cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Equality as Investment: EU Work-Life Balance Measures and the Neoliberal Shift

The EU is often seen as one of the most progressive political organizations regarding gender equality, particularly in terms of work-life balance measures. These measures enable parents — especially women, who are predominantly primary caregivers — to reconcile their working and caregiving responsibilities. Since the 1970s, the EU has adopted a wide array of legislative measures and policies to tackle these conflicts, inspired to a large extent by feminist activists’ and authors’ concerns. Over the past twenty years, however, these measures — which were originally influenced by gender justice imperatives — have become part of the neoliberal shift that is currently underway in Europe, and have promoted it. In this context, the article argues, they risk having a classist effect, privileging highly skilled, high-paid workers to the detriment of more economically vulnerable women. Drawing on political economy and EU and gender studies scholarship, the article traces these evolutions. The first part describes how these measures originated in the EU social agenda of the 1970s, and how they subsequently became part of a flourishing gender equality agenda in the 1990s. The second part examines how, starting in the 2000s, these measures became framed as ‘social investments in human capital,’ labor supply instruments, whose goal was to retain highly skilled female workers in the workforce. In parallel to that change, the economic model of the EU became more explicitly neoliberal. After the financial and sovereign debt crisis in 2008/09, the EU embraced labor flexibilization and austerity measures, while it acquired more powers to effectively monitor member states’ fiscal and social policies. The final part describes why these measures will likely have a classist effect and will not deliver gender equality for all women, while also evaluating feminist ideas’ relationship with the transnational triumph of neoliberalism, which the situation in the EU illustrates.
War Schools: Teaching Innovations Implemented across Makeshift Educational Spaces during the Military Siege of Sarajevo.

Educational practices that developed under the conditions of the military siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian War (1992 – 1995) are examined. Analyses of interviews with teachers and students are ...
Study on the effect of family centered care model on the prevention and treatment of severe mycoplasma pneumonia children

Objective To explore the preventive effect of family centered care model on children with severe mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods A total of 70 cases of severe mycoplasma pneumonia children patients were averagely divided into experimental group (family centered care model) and control group (routine nursing) by random number table. The patient′s satisfaction were compared. Results Before intervention, the differences were not statistically significance in parent′s satisfaction between two groups (P>0.05); after the intervention, the parent′s satisfaction in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions The implementation of family centered nursing model can increase the satisfaction of family members and improve the quality of clinical nursing in children with severe mycoplasma pneumonia. Key words: Severe mycoplasma pneumonia; Children; Family centered care; Satisfaction
Comparing Traditional and Mixed Reality-Facilitated Apprenticeship Learning in a Wood-Frame Construction Lab

AbstractMixed reality (MR) has the potential to accelerate construction workforce training and enhance college education. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence in the research literature o...
The challenge of stochastic Størmer–Verlet thermostats generating correct statistics

In light of the recently developed complete GJ set of single random variable stochastic, discrete-time Stormer–Verlet algorithms for statistically accurate simulations of Langevin equations [N. Gronbech-Jensen, Mol. Phys. 118, e1662506 (2020)], we investigate two outstanding questions: (1) Are there any algorithmic or statistical benefits from including multiple random variables per time step and (2) are there objective reasons for using one or more methods from the available set of statistically correct algorithms? To address the first question, we assume a general form for the discrete-time equations with two random variables and then follow the systematic, brute-force GJ methodology by enforcing correct thermodynamics in linear systems. It is concluded that correct configurational Boltzmann sampling of a particle in a harmonic potential implies correct configurational free-particle diffusion and that these requirements only can be accomplished if the two random variables per time step are identical. We consequently submit that the GJ set represents all possible stochastic Stormer–Verlet methods that can reproduce time step-independent statistics of linear systems. The second question is thus addressed within the GJ set. Based on numerical simulations of complex molecular systems, as well as on analytic considerations, we analyze apparent friction-induced differences in the stability of the methods. We attribute these differences to an inherent, friction-dependent discrete-time scaling, which depends on the specific method. We suggest that the method with the simplest interpretation of temporal scaling, the GJ-I/GJF-2GJ method, be preferred for statistical applications.
Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania: Not the Revolution Some Hope for and Others Fear

In Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania, 139 S. Ct. 2162 (2019), the Supreme Court overruled Williamson County v. Town of Hamilton, 473 U.S. 172 (1985) to hold that plaintiffs may file inverse condemnation claims in federal court without first exhausting their claims in state court. Advocates of takings expansion rejoiced that the decision “reopens the federal courthouse door to property owners.” Skeptics takings expansion, meanwhile, worried that the decision transformed “federal courts into the new zoning appeals board for every municipality in the country.” I argue that both camps are wrong. Most inverse condemnation claims will still be filed or decided in state courts, both because many such cases will turn on state law issues appropriate for abstention, and because state courts will often be more receptive to inverse condemnation claims. This short article first lays out the Williamson and Knick decisions, and then discusses why the impact of Knick may not be as great as both critics and celebrants assume.
A Lightweight Intervention to Decrease Gender Bias in Student Evaluations of Teaching

