cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The detection and preparative separation of anti-A hemagglutinins following starch gel zone electrophoresis.

Summary A method is presented for the detection and separation of minute quantities of both human and plant anti-A hemagglutinins from starch gels following zone electrophoresis. Detection and localization of antibody by direct incubation of one millimeter sections of gel with A1 cells were sucessfully carried out. Significant amounts of antibody-containing liquid were obtained from the gel by cubing of selected sections into one millimeter pieces and allowing these to stand in the cold. Addition of small volumes of suitable solutions assisted in diluting and carrying the extruded material from the gel surface. Recoveries of hemagglutinin averaging 73% were obtained using crude immune anti-A serum. Somewhat lower average recoveries were attained for crude P. lunatus extract (41%), partially purified immune anti-A serum (58%) and partially purified P. lunatus (30%). Resume Les auteurs presentent une methode pour la detection et la separation de petites quantites d'hemagglutinines anti-A d'origine humaine et vegetale a partir de blocs de gelose d'amidon apres electrophorese de zone. La detection et l'utilisation de l'anticorps, par incubation directe de fragments de 1 mm de gelose avec des erythrocytes A1 est tout a fait satisfaisante. Des quantites significatives de liquide contenant l'anticorps ont ete obtenues a partir de la gelose en la fractionnant par morceaux et en mettant ces morceaux au froid. En ajoutant de petites quantites de solution adequate, on favorise l'extrusion du materiel a partir de la surface de gelose. Le taux de recuperation de l'hemagglutinine est de 73% lorsqu'on utilise un serum anti-A immun brut. Le taux de recuperation est legerement plus bas pour l'extrait de P. lunatus brut (41%), le serum anti-A immun partiellement purifie (58%) et l'extrait de P. lunatus partiellement purifie (30%). Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zum Nachweis und zur Trennung geringster Mengen von menschlichen und pflanzlichen Anti-A-Hamagglutininen aus Starkegelelektrophoresestreifen beschrieben. Der Nachweis und die Lokalisation erfolgte durch direkte Inkubation von ein Millimeter breiten Schnitten mit A1Zellen. Es gelang erhebliche Mengen antikorperhaltiger Flussigkeit aus ausgewahlten, ein Millimeter breiten und in der Kalte stehengelassenen Schnitten zu gewinnen. Der Zusatz kleiner Mengen geeigneter Losungen erwies sich als brauchbar, um die Wirkstoffe von der Geloberflache abzulosen. Bei Verwendung von rohem Anti-A-Immunserum betrug die Ausbeute an Hamagglutinin im Mittel 73%. Mit rohem P. lunatus-Extrakt war sie etwas geringer, sie betrug im Mittel 41%. Ebenso wurden bei Verwendung von teilweise gereinigtem Immun-Anti-A-Serum und von teilweise gereinigtem P. lunatus-Extrakt niedere Ausbeuten festgestellt. Sie betrugen 58 bzw. 30%.
Adsorption of Water on Alkali Halide Surfaces Studied by Scanning Polarization Force Microscopy

The adsorption of water on several alkali halide surfaces was studied using scanning polarization force microscopy. Water adsorption leads to an overall increase of surface potential and ionic mobility. At a critical humidity that is characteristic of each salt (NaCl, KCl, KBr, and KI), important changes in the rate of increase of the surface potential and ionic mobility occurred. Topographical changes occurred as well, in the form of step motion. These were observed to occur at a fast rate above the critical point, while little step motion occurred at lower humidity. Dissolution of the crystal (deliquescence) is observed at high humidity. Below the critical humidity, contact potential images indicate that preferential solvation of cations occurs at steps producing a large enhancement of the step contrast in the images.
Contribution of Gas and Electric Stoves to Residential Ultrafine Particle Concentrations between 2 and 64 nm: Size Distributions and Emission and Coagulation Rates

Three indoor sources (a gas stove, an electric stove, and an electric toaster oven) of ultrafine particles (UFPs) have been studied in an instrumented test house on the campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Previous studies have reported the concentration of ultrafine particles indoors due to cooking, but have been limited to particles with diameters greater than 10 nm. New technology now makes it possible to measure particles as small as 2 nm. Therefore, NIST conducted a study to measure typical concentrations and estimate emission rates and coagulation rates of UFPs in the size range from 2 to 64 nm. More than 150 tests were completed. Peak concentrations from the gas and electric stovetop burners/coils occurred at a particle size of approximately 5 nm. Total number concentrations were as much as 10 times greater than reported in previous studies of particle sizes above 10 nm. Because of these high concentrations of very small particles, coagulation was the dominant proces...
Inscription legibility method for estimating rock weathering rates

Abstract Relative legibility of dated inscription is closely associated with measured surface recessions for 3895 Vermont marble tombstones, and the resulting ordinal-to-ratio transfer function allows weathering rates to be computed for many exposed rock surfaces that cannot be measured by more accurate methods. Case studies demonstrate applications of the technique. (1) Surfaces of horizontal ground-level marble plaques have dissolved at steady rates of 1.3 mm/100 yr in Providence, RI and 1.1 mm/100 yr in Richmond, VA despite reports of increasing acid rain. (2) Vertical faces of century-old marble tombstones in upper midwestern United States small-towns have receded 10 times faster (1.4 mm/ 100 yr) than have stones in less polluted environments. (3) Vertical faces of limestone monuments have receded at half the rate (0.5 mm/ 100 yr) of Vermont marble tombstones (0.9 mm/ 100 yr) in Louisville, KY. (4) Aspect differences have not affected recession rates of marble pillar surfaces near Philadelphia, PA. (5) Aspect is important to sandstone granular weathering rates at Inscription Rock, NM, where north-facing cliffs recede 3 times faster (0.9 mm/ 100 yr) than do southeast-facing cliffs. (6) Horizontal pre-weathered quartizite surfaces at a scenic overlook in Maryland recede at 0.6 mm/ 100 yr.
Two-dimensional bit-stuffing schemes with multiple transformers

We present bit-stuffing schemes which encode arbitrary data sequences into two-dimensional (2-D) constrained arrays. We consider the class of 2-D runlength-limited (RLL) (d, infin) constraints as well as the 'no isolated bits' (n.i.b.) constraint, both defined on the square lattice. The bit stuffing technique was previously introduced and applied to the class of 2-D (d, infin) constraints. Analytical lower bounds on the rate of these encoders were derived. For d = 1, a more general scheme was analyzed and shown to obtain improved performance. We extend the (1, infin)-construction to (d, infin) constraints where d ges 2. We then suggest a bit-stuffing scheme for the n.i.b. constraint, based on a capacity-achieving scheme for a one-dimensional RLL (0,3) constraint. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes
Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction

Amiodarone is an effective medication for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Originally developed for the treatment of angina, it is now the most frequently prescribed antiarrhythmia drug despite the fact that its use is limited because of potential serious side effects including adverse effects on the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones. Although the mechanisms of action of amiodarone on the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone metabolism are poorly understood, the structural similarity of amiodarone to thyroid hormones, including the presence of iodine moieties on the inner benzene ring, may play a role in causing thyroid dysfunction. Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction includes amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (AIH). The AIT develops more commonly in iodine-deficient areas and AIH in iodine-sufficient areas. The AIT type 1 usually occurs in patients with known or previously undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction or goiter. The AIT type 2 usually occurs in normal thyroid glands and results in destruction of thyroid tissue caused by thyroiditis. This is the result of an intrinsic drug effect from the amiodarone itself. Mixed types are not uncommon. Patients with cardiac disease receiving amiodarone treatment should be monitored for signs of thyroid dysfunction, which often manifest as a reappearance of the underlying cardiac disease state. When monitoring patients, initial tests should include the full battery of thyroid function tests, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and antithyroid antibodies. Mixed types of AIT can be challenging both to diagnose and treat and therapy differs depending on the type of AIT. Treatment can include thionamides and/or glucocorticoids. The AIH responds favorably to thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Amiodarone is lipophilic and has a long half-life in the body. Therefore, stopping the amiodarone therapy usually has little short-term benefit.
The Predictive Validity of Verbal and Numerical Subtests of the Personnel Tests for Industry (PTI) in a Sample of Highly Skilled Employees

This study sought to moderate the overall validity coefficients (.24 and .23 respectively, p > .05) of the verbal and numerical subtests of the Personnel Tests for Industry (PTI) for 59 top level employees by testing the proposition that high ability workers should be more predictable when job motivation is also defined as high. Support for the proposition was provided when relative to the criterion of job success, the predictive validity of the verbal subtest increased to .64 (p < .001), whereas the predictive validity of the numerical subtest reached .42 (p < .05) when only those subsamples of individuals in the high ability ranges (above the medians) were considered. A rationale for the interactive relationship between test scores and performance ratings was discussed.
Enantioselective synthesis of metacycloprodigiosin via the "Wasserman pyrrole".

