cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Anaplasma marginale Proteins Specifically Upregulated during Colonization of the Tick Vector

The transition between infection of the mammalian host and colonization of an arthropod vector is required for the ongoing transmission of a broad array of pathogens, from viruses to protozoa. Understanding how this transition is mediated provides opportunities to disrupt transmission through either chemotherapy or immunization. We used an unbiased proteomic screen to identify Anaplasma marginale proteins specifically upregulated in the tick compared to the mammalian host. Comparative mass spectrometric analysis of proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of uninfected and infected ISE6 cells and infected mammalian cells identified 15 proteins exclusively expressed or upregulated in tick cells. All 15 had originally been annotated as hypothetical proteins. We confirmed quantitative upregulation and expression in situ within the midgut epithelial and salivary gland acinar cells of vector ticks during successful transmission. The results support the hypothesis that A. marginale gene expression is regulated by the specific host environment and, in a broader context, that the core genome evolved in the arthropod vector with differential regulation, allowing adaptation to mammalian hosts. Furthermore, the confirmation of the in situ expression of candidates identified in ISE6 cell lines indicates that this approach may be widely applicable to bacteria in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, removing a major technical impediment to the identification of new targets for vaccine and chemotherapeutic blocking of transmission.
The Thermal Stability of DNA Fragments With Tandem Mismatches at a d(CXYG)d(CY′X′G) Site

Temperature-Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE) was employed to determine the thermal stabilities of 28 DNA fragments, 373 bp long, with two adjacent mismatched base pairs, and eight DNAs with Watson-Crick base pairs at the same positions. Heteroduplex DNAs containing two adjacent mismatches were formed by melting and reannealing pairs of homologous 373 bp DNA fragments differing by two adjacent base pairs. Product DNAs were separated based on their thermal stability by parallel and perpendicular TGGE. The polyacrylamide gel contained 3.36 M urea and 19.2 % formamide to lower the DNA melting temperatures. The order of stability was determined in the sequence context d(CXYG).d(CY'X'G) where X.X' and Y.Y" represent the mismatched or Watson-Crick base pairs. The identity of the mismatched bases and their stacking interactions influence DNA stability. Mobility transition melting temperatures (T u) of the DNAs with adjacent mismatches were 1.0-3.6 degrees C (+/-0.2 degree C) lower than the homoduplex DNA with the d(CCAG).d(CTGG) sequence. Two adjacent G.A pairs, d(CGAG).d(CGAG), created a more stable DNA than DNAs with Watson-Crick A.T pairs at the same sites. The d(GA).d(GA) sequence is estimated to be 0.4 (+/-30%) kcal/mol more stable in free energy than d(AA).d(TT) base pairs. This result confirms the unusual stability of the d(GA).d(GA) sequence previously observed in DNA oligomers. All other DNAs with adjacent mismatched base pairs were less stable than Watson-Crick homoduplex DNAs. Their relative stabilities followed an order expected from previous results on single mismatches. Two homoduplex DNAs with identical nearest neighbor sequences but different next-nearest neighbor sequences had a small but reproducible difference in T u value. This result indicates that sequence dependent next neighbor stacking interactions influence DNA stability.
An experimental HMM-based postal OCR system

It is almost universally accepted in speech recognition that phone- or word-level segmentation prior to recognition is neither feasible nor desirable, and in the dynamic (pen-based) handwriting recognition domain the success of segmentation-free techniques points to the same conclusion. But in image-based handwriting recognition, this conclusion is far from being firmly established, and the results presented in this paper show that systems employing character-level presegmentation can be more effective, even within the same HMM paradigm, than systems relying on sliding window feature extraction. We describe two variants of a hidden Markov system recognizing handwritten addresses on US mail, one with presegmentation and one without, and report results on the CEDAR data set.
Uni-traveling-carrier balanced photodiode with tunable MMI coupler for optimization of source laser RIN suppression

A balanced uni-traveling-carrier (UTC) waveguide photodiode (PD) has been fabricated and characterized. The balanced PD incorporates a multimode interference (MMI) coupler as a light combiner/splitter with tunability of the output power splitting ratio. The individual UTC-PDs demonstrate a 1 dB compression current of 80.5 mA and a third-order output intercept point of 46.1 dBm at 60 mA, both representing the highest reported for a waveguide PD. The ability to fine tune the output power splitting of the MMI coupler allows for optimization of source laser relative-intensity noise suppression.
Toward a Fuller Understanding of the Echoing Press: Presidential Addresses and the New York Times, 1933-2013

This study seeks to extend and clarify Domke’s (2004) theory of the “echoing press.” Developing a conceptual argument about the interrelationships among several key theories of the U.S. president–press relationship, we analyze news coverage of major presidential addresses in the New York Times from 1933 to 2013. Our analysis clarifies the consistent but modest echoing effect that has occurred over the past 8 decades, and broadens the theory to encompass not only wartime communications but all foreign policy contexts. We also rule out several alternative explanations for the echoing effect, and show that echoing has an inverse relationship with the inclusion of perspectives that run counter to the president’s views. Among the many important relationships that scholars of communication have sought to understand is the relationship between the U.S. president and the American news media.This only makes sense:The president is among the most significant political figures in the world and the news media are the president’s primary vehicle for public communication. Consequently, what the president says and how that message circulates throughout news media are issues worthy of scholarly exploration. Not surprisingly, a substantial body of research has grown from such exploration. Much of this scholarship has coalesced around a few key theories, most notably agenda setting/building (e.g., McCombs, 2004; McCombs & Shaw, 1993; Wanta, Stephenson, Turk, & McCombs, 1989), indexing (e.g., Althaus, Edy, Entman, & Phalen, 1996; Bennett, 1990; Bennett, Lawrence, & Livingston, 2007), and framing (e.g., Entman, 1993; Rowling, Jones, & Sheets, 2011)—the last of which has been most fully specified in the politics–press context via Entman’s (2004) “cascading activation” model. Each of these theories, in its own way, provides needed insight into if and how the president and other political elites are able to meet one of their central goals: getting their chosen perspectives disseminated via the press.
Effect of end-user preparation methods on vitamin content of fortified humanitarian food-aid commodities

Abstract The effect of cooking on vitamin stability in common fortified food-aid commodities was evaluated: corn–soy blend (CSB), cornmeal (CM), soy-fortified bulgur (SFB), and vegetable oil (VO). Thin CSB porridge, thick CM and SFB porridges, and dumplings fried in VO were prepared using average preparation parameters determined from the data collected in the field. Vitamin levels in pre- and post-cook samples were tested. In CSB thin porridge, vitamins C and E showed cooking losses of 53% and 18%, respectively; thiamin, folic acid, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 showed no significant losses. In CM thick porridge, thiamin, folic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin A showed no significant changes during cooking. In SFB, vitamin A was reduced by 33%, while thiamin, folic acid, and riboflavin showed no significant changes during cooking. In VO that was used to prepare dumplings, vitamin A losses of 6% occurred after one frying cycle. Vitamin A content of the dumplings, however, increased significantly during frying. With the exception of vitamins C and E in CSB and vitamin A in SFB and VO, typical cooking had little effect on vitamin stability.
BEHAVIORAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FIRE ANTS AND VERTEBRATE NEST PREDATORS AT TWO BLACK-CAPPED VIREO NESTS

Abstract We report on behavioral interactions between fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) and vertebrate predators at two Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapilla) nests at Fort Hood, Texas. In the presence of fire ants, an eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) failed to depredate a clutch of vireo eggs at one nest, while a rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri) depredated nestlings at another nest, despite fire ants swarming the nest. Neither nest was successful. Direct and indirect effects of interactions among nest predators on avian nesting success need further assessment.
Accounting Experiences In Collaborative Learning

This paper discusses incorporating collaborative learning into accounting classes as a response to the Accounting Education Change Commission’s call to install a more active student learner in the classroom. Collaborative learning requires the students to interact with each other and with the material within the classroom setting. It is a departure from the traditional lecture method of teaching. Additionally, the paper addresses opposition and support of collaborative learning. Obstacles to collaborative learning are delineated and strategies to counteract these obstacles are explained.
Finite Markov Learning Models for Knowledge Structures

Some finite Markov learning models are described, which explain the transitions, over time, between the various states of a knowledge structure, from the empty state to the full domain of the structure. Any one of these models sets constraints on the probability distribution on the collection of knowledge states, thereby reducing considerably the number of parameters that need to be estimated. Such models are intended for use at an early stage in the analysis of data. The resulting knowledge structure should be regarded as tentative, and can be refined by further analysis with more demanding models.
Dividing and Conquering the Family of RNA Recognition Motifs: A Representative Case Based on hnRNP L.

The RNA recognition motif (RRM) is a prevalent RNA-binding fold among proteins that are required for RNA biogenesis, processing, transport, and degradation. Compared to approximately 6000 RRMs that were annotated ten years ago1, the Protein Families (Pfam) database2 currently contains >50,000 RRMs, primarily among eukaryotic proteins (more than 30,000 RRMs), but also among bacterial, and in a few cases, viral proteins. These RRMs typically are multiples of one to six copies and can be combined with other classes of RNA binding domains in a given polypeptide. To date, experimental structures are available for <1% of annotated RRMs. In recent years it has become apparent that the RRM family is far more diverse in terms of its modes of ligand recognition and the types of ligand recognized than was assumed initially. A growing need has emerged for the sub-classification of the large RRM family into groups of distinct structure and function. To date, few primary sequence motifs have been defined for the characterization of such specialized RRM variants. In this issue of the Journal of Molecular Biology3, Allain and colleagues set a precedent for identifying the consensus motifs of an RRM sub-class, which in combination with the predicted secondary structures of conserved extensions of the core RRM fold can be leveraged to successfully predict RRM structure-function relationships based on primary sequence features.
A Study of Mental Disorder in Ancient Greek Culture