Women are underrepresented as instructors in engineering, computing, and technology classes. One factor that disadvantages women in the classroom are student evaluations of teaching (SETs), as research finds they contain significant gender bias. This may contribute to the dearth of women in computing education, as SETs are used in decisions about contract renewals, hiring, tenure, and promotion. The double-bind is one cause of gender bias in SETs, meaning that it is more difficult for women than for men in leadership positions (such as being a professor) to be perceived as both competent and likable. We examine a lightweight intervention's impact on gender bias caused by the double-bind. Specifically, we conducted a field experiment in which the woman professor of a CS1 class for non-majors gave students in the intervention condition additional, positive exam feedback via email. We hypothesized this would increase students' perceptions of the professor's likability, which would then increase her SETs. We find that the intervention increased top-performing students' ratings of the professors' likability. We also find that the professor received significantly higher SETs the semester she sent the intervention emails. While women should not have to alter their behavior to accommodate students' gender biases, this intervention may be a useful survival strategy for women impacted by gender bias in SETs.
Belief Movement, Uncertainty Reduction, and Rational Updating

When a Bayesian learns new information and changes her beliefs, she must on average become concomitantly more certain about the state of the world. Consequently, it is rare for a Bayesian to frequently shift beliefs substantially while remaining relatively uncertain, or, conversely, become very confident with relatively little belief movement. We formalize this intuition by developing specific measures of movement and uncertainty reduction given a Bayesian’s changing beliefs over time, showing that these measures are equal in expectation and creating consequent statistical tests for Bayesianess. We then show connections between these two core concepts and four common psychological biases, suggesting that the test might be particularly good at detecting these biases. We provide support for this conclusion by simulating the performance of our test and other martingale tests. Finally, we apply our test to data sets of individual, algorithmic, and market beliefs.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of the depth limit of three-photon microscopy

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) techniques provide unprecedented deep access into live scattering tissue. Three-photon microscopy (3PM) has the advantage of the highly confined excitation volume, and its excitation wavelength falls in the optimal wavelength window for deep imaging of common fluorophores in scattering media. These features enable deep high-resolution imaging in complex biological tissues. Here, we provide a theoretical prediction for the depth limit in 3PM and experimentally verify our results. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the depth limit of 3PM depends on the labeling density of the sample, and 3PM can penetrate beyond 10 effective attenuation lengths (EAL) with close to diffraction-limited spatial resolution in a tissue phantom.
Shared streets, park closures and environmental justice during a pandemic emergency in Denver, Colorado

Abstract Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic many municipalities closed or limited access to parks. A few also added new shared streets for citizens to recreate. This large and unprecedented change in the ability of residents to use green space provides an important case for assessing how emergency planning processes might differentially impact minority groups. Methods Using the case of park closures and shared streets expansion in Denver, Colorado in March and April of 2020, this analysis evaluates how walking time and density of use at parks changed for different minority and income groups based on estimating park visits for residential blocks. Results The analysis demonstrates that minority and low income groups were not disproportionately impacted by initial closures. Shared streets provide net decreases across the city in terms of travel time and density for recreational space usage, though there is some indication benefits were not equally distributed. Conclusion The result emphasizes the importance of modern planning efforts and community engagement in ensuring equitable urban resilience while highlighting the potential for shared streets to provide more recreational accessibility if they can be equitably located.
Dip-Pen Nanolithography: Direct Writing Soft Structures on the Sub-100-Nanometer-Length Scale

It is difficult to control surface architecture on the 1-100-nm-length scale with reasonable speed and accuracy. This length scale is the primary length scale of chemistry and biology and if this length scale with control over feature size, shape, registration, and composition can be patterned, the secrets of recognition processes involving extraordinarily complex molecules can be uncovered. Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) can provide both access to this type of control over surface architecture and entry into a new realm of structure-versus-function studies available to the chemist, biologist, physicist, and materials scientist. DPN, in nanoplotter mode, can be used as a powerful means of doing combinatorial nanotechnology. The nanoplotter can be programmed to generate a series of monolayer patterns that vary in composition, feature size, and feature spacing. These patterns can be used to study a range of chemical or physical processes, including crystallization, catalysis, chemical and biochemical recognition, etching behavior, and surface molecular transport.
Reorientational Dynamics of Polyethylene Glycol/PAMAM Dendrimer Blends

The reorientational dynamics of dipoles in a series of blends of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were investigated by broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). Measurements were performed over a wide range of frequency and temperature. Neat PEG exhibits three relaxation processes: the segmental process in the amorphous phase and two faster processes due to the localized motions in the amorphous regions and the rotation of hydroxyl end groups. Addition of dendrimers to the PEG matrix slows down the segmental process in the amorphous phase, but has no effect on the relaxation time of local processes in PEG. However, H-bonding which forms between the PEG oxygen and the amino groups on dendrimer surface is responsible for a shift of local processes in dendrimers to lower frequency. A detail analysis of the effect of temperature, concentration of dendrimers and molecular weight of PEG on the relaxation dynamics is offered.
Making a Crust

Dating zircons from the mid-Atlantic ridge provides clues about how the oceanic crust is formed.
Assessing Pre-service Teachers Prior to Certification: Perspectives on the Performance Assessment for California Teachers (PACT)

This study focuses on pre-service teachers’ perspectives regarding how the process of completing the Performance Assessment for California Teachers (PACT) affected them academically, professionally, and personally. Two cohorts participated in this year-two study. Pre-service teachers’ perspectives were acquired using a survey instrument comprised of open-ended questions. In addition, pre-service teachers’ self-confidence levels pertaining to assessment task components of PACT (i.e., planning, instruction, assessment, reflection, and academic language) were measured prior to the execution of PACT portfolio assessment and these levels were compared to the actual scores on PACT. This study concludes with implications for teacher educators and teacher education programs implementing pre-service teacher assessments; these implications include policy level suggestions as well as a discussion of intended and unintended consequences of the PACT assessment on the pre-service teachers.
Learning and Varying Sequences of Ninth-Grade Mathematics Materials.

This experiment compared three sequence versions (logical, scrambled, and reverse frame orders) of the guided discovery program, Number Series, used by Gagne and Brown in their 1961 study. Sixteen ninth-grade algebra students in each of the three sequence groups plus a control group served as the subjects. While the logical order group was the only sequence group to perform significantly better than the controls on both a test of concepts and a problem solving test, none of the three sequence groups differed significantly from each other on posttest performance. Logical group students did, however, make significantly fewer program errors. They also tended to consider the program “interesting,” whereas scrambled and reverse order groups felt “neutral” about the program.
Susceptibility of staphylococci to minocycline in vitro: identification of group III bacteriophage types by characteristic inhibition of growth.

Abstract Minocycline in concentrations of 1.0 μg per ml or less inhibited growth of 50 staphylococcal isolates which were tested by the broth dilution method. All strains were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline, and 34% were resistant to lincomycin. Minocycline discs identified two populations of minocycline-susceptible strains. The first group with small zones of inhibition surrounding the disc had multiple resistance and all were lysed by group III phage (84/85). The organisms with larger diameter of zones of inhibition were less frequently resistant to the antibiotics tested, and only 7.4% of these organisms were lysed by the 84/85 phage.
A stepwise model of direct contact membrane distillation for application to large-scale systems: Experimental results and model predictions

Abstract A model of mass and heat transfer in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is presented. The distributions of water flux, temperature, and concentration in membrane module channels are modeled to provide cumulative water flux and outlet temperatures and concentrations. The membrane distillation coefficient (MDC)—a membrane-specific mass transfer coefficient—for a well-characterized PTFE membrane was shown to be accurately modeled as a constant value. The MDC was used with a stepwise modeling approach, in which the membrane area is discretized into multiple steps, to provide the distribution of process variables parallel to the membrane surface. A new generalized spacer modeling method was used to account for the presence of complex woven spacers in the flow channels, addressing a significant gap in the DCMD modeling literature. Model predictions showed good agreement with experiments in co-current and counter-current flow modes for different operating conditions and membrane sizes. The stepwise modeling approach was shown to be necessary for providing accurate mass and heat transfer predictions for large-scale DCMD modules, providing a useful tool for the design of large-scale DCMD systems.
Interoperable Summary Description Model Using Dublin Core

This paper proposes an interoperable metadata model generating summary description for multimedia content using Dublin Core (DC). The motive is based on the fundamental concepts such as (1) Description information about the multimedia content is essential in multimedia content access, search and retrieval process (2) the existing metadata are too complicated to use in applications such as e-cataloguing and browsing of e-commerce. As an approach to solve the problem, summary description that may be optimally minimal descriptive elements set derived from existing metadata schemes (full descriptions) is described in this paper. The proposed summary description generator model is achieved using thesaurus approach built on the basis of DC and any existing various metadata schemes.
HPC2 and ubinuclein define a novel family of histone chaperones conserved throughout eukaryotes.

While histone chaperones have been intensely studied, the roles of components of the Hir–Asf1 histone chaperone complex such as Hir3p and Hpc2p are poorly understood. Using sensitive protein sequence profile analyses we investigated the evolution of these proteins and showed that Hir3p and Hpc2p have a much wider phyletic pattern than was previously known. We established the animal histone-deacetylase-complex-interacting proteins, CAIN/CABIN, to be orthologs of Hir3p. They contain a conserved core of around 30 TPR-like bi-helical repeats that are likely to form a super-helical scaffold. We identified a conserved domain, the HUN domain, in all Hpc2p homologs, including animal ubinuclein/yemanuclein and the recently discovered vertebrate cell-cycle regulator FLJ25778. The HUN domain has a characteristic pattern of conserved acidic residues based on which we predict that it is a previously unrecognized histone-tail-binding chaperone. By analyzing various high-throughput data sets, such as RNAi knock-downs, genetic and protein interaction maps and cell-cycle-specific gene expression data, we present evidence that Hpc2p homologs might be deployed in specific processes of chromatin dynamics relating to cell-cycle progression in vertebrates and schizogony in Plasmodium. Beyond the conserved HUN domain these proteins show extensive divergence patterns in different eukaryotic lineages. Hence, we propose that Hpc2p homologs are probably involved in recruitment of the ancient conserved histone-loading Hir–Asf1 complex to different lineage-specific chromatin reorganization processes.
Linguistic markedness and category learning

Several psycholinguistic theories have appealed to the linguistic notion of markedness to help explain asymmetrical patterns of behavioural data. We suggest that this sort of markedness is best thought of as a derived rather than a primitive notion, emerging when the distributional properties of linguistic categories interact with general-purpose category learning mechanisms. To test this claim, four category learning experiments were conducted in which the stimuli were spoken nonsense words (Experiments 1 and 4), musical phrases (Experiment 2), or pictures of robots (Experiment 3). In each experiment, the base rates and variability of the categories were manipulated. A broadly similar pattern of markedness-like behaviour was seen in all three experiments. Our findings highlight the potential role of general-purpose learning mechanisms in theorising about linguistic categories.
A reinterpretation of the mode of life of some Paleozoic frilled gastropods

Linsley, Robert M., Yochelson, Ellis, L. & Rohr, David M. 1978 04 15: A reinterpretation of the mode of life of some Paleozoic frilled gastropods Most modem gastropods crawl, and support their shells up off the substrate. However. five different groupings of snails predominantly rest their shell upon the substrate. One group, Xenophora-like in habit, lives with the base of the shell propped above the substrate by a frill or spines. Re-examination of the Silurian Euomphalopterus shows that the broad frill is not a selenizone as it has been most frequently interpreted. The broad frill may have served the function of propping the aperture above the substrate. All members of the Euomphalopteridae are reassigned. A review of Paleozoic gastropods suggests that this propping mode of life was adopted more than once by unrelated gastropods.
Piecewise linear retractions by reflexion

Abstract The reflexion method of Motzkin and Schoenberg is used to generate a class of piecewise linear retractions from X to Y where X is the set of all points within a fixed distance of the convex polyhedral set Y.
An improved bootstrap method for electromechanical mode estimation using multivariate probability distributions

Electromechanical modes must be estimated with a high level of accuracy in order for the estimates to be useful in helping to ensure reliable power system operation. To assess the accuracy of modal estimates, one would ideally use a Monte Carlo approach where several independent experiments would be performed on an unchanging system. However, in reality a power system is constantly changing, making Monte Carlo tests impractical. Therefore, bootstrapping has been applied to the task of estimating the accuracy of mode estimators. The previously proposed bootstrapping methods involved resampling residuals obtained from various algorithms, from which resampled mode estimates were obtained using a computationally intensive method that includes filtering and the reapplication of the modal estimation algorithm for each bootstrap. This paper proposes a more efficient method of bootstrapping by directly resampling the parameter estimates of an algorithm through the estimation of a multivariate probability distribution. The proposed method is compared with the old method using both simulated and measured data and is shown to retain the accuracy of the old method while significantly reducing the computation time.
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS : HETEROPHILE RESPONSES IN SQUIRREL MONKEYS INOCULATED WITH VIRUS-TRANSFORMED AUTOLOGOUS LEUKOCYTES

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed autologous lymphoblasts were repeatedly inoculated into three squirrel monkeys. Each animal developed the heterophile antibodies of infectious mononucleosis and EBV-specific antibodies. After serologic responses had disappeared or markedly declined, the animals were challenged with either whole cells, cell filtrate, or cell ghosts. Animals challenged with living cells and cell ghosts developed agglutinin responses; the recipient of filtrate did not. The results suggest that EBV induces the appearance of the infectious mononucleosis heterophile antigen on the transformed cell membrane.
A Class of Integral Transforms

In this paper we discuss a new class of integral transforms and their inversion formula. The kernel in the transform is a G-function (for a treatment of this function, see ((1), 5.3) and integration is performed with respect to the argument of that function. In the inversion formula, the kernel is likewise a G-function, but there integration is performed with respect to a parameter. Known special cases of our results are the Kontorovitch-Lebedev transform pair ((2), v. 2; (3))and the generalised Mehler transform pair (7)These transforms are used in solving certain boundary value problems of the wave or heat conduction equation involving wedge or conically-shaped boundaries, and are extensively tabulated in (6).
The secondary-electron background problem in electron excited auger electron spectroscopy

Dynamic background subtraction is used to demonstrate that the recently suggested spline-polynomial scheme for characterizing the secondary electron background neglects an important aspect of the Auger feature. As a consequence of this neglect, area measurements using the spline approximation are difficult to relate to the true Auger current.
Institutional Design for Collective Action: Tweaking the Rules of the Game for the Common Good

Abstract At present, institutional design is an under-theorized and underdeveloped part of the social sciences. In this paper I focus on designs for situations of collective action where the outcome is controlled by the choices of several self-interested actors. In those situations the goal of institutional design is to alter the rules of the game so that self-interested actors find it rational to cooperate. I explore the viability of that definition by considering two examples of institutional design: urban safety and academic peer review. I discuss the implications of my findings for our conception of rational self-interest and propose that three design principles – publicity, boundaries, and contiguity – can be inferred from the analysis.
Oxygen transport and phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates of the ruminant blood--I. Sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon).

Abstract 1. 1. Values for several hematologic parameters were determined for sika deer ( Cervus nippon nippon ), the most prominent features of which were a high red cell count, (10·56±2·64) × 10 6 /μl, and a low MCV, 39·3 ± 6· μ 3 . 2. 2. The hemoglobin of sika deer was a single component of the same mobility when examined by starch gel electrophoresis. 3. 3. The oxygen affinity of deer blood was slightly lower than that of human adult blood through the physiological pH range (pH 6·9 ∼ 7·7). 4. 4. There was no significant difference in the intra- vs extra-cellular pH relationship between deer and human adult blood. 5. 5. Concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and the other organic phosphates were very low in deer red cells. 6. 6. It is concluded that the lower oxygen affinity of deer blood in the essential absence of co-factor phosphates such as 2,3-DPG might be of an intrinsic nature reflecting the characteristic primary structure of the deer hemoglobin itself.
Electrical and optical properties of undoped GaSb grown by molecular beam epitaxy using cracked Sb1 and Sb2

Abstract In this paper, we report on the electrical and optical properties of undoped GaSb samples grown by MBE using Sb 1 as well as Sb 2 produced in a conventional antimony cracker. We establish the existence of Sb 1 and then extract the mole fraction of Sb 1 in the antimony beam as a function of the cracking zone temperature based on a combined analysis of mass spectrometry data and ion gauge flux reading. We find that the Sb 1 mole fraction becomes greater than 90% for cracking zone temperature above 950°C. A series of undoped GaSb samples are grown over a wide range of substrate temperature, V/III ratio and cracking zone temperature. The undoped GaSb samples grown at 550°C show p-type conductivity with a room-temperature hole mobility and hole concentration of ∼730 cm 2 v −1 s −1 and ∼3×10 16 cm −3 , respectively. The hole mobility and hole concentration are essentially independent of the V/III ratio over a range of 1.2–4. Decreasing the growth temperature to 440°C leads to a simultaneous decrease in hole mobility, residual hole concentration and photoluminescence intensity. Hole mobility and hole concentration do not depend strongly on the cracking zone temperature in the range 790–1000°C; however, the optical intensity of the samples grown using Sb 1 is approximately one order of magnitude stronger than those using Sb 2 . Besides the commonly seen bound exciton transitions at 805 (BE1), 803 (BE2), 800 (BE3) and 796 meV (BE4), a free exciton transition at ∼809.4 meV (4 K) is observed in the samples grown with Sb 1 at 550°C, indicating a greatly reduced density of nonradiative recombination centers.
Measuring the social perceptions of persons with moderate and severe disabilities to construct social network maps

When social networks are defined in terms of the perceptions of the social network members, they should be measured through self-report or direct interviews. For persons with moderate and severe disabilities, however, self-reports are often unreliable and invalid; consequently, information from a knowledgable adult has often been used as a proxy. This study examined the utility of a Friendship Judgment Interview (FJI) for obtaining information on social relationships directly from 14 high school students with moderate or severe disabilities. Students made judgments on pairs of photographs, yielding data from which social network maps were produced. Stability of FJI results was assessed by repeating the interviews over a period of 2–4 weeks. Validity was evaluated by comparing FJI results with two concurrent criterion measures—another photo-selection task, and teacher ratings. Finally, the social network maps were interpreted. The FJI demonstrated reasonable stability and validity for approximately half of the students sampled, and produced interpretable social network maps. The results encourage further research on social perceptions of persons with moderate and severe disabilities.
The Impact of the Gulf War on the Ingredients of Presidential Evaluations: Multidimensional Effects of Political Involvement.

When the United States began its overt military conflict with Iraq in January 1991, the news media focused unceasingly on the Gulf crisis. Using national survey data, we show that this emphasis altered the ingredients of Americans' assessments of George Bush's performance. After the war, assessments were based more on beliefs about Bush's effectiveness in managing the conflict and less on confidence in his handling of other foreign relations matters or the domestic economy. Consequently, Bush's overall performance ratings increased dramatically following the war. We also show that the media's impact on political judgments was regulated by citizens' levels of political knowledge, exposure to political news, and interest in the war. Greater impact was associated with higher levels of knowledge and lower levels of exposure and interest. These findings challenge traditional views of these dimensions of political involvement and support a view derived from contemporary psychological theories of information processing.
Infrared spectra of matrix-isolated calcium-44 substituted oxides

Abstract The products of 44 Ca atom reactions with ozone and oxygen have been isolated in solid nitrogen at 15 K. An excellent wavenumber fit for four isotopic molecules confirms the diatomic CaO assignment. Calcium and oxygen isotopic data strongly support the observation of rhombic (CaO) 2 and isosceles triangular CaO 2 and Ca 2 O species.
Japanese spinoffs: Unexplored survival strategies

This paper analyzes spinoffs of Japanese firms and the use of the spinoff as an instrument to achieve corporate growth objectives. The initial separation of the organizations and its governance mode are analyzed in the context of transaction costs theory. Spinoffs may be created in order to (1) balance costs associated with managing diversified businesses, (2) generate growth based on core competencies of a firm, and (3) pursue an efficient internal labor market. In a changing environment, the spinoff has been a widely used flexible organizational arrangement that is suitable to survival and offers an alternative way of diversification.
Bridging the Gap: Building a Collaborative Relationship between Labor and Delivery and Emergency Medical System Response Units

Professional Issues Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program A review of our process was conducted and demonstrated the need to design an incoming obstetric patient report to be utilized between labor and delivery and emergency medical services. It is imperative that a collaborative relationship be established in the community between the departments due to the increasing acuity of maternal patients. There is a direct link in poor maternal and fetal outcomes as a result in delay of care due to inadequate preparation of incoming obstetric patients received from emergency medical services.
An orthotropic sandwich plate containing a part-through crack under mixed mode deformation

Abstract An orthotropic sandwich plate containing a part-through crack subjected to in-plane mixed mode tractions is analyzed, and the basic equations for estimating the stress intensity factors k 1 , k 2 and the debonding naion around the crack are presented.
Differences in locomotor activity between rats and gerbils in response to novelty

Locomotor activity of rats and gerbils was assessed in two tasks which permitted escape and exploratory behaviors to be distinguished. In each task, the animal chose between being in a novel portion of the test apparatus or its home cage. Rats avoided the novel area in both tasks either by running to or remaining in their home cage. Gerbils, in contrast, approached the novel area in both tasks. These results suggest that rats and gerbils differ with regard to the motivational processes which control locomotor activity in novel settings. Locomotor activity of rats in novel settings represents defensive reactions such as freezing or attempts at escape, whereas the locomotor activity of gerbils represents exploration.
Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide induces osteogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells

Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP), an alternatively spliced amelogenin protein, possesses a signaling property shown to induce osteogenic differentiation. In the current study, we detected LRAP expression during osteogenesis of wild-type (WT) embryonic stem (ES) cells and observed the absence of LRAP expression in amelogenin-null (KO) ES cells. We explored the signaling effect of LRAP on wild-type ES cells, and the ability of LRAP to rescue the impaired osteogenesis phenotype observed in KO ES cells. Our data indicate that LRAP treatment of WT and KO ES cells induces a significant increase in mineral matrix formation, and significant increases in bone sialoprotein and osterix gene expression. In addition, the amelogenin KO phenotype is partially rescued by the addition of exogenous LRAP. These data suggest a unique function of LRAP during ES cell differentiation along osteogenic lineage.
An epizootic of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in cultured penaeid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda) in northwestern Peru

Abstract In January and February of 1993 a severe epizootic of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) began to affect a number of commercial penaeid shrimp farms in the Tumbes area of northwestern Peru and adjacent areas of Ecuador. Histological and transmission electron microscopical (TEM) examination of affected juvenile Penaeus vannamei showed massive infections of the hepatopancreas by a pleomorphic intracellular Gram-negative bacterium. The agent was named Peru NHP (PNHP) for its geographical occurrence and for the type of lesion with which it was associated. A very similar bacterium (TNHP) has been found to be associated with a serious epizootic disease in shrimp farms in Texas. Before the cause of the Peru epizootic of PNHP was determined and corrective measures were taken, nearly half of Peru's 44 active shrimp farms had been so seriously affected that they were closed by June of 1993.
DISTRIBUTION OF CAPILLARIES IN RELATION TO OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBRES.

THE anatomical arrangement of the blood-vessels in skeletal muscle was examined in detail by Ranvier1 and by Spalteholz2. The capillaries were found to form a columnar network with longitudinal branches running parallel to the muscle fibres and transverse branches forming segments of rings around the fibres. Ranvier noted that the red muscles of rabbit had a higher density of capillaries than the pale ones. Investigations by Stoel3, and Duyff and Bouman4, revealed a difference in the number of capillaries in various muscles of the same animal. Subsequent studies of capillaries in animals under normal and physiologically altered states, by investigators such as Krogh5, Lindgren6, Petren et al.7, showed only a change in the total number of capillaries. Bullard8 demonstrated that pale muscles consisted of a variable mixture of fibres of different darkness and size. Recently, Dubowitz and Pearse9 have shown histochemically that these fibres of a pale muscle have different intensities of cytochrome oxidase activity.
The relationship between medical students’ knowledge, confidence, experience, and skills related to colorectal cancer screening

Background. Medical student colorectal cancer prevention education is crucial to improving cancer screening rates. Methods. We surveyed 146 medical students about their knowledge, confidence, and experience with colorectal cancer screening. We then used a multivariate general linear model to assess the relationships between these variables and colorectal cancer screening skills as measured in a standardized patient evaluation. Results. Type and amount of experience providing colorectal cancer screening counseling predicted student performance in the standardized patient encounter, although knowledge and confidence did not. Conclusions. Increased practice performing cancer screening may improve medical students’ ability to implement cancer prevention strategies with patients.
A molecular-beam diffraction study of H2 adsorption on Ni(110)

Abstract The adsorption of H2 on Ni(110) has been studied using He and H2 diffraction. We observe four homogeneous ordered phases as the coverage is increased between θ = 0.7 and θ = 1.6 at a substrate temperature of 100 K. Only two of these phases have been previously observed with LEED. Structural models consistent with the diffraction data are presented for three of these phases. We also observe that the adlayer undergoes on irreversible reconstruction upon heating to temperatures greater than 220 K. Although LEED investigations show a (1 × 2) pattern at high coverages for T > 220 K, our results show that the topmost layer is strongly disordered with a remnant (2 × 6) periodicity. The application of molecular beam techniques to the study of adsorbate covered surfaces is discussed.
Actin dynamics and cell-cell adhesion in epithelia

Recent advances in the field of intercellular adhesion highlight the importance of adherens junction association with the underlying actin cytoskeleton. In skin epithelial cells a dynamic feature of adherens junction formation involves filopodia, which physically project into the membrane of adjacent cells, catalyzing the clustering of adherens junction protein complexes at their tips. In turn, actin polymerization is stimulated at the cytoplasmic interface of these complexes. Although the mechanism remains unclear, the VASP/Mena family of proteins seems to be involved in organizing actin polymerization at these sites. In vivo, adherens junction formation appears to rely upon filopodia in processes where epithelial sheets must be physically moved closer to form stable intercellular connections, for example, in ventral closure in embryonic development or wound healing in the postnatal animal.
Layered mixed-metal phenylphosphonates, MnxCo1-x(O3PC6H5).H2O : Structure and magnetic properties

Mixed metal phenylphosphonates of composition MnxCo1−x(O3PC6H5)·H2O were prepared with 0≤x≤1. Atomic absorption, X-ray powder diffraction, and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements indicate that the mixed-metal solid solutions are homogeneous and isostructural with the single-metal-parent compounds over the entire concentration range, with a small, systematic evolution of the a and c in-plane unit cell parameters. The temperature dependence of the magnetic data for the pure Mn2+ (x=1) and pure Co2+ (x=0) samples was fitted by standard 2D Heisenberg and 2D Ising models, respectively, yielding nearest-neighbor exchange interaction energies of J=−2.27±0.02 K for Mn(O3PC6H5)·H2O and J=−2.43±0.05 K for Co(O3PC6H5)·H2O. The magnetic phase diagram, down to 2 K, was constructed over the entire composition range. Both dc and ac magnetic susceptibilities were used to identify the transitions to low temperature, long-range-ordered antiferromagnetic states. In the Mn2+- and Co2+-rich regions, the ordering temperature, TN, decreases relative to the pure materials, as expected for magnetic ion impurity doping. For intermediate values of x, Mn2+–Mn2+ interactions dominate, resulting in a minimum in TN near x=0.25. A weak negative magnetization was observed for x<0.25. No evidence of spin glass behavior was observed for any concentration at any temperature.
Regulation of opioid receptor expression.

