cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Free Circulating CD3 and CD5 in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Abstract CD5, a transmembrane protein expressed in T-cells, few B-cells, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cells, is the ligand for CD72 and may play a role in B-cell-T-cell communication. CD5 is part of the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex in T-cells as well as the B-cell receptor (BCR) complex and serves as substrate for induction of tyrosine kinase activity. Since leukemic cells have high turnover and pour their protein, RNA, and DNA into the circulation, we speculated that free circulating CD3 (cCD3) and CD5 (cCD5) could be detected in the plasma of patients with CLL. We have developed a bead-based sandwich immunoassay to measure cCD3 and cCD5 in the plasma. Using this assay, we assessed the value of cCD5 measurement, alone and after normalization to cCD3 levels, as a tumor marker in CLL. Plasma levels of cCD3 and cCD5 were measured in 85 patients with CLL and 51 normal control subjects. cCD3 and cCD5 levels were significantly higher in patients with CLL (median, 7,465 and 55,806 U/μl, respectively) than in normal control subjects (median, 830 and 1,671 U/μl, respectively). Patients with CLL had significantly higher cCD5:cCD3 ratios (median, 5.28; range, 0–161) than did normal controls (median, 1.70; range, 0–8.06) (P
Counseling Parents and Teens About Marijuana Use in the Era of Legalization of Marijuana

Many states have recently made significant changes to their legislation making recreational and/or medical marijuana use by adults legal. Although these laws, for the most part, have not targeted the adolescent population, they have created an environment in which marijuana increasingly is seen as acceptable, safe, and therapeutic. This clinical report offers guidance to the practicing pediatrician based on existing evidence and expert opinion/consensus of the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding anticipatory guidance and counseling to teenagers and their parents about marijuana and its use. The recently published technical report provides the detailed evidence and references regarding the research on which the information in this clinical report is based.
Passive flux recovery in protein-fouled liquid-gated membranes

Abstract Removing biofouling is a significant challenge in membrane filtration. Here, the presence of a surface-immobilized layer of lubricant is shown to result in flux recovery in protein-fouled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes. Recovery of these liquid-gated membranes (LGMs) occurs during a 15- or 30-min cessation of flow, or rest, and results in up to 60% recovery of clean-membrane flux compared to 10% in membranes with no lubricant layer. Repeated filtration of a 2.5 g L −1 solution of whey protein and subsequent resting continues to result in recovery of flow over 12 cycles. Resting does not result in flux recovery in LGMs fouled with bacterial biofilms. Nevertheless, it is found that flow can be recovered in biofilm-fouled membranes through exposure to an air-water interface. This work demonstrates the potential for liquid gating to facilitate passive flux recovery in biofouled membranes, with promising applications in industry processes.
Tolerance for Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Study of Chinese and American College Students:

Tolerance for intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important correlate of interpersonal violent behavior. Although a large amount of research on IPV has been conducted in the West and a growing amount of studies on IPV in Chinese societies has been observed in recent years, only a small number of studies have analyzed IPV-related attitudes from an international and comparative perspective. Drawing on survey data collected from 1,178 college students from two Chinese and two U.S. universities, this study empirically compared and contrasted factors influencing students' levels of tolerance for IPV. The results showed that Chinese college students had a higher level of tolerance for IPV than their U.S. counterparts. Regional variation was only detected in China with students in Beijing having a greater tolerance for IPV than students in Hong Kong. Both Chinese and U.S. students' tolerance for IPV was affected primarily by their attitudes toward gender roles and gender-based violence and perceptions of IPV causes.
Assessing Student Performance Outcomes in Teacher Education Programs

The performance of graduates is the single most important thing one can assess in a teacher education program. It is good to have well-qualified faculty. It is good to have a low student-to-faculty ratio. It is good to have well-equipped facilities, a well-stocked library, and access to good student-teaching situations. It is good to have well-qualified incoming students and a well-designed, carefully-articulated instructional program. But none of that matters if the graduates produced do not have the skills and abilities to become good teachers.
A re-assessment of reporting bias in event-based violence data with respect to cell phone coverage:

This paper discusses the issue of possible reporting bias in media-based violent-event data and its relation to the role of communication technology in fostering collective action. We expand the work of Weidmann (2016), presenting several sensitivity analyses to determine the degree to which reporting bias may confound the relationship between communication technology and violence in a recent study that relies on event data for Africa. We find no strong evidence that suggests results on the positive relationship between communication technology and collective action in the study by Pierskalla and Hollenbach (2013) are wholly an artifact of reporting bias.
Buckyball maracas: exploring the inside and outside properties of endohedral fullerenes

Since the experimental observation of the encapsulation of different species inside fullerene (endohedral fullerenes) cages, several research groups have focused their research in the elaboration of new and novel compounds. Exohedral functionalization of the carbon cages has helped in the discovery of new species and has expanded their potential applications in material science and medicine. Our research group has contributed to the discovery, functionalization, and characterization of new and interesting compounds that have been explored in different applications, but mainly in the field of organic photovoltaics. Here, we report the contribution and progress of our research group in the field of buckyball “maracas.” Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Founders’ Credentials on Cooperative Agreements of Startups

We unpack founders’ attributes and show their contingent effects in the context of the market for ideas and technologies. Specifically, we extend ideas clarified in the economics of information abo...
Symptom control in chronic rhinosinusitis is an independent predictor of productivity loss.

AIMS Sinonasal symptoms cause significant productivity losses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Patient-perceived CRS symptom control is a longitudinal measure of CRS symptomatology and is directly associated with general health-related quality of life (QOL) in patients with CRS. The aim of this study was to better understand the relationship between symptom control and productivity loss in CRS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective cross-sectional cohort study of 200 patients with CRS. Patients categorized their CRS symptom control as "Not at all", "A little", "Somewhat", "Very", and "Completely". Lost productivity was assessed by determining the number of work and/or school days missed in the last 3 months due to CRS symptoms. Sinonasal symptom severity was measured using the 22-item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22). Associations were sought between lost productivity and patient-perceived CRS symptom control. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between patient-perceived longitudinal symptom control and productivity in patients with CRS. RESULTS A total of 200 participants (48% male, 52% female), with a mean age of 52 years (Standard Deviation [SD]: 16) were enrolled. The mean SNOT-22 score of participants was 33.5 (SD: 22.4). Participants missed a mean of 3 days (SD: 10) of work or school due to CRS. CRS symptom control classified as "not at all" was associated with 11 days of lost productivity due to CRS on univariate analysis (β=11.16, 95% CI: 5.39-16.94, P<0.001) and 8 days of lost productivity on multivariate analysis (β=8.02, 95% CI: 1.92-14.13, P=0.011). None of the other categories of patient-reported CRS symptom control were associated with lost productivity due to CRS. CONCLUSIONS Patient-perceived control of CRS symptoms, an important metric previously shown to be significantly associated with QOL in CRS patients, is independently associated with lost productivity. These results motivate longitudinal studies to determine if improvement of CRS symptom control may reduce losses in productivity.
Bernstein and markov inequalities for constrained polynomials

Pointwise and uniform bounds are determined for the derivatives of real algebraic polynomials p(x) which on the interval [−1,1] satisfy (1−x2)λ/2|p(x)| ≤ 1, λ a fixed positive integer. The pointwise bounds are investigated with regard to their sharpness while the uniform bounds are shown to be best possible in an asymptotic sense.
Reward Training: Latent Learning

Reward training has provided a forum for many developments in associative learning theory. The present chapter is the first of three which summarize the major empirical phenomena and theoretical advances derived from the study of latent learning, contrast effects and extinction. These developments have helped our thinking evolve to its current status about the functions of the reward event (Sv) and about the nature of associative processes in reward training.
Advances in Oncology Clinical Research: Statistical and Study Design Methodologies

In recent years, investigators have increasingly recognized the inadequacy of the current phase I, II, and III clinical trial framework. As a response, new designs using innovative statistical techniques have been developed to add increased flexibility to the drug development process. The primary focus of this chapter is to provide an overview of increasingly popular adaptive clinical trial designs and outline the advantages and limitations of such methods. In this chapter, we review advantages of adaptive designs over more traditional group sequential designs. Major topics to be covered include adaptive methods for dose finding in oncology, outcome adaptive clinical trial designs, randomized discontinuation designs, advances in the statistics of personalized medicine, the role of Bayesian methods within the adaptive design arena, and sample size re-estimation methods.
A 24-28GHz Reconfigurable CMOS Power Amplifier in 22nm FD-SOI for Intelligent SoC Applications

A 2-stage 24 to 28 GHz reconfigurable CMOS power amplifier (PA) is designed in a 22nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) technology. The differential PA uses stacked FETs and digitally-controlled neutralization capacitors and output matching capacitors with adjustable body-bias and on-chip baluns to increase output power P OUT , reconfigurability, and wideband performance. Post-layout SPICE simulations show S 21 of 27 dB, peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 29.1% at P OUT =17.5 dBm and P 1dB =13 dBm can be achieved at 28 GHz. The digitally-controlled neutralization caps can tune S 21 by 6 dB at 28 GHz, while varying body bias of the FD SOI NMOS can enable ~2 dB fine gain tuning, and the output matching caps can further optimize PA’s performance for intelligent SoC applications.
Historicizing the Knowledge Commons: Open Access, Technical Knowledge, and the Industrial Application of Science

How does open access relate to scholarly communication? Though there are many modern definitions stressing the accessibility of knowledge to everyone, sharing scientific knowledge has a much longer history. What might the concept of ‘open access’ have meant to scientists and knowledge practitioners over the past several hundred years? This paper poses some relevant questions and calls for better historicization of the idea of the knowledge commons at different periods of time, particularly the era of the ‘Republic of Letters’ and the ‘Modern System of Science.’ The concept of open access as it relates to academic publishing has been very nuanced, and hopefully, understanding the history of ‘open access’ in relation to scholarly communication can help us to have more informed debates about where open access needs to go in the future.
Drained rock volume around hydraulic fractures in porous media: planar fractures versus fractal networks

This study applies the Lindenmayer system based on fractal theory to generate synthetic fracture networks in hydraulically fractured wells. The applied flow model is based on complex analysis methods, which can quantify the flow near the fractures, and being gridless, is computationally faster than traditional discrete volume simulations. The representation of hydraulic fractures as fractals is a more realistic representation than planar bi-wing fractures used in most reservoir models. Fluid withdrawal from the reservoir with evenly spaced hydraulic fractures may leave dead zones between planar fractures. Complex fractal networks will drain the reservoir matrix more effectively, due to the mitigation of stagnation flow zones. The flow velocities, pressure response, and drained rock volume (DRV) are visualized for a variety of fractal fracture networks in a single-fracture treatment stage. The major advancement of this study is the improved representation of hydraulic fractures as complex fractals rather than restricting to planar fracture geometries. Our models indicate that when the complexity of hydraulic fracture networks increases, this will suppress the occurrence of dead flow zones. In order to increase the DRV and improve ultimate recovery, our flow models suggest that fracture treatment programs must find ways to create more complex fracture networks.
Effects of Forward-Facing Step Shape on Stationary Crossflow Instability Growth and Breakdown

The effect of forward-facing step shape on stationary-crossflow growth was studied downstream of a two-dimensional step in a swept-wing flow. The step height was set at 81% of the local unperturbed boundary layer thickness at the step location, and the shape was varied by placing two ramps of differing slopes upstream of the step: 30◦ and 45◦. The ramps were successful at delaying transition, with increasing success as the slope was decreased. The ramps significantly altered the mean flow, reducing or eliminating the separation region and crossflow-reversal region downstream of the step, which reduced the amplification of the stationary crossflow modes shortly downstream of the step. The mean flow modification induced by the step also had destabilizing effects that persisted farther downstream as the flow recovered from the near-step region. The downstream growth of the stationary crossflow instabilities was also mitigated by the introduction of the ramps upstream of the step. The presence of harmonics beginning near this region confirms previous findings that there are nonlinear interactions contributing to the growth of the instability.
Comparing GPU Implementations of Bilateral and Anisotropic Diffusion Filters for 3D Biomedical Datasets

We compare the performance of hand-tuned CUDA implementations of bilateral and anisotropic diffusion filters for denoising 3D MRI datasets. Our tests sweep comparable parameters for the two filters and measure total runtime, memory bandwidth, computational throughput, and mean squared errors relative to a noiseless reference dataset.
“Looking Upon All Beings as One’s Self”: Insights from Advaita Hinduism for Racial Justice Within Christian Theology and Liberative Praxis

The inalienable dignity of the person created in God’s image and the commandment to love one’s neighbor as one’s self are fundamental Christian social ethical principles. South Asian traditions’ imperative to “view all living beings as one’s self” (ātmavat sarvabhūteṣu) sees violence done to the other as violence done to one’s self. Specifically, Advaita Hindu understandings of ātmavat sarvabhūteṣu tie it to the identity of one’s innermost self (ātman) with ultimate reality (brahman). After examining the sources and meanings of ātmavat sarvabhūteṣu in Advaita, this paper explores ātmavat sarvabhūteṣu in Advaita as a resource for uniting the image of God and love of neighbor in Christianity in an unprecedented way and elevating Christian understandings of human dignity to a qualitatively different level. These insights are tested in their implications for Christian liberative praxis aimed at eliminating injustices centered around race and racism, a timely exigency in our current sociocultural climate.
An alternative model for fetal loss disorders associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome

Abstract Fertile chicken eggs were used as an alternative model for large animals to evaluate suspect toxic dietary ingredients for fetal loss disorders associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) and fetal losses in other livestock. Nitrate, ammonia, and sulfate may react with proteinaceous compounds to enable the formation of abiotic pathogenic nanoparticles which were constant findings in pathognomonic placental lesions associated with non-infectious fetal losses of previously unknown etiology in mares, chickens and other livestock. The pathogenic nanoparticles may be produced naturally by toxic elements associated with air pollution that affect pasture forages or crops, unintentionally by reactions of these elements in protein-mineral mixes in dietary rations, or endogenously within tissues of fetuses and adult animals. The nanoparticles may form niduses in small vessels and predispose animals to a host of secondary opportunistic diseases affecting the reproductive, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of animals. The newly recognized abiotic pathogenic micro and nanoparticles are associated with MRLS. The discovery of the pathogenic nanoparticles led to the identification of nitrate, ammonium, and sulfur, in the form of sulfate, that seemingly enable the formation of the pathogenic nanoparticles in embryonic and fetal tissues.
One-to-one relationships between milk miRNA content and protein abundance in neonate duodenum support the potential for milk miRNAs regulating neonate development

Breast milk plays an essential role for offspring development; however, there lacks evidence of how specific milk components like nucleic acids mechanistically function to regulate neonate development. Previously, we found that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) not only significantly affected mRNA and miRNA content of the secreted milk transcriptome in mice but also affected the duodenal proteome of suckling pups. Here, we hypothesized that nucleic acids differentially expressed in milk of HFD fed dams are related to differentially abundant proteins in offspring duodenum nursed by HFD dams. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing one-to-one relationships in RNA-seq data of milk transcriptomes from control (10% kcal fat) and HFD (60% kcal fat) fed mice and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) duodenal proteome data from pups exposed to milk. Ten percent of differentially abundant duodenal proteins between controls and HFD-exposed pups had predicted upregulation or downregulation based on differential milk RNA content. Of these, 76% were targets of upregulated miRNA, and linear regression analysis indicated relationships (p < 0.05) between multiple milk miRNA counts and duodenal protein abundance. Duodenal proteins that were potential targets of milk miRNA enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways related to cytoskeletal structure and neural development, suggesting potential regulation of pup enteric nervous system. One-to-one relationships between milk miRNA content and protein abundance in neonate duodenum support the potential for milk miRNAs regulating neonate development. Identification of milk miRNAs that changed in response to maternal diet will enable design of mechanistic studies that test effects on neonate.
Luteinizing Hormone Surge More Accurately Correlates With Ultrasound Dating of Early Pregnancy Compared to the Last Menstrual Period.

OBJECTIVES To compare the use of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge versus the last menstrual period (LMP) for the accuracy of pregnancy dating in fertile women with a diagnosis of recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL). METHODS This was an observational cohort study using prospectively collected data at 2 academic REPL programs between 2005 and 2018. Women with a history of REPL and at least 1 subsequent live birth after the evaluation were included. All patients conceived by intercourse timed to the LH surge. Transvaginal ultrasound was examinations were performed 2 weeks after missed menses. The gestational age (GA) was calculated by the LH surge (GALH ), LMP (GALMP ), and first crown-rump length (CRL) that measured 5 mm or greater (GACRL ). A secondary analysis compared GA based on the first measurable CRL of less than 5 mm versus GA based on the first CRL of 5 mm or greater. The GALH and GALMP were compared to determine which measure showed greater concordance with the CRL. The mean absolute difference in days between the GACRL versus GALH and GACRL versus GALMP was determined. RESULTS A total of 115 women with 118 subsequent pregnancies resulting in live birth were included, with a mean age at delivery of 35.5 years and a mean of 3.6 prior pregnancy losses. The GALH showed a stronger correlation with the CRL (0.77) than the GALMP (0.63; P = .002). The GALH was more similar to the GACRL than the GALMP , with a mean absolute difference of 2.0 versus 3.1 days (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS When known, the LH surge appears to be more accurate than the LMP and should be used preferentially for dating of early pregnancy.
Crowdsourcing virtual summer research opportunities to support minorities in microbiology.

Summer research programmes are renowned for encouraging underrepresented minorities (URMs) to pursue STEM careers, but COVID-19 left many students in the United States unable to participate. We created the National Summer Undergraduate Research Project to matchmake students with mentors, enabling 250 URM students to do summer research.
Wollstonecraft as an International Feminist Meme

This article charts the rise of Wollstonecraft as a international feminist meme, as a result of the centennial markers of her 1792 Rights of Woman and 1797 death in 1890s Britain, Europe, and the United States. To this end, we conduct a comparative rhetorical and ideological study of the symbolic political uses of Wollstonecraft by four leaders of women's movements at the turn of the twentieth century: Millicent Fawcett of Britain, Bertha Pappenheim and Lily Braun of Germany, and Carrie Chapman Catt of the United States. We trace the emergence of two dominant feminist memes of Wollstonecraft between 1890 and 1941: the womanly women's rights advocate, and the feminist pioneer. With their mimetic makeovers of Wollstonecraft, feminist leaders and activists exploited intersections of race, class, gender, and nation to build the authority, appeal, and sense of history and purpose of their movements.
A Lightweight PUF-Based Authentication Protocol Using Secret Pattern Recognition for Constrained IoT Devices

PUFs, or physical unclonable functions, are hardware security primitives that can offer lightweight security solutions for constrained devices through challenge-response authentication protocols. However, the lightweight PUF-based security solutions that have been presented often lack security features such as mutual authentication or message encryption, which could be vital for many applications. Other protocols suffer from vulnerabilities to denial of service attacks that make them impractical to use. This work introduces a lightweight PUF-based protocol that uses secret pattern recognition to offer mutual authentication and authenticated secret message exchange for constrained devices on the Internet of Things. The protocol utilizes several techniques to introduce nonlinearity, and it can employ any strong PUF circuit for which a soft model can be generated. The authentication process requires simple bitwise operations along with a PUF circuit and a true random number generator (TRNG). By avoiding the use of any cryptographic or hash functions, the protocol’s lightweight nature is preserved. The security of the proposed protocol against modeling attacks is tested to showcase its resilience. Similar PUF-based protocols are investigated and found to lack some essential security features.
The Effect of Natural Gas Prices on Power System Reliability

Electricity production in United States of America is shifting from coal to natural gas. Much of this shift is driven by decreased natural gas prices, which are resulting from hydraulic fracturing. Decreased natural gas prices are causing a price reversal in the merit order between natural-gas- and coal-fired generators. Given that these fuel-price changes are anticipated to persist and are impacting power-system operations, a question is how these changes impact power-system reliability. We survey literature that pertains to how fuel prices impact power-system reliability. Most existing works focus on long-term dynamics and power-system planning. Moreover, most reliability assessments assume that power-system resources are operated correctly to meet reliability requirements. Thus, they may not capture the impact on the availability of generating capacity of power-system operations changing due to fuel prices. We use a case study that is based on Texas’s power system to show how operational decisions can impact power-system reliability. We demonstrate that the operational impact of fuel prices can have dramatic reliability effects. These findings illustrate the importance of capturing power-system operations in assessing power-system reliability.
A bioengineered lymphatic vessel model for studying lymphatic endothelial cell-cell junction and barrier function.

OBJECTIVE Lymphatic vessels (LVs) maintain fluid homeostasis by draining interstitial fluid. A failure in lymphatic drainage triggers lymphatic diseases such as lymphedema. Since lymphatic drainage is regulated by lymphatic barrier function, developing experimental models that assess lymphatic barrier function is critical for better understanding of lymphatic physiology and disease. METHODS We built a lymphatic vessel-on-chip (LV-on-chip) by fabricating a microfluidic device that includes a hollow microchannel embedded in three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel. Employing luminal flow in the microchannel, human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) seeded in the microchannel formed an engineered LV exhibiting 3D conduit structure. RESULTS Lymphatic endothelial cells formed relatively permeable junctions in 3D collagen 1. However, adding fibronectin to the collagen 1 apparently tightened LEC junctions. We tested lymphatic barrier function by introducing dextran into LV lumens. While LECs in collagen 1 showed permeable barriers, LECs in fibronectin/collagen 1 showed reduced permeability, which was reversed by integrin α5 inhibition. Mechanistically, LECs expressed inactivated integrin α5 in collagen 1. However, integrin α5 is activated in fibronectin and enhances barrier function. Integrin α5 activation itself also tightened LEC junctions in the absence of fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS Lymphatic vessel-on-chip reveals integrin α5 as a regulator of lymphatic barrier function and provides a platform for studying lymphatic barrier function in various conditions.
Working More, Less or the Same During COVID-19? A Mixed Method, Intersectional Analysis of Remote Workers

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed where paid work is done. Workers able to do so have been required to work remotely. We draw on survey data collected in October 2020 from a nationally represen...
Increase in threshold to ventricular activation related to atrial contraction: A possible example of “Wedensky inhibition”

Abstract First and second degree pacemaker-ventricular block and second degree exit block of a junctional pacemaker are demonstrated in relationship to atrial depolarization in a 55-year-old man with acute inferior myocardial infarction and impaired atrioventricular conduction. It is proposed that atrial depolarization resulted in a transient increase in threshold of excitation distal to the area of block, and thus represents a possible example of Wedensky inhibition.
The Enemy Within: Black-White Differences in Fatalism and Joblessness

Abstract There is an emergent consensus that the disposition of Black young men is an important determinant of their labor market troubles. The problem, we are told, is not labor market discrimination but the fatalistic attitudes (the “enemy within”) held by many Black youth. This article uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to examine race differences in fatalism and joblessness. I find that the greater fatalism of Blacks is explained by their more disadvantaged background and subsequent problems in schools and the labor market, not by their distinctive cultural orientations. I also find a modest effect of measures of fatalism on subsequent joblessness and a more pronounced effect for more disadvantaged White and Black young men.
Triplet s-wave resonance in {sup 6}Li collisions and scattering lengths of {sup 6}Li and {sup 7}Li

The triplet s-wave scattering length of {sup 6}Li is determined using two-photon photoassociative spectroscopy of the diatomic a{sup 3}{Sigma}{sub u}{sup +} state of {sup 6}Li{sub 2}. The measured binding energy of the highest-lying bound state, combined with knowledge of the potential, determines the s-wave scattering length to be ({minus}2160{plus_minus}250)a{sub 0}, where a{sub 0} is the Bohr radius. This extraordinarily large scattering length signifies a near-threshold resonance. A complete table of singlet and triplet scattering lengths for collisions involving {sup 6}Li and {sup 7}Li determined from this and our previous spectroscopic investigations is given. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
A structured, automated design procedure for systems integration sequential logic

A structured design procedure for systems integration sequential logic which is to be implemented on programmable logic controllers is presented. The procedure offers the advantages of producing intrinsically robust software which is very easy to understand and to modify as systems requirements change. The approach takes advantage of the sequential nature nature of processors to assure that the order of solution of the sequential logic equations is consistent with maximum speed and instantaneous correctness of the output states. The authors present examples of the basic elements of the structured design procedure from which any type of system integration can be implemented. An example is given of an industrial die cast molding machine system. >
14xx nm pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifier bursty traffic applications

Upconversion pumping in the 1400 nm-range gives thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) a dynamic range of 15 dB, and transient power excursion much lower than conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifier during dynamic wavelength add-drop. Hence, it is promising for bursty traffic applications.
Implementation and evaluation of practice guidelines.

Abstract Practice guidelines for the management of deep vein thrombosis were implemented in a Problem-Oriented Patient Management System on the HELP Hospital Information System at the LDS Hospital. A hierarchical knowledge representation was used. The Problem-Oriented Patient Management System was designed to generate patient-specific guideline suggestions according to the clinical situation at the time of generation. A retrospective evaluation was used to compare the appropriateness of the generated guideline suggestions to the appropriateness of the attending physician's management decisions. A significantly higher proportion of guideline suggestions was evaluated to be appropriate, compared to the proportion of attending physician's management decisions found to be appropriate.
What net generation students really want: Determining library help‐seeking preferences of undergraduates

Purpose – Many academic libraries are trying a variety of innovative services to meet net generation users “on their own turf” and “on their own terms”. This paper aims to address the need for academic libraries to determine the wants and preferences of their institution's own net generation students before launching any new service that could be costly and ineffective, and to discuss a method for doing so.Design/methodology/approach – An online survey of undergraduates was conducted at Marywood University to investigate if the net generation profile – being technologically savvy and desiring the quick and easy – applies to help‐seeking preferences at the library. Students were asked to rate their preference for a variety of research assistance options such as e‐mail, IM, Facebook and librarian assistance outside the library.Findings – Results of the study run counter to expectations, and show that certain research assistance options, namely assistance via chat, Facebook, and course management software, a...
Phage mutations in response to CRISPR diversification in a bacterial population.

Summary Interactions between bacteria and their coexisting phage populations impact evolution and can strongly influence biogeochemical processes in natural ecosystems. Periodically, mutation or migration results in exposure of a host to a phage to which it has no immunity; alternatively, a phage may be exposed to a host it cannot infect. To explore the processes by which coexisting, co-evolving hosts and phage populations establish, we cultured Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC7710 with phage 2972 and tracked CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) diversification and host–phage co-evolution in a population derived from a colony that acquired initial CRISPR-encoded immunity. After 1 week of co-culturing, the coexisting host–phage populations were metagenomically characterized using 454 FLX Titanium sequencing. The evolved genomes were compared with reference genomes to identify newly incorporated spacers in S. thermophilus DGCC7710 and recently acquired single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in phage 2972. Following phage exposure, acquisition of immune elements (spacers) led to a genetically diverse population with multiple subdominant strain lineages. Phage mutations that circumvented three early immunization events were localized in the proto-spacer adjacent motif (PAM) or near the PAM end of the proto-spacer, suggesting a strong selective advantage for the phage that mutated in this region. The sequential fixation or near fixation of these single mutations indicates selection events so severe that single phage genotypes ultimately gave rise to all surviving lineages and potentially carried traits unrelated to immunity to fixation.
6 Aging and Metacognitions Concerning Memory Function

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the aging and metacognitions concerning memory function. The term metacognition is generally taken to refer to an individual's cognition about cognition, what the person knows of cognitive processes employed in the encoding, storage, retrieval and use of information. This chapter presents some recent work addressing the general question of whether there are age-related changes in these metacognitive processes in late adulthood. The literature on metacognition and aging deals predominantly with metamemory, one‘s beliefs and knowledge about one‘s memory functioning. As originally conceived metamemory centered on knowledge about memory, e.g., knowledge about the memory demands of particular tasks and knowledge of the strategies appropriate to particular tasks. In current use metamemory is commonly taken to include memory beliefs or the notion of one‘s self-efficacy with respect to memory functioning.
CMOS zero cross-conduction low-power driver and power MOSFETs for integrated synchronous buck converter

This paper presents a circuit and a design of a CMOS zero cross-conduction low-power driver for an integrated synchronous buck converter. The circuit has a zero cross-conduction, yielding low-power dissipation and high efficiency. We used the Cadence design tool with 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology to implement and verify the functionalities of the low-power buck converter driver. The design criteria of these drivers depend on the power dissipation, delay, and physical size. The DC input voltage of this design is 1.2 V, the DC output voltage is 1 V, the output current is 120 mA, and the maximum operating frequency is up to 100 MHz. The total size of the driver is around 140 micron/sup 2/ plus the area of an inductor and a capacitor. The designed converter achieved the required specification, and its efficiency is up to 97.9%. This circuit is more efficient than other previous low-power buck converter drivers. The proposed circuit is better than Lee's et al. and our recent design in terms of efficiency, speed, and layout area. The new circuit is more than 4 times smaller than Lee's circuit. The circuit can be also used in I/O pads for high-current and low-power IC applications.
Release policy governor (RPG) for re-entrant semiconductor fabrication lines

In this paper, a method is presented for governing the release of wafers (starts) into a re-entrant semiconductor fabrication line. A flow model for a five-machine six-step re-entrant mini-fab is used to present all developments. Stabilizing clear-a-fraction (CAF) state feedback policies are developed for the mini-fab. A systematic procedure is presented for regulating the flow of starts so that critical system constraints (e.g. machine availability and buffer level constraints, etc.) are never violated, however aggressive the release policy. The regulation is achieved via nonlinear optimization based on state information from the flow model. The resulting algorithm, called a release policy governor (RPG), is shown to produce a closed loop stable system.
Electron-impact excitation of heliumlike titanium.

We report theoretical close-coupling calculations for electron-impact excitation cross sections of He-like Ti XXI ions using the R-matrix method, including relativistic and radiation damping effects. The cross sections are in good agreement with experimental measurements from the electron-beam ion trap [Chantrenne et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 265 (1992)] for the four prominent x-ray transitions: 1${\mathit{s}}^{2}$${(}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1s2s${(}^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$), 1s2p${(}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1,2}^{\mathit{o}}$), 1s2p${(}^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}^{\mathit{o}}$), indicating that both the relativistic and the resonance effects, with radiative damping, may affect the electron-impact excitation process significantly in highly charged ions.
Variations in the pore structure of oil shales during retorting and combustion

Effects of retort temperature and constant heating rates on the pore structure of two eastern US oil shales were investigated experimentally. Surface areas calculated from N2 and CO2 adsorption data were observed to decrease during the early, low-temperature retort stage as a result of pore mouth blockage due to the formation of a thermoplast, and then to increase markedly above the raw shale values at higher temperature. The effect of heating rate was insignificant. A drastic loss of surface area occurred during air combustion, accompanied by an increase in pore volume in the mesopore size range.
Intelligent fuzzy weighted input estimation method applied to inverse heat conduction problems

Abstract The innovative intelligent fuzzy weighted input estimation method which efficiently and robustly estimates the unknown time-varying heat flux in real-time is presented in this paper. The algorithm includes the Kalman Filter (KF) and the recursive least square estimator (RLSE), which is weighted by the fuzzy weighting factor proposed based on the fuzzy logic inference system. To directly synthesize the Kalman filter with the estimator, this work presents an efficient robust forgetting zone, which is capable of providing a reasonable compromise between the tracking capability and the flexibility against noises. The capability of this inverse method are demonstrated in one- and two-dimensional time-varying estimation cases and the proposed algorithm is compared by alternating between the constant and adaptive weighting factors. The results show that this method has the properties of faster convergence in the initial response, better target tracking capability and more effective noise reduction.
Sign codes and sign language: two orders of communication.

Abstract Deaf children, like all children, are born with a capacity for language; i.e. the symbolization and expression of cognitive functioning. Until the age at which hearing children are talking, deaf children communicate well with others, using their sight, touch, and other actions—the common gestures in the culture of their caretakers. The chief problem in communication arises when hearers reject the deaf child's gestural symbolization of his developing language knowledge. The problem is aggravated by insistence that the child use speech as do those who hear. Linguistic, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems may then follow, because of the attitude and actions of the hearing. All these problems can be resolved by early recognizing that the deaf person has a language and by honestly trying to learn and use it. This language is not a set of signs standing for spoken words but a complete language with its own rules for making sense in signed sentences.
How thermochimica acta began: Some recollections

Abstract The early history of Thermochimia Acta is described by the Editor-in-Chief. The journal was first proposed in 1968 while the first issue was published in 1970. The journal has grown from one volume in 1970 to eight volumes in 1980.
Discrimination divides across identity dimensions: Perceived racism reduces support for gay rights and increases anti-gay bias

Abstract Recent research has found that perceiving racial discrimination toward one's own group results in the expression of more positive attitudes toward members of other racial minority groups; however, perceiving sexism results in the expression of more negative attitudes toward other stigmatized groups, namely, racial minorities. One possibility for this seeming discrepancy is that perceived group disadvantage better enables identification with other disadvantaged groups within a dimension of identity (i.e., among racial minorities) than across dimensions of identity (i.e., between White women and racial minorities). The present research investigates this possibility or, rather, whether racial discrimination is such a potent experience for racial minorities that making it salient will increase identification with and, thus, facilitate more positive attitudes toward members of other stigmatized groups, even those that cross an identity dimension (e.g., sexual minorities). Analyses of two nationally representative datasets (Studies 1a & 1b) reveal that perceived racial discrimination against the ingroup is associated with more negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Similarly, a laboratory experiment with Black and Latino participants (Study 2) reveals that making racial discrimination against the ingroup salient leads to more negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians as well as less support for policies that would benefit sexual minorities. Overall, the present research suggests that although perceived discrimination may result in more positive attitudes within an identity dimension, it is associated with more negative intra-minority intergroup relations across dimensions of identity.
Factors affecting nutrient loads in some Iowa streams

Abstract The export and concentration of inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus from 34 watersheds in a northwestern Iowa lake district were measured during March 1971–August 1973. Annual nutrient losses were approximately 0.35 kg ha−1 P. 6.7 kg ha−1 NO3-N, and 1.0 kg ha−1 NH3-N. A statistical analysis of the relationship between land-use and plant nutrients was used to determine differences among streams. Animal units in feedlots were significantly correlated with phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen (mg l−1 and kg ha−1 yr−1). Nitrate nitrogen was negatively correlated with the percentage of watershed in marshland. Tile drainage and surface runoff from grasslands, feedlots, cornfields, and soybean fields were analyzed for nitrogen and phosphorus in spring 1974: mean values are given.
Piety and Profession: Simon Greenleaf and the Case of the Stillborn Bowdoin Law School, 1850–1861

In 1850, Bowdoin College turned to former Harvard professor Simon Greenleaf when it sought to establish a law school. Although the school did not materialize, Greenleaf wrote a remarkable report that reveals anxieties about the profession, competing visions of legal education, and controversies over the meaning of the science of law in antebellum New England.
Numerical results for a mixed boundary-value problem of potential theory using invariant imbedding

Abstract A mixed boundary-value problem of potential theory is solved numerically. The problem is reduced to the solution of an integral equation using the theory of dual integral equations. The invariant imbedding treatment of that integral equation leads to the solution of an initial-value problem in ordinary differential equations. Numerical results are presented and discussed.
Management of Incidental Hepatitis C Virus Infection — Polling Results

This interactive feature presented the case of a 25-year-old woman with incidentally identified HCV infection.
Comparison of costs and complications of radical and partial nephrectomy for treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma.

Abstract Objectives. To compare the complications and costs of radical and partial nephrectomy (PN) and to investigate the impact of increasing experience on costs and complications during a 7-year period. Nephron-sparing surgery has found increasing applications in the past decade. PN has achieved similar long-term results in localized renal cell carcinoma with respect to cancer control compared with radical nephrectomy (RN). However, data are limited on the direct comparison of complications and hospital costs between these two modalities. Methods. A retrospective case-matched study was performed comparing 60 RNs and 60 PNs during a 7-year period with respect to complications and hospital costs. A longitudinal comparison was also performed between the various periods to assess the impact of surgical experience on these parameters. Results. The mean length of stay was 6.4 ± 3 days in the RN group and 6.4 ± 3.3 days in the PN group. The hospital costs were comparable between the two procedures during the observed interval. The mean operative time was 176.6 ± 51.6 minutes for RN and 220.1 ± 59.6 minutes for PN ( P = 0.0001). This difference was accentuated during the observed period. No differences were found in the blood loss and transfusion rates between the groups. The complication rate was 3.3% and 10% for RN and PN, respectively ( P = 0.2). Conclusions. Our data suggest that RN and PN can be performed with a similar rate of complications and comparable hospital costs. This is of practical importance when comparing these modalities as treatment options for localized renal cell carcinoma.
Separation of Lignin from Aqueous Mixtures by Ionic and Nonionic Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels

Three ionic and nonionic temperature-sensitive hydrogels, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (NIPAAm−AA), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxypr...