cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trisomy 22-A new abnormality found in acute leukemia characterized by eosinophilia and monocytoid blasts expressing immature differentiation antigens

Abstract Bone marrow cells from three patients with acute myeloid leukemia, with marrow eosinophilia and monocytoid blasts, showed a new nonrandom chromosomal abnormality, trisomy 22. In two patients the classification of leukemia was M4 and in the third patient M2 (FAB classification). Pretreatment bone marrows in these patients revealed 31%, 30%, and 4% eosinophils, respectively. Blast cells isolated from peripheral blood were Ia-positive and expressed immature monocyte lineage antigens (U26, U28, U48) in 26%–92% of cells. All three patients had a population of bone marrow cells characterized by an extra chromosome #22. One patient also had inversion of chromosome #16. Trisomy 22, bone marrow eosinophilia, and monocytoid blasts displaying early monocyte differentiation antigens may represent a new subgroup of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Preferential low-pH dissolution of pyroxene in plagioclase–pyroxene mixtures: Implications for martian surface materials

Abstract Acid weathering of plagioclase–pyroxene mixtures has been investigated with an open system kinetic dissolution model. The modeling reveals that elevated plagioclase/pyroxene ratios observed in some low-albedo martian regions and atmospheric dust could be partially caused by preferential dissolution of pyroxenes at pHs below ∼3–4. Surface materials with smaller grain sizes, affected by lower pH fluids, and/or exposed to longer durations of acid weathering would be enriched in plagioclase. If preferential dissolution is responsible for the observed mineral ratios, the dissolution process likely occurred on a large scale, such as weathering by acid atmospheric precipitates. If dissolution was continuous, modeled timeframes required to produce a high plagioclase/pyroxene ratio are short on geologic timescales; however, it is likely that acid weathering on Mars was episodic, possibly occurring over a longer period of time.
The estimation of reliability when several trials are available.

In certain types of experiment it frequently happens that we have a block of data consisting of several trials on the same individuals. Using the methods of estimation provided by the analysis of variance, estimates of reliability are derived for this case, and the conditions under which each is valid are discussed. Various relations between these estimates and the product-moment coefficient of correlation are obtained.
“Do You Know Your Real Parents?” and Other Adoption Microaggressions

ABSTRACTMyths, fairy tales, films, books, and everyday communication contain images and stories of orphans and adoptees that convey societal discomfort and judgment about adoption (i.e., adoption stigma). In this article, I apply the microaggression model to adoption-related experiences using the literature and theory on adoption stigma. Definitions for adoption-related microaggressions (microassaults, microinvalidations, and microinsults) and a fourth type of microaggression called microfictions (i.e., shared and hidden narratives that contribute to and define the secrecy in adoption) are introduced. Thirteen themes for adoption microaggressions and examples for each are proposed.
Tunable electrically small UHF PIFA-as-a-package

A tunable electrically small PIFA-as-a-package antenna for miniature wireless device applications has been developed using conventional printed circuit board processing techniques and commercial-off-the-shelf surface mount switches. The design is scalable to any frequency and form factor, while enabling adaptive tuning of the characteristically narrow band resonance of electrically small antennas. Our UHF prototype measures less than 2" (.08/spl lambda/) on its longest side and provides approximately -9 dBi of gain from 419-472 MHz. Simulated and measured results will be discussed in the presentation.
Anglerfish islets contain NPY immunoreactive nerves and produce the NPY analog aPY.

Abstract It has recently been demonstrated that aPY, a peptide which has significant homology with neuropeptide Y (NPY) is present in extracts of anglerfish islets. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cells or nerves which contain NPY-like immunoreactivity could be identified in anglerfish islet tissue and whether aPY is synthesized by this tissue. Antisera against bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), NPY and the 200 kd neurofilament polypeptide were used for immunohistochemical analysis of islets. Identical cells were stained by both the NPY and BPP antisera. The NPY and 200 kd neurofilament antisera also labeled nerve fibers in the tissue which were not stained with the BPP antiserum. The nature of the NPY-like peptide synthesized in islet cells was determined by subjecting differentially radioactively labeled Mr 2,500–8,000 peptides from islet extracts to reverse phase HPLC. Labeled aPY was unequivocally identified in the extracts and was labeled appropriately (as predicted from its sequence) with 13 different radioactive amino acids. These results demonstrate that one form of NPY-like peptide synthesized in anglerfish islets is aPY. The form of NPY-like peptide which was immunolocalized in nerves remains to be determined.
Numerical modeling of nasal obstruction and endoscopic surgical intervention: outcome to airflow and olfaction.

