cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cellular and molecular characterization of oxidative stress in olfactory epithelium of Harlequin mutant mouse.

Oxidative stress in the olfactory system is a major factor associated with age-related olfactory impairment, although the mechanisms by which this occurs are not completely understood. The Harlequin mutant mouse (Hq/Y), which carries an X-linked recessive mutation in the Aifm1 gene, is a model of progressive oxidative stress–induced neurodegeneration in the cerebellum and retina. To determine whether the Hq/Y mutant mouse is a suitable model of oxidative stress–associated olfactory aging, we investigated cellular and molecular changes in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and olfactory bulb (OB) of 6-month-old male Hq/Y mice compared to those in sex-matched littermate controls (+/Y) and in age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 mice. Immunoreactivity for apoptosis-inducing factor, the protein product of Aifm1, was localized in mature olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs) in +/Y mice but was rarely detected in Hq/Y mice. Hq/Y mice also exhibited increased lipofuscin autofluorescence and increased immunoreactivity for an oxidative DNA/RNA damage marker in mOSNs and in mitral/tufted cells in the OB and an increased number of cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactive apoptotic cells in the OE. Microarray analysis demonstrated that Aifm1 expression was down-regulated by 80% in the OE of Hq/Y mice compared to that in +/Y mice. Most significantly, regulated genes were classified into functional categories of cell signaling/apoptosis/cell cycle, oxidative stress/aging, and cytoskeleton/extracellular matrix/transport-associated. Analysis with EASE software indicated that the functional categories significantly overrepresented in Hq/Y mice included up-regulated mitochondrial genes and down-regulated cytoskeletal organization- and neurogenesis-related genes. Our results strongly support the Hq/Y mutant mouse being a novel model for mechanistic studies of oxidative stress–associated olfactory aging. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
History- and temperature-dependent yield phenomena of polycarbonate related to its rate of physical ageing

Abstract The yield force (or stress) of polycarbonate in simple extension was studied to determine its dependence on deformation history, including the stretching rate, and temperature. At different temperatures, the stretching of a specimen at a constant rate was interrupted both before yielding and during cold drawing to allow the occurrence of stress relaxation and the accompanying physical ageing (hardening). When a test was resumed, progressive erasure of ageing occurred, leading to a yield force whose value compared to that obtained by continuous stretching can be explained qualitatively in terms of the rate of physical ageing, determined earlier at an extension of 2.6% over a wide temperature range. In addition, the present data support the conclusion reached previously that physical ageing occurs during stress relaxation at a fixed deformation. Also determined were the yield and drawing stresses and the yield strain from −90 to 100°C.
ASTRO RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP: APOPTOSIS AS A PREDICTOR OF TUMOR RESPONSE TO RADIATION IN STAGE IB CERVICAL CARCINOMA

Purpose : Levels of apoptosis predict for tumor responsiveness to radiation in various animal systems. To investigate the potential role of apoptosis as a predictor of response in human tumors, a retrospective review was undertaken of patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix whose primary lesion at presentation measured at least 4 cm and who underwent definitive radiation therapy. A previous report had indicated that roughly half this group of patients should have a long-term relapse free survival. Methods and Materials : Pretreatment biopsy specimens of 44 patients with Stage IB adenocarcinoma of the cervix, whose primary lesion at presentation measured at least 4 cm in greatest dimension, were scored for apoptosis by two independent investigators without knowledge of the treatment outcome, and the results were averaged. Actuarial methods were used to assess overall survival, disease-free survival, determinate survival, and local control as a function of the baseline level of apoptosis. Patients ranged in age from 21 to 87 years and were treated with definitive radiotherapy between 1964 and 1989. Follow-up for the surviving patients ranged from 1 to 278 months, with a mean of 101 months. Results : Patients whose tumors had a baseline level of apoptosis above the median value (2% ) had a better overall survival than those with lower levels of apoptosis (p = 0.056). A similar trend for disease-free survival (p = 0.32) and determinate survival (p = 0.27) did not reach statistical significance, perhaps because of the small number of patients. Because only 6 of the 44 patients (13% ) had a local tumor failure, it was not possible to establish a correlation between the pretreatment level of apoptosis and the local tumor control by radiation. Conclusion : The baseline level of apoptosis predicted for survival in patients with Stage IB cervical adenocarcinoma. Further investigation of the measurement of apoptosis as a potential predictive assay is warranted in other human tumor systems.
Developmental biology: Regional identity of gut stem cells[mdash]one gene to rule them all

The stem cells in the stomach and intestine are regulated by different signalling pathways and give rise to entirely different specialized lineages. A study by Simmini and colleagues suggests that the organ-specific identity of gastrointestinal stem cells is regulated by one transcription factor, Cdx2.
Metabolism of Exogenous Oxaloacetate in Isolated Hepatocytes

AbstractThe utilization of exogenous oxaloacetate (OAA) was studied in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. Phenylpyruvate and α-cyanohydroxycinnamate, which inhibit pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) and pyruvate transport across the mitochondrial membrane, respectively, were equally effective in decreasing glucose formation from pyruvate and OAA. Additionally, the specific activity of glucose formed in cells incubated with sodium [14C]bicarbonate and either pyruvate or OAA was the same. The specific activity of glucose formed from asparagine plus sodium [14C]bicarbonate was approximately 25% of that observed when pyruvate or OAA served as the carbon sources. The results suggest that OAA is decarboxylated to pyruvate prior to its metabolism.
CYCLOTRON HEATING DUE TO A MODULATED ELECTRON BEAM IN A MIRROR MACHINE.

This note presents results of a numerical study of the variation of the kinetic energy, magnetic moment and longitudinal invariant of a charged particle trapped in a d.c. mirror magnetic field and acted upon by a radial r.f. electric field with frequency nearly equal to the cyclotron frequency of the charged particle. This problem is of interest to the theoretical behaviour of the adiabatic invariants of the charged particle acted upon by electric fields near cyclotron resonance (Seidl, 1964; Tuma and Lichtenberg, 1967) and to the practical problem of heating the ions of a plasma as for example by means of an electron beam modulated at the ion-cyclotron frequency (Smullin, 1965).
Fine‐needle aspiration of pancreatic extramedullary plasmacytoma: Possible confusion with islet cell tumor

We report two cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of the pancreas, diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Plasmacytoma of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm with only 12 cases recorded in the literature. Because of its scarcity and the cytomorphologic similarity between plasma cells and endocrine cells, EMP of the pancreas may be confused with neuroendocrine (islet cell) tumors of the pancreas. Immunohistochemical staining for light chain and/or neuroendocrine markers will prevent diagnostic error when interpreting plasmacytoid neoplasms of any site susceptible to endocrine tumors, including the pancreas.
GLOMERULAR MORPHOMETRY IN THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Glomerular morphometry was performed in needle biopsy specimens from 53 children with the nephrotic syndrome with minimal change (MC), focal global glomerulosclerosis (FGS), and segmental glomerulosclerosis (SGS). Glomerular cell counts and diameter measurements were performed on methacrylate-embedded, 1μ thick and PASM-stained sections by direct microscopy. Duplicate analyses showed a high degree of reproducibility. There were significantly fewer epithelial cells and more mesangial cells in SGS than in MC and FGS. The number of epithelial cells decreased with age in MC and FGS, but remained constantly low at all ages in SGS. There were no significant differences in differential cellularity between MC, with or without focal glomerular obsolescence or focal tubular atrophy, and FGS. Glomerular diameter increased with age in MC and FGS, but not in SGS. These findings support the view that SGS is an entity rather than a variant of MC, and it is suggested that the lower epithelial cellularity may have aetiological significance.
Risk Measures for Natural Resource Management: Description, Simulation Testing, and R Code With Fisheries Examples

Abstract Traditional measures that quantify variation in natural resource systems include both upside and downside deviations as contributing to variability, such as standard deviation or the coefficient of variation. Here we introduce three risk measures from investment theory, which quantify variability in natural resource systems by analyzing either upside or downside outcomes and typical or extreme outcomes separately: semideviation, conditional value-at-risk, and probability of ruin. Risk measures can be custom tailored to frame variability as a performance measure in terms directly meaningful to specific management objectives, such as presenting risk as harvest expected in an extreme bad year, or by characterizing risk as the probability of fishery escapement falling below a prescribed threshold. In this paper, we present formulae, empirical examples from commercial fisheries, and R code to calculate three risk measures. In addition, we evaluated risk measure performance with simulated data, and we ...
A training program for family psychology: Evaluation, prevention and therapy

Abstract Family psychology differs from family therapy on a variety of dimensions. Philosophically, family psychology emphasizes the relationship of the individual to the family rather than considering the family as a system, deemphasizing the individual, as in systems family therapy. In addition, family psychology is interested in the whole spectrum of functionality-dysfunctionality, while family therapy is interested mainly in dysfunctional families. Substantively, in terms of differences in training, family psychology stresses the importance of theory testing, evaluation of process and outcome of interventions, and prevention with functional or at-risk families. An academic curriculum in family psychology, which has been operational at Georgia State University for the last 10 years, is presented. Clinical training follows a gradual approach, starting with relatively simple Structured Enrichment, progressing to more complex training in Covenant Contracting and Systematic Homework Assignments, and finall...
Development and Pathophysiological Basis of Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Part IV

