding of miRNAs or RNA-binding proteins can also alter the expression of DNMTs. These regulatory processes can be disrupted in disease or by environmental factors, resulting in altered DNMT expression and aberrant DNA methylation patterns.
Effect of Oral H2‐Receptor Antagonists on Left Ventricular Systolic Function and Exercise Capacity in Patients with Chronic Stable Heart Failure

Study objective To evaluate the effect of cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, and placebo on left ventricular systolic function, aerobic metabolic performance, and exercise capacity in patients with chronic, stable heart failure. Design Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, four-way crossover study. Setting Outpatient, university-affiliated cardiology clinic. Patients Twelve men with stable New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease or hypertension. Interventions Patients received in random sequence cimetidine 400 mg twice/day, famotidine 40 mg/day, ranitidine 150 mg twice/day, and placebo. Each treatment was administered for 7 days, and the periods were separated by a 1-week washout. Measurements and main results Before and after each treatment, patients underwent a bicycle stress echocardiogram with aerobic metabolic assessment. Left ventricular function was evaluated by calculating ejection phase indexes from Doppler echocardiographic measurements. All 12 patients successfully completed the study. No patient reported any adverse effect attributed to study drugs. None of the treatments was associated with significant changes in any measure of left ventricular systolic function, aerobic metabolic performance, or exercise capacity, nor were placebo-subtracted differences for the agents significantly different for any of the three measures. Conclusion The three H2-receptor antagonists administered for 7 days at clinical dosages have no significant effect on left ventricular systolic function, aerobic metabolic performance, or exercise capacity in men with class II or III stable heart failure.
Group Symmetries and Information Propagation

Spectroscopy concerns itself with the ways in which the Hamiltonian and other interesting operators defined in few-particle spaces are determined or determine properties of many-particle systems. But the action of the central limit theorem (CLT) filters the transmission of information between source and observer so whether propagating forward from a few-particle defining space, as is usual in theoretical studies, or projecting backward to it from measured things, each is only sensitive to averaged properties of the other.1 Our concern is with the propagation of spectroscopic information in the presence of good symmetries when filtering action of the CLT is effective. Specifically, we propose to address the question, “What propagates and how?”
Faults as conduit-barrier systems to fluid flow in siliciclastic sedimentary aquifers

[1] We argue that the observed conduit-barrier behavior of fault zones in siliciclastic sedimentary aquifer systems can be understood by considering a strongly anisotropic hydraulic structure in the fault. Hydraulic anisotropy in the fault is expected from a variety of mechanisms including clay-smearing, drag of sand, grain re-orientation and vertical segmentation of the fault plane. In this paper, we present an algorithm to predict fault zone width, lithological heterogeneity and hydraulic anisotropy. Estimation of these parameters is based upon the amount of fault throw and the clay-content of the lithologies flanking the fault zone. A suite of steady-state flow models are presented using an idealized stratigraphy consisting of alternating clay and sand-rich layers that are offset by a fault zone. These conceptual simulations show the impact of a fault zone on shallow (<500 m) fluid flow patterns and solute transport for different scenarios of fault throw. Fault width varies along the fault zone and increases from an average width of ~2 m for a throw of 50 m to ~8 m for a throw of 200 m. Hydraulic anisotropy in the fault zone in these scenarios is predicted to range between two to three orders of magnitude. Our results show that faults can form a preferential path way between aquifers at different depths over vertical distances of several hundreds of meters (that are otherwise separated by confining units) when fault permeability is strongly anisotropic. However, in the same scenario anomalously high hydraulic head gradients across the fault would still suggest that they act as an effective barrier to lateral groundwater flow. This has important implications for the assessment of the risk of a spread of contaminated groundwater or the reconstruction of hydrocarbon migration within sedimentary basins.
Sequential infusion of donor‐derived dendritic cells with donor lymphocyte infusion for relapsed hematologic cancers after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is often given to induce a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, efficacy of DLI is limited in most hematologic cancers. As antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DC) bolster immune responses. We conducted a Phase I trial testing the coinfusion of DC followed by DLI. DC were generated by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLA matched-related donors in GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days, followed by TNF-α for 3 days. DC were administered intravenously on 3 dose levels (5 × 106; 1 × 107; 5 × 107 cells). DLI (3 × 107 CD3+ cells/kg) was administered intravenously 1 day after the DC. Sixteen patients with hematologic cancers relapsed after HSCT were treated. A maximum tolerated dose for DC was not reached. Two of 16 patients met criteria for DLT within 10 weeks of the infusion: 1 idiopathic respiratory failure, 1 ventricular cardiac arrest. None developed grade III/IV GVHD. One patient developed grade II acute intestinal graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) and 1 chronic GVHD within 6 months of the infusion. Both resolved with corticosteroids. Four of 14 patients evaluable for disease response achieved durable remissions and are alive and cancer free 6.7, 8.4, 8.8, and 10.1 years from infusion. Sequential infusion of donor-derived DC with DLI is feasible in patients with relapsed hematologic cancers after allogeneic HSCT. Future studies may consider donor DC preloaded with tumor antigens to investigate whether DC infusion could augment the GVL effect. Am. J. Hematol. 89:1092–1096, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation and detection of doxylamine and its rhesus monkey urinary metabolites by high resolution gas chromatography utilizing nitrogen/phosphorus detection

A high resolution gas chromatographic method is described for the separation of rhesus monkey urinary metabolites of doxylamine with the use of on-column injection, a fused silica column (DB-1701), and nitrogen/phosphorus detection. An ancillary separation of doxylamine and six other antihistamines is also presented.
An empirical Bayes procedure for adaptive forecasting of shrimp yield

In order to make decisions regarding when to harvest cultured shrimp, short-term forecasts of future growth must be compared with expected future costs and changes in the value of the shrimp harvested. As with most agricultural products, researchers and business professionals collect and maintain data on the various factors that influence growth. Though many general fixed relationships between, say salinity, temperature, time and turbidity are known, exactly how these affect a particular crop changes from year to year. Vitality of the stock, unmeasured characteristics of the pond, and other factors which vary over time have a significant affect on the yield of a harvest. Consequently, to make reasonable short-term forecasts, forecasting models must include both the general factors gathered from past experience and crop specific variations from these overall effects. This paper presents a method of obtaining such a forecasting equation using a general mixed model setup currently available in many computer packages. These general formulas are illustrated with a real life example. SAS code necessary to implement the analysis is also included. The paper concludes by presenting a general equation for short-term forecasts using the estimates obtained from a SAS analysis.
Mechanisms of Caspase Activation and Inhibition during Apoptosis

Caspases are central components of the machinery responsible for apoptosis. Recent structural and biochemical studies on procaspases, IAPs, Smac/DIABLO, and apoptosome have revealed a conserved mechanism of caspase activation and inhibition. This article reviews these latest advances and presents our current understanding of caspase regulation during apoptosis.
Oligosaccharide microanalysis by C.D. spectroscopy. Reference curves for d-mannose derivatives

Abstract This study completes the spectroscopic basis for a novel oligosaccharide microanalytical method, wherein a derivatization sequence provides monosaccharide subunits bearing two types of exciton-coupling chromophore groups (“bichromophoric”) for circular dichroic spectroscopy, namely 4-bromobenzoate (λ max 245 nm) and 4-methoxycinnamate (λ max 311 nm). The 24 possible derivatives of methyl α- d -manopyranoside bearing two chromophore and two acetate groups have been prepared and their c.d. spectra recorded. These spectra have been used to calculate the c.d. curves of the 14 possible tetrachromophoric derivatives according to the pairwise additivity rule. The accuracy of these calculations has been demonstrated for six representative derivatives. The c.d. curves obtained here, together with curves of the corresponding d -glucose and d -galactose derivatives, comprise a set of 42 unique and distinctive spectra which can be utilized to identify sugars and their linkage patterns, and thus represent the basis for an alternative to methylation analysis which does not rely upon synthetic standards.
AIDS Information in the United States, Sweden, and the Netherlands: A look at programs, services, and attitudes, with suggestions for new directions

We all know that the AIDS threat to society is alarming. It is not only a serious health problem but it has become a problem of education and information as well. By the end of 1991, AIDS is predicted to be the second leading cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease. More people will die from AIDS than from cancers or accidents; and the direct health cost for caring for the estimated 145,000 AIDS patients in 1991 will be between 8 and 16 million dollars.
ZERO AND FINITE TEMPERATURE STUDY OF SINGLE FULLERENE CAGES AND CARBON “ONIONS” — GEOMETRY AND SHAPE

Scaling arguments are used to show that above a critical size of several thousand atoms, there is a stability crossover from single to multilayer cages. Conjugate gradient minimization using a classical three-body interatomic potential, as well as tight-binding electronic structure calculations yield ground-state configurations for large fullerene shells that are polyhedral with clearly faceted geometry. The structure, energetics and configurational entropy associated with low-energy defects are calculated and the number of defects estimated as a function of temperature. The role of these thermally generated defects on the shape of large fullerenes is investigated in order to explain the nearly spherical shapes of the newly discovered carbon “onions”.
Are Virtual Worlds (still) Relevant in Education

We have seen the idea of virtual worlds in education run the gamut of reactions over the last few years. From early unknowns, to excitement, to evangelism and early adopters, and to today's somewhat jaded and cautious reactions, virtual worlds in education have been a hotly debated topic. So, we ask, are virtual worlds still relevant in education? Have they ever been? Will they be in the future?
Conformational studies on pyranoid sugar derivatives by n.m.r. spectroscopy. The conformational equilibria of the peracetylated 1,2-trans 1-thioaldopentopyranoses in solution☆☆☆

Abstract The chair-chair conformational equilibria in a solution have been measured, by the n.m.r.-spectral method of averaging of spin coupling, for the 1-thio- d -aldopentopyranose tetraacetates having the β-ribo(1), α-arabino(2), β-xylo(3), and α-lyxo(4) configurations. The axial-directing influence of the 1-acetylthio group is weaker than that of the 1-methoxyl, 1-acetoxy, or 1-benzoyloxy group in those configurations (β-ribo and α-lyxo) where an axial 1-substituent does not have a syn-axial group at C-3; this weaker axial-directing effect can be explained on steric grounds. In contrast, in those configurations (β-xylo and α-arabino) where the axial 1-substituent is syn-axial to the 3-substituent, the axial-directing effect of the 1-acetylthio group is stronger, being comparable to that of the acetoxy group in 3 and stronger than that of the benzoyloxy, acetoxy, and methoxyl groups in 2. An attractive interaction between syn-axial groups may be the cause of the behavior observed with 2 and 3.
Numerical Computations of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Gas Injected Iron Baths

The time evolution of the flow and temperature fields in industrial scale gas-injected molten iron baths are numerically analyzed. For the vertical injection case, a cylindrical vessel, containing molten iron, is considered. For the horizontal injection system, a cubical vessel is chosen. The Eulerian approach is used for the formulation of both the gas and the liquid phase transports. Turbulence in the liquid phase is predicted using a two-equation k-e Model. A constant effective viscosity is used for the gas phase turbulence. For the interphase friction and heat transfer coefficients, correlations from the literature are used. In order to realistically model the volume expansion due to gas injection, the computational domain is extended beyond the initial undisturbed liquid height.
Thumb-sucking revisited

Abstract The present article has traced the development of thumb-sucking from a rooting and placing reflex through the learning and habituation of the response. On the basis of the research presented, it is concluded that thumb-sucking may be unrelated to the emotionality of the child. In addition, it appears that the response can be consolidated by giving the child the opportunity to suck his thumb and fingers continually. The habit is relatively innocuous, from a psychological point of view, but there is evidence that it is not innocuous from a dental standpoint. We have indicated that punitive measures probably are not harmful to the child and can be used successfully in the correction of this habit. However, we do believe that positive reinforcement for not sucking the thumb (that is, giving attention to the child when he is not sucking his thumb and pointing this out to him) is a better method of dealing with this habit. Unfortunately, it is apparent that this is a rather difficult approach. The so-called “punitive” measure, such as “gloving” the hands or utilizing dental appliances, will most likely be more convenient and reliable and will lead to rapid extinction of this undesirable and dentally destructive habit.
Syntheses of novel bicyclic β-lactams by intramolecular nucleophile transfer reactions of N-tosyloxy β-lactams