BackgroundMechanical obstruction of odorant flow to the olfactory neuroepithelium may be a primary cause of olfactory loss in nasal-sinus disease patients. Surgical removal of nasal obstruction may...
A note on a theorem of arhangel'skiǐ

Abstract Arhangel'skiǐ proved that the Continuum Hypothesis implies that if a regular space X is hereditarily of pointwise countable type then the set of points as which the character of X is countable is a dense subset of X . In this note we prove this theorem without the use of the Continuum Hypothesis.
Ultrasound-guided foreign body localization and removal using a finder needle

The localization and removal of a superficial foreign body is a common challenge that emergency physicians encounter. The use of ultrasonography to detect superficial foreign bodies has been well documented, but with varying success. This case report demonstrates the use of a finder needle, placed under ultrasound-guidance, to assist in the localization and removal of a glass foreign body that could not be identified after extensive wound exploration alone.
Effluent-induced interpopulation variation in the thermal tolerance of Physa virgata Gould

Abstract 1. 1. Seasonal variation and acclimation of thermal tolerance limits were investigated in two partially isolated populations of the common fresh water pulmonate snail Physa virgata Gould from Lake Arlington in North Central Texas, one of which occurs in an area receiving heated effluent from a steam-electric power plant. 2. 2. In both populations summer-conditioned specimens had thermal tolerance limits 8.4°C higher than winter-conditioned specimens. 3. 3. Specimens of P. virgata from the area receiving heated effluent had significantly higher mean heat coma temperatures than snails from the unaffected area after 2 weeks laboratory acclimation to 10, 20 and 30°C. 4. 4. The possible occurrence of thermal effluent-induced “physiological race” formation in P. virgata is discussed in regard to the effects of thermal pollution on freshwater invertebrates.
Pathophysiology of fescue toxicosis

Abstract The pathophysiology of fescue toxicosis is discussed relative to observed symptoms and the inhibition of animal production (average daily gain and decreased reproductive efficiency). Hyperthermia, vasoconstriction and perhaps increased activity of hepatic mixed-function oxidases are important effects. Perhaps secondarily intake is reduced by the above mechanisms and possibly by unpalatability factors. The decreased milk yield is considered a function of decreased intake and suppressed prolactin secretion. Evidence is discussed that corpora lutea in cattle are morphologically altered and consequently may not support a pregnancy. The effect of endophyte presence upon the outcome of pregnancy in the mare is considered a function of an alteration in placental function as a result of vasoconstriction.
Selective use of intraoperative sentinel lymph node pathological evaluation in breast cancer

Abstract Background In breast cancer staging, the need for intraoperative sentinel lymph (SLN) evaluation is not well established. This study compares intraoperative use of touch preparation (TP), frozen section (FS), and factors that may influence the selective use of intraoperative SLN analysis. Methods Breast cancer patients (1998–2007) undergoing SLN evaluation were retrospectively reviewed. Results Of 205 SLN procedures, 157 cases underwent intraoperative evaluation, 43% (FS) and 57% (TP) with positive pathology in 21% and 20%, respectively. The false negative case rate was 16% for TP versus 12% for FS. Of T1, low-grade tumors, 9% were intraoperatively positive, versus 43% of T2–3, moderate- to high-grade tumors ( P = .006). Additional positive axillary nodes were found in 43% of the higher risk patients versus 0% in the lower risk groups. Conclusions Both TP and FS are accurate for intraoperative SLN evaluation and can be selectively applied to breast cancer staging in low- and high-risk groups.
Protonation of metalmetal bonds in heterobimetallic compounds linked by a heterodifunctional ligand

Abstract Addition of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to the heterobimetallic compounds (CO) 4 ReMo(CO) 3 [η 5 -C 5 H 4 P (C 6 H 4 - p -CH 3 ) 2 ] (I) and (CO) 4 MnMo(CO) 3 [η 5 -C 5 H 4 P (C 6 H 4 - p -CH 3 ) 2 ] (II) results in protonation of the metalmetal bond to give cationic compounds with bridging hydrides (III and IV). Deprotonation of III and IV with triethylamine regenerates I and II in high yield.
A TEST OF BURCK'S HYPOTHESIS RELATING ANTHER DEHISCENCE TO NECTAR SECRETION

SUMMARY William Burck in 1906/07 suggested that anther dehiscence in many flowers results from loss of considerable amounts of water not by transpiration, as commonly believed, but rather by withdrawal of the water internally to other tissues, particularly nectaries. Tests on flowers of eight dicotyledons failed to provide confirmatory evidence for Burck's conclusions. A number of additional, largely theoretical objections to Burck's hypothesis are also presented. Experimental evidence also suggests that anther dehiscence may not be exclusively the simple desiccatory process generally envisioned by botanists.
Analysis of drosophila mRNA by in situ hybridization: Sequences transcribed in normal and heat shocked cultured cells

Abstract Messenger RNA transcribed in cultured Drosophila cells adapted for growth under conditions permitting labeling to high specific activity has been analyzed by the technique of in situ hybridization. Poly(A)-containing cytoplasmic RNA binds specifically and reproducibly to about 50 bands in the salivary gland polytene chromosomes. In addition, heavy labeling of the β-heterochromatin associated with each of the chromosome arms is observed. The species which are detected probably belong to the more abundant classes of RNA. When the cultured Drosophila cells are subjected to heat shock immediately before labeling with 3 H-uridine, there is a drastic alteration in the pattern of gene transcription detected by in situ hybridization. Most of the mRNA synthesis which could be detected in the normal cell is shut off. Newly synthesized RNA hybridizes strongly to seven new sites which do not bind mRNA from control cells. The new loci correspond almost exactly to the regions of Drosophila polytene chromosomes which puff when intact larvae are subjected to an identical heat treatment.
Estimating the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome among nurses