Abstract The cloning of the μ, δ and κ opioid receptor genes in the early 1990s has allowed the genetic determinants that control the expression of each opioid receptor to be dissected. Regulation of these genes involves transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. At the transcriptional level, most recent studies have revealed both positive and negative roles for various transcription factors, vitamin A hormones and cytokines in opioid receptor gene regulation. Post-transcriptional events involve alternative splicing and variation in mRNA stability and translation efficiency of these gene transcripts. Reports have also shown polymorphisms of the μ opioid receptor gene, primarily in the regulatory region, suggesting a potential connection between this gene and the likelihood of opioid abuse in humans.
Development of minimally invasive techniques for management of medically-complicated obesity

The field of bariatric surgery has been rapidly growing and evolving over the past several decades. During the period that obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, new interventions have been developed to combat this complex disorder. The development of new laparoscopic and minimally invasive treatments for medically-complicated obesity has made it essential that gastrointestinal physicians obtain a thorough understanding of past developments and possible future directions in bariatrics. New laparoscopic advancements provide patients and practitioners with a variety of options that have an improved safety profile and better efficacy without open, invasive surgery. The mechanisms of weight loss after bariatric surgery are complex and may in part be related to altered release of regulatory peptide hormones from the gut. Endoscopic techniques designed to mimic the effects of bariatric surgery and endolumenal interventions performed entirely through the gastrointestinal tract offer potential advantages. Several of these new techniques have demonstrated promising, preliminary results. We outline herein historical and current trends in the development of bariatric surgery and its transition to safer and more minimally invasive procedures designed to induce weight loss.
Some thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the primary photochemical reactants in a complex from a green photosynthetic bacterium.

Abstract We have examined the bacteriochlorophyll reaction-center complex of Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum, strain Tassajara. Our results indicate that the midpoint potential of the primary electron donor bacteriochlorophyll of the reaction center is +250 mV at pH 6.8, while that of cytochrome c-553 is +165 mV. There are two cytochrome c-553 hemes per reaction center, and the light-induced oxidation of each is biphasic ( t 1 2 of We have also titrated the primary electron acceptor of the reaction center. Its equilibrium midpoint potential at pH 6.8 is below −450 mV. This is very much lower than the previous estimate for green bacteria, and also substantially lower than values obtained for purple bacteria. Such a low-potential primary acceptor would be thermodynamically capable of direct reduction of NAD+ via ferredoxin in a manner analagous to photosystem I in chloroplasts and blue-green algae.
Problems in detecting leaks with long time constants in long-life vacuum devices with sealed glass envelopes

Abstract This paper discusses the problems associated with the detection of leaks in the order of 10−13cc (STP)/sec. Leaks with intolerably long time constants of days and even weeks have been observed. These leaks are not due to helium diffusion in glass and some of them do not follow the square root of atomic mass relationship. This points out the inadequacy of leak checking with helium alone. Possible mechanisms involving adsorption within leak capillaries are discussed as well as implications thereof. A calculation is presentes of the allowable bagging time which, if exceeded, would allow enough helium to diffuse into the glass and raise the envelope pressure above a tolerable level. Methods of detection and calibration are presented.
Hutlets: a biorthogonal wavelet family and their high-speed implementation with RNS multiplier-free perfect-reconstruction QMF

The relationship between wavelets, Laplace pyramids and QMF are now well established. IN recent years biorthogonal wavelets have become of increased interest because, compared with orthogonal wavelets, they are symmetric and linear phase. In this paper the Hut function is used as a scaling function to construct a biorthogonal wavelet family, we call Hutlets. A realization with perfect reconstruction, multiplier-free quadrature mirror filters using RNS technic is proposed.THe approximation-filter is a CIC lowpass, the detail-filter is a CHPC highpass, and the reconstruction filters are IIRs. Exact pole-zero annihilation is guaranteed by implementing polynomial filters, over an integer ring, in the residue arithmetic system. Since CIC and CHPC designs rely on the exact annihilation of selected poles-zeros, a new facilitating technology is required which is fast, compact, and numerically exact. How this can be achieved is the thrust of this paper. An application of the Hutlets to pulse amplitude modulated signals is explained.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Age-related changes of plasma glutathione and cysteine in broilers: effect of dithiothreitol reduction vitro on free and bound pools

A study was conducted to determine free and protein-bound pools of glutathione and cysteine in the plasma of male broiler chicks. Birds were brooded in battery cages and provided ad libitum access to a starter diet and water. Plasma was treated with a reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT), or left untreated, and analyzed by HPLC to determine free and protein bound pools of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, cysteine (Cys), and cystine (Cyss). With respect to total plasma pools of GSH and Cys, between 0 and 21 d of age; 1) free GSH increased from 30 to 90% with a reciprocal decrease in protein-bound GSH, but GSSG was not detected; and 2) free Cys decreased from 20 to 10%, free Cyss increased from 24 to 45%, and protein-bound Cys decreased from 55 to 44%. The majority of the GSH plasma pool in this study was present in a free, acid-soluble form, whereas most of the total Cys pool was present as Cyss or bound to protein.