cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toxicity Resulting from Feeding Experimentally Molded Corn to Broiler Chicks

Abstract Seven feeding trials were conducted to determine the effect of diets incorporating experimentally molded corn on chick performance. Treatments included varying levels (0, 6, 12 and 56% of the diet) of corn replacement in the diet by corn molded separately with two isolates of Fusarium moniliforme (ATCC 24088 and ATCC 24089), F. roseum f. cerealis (ATCC 24090), Aspergillus niger (ATCC 24126) and A. flavus (ATCC 24125) for varying periods (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Chicks fed experimental diets showed a significant reduction in weight gain and feed efficiency when molded corn that had been incubated for 4, 6 and 8 weeks was fed. Percent dry matter digestibility was reduced by chicks fed the molded corn diets. Treated chicks exhibited (as early as 12 days of age) a severe leg deformity characterized by a bowing outward or a slanting inward of the legs giving the chicks either a “cowboy” or a knock-kneed” appearance. No consistent difference in tibia ash was observed between treated and control chicks. Treated chicks had caeca distended with brown material, mild enteritis and lesions of the sciatic nerves.
Excited state magnetic hyperfine interactions in gas phase strontium and calcium monohydrides

Abstract Numerous rotational lines in the B 2 Σ + ( v ′ = 0)- X 2 Σ + ( v ″ = 0) band system of CaH and the A 2 Π 1 2 (v′ = 0)-X 2 Σ (v″ = 0) subband system of SrH have been recorded at sub-Doppler resolution using the technique of intermodulated fluorescence. The recorded spectra exhibit a small splitting associated with magnetic hyperfine interactions in both the ground and the excited electronic states. An analysis of the excited state contributions was performed and the results were interpreted in terms of the possible nature of the electronic wavefunction. The results suggest that the effective Hamiltonian needs to be modified in order to give qualitative agreement for the Λ-doubling type magnetic hyperfine parameter. The determined hyperfine parameters for the B 2 Σ + state are consistent with the current theoretical interpretation of the nature of this state.
Synthesis of C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors from D-mannitol

Abstract Synthesis of C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors from D-mannitol is described.
Improved AlInAs/GaInAs HBTs for high-speed circuits

This paper describes the demonstration of CML ring-oscillators and static frequency divider circuits implemented with AlInAs/GalnAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) lattice matched to InP substrates. A cutoff frequency (fT) and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 90 GHz and 70 GHz, respectively, have been achieved with a 2x5-?m2 emitter. The ring oscillators demonstrated a 15.8 ps gate delay. The divider circuits were clocked at 24.8 GHz.
Retrospective comparison of early- versus late-insulin therapy regarding effect on time to resolution of diabetic ketosis and ketoacidosis in dogs and cats: 60 cases (2003-2013).

Objective To determine whether early insulin administration (≤6 h after admission) results in more rapid resolution of diabetic ketosis (DK) and ketoacidosis (DKA), shorter duration of hospitalization, and higher incidence of complications, and whether more severe ketonuria is associated with longer time to resolution of DK/DKA. Design Retrospective study (January 1, 2003–March 1, 2013). Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Sixty dogs and cats with DK or DKA receiving short-acting insulin therapy. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Medical records were reviewed and data recorded including signalment; previous history of diabetes; intake temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose, pH, base excess, and degree of ketonuria; time to short-acting insulin therapy and resolution of DK/DKA; length of hospitalization; and complications. Insulin was initiated ≤6 hours in the early group and >6 hours in the late group after hospital admission. Early group patients had more rapid resolution of DK/DKA after starting short-acting insulin therapy (36.4 ± 22.6 vs. 55.4 ± 26.6 h, P = 0.014). There was no difference in duration of hospitalization or complications. More severe ketonuria resulted in longer time to resolution of DK/DKA after initiation of short-acting insulin (severe: 50.9 ± 24.2; moderate: 29.6 ± 19; mild: 23.4 ± 21.9 h, P = 0.005, all individual pairwise comparisons P < 0.05). Conclusions Early insulin administration is associated with more rapid resolution of DK/DKA without an associated increase in complication rates. DK/DKA took longer to resolve with more severe ketonuria. Prospective studies are warranted to identify specific time targets for insulin administration in DK/DKA patients.
A collision-free navigation scheme in the presence of moving obstacles

A collision-free navigation scheme for an autonomous vehicle is presented. An attempt is made toward establishing a more realistic navigational environment by considering moving obstacles with unknown trajectories. A collision-free path between the current location and a desired location of the vehicle is obtained, based on future positions of the obstacles. The future positions are predicted using an autoregressive (AR) model. A simulation example is implemented where this scheme is applied to a mobile robot in the presence of two moving objects. >
Effects of FoxO4 overexpression on cholesterol biosynthesis, triacylglycerol accumulation, and glucose uptake

The Forkhead transcription factors FoxO1, FoxO3a, and FoxO4 play a prominent role in regulating cell survival and cell cycle. Whereas FOXO1 was shown to mediate insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation, the role of the transcription factor FoxO4 in metabolism remains ill defined. To uncover the effects of FoxO4, we generated a cellular model of stable FoxO4 overexpression and subjected it to microarray-based gene expression profiling. While pathway analysis revealed a disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression, biochemical studies revealed an inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, which was coupled with decreased mRNA levels of lanosterol 14α demethylase (CYP51). FoxO4-mediated repression of CYP51 led to the accumulation of 24,25 dihydrolano­sterol (DHL), which independently and unlike lanosterol inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, FoxO4-overexpressing cells accumulated lipid droplets and triacylglycerols and had an increase in basal glucose uptake. Recapitulation of these effects was obtained following treatment with CYP51 inhibitors, which also induce DHL buildup. Moreover, DHL but not lanosterol strongly stimulated liver X receptor α (LXRα) activity, suggesting that DHL and LXRα mediate the downstream effects initiated by FoxO4. Together, these studies suggest that FoxO4 acts on CYP51 to regulate the late steps of cholesterol biosynthesis.
Residues in Broiler Chickens Fed Low Levels of Hexachlorobenzene

Abstract Male broiler chicks (Hubbard-Hubbard) were fed graded levels (0, 0.0006, 0.006, 0.03, and 0.120 p.p.m.) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) for 8 weeks. Gel permeation chromatography was used to prepare tissue samples from fat, heart, gizzard, leg muscle, breast muscle, kidney, and liver for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography employing electron capture detection. No treatment related trends could be determined for body or organ weights. Histopathologic examination of brain, liver, testes, pancreas, small intestine, ventriculus, spleen, kidney, lung, and heart failed to reveal lesions in either control or treated groups. A linear relationship was found between HCB accumulation in tissues and the dietary HCB level. HCB accumulation was greatest in adipose tissue followed by the heart, gizzard, leg, kidney, liver, and breast. The biomagnification of HCB in adipose tissue of broiler chickens was 11 to 18 times the concentration in the diet. For example, a concentration of 0.03 p.p.m. of HCB in the diet resulted in the accumulation of HCB in adipose tissue in excess of 0.5 p.p.m. After 7 weeks, birds were taken off rations containing HCB. After a withdrawal period of five weeks, 0.5 p.p.m. of HCB remained in adipose tissue of birds that had been fed 0.12 p.p.m. of HCB.
The Duty of Disclosure in Parliamentary Investigation: A Comparative Study

AFTER the Napoleonic wars there had been, in a few German pygmy states, isolated and almost insignificant attempts to introduce some sort of parliamentary inquiry.129 Even a liberalminded professor of southern Germany wrote, in i830, that the parliament, though entitled to know the truth, could learn the facts only from the government.130 Another writer, having highly praised the right of parliamentary inquiry as practiced in England, remarked resignedly that this right could hardly acquire citizenship in the "constitutional" monarchies of Germany.13I The political and constitutional storms of the year I848 gave hope that in both Germany and Prussia introduction of the investigating privileges of the British Parliament would be possible. In the National Assembly in Frankfort a motion was brought forward recommending an adaptation of the English practice to hear witnesses and experts before parliamentary committees under oath. The motion was referred to a standing committee and heard of no more.132 In a later, rather confused discussion of similar questions before the same assembly, the fear was voiced that the hearing of witnesses by parliament might trespass dangerously upon the judicial sphere.133 One of the subcommittees of the Constituent National Assembly of Prussia, meeting during the same period, had, under the influence of the
Overview of X-Ray Diffraction Methods for Nondestructive Testing

Following a brief historical review, applications of x-ray diffraction to the nondestructive examination of materials are considered. Recent instrumental developments, including x-ray sources, monochromators, and detectors, and their utilization in experimental procedures are discussed. Applications of “routine” x-ray diffraction procedures as well as specialized techniques like residual stress analysis, small-angle scattering, and x-ray topography are illustrated by examples, including biological, metallic, and polymeric materials. The conclusion reached is that the future of x-ray diffraction in the study of materials has been made brighter than ever by the introduction of more intense x-ray sources and continuously improving instrumentation.
Unrecognized Potential: Media Framing of Hitler's Rise to Power, 1930-1933

In an effort to understand how Americans regarded Adolph Hitler’s influence in Germany and beyond as he navigated the country’s political landscape, and ultimately established the Third Reich, this research examines his portrayal in American media in the early 1930s. The research uses media framing theory to assess newspaper coverage of Hitler published in The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, and The Washington Post between 1930 and 1933. An analysis of more than 400 articles revealed “credible” frames that focused on his persuasive appeal, popular support, and political clout.
Generational Role Choices Among Children in Four Cultures A Reanalysis and Reinterpretation

In a previous publication, we reported that on the whole, young children in four cultures predictably made same-sex role choices (e.g., girls preferring daughter to son). But contrary to prediction...
Cellular Quantity of Protein and Rna during Development of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Quantitative changes in organismal and cellular protein and RNA during the entire developmental period—including embryogenesis, larval and pupal stages, and the male and female adult through 25 days of aging—in the yellowfever mosquito, Acdcs aegypti (L.), were determined. From the resulting data the ratios of RNA: DNA, RNA:protein, and DNA: protein were determined to serve as biochemical indexes of changes in development. The RNA per embryo showed little change; while in contrast, protein per embryo showed a significant decrease from the initial amount by the end of embryogenesis. Maximal values for protein and RNA were attained on the 5th day of larval life. Each of the parameters decreased following transformation to adult. The adult female had consistently higher protein and RNA content than the male. Retardation of protein in adults of both sexes was seen. The decreasing protein curves were attributed to an attainment of a balance between protein synthesis and destruction (at 4 days for the male and 7 days for the female). The calculated RNA:DNA ratio is an index of the protein synthesis capacity per cell. The RNA:DNA ratios were at their peak during larval development. The DNA:protein ratios were also high during early larval periods but diminished as larval development progressed. These findings reinforce the currently held belief that developmental periods demonstrating high RNA concentrations are those of most active protein synthesis. The DNA:protein ratio increased in the adult as protein diminished and then leveled off. In contrast, the RNA: protein ratio was highest in the 84-hour embryo and diminished through the larval stages. The ratio rose again in the early adult male and female after protein diminished (Day 4 for the male and Day 7 for the female).
Central assessment and alternate care days: reorganizing a long term system.

In New York State, as elsewhere, health planners and gerontologists have come to view long term care as a crucial issue for health care delivery. In particular, the problem of alternate care days, older persons remaining in acute care hospitals while awaiting long term care placement, has been a major focus of attention. This problem is particularly critical for both Medicaid recipients and the Medicaid program. The purpose of this paper is to examine central assessment as the proposed strategy for developing a coordinated system of long term care placement. The basic goals of this strategy are to improve the utilization of home care services and to reduce the number of alternate care days. First the paper reviews several models for central assessment, including ACCESS and Triage, and compares these existing programs with the Community Alternative Systems Agency (CASA) Program in New York State. This is followed by outlining the development of a central assessment model, the Cortland County (New York) Coa...
Arteriovenous malformation of the great vein of Galen associated with patent ductus arteriosus

The arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen (AVG), composed of a fistula between medium to large arteries and the vein of Galen, is frequently fetal in the neonatal period. We now report three cases of infants with AVG and associated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and review the literature for these associated findings. The presence of a PDA can result in severe vascular derangement in the postoperative period, and further complicate management of these infants. Analysis of this abnormal central circulation may contribute to a better understanding and therefore outcome for this unfortunate group of patients.
Studies on the conglutination test in erythroblastosis fetalis.

Abstract Of the various methods of demonstrating univalent Rh antibodies, the blocking test is the least sensitive, the plasma conglutination test is about ten times as sensitive as the blocking test, and the albumin-plasma conglutination test is about four times as sensitive as the plasma conglutination method. The antiglobulin technique is about equal in sensitivity to the plasma conglutination technique. When the maternal serum contains univalent Rh antibodies, these antibodies pass through the placenta and coat the infant's Rh-positive red cells, as can be demonstrated by the blocking, conglutination, and antiglobulin techniques. The higher the titer of the univalent antibody in the maternal serum, the more completely are the fetal red cells coated and the more likely is the fetal plasma to contain free Rh antibody. When the maternal serum contains bivalent antibodies, the fetal red cells will not be coated unless the maternal serum also contains univalent Rh antibodies. When an Rh-negative woman with univalent Rh antibodies has an Rh-negative baby, the baby will not be erythroblastotic but its plasma will contain univalent Rh antibodies equal in titer to that of the maternal plasma at the time of birth. Rh agglutinins usually are not demonstrable in the plasma of an Rh-negative infant even when the maternal serum contains a high titer of these antibodies. The placenta acts as a semipermeable membrane which permits the passage of univalent antibodies but holds back bivalent antibodies. Infants of nonsensitized Rh-negative women are not erythroblastotic provided other sensitizations are also excluded, for example A-B sensitization. Where the maternal serum contains univalent Rh antibodies, the severity of the manifestations in the erythroblastotic infant is roughly proportional to the antibody titer. Evidence is presented suggesting the presence of a substance in fetal plasma, conglutinoid, which is adsorbed by cells sensitized by univalent antibodies but fails to clump them. Conglutinoid seems to be capable of blocking the action of conglutinin in much the same way that so-called complementoid blocks the action of complement.
Synthesis and Properties of CdO and Fe doped CdO Nanoparticles

Abstract This paper deals with the comparative studies of synthesis and properties of CdO and Fe doped CdO nanoparticles by chemical co-precipitation method. The properties of synthesized nanoparticles were studied by XRD, FESEM, UV-visible, FTIR, and EDX . The XRD pattern shows that the obtained sample has face centered cubic structure. The morphology of the synthesized sample was studied by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).The absorption spectra was recorded in the UV-Visible region and analyzed. The FTIR vibration spectra confirmed the composition of the product. The EDX analysis confirmed the elements present in the samples and quantitative elemental analysis had been carried out. The results are reported and discussed.
Effects of Solvent and Residual Water on Enhancing the Reactivity of Six-Membered Silyloxyallyl Cations toward Nucleophilic Addition

A new strategy for the generation of six-membered unsymmetrical silyloxyallyl cations using catalytic mild Bronsted acid is reported. These reactive intermediates were found to readily undergo direct nucleophilic addition with a broad range of nucleophiles to produce various α,α′-disubstituted silyl enol ether structural motifs. The findings also highlight the significance of the solvent effect and residual water in enhancing the reaction rate.
Applications in Self-powered Systems and Processes

A self-powered system is defined as a system that is made of functional devices, energy harvesters and energy storage unit, so that it can operate by itself without an external power source, which was first proposed by Wang and Song in 2006 [1]. It represents one of the major directions in today’s sensor networks. The energy harvested by TENG can not only drive small electronics, but also can stimulate electrochemical processes. This chapter reviews the basic concept of self-powering systems and their applications in environmental and medical sciences.
Prevalence of Fecal Salmonella Shedding by Cull Dairy Cattle Marketed in Washington State.

On nine occasions over a 1-year period, cull dairy cattle (n = 1,289) at four saleyards and one abattoir in Washington State were surveyed for salmonellae shedding by bacterial culture of duplicate rectal swabs, 251 single fecal samples and duplicate rectal swabs, and 225 mesenteric lymph node and duplicate rectal swabs. Using parallel selective enrichment and brilliant green media, salmonellae were isolated from six cattle, from rectal swabs only, and consisted of five isolates of Salmonella typhimurium and one of Salmonella dublin. In the two rectal swab- positive cattle for which mesenteric nodes were also sampled, 1-g samples of the nodes were negative. The rate of fecal shedding of cull dairy cattle marketed in Washington State as detected by this methodology is estimated to be 4.6 per 1,000 head (95% confidence interval of 1.9 to 10.6) and is expected to be no higher than 9.2 per 1,000 head if larger fecal samples were used. Based on antibiograms and plasmid profiles, none of the six isolates matche...
Oral Administration of Astrovirus Capsid Protein Is Sufficient To Induce Acute Diarrhea In Vivo

ABSTRACT The disease mechanisms associated with the onset of astrovirus diarrhea are unknown. Unlike other enteric virus infections, astrovirus infection is not associated with an inflammatory response or cellular damage. In vitro studies in differentiated Caco-2 cells demonstrated that human astrovirus serotype 1 (HAstV-1) capsid protein alone disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction complex, leading to increased epithelial barrier permeability. In this study, we show that oral administration of purified recombinant turkey astrovirus 2 (TAstV-2) capsid protein results in acute diarrhea in a dose- and time-dependent manner in turkey poults. Similarly to that induced by infectious virus, TAstV-2 capsid-induced diarrhea was independent of inflammation or histological changes but was associated with increased intestinal barrier permeability, as well as redistribution of sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) from the membrane to the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelium. Unlike other viral enterotoxins that have been identified, astrovirus capsid induces diarrhea after oral administration, reproducing the natural route of infection and demonstrating that ingestion of intact noninfectious capsid protein may be sufficient to provoke acute diarrhea. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the astrovirus capsid acts like an enterotoxin and induces intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. IMPORTANCE Acute gastroenteritis, with its sequela diarrhea, is one of the most important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. A variety of infectious agents cause gastroenteritis, and in many cases, an enterotoxin produced by the agent is involved in disease manifestations. Although we commonly think of bacteria as a source of toxins, at least one enteric virus, rotavirus, produces a protein with enterotoxigenic activity during viral replication. In these studies, we demonstrate that oral administration of the turkey astrovirus 2 (TAstV-2) structural (capsid) protein induces acute diarrhea, increases barrier permeability, and causes relocalization of NHE3 in the small intestine, suggesting that rotavirus may not be alone in possessing enterotoxigenic activity.
Synergy between Nonmyeloablative Doses of Intravenous Busulfan and Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Induction of Tolerance to MHC-Compatible Stem Cell Allografts.

Abstract The goal of conditioning for nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation, or NST, is to permit the stable engraftment of donor cells with a minimum of toxicity to the patient. We have previously developed a minimal conditioning regimen, consisting of low dose total body irradiation (TBI; 100–200 cGy) and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (Cy), that permits the induction of stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism following the transplantation of modest doses of MHC-identical allogeneic stem cells in mice. The goal of the current study was to determine whether intravenous (IV) busulfan (Busulfex; ESP Pharma, Edison, NJ), an agent with myelotoxic but minimal immunosuppressive activity, could be used in place of TBI in this regimen and still promote allograft tolerance. TBI was more immunosuppressive than Busulfex, because engraftment of allogeneic stem cells could be achieved in mice conditioned with 700 cGy TBI alone but not in mice conditioned with an equivalently myelotoxic dose of 60 mg/kg Busulfex IV. However, when post-transplantation Cy was added, stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism was achieved in mice conditioned with doses as low as 100 cGy TBI or 20 mg/kg Busulfex. Busulfex and post-transplantation Cy were both required for the induction of allograft tolerance, because graft rejection occurred in transplanted mice treated with either agent alone. The capacity of Busulfex to promote allograft tolerance in this model could not be explained by effects of the drug on the host immune system, because the graft rejection response was not restored in Busulfex-conditioned mice reconstituted with mature host lymphocytes at the time of transplantation. These results demonstrate that Busulfex effectively substitutes for TBI in promoting allograft tolerance, and suggests that the creation of marrow “space” promotes alloengraftment in conditions of suboptimal host immunosuppression.
A CMC1-knockout reveals translation-independent control of human mitochondrial complex IV biogenesis.

Defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (CIV) frequently cause encephalocardiomyopathies. Human CIV assembly involves 14 subunits of dual genetic origin and multiple nucleus‐encoded ancillary factors. Biogenesis of the mitochondrion‐encoded copper/heme‐containing COX1 subunit initiates the CIV assembly process. Here, we show that the intermembrane space twin CX9C protein CMC1 forms an early CIV assembly intermediate with COX1 and two assembly factors, the cardiomyopathy proteins COA3 and COX14. A TALEN‐mediated CMC1 knockout HEK293T cell line displayed normal COX1 synthesis but decreased CIV activity owing to the instability of newly synthetized COX1. We demonstrate that CMC1 stabilizes a COX1‐COA3‐COX14 complex before the incorporation of COX4 and COX5a subunits. Additionally, we show that CMC1 acts independently of CIV assembly factors relevant to COX1 metallation (COX10, COX11, and SURF1) or late stability (MITRAC7). Furthermore, whereas human COX14 and COA3 have been proposed to affect COX1 mRNA translation, our data indicate that CMC1 regulates turnover of newly synthesized COX1 prior to and during COX1 maturation, without affecting the rate of COX1 synthesis. ![][1] In human, the initial steps of cytochrome c oxidase (CIV) assembly and their coordination with mitochondrial protein synthesis remain to be fully understood. This study characterizes the twin CX9C protein CMC1 function in CIV subunit 1 (COX1) biogenesis. [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Locked Nucleic Acid Thymine Monomer Probe Identifies Four Single-Nucleotide Variants by Melting Temperature

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis of DNA is a closed-tube SNP detection method that has shown many advantages in clinical laboratory, point-of-care diagnostics, and personalized medicine. While recently developed melting probes have significantly improved the discrimination of mismatched (mutant) alleles from matched (wild-type) alleles, no one attempts to design a simple probe that can reliably distinguish mismatched alleles among themselves. Such a new probe could facilitate the discovery of rare genetic mutations at lower cost.
Exploratory Visual Analytics of Mobile Health Data: Sensemaking Challenges and Opportunities

With every advancement in mHealth sensing technology, we are presented with an abundance of data streams and models that enable us to make sense of health information we record. To distill this diverse and ever-growing data into meaningful information, we must first develop tools that can represent data intuitively and are flexible enough to handle the special characteristics of mHealth records. For example, whereas traditional health data such as electronic health records (EHR) often consist of discrete events that may be readily analyzed and visualized, mHealth entails sensor ensembles that generate continuous, multivariate data streams of high-resolution and often noisy measurements. Drawing from methodologies in machine learning and visualization, interactive visual analytics tools are an increasingly important aid to making sense of this complexity. Still, these computational and visual techniques must be employed attentively to represent this data not only intuitively, but also accurately, transparently, and in a way that is driven by user needs. Acknowledging these challenges, we review existing visual analytic tools to identify design solutions that are both useful for and adaptable to the demands of mHealth data analysis tasks. In doing so, we identify open problems for representing and understanding mHealth data, suggesting future research directions for developers in the field.
Ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the pyriform sinus.

Background Ectopic parathyroid glands may complicate the surgical approach to primary hyperparathyroidism. We describe a rare ectopic parathyroid location, the pyriform sinus. Methods Three patients, 2 after prior unsuccessful parathyroid exploration, were found to have ectopic parathyroid adenomas in the pyriform sinus. Two cases were identified by 4D-CT of the neck. The other was localized by a technetium 99m sestamibi single photon emission CT (SPECT). In each case, office endoscopy confirmed the lesions. The patients were treated by either transoral laser or robotic resection of the parathyroid adenoma. Results After surgery, the patients had resolution of their hyperparathyroidism. Conclusion Ectopic parathyroid adenomas in the pyriform sinus are rare, but should be considered in those patients who have had a failed neck exploration and in those who undergo 4D-CT scanning or SPECT scanning.
A Rare Report of Infectious Emphysematous Aortitis Secondary to Clostridium septicum without Prior Vascular Intervention.

The term “mycotic aneurysm” was first used by Osler in 1882 to describe a mushroom-shaped aneurysm in subacute bacterial endocarditis. Mycotic aneurysms account for only 2.6% of all aneurysms of the aorta. Rarer still are anaerobic infections secondary to organisms such as Clostridium septicum, which results in emphysematous aortitis. The vast majority of emphysematous aortic infections occur as a result of instrumentation; however, in this case we present an infection de novo. A 75-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of progressive fatigue and chest pain that then developed into constitutional symptoms. Chest radiograph demonstrated an obvious widened mediastinum. CT angiogram of his chest then confirmed this finding as well as significant periaortic gas and focal outpouching. Numerous diverticuli with inflammatory changes consistent with diverticulitis was observed on CT abdomen. Blood cultures returned positive for Clostridium septicum. Definitive treatment was discussed including debridement and graft insertion; however, patient decided on conservative management and was discharged on intravenous antibiotics. Unfortunately, as in most cases of emphysematous aortitis that do not undergo surgical management, the patient succumbed to his illness. The lesson provided will be the epidemiology of emphysematous aortitis, presentation, diagnosis, management, and prognosis through a case report.
Gay and Lesbian Parents: An Exploration of Wellness, Sexual Orientation Identity, and Level of Outness

Wellness, outness, and sexual orientation identity were examined across multiple demographic categories in a large sample of gay and lesbian parents. No significant differences were found in terms ...
Inertio-capillary cross-streamline drift of droplets in Poiseuille flow using dissipative particle dynamics simulations

We find using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations that a deformable droplet sheared in a narrow microchannel migrates to steady-state position that depends upon the dimensionless particle capillary number , which controls the droplet deformability (with Vmax the centerline velocity, μf the fluid viscosity, Γ the surface tension, R the droplet radius, and H the gap), the droplet (particle) Reynolds number , which controls inertia, where ρ is the fluid density, as well as on the viscosity ratio of the droplet to the suspending fluid κ = μd/μf. We find that when the Ohnesorge number is around 0.06, so that inertia is stronger than capillarity, at small capillary number Cap < 0.1, the droplet migrates to a position close to that observed for hard spheres by Segre and Silberberg, around 60% of the distance from the centerline to the wall, while for increasing Cap the droplet steady-state position moves smoothly towards the centerline, reaching around 20% of the distance from centerline to the wall when Cap reaches 0.5 or so. For higher Oh, the droplet position is much less sensitive to Cap, and remains at around 30% of the distance from centerline to the wall over the whole accessible range of Cap. The results are insensitive to viscosity ratios from unity to the highest value studied here, around 13, and the drift towards the centerline for increasing Cap is observed for ratios of droplet diameter to gap size ranging from 0.1 to 0.3. We also find consistency between our predictions and existing perturbation theory for small droplet or particle size, as well as with experimental data. Additionally, we assess the accuracy of the DPD method and conclude that with current computer resources and methods DPD is not readily able to predict cross-stream-line drift for small particle Reynolds number (much less than unity), or for droplets that are less than one tenth the gap size, owing to excessive noise and inadequate numbers of DPD particles per droplet.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging assessments of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease progression and response to therapy in an animal model.

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, and currently, there are no disease-specific treatments available for ARPKD patients. One major limitation in establishing new therapies for ARPKD is a lack of sensitive measures of kidney disease progression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide multiple quantitative assessments of the disease. We applied quantitative image analysis of high-resolution (noncontrast) T2-weighted MRI techniques to study cystic kidney disease progression and response to therapy in the PCK rat model of ARPKD. Serial imaging over a 2-month period demonstrated that renal cystic burden (RCB, %)=[total cyst volume (TCV)/total kidney volume (TKV) × 100], TCV, and, to a lesser extent, TKV detected cystic kidney disease progression, as well as the therapeutic effect of octreotide, a clinically available medication shown previously to slow both kidney and liver disease progression in this model. All three MRI measures correlated significantly with histologic measures of renal cystic area, although the correlation of RCB and TCV was stronger than that of TKV. These preclinical MRI results provide a basis for applying these quantitative MRI techniques in clinical studies, to stage and measure progression in human ARPKD kidney disease.
Basics and Practical Aspects of Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Artificial ventilation is a lifesaving measure in the setting of respiratory failure. However, invasive ventilation using endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube is ridden with risks and side effects. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has proven to be a valuable tool in some patients that don’t require invasive methods. From the primitive negative pressure “Iron Lung” ventilators to the most sophisticated automated positive pressure delivery ventilators, NIV has come a long way to become an important part of the care of the patients in respiratory failure. In this chapter, we aim to discuss the basic principles involved in NIV and the various NIV options available to the patients.
Evaluation of Traveling Wave Models for Carangiform Swimming Based on Complex Modes

