cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous wavelet transform application in electromagnetic compatibility - algorithms and software realization

In this paper, a novel approach to detect electromagnetic interference from electronic equipment by means of continuous wavelet transform is presented. The algorithms of the proposed approach are given together with the software solutions. A case study is made to verify the effectiveness and correctness of this proposed approach and a "Workspace" concept is presented to interface analyzed data with the equipment under test, making the proposed solutions more feasible.
Male bonding: Sympathy and Shelley's Frankenstein

(1999). Male bonding: Sympathy and Shelley's Frankenstein. Nineteenth-Century Contexts: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 415-435.
Increasing incidence of cataract surgery: population-based study.

Purpose To estimate the incidence of cataract surgery in a defined population and to determine longitudinal cataract surgery patterns. Setting Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Design Cohort study. Methods Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) databases were used to identify all incident cataract surgeries in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011. Age-specific and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the 2010 United States white population. Data were merged with previous REP data (1980 to 2004) to assess temporal trends in cataract surgery. Change in the incidence over time was assessed by fitting generalized linear models assuming a Poisson error structure. The probability of second-eye cataract surgery was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Included were 8012 cataract surgeries from 2005 through 2011. During this time, incident cataract surgery significantly increased ( P P P Conclusion Incident cataract surgery steadily increased over the past 32 years and has not leveled off, as reported in Swedish population-based series. Second-eye surgery was performed sooner and more frequently, with 60% of residents having second-eye surgery within 3 months of first-eye surgery. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Gamma Radiation from Magnesium-26 under Proton Bombardment

Thin targets of ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{26}$ were bombarded with protons from a Van de Graaff generator. Fifteen well-defined resonance peaks were found in the proton energy region between 300 and 1500 kev. These resonances were attributed to the reaction ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{26}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$. The maxima of the resonances occur at proton energies of 343, 450, 662, 720, 813, 840, 954, 992, 1015, 1056, 1172, 1255, 1295, 1425, and 1464 kev. Measurement of the gamma-ray energies from some of the stronger resonances indicate that the compound nuclei do not in most cases decay to the ground state by a single transition.
Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic fibrosis: emerging clinical applications

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. While the majority of complications from chronic liver disease result from progressive hepatic fibrosis, the available diagnostic tests used in clinical practice are not sensitive or specific enough to detect occult liver injury at early or intermediate stages. While liver biopsy can stage the extent of fibrosis at diagnosis, its utility as a tool for longitudinal monitoring will be limited at the population level. To date, a number of methods including serum marker panels and ultrasound-based transient elastrography have been proposed for the non-invasive identification of hepatic fibrosis. Novel techniques including magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, diffusion weighted MR, and MR elastography have also emerged for detecting fibrosis. In contrast to other non-invasive methods, MR imaging holds the promise of providing functional and biological information about hepatic pathophysiology as it relates to the natural history and future treatment of hepatic fibrosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.).
Comparative analysis of non-market valuation techniques for the Eduardo Avaroa Reserve, Bolivia

Abstract Ecological tourism has held up as a potentially important development alternative in relatively undeveloped regions and countries. However, tourism is a highly vulnerable activity where tourists display voluntary and discretionary behavior. While tourism can serve as an income-generating activity for the region, uncontrolled tourism that is developed without consideration of the environmental impact can adversely affect the natural areas. Determining what to charge tourists to view a natural area is difficult since demand elasticities are not readily available from observable transactions. In order to better gauge the value tourists place on the reserve and their sensitivity to changes in the costs of visiting Eduardo Avaroa, non-market valuation provides several valuable tools. Here, we test the convergent validity between two popular non-market valuation alternatives: the contingent valuation method and the contingent behavior method. Tourists to the Eduardo Avaroa Reserve in Bolivia were asked their willingness to pay (in visitor-days or in dollars) due to an improvement in tourism services at the reserve. Our models show that the traditionally important variables predict willingness to pay for improved services for the contingent behavior, contingent valuation and the pooled model. However, we find statistically and empirically meaningful distinctions in the estimates derived from the two methods. Comparisons of the implications of adopting the entrance fee recommendations from the two non-market valuation techniques are made based on the revenues predicted to accrue to Eduardo Avaroa Reserve if park management techniques were improved. This research highlights the challenges in using non-market valuation techniques for policy formation, particularly in a developing country setting.
Prospectus of radiologic technics for gastroenterology.

1. Recent developments in image intensifies and television fluoroscopes have far outstripped the development of technics to employ such devices on a clinical basis.
Characteristics of single isovolumic left-ventricular pressure waves of dog hearts in situ.

