cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The use of digital photography in systematics

Systematic problems often depend on whether individuals or taxa differ in colour. Recent advances in digital camera technology have made digital photography an attractive method for quickly and easily obtaining objective colour measurements. The present study explores some potential applications for the use of digital photography in systematics. Using an affordable camera apparatus that can take both visible and ultraviolet images, it is found that colour measurements of bird plumage patches are highly repeatable. Calibrated digital images were used to quantify visible and ultraviolet colour in several avian examples, and issues addressed included characterizing the extent of invisible ultraviolet patches, quantifying the degree of colour difference among patches, and testing for cryptic sexual dichromatism. Because the spatial relationships among colours are preserved, colour patterns can be quantified from digital images. As an example, the amount of head spotting is measured along a geographical transect to characterize the shape of a phenotypic cline between two taxa. Another potentially powerful application of digital photography is for species delimitation. Digital images were used to assess colour differences between two putative taxa. Patch measurements were plotted in three-dimensional colour space to determine whether patch colour overlapped between taxa. Four of the five colour patches that were originally described as distinguishing taxa were non-overlapping, and so the taxa were determined to be diagnosable. Digital photography thus provides a potentially powerful method for addressing systematic problems. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110, 1–13.
The effects of flow on miscibility in a blend of polystyrene and poly(vinyl methyl ether)

Shear and extensional flows can have a significant effect on the miscibility for a blend of polystyrene with poly(vinyl methyl ether). The cloud point temperature in a planar stagnation flow is elevated by as much as 12 K; the magnitude depends on the extension rate, the strain, and the blend composition. Flow-induced miscibility is also observed in the shear flow between parallel plates which has been used to test smaller samples and to prepare solid samples for further characterization. At lower temperatures, as much as 30 K below the coexistence temperature, flow-induced phase separation occurs in both shear flow and extensional flows. The stress, rather than deformation rate, appears to be the most important parameter in flow-induced phase separation.
Single-crystal-to-single-crystal E → Z and Z → E isomerizations of 3-chloroacrylic acid within the nanocavities of a supramolecular framework

Single-crystal-to-single-crystal E → Z and Z → E photo-isomerizations of 3-chloroacrylic acid (HClA) take place with full retention of the crystal lattice in the framework cavities of the supramolecular crystals CECR·HClA·2MeOH·1.5H2O (CECR = C-ethylcalix[4] resorcinarene); their progress has been monitored as the reaction proceeds.
Nutritional Requirements for Polyploid Mitoses in Cultured Pea Root Segments

Diploid and polyploid mitoses could be stimulated in excised segments of the mature region of pea roots grown on a sterile culture medium. Diploid mitoses were observed in segments cultured on water alone for 72 hours. Their frequency was increased by the presence of salts, sucrose, vitamins, and any two or all three of the following: an amino mixture, auxins, and kinetin. Polyploid mitoses were observed 72 hours after the beginning of the culture period in segments cultured on salts, sucrose, vitamins, auxins, and kinetin. Polyploid mitoses required the presence of auxins and kinetin in the culture medium. Their frequency was not affected by the presence of a reduced nitrogen source. Light treatments had no effect on the frequency of diploid or polyploid mitoses. Diploid mitoses were first observed about 24 hours after the beginning of the culture and their frequency increased thereafter. Experiments with colchicine showed that diploid cells were entering mitosis for the first time as late as 60 hours after the beginning of the culture. Polyploid mitoses showed a long lag time when compared with diploid mitoses. They began at about 60 hours and their frequency increased thereafter. Experiments with colchicine showed that polyploid cells were entering mitosis for the first time as late as 84 hours after the beginning of the culture. The presence of kinetin in the medium was not required during the first 24 hours in culture for the appearance of polyploid mitoses at 74 hours. However, the presence of kinetin was required after 24 hours. Auxin was required at some time during the first 24 hours of the culture and its continuous presence may be required for the stimulation of polyploid mitoses.
Radiation Performance of 1 Gbit DDR2 SDRAMs Fabricated with 80-90 nm CMOS

We present radiation performance of 1 Gbit DDR2 SDRAMs from three different vendors, including susceptibilities to TID damage and to destructive and nondestructive SEE.
Catalytic steam reforming of chlorocarbons: catalyst deactivation

Abstract Deactivation of 0.5 wt.% Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalysts during trichloroethylene (TCE)–steam reforming was studied with experiments at 700°C, H2O/C=25 and GHSV=60,000 h−1. Coke deposits at various process times and operating conditions were analyzed with temperature programmed oxidation to determine total carbon deposition and H/C ratios. Total chlorine adsorption was also determined by chemical analysis, and the chlorinated surface examined with X-ray photon spectroscopy. The effect of process time and environment on the platinum dispersion was measured with hydrogen chemisorption and the γ-Al2O3 surface area determined with BET studies. Finally, the crystallite size of the platinum and phase transformations of the γ-Al2O3 support were found from X-ray diffraction. These studies indicated that the major source of permanent deactivation is loss of platinum surface area due to crystallite sintering and encapsulation caused by phase transition in the support. Chlorine poisoning decreases the water gas shift activity but not the main reaction. However, chlorine saturation of the surface deters steam from removing carbon and maintaining a clean catalyst. Coke formation only becomes significant as these other factors enlarge the reaction zone and provide the opportunity for pyrolysis and hydrogenolysis reactions to occur within the pores.
Ethical Issues Surrounding Human Participants Research Using the Internet

The Internet appears to offer psychologists doing research unrestricted access to infinite amounts and types of data. However, the ethical issues surrounding the use of data and data collection methods are challenging research review boards at many institutions. This article illuminates some of the obstacles facing researchers who wish to take advantage of the Internet's flexibility. The applications of the APA ethical codes for conducting research on human participants on the Internet are reviewed. The principle of beneficence, as well as privacy and confidentiality, informed consent, deception, and avoiding harm are all illustrated through the use of a hypothetical online study.
Testosterone and Endurance Exercise: Development of the "Exercise-Hypogonadal Male Condition"

During the last 30 years a large number of research studies have been conducted examining reproductive endocrine dysfunction in exercising women. The number of similar studies examining men is still relatively small. Nevertheless, an increasing amount of research studies in men indicate endurance exercise training has significant effects upon the major male reproductive hormone, testosterone, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis that regulates reproductive hormones. This review article addresses one reproductive endocrine dysfunction found in exercising men, what has been deemed the "exercise-hypogonadal male condition". Specifically, men with this condition exhibit basal (resting-state) free and total testosterone levels that are significantly and persistently reduced. The exact physiological mechanism inducing the reduction of testosterone is currently unclear, but is postulated to be a dysfunction (or perhaps a readjustment) within the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular regulatory axis. The time course for the development of the "exercise-hypogonadal condition" or the threshold of exercise training necessary to induce the condition remains unresolved. The potential exists for these reduced testosterone levels within the exercise-hypogonadal male to disrupt and be detrimental to some anabolic or androgenic testosterone-dependent physiological processes. Unfortunately, extremely few research studies have addressed whether such processes are affected, and thus findings are inconclusive. Conversely, the alterations in testosterone levels brought about by endurance exercise training have the potential for cardiovascular protective effects and thus could be beneficial to the health of these men. Current evidence suggests this condition is limited to men who have been persistently involved in chronic endurance exercise training for extended periods of time (i.e., years). Many questions, however, regarding the male reproductive endocrine adaptive process to exercise and exercise training remain unanswered, necessitating the need for further research on this topic.
Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction screening in childhood acute myeloblastic leukemia

To determine the incidence of leukemiaspecific rearrangements, 60 cases of childhood acute myeloblastic leukemia and transient myeloproliferative disorder were screened with a novel multiplex reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and the results were correlated with the cytogenetic findings. The RT-PCR assay detects 28 different fusion genes and more than 80 different fusion transcript variants. RNA was isolated from methanol/acetic acid‐fixed cells that had been routinely prepared for cytogenetic analysis. Nine different fusion transcripts were found in 40% of the cases, whereas 78.3% of the cases had abnormal karyotypes. Two cases with a t(6;11) and an MLL/AF6 gene fusion were missed cytogenetically. Conversely, cytogenetic analysis revealed 10 other welldefined chromosome rearrangements. Although cytogenetic analysis reveals a much broader range of abnormalities, multiplex RT-PCR serves as quality control and provides the essential information for minimal residual disease studies. Moreover, discrepant findings lead to the detection of new rearrangements on the molecular genetic level. (Blood. 2001;97:805-808)
Instability of baroclinic flows with horizontal shear along topography

The stability of baroclinic flows with horizontal shear over sloping topography is analyzed with special emphasis on the structure and energetics of the unstable perturbations. The study is conducted by using a linearized two-layer quasi-geostrophic channel model for different topography profiles and distributions of the basic velocity field. Interactions between the two fluid layers and the energy conversions by the unstable perturbations are described. It is found that topography sloping as (opposed to) the fluid interface contributes to enhance the perturbation amplitude in the upper (lower) layer relative to the lower (upper) layer. The results for bottom topography with differing characteristics across the flow indicate pronounced localized effects on the energy conversions over the slopes and the meridional scale of the perturbations in the lower layer.
Thymology, Praxeology, Demand Curves, Giffen Goods and Diminishing Marginal Utility

Austrian economists have been criticized for several logical inconsistencies. On the one hand, they support the law of downward sloping demand, but given that, the Giffen good serves as a refutation. On the other hand, the praxeological school embraces diminishing marginal utility but rejects indifference; yet, how can utility diminish (or increase or even remain constant, for that matter) as equally serviceable units are utilized? For this to happen, there must be equally serviceable units in the first place, and this constitutes nothing but indifference, rejected by Austrians. The present paper is an attempt to shed light on these issues, and to demonstrate that there is no contradiction in, nor even intellectual discomfort for, the praxeological school of economics in any of these matters.
Defining Arrhythmic Risk and Defibrillator Therapy in ARVC : Shocking Rhythm?∗

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a complex syndrome characterized by fibro-fatty replacement predominantly of the right ventricle causing systolic failure, ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and potential sudden death. ARVC is responsible for ∼5% of sudden deaths in U.S.
Regional Administration of the Value Added Tax in Tanzania and the Relationship of the Value Added Taxes in Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar

There is substantial decentralization of VAT administration in mainland Tanzania. Hiring of personnel is done in central office of VAT. There are 950 registered firms in the Arusha area. Returns and payments are made in the regional offices; check is made for del inquents in the central office, but nonfilers are contacted in the regional offices. Coordination of the work in the central office and the regional office is impeded by the lack of a direct computer link. There are serious problems with the educational backgrounds of the staff in the Arusha office and there are major procedural problems. Zanzibar, while a part of Tanzania, has considerable autonomy with a separate VAT Act, now essentially identical with the Tanzania Act. Zanzibar has a separate Revenue Board. As on the mainland, there are serious misunderstandings about the VAT. There is a widespread belief on the mainland that many transactions escape the Zanzibar tax and then enter the mainland duty free. Zanzibar officials insist that this is no longer true since the rates of the tax are the same in the two jurisdictions, but mainland firms are not convinced.
Resistance and Assent: How Racial Socialization Shapes Black Students’ Experience Learning African American History in High School

African American history is often taught poorly in high school U.S. history courses. However, we know little about how Black students perceive and experience this situation. I use a refined racial socialization framework and interview data with 32 Black college students in the Northeast to investigate how familial racial socialization shapes their perceptions of and experience learning about African American history in high school. Findings indicate that Black students socialized into critical and colorblind interpretations of race and racism, respectively, interpret, engage with, and respond to African American history in their high school U.S. history courses in different ways.
Verifying Correctness of Conflict Detection Devices in the Presence of Uncertainties

In order to verify the correctness of conflict detection software, a model that captures both the discrete nature of the conflict detection logic and the continuous nature of the aircraft dynamics must be formulated. This model is necessarily hybrid in nature, and presents difficulties in the verification process, due to the infinite nature of the state space. Additionally noise and sensor errors can lead to uncertainties in the reported location of the aircraft, leading to a stochastic description of the aircraft’s initial condition and projected future trajectories. It becomes important to bound these trajectories in order to verify whether or not a conflict will occur in the time horizon of the conflict detection software, and thus verify if an alert has correctly been issued. Because the problem of generating the entire reachable space for hybrid systems is often intractable, methods of approximating the reachable space have been developed. One such technique involves over-approximating the reachable set with ellipsoids, which leads to a conservative bound on the reachable set. The paper contains a numerical example of an ellipsoidal approximation to the trajectory of an aircraft in a steady climbing turn.
A CASE REPORT OF BEHÇET'S DISEASE WITH PERFORATION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

Intestinal Behcet's disease is rare and is accompanied by a high risk of intestinal perforation. A recent experience with a case of Behcet's disease with perforation of the small intestine and such cases seen in the Japanese literature are presented.A 63-year-old woman was seen at the hospital because of severe abdominal pain. There was a 2.5-year history of Behcet's disease and she was under treatment for it at her first visit. On physical examination, slight distension, marked tenderness, resistence and muscular defence were presented in the whole abdomen. Abdominal roentogenography revealed a free air and an emergency operation was carried out under the diagnosis of perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. At the primary operation, punched-out perforation of the ileum was found and ileostomy and abdominal drainage were performed. After the operation, steroid hormone therapy was started to control Behcet's disease. Gastorograffin enema from the ileostomy and colonic fiberscopy played an important role in the evaluation of the lesion. At the secondary operation, ileocecal resection was performed on the 30th day after admission. She was comfortably discharged from the hospital on the 104th day after admission.
The Circulatory Action of a Number of Phenylpropylamine Derivatives.

SummaryThe intravenous circulatory activity of the following phenylpropylamines was compared with that of corresponding phenethylamine derivatives and epinephrine in atropinized dogs anesthetized with pento-barbital sodium : y- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -N-Ketopropylamine (I); y- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -N-Ketopropylamine (IV); y-(4-hydroxyphenyl) - y - hydroxypropylamine (VI); N-phenyl-y-ketopropylamine (VIII); N-phenyl-N-hydoxypropylamine (XII); y- (4-methoxy-phenyl)-y-Ketopropylamine (VII); N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) -N-Ketopropylamine (III). These derivatives all were found to exhibit some degree of pressor activity. The above listing is in the order of their decreasing pressor effectiveness. The most active compound (I) manifested 1/100-1/200 and the least active agent (III) possessed < 1/5000 the activity of epinephrine.
1. Effect of Placental Extract on Mammary Glands of Male Guinea Pigs.

Although considerable work has been centered upon the influence of placental hormone upon secondary sexual characters in the female, particularly the rabbit and the guinea pig, little attention has been directed toward its possible effects upon those of the male. Hermann1 states briefly that he induced development of the mammary glands in the young male rabbit, through injection of the “active substance” of corpus luteum and of placenta, even to the extent of producing milk secretion, and he concludes that this activating substance is of powerful influence in the formation of specific sex characters. No evidence is offered, however, in support of his statements, nor are any particulars of the experiments given. Fellner2 reports in somewhat more detail 2 cases of a similar nature in young rabbits, in which a slight degree of hypertrophy was induced but, unlike Herrmann, he was unable to produce a secretion of milk.In connection with some work with the placental hormone, 4 adult guinea pigs were castrated a...
Rethinking Risk: Prospect Theory Application in Health Message Framing Research

Although prospect theory conceptualizes risk as uncertainty, health message framing research based on the theory typically conceptualizes risk as severity. This study reports the results of two experiments designed to explore these alternative conceptualizations of risk and their effect on health decision making. Participants (N1 = 768, N2 = 532) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions that presented a hypothetical scenario of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outbreak. The conditions were defined by message prompt (deadly vs. easily curable STD) and response option frame (gain vs. loss). Participants selected which of two programs (certain outcome vs. uncertain outcome) they would prefer to combat the outbreak. Across both experiments, participants expressed strong preferences for certain (low risk) outcomes in the gain-framed conditions and no preferences in the loss-framed conditions. These differences held regardless of the consequence severity of the scenario. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results and offer directions for future research.
Actual Manifestations of Academic-misconduct Literatures and Prevention Measures:Based on Analysis and Consideration of Academic-misconduct Literatures Published by “Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi”during 2010~2012

Using the academic-misconduct literatures published by "Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi"during 2010 ~ 2012 as the studied objects,the author deeply analyzed their statistical results,sought the reasons for the generation of academic-misconduct literatures from the view points of editorial department and writer,and put forward several pointed countermeasures and suggestions.
A Number of Technical Problems Lying in Present Flue Gas Desulfurizing Processes

A number of problems concerning serious situations produced by SO_2 emission from flue gas,new pollutions arisen during wet calcium-based gas desulfurizing process,possibility of canceling gas-gas heater(GGH) from currently used desulfurizing system as well as corrosion prevention of relevant stacks are being analyzed,together with some suggestions proposed for dealing with above problems.
One case report of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis with atlantoaxial subluxation as the initial manifestation

Objective To explore the clinical features of systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis(SoJIA) with atlantoaxial subluxation as the initial manifestation.Methods The clinical data from one SoJIA patient with atlantoaxial subluxation as the initial manifestation were retrospectively analyzed.Results A 9-year-old boy presented the head and neck movement disorder as the first symptom,developed fever on the third day,then rapidly progressed on 23 rd day,with a sharp decline in red blood cell,platelet,and hemoglobin,blood coagulation dysfunction,and a large number of bilateral pulmonary exudation.Ultrasonography showed excess fluid in abdomen,chest,and pericardium.According to the 2001 version of the revised International College of Rheumatology standard,the diagnosis of SoJIA combined macrophage activation syndrome was confirmed.Then treated with hemoperfusion,filtration,and methylprednisolone combined with cyclosporine A,the disease was in remission.ConclusionFor children with spontaneous atlantoaxial subluxation accompanied by the systemic symptoms,with no obvious skeletal deformity or acute inflammation etc.,should be alerted to the consideration of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Measuring individual differences in responses to date‐rape vignettes using latent variable models

Vignette methodology can be a flexible and powerful way to examine individual differences in response to dangerous real-life scenarios. However, most studies underutilize the usefulness of such methodology by analyzing only one outcome, which limits the ability to track event-related changes (e.g., vacillation in risk perception). The current study was designed to illustrate the dynamic influence of risk perception on exit point from a date-rape vignette. Our primary goal was to provide an illustrative example of how to use latent variable models for vignette methodology, including latent growth curve modeling with piecewise slopes, as well as latent variable measurement models. Through the combination of a step-by-step exposition in this text and corresponding model syntax available electronically, we detail an alternative statistical "blueprint" to enhance future violence research efforts using vignette methodology. Aggr. Behav. 9999:1-14, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Renovascular hypertension from segmental renal artery stenosis: importance of segmental renal vein renin sampling.

AbstractWe report a case of severe hypertension in a girl with no evidence of parenchymal renal disease. Arteriography revealed segmental stenosis and a saccular aneurysm affecting a branch of the left renal artery. Segmental renal vein renin sampling demonstrated a markedly increased rate of renin secretion from the ischemic portion of the left kidney. Partial nephrectomy resulted in normalization of the blood pressure. The resected kidney showed striking hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and medial fibromuscular dysplasia as the etiology of the arterial stenosis. This case emphasizes the value of segmental renal vein sampling in the evaluation of pediatric hypertension and illustrates the high cure rate obtained by surgical correction.
Principles for Developing a Sound Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer System

The reform of intergovernmental fiscal transfer systems is arguably one of the most common, but often also one of the most challenging, components of fiscal decentralization reform. The policy challenge faced by the Government of Tanzania (and other countries pursuing reform of their intergovernmental transfer systems) is complicated by the fact that intergovernmental transfer schemes have a variety of different dimensions, thus offering many potential ways to structure the transfer system as a whole.
Irrational Attachment (Why We Love What We Own)

Ellen Langer’s early observation that people feel a false sense of connection to uncontrollable events has led to a long line of research, originating with Langer’s illusion of control and spanning a wide array of studies on the endowment effect, the IKEA effect, and the not-invented-here bias. Ellen Langer’s contributions to the study of irrational behavior and attachment have helped form the foundation of behavioral economics, inspiring researchers to this day.
Thin Film Growth in Nanostructured Materials

In this chapter we focus on the impact that reactive transport and surface kinetics have on the coating of nanostructured and high surface area materials. We cover a series of approximations, including line of sight, constant reaction probability, more complex non-self limited kinetics characteristic from chemical vapor deposition, and self-limited interactions typical from atomic layer deposition. Different criteria to achieve highly conformal growth inside nanostructured or high surface area materials are introduced.
Rise and fall of an electrical genius

The scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla was born in 1856 to Serbian parents living in the town of Smiljan, in what is now Croatia.
Internal Deployment of the Parfait Static Code Analysis Tool at Oracle

The term static code analysis is used these days to refer to tools that find bugs and/or security vulnerabilities in source or executable code by performing static analysis of the code. In the past years, several static code analysis tools have transitioned from a research environment onto production mode; examples include Coverity [1], SLAM [2]and Goanna [3]. Parfait was developed as a research project at Sun Microsystems Laboratories with the aim to look into precision and scalability of static bug-detection analyses over millions of lines of source code (MLOC). The Oracle acquisition of Sun brought Parfait into a new playground where, in the course of one year, a small team of researchers and students showed "value for money" against codebases from "legacy" Oracle. Key to this value proposition was not only showing that the tool reported real bugs of interest to developers, but also that there was a high hit rate of reports and that it scaled well, allowing for not only nightly integration but also incremental, commit-time integration. In this talk we summarise our experiences in the transitioning of Parfait from a research prototype at Oracle Labs, onto production mode at Oracle, as well as its deployment throughout the company, where it is used on a day-to-day basis by thousands of developers. We also elaborate on our recent experiences on extending Parfait to support the JavaTMlanguage, for the purposes of detecting vulnerabilities in the Java Platform.
Conclusion and Extensions

A system was proposed in this thesis for automatic segmentation, indexing and retrieval of audiovisual data based on multimodal media content analysis. The video stream was demultiplexed into different media types such as audio, image and caption. An index table was generated for each video clip by combining results from content analysis of these diverse media types. Structures for different video types were described, and models were built for each video type individually. This general modeling and structuring of video content parsing is very unique. It achieves more functions than existing approaches which normally adopt a single model with focus on the pictorial information alone.
Survey of guidelines and current practices for safe handling of antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs used in 24 countries.

PurposeA survey of guidelines and current practices was conducted to examine the safe handling procedures for antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs that are used in 24 countries including the Am...
The Amazing Potential of Technology to Level the Playing Field in Global Education

It's difficult to fathom that in our global interconnected world of information and technological advances, nearly a quarter of a billion children are not learning basic literacy and numeracy skill...
Overestimation of the classification accuracy of a biomarker for assessing heavy alcohol use.

Overestimation of the classification accuracy of a biomarker for assessing heavy alcohol use
Abciximab (ReoPro) Dosing Strategy for the Management of Acute Intraprocedural Thromboembolic Complications during Pipeline Flow Diversion Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms.

Background: Flow diversion with the Pipeline embolization device (PED) is an effective neuro­endovascular method and increasingly accepted for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Acute in situ thrombosis is a known complication of PED procedures. There is limited experience in the flow diversion literature on the use of abciximab (ReoPro) for the management of acute thrombus formation in PED cases. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively on patients who received intra-arterial (IA) ReoPro with or without subsequent intravenous (IV) infusion during PED flow diversion treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Results: A total of 30 cases in patients with a mean age of 56.7 years (range 36–84) and a mean aneurysm size of 8.6 mm (range 2–25) were identified to have intraprocedural thromboembolic complications during PED treatment. IA ReoPro was administered in all cases, with 20 cases receiving increments of 5-mg boluses and 10 cases receiving a 0.125 mg/kg IA bolus (half cardiac dosing). Complete or partial recanalization was achieved in 100% of the cases. IV ReoPro infusion at 0.125 μg/kg/min for 12 h was administered postprocedurally in 22 cases with a residual thrombus. Postprocedurally, 18 patients were transitioned from clopidogrel (Plavix) to prasugrel (Effient). The majority of the cases (23/30; 77%) were discharged home. Periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage was noted in 2 cases (7%) and radiographic infarct was noted in 4 cases (13%), with an overall mortality of 0% at the time of initial discharge. Clinical follow-up was available for 28/30 patients. The average duration of follow-up was 11.7 months, at which time 23/28 (82%) of the patients had a modified Rankin Scale score of 0. Conclusions: IA ReoPro administration is an effective and safe rescue strategy for the management of acute intraprocedural thromboembolic complications during PED treatment. Using a dosing strategy of either 5-mg increments or a 0.125 mg/kg IA bolus (half cardiac dosing) can provide high rates of recanalization with low rates of hemorrhagic complications and long-term morbidity.
Stop the Genocide! Save the Race: The Anti-abortion Movement Within the African American Community

This chapter begins with a group most unlike the black conservatives cultivated from the top down by Republican and conservative white elites-conservative black social movement activists. Chapter 4 focuses on the involvement of African Americans in the grassroots black anti-abortion movement. Prisock argues the key distinction of conservative African American social movement activists is their tendency to place themes such as racism and racial conspiracies more explicitly at the center of their discourse. It is also in the conservative social movement realm where there are significant differences in African American participation, such as the increased role of African American women in leadership positions.
Ablative Laser Facial Resurfacing

Use of the carbon dioxide and erbium lasers has become an increasingly more common method used to treat solar damage and rhytidosis. Compared to its predecessors, chemical peels and dermabrasion, ablative laser resurfacing offers improved precision with a decreased risk of complications. An understanding of the different lasers and the settings used for facial resurfacing is a vital component to their safe use. Complications are, in general, relatively minor and can be further minimized with a conservative approach. Non-ablative techniques for facial resurfacing are also important tools for facial rejuvenation that, as of yet, do not achieve the same quality of results as ablative lasers. However, they are associated with decreased recovery time and side effects.
Small-group Interaction and Gender

This field of study examines how people's social locations as men and women affect the patterns of behavior that organize their interaction in groups that are small enough to permit person-to-person contact among the members. Interaction is distinctively important for gender because men and women interact at a high rate. For cultural beliefs about the nature and social value of gender differences to persist, everyday interactions must be organized to support them. Social role, expectation states, structural identity, and two-cultures theories provide the dominant explanations for this process. Research findings suggest that the extent of gender differentiation in interaction varies systematically by context, is shaped by gender status beliefs, and suppressed by formally equivalent roles. Small group interaction is an arena in which the appearance of gender differences is continually constructed through power and status relations and by identity marking through supportive, socioemotional behaviors.
The Association of Anesthesia Clinical Directors (AACD) Glossary of Times Used for Scheduling and Monitoring of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

The Glossary of Times Used for Scheduling and Monitoring of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures also known as the Procedural Times Glossary (PTG) was originally developed with the support of the Association of Anesthesia Clinical Directors (AACD). The goal was to establish standardized terms to measure and assess the performance of operating room and procedural areas. By incorporating standardized concepts of efficiency and utilization, the PTG codified operating room metrics and facilitated benchmarking and quality improvement initiatives. In the last three decades, these concepts have also served as the basis for research in operating room management, including incorporating frameworks from diverse fields. The metrics in the PTG are divided into four categories: (1) Procedural Times; (2) Procedural and Scheduling Definitions and Time Periods; (3) Utilization and Efficiency Indices; and (4) Patient Categories. We describe each of the categories and corresponding metrics. The PTG provides the fundamental building blocks for managing operating and non-operating room suites. We hope that reintroducing these important time markers will help facilitate the reporting of standardized metrics.
Induction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 degradation by celecoxib and its derivative OSU-03012

3310 Background and Significance. Amplification or overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), present in 20 - 30% of human breast cancer, is associated with poor prognosis, frequent disease recurrence, and resistance to hormonal, cytotoxic, and radiation therapies. Consequently, targeting HER2 represents an important strategy for breast cancer therapy. In the course of our investigation of the effect of OSU-03012, a celecoxib-derived, COX-2-inactive phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) inhibitor, on sensitizing HER2-positive breast cancer cells to trastuzumab, we found that OSU-03012, and to a lesser extent, potentiated trastuzumab’s antiproliferative effect, in part, through the downregulation of HER2 expression. Here, we report that celecoxib and OSU-03012 facilitate HER2 endocytosis and degradation through PDK-1-dependent recruitment of NEDD4 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4). Methods: HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 human breast cancer cells were used in all assays. Drug effects on the expression level and/or subcellular location of HER2, NEDD4, and biomarkers of endosomes and lysosomes were analyzed by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry. Intracellular phosphatidylinostiol 3-phosphates (PI3P) synthesis was detected by immunocytochemistry using the GST-2xFYVE fusion protein. Results: Immunocytochemical evaluations showed that celecoxib, OSU-03012 and LY294002 (a PI3 kinase inhibitor) induced HER2 endocytosis. Nedd4, an E3 ligase for HER2 that is regulated by protein kinase Akt and Serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) activities, was activated by PI3K/PDK-1 inhibition. Co-immunoprecipitation data indicated that interaction between HER2 and the AP2 adaptor protein; AP50/μ2 was increased by OSU-03012. Evidences that OSU-03012-induced HER2 down-regulation involves autophagy include the co-localization of internalized HER2 with LAMP-2 positive autolysosomes and MDC positive vacuoles in celecoxib or OSU-03012-treated cells, as well as the attenuation of HER2 down-regulation by the autophagy inhibitors, balifomycin, folimycin and chloroquine. Moreover, OSU-03012- and celecoxib-induced reductions in cell viability, as determined by MTT assay, was also attenuated by chloroquine, suggesting a role for drug-induced autophagic down-regulation of HER2 in mediating the antiproliferative effects of these compounds in cancer cells. Conclusions: These data indicate that celecoxib and OSU-03012 induce ligand-independent HER2 endocytosis and autophagic degradation through a mechanism that involves PDK-1 pathway inhibition and PI3K activity. This study not only provides new mechanistic insight into the potential therapeutic benefits of celecoxib against HER2 positive breast cancer, but also into the roles of PI3K and PDK-1 pathways in HER2 regulation.
Radioactive Decay Computation with Dynamic Source Terms

AbstractThis technical note discusses radioactive decay computation with multiple source terms with heterogeneous introduction dates to the system. Two methods are considered: (1) decaying in sequence from the oldest dated source, ad finitium, to the final decay date and (2) decaying each source term to the final decay date and summing the resulting nuclides. We prove that radioactive decay computation using the prescribed two methods produces the same result. The algorithmic advantage of the second method over the first one is formally argued. The radioactive decay of 90Sr with multiple initial decay dates is given as an illustrative example.
Impacts of aging/freezing sequence on microstructure, protein degradation and physico-chemical properties of beef muscles.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of aging/freezing sequence on meat quality, oxidative stability and biochemical attributes of beef muscles. At 3 days postmortem, Longissimus lumborum and Semitendinosus muscles were obtained from 10 beef carcasses, cut into 3 sections and vacuum-packaged. The sections were randomly assigned to aging/freezing treatments (aging only, aging then freezing/thawing, and freezing then thaw/aging). Freezing first then-thaw/aging showed more enlarged gaps between muscle fibers and widely opened extracellular drip channels, resulting in more purge/exudate loss compared to other treatments (P .05). A greater desmin degradation was observed in both freezing treatments, while troponin-T degradation was not affected (P > .05). The results suggest that freezing (and aging) itself would be the critical factor affecting those quality attributes of frozen/thawed meat rather than the sequence of aging/freezing.
The Meritocratic Ascendance of Cast Iron: from Magic to Virtual Cast Iron

Unlike in a democracy where selection criteria serve the concept of political equality between the members of the category, meritocracy means equality of opportunity rather than outcome. The US economy was built on meritocratic principles. The world of sports is meritocratic, as building a winning culture is crucial, and so is the world of materials. Cast iron, a material with impressive longevity going back to at least the 5th century BC, survived in the materials competition based on merit. A review of these merits is one of the objectives of this lecture. However, as developing the material properties that kept cast iron competitive is rooted in knowledge, a short escapade in the history of knowledge pertinent to cast iron will also be attempted. The US iron casting production has continuously decreased since 1990. A discussion of the effect of generation and transfer of knowledge and of ill-advised and debatable environmental constrains is provided.
Prevalence and correlates of diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension in the indigenous Kuna population of Panamá.

To determine the prevalence of hypertension and investigate sociodemographic correlates in an indigenous Kuna community living on the San Blas islands of Panama. Data was collected from adults using a paper-based survey using a cross sectional study design. Blood pressure was measured, and hypertension defined at two cut-points: 130/80 mmHg and 140/90 mmHg. Individuals with undiagnosed hypertension had a blood pressure measurement that indicated hypertension, however, the individual had not been told by a doctor they had hypertension. Whereas individuals with diagnosed hypertension had been told by a healthcare provider that they had hypertension. Univariate tests compared diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension by sociodemographic categories and logistic regression models tested individual correlates adjusting for all sociodemographic factors. Two hundred and eleven adult indigenous Kuna participated in the study. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 6.2% (95%CI:3.32–10.30) as defined by 140/90 mmHg, and 16.6% (95%CI:11.83–22.31) as defined by 130/80 mmHg. Hypertension was significantly higher in men (31.6, 95% CI:19.90–45.24, compared to 11.0, 95% CI:6.56–17.09). Individuals with low income were 3 times more likely to be hypertensive (OR = 3.13, 95% CI:1.02–9.60) and 3.5 times more likely to have undiagnosed hypertension (OR = 3.42, 95% CI:1.01–11.52); while those with moderate income were 6 times more likely to be hypertensive (OR = 7.37, 95% CI:1.76–30.90) compared to those who were poor. The prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension is higher in men and those with higher income. Investigating these factors remains vitally important in helping improve the health of the Kuna through targeted interventions to address chronic disease.
Microwave Dielectric Properties and Targeted Heating of Polypropylene Nano-Composites Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Black

Abstract The complex dielectric constants of three polypropylene (PP) composite samples were measured at microwave frequency ranges of X (8.2–12.4 GHz) and Ka band (26.5–40 GHz), and as a function of filler content. Three types of carbon filler materials – pristine multiwall carbon nanotubes (p-CNTs), functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs), and carbon black (p-CB) were investigated. Attenuation constant for each composite was calculated, based on its measured complex dielectric constant, to highlight the importance of studying frequency dependent performance of composite materials for microwave heating. Most of the reported works for polymer composite heating using microwave power, have been conducted using commercial microwave ovens operating at 2.45 GHz. The results of this investigation for the CNT-composite samples indicate the importance of frequency optimization for creating maximum heat generation. The composite samples were also irradiated using low-power microwave energy at 2.6, 10 and 28 GHz and using a thermographic camera their relative capabilities for producing heat was investigated. The heating results corroborated those of the dielectric property measurements.
Building Family Caregiver Skills Using a Simulation-Based Intervention: A Randomized Pilot Trial

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and fidelity of a psychoeducational intervention to improve family caregiver technical and communication skills using structured simulations. Sample & setting 18 family caregivers of adult patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer at University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Methods & variables A two-group, randomized pilot trial design was used. The intervention consisted of four one-on-one sessions between the caregiver and nurse interventionist during the patient's first, second, fourth, and sixth week of radiation treatment. Participants completed measures of self-efficacy for caregiving, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life at baseline, during the fifth week of radiation therapy, and four weeks after radiation therapy. Results 4 of the 9 caregiver participants completed the intervention. Improvements in scores for the intervention group were noted for self-efficacy, global mental health, anxiety, and depression. Implications for nursing Refinement of the intervention is needed to improve feasibility. Although a caregiver intervention that incorporates simulation for skills training is acceptable and safe, flexibility in protocol is needed.
Marketing Inclusion: A Social Justice Project for Diversity Education:

Challenges related to marketplace diversity present an opportunity to prepare students to successfully engage with diversity through innovative curricular approaches. The present research develops ...
Improving Compressive Strength of Cement Concrete Mix by Using M-Sand and Bamboo Fiber

In the current world, concrete has become a very important part of the construction industry and the materials which are used in making concrete have evolved due to better quality of cement and better grade of coarse aggregates. The sand is an important part of concrete. It is mainly procured from natural sources. Thus the grade of sand is not under our control. The concrete cubes of M-20, M-25 & M-30 grade were threw in this trial explore work and tried to analyze different properties of concrete like compressive quality, workability. In this study M-sand is considered as a replacement of natural sand by 50, 70 & 90% by weight of sand in concrete design mix with 1% Bamboo fiber streams as an admixture. This study is carried out at the age of 7 and 28 days. In this work, the general properties of fresh and hardened concrete were tried and the outcomes were dissected. As concrete is a central material for the construction industry. In any case, in the present period where development is expanding quickly and development rate is coming to their statures, it is contrarily affecting our condition as well. So it is vital to utilize some optional materials as a part of concrete to minimize the cost, and to enhance the properties of concrete for better stability of the structures.