cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multimedia data delivery in high-speed multichannel networks

We propose an efficient communication protocol for multimedia data delivery in high-speed multichannel networks. Multimedia traffic is generally categorized into two types: real-time traffic and delayable traffic. High-speed multichannel networks refer to the third-generation computer networks, e.g., WDMA networks, with high-speed parallel multichannels to be able to support multiaccess communications. A scheduling algorithm is also proposed to maximize the slot utilization. We compare the blocking performance of real-time traffic as well as the delay-throughput performance of delayable traffic for different traffic conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has the following advantages: small and bounded packet delay for real-time data delivery; and the slot utilization for delayable traffic is maximized without violating real-time data delivery, and therefore the mean packet delay for delayable packets is minimized for uniform traffic. >
Impact and injury response of the abdomen

The impact and injury response of the abdomen has been studied using a variety of testing modes on a variety of scales. Much of the research has focused on the whole-body level response of the abdomen to simplified inputs simulating interaction with steering components or restraint systems. These studies generally strive to provide the load vs. penetration response of the abdomen , with some correlation of injury to potential injury metrics, and they attempt to enhance our understanding of possible injury mechanisms. On the structure scale, investigators have examined the response of organ systems (or portions thereof) to impact or quasi-static tension or compression. On the tissue scale, dog bone or plug samples of solid organs have been tested in tension or compression, and cruciate samples of hollow organs have been tested under high-rate equibiaxial stretch.
Observations of frequency chirping and phase of a free electron laser amplifier

Abstract We report observations of frequency chirping and phase of a free electron laser amplifier operating in the Raman regime. The FEL is driven by a mildly relativistic electron beam (750 kV, 25 ns) subjected to a combined axial magnetic field and a helical wiggler field. The input into the FEL amplifier is provided by a high power magnetron tuned to a frequency of 33.39 GHz. Phase and frequency shifts are measured both as a function of time and interaction length. It is found that in the Group I regime of FEL operation the output frequency is upshifted by ∼ 100 MHz, but smaller upshifts are observed in the Group II or the Reversed Field configurations.
SNAP-23 is a target for calpain cleavage in activated platelets.

The role of calpain in platelet function is generally associated with aggregation and clot retraction. In this report, data are presented to show that one component of the platelet secretory machinery, SNAP-23, is specifically cleaved by calpain in activated cells. Other proteins of the membrane fusion machinery,e.g. syntaxins 2 and 4 and α-SNAP, are not affected.In vitro studies, using permeabilized platelets, demonstrate that cleavage is time- and calcium-dependent. Analysis of SNAP-23 cleavage products suggests that the calpain cleavage site(s) is in the C-terminal third of the molecule potentially between the cysteine-rich acyl attachment sites and the C-terminal coiled-coil domain. The time course of cleavage is most consistent with late calpain-mediated events such as pp60c-srccleavage, but not early events such as protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B activation. SNAP-23 cleavage is inhibited by calpeptin, calpastatin, calpain inhibitor IV, and E-64d, but not by caspase 3 inhibitor III or cathepsin inhibitor I. When tested for their effect on secretion, none of the calpain-specific inhibitors significantly affected release of soluble components from any of the three platelet granule storage pools. These results indicate that SNAP-23 cleavage occurs after granule release and therefore may play a role in affecting granule membrane exteriorization. This is consistent with the ultrastructural morphology of calpeptin-treated platelets after activation.
Index parity of closed geodesics and rigidity of Hopf fibrations

The diameter rigidity theorem of Gromoll and Grove [1987] states that a Riemannian manifold with sectional curvature ≥ 1 and diameter ≥ π/2 is either homeomorphic to a sphere, locally isometric to a rank one symmetric space, or it has the cohomology ring of the Cayley plane Caℙ. The reason that they were only able to recognize the cohomology ring of Caℙ is due to an exceptional case in another theorem [Gromoll and Grove, 1988]: A Riemannian submersion σ:?m→B b with connected fibers that is defined on the Euclidean sphere ?m is metrically congruent to a Hopf fibration unless possibly (m,b)=(15,8). We will rule out the exceptional cases in both theorems. Our argument relies on a rather unusal application of Morse theory. For that purpose we give a general criterion which allows to decide whether the Morse index of a closed geodesic is even or odd.
More about Stalin and the historians: A review article

(1982). More about Stalin and the historians: A review article. Soviet Studies: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 448-454.
Self-association of IQGAP1: characterization and functional sequelae.