The present study assessed the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in a sample of nurses. There is a paucity of studies on the prevalence of CFS in healthcare professionals. Two samples of nurses were recruited through mailed questionnaires. Data were collected on demographic characteristics and symptoms. In addition from the sample, those nurses with CFS-like symptoms were more comprehensively evaluated using a structured clinical interview and reviewing their medical records. A physician review team estimated the prevalence of CFS to be 1,088 per 100,000. These findings suggest that nurses might represent a high-risk group for this illness, possibly due to occupational stressors such as exposure to viruses in the work setting, stressful shift work that is disruptive to biologic rhythms, or to other possible stressors in the work settings (e.g., accidents).
QUESTIONING THE ASSUMED HOMOGENEITY OF THE BEHAVIOURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ACCOUNTING FIRMS: SOME EXPLORATORY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Abstract By not considering firm differences, past behavioural accounting research implicitly assumes that important differences do not exist among these firms. Based on a survey of staff auditors in the USA, this study identifies significant differences in the relationships between outcomes and antecedent processes across the major accounting firms. Future progress in understanding this work environment may depend upon challenging the assumed homogeneity among these organizations.
Effect of honeybee (apis mellifera) venom on the course of adjuvant-induced arthritis and depression of drug metabolism in the rat

The ability of honeybee venom to suppress Mycobacterium butyricum-induced arthritis was studied in Lewis rats. Bee venom, 2 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 24 days, suppressed but did not abolish the primary and secondary inflammatory responses to the adjuvant as monitored by decreases in the swelling of the left and right hind paws and adjuvant-induced arthritis on heme metabolism were also examined. Bee venom or adjuvant had no effect on hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase, porphyrin content, or ferrochelatase activity. However, with both treatments cytochrome P-450 and the associated enzymic activities of ethylmorphine N-demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase were depressed markedly. In contrast, both treatments caused several-fold enhancement of hepatic microsomal heme oxygenase activity. Adjuvant-treated rats receiving bee venom showed changes in heme metabolism which were of a magnitude similar to those observed when either agent was administered to the experimental animals. Although the bee venom appears to suppress adjuvant-induced arthritis to a greater extent in female than in male rats, the alterations in heme metabolism were similar in bee venom-treated male and female rats. The observed changes in heme metabolism elicited by the venom or by the adjuvant are strongly suggestive of perturbations of the immune system causing alterations in hepatic microsomal enzymes.
As the Planimeter's Wheel Turns: Planimeter Proofs for Calculus Class

(2007). As the Planimeter's Wheel Turns: Planimeter Proofs for Calculus Class. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 24-31.
Rotary hammer ultrasonic/sonic drill system

Subsurface sampling systems for future planetary robotic missions which include reliable methods of generating, acquiring, and delivering samples to a scientific instrument for analysis are of extreme importance to the success of future in situ and sample return missions. Operating at remote locations the sampler needs to deal with a variety of disparate rock sources while being essential to deliver samples in different forms and to accommodate the requirements of a wide range of scientific instruments. Existing highly efficient terrestrial drilling techniques have limited space applications due to their need for large axial forces and holding torques, high power consumption and inability to efficiently duty cycle, and the use of rigid handling platforms. This paper describes the work performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Honeybee Robotics for the development of a rotary percussive drill that uses an ultrasonic/sonic drill/corer as the hammering device integrated in a sampling system capable of automatic operation in a Mars environment.
The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers and Defenders of the Amazon

The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers and Defenders of the Amazon. Susana Hecht and Alexander Cockburn. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1990. 288 pp., appendices, glossaries, index. $12.00(paper). ISBN 0–06–097322–6.
SRG: A Digital Document-Enhanced Service Oriented Research Grid

We describe a new framework for building a system that consists of tools and services for supporting cyber infrastructure based scientific research. This system, called the semantic research grid (SRG), integrates a number of existing online research tools (social bookmarking, academic search, scientific databases, journal and conference content management systems) and aims to develop added-value community-building tools that leverage the semantic analysis of digital documents. We discuss the design, the overall architecture, and the implementation of SRG, and provide a roadmap of the future work in this project.
New Area Law in General Relativity

We report a new area law in general relativity. A future holographic screen is a hypersurface foliated by marginally trapped surfaces. We show that their area increases monotonically along the foliation. Future holographic screens can easily be found in collapsing stars and near a big crunch. Past holographic screens exist in any expanding universe and obey a similar theorem, yielding the first rigorous area law in big bang cosmology. Unlike event horizons, these objects can be identified at finite time and without reference to an asymptotic boundary. The Bousso bound is not used, but it naturally suggests a thermodynamic interpretation of our result.
Abstract C123: Pharmacogenomic analysis of patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme treated with capecitabine concurrent with radiation therapy: Gene expression profiles associated with clinical outcome

Purpose: Previous pharmacogenomic studies of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissues and xenograft models suggested that concurrent administration of capecitabine and radiation could be an effective new treatment modality for GBM. In the current study, toxicity and outcome to this treatment regimen was clinically investigated and the expression of genes previously associated with capecitabine and radiotherapy response were assessed with the ultimate goal of exploring gene expression‐based predictor models of patient outcome. Methods: Eighteen patients diagnosed with primary GBM received capecitabine at 625 mg/m 2 BID (escalating by 25%) concurrently with irradiation (60 Gy in 30 fractions) for 6 weeks followed by 4 weeks of capecitabine only. Following a one‐week hiatus, patients received maintenance capecitabine (1250 mg/m 2 BID) for 14 days every 3 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patient time‐to‐progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan and Meier method. Expression analysis of 94 genes involved in capecitabine metabolism and radiation response was performed on resected and biopsied GBM tissues obtained prior to therapy. The relationship between gene expression and outcome (TTP and OS) was investigated using a semi‐supervised statistical approach incorporating univariate Cox proportional hazards regression, semi‐supervised principle component analysis (SSPCA), and class prediction modeling. Results: The maximum tolerated dose of capecitabine was identified as 625 mg/m 2 BID, with no unexpected toxicities observed. Median patient TTP and OS were 247 and 367 days respectively. Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between the expression of 24 genes and TTP and/or OS (p Conclusions: Capecitabine and concurrent radiation for newly diagnosed GBM appears safe and well tolerated without unexpected toxicities. Assessment of patient TTP and OS suggests capecitabine radiotherapy is comparable to the currently accepted standard of care of concurrent temozolomide radiotherapy and warrants further clinical investigation. Importantly, these exploratory studies identified a gene expression profile predictive of patient outcome that may be useful in the future stratification of GBM patients for capecitabine therapy. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C123.
Information ethics in the design, creation and use of metadata

Just as information contains the explicit and implicit values of its creators, so does the metadata that represents these objects. This paper discusses issues of fair representation in the ethical design, creation and use of metadata, data about data. Ethical issues arise in the planned design of metadata, the creation of surrogates as representative of data or text, as well as in the use and ownership of the metadata in electronic environments.
Knowledge and Skill Requirements for Marketing Jobs in the 21st Century

This study examines the skills and conceptual knowledge that employers require for marketing positions at different levels ranging from entry- or lower-level jobs to middle- and senior-level positions. The data for this research are based on a content analysis of 500 marketing jobs posted on Monster.com for Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City, and Seattle. There were notable differences between the skills and conceptual knowledge required for entry-, lower-, middle-, and upper-level marketing jobs. Technical skills appear to be much more important at all levels than what was documented in earlier research. This study discusses the implications of these research findings for the professional school pedagogical model of marketing education.
The New Pastoral Development Paradigm: Engaging the Realities of Property Institutions and Livestock Mobility in Dryland Africa

The confluence of new understandings of dryland ecology and common property resource management has arguably led to a “new pastoral development paradigm”—a paradigm that incorporates a widespread acceptance of the importance of livestock mobility within the context of devolving greater rangeland management authority to local groups. Despite over a decade of interest and attention generated by this new paradigm, little progress has been achieved on the ground. A major premise of this article is that this impasse results from persistent conceptual difficulties surrounding the relationship between livestock mobility, nonequilibrium ecology, and common property institutions. These difficulties are best resolved through work grounded in the social and ecological realities of particular regions. The promise of such engagements is illustrated through case material from the annual grasslands of Sahelian region of West Africa. The policy implications resulting from a reconceptualization of the relationship between...
Cold flow mixing rate data for pulverized coal reactors

Mixing rates of particles and gases in confined, coaxial jets are reported for tests with conditions simulating those of pulverized coal gasification and combustion processes. Gas velocity, particle mass flux, and gas composition were measured at various radial and axial locations downstream of the primary jet exit plane. Effects of inlet velocity, density, injection angle, particle loading level, and particle size on the rates of mixing were determined. Increasing injection angle and secondary velocity significantly increased gas and particle mixing rates, while effects of other variables were much less significant. Dispersion of particles lagged that of the gas in all cases investigated.
Selective inhibition of ammonium oxidation and nitrification-linked N2O formation by methyl fluoride and dimethyl ether

Methyl fluoride (CH3F) and dimethyl ether (DME) inhibited nitrification in washed-cell suspensions of Nitrosomonas europaea and in a variety of oxygenated soils and sediments. Headspace additions of CH3F (10% [vol/vol]) and DME (25% [vol/vol]) fully inhibited NO2- and N2O production from NH4+ in incubations of N. europaea, while lower concentrations of these gases resulted in partial inhibition. Oxidation of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) by N. europaea and oxidation of NO2- by a Nitrobacter sp. were unaffected by CH3F or DME. In nitrifying soils, CH3F and DME inhibited N2O production. In field experiments with surface flux chambers and intact cores, CH3F reduced the release of N2O from soils to the atmosphere by 20- to 30-fold. Inhibition by CH3F also resulted in decreased NO3- + NO2- levels and increased NH4+ levels in soils. CH3F did not affect patterns of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia in cell suspensions of a nitrate-respiring bacterium, nor did it affect N2O metabolism in denitrifying soils. CH3F and DME will be useful in discriminating N2O production via nitrification and denitrification when both processes occur and in decoupling these processes by blocking NO2- and NO3- production.
Effects of diuresis on the characteristics of pleural fluid in patients with congestive heart failure.

Abstract purpose: The pleural fluid that accumulates secondary to congestive heart failure is almost always a transudate based upon its level of protein and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Previous work has suggested that the characteristics of the fluid may change into those of an exudate with diuresis. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether aggressive diuresis does result in this change in pleural fluid characteristics. patients and methods: Twelve patients with severe congestive heart failure (ejection fraction 23.9 ± 9.6%) and pleural effusions were studied serially as they underwent diuresis. After an initial thoracentesis was performed, the patients then underwent aggressive diuresis for 12 to 48 hours with one or two follow-up thoracenteses. results: The mean weight loss during the study period was 4.5 ± 2.8 kg. With diuresis the LDH level, LDH ratio, protein level, and protein ratio all increased significantly (p conclusion: From this study we conclude that it is uncommon for a transudative pleural effusion due to congestive heart failure to develop the characteristics of an exudative pleural effusion with rapid diuresis.
Potential improvement in the results of irradiation for prostate carcinoma using improved dose distribution

Results for radiation treatment of prostate carcinoma indicate that nearly one-third of Stage C patients fail locally. This number will likely increase as occult failures are discovered by monitoring serum prostate specific antigen levels. Thus, there is need for techniques that would increase the local control of prostatic carcinoma. Using cross-sectional imaging and 3-dimensional treatment planning, dose distributions for photon irradiation can be created that conform more closely to the shape of the prostate and seminal vesicles, sparing additional dose to portions of bladder and rectum. A dose escalation trial is underway to investigate whether these techniques will lead to increased local control without unacceptable increases in bladder and rectal complications. While zero local failures is probably an unattainable goal, reduction in local failure in prostate cancer would likely increase the overall cure rate in this disease.
Distribution, partitioning and fluxes of dissolved and particulate organic C, N and P in the eastern North Pacific and Southern Oceans

Concurrent distributions of dissolved and suspended particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC 4641 ), nitrogen (DON and PON 4641 ) and phosphorus (DOP and POP 4641 ), and of suspended particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP 4641 ), are presented for the open ocean water column. Samples were collected along a three-station transect from the upper continental slope to the abyssal plain in the eastern North Paci"c and from a single station in the Southern Ocean. The elemental composition of surface sedimentary organic matter (SOM) was also measured at each location, and sinking particulate organic matter (POM 4*/, ) was measured with moored sediment traps over a 110-d period at the abyssal site in the eastern North Paci"c only. In addition to elemental compositions, C : N, C : P and N : P ratios were also calculated. Surface and deep ocean concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients between the two sites displayed distinct di!erences, although suspended POM (POM 4641 ) concentrations were similar. Concentrations of DOM and POM 4641 displayed unique C, N and P distributions, with POM 4641 concentrations generally about 1}2 orders of magnitude less than the corresponding DOM concentrations. These di!erences were likely in#uenced by di!erent biogeochemical factors: whereas the dissolved constituents may have been in#uenced more by the physical regime of the study site, suspended particulate matter may have been controlled to a greater extent by biological and chemical alteration. Up to 80% of total particulate P in POM 4641 , POM 4*/, and SOM consisted of PIP. For all organic matter pools measured, elemental ratios reveal that organic P is preferentially remineralized over organic C and organic N at both sites. Increases in C : P and N : P ratios with depth were also observed for DOM at both sites, suggesting that DOP is also preferentially degraded over C and N as a function of depth. A simple one-dimensional vertical eddy di!usion model was
A Survey of Participant Expectations for Inservice in Education of the Gifted

This survey examines teacher response to techniques utilized in general education and gifted education inservice and staff development. Comments concerning teachers' needs, and most and least beneficial techniques for meeting those needs, were categorizod and the data were analyzed. Survey results indicate that teachers have a variety of expectations for inservice experience and their needs are varied due to differing experience and exposure in the field of gifted education. Results also indicate that inservices spanning a wide range of grade levels are not as helpful as those separated by grade levet or subject area. Therefore, it is recommended that a needs assessment be administered prior to planned inservice in order to assist school personnel and consultants in designing the inservice experience.
Post-transcriptional effects of interleukin-3, interferon-gamma, erythropoietin and butyrate on in vitro hemoglobin chain synthesis in congenital hemolytic anemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Various agents modulate hemoglobin synthesis. In vitro modulation of translation in hemoglobin chain synthesis was analysed in patients with congenital hemolytic anemia (n=32) and healthy controls (n=17). DESIGN AND METHODS: Enriched reticulocytes were co-incubated with (3)H-leucine and cytokines or butyrate. Reversed-phase chromatography enabled separation of alpha-, beta- and gamma-globin chains. Globin chain synthesis was calculated from measured (3)H-leucine incorporation. Transferrin, erythropoietin, interleukin-3 and interferon-gamma receptors were detected by flow cytometry. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) was used to demonstrate changes of RNA stability. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Interleukin-3, interferon-gamma and butyrate caused a significant 2-fold increase (range 1.8-2.4; p<0.01) of the alpha- and beta-chain synthesis in congenital hemolytic anaemias. Analysis of gamma-globin chain synthesis revealed a lower, i.e. 1.4 fold increase (range 1.32 to 1.41; p<0.03). The absolute amount of globin synthesis was calculated to be 2.9 x 10(-12) g/reticulocyte/24h. After incubation with interleukin-3 the absolute additional synthesis of the alpha-globin chain reached 1.31 x 10(-12) g/reticulocyte/24h, of the beta-globin chain, 1.15 x 10(-12) g/reticulocyte/24h and of the gamma-globin chain, 0.26 x 10(-12) g/reticulocyte/24h. Butyrate and interferon-gamma had no or even an inhibiting effect on reticulocytes from normal controls, while interleukin-3 stimulated alpha- and gamma-chain synthesis (1.4 and 2.4 fold, respectively; p<0.03) suggesting an increase of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Erythropoietin showed no stimulating influence. Membrane associated interleukin-3 receptors were detected in 0.78+/-0.14%, and interferon-gamma receptors in 0.1+/-0.015% of the red cells. Erythropoietin receptors were extremely rare (0.05+/-0.015%). The expression of transferrin receptors (CD71) correlated with the extent of globin chain stimulation. The alpha-, and beta-globin mRNA content of the reticulocytes after interleukin-3 incubation, as measured by RT-PCR, increased. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Hemoglobin chain synthesis could be modulated post-transcriptionally by interleukin-3, interferon-gamma and butyrate. Transferrin receptor and globin RNA stability might be involved in this phenomenon.
NURBS-Based Variational Modeling as a Tool for the Analysis of Geometric Tolerances

The purpose of this research is to investigate a computer-aided approach to tolerance analysis for assemblies and mechanisms. A CAD system which can generate NURBS surfaces is used to produce imperfect-form, variant models. A method is developed for simulating the mating of these imperfect-form components by formulating surface mating relationships as a nonlinear programming problem. Using this approach, tolerance analysis can be performed by generating a series of typical component variants, simulating the positioning of these imperfect-form components then measuring geometric attributes of the assembly or mechanism which correspond to functionality.
Culture and Challenges in Jordan

Through this article I will present a description of the cultural origin in Jordan and provide a historical overview of had a prominent role in the impact on individuals and communities and wellbeing. As well as to identify their culture, and define the roles and rules that have contributed in the formulation of a general culture of the community. And will touch to talk about some of the obstacles facing individuals have increased in many times the rate of migration and escape to other cultures and societies.
Microwave Detection of H 18 2 O

Laboratory detection of a microwave absorption in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{18}$O near 5.33 cm is reported. This observed signal has been assigned to a pure rotational transition between the ${6}_{16}$ and ${5}_{23}$ levels in the ground vibrational state of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{18}$O. Signals from these same two rotational levels for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{16}$O have been detected in emission from several sources in the galaxy.
Disinfection Quality of Tableware in Catering Units of Qiaodong District of Xingtai City during 2006-2009

[Objective]To understand the hygiene and disinfection status of tableware in catering units of Qiaodong District,so as to protect the health of consumers.[Methods]Determination of coliform bacteria was based on "Disinfection Dtandards for tableware"(GB14934-1994).The results were statistically analyzed.[Results]Tableware disinfection pass rate of large and medium-sized catering units e(92.2%) was better than that of small-sized catering units(86.5%),the difference was significant(P0.01);tableware disinfection passing rate in winter and spring(92.1%) was better than that in summer and autumn(87.3%),the difference was significant(P0.01);tableware disinfection passing rate of B-class restaurants(95.0%) was obviously better than that of the C-class restaurant(86.4%),the difference was significant(P0.01).[Conclusion]The quality of tableware disinfection is not satisfactory in catering units of Qiaodong District.It is necessary to strengthen the hygienic supervision and management,to conduct regular sampling,and to further improve the hygienic situation of catering industry,so as to ensure food safety.
Preweaning growth traits for Senepol, Hereford, and reciprocal crossbred calves and feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steers.

We conducted a multiyear study in two phases to determine preweaning performance traits of Senepol (S x S), Hereford (H x H), and reciprocal (S x H and H x S) F1 crossbred calves and feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steers. In Phase I, from 1985 to 1989, data from S x S (n = 194), H x H (n = 383), and S x H (n = 120) calves were used. Numbers of S x S cows were increased during Phase I so that data from H x S (n = 74) calves could be included in Phase II (1990 to 1992) in addition to S x S (n = 118), H x H (n = 130), and S x H (n = 56) calves. Also during Phase II, feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were determined for S x S (n = 30), H x H (n = 26), H x S (n = 36), and S x H (n = 26) steers. In Phase I, S x S calves had heavier (P .10). In phase II, direct heterosis was 3.5% for birth weight (P .10) for USDA yield and quality grades, and direct heterosis was not significant for Warner-Bratzler shear force. These results demonstrate significant levels of heterosis in preweaning performance between S x S and H x H calves and in feedlot performance of steers. Levels of heterosis were smaller and nonsignificant for most carcass traits including meat tenderness, which did not differ between S x S and H x H steers in this study.
The Molecular Pathogenesis of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancer

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that induce hyperproliferative lesions in epithelial tissues (Howley, 1996). More than 100 different types of HPV have been identified and each of these exhibits greater than 10% difference at the nucleotide level in the LI capsid coding sequence (Meyers et al., 1996; zur Hausen, 2002). These HPV types infect a range of epithelial tissues. For instance, HPV 1 infects epithelial tissues on the soles of feet while HPV types 2, 4 and 7 infect cutaneous epithelia to induce common hand warts. The most well characterized HPV types, however, are those that infect genital epithelia, and these can be sub-grouped based on their association with cervical and other anogenital cancers. “High-risk” HPV types such as HPV 16, 18, 31, and 45 induce lesions that can lead to cancer, while “low-risk” types such as HPV 6 and 11 induce benign lesions that rarely progress (zur Hausen, 2002; Howley, 1996).
Naloxone-induced mood and physiologic changes in normal volunteers

Given the possibility that endorphins may have a role in the regulation of mood and perception, perhaps as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators (Goldstein, 1976; Hughes and Kosterlitz, 1977), we thought it useful to investigate the effects of naloxone administered to normal volunteer subjects. The relatively few studies of naloxone in normal volunteers focus on very specialized areas such as pain relief (Goldstein and Hilgard, 1976; Grevert and Goldstein, 1977), sexual behavior (Goldstein, 1977), respiratory function (Sadove, 1963), or have given small, intramuscular doses (Wang et al. 1974). Most of the older data on naloxone effects on mood and subjective symptoms come from populations of formerly opiate dependent individuals, surgical patients and so on (Jasinski et al. 1965; Fink et al. 1968). In the few instances where naloxone was noted to have subjective or physiological effects, it was assumed to be a consequence of protracted opiate abstinence.
The Effectiveness of Telepsychiatry-Based Culturally Sensitive Collaborative Treatment for Depressed Chinese American Immigrants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective This study evaluates the effectiveness of a telepsychiatry-based culturally sensitive collaborative treatment (T-CSCT) intervention to improve treatment outcomes for depressed Chinese American immigrants. Methods Participants were Chinese Americans recruited from primary care settings from February 1, 2009, to July 31, 2012, with DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) identified by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Eligible patients were randomized to receive either T-CSCT or treatment as usual (TAU) for 6 months. T-CSCT involves (1) cultural consultation via videoconference and (2) care management. The primary outcome measure was the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS₁₇); positive response was defined as a ≥ 50% decrease in HDRS₁₇ score, and remission was defined as HDRS₁₇ score ≤ 7. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I) scales and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q). Outcomes were compared using multivariate logistic regression and mixed-model for repeated measures methods. Results Among participants (N = 190), 63% were female, and the mean (SD) age was 50 (14.5) years. They were randomized to T-CSCT (n = 97; 51%) or TAU (n = 93; 49%). Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, the odds of achieving response and remission were significantly greater for the T-CSCT group compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9 [95% CI, 1.9 to 7.8] and 4.4 [95% CI, 1.9 to 9.9], respectively). Multivariate general linear model analyses showed that patients in the T-CSCT group had significantly greater improvement over time in HDRS₁₇ (F4,95 = 4.59, P = .002), CGI-S (F4,95 = 4.22, P = .003), and CGI-I (F4,95 = 2.95, P = .02) scores. Conclusions T-CSCT is effective in improving treatment outcomes of Chinese immigrants with MDD. Trial registration ClincialTrials.gov identifier: NCT00854542.
Picloram Uptake, Translocation, and Efficacy in Relation to Water Status of Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens)'

Picloram uptake, translocation, and efficacy were studied using greenhouse-grown Russian knapweed plants. Uptake of 14C-picloram, applied as discrete droplets to adaxial leaf surfaces of well-watered plants, averaged less than 10% of that applied. Most uptake occurred within 30 min of application. Uptake increased linearly with external picloram concentrations from 6.2 to 74.5 mM and was pro- portional to picloram concentration. Only about 10% of absorbed picloram was translocated out of the treated leaf of well-watered plants within 96 h, with approximately equal acropetal and basipetal translocation. Water stress before, at the time of, and after picloram application did not affect picloram uptake, but reduced total translocation and in- creased the relative amount translocated basipetally. Water stress also reduced picloram efficacy. Although Silwett L-77 increased picloram uptake into Russian knapweed leaves, it did not increase efficacy under water stress conditions. No- menclature: Picloram, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine- carboxylic acid; Russian knapweed, Acroptilon repens L. #3
Hydroxyapatite coatings for metallic implants

Abstract Hydroxyapatite [HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is the most widely used calcium phosphate bioceramic for coatings of metal prostheses because of its osteogenic property and ability to form strong bonds with the host bone tissues. There are many methods available for making the HAp coating. Crystallinity, phase composition, and the mechanical properties of the HAp coating can vary depending on the coating process and process parameters. Results from many clinical studies are available showing variable outcomes. The significance of HAp coating for orthopedic application in related to strong interface formation with the natural bone, different coating techniques along with the pros and cons of each method, and the outcomes from different clinical studies are the focus of this chapter.
Working memory in school-age children with and without a persistent speech sound disorder.

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to explore the role of working memory processes as a possible cognitive underpinning of persistent speech sound disorders (SSD).Method: Forty school-aged children were enrolled; 20 children with persistent SSD (P-SSD) and 20 typically developing children. Children participated in three working memory tasks – one to target each of the components in Baddeley’s working memory model: phonological loop, visual spatial sketchpad and central executive.Result: Children with P-SSD performed poorly only on the phonological loop tasks compared to their typically developing age-matched peers. However, mediation analyses revealed that the relation between working memory and a P-SSD was reliant upon nonverbal intelligence.Conclusion: These results suggest that co-morbid low-average nonverbal intelligence are linked to poor working memory in children with P-SSD. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Aortic Root Surgery in Marfan Syndrome: Medium-Term Outcome in a Single-Center Experience.

Background The study aim was to analyze the authors' experience with aortic root surgery in Marfan syndrome (MFS), and to expand the surgical outcome data of patients meeting the Ghent criteria (Marfan registry). Methods Analyses were performed of data acquired from MFS patients (who met the Ghent criteria), including an aortic root surgery and Kaplan-Meier survival. Results Between April 2004 and February 2012, a total of 59 MFS patients (mean age at surgery 36 ± 13 years) underwent 67 operations for aortic root aneurysm (n = 52), aortic valve (AV) regurgitation (n = 15), acute aortic dissection (n = 2), and/or mitral valve (MV) regurgitation resulting from MV prolapse (n = 7). Of 59 initial operations, 21 (36%) involved AV-replacing root surgery, 38 (64%) AV-sparing root surgery, seven (12%) aortic arch or hemi-arch repair, and five (8%) simultaneous MV surgery. There were no early mortalities. The mean follow up was 6.8 ± 1.2 years, with five deaths (8%) and a relatively low reoperation rate (10 reoperations in nine patients; 14%). Seven reoperations involved AV or aortic root surgery (including four for AV regurgitation following failed AV-sparing surgery), two MV repair/replacements, and one coronary artery bypass graft. Eight patients (21%) with AV-sparing surgery had moderate/severe AV regurgitation at the last follow up before re-intervention. The mean five-year freedom from postoperative death was 91.2 ± 8.8%, from cardiac reoperation 86.3 ± 4.5%, and more-than-moderate AV regurgitation 90.3 ± 4.8%. Conclusions Prophylactic aortic surgery in MFS patients with AV-replacing root or AV-sparing root surgery carries a low risk of operative morbidity and death when performed at an experienced center. AV-sparing root surgery increases the risk of AV regurgitation and, possibly, of re-intervention. Regular clinical follow up is important after any aortic root surgery in MFS patients, with a delineation of risk factors for AV regurgitation after AV rootsparing surgery.
Automated cross-platform inconsistency detection for mobile apps

Testing of Android apps is particularly challenging due to the fragmentation of the Android ecosystem in terms of both devices and operating system versions. Developers must in fact ensure not only that their apps behave as expected, but also that the apps' behavior is consistent across platforms. To support this task, we propose DiffDroid, a new technique that helps developers automatically find cross-platform inconsistencies (CPIs) in mobile apps. DiffDroid combines input generation and differential testing to compare the behavior of an app on different platforms and identify possible inconsistencies. Given an app, DiffDroid (1) generates test inputs for the app, (2) runs the app with these inputs on a reference device and builds a model of the app behavior, (3) runs the app with the same inputs on a set of other devices, and (4) compares the behavior of the app on these different devices with the model of its behavior on the reference device. We implemented DiFFDRoiD and performed an evaluation of our approach on 5 benchmarks and over 130 platforms. our results show that DiFFDRoiD can identify CPis on real apps efficiently and with a limited number of false positives. DiFFDRoiD and our experimental infrastructure are publicly available.