By fitting isovolumic phases of an ejecting beat with a model-wave function, one can predict source pressure of the ejecting beat (Sunagawa et al.Trans Biomed Eng 1980; 27:299–305), this being a major determinant of systolic performance. Prior applications of this principle have involved two assumptions: (1) that the isovolumic pressure wave is shaped like an inverted cosine wave, and (2) that duration of an isovolumic beat is the same as that of an ejecting beat. The first assumption might cause overestimation of source pressure, since an isovolumic pressure wave begins declining before the midpoint of the wave. The second assumption might cause underestimation of source pressure, since an ejecting beat is always shorter than an adjacent isovolumic beat at the ejecting beat's enddiastolic volume. Although the two errors tend to cancel, it would be more rational and accurate to use a realistic model wave shape and a realistic isovolumic beat duration. To acquire the information necessary for this, pressure and volume time courses were measured during ejecting beats and adjacent isovolumic beats in dogs under the following steady-state conditions: basal, atrial pacing at various rates, infusion of dobutamine, infusion of verapamil, coronary ligation(s), and ventricular pacing at various sites. These conditions affected the amplitude and duration of isovolumic pressure waves substantially but did not affect the shape of the waves significantly. The duration of each isovolumic beat exceeded that of the previous ejecting beat to a degree which corresponded approximately to the ejecting beat's normalized pressure reserve (source pressure minus peak ejection pressure)/(source pressure). A more accurate source-pressure prediction should be possible by use of a realistic isovolumic pressure-wave shape and by taking account of the effect of pressure reserve on contraction duration.
Comparative Genetics of Resistance to Viruses

Human beings differ widely in their responses to virus infections. Viruses may induce barely discernible symptoms in some patients and severe, life-threatening illness in others. These differences reflect both the complex, intimate, and multifaceted nature of virus-host interactions and the variables that can influence these interactions. Viruses elicit a complex temporal sequence of stringently regulated innate and adaptive immune responses. These responses are essential for recovery, but they also contribute to disease symptoms.
HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION FROM A BUNDLE OF HEATED CYLINDERS SITUATED IN TWO OPPOSITE RIBBED PLATES OF A DUCT

Convective/radiative heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics from a bundle of five heated cylinders situated in a streamwise center portion of a duct were investigated experimentally. The system considered in the present study was an array of rectangular ribs welded on both plates of a duct at regular intervals. The rib was made up of stainless steel block and its height was chosen to be 1 or 2 mm. In each cases, the rib pitch was decided so as to set the ratio of the pitch to height 5 or 10. Both the heated cylinders and ribbed plates were painted with heat resisting black paint having an emissivity of 0.94. Experiments were performed using air ranging in Reynolds number from 1000 to 10000. The present results indicated that the installation of the ribbed plates into a duct brought about an increase in overall heat transfer in the cylinder bank.
A theory on the ancestry of angiosperms

By inferences from fossil records and circumstantial evidences, it is now generally postulated that angiosperms have a much longer history than hitherto believed and that they have already existed probably in Jurassic time. Studies in vascular tissues and reproductive, structures have negated the possibility of originating angiosperms from various gymnosperm groups. Chronologically, this derivation will be also an impossibility.
High school females and those with other vaccinations most likely to complete the Human Papillomavirus vaccine.

Objective Adolescent females' HPV vaccine completion in the U.S. is low. More recent research is needed to investigate factors that relate to HPV vaccine completion among female adolescents in the United States.
Zone broadening due to sample injection in capillary zone electrophoresis

Abstract A new source of zone broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) associated with electrokinetic and hydrostatic injection techniques has been identified. The actual insertion of the capillary into or withdrawal of the capillary from the sample solution results in the extraneous injection of sample into the capillary. Examination of the sample plug resulting from this extraneous injection indicates that its length can exceed the maximum value permitted to realize the high separation efficiency of CZE. Experiments show that this mode of injection is present even under conditions where hydrostatic flow should occur from the capillary back into the sample vial.
Influence of Stage of Cycle, Corpus Luteum Location, Follicle Size, and Number of Large Follicles on Estradiol-17β Concentrations in Bovine Follicles

Abstract Concentrations of estradiol-17β in follicular fluid were correlated to follicular size, stage of estrous cycle, location of corpus luteum, and presence of large follicles. Paired ovaries were obtained from 481 nonpregnant cows at slaughter and follicles were classified as ipsilateral or contralateral to the corpus luteum. Follicular fluid estradiol-17β concentrations from 2494 small, 1485 medium, and 396 large follicles were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Stage of estrous cycle was estimated by visual examination of the corpus luteum. Follicles in stage 1 of the estrous cycle (d 1 to 4) had the highest estradiol-17β concentration and the smallest mean follicular diameter. Location of follicles relative to the corpus luteum had no influence on estradiol-17β concentrations. As follicular size increased, concentration of estradiol-17β also increased. The presence of a single large follicle did not affect the concentration of estradiol-17β in medium or small follicles. In contrast, if multiple large follicles occurred in the same cow, concentrations of estradiol-17β were significantly lower in medium but not small follicles.
Group Decision Making: The Effects of Initial Preferences and Time Pressure

