cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wages, Prices and Unemployment: Distributed Lag Estimates

Abstract This article investigates methodological issues in the estimation of wage equations that become particularly important with distributed lag models. Both analytical and empirical results illustrate the seriousness of these issues. In particular, empirical results for 1950–70 and two subperiods indicate that the results are sensitive to specification, i.e., variables smoothed versus unsmoothed and variables regarded as endogenous versus exogenous, and that there is marked instability in the wage equation under any specification considered.
Attentional Effects on Mood are Moderated by Chronic Self-Conception Valence

Positive and negative self-conception subjects rated their mood under either self-focused attention or other-focused attention conditions. Self-focused attention was partially induced by instructing subjects to write a story about themselves, whereas other-focused attention was partially elicited by instructing subjects to write a story about an acquaintance. Attentional effects on mood were moderated by the valence of subjects' chronic self-conceptions. Under self-focused attention conditions, positive self-conception subjects reported feeling happier than negative self-conception subjects. However, under other-focused attention conditions, positive and negative self-conception subjects did not differ in their reported mood. Supplementary analyses ruled out the possibility that the relation obtained between self-conception valence and mood was mediated by the valence of the stories that subjects wrote.
Changing the Geography of Opportunity by Expanding Residential Choice: Lessons from the Gautreaux Program

Abstract The concept of “geography of opportunity” suggests that where individuals live affects their opportunities. While multivariate analyses cannot control completely for individual self‐selection to neighborhoods, this article examines a residential integration program—the Gautreaux program—in which low‐income blacks are randomly assigned to middle‐income white suburbs or low‐income mostly black urban areas. Compared with urban movers, adult suburban movers experience higher employment but no different wages or hours worked, and suburban mover youth do better on several educational measures and, if not in college, are more likely to have jobs with good pay and benefits. The two groups of youth are equally likely to interact with peers, but suburban movers are much more likely to interact with whites and only slightly less likely to interact with blacks. The article considers how attrition might affect the observations and speculates about the program's strengths and pitfalls.
Formation of Layered Single- and Double-Metal Hydroxide Precipitates at the Mineral/Water Interface: A Multiple-Scattering XAFS Analysis

Spectroscopic and microscopic studies have shown that Ni and Co sorption by clay minerals may proceed via formation of surface precipitates. Several studies employing X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy suggested the formation of turbostratic, alpha-type metal hydroxides, of layered double hydroxides (LDH) with Al-for-metal substitution, and of 1:1 or 2:1 phyllosilicates. Distinction of these phases is difficult because they have low crystallinity and/or a small mass compared to the sorbents, and because they have similar metal-metal distances in their hydroxide layers/sheets. Distinction of these phases is crucial, however, because they have substantially differing solubilities. In this paper we show that an XAFS beat pattern at about 8 A(-1) can be used as a fingerprint to unequivocally distinguish LDH from the alpha-type hydroxides and phyllosilicates. Full multiple-scattering simulations and experimental spectra of model compounds indicate that the beat pattern is due to focused multiple scattering at Me/Al ratios between 1 and 4 (Me=Ni, Co). By applying the fingerprint method to new and to already published XAFS data on Ni and Co surface precipitates, we found that LDH preferentially forms in the presence of the Al-containing sorbents pyrophyllite, illite, kaolinite, gibbsite, and alumina above pH 7.0. However, alpha-type metal hydroxides form in the presence of the Al-free sorbents talc, silica, and rutile, and in the presence of the Al-containing clay minerals montmorillonite and vermiculite. We believe that the high permanent charge of these latter minerals prevents or retards the release of Al. When Al is available, the formation of LDH seems to be thermodynamically and/or kinetically favored over the formation of alpha-type hydroxides. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
Efficient multiplication algorithms over the finite fields GF(q sup m), where q equals 3,5

Galois field multiplication is central to coding theory. In many applications of finite fields, there is need for a multiplication algorithm which can be realised easily on VLSI chips. In the paper, what is called the Babylonian multiplication algorithm for using tables of squares is applied to the Galois fields GF(q/sup m/). It is shown that this multiplication method for certain Galois fields eliminates the need for the division operation of dividing by four in the original Babylonian algorithm. Also, it is found that this multiplier can be used to compute complex multiplications defined on the direct sum of two identical copies of these Galois fields. >
Bird diversity and abundance on two different shade coffee plantations in Guatemala

Many studies have examined differences in bird communities between shade and sun coffee plantations but less is known about how different management practices within shade coffee plantations affect bird populations. This study compares diversity and abundance of resident and migrant birds in two shade coffee plantations located in Palajunoj, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, that differ in their farming practices (e.g. pruning schedules and fertilizer regimes) and, consequently, in vegetation structure. One plantation represents a traditional, polyculture shade system whereas the second represents a more modernized, monoculture shade system. Both plantations supported many resident and migrant birds. Bird abundance and diversity were significantly greater during both wet and dry seasons on the traditional farm, due largely to the vegetation structure resulting from the different management practices. All plantations typically classified as ‘shade coffee’ are not equivalent, much of their conservation value coming from the more diverse and structurally complex traditional polycultures rather than from the newer, monocultural systems. Coffee production techniques that affect the structural and floristic diversity of the vegetation (e.g. pruning, application of chemicals) have important consequences for birds.
Cutting Edge: Tissue-Retentive Lung Memory CD4 T Cells Mediate Optimal Protection to Respiratory Virus Infection

We identify in this article a new class of lung tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that exhibit tissue tropism and retention independent of Ag or inflammation. Tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells in the lung did not circulate or emigrate from the lung in parabiosis experiments, were protected from in vivo Ab labeling, and expressed elevated levels of CD69 and CD11a compared with those of circulating memory populations. Importantly, influenza-specific lung-resident memory CD4 T cells served as in situ protectors to respiratory viral challenge, mediating enhanced viral clearance and survival to lethal influenza infection. By contrast, memory CD4 T cells isolated from spleen recirculated among multiple tissues without retention and failed to mediate protection to influenza infection, despite their ability to expand and migrate to the lung. Our results reveal tissue compartmentalization as a major determining factor for immune-mediated protection in a key mucosal site, important for targeting local protective responses in vaccines and immunotherapies.
Floating point roundoff error in the prime factor FFT

The prime factor fast Fourier transform (PF FFT), developed by Kolba and Parks, makes use of recent computational complexity results by Winograd to compute the DFT with a fewer number of multiplications than that required by the FFT. Patterson and McClellan have derived an expression for the mean squared error (MSE) in the PF FFT, assuming finite precision fixed point arithmetic. In this paper, we derive an expression for the MSE in the PF FFT, assuming floating point arithmetic. This expression is quite complicated, so an upper bound on the MSE is also derived which is easier to compute. Simulation results are presented comparing the error in the PF FFT with both the derived bound and the error observed in a radix-2 FFT.
Ophthalmic pathology of Nance-Horan syndrome: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked disorder typified by dense congenital central cataracts, microcornea, anteverted and simplex pinnae, brachymetacarpalia, and numerous dental anomalies due in most cases to a mutation in the NHS gene. Material and Methods: We present a case of clinical manifestation and ocular pathology in a patient with NHS. This article also reviews and discusses the relevant literature. Results: Classic and novel ocular pathological findings of a young male with NHS are described, including congenital cataracts, infantile glaucoma, scleral staphyloma, and severe retinal cystoid degeneration. Conclusions: We report a new pathological finding of severe retinal cystoid degeneration in this NHS patient and confirm abnormal development of the anterior chamber angle structure. These findings, coupled with our analysis of the available NHS literature, provide new understanding of the histopathological basis of ocular abnormalities and vision loss in NHS.
Levels of emotional awareness and the degree of right hemispheric dominance in the perception of facial emotion

To examine correlates of individual differences in the degree of right hemispheric dominance in the perception of facial emotion, 51 medical students completed the Levy Chimeric Faces Test and an independent measure of differentiation and complexity in the processing of emotional information, the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scales. A strong positive correlation was observed between the two measures, especially when variance due to verbal ability was removed and native English speakers only were included. These results suggest that as right hemisphere dominance in the perception of facial emotion increases, the ability to perceive complexity during the processing of emotional information increases.
Endovascular Management of a Peroneal Artery Injury Due to a Military Fragment Wound

A healthy 29-year-old male suffered bilateral lower extremity fragment wounds resulting in a tense right calf shortly following a wound that required a four-compartment fasciotomy. During treatment of other injuries after medical evacuation he complained of increasing right calf pain. A peroneal pseudoaneurysm (PSA) with a concomitant arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was diagnosed. The distal one-third of the peroneal artery was not visualized, and the posterior tibial and anterior tibial arteries were normal. The patient underwent percutaneous coil embolization of the pseudoaneurysm. Completion arteriography demonstrated no evidence of the PSA and AVF. The patient's bruit and pain resolved.
HARBOR PORPOISE AND FISHERIES: AN UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF INCIDENTAL MORTALITY

The harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the western North Atlantic is subject to mortality due to entanglement in gillnets. Such incidental mortality threatens a population if it is too large relative to the potential population growth rate. Critical values for incidental mortality have been established by the International Whaling Commission and the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. As in many situations in conservation biology, use of these critical values depends on demographic calculations that are based on uncertain data. It is important to report not only estimates of demographic parameters, but also the uncertainty in those estimates. Here, we use a Monte Carlo approach to evaluate uncertainty in population size, incidental mortality, and population growth rate of harbor porpoise. To describe survival, we used model life tables derived from other mammals with similar life histories. By randomly sampling the space of model life tables and the distributions of estimated fertility and age at first reproduction, we produced a probability distribution that characterizes the uncertainty in the potential population growth rate. The median estimate for the potential annual rate of increase l is approximately 1.10. Combining this information with the uncertainty of incidental mortality and of population size, we estimate the prob- ability that the rate of incidental mortality exceeds the critical values established by the various management agencies; this probability ranges from 0.46 to 0.94. We conclude that recent incidental mortality rates are a threat to harbor porpoise populations. The methods developed here are applicable to other situations in which demographic analyses must be based on uncertain data.
Taxing the Consumption of Capital Gains

This piece traces the history of the capital gain concept, and then the policy arguments for a lower rate on capital gains, to argue for an express requirement that the lower rate for capital gains be available only if the gains are reinvested. Consumed capital gain, the Article argues, is not real capital gain within the original understanding or tax policy arguments. Indeed since capital gain is available for consumption, a viable alternative is to repeal the capital gain preference and engineer investment tax incentives to the front end of investment.
Characterization of the Nonlinear Elastic Behavior of Chinchilla Tympanic Membrane Using Micro-fringe Projection

A combined experimental and numerical approach was used to determine the mechanical properties of a chinchilla TM under quasi-static condition based on the response of the TM to static pressure. A chinchilla bulla was prepared and the intact TM was subjected to static pressures while its topography was measured using the micro-fringe projection technique. Images of the deformed TM were acquired and processed with a phase-shift method to reconstruct the surface profile and determine the volume displacement of the TM under pressures. Finite element method with the implementation of a hyperelastic model was employed. By solving the inverse problem with the model, the Young’s moduli of chinchilla TMs from ten bullas were determined as ~19 MPa up to a strain level of 25 %, changing with stress or strain.
The Sexual Compact

This paper is a full-out defense – and development – of the psychoanalytic position that there are two and only two sexes. It proceeds by problematizing all the main terms at issue, including: the two (which it views as a more complex notion than that of the multiple); sex (as irreducible to raw biology or social convention); and relation (as the unique phenomenon of a distance however close its terms may be brought together). It also introduces the term compact, taken from mathematics, to distinguish the sexual relation radically from the idea of the social contract.
Attitudes toward youth as a function of adult age: a multivariate study in intergenerational dynamics.

This study explores the social attitudes of three groups of adult males-young adult, middle-aged, and elderly-toward three, present-day youth groups (young people today, our boys in Vietnam, colleg...
Insect Sex Attractants. IX. Chemical Conversion of the Sex Attractant of the Cabbage Looper to the Sex Pheromone of the Fall Armyworm

The synthetically prepared sex attractant of the female cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), was chemically converted to the sex pheromone of the female fall armyworm moth, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith).
Demand-side energy management using an adaptive control strategy for aggregate thermostatic loads

This paper addresses the problem of modeling and control of a population of aggregated thermostatic loads with controllable temperature set-point, with the objective of managing the demand-side energy of the loads. A novel method for modeling and control of these loads based on an adaptive control strategy, is presented. This method is based on the power consumption of the loads, and as a consequence we do not need to access the current temperature of each of the loads, or their on/off status. An adaptation rule is employed to guarantee the stability and performance of the controller against uncertainties in model parameters, and this leads to the design of a more flexible controller. The validity of this method is demonstrated by means of a simulation of a population of aggregated thermostatic loads, with an application of the designed control strategy.
Concurrent Monitoring for Multiple Critical Signals in a Complex Display: A Vigilance Perspective

The present study was designed to examine the monitoring performance of operators in a complex environment requiring concurrent monitoring of multiple displays with different types of critical signals. Participants performed a manual flight task concurrently with three monitoring tasks over three separate 2-hour sessions. The monitoring tasks required operators to detect deviations in the gauge, mode, and digital readout portions of a simulated EICAS display. Results indicated that while performance on the primary flight task degraded within each session, monitoring performance remained constant. Further, intrasession monitoring performance did not degrade across trials. These findings suggest that vigilance performance for complex displays may be influenced by a number of factors including compensatory strategies related to mental effort regulation, the complexity of monitoring task demands, the duration of the monitoring session, and the nature of additional operator responsibilities.
TiO2 Nanoparticles Alter the Expression of Peroxiredoxin Antioxidant Genes

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are used industrially and commercially at increasingly high levels. While toxicity is addressed prior to use, it is also important to consider the cellular response to these nanoparticles at subcytotoxic concentrations. We used PCR arrays to screen for changes to 84 different oxidative stress-related genes in response to the incubation of cells with TiO2 nanoparticles. We found that expression of four members of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes was altered in response to the TiO2 nanoparticles. The oxidative stress response was specific to TiO2 nanoparticles; polystyrene nanoparticles did not alter the expression of the peroxiredoxins. In addition, serum proteins adsorbed on the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles had a protective effect. In the absence of serum proteins, TiO2 nanoparticles were cytotoxic at the same concentrations. These experiments demonstrate that protein–TiO2 nanoparticle complexes lead to a unique oxidative stress response in cells. ...
Feedback and Control

The fundamentals of feedback and control systems are presented, along with how they operate in healthy and nonhealthy people. Specific examples include the regulation and control of body temperature and blood pressure, including during exercise, and of pupil size.
A Focus on Neglect: Comparing the Characteristics of Children and Parents in Cases of Neglect, Abuse, and Non-CAN (Child Abuse and Neglect) in Israeli Rulings on Termination of Parental Rights

ABSTRACTThis study attempts to expand the knowledge base about neglect by comparing the characteristics of children and parents involved in termination of parental rights proceedings in the Israeli legal system. Cases were classified as neglect (72.7%), abuse (19%) or non-child abuse or neglect (non-CAN; 8%) and were compared on a range of variables. The results show that neglected children have the most developmental problems, and generally come from single-parent families, compared to abused children, who suffer the most mental health problems and come from 2-parent families. Finally, neglect is associated with the mother’s history of drug abuse, and abuse is associated with the father’s drug abuse and criminal record. In non-CAN cases, the courts criticize the Child Protective Service more than in neglect and abuse cases. Implications of the findings for social work practice as well as future research directions are discussed.
Pulmonary Sequestration: A 29 Patient Case Series and Review.

INTRODUCTION Pulmonary sequestration also known as bronchopulmonary sequestration is a rare disease, with very few case series reviewed in literature. In this study, we review the demographics, presentation, imaging and treatment of pulmonary sequestration in 29 patients from our institution, and provide comparison data from previously published series with an overview of the disease history. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records reviewed for all patients evaluated and treated in our institution with a pathological proven diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration from January 2004 through December 2013. Collected data included demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, location of the lesion, type of sequestration, and subsequent treatment. RESULTS Of the 29 patients reviewed 8 (28%) were children 0-2 years, 1 adolescent age 17, and 20 (69%) adults 21-70 years with a mean age of 42 among adults. Systemic arterial supply to the sequestered segment was demonstrated with computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in 25 patients (86%). In 19 patients (66%), the sequestered segment was located in the left lower lobe, and 16 (55%) were intralobar. CONCLUSION Diagnostic delays of pulmonary sequestration were common among the adult population as the presenting symptoms often mimicked other common pulmonary diseases, such as pneumonia and asthma. These findings were consistent among previously published series. CTA was the preferred imaging modality for preoperative planning with high sensitivity and specificity in identifying the lesion.
Performance Analysis of Beam Search with Look Ahead

This paper presents a heuristic search strategy called beam search and investigates its effectiveness by applying it to classical job shop scheduling problems. A look-ahead feature is incorporated in the strategy to detect potential resource conflicts. Benchmark problems and existing test cases are used in a performance analysis of the search strategy. The search strategy is implemented in a SUN SPARC station using Common-LISP. Our computational experience using this enhanced version of beam search on job shop scheduling problems are reported.
Trends in the presentation, treatment, and survival of patients with medullary thyroid cancer over the past 30 years

Background The impact of recent medical advances on disease presentation, extent of operation, and disease-specific survival for patients with medullary thyroid cancer is unclear. Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry to compare trends over 3 time periods, 1983–1992, 1993–2002, and 2003–2012. Results There were 2,940 patients diagnosed with medullary thyroid cancer between 1983 and 2012. The incidence of medullary thyroid cancer increased during this time period from 0.14 to 0.21 per 100,000 population, and mean age at diagnosis increased from 49.8 to 53.8 (P Conclusion These data demonstrate that the extent of operation is increasing for patients with medullary thyroid cancer. Disease-specific survival is also improving, primarily in patients with regional and distant disease.
CD30 expression in non-small cell lung cancer with and without ALK gene rearrangement.

e22146 Background: 3-5% Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) harbors ALK gene translocation (ALK(+)) for which targeted ALK inhibitor has greater efficacy and tolerance than cytotoxic chemotherapy. H...
Data presentation options to manage variability in physical activity research

This paper presents seven tactics for managing the variability evident in some physical activity data. High levels of variability in daily step-count data from pedometers or accelerometers can make typical visual inspection difficult. Therefore, the purpose of the current paper is to discuss several strategies that might facilitate the visual interpretation of highly variable data. The seven strategies discussed in this paper are phase mean and median lines, daily average per week, weekly cumulative, proportion of baseline, 7-day moving average, change point detection, and confidence intervals. We apply each strategy to a data set and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
On-Chip Feedthrough Cancellation Methods for Microfabricated AFM Cantilevers With Integrated Piezoelectric Transducers

Active microcantilevers with on-chip sensing and actuation capabilities provide significant advantages in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. The collocated transduction in active cantilevers enables effective control of their dynamics, allowing for the modification of the quality ( $Q$ ) factor and operation at higher flexural modes to obtain higher scan rates. However, having closely spaced transducers in dynamic applications often results in electrical crosstalk from the actuation signal to the sensor output. As a result, the dynamic response of the cantilever becomes heavily dominated by this feedthrough, making the use of on-chip transduction impractical for atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging without cancelling this undesired effect. In this paper, we propose two on-chip feedthrough cancellation methods based on pseudo-differential actuation and differential sensing concepts. The implementation of the methods is demonstrated by the use of two microfabricated cantilevers with separate piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Following the cancellation of the feedthrough, both cantilevers are successfully employed for AFM imaging using the on-chip transducers for actuation and deflection sensing. [2017-0101]
Blue carbon stores in tropical seagrass meadows maintained under green turtle grazing.

Seagrass meadows are important sites for carbon storage. Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are marine megaherbivores that consume seagrass throughout much of their global range. With successful conservation efforts, turtle abundance will increase, leading to more meadows being returned to their natural grazed state. There is concern this may lead to a loss of carbon stored in these systems, but the effects of green turtle grazing on seagrass ecosystem carbon dynamics have not been investigated. Here we experimentally show that despite 79% lower net ecosystem production (NEP) following grazing (24.7 vs. 119.5 mmol C m−2 d−1) in a Caribbean Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadow, grazed areas maintained net positive metabolic carbon uptake. Additionally, grazing did not change the meadow production to respiration ratio, indicating it did not stimulate remineralization of sediment carbon stores. Compared to other published estimates of seagrass NEP (median: 20.6 mmol C m−2 d−1), NEP in grazed Caribbean T. testudinum meadows is similar to that in many other ungrazed systems. Our results demonstrate that while grazing does decrease potential future carbon sequestration as a result of lower NEP, it does not promote a metabolic release of current carbon stocks.
Charting the attitudes of county child protection staff in a post-crisis environment

Abstract Three children died while in the Erie County Child Protective Services (CPS) system between 2012 and 2014. The purpose of this mixed-methods study is to understand the impact on CPS workers in the post-crisis environment. The results of the ProQOL Ver. 5.0 survey we administered to Erie County CPS workers revealed low levels of compassion satisfaction, but surprisingly low levels of burnout and compassion fatigue as well. The qualitative phase of this study, consisting of 10 focus groups, revealed dissatisfaction with continued high caseloads, bureaucratic and punitive agency practices, work-life imbalance, inconsistent and inadequate supervision, unsafe work environments, unappealing office conditions and lack of workplace amenities, weak organizational support, inconsistent procedures and policies, limited opportunities for peer support, and shuffling of work teams with little to no input from CPS workers. We conclude that Erie County's CPS Division adheres to an antiquated machine bureaucracy (top-down) organizational structure which is out of step with efficient and effective management of the contemporary workforce in a field where child abuse and maltreatment is a persistent if not growing problem.
RF Oscillators Based on Piezoelectrically Driven Optical Modulation

This paper investigates the use of piezoelectrically actuated acousto-optic modulators as a building block for generating electronic frequency references at radio frequencies (RFs). Similar to the concept of an optoelectronic oscillator, this approach leverages the strengths of multiple domains such as strong photonic confinement with optical resonances and the inherent compact RF filtering capabilities of piezoelectric resonators. An initial oscillator demonstration is constructed around an integrated aluminum nitride acousto-optic modulator, with a center frequency of 653 MHz. Phase noise of this device is analyzed and matched with the measured results, including the various contributors to input noise power density. This model allows us to determine anticipated figures for phase noise performance on par with the state of the art based on future improvements to the acousto-optic modulator.
ETIOLOGIES AND TRENDS OF 90-DAY READMISSIONS AFTER SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION (SCAD): A NATIONAL POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is less common and often missed diagnosis in patients who present with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aim to look for etiologies and trends of 90-day hospital readmission after the diagnosis of SCAD. Nationwide Readmissions Database (2013-2014) was
MedlinePlus.gov: Trusted Health Information for You

MedlinePlus.gov is the National Library of Medicine’s website for patients and their families and friends. It provides information about diseases, conditions, and wellness issues. MedlinePlus offers reliable, up-to-date health information, anytime, anywhere for free. You can use MedlinePlus to learn about the latest treatments, look up information on a drug or supplement, find out the meanings of words or view medical videos or illustrations. You can also get links to the latest medical research on your topic and sign up for updates on health topics that matter to you. MedlinePlus offers a mobile version in both English and Spanish. MedlinePlus Mobile includes health topics, drug information, a medical dictionary and health news. []
Acute hyponatremia with accompanying hyperammonemia secondary to divalproex sodium: A case report

Divalproex sodium (DVP) is an antiepileptic medication that also has mood stabilizing properties for patients with mental health disorders. Currently, there are a small number of case reports discussing the incidence of hyponatremia that occurs as an adverse effect of DVP. After completion of a thorough literature search, we present the first case report describing acute hyponatremia with accompanying hyperammonemia secondary to DVP use. This case describes a 44-year-old male patient who experienced hyponatremia with accompanying hyperammonemia following initiation of DVP for schizoaffective disorder. This case highlights the need for clinicians to consider monitoring electrolytes, in addition to liver function and platelets, with the initiation of therapy or increase in daily dosage. Given the drug's action at voltage-gated sodium channels, changes in serum sodium could be expected.
Plane-wave scattering by an ellipsoid composed of an orthorhombic dielectric–magnetic material

The extended boundary condition method can be used to study plane-wave scattering by an ellipsoid composed of an orthorhombic dielectric-magnetic material whose relative permittivity dyadic is a scalar multiple of its relative permeability dyadic. The scattered and internal field phasors can be expanded in terms of appropriate vector spherical wavefunctions with unknown expansion coefficients, whereas the incident-field phasors can be similarly expanded but with known expansion coefficients. The scattered-field coefficients are related to the incident-field coefficients through a matrix. The scattering, absorption, and extinction efficiencies were calculated thereby in relation to the propagation direction and the polarization state of the incident plane wave, the constitutive-anisotropy parameters, and the nonsphericity parameters of the ellipsoid, when the eigenvectors of the real permittivity dyadic are aligned along the three semi-axes of the ellipsoid. As the electrical size of the ellipsoid increases, multiple lobes appear in the scattering pattern. The total scattering efficiency can be smaller than the absorption efficiency for some configurations of the incident plane wave but not necessarily for others. The nonsphericity of the object has a stronger influence on the total scattering efficiency than on the absorption efficiency. The forward-scattering efficiency increases monotonically with the electrical size for all configurations of the incident plane wave, and so does the backscattering efficiency for some configurations. For other configurations, the backscattering efficiency has an undulating behavior with increase in electrical size and is highly affected by the shape and the constitutive anisotropy of the ellipsoid. Even though the ellipsoid is not necessarily a body of revolution, it is anisotropic, and it is not impedance matched to free space, the backscattering efficiency can be minuscule but the forward-scattering efficiency is not. This feature can be useful for harvesting electromagnetic energy.
Mentors or Teachers? Microenterprise Training in Kenya

We use a randomized controlled trial to demonstrate that inexperienced female microenterprise owners in a Kenyan slum benefit from mentorship by an experienced entrepreneur in the same community. Mentorship increases profits by 20 percent on average with initially large effects that fade as matches dissolve. We conduct a formal business education intervention, which has no effect on profits despite changes in business practice. Our results demonstrate that missing information is a salient barrier to profitability, but the type of information matters: access to the localized, specific knowledge of mentors increases profit while abstract, general information from the class does not.
Building bridges: Fostering dynamic partnerships between the library department and office of student disability services in higher education

Building effective communication and interdepartmental partnerships are essential components of strengthening services, policies, and procedures to meet the individual information needs of students...
Association Between Travel Distance, Hospital Volume, and Outcomes Following Resection of Cholangiocarcinoma.

The objective of the current study was to characterize the association between travel distance/hospital volume relative to outcomes following resection of cholangiocarcinoma. Patients were identified using the 2004–2015 National Cancer Database and stratified into quartiles according to travel distance/hospital volume. Multivariable regression models were utilized to examine the impact of travel distance and hospital volume on quality-of-care metrics and overall survival. Among 5125 patients, the majority of patients had T1/2 (N = 2006, 41.1%) and N0 disease (N = 2498, 50.9%). Median hospital quartile surgical volumes in cases/year were low volume (LV) 6, intermediate low volume (ILV) 7, intermediate high volume (IHV) 12, and high volume (HV) 24 cases/year. Median travel distance quartiles in miles were short travel (ST) 2.7, intermediate short travel (IST) 7.9, intermediate long travel (ILT) 18.9, and long travel (LT) 84.7. Longer travel distances were associated with better overall survival, as every 10 miles was associated with a 2% decrease in mortality (p = 0.02). Differences in quality-of-care metrics were largely mediated through travel distance. Travel distance and hospital volume were associated with certain quality-of-care metrics among patients with cholangiocarcinoma. After controlling for hospital volume and travel distance simultaneously, only travel distance was associated with decreased risk of mortality.
Nanoscale probing of resonant photonic modes in dielectric nanoparticles with focused electron beams

Engineering dielectric nanoparticles to select and manipulate light at specific resonance energies has great potential in fields such as solar energy conversion and optical communication. To accomplish this challenging task, it is necessary to develop tools to probe the optical resonance behavior of nanostructure locally. This work shows that focused electron beams and monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy provide a unique way for studying the optical resonance properties of dielectric structures with nanometer-scale spatial resolution. Resonant optical-frequency geometric modes excited by fast electrons show up as a series of pronounced peaks within the band gap of the spectra, where absorption is negligible.
Survey mode effects and insurance coverage estimates in the redesigned Gallup well-being index.

OBJECTIVE To test whether a change from a telephone to mail and Internet survey in January 2018 affected the sample composition and uninsured estimates in the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index. DATA SOURCES Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (2013-2018). STUDY DESIGN Regression discontinuity analysis identified changes after the survey redesign in the estimated U.S. uninsured rate (adults 18-64) and in the sample's demographic composition. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS After the survey redesign, the estimated uninsured rate fell 5.3 percentage points (P < 0.001), respondents were older and disproportionately white, more likely to have a college degree, and had higher average incomes. These changes were modestly reduced by survey weights. CONCLUSIONS The shift to a mail survey (with a web option) led to an older, more educated sample with fewer minorities, and a significant break in trend in the estimated uninsured rate.
A Provably Communication-Efficient Asynchronous Distributed Inference Method for Convex and Nonconvex Problems

This paper proposes and analyzes a communication-efficient distributed optimization framework for general nonconvex nonsmooth signal processing and machine learning problems under an asynchronous protocol. At each iteration, worker machines compute gradients of a known empirical loss function using their own local data, and a master machine solves a related minimization problem to update the current estimate. We prove that for nonconvex nonsmooth problems, the proposed algorithm converges to a stationary point with a sublinear rate over the number of communication rounds, coinciding with the best theoretical rate that can be achieved for this class of problems. Linear convergence to a global minimum is established without any statistical assumptions on the local data for problems characterized by composite loss functions whose smooth part is strongly convex. Extensive numerical experiments verify that the performance of the proposed approach indeed improves – sometimes significantly – over other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of total communication efficiency.
The Shape of Weaver: Investigating Shape Disparity in Orb-Weaving Spiders (Araneae, Araneidae) Using Geometric Morphometrics

Sexual size dimorphism in orb-weaving spiders is a relatively well-studied phenomenon, and numerous works have documented evolutionary variation in interspecific size and degree of dimorphism. To date, these studies have been largely limited to assessing the evolution of a single or few linear measurements correlated with body size. While the descriptive and comparative literature is rich with qualitative and linear comparisons that distinguish the sexes and characterize species, the extent to which interspecific or dimorphic variation in size correlates with morphological shape remains relatively unexplored. The carapace of spiders is generally conserved in shape, especially among members of the same family, but is neither well-characterized as a potential facet of spider sexual dimorphism nor as a variable structure overall. Here, we use geometric morphometric techniques to quantify differences in carapace shape among members of the family Araneidae and test for allometric influences on interspecific and dimorphic shape differences across orb-weavers. We show that females and males differ in shape, occupying overlapping but distinct areas of morphospace, with males having more piriform carapaces than females. Araneid spider subfamilies overlap substantially in morphospace, though interspecific differences in shape are generally greater than those distinguishing males and females of a species. Furthermore, we show that female carapace shape shows phylogenetic signal and is more conserved than is male shape. Carapace shape differences made evident from canonical variates analysis are congruent with the more mobile lifestyle adopted by males, as a broader carapace may support more robust leg musculature.
Database animations for many majors: conference tutorial

This tutorial demonstrates and discusses two animations designed for teaching fundamental database concepts to many majors. The first animation provides an introduction to relational databases, and the second covers querying relational databases. The objective is for educators across many disciplines to incorporate the animations into their existing courses to fit their pedagogical needs. The development of these customizable FLASH animations is part of a collaborative grant funded by the National Science Foundation for reaching out to many majors using databases, entitled "Databases for Many Majors: A Student-Centered Approach".
A Thermally Regulated Footwear & Alerting System

Diabetes can impair the circulation of blood in an individual suffering from said illness. Neuropathy, another medical complication of diabetes, inhibits the ability of a patient to sense pain and temperature changes, most often in their hands and feet. These medical complications together can be dangerous as an individual suffering from diabetes may be unable to detect a harmful change in the blood circulation of their feet. Undetected changes may lead to other medical issues such as calluses and foot ulcers. This study developed a prototype device for the insole of an individual's footwear that is capable of monitoring signs which gauge the health of a users feet. Based on the measured temperature of a users feet, a system issued alerts to indicate poor foot health. The insole system included a microcontroller, temperature and humidity sensors, a Bluetooth transceiver and an electrical heating pad. The Bluetooth module communicated with a smartphone application for event recording, alerts and communication with the user and other stakeholders. The prototype developed showed promise. However, further development and testing will be necessary toward deployment.
Technique for Compartment Release of the Leg: Two-Incision Technique

This chapter discusses the two-incision technique for compartment release of the leg, including instrumentation and equipment, patient positioning, and surgical steps. The authors also offer pearls and pitfalls.
Mathematics and Science Teacher Leadership Understanding Through a Teacher Leadership Course

This article shares findings from a study conducted in the southeastern United States of the impact of a teacher leadership course on upper elementary, middle, and high school mathematics and science teachers. Fifty-nine teachers completed the course and data analysis showed growth in understanding in five areas of teacher leadership. This growth was analyzed using a four-image teacher leadership conceptual framework. Data analysis revealed a fifth image of growth that more fully represented the teacher leadership development of the participating teachers. Details of specific teacher leader characteristics within each image are included and findings are presented addressing growth within each of the five images based on the course experience. Discussion is offered about the implications for mathematics and science teacher leader development derived from the data analysis.
Capturing the Landscape of New Spain: Baltasar Obregón and the 1564 Ibarra Expedition.: By REBECCA A. CARTE. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2015. Xiv + 164 pp., maps, illustrations, endnotes, bibliography, and index. $50.00 (HB). ISBN 9780816531424.

Readers familiar with the “spatial turn” or “cartographic turn” in map history, interpretation, and deconstruction will find similar techniques applied to Spanish text in Rebecca A. Carte’s Capturi...
Reinforcement learning‐based bird‐view automated vehicle control to avoid crossing traffic

Abstract This paper presents an innovative bird‐view control framework for connected automated vehicles (CAV). Most recently tested automated vehicles are based on sensing systems equipped on the c...
An empirical comparison of the Kendall Square Research KSR-1 and Stanford DASH multiprocessors

Two interesting variants of large-scale shared-address-space parallel architectures are cache-coherent non-uniform-memory-access machines (CC-NUMA) and cache-only memory architectures (COMA). Both have distributed main memory and use directory-based cache coherence. While both architectures migrate and replicate data at the cache level automatically under hardware control, COMA machines do this at the main memory level as well. The authors compare the parallel performance of a recent realization of each type of architecture, the Stanford DASH multiprocessor (CC-NUMA) and the Kendall Square Research KSR-1 (COMA). Using a suite of important computational kernels and complete scientific applications, they examine performance differences resulting both from the CC-NUMA/COMA nature of the machines as well as from specific differences in system implementation.
Generalizability of an Automatic Explanation Method for Machine Learning Prediction Results on Asthma-Related Hospital Visits in Patients With Asthma: Quantitative Analysis.

Background: Asthma exerts a substantial burden on patients and health care systems. To facilitate preventive care for asthma management and improve patient outcomes, we recently developed two machine learning models, one on Intermountain Healthcare data and the other on Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) data, to forecast asthma-related hospital visits, including emergency department visits and hospitalizations, in the succeeding 12 months among patients with asthma. As is typical for machine learning approaches, these two models do not explain their forecasting results. To address the interpretability issue of black-box models, we designed an automatic method to offer rule format explanations for the forecasting results of any machine learning model on imbalanced tabular data and to suggest customized interventions with no accuracy loss. Our method worked well for explaining the forecasting results of our Intermountain Healthcare model, but its generalizability to other health care systems remains unknown. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the generalizability of our automatic explanation method to KPSC for forecasting asthma-related hospital visits. Methods: Through a secondary analysis of 987,506 data instances from 2012 to 2017 at KPSC, we used our method to explain the forecasting results of our KPSC model and to suggest customized interventions. The patient cohort covered a random sample of 70% of patients with asthma who had a KPSC health plan for any period between 2015 and 2018. Results: Our method explained the forecasting results for 97.57% (2204/2259) of the patients with asthma who were correctly forecasted to undergo asthma-related hospital visits in the succeeding 12 months. Conclusions: For forecasting asthma-related hospital visits, our automatic explanation method exhibited an acceptable generalizability to KPSC. Trial Registration: