cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radar Monitoring of Wetland Hydrology: Dynamic Information for the Assessment of Ecosystem Services

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data can improve the ability to map and monitor forested wetlands. Forested wetland maps were developed using multiple incidence angle ENVISAT ASAR (C-HH) for the Tuckahoe River Watershed, Maryland. These maps were compared with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) maps. Radar derived wetland maps and NWI maps showed a high level of agreement (88%). The radar derived wetland maps and SSURGO demonstrated a lower level of agreement (54%), primarily due to a greater estimate of hydric soils by SSURGO than forested wetlands by the SAR derived maps.
On the Conjunction Fallacy in Probability Judgment: New Experimental Evidence

This paper reports the results of experiments designed to test whether and to what extent individuals succumb to the conjunction fallacy. Using the Kahneman and Tversky (1983) experimental design, we find that given mild incentives, the proportion of individuals who violate the conjunction principle is significantly lower than that reported by Kahneman and Tversky. Moreover, when subjects are allowed to consult with other subjects, these proportions fall dramatically, particularly when the size of the group rises from two to three. These findings cast serious doubts about the importance and robustness of such violations for the understanding of real-life economic decisions.
Cross-linguistic syntactic priming in bilingual children

Previous research has used cross-linguistic priming methodology with bilingual adults to explore the nature of their syntactic representations. The present paper extends the use of this methodology to bilingual children to investigate the relation between the syntactic structures of their two languages. Specifically, we examined whether the use of passives by the experimenter in one language primed the subsequent use of passives by the child in the other language. Results showed evidence of syntactic priming from Spanish to English: hearing a Spanish sentence containing a passive led to the increase in children's production of the parallel structure in English. However, there was no priming in the other direction: hearing an English sentence containing a passive did not increase children's use of the parallel structure in Spanish. These results provide evidence for both the integration of syntactic representations in bilingual children and the asymmetry of the relation between their two languages.
A Mef2 gene that generates a muscle-specific isoform via alternative mRNA splicing

Members of the myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors bind a conserved A/T-rich sequence in the control regions of numerous muscle-specific genes. Mammalian MEF2 proteins have been shown previously to be encoded by three genes, Mef2, xMef2, and Mef2c, each of which gives rise to multiple alternatively spliced transcripts. We describe the cloning of a new member of the MEF2 family from mice, termed MEF2D, which shares extensive homology with other MEF2 proteins but is the product of a separate gene. MEF2D binds to and activates transcription through the MEF2 site and forms heterodimers with other members of the MEF2 family. Deletion mutations show that the carboxyl terminus of MEF2D is required for efficient transactivation. MEF2D transcripts are widely expressed, but alternative splicing of MEF2D transcripts gives rise to a muscle-specific isoform which is induced during myoblast differentiation. The mouse Mef2, Mef2c, and Mef2d genes map to chromosomes 7, 13, and 3, respectively. The complexity of the MEF2 family of regulatory proteins provides the potential for fine-tuning of transcriptional responses as a consequence of combinatorial interactions among multiple MEF2 isoforms encoded by the four Mef2 genes.
A review of seventeen cases of interesting anomalies of the female genital tract

Abstract This report consists in a review of the embryology of the female genital system, a brief review of the various theories concerning the etiology of uterine abnormalities, and the pertinent findings in 17 cases of uterine abnormalities. This group represents 11 adults and 6 children. In 2 cases there was a familial history of congenital abnormalities and in 9 cases there were abnormalities other than those of the genital system. Four of the patients had menstrual symptoms and 9 of the patients were married. Five of the married patients never had been pregnant. Four of the patients collectively had been pregnant 15 times. These pregnancies had resulted in 11 children, 1 stillbirth, and 3 miscarriages.
To play or not to play? That's a resource abundance question

Although play occurs in a wide variety of animals, models of the origins of play behavior are lacking. We propose a novel computational model exploring the evolution of non-social frivolous play. Asexually reproducing semelparous animals can either rest or forage. Foraging occurs when an organism is below an energy threshold. Success is determined by the combination of skill and availability of resources, which declines over time but replenishes for each generation. Play was introduced as a mutant strategy: a frivolous activity that uses energy and increases the probability of dying over resting with no direct fitness benefit. Simulations show that play behavior becomes fixed in the population and the time spent playing is maintained at a low rate in spite of its costly nature. When play behavior is functional by increasing foraging ability, it evolves quickly and the time individuals spend playing increases, but eventually the population of players collapses and play disappears. We suggest a mechanism underlying the origins of adaptive play from non-adaptive behavior when resources expand. Initially play acts as a spiteful behavior in that playing individuals suffer a direct cost to their fitness, but also may incur even greater costs to other individuals in the population.
The Oncogenic Potential of Bioreductive Drugs

Bioreductive drugs, for use as hypoxic cell cytotoxic agents or radiosensitizers selectively active against cells deficient in oxygen, have a promising future to supplement and augment existing anticancer modalities. With improvements in cancer therapy and an increase in the number of patients who survive, there is mounting concern that agents used to treat cancer may themselves have the potential to induce new malignancies.
“We are All Babylonians” Afro-Americans in Africa

air France jet lifted off the runway of the New York airport, and all the Afro-Americans aboard applauded. There were sighs of relief that at last they were leaving racist, oppressive America and were heading "home"to Africa. There would be many hours before the chartered plane would land in Dakar, Senegal, so during the flight all the participantsblack and white college students from across the countryspent their time in talk, song and sleep. In preparation for the flight, the black participants had held a caucus at the orientation session in New Jersey. A sister there who had been to Africa before was concerned
Abstract LB-419: Multi-scalar approaches to interrogate the IκBα:NF-κB negative feedback loop: Quantitative dynamics in single cells, cell populations, and live animals in vivo

Cells have evolved complex molecular networks to sense environmental signals, transmit this information through the cell, and elicit appropriate biological responses. In particular, negative feedback loops represent a widely-utilized network motif capable of eliciting transient responses. To truly understand the biological significance of negative feedback processes, it is critical to study them at multiple scales: in single cells, in cell populations, and in animals. The IκBα:NF-κB negative feedback loop, a pivotal regulatory node of innate immunity and inflammation active in both immune cells and non-immune tissues, represents a model system for the use of multi-scalar reporter systems. To this end, we have utilized the κB 5 →IκBα-FLuc bioluminescent reporter to study dynamics of this transcriptionally-coupled negative feedback loop in response to diverse modes of stimulation which may be particularly relevant during cellular responses to inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα. The κB 5 →IκBα-FLuc reporter enabled rigorous evaluation of the stimulus-specific dynamics of βκγα degradation and the downstream consequences of NF-κΔ nuclear translocation (i.e., NF-κΔ transcriptional activity) in single cells, cell populations and live animals in vivo. In response to modulation of TNFα concentration and pulse duration, complex, differential patterns in βκγα degradation and re-synthesis were discovered in both cell populations and single cells. Furthermore, IκBα dynamics observed in live animals in vivo upon modulation of TNFα dose strongly resembled those observed in single cells and cell populations upon modulating TNFα pulse duration, suggesting that increased doses of circulating TNFα were perceived by hepatocytes in vivo as pulses of increasing duration. Thus, a single bioluminescent reporter strategy enabled correlative quantitation of dynamic NF-κα:βκβα negative feedback loop responses in live single cells, cell populations, and tissues in vivo with a variety of rapid, low-cost, high-throughput approaches. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-419. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-419
Dissociative chemisorption of D2 on a Ni13 cluster

Selected characteristic results of a quasiclassical trajectory study of dissociative adsorption of a D2 molecule on a Ni13 cluster are presented. These include detailed probabilities as functions of the impact parameter and of the relative translational energy of D2, and cross sections as functions of this energy. The roles of the initial rovibrational state of the D2 molecule and of the initial temperature of the cluster are examined. The effect of freezing the cluster into a rigid geometry is tested.
Innovation and gradually improvement of ADR monitoring based on the grass roots

ADR monitoring is an important part of drug administration. This article summarizes the work of ADR on the basis of working practice in Wuqing. It is expected to achieve the aim of developing and improving the quality of ADR monitoring.
Study on the intelligence growth and its effect factors of 3105 infants

Objective:To understand the status of intelligence growth,structural balance of infants and their effect factors,discover and interfere in the obstacles of intelligence growth.Methods:Intelligence check-up of infants was included into systematic management,and conducted regularly by DST method,then effect factors like perinatal environment,cultivation,disease and family of intelligence growth were surveyed.Results:3 105 infants were investigated during 5 years,compared with other children,the intelligence growth of children with senior pregnant mother,multiple delivery,premature delivery,low body weight,suction apparatus-aided delivery,artificial feeding,without antenatal training and positive family disturbance of intelligence history were lower(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion:Senior pregnant mother,multiple delivery,premature delivery,low body weight,suction apparatus-aided delivery,artificial feeding,without antenatal training and positive family disturbance of intelligence history are effect factors of intelligence growth of infants.
Mycoplasma: isolation from prepuce and semen of bulls.

Mycoplasmas were isolated from the prepuce of 12 of 45 bulls and the semen of 2 of the 12 preputial-positive animals, and also from the semen of 1 of the 33 bulls which had not yielded mycoplasmas in the preputial sample. It appears, therefore, necessary to examine both preputial material and semen to detect potential shedders of Mycoplasma. Addition of fresh yeast extract to a solid medium of Bacto PPLO agar + Bacto PPLO serum fraction (1 %) + horse blood (5 %), and 0.005 % of 8 nucleosides (adenosine, cytidine, deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine, deoxyguanosine, guanosine, thymidine, and uridine) enhanced the number of isolations considerably. Aerobic incubation was preferable to incubation with air plus 10 % CO2.
La cerámica manao y el papel de los Manao en la Amazonia.

This article describes the Manao ceramics collected by Johann Netterer in 1830 or 1831. This set of ceramical pieces is formed by jugs and bowls decorated with large incisions and painting, applied after baking. Comparisons with the contemporary ceramics of the Negro river and of the upper Amazony indicate that the forms of these vessels have close relations with the Baniwa ceramics of the I?ana river, even if the painting on the latter is applied prior to baking. A Baniwa jug collected also by Netterer demonstrates that the two indiginous traditions already differred at that epoch. Everything points to the fact that the commom ancestry of Manao and Baniwa ceramics may be found in the araquinoid tradition of the Orinoco river.
Not a Woman, but a Soldier: Exploring Identity through Translocational Positionality

Recent debate over integrating women into U.S. military combat units presents an opportunity to examine the gender identities and experiences of women in the military. Here, we examine the context-dependent prominence of intersecting identities including work role and gender ascribed to female soldiers in Special Operations. Using a mixed methods approach, based on 28 focus groups with 198 soldiers and a survey conducted with 1701 men and 214 women, we argue that female soldiers’ experiences refute their male colleagues’ assumptions regarding their ability to serve in combat units. The experience of identity in the workplace is different for men and women because women experience fluidity in their identity depending on with whom they are interacting and where interactions occur, whereas men experience and understand gender identity as a fixed, static trait. Although women experience the fluidity of their gender identity based on context, their male colleagues remain oblivious to the contextual nature of gender identity while also maintaining their authority in policing the boundaries of gender in the military context. Our research adds nuance to literature on identity, demonstrating the fluctuating nature of ascribed identity, which shines light on the socially constructed, artificial barriers to women’s ascension in the workplace.
Application-specific topology-independent routing for multi-hop wireless networks

Provisioning of rich routing building blocks to mobile ad-hoc networking applications has been of high interest. Several multi-hop wireless network applications need flexibility in describing paths their traffic will follow. To accommodate this need, previous work has proposed several viable routing schemes such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Trajectory-Based Routing (TBR). However, tradeoffs involved in the interaction of these routing schemes and the application-specific requirements or constraints have not been explored. Particularly, techniques to help the application to do the right routing choices based on a desired metric are much needed. Depending on the application's goals, routing choices should be steered for different metrics rather than the traditional notion of shortest-path in terms of distance. For instance, obstacle or hostility avoidance would require "accurate" paths, end-to-end traffic engineering/balancing would require "minimum utilization" paths, low delay routing for multimedia traffic would require "short distance" paths, and, finally, low loss routing for reliable end-to-end transfers would require "minimum congestion" paths. Our focus in this dissertation is the "accuracy" of paths. First, we consider techniques that minimize routing protocol state costs under application-based constraints. We study the constraint of "accuracy" of the application's desired route, as this constraint provides a range of choices to the applications. As a crucial part of this optimization framework, we investigate the tradeoff between the packet header size and the network state. We, then, apply our framework to the case of TBR with application-based accuracy constraints in obeying a given trajectory and show that approximating trajectories under such accuracy constraints is NP-hard. We develop heuristics solving this problem and illustrate their performance. Second, we take our TBR framework to a more general solution by adding automated trajectory generator and end-to-end traffic engineering support. We focus on the context of multi-hop wireless protocols for which application-specific needs are emphasized along with a highly dynamic underlying network environment. We propose a framework supporting a standardized way of interfacing between the network routing and the wireless applications. We use this framework to develop a roadmap-based trajectory planning scheme to engineer the end-to-end traffic over multi-hop wireless networks. We illustrate how our roadmap-based approach can automate the process of planning/selecting the trajectories so that better balancing of the traffic is achieved. We compare our roadmap-based trajectory planning approach to its shortest-path routing counterpart, Greedy Parameter Stateless Routing (GPSR), and show that beneficial tradeoffs can be attained.
Impact of 3D capillary heterogeneity and bedform architecture at the sub-meter scale on CO2 saturation for buoyant flow in clastic aquifers

Abstract During the post-injection and stabilization period of geological carbon sequestration, the primary forces governing CO 2 migration and entrapment are capillarity and buoyancy, delineating a specific field of application for numerical flow models. In contrast with conventional modeling approaches that assume laminar viscous flow regime, a modified invasion percolation simulator is used to mimic the physics of fluid flow for vanishing pressure gradients. The current investigation extends a previous study simulating 2D CO 2 invasion through stochastic and natural geologic models. Research presented here expands methods for addressing role of heterogeneity on fluid migration by quantifying the influence of 3D variability in threshold capillary pressure and bedform architecture on CO 2 saturation. The goal is to develop a predictive method for volumetric storage capacity for buoyant flow conditions. Realistic sedimentary models are generated for eight common clastic facies with accurately represented bedform morphology. Resulting 3D models consist of matrix and lamina cells that are populated independently with probability density functions representative of sandstone lithologies with different grain sizes and sorting. Results from thousands of MIP simulations reveal saturation in the eight models to be a non-linear function that is primarily influenced by the contrast in threshold capillary pressures between matrix and lamina (observable lithologic heterogeneity), suggesting some predictive ability is achievable from common sedimentologic descriptors, although quantifying the independent effect of depositional architecture remains more difficult.
Quantum Critical Behavior with Massless Staggered Fermions in Three Dimensions

We report on studies of quantum critical behavior in three dimensional lattice Gross-Neveu models with one flavor of staggered fermions. We focus on two models, one with SU(2)×Z2 symmetry and the other with an SU(2)×U(1) symmetry. Both these models could not be studied earlier with conventional Monte Carlo methods due to sign problems. However, the fermion bag approach is free of sign problems for these models and allows us to compute the critical exponents at the quantum phase transition that separates the massless fermion phase at small couplings and the massive fermion phase at large couplings. Our results help resolve some old puzzles in the field.
Tuberculosis of Olfactory Area: A Rare Presentation

Nasal tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity even in developing countries where tuberculosis of respiratory tract is extremely high. It becomes more difficult to diagnose if it presents with symptoms which are not commonly associated with nasal tuberculosis. Here we report the diagnosis, treatment and follow up of a rare case of primary nasal tuberculosis of olfactory groove region. Early diagnosis and timely treatment will certainly reduce the morbidity of this disease.
Examining correlations between preparation experiences of US technology and engineering educators and their teaching of science content and practices

The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent of the relationship between select technology and science preparation experiences of United States (US) technology and engineering (T&E) teachers and their teaching of science content and practices. Utilizing a fully integrated mixed methods design (Teddlie and Tashakkori in Res Schools 13(1):12–28, 2006), this study was conducted to inform the pre- and in-service preparation needs for US T&E educators. A random sample of 55 Foundations of Technology (FoT) teachers across 12 US county school systems within an International Technology and Engineering Educators Association consortium state participated in an online survey, leading to eight teachers being purposefully selected for classroom observations. Data collected from the surveys and classroom observations were analyzed through Spearman’s rho tests to examine the strength of the relationships between certain formal/informal preparation factors and the teaching of science content and practices. These data were corroborated with FoT curriculum content analyses, classroom observation audio recordings and notes, and interview responses to help validate the results. Analyses of the data revealed significant correlations between specific formal and informal preparation experiences and the observed teaching of science content and practices. The findings and conclusions drawn from the data analyses provided implications for T&E educators, science educators, educational researchers, pre-service programs, and in-service professional development efforts.
Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation Efficiency via Wavefront Shaping

Optical second harmonic generation is a fundamental nonlinear effect with a large impact on laser technology and optical imaging/sensing. For most practical applications of second harmonic generation, high conversion efficiency is required. However, many techniques used to achieve high efficiency are limited to fabrication methods and optical energy requirements. Here, we investigate and demonstrate substantial enhancement in the conversion efficiency of second harmonic generation in a nonlinear crystal via the application of wavefront shaping. In a one-dimensional understanding of second harmonic generation, a phase offset applied to the fundamental wave has no effect on the intensity of the generated light. We show that when the pump field is not a plane wave, enhanced conversion efficiency can be controlled by the application of a phase mask to the fundamental beam. This investigation of the dependence of conversion efficiency upon the transverse phase profile of the incident pump laser yields the prom...
Trends of inguinal hernia repairs performed for recurrence in the United States

Background One of the main complications of inguinal hernia repair continues to be recurrence. Commonly cited prior reports from relatively small studies estimate this rate to be 1% to 5% in the United States. Although some reports have found higher recurrence rates, they get little attention on the national stage or in other large studies. We sought to determine the trend of inguinal hernia repairs performed for recurrence over time using large national databases. Methods We identified patients aged ≥18 years who underwent inguinal hernia repair from three sources: the Premier database (January 2010 to September 2015), the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (January 2005 to December 2014), and the Mayo Clinic institutions (January 2005 to December 2014). We evaluated the incidence of primary and recurrent inguinal hernia repairs stratified by sex over time using one-tailed Cochran-Armitage tests. Results In the Premier database, of the 317,636 inguinal hernia repairs, the proportion performed for recurrence had a small decrease in males from 11.4% in 2010 to 10.5% in 2015 ( P P = .46). In the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, of the 180,512 inguinal hernia repairs, there was no change for either sex: 10.5% to 11.2% (2005–2014, P = .12) in males and 6.2% to 7.1% (2005–2014, P = .11) in females. Within our institution, in the 9,216 patients identified, there was no change in the proportion of inguinal hernia repairs for recurrence in males: 13.3% to 11.5% (2005–2014, P = .25). In females, the proportion increased from 1.3% to 12.0% during the study period ( P = .006). Conclusion Based on these larger evaluations of recurrent inguinal hernia surgery, the current literature on inguinal hernia repair recurrence is skewed and overly optimistic.
Grape proanthocyanidin-induced intestinal bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila is dependent on its baseline abundance and precedes activation of host genes related to metabolic health

We previously showed that C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 1% grape polyphenols (GP) for 12 weeks developed a bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila with attenuated metabolic syndrome symptoms. Here we investigated early timing of GP-induced effects and the responsible class of grape polyphenols. Mice were fed HFD, low-fat diet (LFD) or formulations supplemented with GP (HFD-GP, LFD-GP) for 14 days. Mice fed HFD-GP, but not LFD-GP, showed improved oral glucose tolerance compared to controls. A. muciniphila bloom occurred earlier in mice fed LFD-GP than HFD-GP; however, timing was dependent on baseline A. muciniphila levels rather than dietary fat. Mice gavaged for 10 days with GP extract (GPE) or grape proanthocyanidins (PACs), each delivering 360 mg PACs/kg body weight, induced a bloom of fecal and cecal A. muciniphila, the rate of which depended on initial A. muciniphila abundance. Grape PACs were sufficient to induce a bloom of A. muciniphila independent of specific intestinal gene expression changes. Gut microbial community analysis and in vitro inhibition of A. muciniphila by GPE or PACs suggest that the A. muciniphila bloom in vivo occurs via indirect mechanisms.
The 5th Lawrence R. Schehr Memorial Award Winning Essay

During the colonial era, visual representations of Morocco were controlled by the French, who exported imagery of Morocco as an exotic and backwards locale in need of intervention and modernization. While many Moroccans rejected colonial imagery in the immediate aftermath of independence, in the 1980s Moroccan scholars and institutions began reappropriating these images and reinterpreting them as a means of reclaiming the colonial past. This article analyzes the legacy of colonial imagery in post-colonial Morocco through the 1928 and 1956 publications of French photographer Marcelin Flandrin, Casablanca de 1889 a nos jours: album de photographies retrospectives et modernes montrant le developpement de la ville, subsequently reinterpreted and republished in 1988 by the Groupe de Recherches et d’Etudes sur Casablanca (GREC) as Casablanca retro. Through the intersection of imagery and inscription, these scholars avoid the uncritical and nostalgic view of the past that affect other reprints of colonial imager...
Lecture 1:The Information Processing Approach to Intelligence

The study of intelligence has been heavily influenced by an informal folk psychology of what constitutes cognitive behaviour. In Binet’s original intelligence test (Binet and Simon, 1905), items were based on what knowledgeable observers thought the “average” (or dull, or smart) person could do. In other words, the decision about what to test was based on an informal induction from observations of individual variations in mental competence rather than a formal deduction from theory of how competence is achieved. “Psychometric” theories of intelligence (Thurstone, 1938; Cattell, 1971; Guilford, 1967) replaced informal induction by formal mathematical models. Factor analysis and related techniques are used to determine the statistical adequacy of a particular mathematical model as a representation of the distribution of test scores. Interpreting the factors involves more intuition than formal deduction (McNemar, 1964). The point can be illustrated by considering a hypothetical model of individual performance on algebra word problems; the familiar studies about the time it takes to dig a ditch or the amount of change one gets in a transaction. A psychometrician might be able to predict individual performance by a linear combination of a person’s score on tests of verbal comprehension and numerical computation. Even if the prediction were perfect problem solution would not have been accounted for in any non-statistical sense, because no model of the process of problem solving would have been offered.
Understanding Enrichment and Therapy in Marriage: The Legacy of Kurt Lewin

While many think of Kurt Lewin as a small group researcher, as the originator of the t-group movement, and as having an impact on social and organizational change, the work of Lewin related to marriage is little known. Moreover, Lewin is not to be thought of only as a social psychologist who had an impact on the historical beginnings of marriage and family therapy. Rather, the genius of his approach to resolving problems can be effectively utilized today. He helped in increasing our understanding of defining marriage and in designing for marriage enrichment programs (or educational programs in the areas of learning skills related to marriage). Further, for therapists, Lewinian concepts help to conceive treatment plans for couples.
Secretory glycoconjugates of a mucin-synthesizing human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line. Analysis using double labeling with lectins.

Lectins were used to characterize mucin glycoproteins and other secretory glycoconjugates synthesized by a human colon adenocarcinoma-derived cell line which expresses a goblet cell phenotype. Despite being clonally derived, HT29-18N2 (N2) cells, like normal goblet cells in situ were heterogeneous in their glycosylation of mucin. Only wheat-germ agglutinin, which recognizes N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid residues, and succinylated wheat-germ agglutinin, which binds N-acetylglucosamine, stained the contents of all secretory granules in all N2 goblet cells. The N-acetylgalactosamine binding lectins Dolichos biflorus and Glycine max stained 20% and 21% of N2 goblet cells respectively. Ricinus communis I, a galactose-binding lectin, stained 67% of N2 goblet cells although staining by another galactose-binding lectin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, was limited to 19%. Peanut agglutinin, a lectin whose Gal(β1–3)GalNAc binding site is not present on mucins produced in the normal colon but which is found on most mucins of cancerous colonic epithelia, stained 68% of the cells. Ulex europeus I, a fucose-binding lectin, did not stain any N2 goblet cells. Four lectins (Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris E, Phaseolus vulgaris L) which recognize sugars normally present only in N-linked oligosaccharides stained up to 38% of N2 goblet cells. The binding of these lectins indicates either both O-linked and N-linked oligosac-charide chains are present on the mucin protein backbone or the co-existence of non-mucin N-linked glycoproteins and O-linked mucins within the goblet cell secretory granule.
Paradigms and paradoxes: Hess’ law and the thermodynamic validity of Jolly’s method for estimating bond dissociation energies

This study evaluates Jolly’s method to estimate the difference in homolytic bond dissociation energy between two isoelectronic molecules by the use of atomic and ionic electronegativities. The use of intermediate species as an energetic “stepping stone” between the two diatomic species in question is discussed, particularly within the context of Hess’ law. We also show a sample calculation for a pair of diatomic species that is fully consistent with data from atomic physics.
Fit & quit: An efficacy trial of two behavioral post-cessation weight gain interventions

While smoking cessation leads to significant improvements in both mortality and morbidity, post-cessation weight gain partially attenuates this benefit. Even though post-cessation weight gain is small (4.7 kg on average), it is a stated reason to delay cessation attempts and is associated with smoking relapse. Fit & Quit is a randomized, controlled efficacy trial that aims to examine the ability of a weight stability intervention and a weight loss intervention to reduce post-cessation weight gain. For this purpose, Fit & Quit will randomize participants to three conditions: (a) Small Changes, a weight gain prevention intervention; (b) Look AHEAD Intensive Lifestyle Intervention; and (c) a lower-intensity bibliotherapy intervention. All conditions will receive a highly efficacious behavioral (i.e., rate reduction skills, motivational interviewing) and pharmacological (i.e., varenicline) smoking cessation program. A total of 400 participants will be recruited and randomized to the three interventions. Participants will be recruited in waves, with 10 waves of approximately 40 participants per wave. The primary outcomes of this study include post-cessation weight gain and cessation status at 12-month follow-up. Fit & Quit will integrate and adapt the strongest evidence-based interventions available for weight management and smoking cessation. Fit & Quit is highly innovative in the areas of the target population, study design, and use of technology. For these reasons, we expect that Fit & Quit will make a significant public health contribution to curtailing the important cessation barrier of post-cessation weight gain.
Semisupervised Adversarial Discriminative Domain Adaptation, with Applicationto Remote Sensing Data

Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have received substantial attention in the literature for object recognition (e.g., buildings and roads) in several remote sensing data modalities (e.g., aerial color imagery). Although CNNs have exhibited excellent recognition performance, recent research suggests that trained CNNs can often perform very poorly when applied to data collected over new geographic regions, and for which little labeled training data is available. In this work, we consider the adversarial discriminative domain adaptation (ADDA) approach to address this limitation, due its recent success on related problems. A limitation of ADDA is that it is unsupervised, so in this work we extend ADDA to a semi-supervised algorithm, in which we assume that both labeled and unlabeled data are available in the new domain (e.g., in new geographic region to be evaluated). We compare semi-supervised ADDA to ADDA and a standard fine-tuning approach wherein available labeled data is used for standard CNN training. We perform experiments on two remote sensing datasets and the results indicate that semi-supervised ADDA consistently improves over the other approaches when small amounts of labeled training data are available in the new domain.
Methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity and behavioral sensitization: are dopamine d3 receptors involved?

Drug sensitization is a behavioral phenomenon that occurs following repeated administration of methamphetamine (METH) and similar CNS stimulants. The mechanism of drug sensitization is unknown, but is believed to be due to downregulation of dopamine D3 receptors. It is hypothesized that repeated administration of dopamine D3 agonists results in downregulation of D3 receptors in methamphetamine-induced (METH-IND) sensitization. Furthermore, repeated administration of dopamine D3 antagonists and METH cause upregulation of D3 receptors and block METH-IND sensitization. The objective of this study was to determine the role of D3 receptors in METH-IND sensitization. To test these hypotheses, male mice received chronic injections (i.p.) of 2 mg/kg of the dopamine D3 agonist, PD128907 plus 0.5 mg/kg of METH or 8 mg/kg of D3 antagonist, U99194A and 0.5 mg\kg of METH daily for 7-days. Drugs were withdrawn on day 8, and METH-IND sensitization was determined on day 18. Locomotor activity was measured for 75 minutes immediately after METH administration in an activity monitor. Acute administration of PD128907 decreased METH-IND locomotion, p 0.05). These findings support in-part the hypothesis that dopamine D3 receptors are downregulated in METH-IND sensitization.
Neuraminidase antigenic drift of H3N2 clade 3c.2a viruses alters virus replication, enzymatic activity and inhibitory antibody binding.