Triads, working under time pressure or not, participated in a management simulation that asked groups to decide which of two cholesterol-reducing drugs to market. The total distribution of information available to the group always favored the same drug. However, members’ initial preferences were manipulated by varying the distribution of shared information (provided to all members) and unshared information (provided to only a single member) supporting each alternative. Thus, each member’s fact sheet either (a) favored the correct decision (correct preference condition), (b) mildly favored the incorrect decision (weak incorrect preference condition), or (c) strongly favored the incorrect decision (strong incorrect preference condition). Initial preferences were major determinants of group decisions. Time pressure either enhanced or reduced decision quality depending on the strength of initial preferences and the content of the group interactions. These findings are discussed in light of Karau and Kelly’s A...
Hormone-treated CHO cells exit the cell cycle in the G2 phase.

Abstract Determinations of the rate of DNA synthesis, quantity of DNA and mitotic index in synchronized and unsynchronized Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) indicate that these cells can exit the cell cycle at several points. CHO cells in stationary phase are arrested in G1 whereas CHO cells at confluency in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and testosterone are arrested in the G2 phase. The hormone-treated cells can also be arrested, or delayed, at two points in the S phase, and in the G1 phase. The periodicity of DNA synthesis and the length of the components of the cell cycle do not change in CHO cells in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and testosterone. The findings are discussed in relation to the change in the differentiation state of CHO cells induced by these hormones.
Coping with the Stresses of Travel as an Opportunity for Improving the Quality of Work and Family Life

The relationship between the working lives and family lives of people in our society is little explored. This article describes a case in which heavy business travel created problems both for the industrial organization and the families of the employees involved. To cope with the problem, the family perspective was brought into the organization by means of a husband-wife workshop. The workshop used structure to fit privacy norms of industry, to help couples explore aspects of their relationships that determined their individual and joint response to organizational and family stress, and to develop collaborative resources for coping with those stresses. The benefits to the families and the organization went beyond coping with the stresses of business travel and extended to other important aspects of both business and family life.
UCSD’s Institute of Engineering in Medicine: Fostering Collaboration Through Research and Education

The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) was established in 1961 as a new research university that emphasizes innovation, excellence, and interdisciplinary research and education. It has a School of Medicine (SOM) and the Jacobs School of Engineering (JSOE) in close proximity, and both schools have national rankings among the top 15. In 1991, with the support of the Whitaker Foundation, the Whitaker Institute of Biomedical Engineering was formed to foster collaborations in research and education. In 2008, the university extended the collaboration further by establishing the Institute of Engineering in Medicine (IEM), with the mission of accelerating the discoveries of novel science and technology to enhance health care through teamwork between engineering and medicine, and facilitating the translation of innovative technologies for delivery to the public through clinical application and commercialization.
Molecular Basis for G Protein Control of the Prokaryotic ATP Sulfurylase

Summary Sulfate assimilation is a critical component of both primary and secondary metabolism. An essential step in this pathway is the activation of sulfate through adenylation by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase (ATPS), forming adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS). Proteobacterial ATPS overcomes this energetically unfavorable reaction by associating with a regulatory G protein, coupling the energy of GTP hydrolysis to APS formation. To discover the molecular basis of this unusual role for a G protein, we biochemically characterized and solved the X-ray crystal structure of a complex between Pseudomonas syringae ATPS (CysD) and its associated regulatory G protein (CysN). The structure of CysN•D shows the two proteins in tight association; however, the nucleotides bound to each subunit are spatially segregated. We provide evidence that conserved switch motifs in the G domain of CysN allosterically mediate interactions between the nucleotide binding sites. This structure suggests a molecular mechanism by which conserved G domain architecture is used to energetically link GTP turnover to the production of an essential metabolite.
Functional and ecological significance of relative growth in Alligator

Allometric coefficients are calculated for 27 cranial and 39 postcranial measurements of a growth series of Alligator mississipiensis that spans a size range of an order of magnitude. Developmental patterns are quite-well canalized, as expressed in coefficients of variation of 8 to 10 for isometric variables. A multivariate expression of allometry is discovered using principal components analysis. A number of allometric coefficients have expression in known aspects of the life history of Alligator. Negative allometry of limb lengths and limb proportions shows an ontogenetic decrease in importance of the limbs throughout life, and observations show large animals to be more dependent on water than small ones. Isometry of skull length with respect to body length represents an adaptation to ever-increasing size of prey items as body size increases. Positive allometry of snout length and size of the upper temporal fenestrae finds parallel in the structure of the highly aquatic gavial.
Asset pricing under ambiguous information: an empirical game-theoretic analysis

In a representative agent model, the behavior of a social system is described in terms of a single aggregate decision maker. Such models are popular in economic and finance research, largely due to their analytic tractability, but fail to account for real-world agent heterogeneity, and may ignore effects of market microstructure. Agent-based simulation models naturally incorporate agent heterogeneity, and can account for any particular market microstructure; however, such models have gained only limited acceptance by the mainstream economic research community, due to concerns over how much general insight can be gleaned from simulating a particular configuration of agent behaviors. We address such concerns by employing game-theoretic criteria in behavior selection. We present a case study investigating a recent model from the finance literature proposed by Epstein and Schneider (ES), and its ability to explain the classic equity premium puzzle in risky asset pricing. For all market configurations that we examined, ambiguity-averse pricing was played with little or no probability in equilibrium. Moreover, none of the market configurations exhibited significant equity premia. Both our use of strategic equilibrium as a market composition concept, and the actions of our simulated market microstructure contribute to removing any equity premium. These findings underscore the value of checking that results from abstract representative-agent models are supportable in a higher-fidelity model where heterogeneity and strategic interactions are taken into account.
Sedation Management in the Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patient

Sedation management in the mechanically ventilated critically ill patient is a topic of continuing interest in the critical care literature. The wide variety of clinical practices described in the literature with regard to sedation management has limited the implementation of evidence-based practice guidelines. Common themes for a coherent sedation management strategy include articulation of indications for sedation, initial and daily evaluation of sedation goals, sedation-level assessment, appropriate sedative selection, effective sedation management strategy, and efficient sedation weaning strategy. We provide a summary of the literature on key aspects of sedation in clinical practice. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for clinicians involved in the management of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae Sepsis in a Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is an unusual cause of invasive bacterial disease and is particularly uncommon as a reported etiology of neonatal sepsis in current large published series. We describe a seriously ill, very low birth weight (VLBW) infant with documented early onset sepsis caused by H. parainfluenzae. We compare our case with those published previously and contrast the clinical presentation of infection in our patient to that of common bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis. Our review suggests many common factors in the pathogenesis of early onset infection by H. parainfluenzae.
RGS4 Inhibits Gq-mediated Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Phosphoinositide Synthesis

Recombinant regulators of G protein-signaling (RGS) proteins stimulate hydrolysis of GTP by alpha subunits of the Gi family but have not been reported to regulate other G protein alpha subunits. Expression of recombinant RGS proteins in cultured cells inhibits Gi-mediated hormonal signals probably by acting as GTPase-activating proteins for Galphai subunits. To ask whether an RGS protein can also regulate cellular responses mediated by G proteins in the Gq/11 family, we compared activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by a Gq/11-coupled receptor, the bombesin receptor (BR), and a Gi-coupled receptor, the D2 dopamine receptor, transiently co-expressed with or without recombinant RGS4 in COS-7 cells. Pertussis toxin, which uncouples Gi from receptors, blocked MAPK activation by the D2 dopamine receptor but not by the BR. Co-expression of RGS4, however, inhibited activation of MAPK by both receptors causing a rightward shift of the concentration-effect curve for both receptor agonists. RGS4 also inhibited BR-stimulated synthesis of inositol phosphates by an effector target of Gq/11, phospholipase C. Moreover, RGS4 inhibited inositol phosphate synthesis activated by addition of AlF4- to cells overexpressing recombinant alphaq, probably by binding to alphaq.GDP.AlF4-. These results demonstrate that RGS4 can regulate Gq/11-mediated cellular signals by competing for effector binding as well as by acting as a GTPase-activating protein.
Cryostat for investigations to temperatures below 0·02° K

A cryostat was constructed for studies of the properties of He/sup 3/. The cooling stages of the cryostat are a He/sup 3/ refrigerator, a 300-g salt pill of potassium chrome alum, and a 150-g pill of cerium magnesium nitrate. Superconducting heat switches and magnets are used. The temperature is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance. The lowest temperature obtainable was about 0.014 or 0.015 deg K. (D.L.C.)
The myth of the protected worker: Southeast Asian micro-farmers in California agriculture

In this paper we highlight the racialized effects of agricultural labor laws on Southeast Asian family farmers in California’s Central Valley. We show how agricultural labor laws intended to protect farmworkers on industrial farms discriminate against and challenge small Southeast Asian refugee farmers. Hmong, Iu-Mien and Lao family farmers rely on cultural practices of labor reciprocity and unpaid help from extended family and clan networks to sustain the economic viability of their farms. This kind of labor sharing, a central tenet of their customary farming practices, and a cornerstone of the American family farm ideal, is illegal in California agriculture. We examine the historical context that gave rise to agricultural labor regulations in California and the ways in which these regulations are both under-enforced and unevenly enforced, differentially impacting immigrant family farms, while failing to protect those for whom the laws were originally intended. In highlighting how employment and labor laws and their enforcement or lack thereof discriminate against Southeast Asia farms, this study illustrates how other “small family farms” reliant on volunteerism or labor-sharing arrangements, part of the emergent “sharing economy,” may be confronting similar legal conundrums to those faced by Southeast Asian farms.
Inference of high thermal transport in the lower mantle from laser-flash experiments and the damped harmonic oscillator model