The research problem we considered is to evaluate the accuracy of traveling wave model proposed in the literature as the kinematic model for fish midline motions during straight forward carangiform swimming. Almost all the literature uses a sinusoidal traveling wave model with constant wavelength and frequency for the model of lateral movements of body. We acquired raw data of midline lateral movements for three Carangiform fish from the resources available in the literature. On the other hand, we built the traveling wave models based on the format used in literature. We used COD (complex orthogonal decomposition) to decompose the total motion associated with the raw data and with the traveling wave model into complex modes and derive the wave properties. Through this analysis we evaluated the traveling wave model accuracy. The criteria we chose for comparison was the dominant modes’ shape and their number, frequencies and wavelength associated to each mode. As a result of this analysis, we found that both the lab data and the traveling wave model, have a single dominant mode. The main difference between these two was that the phase change rate with respect to location and with respect to time is not constant in raw data, however in the traveling wave model we used constant frequency and wavelength.
From Generating to Mining: Automatically Scripting Conversations Using Existing Online Sources

Hearing people argue opposing sides of an issue can be a useful way to understand the topic; however, these debates or conversations often don’t exist. Unfortunately, generating interesting natural language conversations is a difficult problem and typically requires a deep model of both a domain and its language. Fortunately, there is a huge amount of interesting text, written both by professional writers and amateurs, already available on the web. In this paper, we describe a system that builds compelling conversations between two characters—not by generating wholly new natural language, but by gathering, assembling, and processing existing online textual content. Our initial system authors conversations between two simulated movie reviewers, in a style similar to “Siskel and Ebert.” Using various online repositories, the system searches for a variety of facts and opinions about a given film. The system then uses this mined data to choose between various conversational templates and construct the dialogue. Using this information, the system is able to generate naturalsounding, colorful conversations and arguments without a deep representation of the subject being discussed.
Fatty acid and hydrocarbon hydroxylation in yeast: role of cytochrome P-450 in Candida tropicalis.

Abstract A soluble enzyme system which catalyzes the conversion of fatty acids to their ω-hydroxy derivatives and n -alkanes to primary alcohols has been obtained from a strain of Candida tropicalis grown on tetradecane as the carbon source. The hydroxylation reaction requires TPNH and molecular oxygen and is inhibited by carbon monoxide. Lauric acid appeared to be the most active of a series of substrates tested. Fractionation of a cell-free extract of the yeast with ammonium sulfate indicated that at least two components are required for maximal activity. One fraction contained cytochrome P-450 as judged by the carbon monoxide difference spectrum of the dithionite-reduced preparation. The hydroxylation activity and the content of both cytochrome P-450 and TPNH-cytochrome c reductase (which may function as a cytochrome P-450 reductase) were greatly enhanced in cells grown on hydrocarbon.
Sex Roles, Psychological Assessment, and Patient Management

The last 20 years have seen increased recognition (at least among social scientists, feminists, and feminist sympathizers) that sex roles can be restrictive and that gender considerations have exceeded their proper boundaries in many aspects of American life. These insights have been accompanied by increased scrutiny of the mental health professions for evidence of discrimination, exploitation, and oppression in the treatment of women. Two early landmarks in this effort are Chester’s (1972) book, Women and Madness, and the study of Broverman, Broverman, Clarkson, Rosenkrantz, and Vogel (1970) that claimed to provide the first empirical demonstration of a double standard of mental health among mental health professionals. The ensuing decade has witnessed a fair amount of empirical research aimed at determining both the nature of sex discrimination and sex role stereotyping and the extent to which they pervade the clinical practices of psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental health professionals. The present chapter attempts to review the literature on gender differences in select aspects of psychiatric and psychological assessment (judgments of optimal mental health, severity of psychopathology, need for treatment, prognosis) and patient management (referrals, duration of treatment, prescription of medications). The effects of gender and sex roles on various diagnostic entities and on psychotherapy process and outcome are discussed elsewhere in this volume.
Health Effects of Late-Career Unemployment:

Objective: Job loss has a demonstrated negative impact on physical and mental health. Involuntary retirement has also been linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This study examined ...
Pyogenic granuloma of the larynx: A rare cause of hemoptysis.

Abstract Pyogenic granuloma (PG) may involve gingival mucosa (granuloma gravidarum) in pregnancy but rarely involves the airway. This case report is perhaps the only reported presentation of PG in the larynx causing hemoptysis at a late stage of pregnancy. On laryngoscopic exam, a vascular, right false vocal fold neoplasm was identified with pathological characteristics consistent with PG. Conclusions: Pyogenic granuloma is a relatively common tumor of pregnancy but rarely involves the larynx. In the case of airway involvement during pregnancy, it is best managed in coordination with the high-risk obstetrical team and can be removed safely via standard microsurgical techniques.
A novel regularization method for estimation and variable selection in multi-index models

AbstractMulti-index models have attracted much attention recently as an approach to circumvent the curse of dimensionality when modeling high-dimensional data. This paper proposes a novel regularization method, called MAVE-glasso, for simultaneous parameter estimation and variable selection in multi-index models. The advantages of the proposed method include transformation invariance, automatic variable selection, automatic removal of noninformative observations, and row-wise shrinkage. An efficient row-wise coordinate descent algorithm is proposed to calculate the estimates. Simulation and real examples are used to demonstrate the excellent performance of MAVE-glasso.
Effects of shot peening parameters on gradient microstructure and mechanical properties of TRC AZ31

Abstract Microstructural variation along the depth of twin-roll cast sheet AZ31 Mg alloy was achieved by applying severe plastic deformation via intensified shot peening on the surface of the work-piece. Mechanical incompatibility between different layers from the ultra-fine crystallized structure on the peened surface to the un-deformed layers on the specimen interior introduces enhanced mechanical properties. AZ31 has shown distinct sensitivities to various parameters of the shot peening procedure such as pressure, shot size, and processing time. Thus, shot peening with shot sizes from less than 0.4 mm (conventional) to 3.18 mm for different processing times and under various pressures were performed to characterize their roles in controlling the microstructure and mechanical properties. Microstructural analysis revealed a direct relation between the thickness of the ultra-fine grained layer and severe shot peening parameters whereas each of them has a distinct effect on grain size. Electron backscatter diffraction data were used to define three distinct deformed layers wherein grain size and texture were changed during the process. Furthermore, microhardness tests demonstrated how pressure and shot size control fine grains at the surface. Tensile test results revealed that the best mechanical properties were obtained by maximum shot size and pressure at minimum processing time. Adding post-annealing treatment to the severely shot peened specimens enhanced ductility without a noticeable loss of ultimate strength. Consequently, this process has improved strength and ductility simultaneously.
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-RAGE interaction mediates ectopic Intestinal inflammation in NAFLD.

Recent clinical studies found a strong association of colonic inflammation with NAFLD yet the mechanisms remain largely unknown. The present study identifies HMGB1 as a key mediator of intestinal inflammation in NAFLD and outlines a detailed redox signaling mechanism for such a pathway. NAFLD mice showed liver damage and release of higher HMGB1 in systemic circulation, increased intestinal tyrosine nitration that was dependent on NADPH oxidase. Intestines from NAFLD mice showed higher TLR4 activation and proinflammatory cytokine release, an outcome strongly dependent on the existence of NAFLD pathology and NADPH oxidase. In vitro experimentation using IE6 cells showed the HMGB1 activation of Toll like receptor (TLR-4) was both NADPH oxidase and peroxynitrite dependent with the latter being formed from the activation of NADPH oxidase. Proinflammatory cytokine production was significantly blocked by the specific peroxynitrite scavenger Phenyl Boronic Acid (FBA), AKT inhibitor (LY294002) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor Apocynin suggesting NADPH oxidase-dependent peroxynitrite as a key mediator in TLR-4 activation and cytokine release via an AKT dependent pathway. Studies to ascertain the mechanism of HMGB1-mediatied NADPH oxidase activation showed a distinct role of RAGE as the use of inhibitors targeted against RAGE prevented NADPH oxidase activation, peroxynitrite formation, TLR4 activation and finally cytokine release. Thus in conclusion, the present study identifies a novel HMGB1 mediated inflammatory pathway that is RAGE and redox signaling dependent and helps promote ectopic intestinal inflammation in NAFLD.
Taking Aim at Contraceptive Coverage - The Trump Administration's Attacks on Reproductive Rights.

Taking Aim at Contraceptive Coverage On January 14, Trump administration rules that would broadly allow employers to deny contraceptive coverage to their employees on the basis of religious or mora...
Are There Shared Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Different Clinical Forms of Laminitis and What Are the Implications for Prevention and Treatment

Laminitis is a consequence of primary disease processes elsewhere in the body. The key pathophysiologic events are insulin dysregulation in endocrinopathic laminitis, ischemia in supporting limb laminitis, and inflammation in sepsis-related laminitis. These apparently disparate mechanisms converge to cause lamellar attachment failure through epithelial cell adhesion loss and stretch, possibly mediated by common growth factor signaling pathways. Tissue damage through mechanical distraction, inflammation, pain, and a proliferative epithelial healing response are features of acute laminitis regardless of the cause. Preventive and treatment strategies based on knowledge of these unique and common mechanistic events are likely to improve clinical outcomes.
Room temperature suzuki cross-coupling polymerizations of aryl dihalides and aryldiboronic acid/acid esters with t-Bu3P-coordinated 2-phenylaniline-based palladacycle complex as the precatalyst

Room temperature Suzuki cross‐coupling polymerization of aryl dibromides/diiodides with aryldiboronic acids/acid esters with t‐Bu₃P‐coordinated 2‐phenylaniline‐based palladacycle complex, [2′‐(amino‐kN)[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl‐kC]chloro(tri‐t‐butylphosphine)palladium, as a general precatalyst is described. Such room temperature Suzuki cross‐coupling polymerization is achieved by employing six equivalents or more of the base and affords polymers within an hour, with the yields and the molecular weights in general comparable to or higher than reported results that required higher reaction temperature and/or longer polymerization time. Our study provides a general catalyst system for the room temperature Suzuki cross‐coupling polymerization of aryl dibromides/diiodides with aryldiboronic acids/acid esters and paves the road for the investigation of employing other monodentate ligand‐coordinated palladacycle complexes including other electron‐rich monophosphine‐coordinated ones for room temperature cross‐coupling polymerizations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1606–1611