(1941). A Study of Mental Disorder in Ancient Greek Culture. Psychiatry: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 535-545.
Performance Improvements of Switching Control for Wind Turbines

Modern variable speed wind turbines operate within a large range of wind speeds. Control of such a turbine is partitioned in two modes: a low wind speed mode and a high wind speed mode. Depending on the prevailing wind speed, a turbine is controlled to switch between these two modes. During mode switching, critical dynamics of the turbine such as the output power and mechanical loads can experience steep, large changes even though the switching action is Lyapunov as well as input–output stable. In this work, a new control technique is presented to attenuate the steep and large volatile dynamics during turbine switching while preserving the original system structure so that the established system stability still holds. An algorithm that modifies the generator torque control law in the low wind speed mode is developed to reduce the steep change of turbine power and torque. A Proportional-integral (PI) control of blade pitch angle in the high wind speed mode is proposed to optimize the system power variation and power generation. Simulations conducted under various wind speed classes demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design.
An automated analogue of the one-way Miller-type avoidance box

A novel, fully automated avoidance apparatus analogous to the one-way Miller-type avoidance box was described, and the learning obtained with it was more rapid than typical shuttlebox avoidance acquisition. Reasons why rapid learning is obtained using both the one-way manual avoidance technique and its automated analogue, but not with the shuttlebox, were discussed.
Dislocation Mobilities in NiAl From Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Using the Voter-Chen Embedded Atom Method (EAM) potentials for the Ni-Al alloy system,the Peierls stress (σ p ) and velocity of edge dislocations (b=[100]) have been estimated in stoichiometric perfectly ordered B2 NiAIat a temperature of 10 K, by the use of molecular dynamics simulations employing approximately 4000 atoms. σ p was determined to be about 3×10 10 dynes/cm 2 , or about 2%of the shear modulus, C 44 . The steady state velocity was found to be about 1.6×10 5 cm/s (or 65% of the (001) shear velocity) under an applied shear stress of 3.9×10 10 dynes/cm 2 . Stress induced martensite (SIM) was nucleated in some of the simulations after the dislocation had begun to move, and in all cases when the SIM reached the immediate neighborhood of the dislocation core the motion of the dislocation was arrested.
Text analytics for security: tutorial

Computing systems that make security decisions often fail to take into account human expectations. This failure occurs because human expectations are typically drawn from in textual sources (e.g., mobile application description and requirements documents) and are hard to extract and codify. Recently, researchers in security and software engineering have begun using text analytics to create initial models of human expectation. In this tutorial, we provide an introduction to popular techniques and tools of natural language processing (NLP) and text mining, and share our experiences in applying text analytics to security problems. We also highlight the current challenges of applying these techniques and tools for addressing security problems. We conclude the tutorial with discussion of future research directions.
Measuring & Managing Patient Satisfaction: Implementing Customer-Focused Strategy in Healthcare Using Patient Satisfaction Strategy Maps (PSSM)

This note describes how a satisfaction-based framework can be implemented in healthcare to measure patient satisfaction. The PSSM is a framework that links overall patient satisfaction to its antecedents and outcomes. We use a real example to describe the various components of a PSSM, how it can be used for strategic planning and implementation, as well as for managing patient outcomes. This note describes a research methodology — survey measures, multivariate statistical analysis, outcomes analysis — to create and implement the PSSM approach. The approach can be used by a variety of healthcare providers ranging from independent practices to large hospitals.
Study on a method of using perceptron to solve logic classification problem

In this article we investigate logic classification problems that are solved using perceptrons on MATLAB condition.First, we illustrate using a single-layer perceptron to solve the logic AND and logic OR problems. Second, we illustrate using multilayer perceptrons to solve the logic XOR problem. The conclusion shows that, on MATLAB condition, not only time of neural networks trained is short, but also simulation results are good when using perceptrons to solve the logic AND,OR and XOR problems. At the same time, zero error output of the logic AND and the logic OR can be realized.
45 Parenting needs of women seeking services to end intimate partner violence