Abstract Contact-free, laser-flash analysis (LFA) accurately (±2%) measures lattice thermal diffusivity ( D ) at high temperature ( T ). Conventional measurements of minerals underestimate D by ∼20% near 298 K due to interface resistance, although simultaneously existing direct radiative transfer artificially elevates D as T rises. Pressure ( P ) determinations possess these and other problems; however, reproduced values of ∂ D /∂ P agree the damped harmonic oscillator model. Models combined with new LFA data on perovskite compounds show that lattice thermal conductivity ( k lat ) is high and independent of T , increasing from 7.5 to 30 W/m K (±25%) across the lower mantle (LM) due to compression. Diffusive radiative transfer is estimated from a recent model: For expected fine grain-size, spectral characteristics do not play a strong role, indicating that k rad increases from ∼1 to ∼5 W/m K across the LM, estimated from olivine spectra. Although greater accuracy through improved measurements is needed, our results demonstrate that the LM is an efficient conductor of heat. Even a low, adiabatic temperature gradient can carry the power inferred to run the dynamo. Mantle convection may be limited to above 670 km.
Distributed processors in a signal processing based control system

The large data acquisition and processing loads of the control system describe here call for some sharing among distributed processors of different types. This paper focuses on the networks that will link these processors. Several standard networks are briefly outlined, however, the data flow characteristics of a largely signal processing environment suggest a new network approach which is then described.
“Breaking the Mold” in the Dissertation: Implementing a Problem-Based, Decision-Oriented Thesis Project

Abstract This article offers lessons from an initiative refashioning the doctoral thesis in an education leadership program. The program serves a practitioner clientele; most are teachers and administrators. The new model for the thesis emphasizes leadership, problem solving, decision making, and organizational improvement. The former model was a traditional research-focused thesis. This article describes the rationale for the change and four features of the new problem-based inquiry model contrasted with the traditional research model. A central challenge of this initiative has been fashioning a model that is authentic problem solving and not merely applied research. Both faculty and doctoral advisees have firmly held assumptions and expectations about the thesis-as-research and limited experience with a problem-solving paradigm. Thus, applying an authentic model of problem-based inquiry to the doctoral thesis confronts significant conceptual and practical challenges.
Preparation and EPR Studies of Lithium Phthalocyanine Radical as an Oxymetric Probe

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the paramagnetic center in solid lithium phthalocyanine, LiPc, exhibits a pO2 (partial pressure of oxygen)-dependent line width. The compound is insoluble in water and is not easily biodegradable and, therefore, is a useful spin probe for quantitative in vivo oxymetry. Because EPR spectrometry is potentially a useful technique to quantitatively obtain in vivo tissue pO2, such probes can be used to obtain physiological information. In this paper, a simple experimental procedure for the preparation of LiPc using potentiostatic electrochemical methods is described. The setup was relatively inexpensive and easy to implement. A constant potential ranging from 0.05 to 0.75 V versus Ag+/AgCl(s) was used for obtaining LiPc. The EPR spectral studies were carried out using spectrometers operating at X-band and at radiofrequency (RF) at different pO2 values to characterize the spectral response of these crystals. The results indicate that, depending on the electrolysis conditions, the products contain mixtures of crystals exhibiting pO2-sensitive and pO2-insensitive line widths. Electrolysis conditions are reported whereby the pO2-sensitive LiPc crystals were the predominant product. The influence of the working surface of the electrode and the electrolysis time on the yield were also evaluated. The crystals of LiPc were also studied using a time-domain RF EPR spectrometer. In time-domain EPR, the signals that survive beyond the spectrometer dead time are mainly the narrow lines corresponding to the pO2-sensitive crystals, whereas the signals arising from the pO2-insensitive component of LiPc were found not to survive beyond the spectrometer dead time. This signal survival makes the time-domain EPR method more sensitive for pO2 measurements using LiPc because the line width becomes very narrow at very low pO2 and, concomitantly, the relaxation time T2 longer, with no modulation or power saturation artifacts that are encountered as in the continuous wave (cw) mode. Further, minimal contributions from object motion in the spectral data obtained using time-domain methods make it an advantage for in vivo applications.
Effects of the synergist S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate on indoxacarb toxicity and metabolism in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)