Acute and day 10 to 14 recanalization rates with intracoronary thrombolytic and/or spasmolytic therapy were determined in the First Mt. Sinai-N.Y.U. Reperfusion Trial (1984). Recanalization of total occlusion was accelerated by intracoronary streptokinase, the first proven potentially beneficial effect of thrombolytic therapy. Intravenous administration of thrombolytic agents, including t-PA, was less effective in accelerating recanalization than intracoronary streptokinase as assessed by 90-minute rates of TIMI-III flow. In clinical practice the greater ease of intravenous administration outweighed this disadvantage, but intracoronary administration was uniquely suited to analyze the pathophysiological principles of reperfusion therapy. The first randomized trial (n = 533) to establish the benefits of early reperfusion, the Netherlands Randomized Trial, achieved infarct vessel patency in 85% of patients within 200 minutes of symptom onset by administering intracoronary streptokinase alone or following a rapid intravenous infusion of streptokinase. Ejection fraction improved significantly and mortality at 28 days was reduced (6% vs 12%). The ISIS-2 Trial (1988) showed mortality reduction with intravenous thrombolytic therapy up to 24 hours after infarct onset, but did not explain the benefit of late reperfusion. In the Second Mt. Sinai-N.Y.U. Reperfusion Trial (1989; n = 393), intracoronary streptokinase administered 4 to 14 hours after infarct onset increased thallium uptake. Streptokinase improved ejection fraction in patients with collateralized total occlusion but not in those with noncollateralized total occlusion. Preintervention antegrade flow was associated with ejection fraction improvement regardless of treatment assignment. We concluded that thrombolytic therapy after > 4 hours of infarction salvages myocardium in patients with collateralized total coronary artery occlusion. Total coronary occlusion was associated with collateral flow in 33% at acute angiography, but in 90% at day 10 to 14 angiography, indicating a second phase of collateral growth. An angioplasty model was developed to assess appearance and disappearance of collateral flow immediately after controlled coronary occlusion and reflow in humans. Using this model we demonstrated limitation of ischemia by collateral recruitment prospectively.
Design of Petri net objects and their application in command and control systems

This paper discusses how to use object-oriented technology and Petri nets for the modeling of military maneuver theory. Most military theories involve both concurrent processing units and discrete event systems. These can be best modeled with Petri nets. The maneuver theory includes preemption, dislocation, and disruption. Among them, dislocation plays a central role. The authors use Petri nets to model the dislocation strategy and, further, the combined-arms theory, which is an extension of the dislocation theory. Each attacking, moving, and defending unit is modeled as an object whose operation is represented as a subnet. Simulation can also be done with the appropriate integration of these Petri net submodels.
Friends, not foes?: Work design and formalization in the modern work context

Scholars have long debated the advantages and disadvantages of formalization. Although many researchers have suggested that formalization is likely to be disadvantageous in the dynamic environments currently faced by organizations and employees, formalization appears to be increasingly pervasive in modern organizations. Since scholars have suggested that the effects of formalization may depend on the way it is implemented, I examine work design as a key contingency for the successful implementation of formalization. Based on examination and integration of work design, organizational theory, and cognitive perspectives, I conclude that formalization is actually more advantageous and viable in the current work context. However, neither work design nor formalization individually is sufficient for organizations seeking to cope with current challenges. Rather, both interact and thus represent key levers for organizations seeking to thrive in the modern work context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the Role of the Food Environment on Food Shopping Patterns in Philadelphia, PA, USA: A Semiquantitative Comparison of Two Matched Neighborhood Groups

Increasing research has focused on the built food environment and nutrition-related outcomes, yet what constitutes a food environment and how this environment influences individual behavior still remain unclear. This study assesses whether travel mode and distance to food shopping venues differ among individuals in varying food environments and whether individual- and household-level factors are associated with food shopping patterns. Fifty neighbors who share a traditionally defined food environment (25 in an unfavorable environment and 25 in a favorable environment) were surveyed using a mix of close- and open-ended survey questions. Food shopping patterns were mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Stores visited were beyond the 0.5-mile (805 meters) radius traditionally used to represent the extent of an individual’s food environment in an urban area. We found no significant difference in shopping frequency or motivating factor behind store choice between the groups. No differences existed between the two groups for big food shopping trips. For small trips, individuals in the favorable food environment traveled shorter distances and were more likely to walk than drive. Socioeconomic status, including car ownership, education, and income influenced distance traveled. These findings highlight the complexities involved in the study and measurement of food environments.
A model of dynamic auditory perception and its application to robust speech recognition