Statement of purpose Understand the parenting needs of women with young children who sought services to end intimate partner violence (IPV) at two different co-located service settings – shelter and community walk-in centre. Methods/approach Cross-sectional, self-administered survey of English and Spanish-speaking women with children younger than 11 years old. Survey included validated instruments and researcher/community partner-developed questions on mother/child demographics, parenting difficulties, child health and healthcare needs, and violence-related exposures. Data collected at four one-week intervals in fall 2013. Results Participants were 48 mothers aged 33.5 ± 6.2 years representing 91 children (57% boys, age 7 years ± 3) children; half lived in the shelter. We found few differences by service location. Most mothers were Hispanic (60%), placed themselves in the lower half of a social ladder (72%), lived with violence >1 year (68%), and changed residences >2 times in the past year (41%). 50% reported symptoms of depression and high levels of parenting stress compared to the general population (p Conclusions Women experiencing IPV living in a shelter or in the community are a high-risk population with unmet parenting needs reporting high parenting stress and children with medical and emotional problems. Some children remain at risk for exposure to violence. Significance and contributions These adverse factors may negatively affect parenting and child well-being possibly slowing the transition to a violence free life. Both settings provide an opportunity to identify and refer mother and children for needed health services.
How Vaccines Work

Successful immunization methods for preventing smallpox were actually discovered in China, India and Africa more than a thousand years ago. “As early as the 10th century, the Chinese were taking the dried scabs of previous smallpox victims and blowing them up the nose of healthy people to ward off the disease.”1 One early Chinese medical text actually listed five different methods of inoculating persons against smallpox.
Treatment of Opioid-Use Disorders

Opioid-use disorders are common, but most physicians are not trained to recognize and treat them. This review outlines a general approach to identifying and treating these disorders.
Canopy trees in an urban landscape – viable forests or long-lived gardens?

Seedling recruitment shapes tree communities, including those found in altered landscapes such as urban forests. However, little data exists on local- and broad-scale tree seed immigration and recruitment in these communities. Interspecific competition and seed predation are two major causes of recruitment failure for plants. In North American urban forests, these pressures may be exacerbated by an altered disturbance regime and prevalent invasive species combined with dense populations of rodents and browsers. Preliminary investigation in an urban forest on the eastern shore of Lake Erie indicated very low long-term tree seedling recruitment in the mature canopy stands. Our competing hypotheses were that seed establishment (habitat suitability) and seed limitations (seed availability) explained the tree recruitment failure. We tested seed establishment using field experiments (burning and vertebrate herbivore exclosures) and seed limitation by introducing native tree seeds. Moreover, we tested also seed limitation by examining local and regional seed input using seed traps. We found that seedling recruitment increased significantly with experimental reductions in predators and competitors, suggesting strong biotic establishment limitations in the urban forest. In addition, seed rain correlated significantly with immediately proximate parent plants, but no species arrived beyond what occurs within 50 m of the experimental plots. Essentially, then, the existing canopy species are not replacing themselves and extant seeds are not immigrating to replace them. At the patch scale, habitat quality, particularly seed predation and browsing, as well as competition from nonnative understory shrubs, constrained native tree recruitment in the urban forest. At the landscape scale, the evidence of poor long-term seed recruitment and the lack of long-distance seed input also suggest low native tree seed availability. The tree recruitment failure suggests that, in the absence of active management, this urban forest may eventually convert to an invasive-species dominated urban shrubland.
How useful are manometric tests of anorectal function in the management of defecation disorders

Objectives The clinical usefulness of assessing anorectal physiology has not been systematically examined. Our aims were to evaluate whether manometric tests of anorectal function influence the management and outcome of patients with defecation disorders, and to identify the patients who may most benefit from this assessment. Methods Using a standard protocol of anorectal manometry rectal sensation, saline continence, simulated defecation, and pudendal nerve terminal latency tests, we studied 143 consecutive patients (m/f = 27/116) and followed their progress over 18 months. Results Tests of anorectal function in 126 (88%) patients revealed new information that led to a change in the management of 108 (76%) patients. Among 69 patients referred with constipation, 33 (48%) had obstructive defecation, and 40 (58%) had impaired rectal sensation; 30 (43%) improved after biofeedback therapy. Among 56 patients referred with fecal incontinence, 55 (98%) had manometric abnormalities: 30 (53%) had a low squeeze sphincter pressure, 20 (36%) had impaired rectal sensation, and 28 (50%) had pudendal neuropathy. Thiry-four (60%) patients were referred for biofeedback therapy and 11 (20%) for surgery. Of these 15 completed biofeedback therapy with improvement, and six had successful surgery. Seven of 10 (70%) patients referred for preoperative evaluation had abnormalities that contraindicated surgery. Conclusions Manometric tests of anorectal function provide not only an objective diagnosis but, also, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. In addition, it provides new information that could influence the management and outcome of patients with disorders of defecation.
Study of Maladjustments in Specific Areas

When a change occurs in one or more of the factors that determine type of farming in an agricultural area, making it necessary to abandon an established system or to make more or less radical changes in it, the farmers in the area strike out more or less blindly in all directions. They try new crops and new kinds of livestock farming. Many of their experiments fail, because the new enterprises are not adapted to local conditions. In some instances none of the experiments made by farmers under such conditions have resulted in success. As a result, the agriculture of considerable regions has declined, much of the land being abandoned. A few examples may be cited: Previous to about the beginning of the present century rice culture in the United States was confined to inter-tidal flats above the reach of salt water along the Atlantic coast. These lands are very soft and rice production on them is necessarily largely a matter of hand labor. When rice culture developed on a large scale on the prairies of Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas, where the use of labor-saving machinery is feasible, the resulting increase in production brought the price of rice below cost of production on the Atlantic seaboard. It soon became apparent that rice culture must be abandoned there. Cotton, truck crops, forage crops for livestock, were all tried on the rice lands without success. The result was the complete abandonment of these lands. Another illustration is in the areas near the Gulf and Atlantic coasts where the yield of cotton was already low and where, in consequence, the usual methods of combating the boll weevil were not applicable. After the weevil invasion it became necessary to abandon cotton in much of this region.
College Cheating Thirty Years Later: The Role of Academic Entitlement

ABSTRACTThis research reports on a thirty-year follow-up study of academic dishonesty, often referred to as college cheating. The present study examines the role of academic entitlement as a predictor of college cheating. A sense of entitlement is regarded as a primary characteristic of today’s millennial students, those born between 1980 and 2000. However, previous research has never investigated the role of academic entitlement on college cheating. Instead, previous research has mostly favored neutralization as a theoretical explanation for academic dishonesty. The results indicate that, even though reports of college cheating have decreased over time, academic entitlement is a significant predictor of cheating in college.
Experimental determination of liquidus H 2 O contents of haplogranite at deep-crustal conditions

The liquidus water content of a haplogranite melt at high pressure (P) and temperature (T) is important, because it is a key parameter for constraining the volume of granite that could be produced by melting of the deep crust. Previous estimates based on melting experiments at low P (≤0.5 GPa) show substantial scatter when extrapolated to deep crustal P and T (700–1000 °C, 0.6–1.5 GPa). To improve the high-P constraints on H2O concentration at the granite liquidus, we performed experiments in a piston–cylinder apparatus at 1.0 GPa using a range of haplogranite compositions in the albite (Ab: NaAlSi3O8)—orthoclase (Or: KAlSi3O8)—quartz (Qz: SiO2)—H2O system. We used equal weight fractions of the feldspar components and varied the Qz between 20 and 30 wt%. In each experiment, synthetic granitic composition glass + H2O was homogenized well above the liquidus T, and T was lowered by increments until quartz and alkali feldspar crystalized from the liquid. To establish reversed equilibrium, we crystallized the homogenized melt at the lower T and then raised T until we found that the crystalline phases were completely resorbed into the liquid. The reversed liquidus minimum temperatures at 3.0, 4.1, 5.8, 8.0, and 12.0 wt% H2O are 935–985, 875–900, 775–800, 725–775, and 650–675 °C, respectively. Quenched charges were analyzed by petrographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). The equation for the reversed haplogranite liquidus minimum curve for Ab36.25Or36.25Qz27.5 (wt% basis) at 1.0 GPa is $$T = - 0.0995 w_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}}^{ 3} + 5.0242w_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}}^{ 2} - 88.183 w_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}} + 1171.0$$ for $$0 \le w_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}} \le 17$$ wt% and $$T$$ is in °C. We present a revised $$P - T$$ diagram of liquidus minimum H2O isopleths which integrates data from previous determinations of vapor-saturated melting and the lower pressure vapor-undersaturated melting studies conducted by other workers on the haplogranite system. For lower H2O (<5.8 wt%) and higher temperature, our results plot on the high end of the extrapolated water contents at liquidus minima when compared to the previous estimates. As a consequence, amounts of metaluminous granites that can be produced from lower crustal biotite–amphibole gneisses by dehydration melting are more restricted than previously thought.
The Systems Fallacy: From Operations Research to Contemporary Cost-Benefit Analysis: The Perils of Systems Analysis, Past and Present

This article analyzes the birth and emergence of the idea of the “criminal justice system” in the 1960s and the fundamentally transformative effect that the idea of a “system” has had in the area of criminal law and criminal procedure. The manuscript develops a critique of the systems analytic approach to legal and policy decision making. It then discusses how that critique relates to the broader area of public policy and contemporary cost-benefit analysis. The article identifies what it calls “the systems fallacy” or the central problem with approaching policy questions from a systems analytic approach: namely, the hidden normative dimension of the choice of scope of the metaphorical system. It argues that the systems analytic approach flips the proper relationship between method and substance, or to be more exact, between policy making and politics. Instead of the decision-making method serving to further the preferences of society, the decisional procedure silently imposes values on society.
MICU2 Restricts Spatial Crosstalk between InsP3R and MCU Channels by Regulating Threshold and Gain of MICU1-Mediated Inhibition and Activation of MCU

Ca2+ entry into mitochondria is mediated by the Ca2+ uniporter-channel complex containing MCU, the Ca2+-selective pore, and associated regulatory proteins. The roles of MICU proteins are controversial. MICU1 was proposed to be necessary for MCU activity, whereas subsequent studies suggested it inhibits the channel in the low-cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c) regime, a mechanism referred to as "gatekeeping," that imposes a [Ca2+]c threshold for channel activation at ∼1-3 μM. Here, we measured MCU activity over a wide range of quantitatively controlled and recorded [Ca2+]c. MICU1 alone can mediate gatekeeping as well as highly cooperative activation of MCU activity, whereas the fundamental role of MICU2 is to regulate the threshold and gain of MICU1-mediated inhibition and activation of MCU. Our results provide a unifying model for the roles of the MICU1/2 heterodimer in MCU-channel regulation and suggest an evolutionary role for MICU2 in spatially restricting Ca2+ crosstalk between single inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) and MCU channels.
Extending the DIDEO ontology to include entities from the natural product drug interaction domain of discourse.

Prompted by the frequency of concomitant use of prescription drugs with natural products, and the lack of knowledge regarding the impact of pharmacokinetic-based natural product-drug interactions (PK-NPDIs), the United States National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health has established a center of excellence for PK-NPDI. The Center is creating a public database to help researchers (primarly pharmacologists and medicinal chemists) to share and access data, results, and methods from PK-NPDI studies. In order to represent the semantics of the data and foster interoperability, we are extending the Drug-Drug Interaction and Evidence Ontology (DIDEO) to include definitions for terms used by the data repository. This is feasible due to a number of similarities between pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions and PK-NPDIs. To achieve this, we set up an iterative domain analysis in the following steps. In Step 1 PK-NPDI domain experts produce a list of terms and definitions based on data from PK-NPDI studies, in Step 2 an ontology expert creates ontologically appropriate classes and definitions from the list along with class axioms, in Step 3 there is an iterative editing process during which the domain experts and the ontology experts review, assess, and amend class labels and definitions and in Step 4 the ontology expert implements the new classes in the DIDEO development branch. This workflow often results in different labels and definitions for the new classes in DIDEO than the domain experts initially provided; the latter are preserved in DIDEO as separate annotations. Step 1 resulted in a list of 344 terms. During Step 2 we found that 9 of these terms already existed in DIDEO, and 6 existed in other OBO Foundry ontologies. These 6 were imported into DIDEO; additional terms from multiple OBO Foundry ontologies were also imported, either to serve as superclasses for new terms in the initial list or to build axioms for these terms. At the time of writing, 7 terms have definitions ready for review (Step 2), 64 are ready for implementation (Step 3) and 112 have been pushed to DIDEO (Step 4). Step 2 also suggested that 26 terms of the original list were redundant and did not need implementation; the domain experts agreed to remove them. Step 4 resulted in many terms being added to DIDEO that help to provide an additional layer of granularity in describing experimental conditions and results, e.g. transfected cultured cells used in metabolism studies and chemical reactions used in measuring enzyme activity. These terms also were integrated into the NaPDI repository. We found DIDEO to provide a sound foundation for semantic representation of PK-NPDI terms, and we have shown the novelty of the project in that DIDEO is the only ontology in which NPDI terms are formally defined.
Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic Region

A study of the marine gastropods of the subgenus Murex sensu stricto (type M. tribulus Linne) shows that in the fossil record of the western Atlantic region there are 19 species-groups referable to this subgenus. From the same area 15 Recent species are known, only four of which occur in the paleontological record. The oldest species definitely referable to this group appear in the lower Miocene with ten species of this age reported from localities extending from Florida to Brazil. Two subgroups may be recognized, one here termed the "Western Atlantic" subgroup, the other the "IndoPacific" subgroup. Both subgroups are present in the western Atlantic today, with the "Indo-Pacific" group generally inhabiting water less than 50 fathoms in depth, and the "Western Atlantic" group in the cooler water of somewhat greater depths.
Genetics of Low-Level Antibiotic Resistance in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

The Genetics of resistance in the gonococcus was studied by mutation and transformation, in laboratory and clinical strains. Low-level penicillin resistance was the result of mutations at penA, ery and penB, which additively resulted in an approximate 100-fold increase in penicillin resistance, to an MIC of 1,0 pg/ml, Mutation at ery resulted in very-low level increases in resistance (two to eight fold) to diverse drugs, detergents and dyes, probably by decreasing cell envelope permeability, Mutations at loci designated envA and envB resulted in increased sensitivity to the same drugs, detergents and dyes, probably by increasing cell envelope permeability. All studied genes were chromosomal, and no evidence was found for drug-inactivating enzymes.
Revascularization of AlloDerm Used during Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery.

Objectives AlloDerm is an acellular dermal matrix often used for reconstruction throughout the body. AlloDerm has been shown to undergo revascularization when used to reconstruct soft tissue such as in abdominal wall reconstruction. In this study, the authors review the literature on revascularization of AlloDerm and demonstrate the histologic findings of AlloDerm after implantation during skull base reconstruction. Study Design Literature review and case reports. Setting Tertiary Care Institution Participants Patients from a tertiary care institution Main Outcome Measures Histologic slides are evaluated and compared with nonimplanted AlloDerm. Methods The authors review a case of explanted AlloDerm that had been used for skull base reconstruction after endoscopic skull base surgery. Results Upon reviewing the histologic slides of explanted AlloDerm to nonimplanted AlloDerm, we demonstrate revascularization of AlloDerm when used in skull base reconstruction. Representative slides will be included. Conclusions AlloDerm undergoes revascularization when used for skull base reconstruction.
Heavy metal poisoning: management of intoxication and antidotes

Of the known elements, nearly 80% are either metals or metalloids. The highly reactive nature of most metals result in their forming complexes with other compounds such oxygen, sulfide and chloride. Although this reactivity is the primary means by which they are toxic, many metals, in trace amounts, are vital to normal physiological processes; examples include iron in oxygen transport, manganese and selenium in antioxidant defense and zinc in metabolism. With these essential metals toxicity occurs when concentrations are either too low or too high. For some metals there are no physiological concentrations that are beneficial; as such these metals only have the potential to cause toxicity. This chapter focuses on four of these: arsenic, mercury, lead and thallium.
Effects of Ethanol on Lipid, Uric Acid, Intermediary, and Drug Metabolism, Including the Pathogenesis of the Alcoholic Fatty Liver

As early as 1918, Feigl described hyperlipemia in association with alcoholism. This original observation has been widely confirmed but it is only recently that the biochemical mechanisms involved have been studied.
Multiple complex and multiple real soliton solutions for the integrable sine-Gordon equation

Abstract In this work, we study the integrable sine-Gordon equation which is related to the short pulse equation (SPE). We show that this equation passes the Painleve test to confirm its integrability. We introduce new complex forms of the simplified Hirota's method to formally derive multiple complex soliton solutions for this equation. Our results show that the complex simplified Hirota's method explicitly constructs new multiple complex soliton solutions for more integrable equations.
Explainable deep learning based medical diagnostic system

Abstract Recently, many researchers have conducted data mining over medical data to uncover hidden patterns and use them to learn prediction models for clinical decision making and personalized medicine. While such healthcare learning models can achieve encouraging results, they seldom incorporate existing expert knowledge into their frameworks and hence prediction accuracy for individual patients can still be improved. However, expert knowledge spans across various websites and multiple databases with heterogeneous representations and hence is difficult to harness for improving learning models. In addition, patients' queries at medical consult websites are often ambiguous in their specified terms and hence the returned responses may not contain the information they seek. To tackle these problems, we first design a knowledge extraction framework that can generate an aggregated dataset to characterize diseases by integrating heterogeneous medical data sources. Then, based on the integrated dataset, we propose an end-to-end deep learning based medical diagnosis system ( D L - M D S ) to provide disease diagnosis for authorized users. We also provide explanations for the diagnose results. Evaluations on real-world data demonstrate that our proposed system achieves good performance on diseases diagnosis with a diverse set of patients’ queries.
Socialization of Doctoral Students: Implications for Social Work Education.

Recent discussions on social work education increasingly have drawn attention to doctoral education. The purpose of this article is to consider these discussions that debated some of the ways of im...
Hitting Reset on Sediment Toxicity: Sediment Homogenization Alters the Toxicity of Metal-Amended Sediments

Laboratory testing of sediments frequently involves manipulation by amendment with contaminants and homogenization, which changes the physicochemical structure of sediments. These changes can influence the bioavailability of divalent metals, and field and mesocosm experiments have shown that laboratory-derived thresholds are often overly conservative. We assessed the mechanisms that lead to divergence between laboratory- and field-derived thresholds; specifically, we assessed the importance of slow equilibration to solid-phase ligands and vertical stratification. To mimic natural physicochemical conditions, we uniquely aged sediment with a flow-through exposure system. These sediments were then homogenized and compared, toxicologically, with freshly metal-amended sediments in a 28-d chronic toxicity bioassay with the amphipod Hyalella azteca. We assessed concentration-response relationships for 3 metals (copper, nickel, and zinc) and 5 geochemically distinct sediments. We observed minimal differences in growth and survival of H. azteca between aged and freshly spiked sediments across all sediments and metals. These trends suggest that a loss of toxicity observed during long-term sediment aging is reversed after sediment homogenization. By comparison with mesocosm experiments, we demonstrate that homogenizing sediment immediately before toxicity assays may produce artificially high toxicity thresholds. We suggest that toxicity assays with sediments that maintain vertical redox gradients are needed to generate field-relevant sediment metal toxicity thresholds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1995-2007. © 2019 SETAC.
Abstract 2087: Mechanistic studies reveal novel molecular insights on anticancer properties of F10 compound in human colon cancer cells

Fluoropyrimidine (FP) drugs, mainly 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), constitute the backbone of combination chemotherapy regimens (e.g. FOLFOX and FOLFIRI) for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide a survival benefit for patients with stage II, III, and IV colorectal cancer. However, 5 year survival rate for CRC patients with metastatic disease is less than 10%. This dreadful situation suggests urgent need for novel and more potent FPs to improve the outcomes of these patients. We have developed novel fluoropyrimidine drug polymers (e.g. F10) that show promising antitumor activity in multiple pre-clinical models even while displaying reduced systemic toxicities. F10 is taken up by malignant cells via active transport compared to 5-Fluorouracil, which is taken up by diffusion in malignant and non-malignant cells. Additionally, F10 compound is primarily incorporated into DNA, and produced thymidylate synthase and topoisomerase toxic metabolites at greater levels, whereas 5-Fluorouracil is primarily incorporated into RNA, and only has about 5-10% production of active form of thymidylate synthase toxic metabolites. MMR is involved in repairing the DNA mismatches and FP drugs induced DNA damage. Interestingly, our studies show that F10 acts by different mechanisms compared to 5-FU. Particularly, F10 treated CRC cells exhibit replication stress as evidenced by paused and slow progression of replication forks and R-loops formation at the active transcriptional regions, suggesting replication and transcription dependent generation of DNA lesions in these cells. F10 treatment induced several fold increased DNA double strand breaks (DSB) as measured by COMET assays and about 1000 folds more cytotoxicity to CRC cells compared to 5-FU. Similarly, F10 treatment activated distinctive DNA damage responses in MMR proficient CRC cells compared MMR deficient cells. Additionally, our studies suggest F10 as a promising therapeutic agent for CRC therapy either alone or in combination with CHK1 and PARP inhibitors. Citation Format: Chinnadurai Mani, William Gmeiner, Komaraiah Palle. Mechanistic studies reveal novel molecular insights on anticancer properties of F10 compound in human colon cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2087.
Revisiting the Roles of Primary Care Clinicians in Genetic Medicine.

This Viewpoint describes 4 approaches for primary care clinicians to incorporate genetics care into their practices, and the systems-level interventions needed
Multilaboratory Evaluation of Serum Analysis for HLA Antibody and Crossmatch Reactivity by Lymphocytotoxicity MethodsResults of the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics/College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Surveys During 1993–2000

○ Context.-This report presents results of the serum antibody analysis and crossmatch challenges in the proficiency testing program for histocompatibility testing jointly sponsored by the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics and the College of American Pathologists. Objective.-To obtain information about consensus rates among participating laboratories that reported antibody screening and crossmatch results by direct complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity (CDC) and/or anti-human globulin (AHG)-augmentation methods. Design.-We analyzed responses from approximately 165 laboratories participating in 32 surveys during 1993-2000. Most of the testing was done by CDC methods, but increasing proportions of laboratories are using AHG augmentation of these techniques; almost one half of the serum screenings and crossmatches were done by AHG. Results.-A total of 40 serum specimens were screened to determine the percent panel-reactive antibody (PRA) and identify HLA-specific antibodies. Participants often reported very wide ranges of PRA values. Panel-reactive antibody ranges exceeded 60 percentage points for 16 (40%) of the serum screening results by CDC and for 31 (77%) of the results by AHG. The interlaboratory variability of PRA values suggests that in many laboratories, the CDC or AHG procedures were often too insensitive or overly sensitive. The antibody identification results revealed inconsistent patterns among the participants performing CDC or AHG screening. Most participants reported the same primary antibody specificities by both methods. The consensus levels were generally high for the monospecific sera. On the other hand, there was much less agreement among the participants if the sera reacted with 2 or more HLA antigens. Participants using the more sensitive AHG method reported additional antibody specificities in many specimens, but invariably the consensus levels were rather low. A total of 192 serum-cell combinations were used for the crossmatch challenges. There was considerable interlaboratory variability; 21% of the CDC crossmatches and 36% of AHG crossmatches failed to reach the 90% consensus threshold. Conclusions.-This experience demonstrates considerable inconsistencies in serum screening and crossmatching among laboratories participating in the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics/College of American Pathologists surveys. A lack of uniformity in test results may limit the efficient application of these methods in a clinical setting. Standardization of crossmatch and antibody screening techniques is highly desirable.