Abstract The toxicity of the oxadiazine insecticide indoxacarb to the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), was evaluated in the presence and absence of S,S,S -tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), an inhibitor of hydrolytic metabolism. Bioassays involving topical application of different concentrations of indoxacarb to third instars of a susceptible O. nubilalis laboratory strain were performed, and in vitro metabolism experiments involving [ 14 C] indoxacarb were examined to determine the role of hydrolytic metabolism in indoxacarb activation. Indoxacarb toxicity decreased in the presence of DEF indicating antagonism of toxicity. Results of in vivo and in vitro inhibition experiments indicated a reduction of indoxacarb activation and formation of the hydrolytic metabolite. These results are consistent with the proposed mechanism of hydrolytic activation for this compound.
Role of aggrecanase 1 in Lyme arthritis.

Objective. Arthritis is one of the hallmarks of late-stage Lyme disease. Previous studies have shown that infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, results in degradation of proteoglycans and collagen in cartilage. B burgdorferi do not appear to produce any exported proteases capable of digesting proteoglycans and collagen, but instead, induce and activate host proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which results in cartilage degradation. The role of aggrecanases in Lyme arthritis has not yet been determined. We therefore sought to delineate the contribution of aggrecanases to joint destruction in Lyme arthritis. Methods. We examined the expression patterns of aggrecanases 1 and 2 (ADAMTS 4 and 5, respectively) in B burgdorferi–infected primary human chondrocyte cell cultures, in synovial fluid samples from patients with active Lyme arthritis, and in the joints of mice by real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting techniques. Bovine cartilage explants were used to determine the role of aggrecanases in B burgdorferi–induced cartilage degradation. Results. ADAMTS-4, but not ADAMTS-5, was induced in human chondrocytes infected with B burgdorferi. The active forms of ADAMTS-4 were increased in synovial fluid samples from patients with active Lyme arthritis and were elevated in the joints of mice infected with B burgdorferi. Using cartilage explant models of Lyme arthritis, it appeared that the cleavage of aggrecan was predominantly mediated by “aggrecanases” rather than MMPs. Conclusion. The induction of ADAMTS-4 by B burgdorferi results in the cleavage of aggrecan, which may be an important first step that leads to permanent degradation of cartilage.
The Thermal Death-Point of Tubercle Bacilli in Milk and Some Other Fluids

1. Tubercle bacilli when suspended in. distilled water, normal salt solution, bouillon and milk, are destroyed at 60 degrees C. in 15 to 20 minutes. The larger number are destroyed in 5 to 10 minutes. 2. When tubercle bacilli are suspended in milk, the pellicle which forms during the exposure at 60 degrees C. may contain living bacilli after 60 minutes.
The simultaneous coding of heading and path in primate MSTd

The spatio-temporal displacement of luminance patterns in a 2D image is called optic flow. Present biologically-inspired approaches to navigation that use optic flow largely focus on the problem of extracting the instantaneous direction of travel (heading) of a mobile agent. Computational models have demonstrated success in estimating heading in highly constrained environments whereby the agent is largely assumed to travel along straight paths. However, drivers competently steer around curved road bends and humans have been shown capable of judging their future, possibly curved, path of travel in addition to instantaneous heading. The computation of the general future path of travel, which need not be straight, is of interest to mobile robotic, autonomous vehicle driving, and path planning applications, yet no biologically-inspired neural network model exists that provides mechanisms through which the future path may be estimated. We present a biologically inspired recurrent neural network, based on brain area MSTd, that can dynamically code both instantaneous heading and path simultaneously. We show that the model performs similarly to humans in judging heading and the curvature of the future path.
Serum protein-bound galactose and mannose as studied with C14-labeled glucose and fructose.

Abstract 1. 1. The incorporation of the C 14 of glucose-C 14 and fructose-C 14 into serum protein-bound sugars in the dog, rabbit, and rat is demonstrated. 2. 2. The galactose and mannose moieties of the labeled serum proteinbound sugars were isolated chromatographically, and their characteristic derivatives, namely, mucic acid and phenylhydrazone, were prepared. These derivatives were used for determination of the specific activities of these two protein-bound hexoses. The specific activities of galactose and mannose in the dog, the rabbit, and the rats, at all intervals studied, were of the same magnitude. In the dog, C 14 was detected in protein-bound hexoses as early as 1 hr. after the injection of glucose-C 14 , and maximum C 14 recoveries were observed at 5 hr.
Epigenetic Silencing of Somatostatin in Gastric Cancer

Background Somatostatin (SST), a primary inhibitor of gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, has potent antitumor and anti-secretory activity in several human cancers.
Current factors contributing to professionalism in nursing

Abstract A serious nursing shortage is creating a crisis in the nation's health care system. Many experienced nurses are leaving the field and young people are not selecting nursing as a potential career. Reassessment of professionalism in nursing therefore is indicated. A descriptive comparative/correlational design examined differences and relationships among levels of nursing professionalism, experience, educational degrees, organizational membership, and specialty certification in a random sample of registered nurses (RNs) (N = 774). The Professionalism Inventory Scale was used to measure attitudinal attributes of professionalism and its five dimensions (use of professional organizations as major referent groups, belief in public service, autonomy, self-regulation, and a sense of calling). A series of statistical analyses revealed that professionalism was related significantly to years of experience as an RN, higher educational degrees in nursing, membership in organizations, service as an officer in the organization, and specialty certification. Today's profession of nursing is evolving as a valuable public service. Positive aspects of nursing professionalism must be recognized and implemented to retain experienced nurses in the profession and attract young people to nursing as a viable career choice.
Brightness discrimination and reversal in hippocampally-lesioned rats

Abstract Eleven albino rats with large bilateral hippocampal lesions, nine rats with bilateral lesions of the cortex overlying the hippocampus and 10 unoperated controls were trained on a brightness discrimination and tested on the reversal of the discrimination. The three groups did not differ in learning the discrimination, but the hippocampectomized rats were severely impaired in the reversal of the discrimination. Persistent positional responding during reversal characterized the behavior of the hippocampectomized rats. It is proposed that these results are best understood by postulating that hippocampal lesions produce a deficit in attentional processes.
Does the Maryland graduated driver licensing law affect both 16-year-old drivers and those who share the road with them?

Abstract Problem To assess effects of the 1999 Maryland graduated driver licensing (GDL) law on both 16-year-old drivers and other road users. Method: Calculation and comparison of crash involvement rates and non-fatal injury rates pre-GDL (1996–1998) and post-GDL (2001–2003) by type of road user, per population, and per licensed driver, with adjustment for trends among 30–59-year-old drivers. Results: Post-GDL, prevalence of licensure decreased 24% among 16-year-olds, and rates of 16-year-old drivers involved in crashes significantly decreased per 16-year-old population (corrected rate ratio (RRc) 0.82; 95% CI (0.71, 0.96)). A significant decrease also was observed for non-fatal injuries per 16-year-old population among 16-year-old drivers involved in crashes (RRc 0.63; 95% CI (0.41, 0.98)). Similarly, decreases, albeit not statistically significant, were observed among their passengers and other vehicle occupants. Per 16-year-old licensed driver, a slight non-significant increase was observed in crash involvement rates; non-fatal injury rates per 16-year-old licensed driver suggest decreased risk (non-significant) among 16-year-old drivers, their passengers, and other vehicle occupants. Summary: Maryland's GDL delayed licensure and reduced crashes and non-fatal injuries among 16-year-old drivers per population. Trends in injuries among other road users involved in crashes with 16-year-old drivers were suggestive of a benefit from GDL, although observed decreases were not significant. Per licensed driver, findings were not significant, but suggested little change in crash involvement and decreased non-fatal injuries. Because one-third fewer 16-year-olds were licensed post-GDL, these results may suggest a selection effect in licensure. Impact on Industry: Because Maryland had nighttime restrictions for new drivers before 1999, this study suggests other components of GDL are beneficial for drivers and possibly for other road users. States with weak GDL laws should strongly consider revising them.
A hybrid vortex method for two-dimensional flow over tube bundles

A hybrid vortex method is presented for computing flows about objects that accurately resolves the boundary layer details while keeping the number of free vortices at a reasonable level. The method uses a wall layer model close to the body surface and discrete vortex blobs in the free wake. Details of the wall layer implementation are presented, and results of sample calculations are compared with known analytical solutions and with calculations from other vortex codes. These results show that the computed boundary layer details are accurate to approximately 0.3 percent of analytical solutions while using three orders of magnitude fewer vortices than other vortex simulations.
Clinical Utility of Folic Acid Testing for Patients with Anemia or Dementia

Background Serum folic acid tests are routinely ordered by physicians for evaluating anemia and sometimes ordered for evaluating dementia and altered mental status.
Substance abuse and the duty to protect

The Tarasoff case provided some legal guidance for handling the situation where a patient threatens deliberate violence against an identifiable individual. But what about the situation where a patient's substance abuse impairs safe driving of a large commercial vehicle such as an airplane, clearly endangering a class of individuals (passengers)? Some legal restrictions on confidentiality, if followed literally, would not even permit the therapist to take preventive measures advocated by the Tarasoff court when deliberate violence is threatened, let alone more specific measures to prevent a tragic accident with loss of many lives. Review of literature on the relationship between alcohol and operator safety leads to the conclusion that therapists must have some latitude in which to exercise judgment free of professional liability. The dilemma posed by contrasting duties to maintain confidentiality and to make preventive disclosures is too rigid to govern all situations, especially a worsening risk of substance-induced accidents by drivers of public carriers.
CORPORATE IDEOLOGY AND THE POLITICS OF ENTREPRENEURISM IN NEW ORLEANS

In this article, Louis F. Miron presents a case study of the effects of local ideology and culture on corporate-lead progrowth movements in New Orleans. Miron borrows from critical theory to illustrate how “hegemonic” ideologies such as economic growth may be resisted in local settings. The findings suggest that economic structural relations do not predetermine the course of human agency, and that the success of progrowth movements is contingent upon local cultural conditions and ethos. Through a document analysis of “fiscal reform,” a pro-growth ideology advanced by corporate and political elites in New Orleans and throughout Louisiana, the author probes the connections among material conditions, ideology, and the politics of entrepreneurism.
Testing Critical Properties of Decision Making on the Internet

This article reviews recent findings that violate a broad class of descriptive theories of decision making. A new study compared 1,224 participants tested via the Internet and 124 undergraduates tested in the laboratory. Both samples confirmed systematic violations of stochastic dominance and cumulative independence; new tests also found violations of coalescing. The Internet sample was older, more highly educated, more likely male, and also more demographically diverse than the lab sample. Internet participants were more likely than undergraduates to choose the gamble with higher expected value, but no one conformed exactly to expected value. Violations of stochastic dominance decreased as education increased, but violations of stochastic dominance and coalescing were still substantial in persons with doctoral degrees who had read a scientific work on decision making. In their implications, Internet research and lab findings agree: Descriptive decision theories cannot assume that identical consequences c...
Parathyroid hormone stimulates juxtaglomerular cell cAMP accumulation without stimulating renin release

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is positively coupled to the generation of cAMP via its actions on the PTH1R and PTH2R receptors. Renin secretion from juxtaglomerular (JG) cells is stimulated by elevated...
Polymerizing Microtubules Activate Site-directed F-Actin Assembly in Nerve Growth Cones

We identify an actin-based protrusive structure in growth cones termed “intrapodium.” Unlike filopodia, intrapodia are initiated exclusively within lamellipodia and elongate in a continuous (nonsaltatory) manner parallel to the plane of the dorsal plasma membrane causing a ridge-like protrusion. Intrapodia resemble the actin-rich structures induced by intracellular pathogens (e.g., Listeria) or by extracellular beads. Cytochalasin B inhibits intrapodial elongation and removal of cytochalasin B produced a burst of intrapodial activity. Electron microscopic studies revealed that lamellipodial intrapodia contain both short and long actin filaments oriented with their barbed ends toward the membrane surface or advancing end. Our data suggest an interaction between microtubule endings and intrapodia formation. Disruption of microtubules by acute nocodazole treatment decreased intrapodia frequency, and washout of nocodazole or addition of the microtubule-stabilizing drug Taxol caused a burst of intrapodia formation. Furthermore, individual microtubule ends were found near intrapodia initiation sites. Thus, microtubule ends or associated structures may regulate these actin-dependent structures. We propose that intrapodia are the consequence of an early step in a cascade of events that leads to the development of F-actin-associated plasma membrane specializations.
The design and pre-clinical evaluation of knee replacements for osteoarthritis

Abstract One of the concepts that Rik Huiskes promoted was that implants such as knee and hip replacements could be analyzed and optimized using numerical models such as finite element analysis, or by experimental testing, an area he called pre-clinical testing. The design itself could be formulated or improved by defining a specific goal or asking a key question. These propositions are examined in the light of almost five decades of experience with knee implants. Achieving the required laxity and stability, was achieved by attempting to reproduce anatomical values by suitable radii of curvature and selective ligament retention. Obtaining durable fixation was based on testing many configurations to obtain the most uniform stress distribution at the implant–bone interface. Achieving the best overall kinematics has yet to be fully solved due to the variations in activities and patients. These and many other factors have usually been addressed individually rather than as a composite, although as time has gone on, successful features have gradually been assimilated into most designs. But even a systematic approach has been flawed because some unrecognized response was not accounted for in the pre-clinical model, a limitation of models in general. In terms of the design process, so far no method has emerged for systematically reaching an optimal solution from all aspects, although this is possible in principle. Overall however, predictive numerical or physical models should be an essential element in the design of new or improved knee replacements, a part of the design process itself.
Ingredients of an old and healthy life. A centenarian perspective

This phenomenological study elicited centenarians' meanings of longevity and their perceptions of any common biological or psychosocial factors that they attributed to health and functioning. Twelve centenarians, ages 100 to 109, were interviewed. Common themes in their lived experiences included the meaning of long life, views of health, relationships with others, affirmation of worth, reasons for longevity, and God. Centenarians are long-term "survivors" with important lessons to share about high functioning, productive lives.