The scaffolding protein IQGAP1 participates in numerous cellular functions by binding to target proteins such as actin, calmodulin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, Cdc42, Rac1, and CLIP-170. IQGAP1 regulates the cytoskeleton, promotes cell motility, and modulates E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. However, how IQGAP1 exerts its functions in vivo is still unclear. In this study we investigate the self-association of IQGAP1 and its role in IQGAP1 function. Endogenous IQGAP1 co-immunoprecipitated from MCF-7 cells with IQGAP1 tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein, indicating that IQGAP1 self-associates in cells. In vitro assays confirmed that IQGAP1 can self-associate and that this effect is mediated by the N-terminal half of the protein. Gel filtration analysis suggested that full-length IQGAP1 exists as a combination of monomers, dimers, and larger oligomers. Analysis performed with multiple fragments of IQGAP1 narrowed the self-association region to amino acids 763–863. In support of this observation, a peptide comprising residues 763–863 disrupted self-association of full-length IQGAP1 in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, deleting this sequence from IQGAP1 abolished binding to full-length IQGAP1. In addition, the ability of IQGAP1 to increase the amount of active Cdc42 in cells is abrogated upon removal of this region. Consistent with these findings, transfection into cells of a peptide containing the self-association domain significantly reduced the amount of active Cdc42 in cell lysates. These observations define a sequence of IQGAP1 that is necessary for its oligomerization and demonstrate that self-association is required for the normal cellular function of IQGAP1.
Recursive Algorithm to Evaluate the Reliability of a Consecutive-k-out-of-n:F System

A recursive algorithm computes the reliability of a consecutive-k-out-of-n:F system with unequal component failure probabilities.
MITEoR: A prototype highly scalable interferometer for 21 cm cosmology

Studying astrophysics and cosmology with the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen requires extreme sensitivity and, therefore, radio telescopes with enormous collecting areas. Achieving that size with an interferometer is limited by the computational cost of the correlator, which scales as N2, where N is the number of antennas in the array. However, a large class of highly redundant interferometers can cut that scaling down to N logN. Redundant configurations also enable new algorithms for precise and automated calibration. For this reason we designed MITEoR, a 64-element, dual-polarization prototype radio interferometer designed to demonstrate these scalable technologies, which we constructed at MIT and deployed this summer in The Forks, Maine. We report on the results of MITEoR and the lessons learned for next generation radio interferometers.
Comparisons and applications of methods for assessing the cellular viability of Blastomyces dermatitidis

Abstract Two methods for assessing the cellular viability of the yeast form of Blastomyces dermatitidis were compared to the standard method of enumeration of colony-forming units (CFU) on agar, and shown to have advantages. These methods are fluorescent staining with fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide, and conversion of the yeast to mycelial form on agar slide cultures at 25°C. Studies with two strains showed good agreement between the three assays; reproducibility of the two newer methods was also demonstrated. The latter methods are faster, can be used for studying the viability of individual cells (this is not possible with the CFU method), and could be useful in studies testing the effects of host effector cells of antifungal drugs.
Symmetrical-Components Analysis of the Four-Phase System

Symmetrical-components concepts are developed for the currents, voltages, and impedances of a four-phase system, and formulas are given for various types of short circuits. The idea of symmetry among the members of each set is based on the angular displacement between the members of the set, rather than that of phase rotation which fits the three-phase case very nicely but is inadequate for the four-phase case. Aside from its possible value for four-phase problems, which are rather rare, the paper is presented here in the expectation of an additional benefit, namely, that the parallelisms and contrasts between the four-phase and the three-phase formulas may throw further light on the general theory and applications of symmetrical components.
A simplified placenta‐like system for the transport of extraembryonic nutrients during embryogenesis of Bugula neritina (bryozoa)

Embryos of the marine cheilo-ctenostome bryozoan Bugula neritina undergo a marked increase in volume (about 500-fold) during embryogenesis while being retained in a brood chamber. Previous morphological studies indicate that shortly after transfer of the zygote to the brood chamber, the epithelium of the maternally-derived portion of the brood chamber, the ooecial vesicle, differentiates in regions adjacent to the embryonary space from a squamous to a columnar form suggesting that the parent is involved as a source of extraembryonic nutrients required for the extensive growth of the embryo. Results of the present ultrastructural study indicate that hypertrophy of the epithelial cells occurs only in that region of the ooecial vesicle which opposes the embryo, that differentiation (and subsequent regression) of the lining are predictable events correlated with the onset (and termination) of embryonic growth, and that hypertrophied cells are well equipped for the synthesis and transport of macromolecular materials across the vesicle wall to the developing embryo. Further, that portion of the embryo's ectoderm (the presumptive metasomal sac) in contact with this hypertrophied epithelium is morphologically specialized for the uptake of nutrients. Finally, shortly before release of the larva, this intimate association of the metasomal sac tissue and the hypertrophied ooecial vesicle lining epithelium is terminated by invagination of the sac and atrophy of the lining.
Treatment of Chronic Typhoid Carriers with Ampicillin

Ten chronic enteric typhoid carriers treated with oral ampicillin have been followed for 4 to 9 years and no relapses have occurred. Patients are probably cured if relapse does not occur within 2 years.
FOXO1 Functions as a Master Switch That Regulates Gene Expression Necessary for Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Fibroblast Apoptosis

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a potent pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic mediator that plays an important role in several normal and disease processes. TNF-induced cell death is one of the principal mechanisms by which cells are removed. Although TNF-mediated apoptosis has been the subject of intense investigation, the transcriptional mechanisms through which it promotes apoptosis are not well understood and, paradoxically, the archetypal TNF-induced nuclear factor NFκB is anti-apoptotic. To identify a potential master transcriptional regulator of apoptosis, we examined an array of TNF-α-activated transcription factors. Fork-head box class-O 1 (FOXO1) was strongly activated, which was confirmed in vitro and in vivo by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The central importance of FOXO1 was established in experiments with small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) that specifically silenced FOXO1. When FOXO1 was silenced, fibroblast apoptosis was reduced 76%. Other siRNAs that partially inhibited FOXO1 expression were proportionately effective in reducing apoptosis. Transcriptional profiling was then carried out in conjunction with siRNA to establish mechanisms by which FOXO1 modulated apoptosis. In the absence of FOXO1, TNF-α failed to up-regulate a large number of pro-apoptotic gene families including ligands, receptors, adapter molecules, mitochondrial proteins, and caspases. siRNA silencing also blocked down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes. These results indicate that TNF induces activation of the FOXO1 transcription factor, which acts as a master switch to control apoptosis.
Human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. II. Evidence for the modification of the enzyme by ion-exchange chromatography.

Abstract 1. 1. Triton-solubilized acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) eluted from a column of DEAE-Sephadex with one-step salt elution revealed a single electrophoretic acetylcholinesterase component (acetylcholinesterase-3), intermediate between the previously described components of acetylcholinesterase-1 and acetylcholinesterase-2. When the column of DEAE-Sephadex was eluted with a linear salt gradient, the area between the two peaks of enzymatic activity contained only one component with the electrophoretic mobility of acetylcholinesterase-3. 2. 2. It is postulated that the Triton-solubilized acetylcholinesterase is a hybrid dimer composed of two unlike components (α and β) of equal size.
Effects of polymers and clay concentrations on the viscosities of organo-smectite dispersions under high pressure

Abstract The viscosities of organo-smectite dispersions in mineral oil with and without the addition of a high molecular weight copolymer of sodium acrylate and acrylamide, were measured at elevated pressures by using a falling-body type viscometer. The increase in viscosity of the organo-smectites as a function of clay concentration under pressure generally follows the Arrhenius equation. The viscosities of mineral oil and organo-smectites in the presence and absence of the polymer increase exponentially with pressure. At the lower concentrations of clay the increase in viscosity in these systems can be placed in the order: mineral oil
Studies on pituitary prolactin 39. Reaction of the ovine hormone with hydrogen peroxide

Three methionine-modified derivatives of ovine prolactin have been prepared: two by oxidation of the methionines by H2O2 to sulfoxide (partial and complete), and the third by complete alkylation of the methionines with iodoacetic acid to the carboxymethyl sulfonium salts. The derivatives were characterized by exclusion chromatography, amino acid composition, circular dichroism spectra, relative rates of digestion by trypsin, and biological activity. Partially oxidized prolactin, having four of its seven methionines oxidized, was very similar to the native hormone. The unmodified methionines in partially oxidized prolactin were found to be the residues at positions 36, 81 and 132. The prolactin derivatives in which all the methionines had been oxidized, or alkylated, showed major changes in all parameters examined. In addition, circular dichroism spectra indicated that complete modification of all the methionines in prolactin exposes the normally buried tryptophans.
Effect of Repeated Injections of Cobra Venom and Morphine on Behavior of Rats in a Maze

SummaryRepeated injections of morphine induced in rats running in a circular maze a tolerance or habituation so that although depressed by the narcotic at first, they showed no such effect later. Similar series of daily injections of cobra venom, given the same animals after a period of rest, produced no symptoms of habituation.
Trading With China Is Not Like Trading With Japan: A Cultural Comparison For Foreign Investors

The People's Republic of China has a growing trade surplus with the Western World which, with the United States alone, has increased from $23 billion to $29 billion, inspiring fear of another Japan in the making. She is a country with an authoritarian form of government, but in recent decades has pursued an “open door” policy on matters of trade. Many view this as a gradual conversion to a true free market economy. If that comes to pass, she will be the first Communist country to succeed in an apparent contradiction between political and economic philosophies.
Endoscopic transcolonic techniques for NOTES

Over the past 100 years, there has been a gradual progression in the field of surgery from the traditional invasive open laparotomy to increasingly less invasive techniques of laparoscopy. In contrast, the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy has become increasing more interventional, with therapeutic endoscopists performing procedures previously only performed by surgeons, including transgastric pseudocyst drainage and transgastric endoscopic pancreatic debridement. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) appears to represent a convergence of the two fields of minimally invasive surgery and interventional endoscopy. NOTES is the performance of intra-abdominal interventions via an incisional opening through a natural orifice. Although initial studies were focused on the transgastric approach, there have been increasing numbers of NOTES procedures performed via other natural orifices, including transcolonic, transvaginal, and transvesical approaches. Although further research is needed before widespread clinical application of the NOTES techniques, it has the potential to revolutionize the fields of both minimally invasive surgery and interventional therapeutic endoscopy.
Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation

[1] Aerosols impact the microphysical properties of clouds by serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN). By modifying cloud properties, aerosols have the potential to alter the location and intensity of precipitation, but determining the magnitude and reproducibility of aerosol-induced changes to precipitation remains a significant challenge to experimentalists and modelers. During the CalWater Early Start campaign (22 February to 11 March 2009), a uniquely comprehensive set of atmospheric chemistry, precipitation, and meteorological measurements were made during two extratropical cyclones. These two storms showed enhanced integrated water vapor concentrations and horizontal water vapor transports due to atmospheric river conditions and, together, produced 23% of the annual precipitation and 38% of the maximum snowpack at California's Central Sierra Snow Lab (CSSL). Precipitation measurements of insoluble residues showed very different chemistry occurring during the two storms with the first one showing mostly organic species from biomass burning, whereas the second storm showed a transition from biomass burning organics to the dominance of Asian dust. As shown herein, the dust was transported across the Pacific during the second storm and became incorporated into the colder high-altitude precipitating orographic clouds over the Sierra Nevada. The second storm produced 1.4 times as much precipitation and increased the snowpack by 1.6 times at CSSL relative to the first storm. As described in previous measurement and modeling studies, dust can effectively serve as ice nuclei, leading to increased riming rates and enhanced precipitation efficiency, which ultimately can contribute to differences in precipitation. Future modeling studies will help deconvolute the meteorological, microphysical, and aerosol factors leading to these differences and will use CalWater's meteorological and aerosol observations to constrain the model-based interpretations. The ultimate goal of such combined efforts is to use the results to improve aerosol-cloud impacts on precipitation in regional climate models.
Geologic interpretation of new observations of the surface of Venus

New radar observations of the surface of Venus provide further evidence of a diverse and complex geologic evolution. The radar bright feature 'Beta' (24 deg N, 85 deg W) is seen to be a 700 km diameter region elevated a maximum of approximately 10 km relative to its surroundings with a 60 x 90 km wide depression at its summit. 'Beta' is interpreted to be a large volcanic construct, analogous to terrestrial and Martian shield volcanoes. Two large, quasi-circular areas of low reflectivity, examples of a class of features interpreted to be impact basins by previous investigators who were without the benefit of actual topographic information, are shown in altimetry maps to be depressions. Thus the term 'basin' can be applied, although we urge a non-genetic usage until more complete understanding of their origin is achieved through analysis of future observations.
Triglycerides and Coronary Risk in Women and the Elderly

There seems little doubt that triglycerides are causally related to the progress of atherogenesis. Mechanisms for this effect include adverse quantitative and qualitative changes in circulating lipoproteins. In particular, the effects of lower high-density lipoprotein levels and the production by hypertriglyceridemia of small, dense low-density lipoproteins are of great significance. The role of triglyceride-rich remnant particles in atherogenesis is likely important. These remnants, which are lipoproteins rich in both cholesterol and triglycerides, can be shown to produce cholesteryl ester—laden macrophages in vitro and are probably atherogenic in vivo. Triglyceride levels are a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease in women, more so than in men. Triglyceride levels also increase in older patients and continue to be predictors of coronary risk in both men and women older than 65 years. It is unclear whether triglyceride intervention efforts should be directed at lowering triglyceride levels (such as is accomplished with niacin or fibric acid derivatives) or lowering low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with high triglyceride levels, assuming triglyceride levels are only a passive marker of atherosclerotic risk. Until more is known about the precise role of hypertriglyceridemia in atherogenesis in women and older patients, use of triglyceride-lowering drugs should be conservative and limited to those individuals with high triglyceride levels (>4.5 mmol/L [ >400 mg/dL]) who do not respond to diet modifications and who are at risk of coronary disease either because of a history of vascular disease or the presence of other risk factors. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:961-968
Today's power IC techniques

Power IC products are still relatively new. The old idea that an IC is limited to only low power applications is giving way as an attack on power functions is being made by the IC industry. The techniques used in the products which are available today are presented and the three basic power IC approaches; the monolithic, chip, the "monobrid" circuit (a few chips), and the IC driver with external power transistors, are described.
Abnormal left ventricular intracavitary flow acceleration in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. A marker for high postoperative morbidity and mortality.

BACKGROUNDWe examined the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis whose continuous wave Doppler studies showed abnormal in...
Abstract 4776: From in-silico screening to anti-cancer activity: The discovery of a potent inhibitor targeting the JNK-JIP interaction

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The JNK signaling pathway is related to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer (JNK2 selective inhibitors have been reported as potential suppressor of breast cancer cell migration). The JNK-JIP interaction represents an attractive target for the selective inhibition of JNK-mediated signaling. Herein, we applied a Hybrid Structure-Based Virtual-Screening (VS) workflow based on a combination of 3D shape and electrostatic similarity with GOLD (Genetic Optimization in Ligand Docking) and FRED (Fast Rigid Exhaustive Docking) docking screening techniques to discover novel scaffolds for small ATP-Independent JNK inhibitor targeting the JNK-JIP interaction. The starting point for the VS here was BI78-D3, which has been reported as the first inhibitor targeting JNK-JIP interaction. Out of 750 compounds representing the highest ranked by VS of NCI (National Cancer Institute) Diversity Set (∼250,000 compounds), 352 were tested by in-vitro cell-free kinase assay. The Ability of the used VS protocol to identify selective JNK inhibitors has been tested by screening those 352 compounds against five different kinases. The two tested atypical kinases (eEF2K and TrpM7) which has the least structure similarity with MAP kinases showed very limited inhibition if compared to JNK1 and JNK2, surprisingly, ERK2 and P38-alpha, the two structurally similar to JNK, showed similar results to the alpha kinases. This has been confirmed by an enrichment experiment that has been done using 350 compounds that randomly selected from the same library without employment of virtual screening, these compounds showed very similar inhibition pattern to both JNK and TrpM7 due to the loss of JNK selectivity that established by employment of VS. To validate the efficiency of the used VS protocol to identify inhibitors that bind the JIP-JNK binding site, we developed a displacement assay using FITC (Fluorescein-isothiocyanate) labeled-JIP peptide. Most of the compounds that inhibited JNK kinase activity more than 50% were able to decrease binding of the labeled JIP-peptide to JNK, suggesting the successful targeting of the substrate-binding site of JNK by the identified inhibitors. In summary, the used VS protocol identified novel scaffolds for JNK selective small ATP-Independent inhibitors targeting the JNK-JIP interaction. These compounds will be potential candidates as inhibitors of breast cancer cell migration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4776. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4776
Energy-Based Mechanistic Approach to Characterize Crack Growth of Asphalt Mixtures

Fatigue cracking is a common distress in asphalt pavements, but most existing models to predict its growth are generally empirical or phenomenological in nature. To fill this gap, this paper aims at developing an energy-based mechanistic approach to model the fatigue crack growth in asphalt mixtures. The core of this approach is establishing the energy balance equations between the apparent energy of the bulk specimen and the true energy of the intact material. A controlled-strain repeated direct tension (RDT) test is used to generate fatigue cracking damage in asphalt mixtures. The true stresses, true strains, and true pseudostrains are simulated through the force equilibrium and energy balance equations. The true stress in a damaged asphalt mixture is found to be the driving force for crack growth; the crack growth in turn aggravates the localization of the true stress/true strain. The ratio of the true stress and the apparent stress in a damaged asphalt mixture is used to calculate the damage density. The evolution of the damage density with repeated loading demonstrates the development of fatigue cracking in the asphalt mixture. In addition to modeling fatigue cracking in asphalt mixtures, the energy-based mechanistic approach developed in this paper can be used with a wide range of tests to predict crack growth of different types of materials because of its mechanical nature.
Desensitized control of vibratory systems with friction: linear programming approach

SUMMARY This paper presents a linear programming based approach for the design of controllers for rest-to-rest manoeuvres of vibratory systems subject to friction. A multiple spring mass system is considered in the development where friction and control input forces act on the same mass. The result of the linear programming is a control profile for rest-to-rest manoeuvres where the static and Coulomb friction is included in the system model. The positive pulse controller is also developed when the available frictional force brings the system to rest. These controllers can be applied to precision positioning systems and servo applications where the effect of friction and flexibility are significant. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks in children

Children undergo a variety of orthopedic procedures. Although caudal block and opioids are used frequently, peripheral nerve blockade is gaining popularity in the pediatric population due to advancement in technique and technology and also due to the duration of analgesia.
354. Tissue volume corrected hippocampal NAA is reduced in schizophrenia

placebo). A series of 32 TE stepped echo-planar images was collected in four axial slices of the cerebellum or one of the basal ganglia to calculate T2-relaxation times indicative of blood flow in the vermis and caudate/putamen. A MPH dose-dependent decrease in resting blood flow in the vermis was observed (F(3,21) 5 5.261, p , 0.01) which was associated with reductions in activity (F(3,21) 5 5.123, p , 0.0081) and increased attention (F(3,21) 5 6.853, p , 0.002). MPH dose-dependently alters blood flow in the cerebellar vermis, coincident with improvement in symptoms in ADHD children. The major output nucleus of the vermis, the fastigial nucleus, with projections to brainstem regions such as the LC, VTA, SN, STN and parabrachal nucleus, implicates it in motor and attentional coordination.
A photoluminescence study of C60 and C70

Abstract The luminescence spectra of C 60 and C 70 have been recorded in glassy toluene solution at 77 K and as neat solids at 5 K. The C 70 spectrum consists of two band systems each with resolved vibronic structure. The red system of C 70 begins at 15012 cm −1 , exhibits a lifetime of 1 → S 0 fluorescence. The infrared emission system begins at 12614 cm −1 , decays with a 30 ms lifetime and is assigned as T 1 → S 0 phosphorescence. A weak luminescence maximum at 13579 cm −1 is assigned tentatively as the S 1 → S 0 fluorescence of C 60 .
Cardiovascular effects of prostaglandin I2 and prostaglandin F2α in the unanesthetized bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

The cardiovascular effects of prostaglandin (PG)I2 and PGF2 alpha were compared in the unanesthetized American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Control mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were 25.7 +/- 1.1 mm Hg and 35.1 +/- 1.1 beats/min, respectively. Intravenous injections of PGI2 decreased MAP and increased HR in a dose-dependent fashion over the range of concentrations tested (0.03, 0.3, 3, and 10 micrograms/kg-body weight [bw]. Neither atropine (1 mg/kg-bw) nor verapamil (1 mg/kg-bw) treatment altered the MAP or HR responses to PGI2 (3 micrograms/kg-bw). However, propranolol (5 mg/kg-bw) significantly blunted the hypotensive effects without affecting the increase in HR. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (tested at 0.3, 3, 30, and 100 micrograms/kg-bw) increased both MAP and HR. Mean arterial pressure increased with concentrations greater than 0.3 microgram/kg-bw and reached peak effects at 30 micrograms/kg-bw. Prostaglandin F2 alpha increased HR at doses greater than 0.3 microgram/kg-bw. Neither the pressor nor positive chronotropic effects of PGF2 alpha (30 micrograms/kg-bw) were affected by atropine or propranolol. However, verapamil significantly attenuated the pressor effects without affecting the increase in HR. These results demonstrate that both prostaglandins have qualitatively similar effects on HR, but opposite effects on MAP. Prostaglandin I2 is a hypotensive prostaglandin, while PGF2 alpha is hypertensive. The pressor effects of PGF2 alpha are partially dependent on calcium influx. The positive chronotropic effects of both prostaglandins are independent of the autonomic nervous system, suggesting a different mechanism of action.
Removal of nitric acid by emulsion liquid membrane: Experimental results and model prediction

Abstract An emulsion liquid membrane system was applied to effectively separate nitrate ions from water. Batch experiments were performed to develop suitable emulsion liquid membrane systems, the standard of which stipulates that the efficiency of the extraction is more than 90%. Optimal conditions were obtained by testing the stirring speed selection of internal reagents, selection of extractants, and quantity of emulsion. We found that the efficiency of the new emulsion liquid membrane, developed by us, was more than 94% for the extraction of nitrate ions, and the residence times of these systems are all less than 10 min. A model was developed to simulate the batch extraction. All parameters of the model were obtained from experiments, or calculated by using published correlations. In the model, solutes react reversibly with the internal reagents, and the effective diffusivity of the solutes in emulsion globules is dependent upon the local solute concentration in membrane phase. Numerical solutions are presented for the non-linear equations of this model. We found that the model predictions fit the experimental data quite well.
The Impact of Accent and Status on Information Recall and Perception Formation.

Evidence that accents influence listeners' perceptions of speakers is well documented. The present study continued the examination of the effects of accents on subjects' perceptions of sources. Additionally, the investigation attempted to assess whether the effects of the perceptions of accent and personal perceptions have an impact on information recall. The results, by American listeners, confirmed that more favorable assessments were assigned to American than nonAmerican accented speakers. These person perceptions attributed to the sources, however, did not affect the information recalled. By contrast, the status of the speaker did affect information recall. Specifically, subjects recalled more information from messages delivered by professors than by students, regardless of accent. There was an interesting message by accent interaction on information recall. That is, American subjects reported greater recall of the wine message from nonAmerican accented speakers than American accented source.
The role of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting later than six hours after the onset of symptoms.

Abstract Thrombolytic therapy clearly reduces mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction, especially when initiated within 6 hours of onset of symptoms. Some studies have also suggested that thrombolytic therapy may improve survival even when initiated 6–24 hours after the onset of symptoms by mechanisms other than infarct size limitation, such as reduced expansion, reduced electrical instability, and improved healing of the infarct. However, in view of the possibility that late thrombolytic therapy may also be associated with an increased risk of cardiac rupture, the risk-benefit ratio needs to be more clearly defined. Ongoing randomized trials are expected to clarify the situation in the near future. In the meantime, efforts to initiate reperfusion as soon after the onset of myocardial infarction as possible should continue, since early treatment is still the best treatment.
Hibernoma presenting as an asymptomatic neck mass.

Abstract Background Hibernomas are rare benign tumors of brown fat tissue origin. These tumors are generally found in locations where fetal fat persists (back, axilla, thorax and retroperitoneum). Methods and Results We report a case of a patient with an asymptomatic neck mass that initially presented for evaluation of hoarseness. Imaging and complete surgical excision of the mass were performed and revealed hibernoma. Review of the literature for the presentation of hibernoma in the neck is performed. Conclusion Hibernomas are rare benign tumors that infrequently present in the neck. Complete surgical removal is curative. To date no malignant transformation or metastasis has been described.
Lipid disorders in obesity

Obesity is considered a public health problem because it is associated with multiple risk factors that place individuals into a significantly high risk group for coronary heart disease. The cardiovascular dysmetabolic syndrome seen in conjunction with obesity is not only associated with insulin resistance and hypertension but also involves an abnormal metabolism of lipids, which leads to an increased storage of fat and subsequent increase in the atherogenesis process. This article details the dyslipidemia of obesity and its cardiovascular consequences and presents some ways in which it can be managed.
Studies on the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of no with carbon

The mechanism of the reaction of NO with carbon was examined, with a particular focus on the role of desorption of oxides from the surface. The carbon was an ex-phenol formaldehyde char of low impurity levels, the temperature range studied was 773–1073 K, and the partial pressure of NO was varied from 1 to 10.1 kPa. The reaction was characterized by two different mechanistic regimes. The low temperature regime (
The lubricating activity of human synovial fluids

The lubricating abilities of human synovial fluids were measured using a rotating cartilage-on-glass apparatus. A total of 247 human fluids were lubrication-tested. Of these, 20 of the 180 knee fluids from patients with degenerative/traumatic joint disease lubricated less well than normal bovine synovial fluid. The remainder of the fluids from the knee and other joints were equivalent to normal bovine synovial fluid in their lubricating properties. The concentrations of hyaluronic acid, protein, and sialic acid and the relative viscosity of 117 human fluid samples were determined, but no relationships between the gross composition and the lubricating abilities were apparent.
Achieving bounded fairness for multicast and TCP traffic in the Internet

There is an urgent need for effective multicast congestion control algorithms which enable reasonably fair share of network resources between multicast and unicast TCP traffic under the current Internet infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a quantitative definition of a type of bounded fairness between multicast and unicast best-effort traffic, termed "essentially fair". We also propose a window-based Random Listening Algorithm (RLA) for multicast congestion control. The algorithm is proven to be essentially fair to TCP connections under a restricted topology with equal round-trip times and with phase effects eliminated. The algorithm is also fair to multiple multicast sessions. This paper provides the theoretical proofs and some simulation results to demonstrate that the RLA achieves good performance under various network topologies. These include the performance of a generalization of the RLA algorithm for topologies with different round-trip times.
Isotopic consequences of consumer food choice: Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios in foods from fast food restaurants versus supermarkets

Abstract We investigated geographic trends in the isotopic composition of the modern American diet, purchasing paired food items from fast food restaurants and supermarkets across the USA. We observed large ranges in δ 2 H and δ 18 O values, suggesting variation in the region-of-origin for beef, wheat, and potatoes. Mean restaurant meal δ 2 H and δ 18 O values (−114 and 22.6‰, respectively) were similar to supermarket values (−111 and 22.1‰, respectively). There were no correlations between restaurant beef and local tap water isotope values but significant correlations between supermarket beef and water ( δ 2 H beef = δ 2 H water * 0.19−115‰ and δ 18 O beef = δ 18 O water * 0.17 + 14.8‰) suggesting regionality in the source of beef available to supermarket patrons. We observed no correlations between the stable isotopic composition of carbohydrates and local tap water. Understanding regional differences observed in some foods but not others will help refine parameters in models used to explore human movements in anthropological, archaeological, and forensic studies.
Torsional creep of polycarbonate orthodontic brackets

Objective. Polycarbonate materials are known to exhibit creep. The purpose of this study was to investigate torsional creep of polycarbonate orthodontic brackets. Methods. Four polycarbonate, one metal, and one ceramic brackets were tested. An in vitro torque apparatus was constructed which applied 2000 g-mm of torque to the bracket slot via a cantilever beam perpendicular to the bracket face. The apparatus was placed in a 37°C water bath. Measurements of the angle of the cantilever beam were made at various times from 1 to 28 d. The initial angular change on loading and subsequent changes with time were compared with ANOVA and Tukey tests at p < 0.5. Results. All but one bracket showed the majority of creep by 2 d. Creep was not judged to be clinically significant for the metal, ceramic and the metal slot-reinforced brackets. The polycarbonate bracket without metal slots demonstrated significantly more creep (p < 0.05) than the polycarbonate reinforced with a metal slot, metal and ceramic brackets. Significance. Clinically significant bracket slot angle (torque) change due to creep can occur when using polycarbonate brackets without metal slot reinforcement.
The postoperative basal cortisol and CRH tests for prediction of long-term remission from Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal surgery.

Context: Selective adenomectomy via transsphenoidal surgery induces remission of Cushing's disease (CD) in most patients. Although an undetectable postoperative serum cortisol (<2 μg/dl) has been advocated as an index of remission, there is no consensus on predictors of recurrence. Objective: We hypothesized that patients with subnormal cortisol (2–4.9 μg/dl) might achieve long-term remission and that postoperative responses to CRH might predict recurrence. Design, Setting, and Participants: We prospectively studied CD patients with initial remission after adenomectomy or hemihypophysectomy (n = 14). Long-term recurrence (n = 39) or remission (n = 293) was assigned by laboratory results, glucocorticoid dependence, or patient survey at a mean of 10.6 yr after surgery. Intervention and Main Outcome Measures: Postoperatively, morning cortisol was measured on d 3–5, and cortisol and ACTH responses to ovine CRH were assessed around d 10. Results: Follow-up duration was median 11 yr (range 1–22.8 yr). Fewer pat...
Dependence of the vortex-solid phase transition of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} thin films on anisotropy: Evidence for a universal phase boundary

The vortex-solid phase boundary of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}\mathrm{}}$ (YBCO) thin films was studied as a function of oxygen stoichiometry, \ensuremath{\delta}, using magnetotransport measurements. Experimental evidence for a characteristic crossover field, ${\mathrm{H}}_{0}$, separating two distinct types of behavior, was observed for films with \ensuremath{\delta}g0.12 to occur at a temperature, ${\mathrm{T}}_{0}$, that is about half of the superconducting transition temperature (${\mathrm{T}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\approx}${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$/2). When plotted as ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{g}}$(T)/${\mathrm{H}}_{0}$ versus (1-T/${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$), all of the boundaries collapse onto a single universal curve. An implication of this collapse is that an empirical equation which depends only on ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$, the anisotropy \ensuremath{\gamma}, and ${\mathrm{T}}_{0}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{g}}$(T)=${\mathrm{H}}_{0}$[(1-T/${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$)/(1-${\mathrm{T}}_{0}$/${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$)${]}^{\mathrm{n}}$, where ${\mathrm{H}}_{0}$=[1.2${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{0}$/(s\ensuremath{\gamma}${)}^{2}$], can be used to describe the ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{g}}$(T) boundary for any YBCO thin film and other disordered YBCO materials. Estimates of the vortex-glass (VG) correlation length, ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{VG}}$, are made. The value of ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{VG}}$ at the point where VG scaling finally breaks down is found to be independent of magnetic field for the fully oxygenated films, however, it is dependent on field for deoxygenated films. This result suggests that the pinning in the fully oxygenated films is dominated by correlated disorder while pinning in the deoxygenated films becomes dominated by quenched disorder.
Selection and characterization of acriflavine-induced mutants of Candida albicans.

Acriflavine-treated cells of C. albicans plated on a medium containing glucose as the principal carbon source gave rise to numerous colonies, most of which grew when replica-plated onto a similar medium containing sodium acetate substituted for glucose. Of the small fraction of colonies from the glucose medium which failed to replicate, some were found to be true petites, deficient for cytochromes a and b; others possessed complete cytochrome spectra, like those of their wild-type parents, but, nevertheless, respired at reduced rates on both fermentable and non-fermentable substrates. The role of the conventional cytochrome system in a wild-type culture was indicated by the strong inhibition of its respiration by cyanide, azide and antimycin A.
EMBEDDING ECONOMIES OF SCALE CONCEPTS FOR HUB NETWORK DESIGN.

Abstract We explore the idea of endogenous hub location on a network. In contrast to much of the literature, we propose that hub networks may emerge naturally out of a set of assumptions and conditions borrowed from equilibrium traffic assignment. To this end, we focus on applying a nonlinear cost function that rewards economies of scale on all network links. A model is presented and implemented in a GIS environment using both a 100-node intercity matrix and several synthesized interaction matrices. We compare solutions for different assumptions about network costs, and visualize the results. We find that under discounted conditions, network flow is re-routed to take advantage of the cost savings for amalgamation and that several cities emerge as centers through which large amounts of flow pass. Larger cities such as Los Angeles, New York and Chicago serve gateway functions. We also find that smaller cities such as Oklahoma City, Pittsburgh, Indianapolis, and Knoxville serve major gateway functions because of their locational advantages. Our paper should be of interest to the planner of a surface transportation system, or those interested in nodal concepts such as gateways and transport geography. Results are discussed in light of hub and spoke networks and suggestions are made for future research.
Ischemic Episode and Hanging on to a Painful Memory

Chest pain is a common cause of emergency department presentation in the United States with about 6 million patient visits every year ([1][1]), and many more elective presentations to physician offices. A small proportion of these patients go on to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and many