Abstract Intramolecular nucleophile transfer reaction of several N -tosyloxy β-lactams was applied to construct a new six-membered ring in the product bicy
Studies toward the optimization of ion polishing for multilayer x-ray mirrors

Multilayer mirrors of Co, Ni or Ru with spacer layer of C or B4C are fabricated by electron-beam deposition with ion polishing of all metal layers. Improved performance over previous work is obtained for the mirrors containing Co and Ru. Very smooth boundaries are obtained for Ni films, however, this smoothness is only obtained for coatings with a small number of layers.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Particulate matter and metals partitioning in highway rainfall-runoff

This study investigated the particulate matter (PM) and metals in highway dry deposition and rainfall-runoff as a function of hydrologic transport and settling on an event basis. Events were differentiated as mass-limited (ML) and flow-limited (FL). Results indicate that unique and separate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) relationships with turbidity occurred for ML and FL events. Sixty minutes of quiescent settling produced a single SSC-turbidity relationship for all events. ML events transport higher proportions of settleable and sediment PM while FL events transported relatively higher suspended PM. For batch clarification with one hour of settling, ML events had generally higher treatment efficiencies compared to FL events for the same settling conditions. Highway dry deposition PM was hetero-disperse and coarse (d50 m = 304 μm). Results indicate that the acidic rainfall is not a significant contributor to metals in runoff but is capable of leaching metals from dry deposition PM into runoff. Partitioning in retained runoff resulted in a particulate-bound predominance for most metals except Ca and Mg. While the finer fraction of dry deposition PM ( 75 μm).
Resolved psoriasis lesions retain expression of a subset of disease-related genes

Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory disease that usually heals without visible scarring. Histological evaluation often suggests complete resolution, but reversal of genomic disease-associated alterations has not yet been defined. Gene expression profiling was used to determine the extent to which the psoriasis genes were reversed after 3 months of etanercept treatment in patients who responded to treatment. We reviewed the histology, leukocyte counts, and PCR data for inflammatory genes, to compare recovery of these parameters and the genomic studies. Many cellular markers do return close to nonlesional levels, although five inflammatory genes did not improve by >75% (IL-12p35, MX1, IL-22, IL-17, and IFNγ). Psoriasis-related genes with
Reaction between silane and the lattice oxygen of transition metal oxides

The reaction between SiH4 and the lattice oxygen of NiO, CoO, or Fe2O3 was investigated by pulse mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) techniques. The pulse reaction indicated that almost no homogeneous conversion of SiH4 took place until 400 °C; the conversion was, however, 19% over NiO, at the low temperature of 100 °C. The conversions over oxides followed the sequence CoO > Fe2O3 > NiO. The TEM and XPS investigations allowed one to conclude that SiH4 is converted into amorphous SiO2 and NiSiO3 over NiO and into amorphous SiHxOy over CoO and Fe2O3, with a value of y larger over Fe2O3. The bond strength between the lattice oxygen and the transition metal is mainly responsible for the above behavior; the weaker the bond strength, the easier the oxidation.
Low-Temperature Recrystallization of Franciscan Greywackes from Pacheco Pass, California

Low-temperature metamorphism of the Franciscan complex at Pacheco Pass occurs at P-T conditions near the so-called jadeite isograd. Along Highway 152 in the Diablo Range, from west to east, four distinct prograde metamorphic zones are defined: (I) albite-quartz zone, (II) albite-rich, albite-quartz clino- pyroxene assemblage, (Ili) clinopyroxene-rich, albite- quartz clinopyroxene assemblage, and (IV) clino- pyroxene zone. Metamorphic pyroxenes are restricted to zones II, III, and IV in metagreywackes, but metabasites contain augite-rich pyroxenes even in zone I. With increasing grade, the compositions of pyroxene in meta- greywackes change in Xjd from nearly 100 in zone II to about 60 in zone III. The diopside component has little effect on the Xjd of pyroxene. The apparent change of Xjd reflects differences in pressure and temperature rather than in bulk rock composition. In metagreywackes, at the onset of zone II, albite breaks down to form Jdl00 according to the reaction Ab = Jd+Qz. With in- creasing grade, this reaction leads to less jadeitic pyr- oxene. From zones II to III, a continuous reaction is delineated: Qz+2 pyroxenes (JdsoAClsAUgs)=pyr- oxene (Jd60mc30 Auglo ) + Ab. The metamorphic temperatures are estimated to be about 170 ~ in zones I and II, and about 230 ~ in zones II and III. The temperature variation recorded in a single rock is probably less than 30~ The pressure estimate depends on the choice of experimental data for the jadeite albite-quartz curve; it ranges from 4.5 to 8 kbar. A gently folded thermal structure of the Cretaceous sub- duction zone metamorphism is postulated for this area.
Electrochemical Tuning of the Dielectric Function of Au Nanoparticles

The tunable dielectric response of Au nanoparticles under electrochemical bias can be interpreted in terms of changes in the surface charge density, surface damping, and the near-surface volume fraction of the nanoparticles that experience a modified dielectric function, as well as changes in the index of refraction of the surrounding electrolyte medium. Using experimental bias-dependent extinction measurements, we derive a potential-dependent dielectric function for Au nanoparticles that accounts for changes in the physical properties contributing to the optical extinction.
Magnetic Alloys in Nanoscale Biomaterials

Fe−Co composition gradient and Fe−Pt multilayer alloy films were tested as catalysts for groving vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The Fe−Co film yielded nanofibers with alloy tips in a wide compositional range varying from 8.15 pct Fe at the Co-rich end to 46.29 pct Fe in the middle of the wafer as determined by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Two Fe−Co cubic phases (SG Pm3m, \({\text{P}}m\overline 3 m\) were identified by preliminary X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Magnetic measurements showed a substantially greater hysteresis loop area and coercivity in Fe−Co catalyst nanoparticles as compared to the asdeposited Fe−Co film. The Fe−Pt film did not break into FePt alloy nanoparticles under the applied processing parameters and thus the utility of FePt as a VACNF catalyst has been inconclusive.
Trace components in lepidopterous sex attractants.

For the noctuids Polia atlantica (Grote), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) and the pyralid Loxostege chortalis (Grote), defined synthetic sex attractants were demonstrated in which optimal co-attractant effect was reached below 1% content. Additional trace components increased the attraction of each of the noctuids. Some problems in the use of sex lures involving trace components are discussed.
Inclusion of Part-Time Faculty for the Benefit of Faculty and Students

The new majority of faculty in today's colleges and universities are part-time, yet sizable gaps exist in the research on their needs, interests, and experiences. Further, the peer-reviewed scholarship is largely quantitative. Principally, it focuses on the utility of the adjunct work force, comparisons between part-time and full-time faculty, and personal, institutional, or systemic stressors related to institutional reliance on a part-time workforce. The purpose of this study is to ascertain, through qualitative inquiry, the experiences of part-time faculty at a mid-sized, comprehensive public university. Data from 85 participants were coded, analyzed, and integrated into three core themes. The first, receiving outreach, speaks to inconsistent outreach, messaging, and communication from and across the institution. Mentoring was identified as a prevailing sub-theme and a plausible method of mitigating extant disconnects. The second core theme, navigating challenges, classified the teaching quandaries rev...
Stereocontrol in radical Mannich equivalents for aminosugar synthesis: haloacetal and 2-(phenylthio)vinyl tethered radical additions to α-hydroxyhydrazones

Abstract Studies of stereocontrol in two types of radical equivalents of Mannich addition reactions offer new insights for application to aminosugar synthesis. In the first method, haloacetal addition (Ueno–Stork reaction) is extended to dihydroxyhydrazones, leading to an adduct with the unexpected 3-epi- l -daunosamine configuration. A neighboring α-benzyloxy substituent causes a dramatic reversal of stereocontrol compared with hydrazones where this substituent is absent; vicinal dipole repulsion is proposed to account for the diastereoselectivity. In the second method, radical addition–cyclization with thiophenol and treatment with fluoride leads to diastereoselective group transfer from a silicon-tethered ethynyl group to the C N bond of hydrazones, affording anti-hydrazino alcohols with a trans-2-(phenylthio)vinyl substituent. The one-pot process occurs under neutral, tin-free radical conditions, and offers stereocontrol which is complementary to the haloacetal method. Synthetic utility of the radical Mannich concept is demonstrated in a brief asymmetric synthesis of N-trifluoroacetyl- l -daunosamine from achiral precursors.
The effects of Li2SO4 addition, moisture, and LiOH on the ionic conductivity of Li5AIO4

Abstract The ionic conductivity and thermal properties of 80Li5AlO4 + 20Li2SO4, 75Li2SO4 + 25LiOH, and 50Li2SO4 + 50LiOH composite polycrystalline samples have been determined in both wet and dry environments. A large increase in the ionic conductivity of 80Li5AlO4 + 20Li2SO4 in a wet environment above ∼350°C is due to the presence of LiOH. This same increase in conductivity is found for the two LiOH + Li2SO4 mixtures and is related to a eutectic reaction in the Li2SO4LiOH system. The phase diagram for the Li2SO4LiOH system was determined and supports this conclusion. The conductivity of 80Li5AlO4 + 20Li2SO4 in a dry environment is thermally activated [ σ = σ 0 exp ( −E kT ) ] with E = 0.66 eV and σ 0 = 450 (Ω- cm ) −1 . The addition of Li2SO4 to Li5AlO4 increases the total conductivity but decreases the electronic conductivity. Pressed pellets of Li5AlO4 and 80Li5AlO4 + 20Li2SO4 are stable in lithium up to at least 550 and 450°C, respectively.
Simultaneous functional-unit binding and floorplanning

As device feature size decreases, interconnection delay becomes the dominating factor of system performance. Thus it is important that accurate physical information is used during high level synthesis. In this paper, we consider the problem of simultaneously performing functional-unit binding and floorplanning. Experimental results indicate that our approach to combine binding and floorplanning is superior to the traditional approach of separating the two tasks.
Psychiatric symptoms in patients with asthma: Causality, comorbidity, or shared genetic etiology

Despite the range of diverse studies that attempt to understand the comorbidity of asthma and psychiatric diagnoses, it is still not possible to provide a reliable quantitative estimate of the increased risk for anxiety and mood disorders in children with asthma. A new hypothesis for this comorbidity has evolved, however. It is likely that the stress of having a chronic illness increases the likelihood of the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms. If this were a sufficient etiologic explanation, however, increased comorbidities of psychiatric illnesses would be found in all chronic pediatric illnesses. More precise prevalence estimates of these comorbidities require the completion of large studies that use a longitudinal design and reliable and well-validated assessment instruments. The most promising direction for future research is the definition of underlying genetic vulnerabilities that reflect autonomic regulation, may contribute to the onset of some forms of asthma, and are associated with increased risk for anxiety and mood disorders.
23. Are persistent changes in SEPs and MEPs sensitive for predicting postoperative limb motor deficit during cerebral aneurysm surgery

Introduction Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) can be used as an adjunct to somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to identify brain ischemia during surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Persistent changes (failure to return to baseline by end of surgery) can be used to predict postoperative deficit. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of persistent changes in SEPs/MEPs for predicting neurologic deficit is still being defined. In a separate study, the sensitivity of persistent changes in SEPs for predicting new limb paresis was 13%, and MEPs was 32%. In this study we evaluated those patients with new postoperative motor deficits to determine the reason for the low sensitivity. Material and methods This was a retrospective study based on 446 cerebral aneurysm patients who underwent clipping at our institution from 2009–2011. Twenty-eight patients with new postoperative motor deficits were identified. The neuromonitoring reports and medical records were reviewed in more detail in these patients. Results In the 28 patients, ten patients (36%, sensitivity) were predicted by persistent SEPs/MEPs changes. In the 18 patients whose deficits were not predicted, five patients (18%) had delayed deficits; eight (29%) had mild temporary motor deficits; in two patients (7%), monitoring was stopped less than ten minutes after aneurysms were clipped; in one patient (3.6%), no reliable SEPs were recorded on the surgery side at baseline. If the last three cases are eliminated, the sensitivity of predicting for all deficit at time when patient wake up is 50% (10/20 patients); to severe and persistent motor deficit is 83% (10/12 patients). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the reason for the low sensitivity of SEPs/MEPs is that these methods are not sensitive to delayed and/or mild temporary deficits. However, the study also shows that SEPs/MEPs have better predictability in cases of severe and persistent postoperative limb paresis.
Pattern recognition application to power systems

This paper demonstrates the successful application of a pattern recognition technique to detect abnormal operating conditions in power systems. Specifically, the paper discusses the application of the minimum entropy method to derive a 2-class classifier system that enables classification of power system behavior into either the secure or insecure class. Security violations are detected on the basis of a line-overload criteria. Classifier results for the New England Power test system are provided. The major benefits obtained by the application pattern recognition techniques are the rapid detection of abnormal operating conditions and the substantial reduction in computation as compared to traditional methods.
On the QED approach to frequency shifts

Abstract We comment on and correct recent works which 1) discuss the effect of the rotating wave app of radiative frequency shifts and 2) calculate level and frequency shifts by dispersion relations.
How Do We Teach Language, Literature, and Culture in a Collegiate Environment and What Are the Implications for Graduate Education?

Graduate education is a critical mission of Research I universities. In light of the increased attention paid to languages, to assessment, and to the search for new models for teaching and learning in German Departments, a reexamination of how we train our students is called for. A graduate experience that does not compartmentalize too rigorously between training in Second Language Studies and Literary and Cultural Studies, but instead offers a more holistic education might serve our profession better in the long run. This position piece and its parallel contribution in the Spring 2008 issue of The German Quarterly provide some considerations for rethinking German graduate education.
Are Commercial Negative Pressure Systems Worth the Cost in Open Abdomen Management

Background A commercial negative pressure product is compared with the Barker technique (sterile x-ray cassette cover, lap pads, adhesive drape with negative pressure) for temporary abdominal closure in open abdomen management. Study Design We performed a retrospective review of 37 open abdomen patients who had temporary abdominal closure with a commercial negative pressure device (ABThera, KCI) from 2010 to 2011. These patients were compared with the most recent 37 patients having open abdomen management using the Barker technique from 2009 to 2010. Patient demographics, body mass index (BMI), preoperative albumin, indication for open abdomen management, number of operations, use of sequential closure, and success with closure were analyzed. Patients were compared using chi square, t -test, and logistic regression analysis with significance of p Results Mean age and BMI were significantly higher in the ABThera patients. No statistically significant differences were seen in male:female ratio, indication for open abdomen management, preoperative albumin, number of operations, and use of sequential closure. In 33 patients (89%) ultimate midline fascial closure was achieved with the ABThera vs in 22 patients (59%) using the Barker technique (p Conclusions A commercially available negative pressure device for temporary abdominal closure had significantly greater success with ultimate closure after open abdomen management compared with the Barker technique. The added cost of the device is offset by improved patient results and savings from successful closure.
Predictive Output Feedback Control of Parabolic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)

This work focuses on predictive output feedback control of linear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems with state and control constraints. Under the assumption that a finite, yet sufficiently large, number of output measurements is available, two predictive output feedback controllers are constructed and sufficient conditions are derived under which these controllers enforce stability and constraint satisfaction in the infinite-dimensional closed-loop system, respectively. The controllers are applied to an example of a linear parabolic PDE with Dirichlet boundary conditions subject to state and control constraints, and the numerical simulations demonstrate their ability to enforce closed-loop system stability and constraint satisfaction.
Psychologists and Interrogations: Ethical Dilemmas in Times of War