Abstract A concise, nine-step enantioselective total synthesis of metacycloprodigiosin is reported. The synthesis provides increased step-efficiency over the previous racemic and enantioselective syntheses of this compound. Key features of the work include investigations into a convergent oxidative coupling reaction and subsequent ring-closing metathesis to deliver an advanced pyrrole intermediate we name the ‘Wasserman pyrrole’ that can be converted to metacycloprodigiosin in one step.
Oral Apparatus Structure in the Carnivorous Macrostomal Form of Tetrahymena vorax

The structure of the oral apparatus in the carnivorous macrostomal form of Tetrahymena vorax has been investigated using serial thin sections and preparations of isolated oral apparatuses. The cilia of the oral apparatus are organized into an undulating membrane that borders the right and part of the posterior margin of the buccal cavity and three membranelles that project from plateaus on the anterior surface. Each membranelle consists of one short row and two longer rows of hexagonally packed kinetosomes. The organization of the microtubules of the oral ribs is identical to that in the T. vorax microstomal cell type. However, the first oral rib originates near the first kinetosome at the anterior end of the undulating membrane. The fine filamentous reticulum that underlies part of the oral ribs in the macrostomal cell type is not striated, unlike the reticulum in the microstomal form. A band of filaments similar to the fine filamentous reticulum extends around the anterior margin of the large cytostomal opening that occupies most of the posterior part of the oral cavity. The single row of microtubules along the left side of the oral cavity and cytostome also has filaments associated with it. A major difference between the microstomal and macrostomal forms in the structure of the oral apparatus is in the oral connectives. The macrostomal cell type contains only a single cross-connective that joins the three membranelles and the anterior portion of the undulating membrane. The posterior or peripheral connective between the posterior ends of membranelles one and two and the posterior end of the undulating membrane is absent.
Supersonic copper clusters

Copper clusters ranging in size from 1 to 29 atoms have been prepared in a supersonic beam by laser vaporization of a rotating copper target rod within the throat of a pulsed supersonic nozzle using helium for the carrier gas. The clusters were cooled extensively in the supersonic expansion [T(translational) 1 to 4 K, T(rotational)=4 K, T(vibrational)=20 to 70 K]. These clusters were detected in the supersonic beam by laser photoionization with time‐of‐flight mass analysis. Using a number of fixed frequency outputs of an exciplex laser, the threshold behavior of the photoionization cross section was monitored as a function of cluster size. The 7.9 eV photon energy of the F2 excimer laser was found to be above the ionization potential of all clusters, and the photoion mass spectrum thus produced showed the copper cluster concentration in the beam to follow a monotonically decreasing function of cluster size. The 6.4 eV ArF exciplex laser photon energy was found to be above the photoionization threshold of clusters with three or more atoms in the case of odd‐numbered clusters, but only for clusters with eight or more atoms for even‐numbered clusters. Extending out to clusters as large as 29 atoms, laser photoionization at 6.4 eV produced a time‐of‐flight mass distribution with a pronounced even/odd alternation in cluster photoion intensity. This alternation in ionization threshold behavior was attributed to an even/odd alternation in the electronic structure of the copper clusters with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the even clusters being considerably more strongly bonding than it is in the clusters with an odd number of copper atoms. The 4.98 eV photon energy of the KrF exciplex laser was found to lie below the ionization threshold of all clusters in the 1 to 29 atom range. An extensive survey of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the copper dimer was also performed with this supersonic beam source. Resonance two‐photon ionization (R2PI) with mass selective detection allowed the detection of five new electronic band systems in the region between 2690 and 3200 A, for each of the three naturally occurring isotopic forms of Cu2. In the process of scanning the R2PI spectrum of these new electronic states, the ionization potential of the copper dimer was determined to be 7.894±0.015 eV.
Correlation between simulations and cavitation-induced erosion damage in Spallation Neutron Source target modules after operation

Abstract An explicit finite element (FE) technique developed for estimating dynamic strain in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) mercury target module vessel is now providing insight into cavitation-induced erosion patterns observed on interior surfaces of SNS targets during post-irradiation examination. The technique uses an empirically developed material model for the mercury that describes its volumetric stiffness combined with a tensile pressure cut-off limit to approximate the threshold and effect of cavitation. The longest period each point in the mercury is at the tensile cut-off threshold is denoted as “saturation time”. Patterns of saturation time can be obtained from the FE simulations and are being positively correlated with observed damage patterns as a qualitative measure of damage potential. Saturation time has been advocated by collaborators at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) as a factor in predicting bubble nuclei growth and collapse intensity. Larger ratios of maximum bubble-size-to-nucleus result in greater bubble collapse intensity; longer saturation times correlate to greater ratios. With the recent development of a user subroutine for the FE solver, saturation time is now provided over the entire mercury domain. Saturation time contour maps agree with patterns of damage seen on the SNS inner vessel beam window and elsewhere. The other simulation result which seems to correlate with observed damage patterns is the local mercury velocity. Related R&D has provided evidence that damage is mitigated by flow velocity. Surfaces which are near regions of low mercury velocity appear to be more vulnerable to damage than those where the mercury flow is strong and sustained. By combining the patterns of saturation time and velocity a viable explanation for observed damage patterns is presented.
TH‐C‐201C‐07: Reduction of Irregular Breathing Artifacts in Respiration‐Correlated CT Images Using a Respiratory Motion Model

Purpose: Respiration‐correlated CT (RCCT) images produced with commonly used phase‐based sorting often exhibit discontinuity artifacts between CT slices. Displacement‐based sorting reduces artifacts but missing image data (gaps) may occur. We investigate the application of a respiratory motion model to produce an RCCT image set with reduced artifacts. Method and Materials: Input data consist of CT slices from a cine scan acquired while recording respiration by monitoring abdominal displacement. Model‐based generation of RCCT images consists of 4 processing steps: 1) sorting of CT slices according to respiration signal displacement to form volume images at 10 motion states over the cycle; 2) deformable registration between a reference image at one motion state and each of the remaining images; 3) generation of the motion model by applying a principal component analysis to establish a relationship between displacement field and respiration signal at each motion state; 4) application of the motion model to deform the reference image into images at the 9 other motion states. Evaluation is in cine scans of a body phantom programmed to move according to a patient respiratory signal and in patient thoracic scans. Results: Comparison in phantom shows that object distortion caused by variable motion amplitude in phase‐based sorting is visibly reduced with model‐based RCCT. Artifacts in patient images at different motion states are also reduced. Comparison with displacement‐sorted images as a ground truth shows that the model‐based images closely reproduce the ground truth geometry at different motion states. Conclusion: Preliminary results in phantom and patient images indicate that the proposed method can produce RCCT image sets with reduced artifacts relative to phase‐binned images without the gaps inherent in displacement‐binned images. Further study is needed in phantom and patient cine CT scans including ones with more highly irregular breathing patterns. Research supported by NIH/NCI grant ROI CA126993.
The spt-1 mutation alters segmental arrangement and axonal development of identified neurons in the spinal cord of the embryonic zebrafish

We examined the arrangement and development of identified neurons in zebrafish embryos homozygous for the mutation spt-1, which acts autonomously and specifically to alter the development of precursors of trunk segmented mesoderm, resulting in muscle-deficient myotomes. We found that the mutation alters the morphology, number, and arrangement of identified motoneurons. By transplanting identified motoneurons between wild-type and mutant embryos, we found that the effect of the mutation was nonautonomous. We suggest that the segmental arrangement and proper axonal development of motoneurons may result from interactions with segmented mesoderm.
Epitaxial Bain path of tetragonal Fe

The epitaxial Bain paths ~EBP’s ! of tetragonal Fe are found by minimizing the total energy with respect to c at each a using first-principles total-energy calculations with the local-spin-density approximation plus a generalized gradient approximation and relativistic corrections. The energy minima along the EBP’s give the equilibrium states of the ferromagnetic, nonmagnetic and two antiferromagnetic phases—the type-I phase, called here AF1, and a phase in which pairs of ferromagnetically coupled ~001! layers alternate in moment, called here AF2. The AF2 phase is found to be lower in energy than AF1 when each is in equilibrium and also when the ~001! plane lattice constant is strained to the Cu~001! lattice constant. Calculations of the six elastic constants of AF2 at equilibrium inserted in the four tetragonal stability conditions show that it is unstable for @100# and @010# shears in the ~001! plane, but is stabilized by epitaxy on Cu~001!. The AF2 phase is indicated to be the phase of the bulk of epitaxial Fe films on Cu~001!. The bulk structure of Fe films on Cu~001! found by quantitative low-energy electron diffraction analysis is shown to be close to the EBP’s of the AF1 phase, but farther from the AF2 phase. On substrates with slightly larger lattice constants than Cu ~001!, the ferromagnetic phase is found to be more stable than AF2.
Type safety from the ground up

Type safety is the most common mechanism for securely running untrusted code from the Internet. When the untrusted code is written in a type-safe language like JavaScript, Java, or C#, the language's type system guarantees that the code cannot damage the user's computer (without the user's permission). This guarantee, however, rests on the correct enforcement of type safety, and a typical computer system has many components that must be trusted to enforce type safety. A bug in any one of these components could break security entirely: a buggy compiler could emit unsafe code, a buggy garbage collector could turn integers into unsafe pointers, a buggy operating system could overwrite a thread's context with untyped data, and a buggy device driver could instruct a device to overwrite typed memory with untyped data.This talk will describe work on the Verve operating system [8]{verve:pldi10}, which uses typed assembly language (TAL)[6] and automated theorem proving to ensure type safety across all components of a computer system, including the garbage collector, the operating system, the device drivers, and all compiler-generated assembly language code. Verve consists of about 35,000 lines of safe C# code, compiled to typed assembly language, running on top of 1500 lines of assembly language, verified with the Z3 automated theorem [2]. For example, the operating system's scheduler is C# code compiled to TAL, while the operating system's low-level context switching and interrupt handling is verified assembly language code. Similarly, the Ethernet driver's packet processing is C# compiled to TAL, while the verified assembly language ensures that devices are managed safely (via verified interaction with PCI) and device memory access is safe (via verified programming of an I/O memory management unit). Finally, the run-time system is split into components that the TAL type system can express (including array-store checks and run-time casts), and components that are verified with theorem proving (in particular, the garbage collector). This splitting is similar to other operating systems designed for high assurance [1, 4, 5, 7], but Verve adds a higher degree of static safety verification: every assembly language instruction is statically verified, either with type checking or theorem proving, to preserve type safety.Because Verve relies on two separate static checkers (TAL and Z3), it does not yet achieve the goal of unified, foundational certification as pursued by the FLINT project [3]. This talk will discuss ongoing work to move closer to this goal, by expressing both Verve's low-level state and a TAL type system in a unified language (Coq). Although this work is preliminary, it has already uncovered several bugs in the specification used to verify Verve's 1500 lines of assembly language. (These bugs were too-strong preconditions and too-weak postconditions; luckily, the specification bugs didn't result in bugs in the code itself.)Verve's source code is available at the following URL (in the "verify" directory): http://www.codeplex.com/singularity
The present status of poultry science instruction in Mexico.

(1967). The Present Status of Poultry Science Instruction in Mexico. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 321-325.
Preliminary characterization of enterooxyntic activity on the guinea pig oxyntic cell.

Stimuli originating in the small intestine enhance gastric acid secretion, an effect termed the intestinal phase of gastric secretion. A humoral agent, enterooxyntin (EO) may mediate this effect. Mechanical distension of an ex uiuo-perfused segment of canine jejunum caused the release of EO measured by cytochemical quantification of hiydroxyl ion production (HIP) in guinea pig gastric oxyntic cells, an index of acid secretion. The H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine (10−5 M), and diamine oxidase, which hydrolyzes endogenous histamine, reduced HIP by 60% and 48%, respectively. Atropine (10−5 M), the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, reduced HIP by 75%. EO-inducecl HIP was also inhibited partially by the Ca2+ antagonist EGTA (10−6 M) and by blockade of calcium channels with LaCl3 (10−6 M). EO does not appear to operate through any single pathway. EO may be a single substance, different from gastrin, or a mixture of substances that have stimulatory effects on the oxyntic cell. Its action on the oxyntic cell ...
Reproductive responses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) to heat stress. II. Responses to night air temperature.

The influence of high night temperature and drought on the abscission of reproductive organs were studied with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. ‘California Blackeye No. 5’) in controlled environments. Floral development of cowpeas at 33/22°C day/night temperature appeared to be normal. However, at 33/30°C day/night temperature all flowers abscissed within 48 h after anthesis due to male sterility resulting from abnormal pollen development and anther indehlscience. By moving plants between growth chambers with high and moderate night temperatures, it was demonstrated that the stage of floral development most sensitive to high night temperature occurred 5–7 days before anthesis. This corresponds with the stage just after the release of the tetrads from the microscope mother cell sac. Plants subjected to drought were smaller, and at the lower night temperature drought resulted in less seed production but this was due to fewer reproductive nodes and the percent abscission of reproductive organs was not influenced by drought. Observations were made on the effects of high temperatures on reproductive growth of six cowpea strains grown under field conditions. Complete abscission of flowers was observed during hot weather under field conditions followed by pod set approximately 6 days after decrease in night temperature. These data are consistent with the observations on cowpeas in growth chambers which demonstrated that high night temperatures can cause male sterility and complete abscission of flowers.
The image of the Devil in C. G. Jung's psychology

Since the Renaissance, Western civilization has pursued the cult of a rational and conscious ego that believes that it can do, know, and organize everything. Never mind that, for example, a Bismarck, the great German chancellor who tried to follow the slogan "Where there is a will, there is a way" was constantly overcome by fits of crying. Once man, the splendid biped, was placed squarely on the center stage, he could conceive of no other function in this world beyond what his ego defined for him. As a consequence, the larger macrocosmic setting that was always vital for the Greeks receded to the periphery and concurrently all nonrational values, including religion, lost their numinous character. The case of religion is rather instructive: its demotion to a system of collective ethical behavior, interspersed with warm inner feelings, perhaps for the first time made us suspicious that it is possible to become ill from too much morality. This process of narrowing now seems to have run its course. For one thing, gods and demons that modern science had expelled from nature have found a new, though less spacious, abode in the human psyche. Above all it is the reality of evil that has become the source of deep and uncanny fascination for modern man. "That," according to Jung, "is the psychological situation in the world today. Some call themselves Christian and imagine that they can trample so called evil underfoot by merely willing to; others have succumbed to it and no longer see the good. Evil today has become the visible Great Power."1 We must add, however, that fascination with evil and the satanic in general is not necessarily an aberration of a sick mind. It may be the obverse (and neglected) side of the "thing" called religion, trying to attract our attention. Jung suggests that in order to find a way out of this quagmire, we learn not to succumb to anything at all. In particular, we must relinquish the illusion of absolute certainty as to the nature of good and evil.
The effect of ethylene on adventitious root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata) cuttings

A promotive effect of ethylene on the formation of adventitious roots by mung bean cuttings was demonstrated using a recirculating solution culture system to apply dissolved ethylene. The number of roots increased in proportion to the length of exposure to the gas. Mean root numbers per cutting for a 4-day exposure to ethylene and an air control were 45 and 19, respectively. The tissue was most sensitive to a 24-h ethylene “pulse” 2–3 days after taking cuttings. Rooting was maximal at a concentration of 13 μl 1−1 ethylene. The ethylene treatment inhibited the growth of roots and terminal buds. Application of Ag+, as silver thiosulfate, reversed the effect of ethylene on the two growth responses but had no effect on root numbers. Norbornadiene, another inhibitor of ethylene action, reversed all three ethylene responses.
Abiotic Degradation of Trifluralin by Fe(II): Kinetics and Transformation Pathways

The herbicide trifluralin (2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine) is widely used in agriculture and may pose toxic risks to some aquatic organisms. While its degradation has been investigated in field studies, this research is the first to elucidate the specific abiotic transformations that trifluralin may undergo in reducing environments such as flooded soils and wetland sediments. Kinetic data and product identities were determined for the degradation of trifluralin in Fe(II)/goethite suspensions at near-neutral pH values. Under these conditions, trifluralin is consumed rapidly through a surface-mediated process that includes three distinct reactions: reduction of nitro groups, dealkylation of propylamines, and cyclization to form benzimidazoles. All detected products are among those that have been reported in natural soils and sediments. Therefore, these transformation pathways may play a significant role in affecting the fate of trifluralin in the environment.
A satellite altimetric geoid in the Philippine Sea

A detailed geoidal map of the Philippine Sea, constructed from GEOS 3 altimeter data, revealed that the average geoidal height in the basins of the Philippine Sea decreases as the age of the basins increases. The geoidal height–age relationship is comparable with that of mid-oceanic ridges, suggesting that the cooling of the marginal sea basin's lithosphere after its formation is similar to that of the oceanic lithosphere created at the mid-oceanic ridges. The data appear to be consistent with the back-arc opening model. However, the corner flow model is also compatible with the smoothly varying geoid over the entire Philippine Sea.
Assessing research in the history of psychology: Past, present, and future

Since 1970, the "New History" of American psychology has grown into a lively specialty, characterized by tightly focused research utilizing archival source material. The collective product so far is an accumulation of disparate pieces rather than a coherent story. For the future, a debate about critical developments in the discipline's history and their causes appears desirable, in order to produce a more informative analysis of this history.
In type 2 diabetes, saxagliptin increased HF hospitalizations, regardless of history of HF or CKD

Source Citation Scirica BM, Braunwald E, Raz I, et al; SAVOR–TIMI 53 Steering Committee and Investigators. Heart failure, saxagliptin, and diabetes mellitus: observations from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 ran...
Stability of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in frozen fresh fruits and vegetables

Abstract The stability of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in homogenized fresh fruits and vegetables representing samples for the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program was evaluated. Samples were homogenized in liquid nitrogen and 5MTHF was measured after 0, 2, 7, 30 days and then at 3-month intervals for a total of 12 months storage at −60 ± 5 °C, utilizing extraction by a tri-enzyme treatment, purification by strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction, and quantification by reverse-phase HPLC. Method validation included analysis of a reference material and interlaboratory analysis of selected samples by HPLC and LC-MS. A canned spinach composite was assayed in each analytical batch to monitor inter-assay precision. No change in 5MTHF content was detected in any of the samples after 12 months. Concentrations ranged from 100μg/100 g in spinach. Relative standard deviations were generally
Culturally Competent Safety Interventions for Children in Old Order Anabaptist Communities

This commentary describes the challenges of child safety interventions in Old Order Amish and Mennonite communities in North America. It proposes nine culturally sensitive interventions appropriate for these separatist communities.
Influence of marine microalgal metabolites on the feeding behavior of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

Effects of microalgal ectocrines on the feeding behavior of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L., collected from Delaware Bay, Lewes, USA, were studied. Unialgal cultures of six species of marine microalgae were grown to the end of their exponential growth phase. Cells were removed by gentle filtration, leaving dissolved microalgal ectocrines in culture filtrates. Filtrates were then tested in filtration rate and particle selection bioassays. In filtration rate bioassays, dissolved ectocrines were delivered to mussels in a flow-through apparatus and removal of beads (6 μm) used to determine rates. Filtration rates were significantly reduced by dissolved ectocrines from two of the microalgal species tested (Olisthodiscus luteus Carter and Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher). None of the microalgal filtrates stimulated filtration rates of mussels. In particle selection bioassays, ectocrines were adsorbed onto either reverse phase (lipophilic) or normal phase (hydrophilic) microparticles (10 μm) and delivered to mussels with an equal concentration of control treated particles. Mussels showed significant selection, either rejection or preferential ingestion, for ectocrine treated spheres depending upon microalgal species and sphere type used. This research shows that pre-ingestive chemical cues from microalgae can influence mussel feeding behavior. We suggest that epicellular ectocrines are more important in mediating this behavior than dissolved ectocrines.
Textual Strategies to Resist Disappearance and the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo

In her paper "Textual Strategies to Resist Disappearance and the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo" Alicia Partnoy draws attention to the ways the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo use literature as both a form of protest and as a way to build solidarity. Focusing on four texts written by the Mothers, Partnoy attempts to correct the lack of attention that this literary work has drawn. Partnoy suggests that in addition to the forms of public protest engaged by the Mothers, their literary activities also play a central role in their efforts. In fact, their use of the literary form cannot be separated from their political activities. It is only through careful analysis of their writing, Partnoy suggests, that we can begin to understand the Mothers as subjects and not as objects of analysis. Moreover, it is through their writing that the women have been able to achieve much success in their struggle. Their texts serve as a form of testimonial memory and also as a form of political activism. Alicia Partnoy, "Textual Strategies to Resist Disappearance and the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 9.1 (2007): Thematic Issue, Representing Humanity in an Age of Terror. Ed. Sophia A. McClennen and Henry James Morello
The role of innate immunity in donor organ procurement

Solid organ transplantation is a life saving procedure for patients with end-stage organ disease, and great care is taken to ensure that healthy organs are procured from deceased or live donors. Despite rigorous efforts to avoid injury, all organs experience some degree of damage from a process called ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). The first part of the injury (ischemia) occurs when the donor organ's blood supply is compromised, and the second part (reperfusion) occurs when the blood supply is reestablished. The pathophysiology of the IRI is complex, but data from many laboratories have demonstrated that the inciting events of ischemia/reperfusion injury are triggered through a phylogenetically conserved system called the innate immune system. The innate immune system is a complex array of molecules, receptors and cellular elements present in species as diverse as plants to humans. This review discusses the role of the innate immune system in renal IRI and focuses on mechanisms of injury during organ procurement and transplantation. Although there are overlapping complex mechanisms, blockade of the innate immune system will likely provide a novel approach to preventing the earliest events associated with renal ischemia. Potentially, blockade of innate immune activation will provide the opportunity to increase the use marginal donors, especially those from patients deceased after cardiac death.
Visual problem solving in the absence of lexical semantics: Evidence from dementia

A case of dissociation between visual and praxic skills and linguistic, referential, and semantic skills is described in a case of dementia. Testing revealed that her visual processing was intact and that she was capable of a wide range of visually based tasks. These included copying geometric figures and block designs; matching items on the basis of number, color, or relative size, matching upper and lower case letters, sequencing numerals, orienting pictures, coins, and letters appropriately, and solving problems based on the identification of geometric patterns or on the identification of logical sequences based on pattern alternation, number, and size increases. In contrast, she was completely incapable of matching pictures on the basis of their semantic or referential meaning; similarly she had lost all comprehension of language. It was argued that this case demonstrates the capacities of a visual system cut off from all symbolic and semantic processes. When examined with other case studies this case provides information about the nature of and interaction between modality-specific perceptual processing and semantic processing, and information about the various cognitive factors involved in visual gnosis. The CT scan indicated frontal atrophy and marked anterior temporal atrophy, a pattern that is consistent with Pick's disease. The case was discussed in terms of the correlation between the pattern of observed strengths and deficits and the neurological pattern of atrophy.
Transcription-induced Cleavage of Immunoglobulin Switch Regions by Nucleotide Excision Repair Nucleases in Vitro

Immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain class switch recombination (CSR) mediates isotype switching during B cell development. CSR occurs between switch (S) regions that precede each Ig heavy chain constant region gene. Various studies have demonstrated that transcription plays an essential role in CSR in vivo. In this study, we show that in vitro transcription of S regions in their physiological orientation induces the formation of stable R loops. Furthermore, we show that the nucleotide excision repair nucleases XPF-ERCC1 and XPG can cleave the R loops formed in the S regions. Based on these findings, we propose that CSR is initiated via a mechanism that involves transcription-dependent S region cleavage by DNA structure-specific endonucleases that function in general DNA repair processes. Such a mechanism also may underlie transcription-dependent mutagenic processes such as somatic hypermutation, and contribute to genomic instability in general.
Reactions of bis(μ-diphenylamino)tetramethyldialuminum and μ-diphenylamino-μ-methyltetramethyldialuminum with trimethylamine, diethyl ether and dimethyl sulfide

Abstract The reactions of (μ-NPh 2 ) 2 Al 2 Me 4 and of μ-NPh 2 -μ-MeAl 2 Me 4 with trimethylamine, diethyl ether and dimethyl sulfide have been investigated. These studies establish that the bases cleave the nitrogen bridged system (μ-NPh 2 ) 2 Al 2 Me 4 to give adducts of formula Me 2 Al(NPh 2 ) · B. The relative stabilities of the adducts formed appear to be in the order NMe > OEt 2 >SMe 2 , with thesulfide adduct apparently dissociated even at −74°. μ-NPh 2 -μ-MeAl 2 Me 4 reacts with a limited supply of base to give Me 3 Al · B and (μ-NPh 2 ) 2 Al 2 Me 4 , and additional base cleaves (μ-NPh 2 ) 2 Al 2 Me 4 as before.
Axial-vector mesons in a relativistic point-form approach

The Poincar\'e invariant coupled-channel formalism for two-particle systems interacting via one-particle exchange, which has been developed and applied to vector mesons, is now applied to axial vector mesons. We thereby extend the previous study of a dynamical treatment of the Goldstone-boson exchange by comparison with the commonly used instantaneous approximation to the case of orbital angular momentum $l=1$. Effects in the mass shifts show more variations than for the vector-meson case. Results for the decay widths are sizable, but comparison with sparse experimental data is inconclusive.
USING NONCONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT TO INCREASE COMPLIANCE WITH WEARING PRESCRIPTION PROSTHESES

We evaluated the effects of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) on compliance with wearing foot orthotics and a hearing aid with 2 individuals. Results showed that NCR increased the participants' compliance with wearing prescription prostheses to 100% after just a few 5-min sessions, and the behavior change was maintained during lengthier sessions. The results are discussed in terms of the potential value-altering effects of NCR.
X-ray observations of the burst source MXB 1728 - 34

Where sufficient information has been obtained, attention is given to the maximum burst flux, integrated burst flux, spectral hardness, rise time, etc., of 96 X-ray bursts observed from March 1976 to March 1979. The integrated burst flux and the burst frequency appear to be correlated; the longer the burst interval, the larger the integrated burst flux, as expected on the basis of simple thermonuclear flash models. The maximum burst flux and the integrated burst flux are strongly correlated; for low flux levels their dependence is approximately linear, while for increasing values of the integrated burst flux, the flux at burst maximum saturates and reaches a plateau.
Physical explanation for the displacement-length relationship of faults using a post-yield fracture mechanics model

Abstract A plane strain model for a fault is presented that takes into account the inelastic deformation involved in fault growth. The model requires that the stresses at the tip of the fault never exceed the shear strength of the surrounding rock. This is achieved by taking into account a zone, around the perimeter of the fault surface, where the fault is not well developed, and in which sliding involves frictional work in excess of that required for sliding on the fully developed fault. The displacement profiles predicted by the fault model taper out gradually towards the tip of the fault and compare well with observed displacement profiles on faults. Using this model it is found that both (1) the shape of the displacement profile, and (2) the ratio of maximum displacement to fault length are a function of the shear strength of the rock in which the fault forms. For the case of a fault loaded by a constant remote stress, the displacement is linearly related to the length of the fault and the constant of proportionality depends on the shear strength of the surrounding rock normalized by its shear modulus. Using data from faults in different tectonic regions and rock types, the in situ strength of intact rock surrounding a fault is calculated to be on the order of 100 MPa (or a few kilobars). These estimates exceed, by perhaps a factor of 10, the strength of a well developed fault and thus provide an upper bound for the shear strength of the crust. It is also shown that the work required to propagate a fault scales with fault length. This result can explain the observation that the fracture energy calculated for earthquake ruptures and natural faults are several orders of magnitude greater than that for fractures in laboratory experiments.
Single-particle formulation of electron-atom scatterings with strong correlation effects

Abstract The continuum shell model with configuration interactions is reformulated in terms of the commuting single-particle projection operators. Diagonalization of the energy submatrix for the target state configurations constructed from the single-particle basis provides improved threshold energies and allows a simple form of open-channel projection operators. The continuum electron is treated by solving a set of coupled integro-differential equations with complete exchange symmetry. The correlation effect is included as an effective distortion potential which is to be estimated variationally using either the single-particle or the Hylleraas form of wave functions. The nonorthogonality of the exchange channel wave functions, the calculation of resonance energies and their widths, and approximate bounds on scattering parameters are discussed. Two- and three-electron scattering systems are considered in some detail.
Distance to the Efficiency Frontier and Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers

Are firms in the former communist economies converging to the world standard? This is the key question in the most challenging economic transformation at the start of this century. While expert opinions differ on what constitutes a successful and complete transition, it is generally acknowledged that transition economies need to raise their productivity substantially in order to catch up with the advanced countries.1 In this chapter, we show how much progress has been made in reducing the distance between the efficiency of domestic firms and the world technology frontier in two transition economies — the Czech Republic and Russia — and we assess whether the presence of foreign firms in these countries contributes to the reduction of the productivity gap (either through knowledge spillovers or competition).