This paper derives a non-linear model of dynamic auditory perception. The model consists of a linear filter bank with carefully-parameterized logarithmic additive adaptation after each filter output. An extensive series of perceptual forward masking experiments, together with previously reported forward masking data, determine the model's dynamic parameters. The model's prediction error of forward masking data has a standard deviation of less than 3.3 dB across wide ranging frequencies, input levels, and probe delay times. We present an initial evaluation of the dynamic model as a front end for an isolated word recognition system, and show an improvement in the robustness to background noise when compared to MFCC and LPCC front ends.
An assay for pyrroline 5 carboxylate based on its interaction with cysteine

Abstract Pyrroline 5-carboxylate, a potent effector of redox dependent pathways, is a nutritionally responsive plasma constituent and is present in tissue culture medium conditioned by a variety of cells. Studies of P5C production and release both in vivo and in vitro have become increasingly important. To date, the assay used is a specific, sensitive radioenzymatic method. Unfortunately, the necessary materials (purified P5C reductase and NADP[3H], labeled in the transferable position) are not readily available. We now describe a method using commercially available reactants. This new method, based on the interaction of P5C with cysteine, is sensitive and specific; the presence of a wide variety of compounds only minimally affected the assay. [S35] Cysteine at a defined specific activity is reacted with P5C and the P5C-CYS adduct can be separated from the reactants by cation exchange column chromatography. To optimize the assay conditions, we characterized the time course, pH dependence and cysteine conc...
Areal Density Potential for Non-Stoner-Wohlfarth Media

In composite media switching of magnetization takes place through domain wall reversal, rather than coherent rotation, characteristic of Stoner-Wohlfarth (S-W) media. The angular dependence of coercivity on applied field angle deviates significantly from the S-W astroid. A modified Williams-Comstock formalism is used to show how this angular dependence modifies the effective field gradient, hence the transition length. Analytical expressions are deduced to express the areal density potential of various media designs.
Healthcare use and costs of primary and secondary care patients with prostatitis.

Abstract Objectives To examine and identify predictors of healthcare use and prostatitis-related and total healthcare costs for primary and secondary care patients with new episodes of care for prostatitis. Methods We compared the use and costs for 270 men with a new episode of care for prostatitis to those of randomly selected male health maintenance organization enrollees matched by age and primary care provider. We examined the episode of care (index visit and next 2 months) and the previous and subsequent years. Patients with prostatitis were interviewed 1 month after the index visit. Results Compared with controls, patients with prostatitis had significantly greater total healthcare use ( P P P = 0.04), less education ( P = 0.02), greater disability ( P = 0.003), and greater number of non-pelvic pain sites ( P = 0.004) at baseline predicted greater total healthcare costs after the index visit. Conclusions Health maintenance organization enrollees who seek care for prostatitis have greater total healthcare use and costs than do other enrollees of the same age and primary care provider. Most of the difference in costs reflects care for problems other than prostatitis. A small proportion of patients account for most of the costs.
Improving nurse computer proficiency with a tri‐focal educational intervention

Use of the electronic health record is expanding rapidly. Nurses are primary users of this technology and more than half rate their own computer skills to be below average. Nurses at this ambulatory genitourinary oncology practice recognized a need to improve information technology (IT) skills in the nursing team. An assessment was undertaken of nurses working in the unit by means of a confidential survey. The survey questioned nurses' ability to perform unit-specific tasks as well as offering a free text component to identify further educational needs. Survey responses identified a need to improve computer proficiency. A nurse-led, unit-specific, educational intervention was developed to address this need and improve nurses IT skills. Unit-specific competencies were identified as well as basic computer skills. The intervention was targeted at adult learners and addressed different styles of learning. A PowerPoint presentation was developed utilizing a step-by-step pictorial and written instruction to guide the nurse to complete the intended task. This was presented in small groups to allow visual and auditory learning. The PowerPoint presentation was also e-mailed to each staff member for reference and personal learning. Finally, multiple opportunities for hands on learning were offered in small groups or one-on-one to allow kinesthetic learning to take place. Post-survey results demonstrated an increase in unit-specific competencies and improved overall confidence in IT skills. This was a small group of nurses N = 53, pre-survey responses (N = 32) and post-survey responses (N = 14) were low but within expected norms for surveys. A unit-specific peer led intervention can improve IT skills in nurses and open a dialogue about computer skills
Carrier Recombination, Relaxation, and Transport Dynamics in InN

Knowledge of the carrier recombination, relaxation, and transport processes in InN materials is essential for determining the applicability of this material system in photonic and electronic applications. In this article, we provide a review of time-resolved spectroscopy experimental techniques and our recent results using these techniques to measure transient processes in InN. Specifically, subpicosecond differential transmission experiments were used to determine the carrier recombination lifetime and the carrier thermalization time of InN. In those experiments, we observed a fast initial hot carrier cooling followed by a slower recombination process. At short times after pulsed excitation, modeling of the observed relaxation suggests that the dominant energy relaxation process is longitudinal optical phonon scattering modified by a strong hot phonon effect at room temperature. An inverse proportionality between the carrier lifetime and the free electron concentration was found. This suggests that donor-like defects or impurities may stimulate the formation of non-radiative recombination centers. Furthermore, we report the measurements of in-plane carrier transport and hole mobility of an InN epilayer by time-resolved transient grating spectroscopy using subpicosecond pulses at 800 nm and ~1900 nm for grating writing and probing, respectively. The ambipolar diffusion coefficient Da = 2.0 cm2/s and hole mobility µh = 39 cm2/Vs at 300 K near the InN surface were determined by monitoring the transient grating kinetics at various grating periods.
Demonstration of pulse frequency division multiplexing using terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer

A new method of pulse frequency division multiplexing (PFDM) to increase the capacity of local fiber-optic communications networks heavily relies on optical signal processing using an all-optical AND gate. In this work, we report a conceptual demonstration of the PFDM method using a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer as a fast (picosecond switching time), low switching energy (as low as 125 fJ) optical AND gate for the optical signal processing. This creates a real possibility for the practical realization of the PFDM method.
Gemcitabine Metabolic and Transporter Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Drug Toxicity and Efficacy in Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Background It has not been well established whether genetic variations can be biomarkers for clinical outcome of gemcitabine therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of gemcitabine metabolic and transporter genes that are associated with toxicity and efficacy of gemcitabine-based therapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).
Chemical and Toxicological Evaluation of Pyrotechnically Disseminated Terepthalic Acid Smoke

ABSTRACTThe terephthalic acid (TPA) smoke obscurants (M-83 grenade and M-8 smoke pot) were developed by the U.S. Army for training purposes to replace the more toxic hexachloroethane (HC) smoke. Inhalation toxicity testing and chemical characterization of pyrotechnically generated TPA was conducted to assess the health hazard potential of TPA and its combustion products. Fisher 344 rats were subjected to acute and repeated exposures to TPA smoke generated from the M-83 grenade. Acute exposure levels ranged from 150–1,900 mg/m3 for 30 minutes and repeated dose exposures ranged from 128–1,965 mg/m3 for 30 min/day for 5 days. Exposed and control rats were evaluated for toxic signs, and histopathologic changes. During exposure, the rats exhibited slight to moderate lacrimation, rhinorrhea, lethargy and dyspnea, which reversed within 1-hr post-exposure. No deaths occurred, even at the highest smoke concentrations. Histopathological changes were confined to exposure related nasal necrosis and inflammation in bo...
Application of CAD-neutronics coupling to geometrically complex fusion systems

An innovative computational tool (DAG-MCNP) has been developed for efficient and accurate 3-D nuclear analysis of geometrically complex fusion systems. Direct coupling with CAD models allows preserving the geometrical details, eliminating possible human error, and faster design iterations. DAG-MCNP has been applied to perform 3-D nuclear analysis for several fusion designs and demonstrated the ability to generate high-fidelity high-resolution results that significantly improve the design process. This tool will be the core for a full CAD-based simulation predictive capability that couples engineering analyses directly to the CAD solid model.
Understanding the risk of attrition in undergraduate engineering: Results from the project to assess climate in engineering

Background Research on student attrition from engineering has focused on a variety of factors including demographics, campus climate, interactions with faculty and peers, and learning experiences. It remains unclear, however, whether qualitative differences in risk of attrition response patterns exist among students. Purpose (Hypothesis) The following research questions are the basis for this study: (1) What can be learned about the risk of attrition from engineering by grouping students using a novel method and multiple measures? (2) How are individual characteristics, student experiences, and perceptions related to qualitative differences among students in their risk of attrition? Design/Method Latent class analysis identifies qualitative differences among engineering students on measures of risk of attrition. A variety of covariates predict membership in each class using multinomial logistic regression. Results Three latent classes are identified with varying degrees of commitment to degree completion and interest in their engineering major. Individuals who are less confident, experience negative interactions with peers and instructors, and hold negative perceptions of engineering are less likely to be committed to engineering and more likely to be interested in other majors. Student experiences mediate the effects of key individual characteristics. Conclusions Certain types of student experiences are pivotal for a student's commitment to the major and commitment to degree completion. The risk of attrition is sensitive to a combination of student characteristics, experiences, and perceptions. The mediated relationships between risk of attrition and individual characteristics re-iterate the importance of including student experience variables to control for the context of a college.
Cognitive-affective preparation for homelessness: quantitative and qualitative analyses of childhood out-of-home placement and child abuse in a sample of homeless men.

Patterns of homelessness were examined against histories of childhood out-of-home placement and abuse in a sample of 146 homeless men. It was speculated that out-of-home placement and abuse influenced needs for love and belonging and were related to preparation for adult homelessness. Main effects of a 2 x 2 (placement by abuse) multivariate analysis of variance were significant with longer periods of time since first homeless and greater lengths of a current episode of homelessness associated with childhood out-of-home placement. Homeless men who had experienced abuse as a child had more episodes of homelessness than those who had not experienced abuse. Mean Brief Index of Self-actualization scores were not different for those with out-of-home placement or abuse; however, self-actualization scores were minimally lower with greater number of homeless episodes but not with total time homeless. Case histories supported the quantitative findings that loss of feelings of belonging in childhood were preparatory for chronic homelessness. Language: en
Evaluating a computational model of social causality and responsibility

Intelligent agents are typically situated in a social environment and must reason about social cause and effect. Such reasoning is qualitatively different from physical causal reasoning that underlies most intelligent systems. Modeling social causal reasoning can enrich the capabilities of multi-agent systems and intelligent user interfaces. In this paper, we empirically evaluate a computational model of social causality and responsibility against human social judgments. Results from our experimental studies show that in general, the model's predictions of internal variables and inference process are consistent with human responses, though they also suggest some possible refinement to the computational model.
Optimal placement of energy storage in the grid

This paper studies the problem of optimally placing large-scale energy storage in power grids with both conventional and wind generation. The solution technique for this infinite horizon problem assumes cyclic demand and generation profiles using a semidefinite relaxation of AC optimal power flow. Changes in storage allocation in the network are studied as a function of total storage budget and transmission line-flow constraints. These questions are investigated using an IEEE benchmark system with various generation portfolios.
Nanocomposites: Structure, Phase Behavior, and Properties

It is well recognized that nanocomposites formed by adding nanoparticles to polymers can have significantly enhanced properties relative to the native polymer. This review focuses on three aspects that are central to the outstanding problem of realizing these promised property improvements. First, we ask if there exist general strategies to control nanoparticle spatial distribution. This is an important question because it is commonly accepted that the nanoparticle dispersion state crucially affects property improvements. Because ideas on macroscale composites suggest that optimizing different properties requires different dispersion states, we next ask if we can predict a priori the particle dispersion and organization state that can optimize one (or more) properties of the resulting nanocomposite. Finally, we examine the role that particle shape plays in affecting dispersion and hence property control. This review focuses on recent advances concerning these underpinning points and how they affect measur...
A new pattern in Saturn’s D ring created in late 2011

Abstract Images obtained by the Cassini spacecraft between 2012 and 2015 reveal a periodic brightness variation in a region of Saturn’s D ring that previously appeared to be rather featureless. Furthermore, the intensity and radial wavenumber of this pattern have decreased steadily with time since it was first observed. Based on analogies with similar structures elsewhere in the D ring, we propose that this structure was created by some event that disturbed the orbital motions of the ring particles, giving them finite orbital eccentricities and initially aligned pericenters. Differential orbital precession then transformed this structure into a spiral pattern in the ring’s optical depth that became increasingly tightly wound over time. The observed trends in the pattern’s radial wavenumber are roughly consistent with this basic model, and also indicate that the ring-disturbing event occurred in early December 2011. Similar events in 1979 may have generated the periodic patterns seen in this same region by the Voyager spacecraft. The 2011 event could have been caused by debris striking the rings, or by a disturbance in the planet’s electromagnetic environment. The rapid reduction in the intensity of the brightness variations over the course of just a few years indicates that some process is either damping orbital eccentricities in this region or causing the orbital pericenters of particles with the same semi-major axis to become misaligned.
Modeling of current—voltage characteristics for double‐gate a‐IGZO TFTs and its application to AMLCDs

— The equations for the transfer characteristics, subthreshold swing, and saturation voltage of double-gate (DG) a-IGZO TFTs, when the top- and bottom-gate electrodes are connected together (synchronized), were developed. From these equations, it is found thatsynchronized DG a-IGZO TFTs can be considered as conventional TFTs with a modified gate capacitance and threshold voltage. The developed models were compared with the top or bottom gate only bias conditions. The validity of the models is discussed by using the extracted TFT parameters for DG coplanar homojunction TFTs. Lastly, the new pixel circuit and layout based on a synchronized DG a-IGZO TFT is introduced.
A 400-MHz processor for the efficient conversion of rectangular to polar coordinates for digital communications applications

A 400-MHz digital rectangular-to-polar coordinate converter has been implemented in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS. The inputs to the chip are 14-bit in-phase and quadrature channels, and the outputs are 15-bit magnitude and phase channels. The phase and magnitude calculations have a maximum error of 0.00024 and 0.03, respectively. At a maximum frequency of 406 MHz, the circuit dissipates 470 mW of power at 2.5 V.
Prospective predictors of adolescent suicidality: 6-month post-hospitalization follow-up

Background—The aim of this study was to examine prospective predictors of suicide events, defined as suicide attempts or emergency interventions to reduce suicide risk, in 119 adolescents admitted to an in-patient psychiatric unit for suicidal behaviors and followed naturalistically for 6 months. Method—Structured diagnostic interviews and self-report instruments were administered to adolescent participants and their parent(s) to assess demographic variables, history of suicidal behavior, psychiatric disorders, family environment and personality/temperament. Results—Baseline variables that significantly predicted time to a suicide event during follow-up were Black race, high suicidal ideation in the past month, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), childhood sexual abuse (CSA), borderline personality disorder (BPD), low scores on positive affectivity, and high scores on aggression. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, only Black race, CSA, positive affect intensity and high aggression scores remained significant. Conclusions—Our findings suggest the following for adolescent populations: (1) in a very highrisk population, risk factors for future attempts may be more difficult to ascertain and some established risk factors (e.g. past suicide attempt) may not distinguish as well; and (2) crosscutting constructs (e.g. affective and behavioral dysregulation) that underlie multiple psychiatric disorders may be stronger predictors of recurrent suicide events than psychiatric diagnoses. Our finding with respect to positive affect intensity is novel and may have practical implications for the assessment and treatment of adolescent suicide attempters.
Second Order Fluids

We simplify the notation by writing A 1=A and A 2=B. In steady flow the recursion (10), Appendix C, for A n shows that A n is an n-linear functional of u. The notation B [u 1,u 2] = B [u 2,u 1] is in recognition that B is a symmetric bilinear functional of u.
Evaluation of the performance of the ACS NSQIP surgical risk calculator in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing laparotomy.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) surgical risk calculator to predict complications in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing laparotomy. Methods A chart review of patients who underwent laparotomy on the gynecologic oncology service at a single academic hospital from January 2009 to December 2013 was performed. Preoperative variables were abstracted and NSQIP surgical risk scores were calculated. The risk of any complication, serious complication, death, urinary tract infection, venous thromboembolism, cardiac event, renal complication, pneumonia and surgical site infection were correlated with actual patient outcomes using logistic regression. The c-statistic and Brier score were used to calculate the prediction capability of the risk calculator. Results Of the 1094 patients reviewed, the majority were Conclusions The NSQIP surgical risk calculator adequately predicts specific serious complications, such as postoperative death and cardiac complications. However, the overall performance of the calculator was worse for gynecologic oncology patients than reported in general surgery patients. A tailored prediction model may be needed for this patient population.
Growth with Moderation and Uncertainty

With heightened uncertainties and moderating global and Western European growth and oil prices, and volatile capital flows, Russia is likely to grow by 4.2 percent in 2010, followed by 4.5 percent in 2011 and 3.5 percent in 2012 as domestic demand expands in line with gradual improvements in the labor and credit markets. Unemployment situation is likely to get worse before it gets better later in 2011. Fiscal risks have risen with likely expenditure pressures and downside risks to oil. While there is huge diversity across regions in the patterns of labor market recovery, smaller regions with a larger share of SMEs, better investment climate, more FDI, and stronger financial sector presence tend to show a more robust recovery.
Analysis of e + + e − → V + + V − → e + + ν e + μ − + ν ¯ μ with beam polarization

We study the process e/sup +/ + e/sup -/ ..-->.. V/sup +/ + V/sup -/ ..-->.. e/sup +/ + ..nu../sub e/ + ..mu../sup -/ + ..nu..-bar/sub ..mu../ where V/sup +/- are vector bosons. Transverse polarization of the incident beams, as well as anomalous magnetic dipole and anomalous electric quadrupole moments of the vector bosons, are taken into account. Analytic expressions are obtained for the relevant differential cross sections. This process is a possible explanation of the anomalous e..mu.. events in the SPEAR e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation experiment.
Prediction of Group Priorities from Individual Priority Information

Abstract An experiment is reported where individual priority information was used to predict the priority information generated by a group of these individuals. The results suggest that knowledge of the individual priority information is useful in predicting the alternative most favored. The individual information is helpful to predict various other arrangements of the priority rankings about half the time. All of the predictions out perform the chance prediction.
135 A CASE REPORT OF SINONASAL UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA WITH SYNCHRONOUS BREAST CANCER.

Purpose To investigate the occurrence and clinical features of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). Patient Case A 61-year-old Philippine female was referred to Oncology for a palpable breast mass. The biopsy demonstrated an intermediate-grade infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Markers for estrogen receptor and Her2 /neu were positive. The patient also gave a history of recent-onset epistaxis and decreased hearing. Bilateral enlarged cervical nodes were readily apparent on examination. She reported these as enlarging for the last 6 months. CT scan of the neck was pertinent for a large nasopharyngeal mass at the level of the palatine tonsils with extensive bilateral upper cervical adenopathy (up to 3.8 cm). CT scans of the head, chest, abdomen, and pelvis plus a bone scan were negative for metastatic disease. She was seen in consultation by an ENT who biopsied the nasal mass, yielding the diagnosis of SNUC. The patient is now postmastectomy and is to begin weekly paclitaxel, cisplatin, trastuzumab, and cranial radiotherapy. Discussion SNUC is a rare malignancy arising from the schneiderian mucosa first described by Frierson in 1986. Aggressive growth, poor prognosis, and lack of optimal management guidelines characterize it. Men are affected more often than women, with an average age of 55. Regional nodal metastases are present at diagnosis in up to 50% of cases. Bone appears to be the most common site of distant metastasis. This case is more unusual in that the tumor developed in the nasopharynx rather than the typical sites of the ethmoid or sphenoid sinuses (which are lined by schneiderian mucosa). The differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal masses includes nasopharyngeal cancer, lymphoma, plasmacytoma, or metastasis. SNUC must be differentiated from olfactory neuroblastoma, sinonasal endocrine carcinoma, and primary sinonasal nasopharyngeal-type undifferentiated carcinoma by microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Despite previous beliefs, SNUC is not associated with EBV infection. Optimal therapy should include an aggressive multimodality approach combining platinum-based chemotherapy with radiation and craniofacial resection. Small studies have demonstrated 2-year survival figures approaching 64% with current therapy.
Laboratory tests in diagnosing cancer of the prostate.

Many problems are associated with the study of laboratory tests for diagnosing prostatic cancer.The wide range of values considered normal in acid phosphatase tests, the elevation of acid phosphatase in numerous related and unrelated diseases, the elevation of alkaline phosphatase in metastatic disease of the bone or liver, the nonspecificity of the sedimentation rate, and the difficulty of evaluating symptoms all complicate this diagnosis.In more than 50 per cent of a series of 837 patients with proved cancer of the prostate studied by the authors, results of all tests were normal and roentgenograms showed no abnormalities. The authors concluded that laboratory tests have limited value in excluding a diagnosis of prostatic cancer.
The fluorescence-based acetylation assay using thiol-sensitive probes

Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) catalyze the acetylation of specific lysine residues in histone and nonhistone proteins. The enzymatic activities of KATs are involved in a broad spectrum of cellular processes. Thus far, the reaction of KAT catalysis has been studied by various bioanalytical methods such as radioisotopic labeling, spectrophotometric and fluorometric measurements, and antibody-dependent immunosorbent assays. In particular, the fluorescent method has the advantage of simplicity for implementation, fast assay speed, fine signal to noise ratio, and superior sensitivity. We describe here the technical protocols of using thiol-sensitive fluorogenic probes for the fluorescent analysis of enzymatic activities of KATs, with males on the first (MOF) as an exemplary KAT enzyme. 7-Diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM) is selected as the KAT probe owing to its fast reaction kinetics with coenzyme A (CoA) and excellent fluorogenicity upon thiol conjugation. The fluorescence-based acetylation assay is well suited for both kinetic characterization of KAT catalysis and KAT inhibitor investigation.
Anti-claudin-4-Conjugated Highly Luminescent Nanoparticles as Biological Labels for Pancreatic Cancer Sensing

Anti-claudin-4, whose corresponding antigen receptors are known to be overexpressed in both primary and metastatic human pancreatic cancer, is utilized for targeted delivery and imaging of pancreatic cancer. In this protocol, we describe the use of quantum dots (QDs) as sensitive optical contrast agent for imaging pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo by using anti-claudin-4 as targeting ligands. The claudin-4-mediated targeting is demonstrated in using both in vitro confocal microscopy and in vivo tumor imaging system. This targeted QD platform will be further modified for the purpose of developing as an early detection imaging tool for pancreatic cancer.