In recent years, ethical concerns have emerged among psychologists, psychiatrists, and physicians about interrogating inmates detained at U.S. military prison camps, such as Guantanamo Bay, or consulting on such interrogations. These concerns have escalated to levels necessitating the three major associations—the American Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Medical Association—to formulate position statements on these issues. Within the psychological community, two divergent schools of thought have developed, and this article explores the role of psychologists in these types of interrogations and the related ethical concerns. Specifically, this article provides an overview of psychologists' roles in this area, presents an analysis of the ethical guidelines, discusses the implications of the American Psychological Association's position statement, and offers suggestions to reconcile the current ethical debate.
Structure of the RNA in tobacco mosaic virus.

A model of the RNA of tobacco mosaic virus has been built using computer model-building techniques. The model has good stereochemistry, and fits the electron density map of the virus obtained by fiber diffraction methods considerably better than did earlier models. The three sugar rings in the asymmetric unit all have the A (3′-endo) conformation, One of the bases is in the syn conformation, a conformation observed only rarely in nucleic acid structures.
Pleistocene paleoceanographic correlations: Northern Greenland Sea to central Arctic Ocean

Abstract Correlation of Pleistocene paleoceanographic events across parts of the polar seas is accomplished with core MG-123, from the Swedish YMER-80 cruise. The 8.72 m sediment core, one of the longest recovered from any part of the Arctic Ocean, contains abundant microfossils and coarser grain sediment that are useful in interpretation and correlation of Pleistocene events with shorter sediment cores in the central Arctic Ocean. Faunal and sediment correlations are constrained by δ 18 O correlations and a time series analysis that matches several possible sedimentation rates for MG-123 with central Arctic Ocean sedimentation rates and provides a best fit correlation of the cores. The results of this study provide the first correlation of northern Greenland Sea (=southern Arctic Ocean) sediment with that of the central Arctic Ocean, more than 1000 km distant. Oceanic circulation patterns between the areas during the Pleistocene involved increased circulation during interglacials with reduced circulation during glacials. Subpolar water was not present in the northern Greenland Sea during the past 600,000 years. During this time, alternating phases of the climate cycle show a strong relationship to the 100,000 year Milankovitch cycle.
George Bugliarello (1927–2011)

George Bugliarello, a creative engineer, outstanding researcher, and dedicated educator, died on 18 February at age 83, in New York. His range of interests and expertise transcended many disciplines, including civil engineering, biomedical engineering, urban development, science policy, water resources, and environmental science. His vision of the role of science, innovation, and education, coupled with a passion for turning his vision into reality, is reflected in today's urban communities, forged through academic and industry interactions in ways that spur economic growth and societal well-being, while respecting the quality of human life and the environment.
Adenosine A2 receptors modulate tubuloglomerular feedback

Adenosine can mediate the tubuloglomerular (TGF) response via activation of A1 receptors on the afferent arteriole, but both adenosine A1 and A2 receptors can regulate preglomerular resistance. We ...
Effects of preoptic lesions on thermoregulation in ducks

Abstract 1. 1.The stereotaxic coordinates of the duck's preoptic area are given. 2. 2.Preoptic-lesioned ducks exhibit impaired thermoregulatory abilities. 3. 3.Bill thermography suggests that the preoptic area controls bill vasomotion.
Effects of the passage of an IMF discontinuity on the polar cap geometry and the formation of a polar cap arc

Changes of the geometry of the open field line region (namely, the polar cap) caused by the passage of a tangential IMF discontinuity are simulated using the model constructed by Akasofu and Roederer (1983). A singly-bounded open field line region tends to split into two, forming a narrow closed field line region and thus allowing the formations of a plasma sheet and of an auroral arc across the highest latitude region of the earth. The three-dimensional geometry of some of the closed field lines in the narrow closed region is examined. In this connection, an interesting observation of the formation of an auroral arc over Thule, Greenland, is reported.