In the 2014–2015 influenza season a novel neuraminidase (NA) genotype was detected in global human influenza A surveillance. This novel genotype encoded an N-linked glycosylation site at position 245–247 in the NA protein from clade 3c.2a H3N2 viruses. In the years following the 2014–2015 season, this novel NA glycosylation genotype quickly dominated the human H3N2 population of viruses. To assess the effect this novel N-linked glycan has on virus fitness and antibody binding, recombinant viruses with (NA Gly+) or without (NA Gly-) the 245 NA glycan were created. Viruses with the 245 NA Gly+ genotype grew to a significantly lower infectious virus titer on primary, differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNEC) compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype, but growth was similar on immortalized cells. The 245 NA Gly+ blocked human and rabbit monoclonal antibodies that target the enzymatic site from binding to their epitope. Additionally, viruses with the 245 NA Gly+ genotype had significantly lower enzymatic activity compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype. Human monoclonal antibodies that target residues near the 245 NA glycan were less effective at inhibiting NA enzymatic activity and virus replication of viruses encoding an NA Gly+ protein compared to ones encoding NA Gly- protein. Additionally, a recombinant H6N2 virus with the 245 NA Gly+ protein was more resistant to enzymatic inhibition from convalescent serum from H3N2-infected humans compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype. Finally, the 245 NA Gly+ protected from NA antibody mediated virus neutralization. These results suggest that while the 245 NA Gly+ decreases virus replication in hNECs and decreases enzymatic activity, the 245 NA glycan blocks the binding of monoclonal and human serum NA specific antibodies that would otherwise inhibit enzymatic activity and virus replication.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Neonatal Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon but fatal disease in the pediatric age group, with a neonatal preponderance. The clinical presentation is nonspecific. Within the first 48 hours, the neonate usually presents with nonspecific signs such as respiratory distress, poor tone, and asphyxia. Neurological signs such as seizures, lethargy, apnea, and poor feeding set in later. We present the case of a neonatal CVT, presenting as asphyxia and respiratory depression on day 1 of life. CVT was diagnosed on neonatal cranial ultrasound. The patient died 3 days later.
Classifying the near-equality of ribbon Schur functions

Abstract We consider the problem of determining when the difference of two ribbon Schur functions is a single Schur function. We fully classify the five infinite families of pairs of ribbon Schur functions whose difference is a single Schur function with corresponding partition having at most two parts at least 2. We also prove an identity for differences of ribbon Schur functions and we determine some necessary conditions for such a difference to be Schur-positive, depending on the distribution of 1’s and the end row lengths.
Clinical psychology PhD students' admission experiences: Implications for recruiting racial/ethnic minority and LGBTQ students.

Aim The purpose of this study was to explore differences in the clinical psychology PhD program admissions experience (i.e., interviewing and decision-making) by race/ethnicity and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) identity. Methods Participants were 803 students (24% racial/ethnic minority; 19% LGBTQ) enrolled in US clinical psychology PhD programs. Two-group comparisons tested for differences in admission experiences by race/ethnicity and LGBTQ identity. Results Racial/ethnic minority and LGBTQ students considered a programmatic commitment to diversity as more important in application decisions compared to non-Hispanic White and cisgender heterosexual students, respectively. LGBTQ students were more likely to be advised to not discuss personal information (e.g., sexual orientation) than cisgender heterosexual students. Racial/ethnic minority and LGBTQ students identified financial considerations and program outcomes as more important in their decision-making compared with non-Hispanic White and cisgender heterosexual students, respectively. Conclusion Increasing funding and fostering authentic training environments should be prioritized in institutional conversations around recruiting racial/ethnic minority and LGBTQ trainees.
Clustering Methods for Real Estate Portfolios

A clustering algorithm is applied to effective rents for twenty-one U.S. office markets, and to twenty-two metropolitan markets using vacancy data. It provides support for the conjecture that there exists a few major families of cities: including an oil and gas group and an industrial Northeast group. Unlike other clustering studies, we find strong evidence of bicoastal city associations among cities such as Boston and Los Angeles. We present a bootstrapping methodology for investigating the robustness of the clustering algorithm, and develop a means for testing the significance of city associations. While the analysis is limited to aggregate rent and vacancy data, the results provide a guideline for the further application of cluster analysis to other types of real estate and economic information.
On Human Assisted Decision Making for Machines Using Correlated Observations

In this paper, the aim is to model the dependence between a continuous machine observation and a discrete human decision maker using copula theory for a binary hypothesis testing problem. We use a copula-based Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) and derive expressions for the probability of false alarm and the probability of detection when the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) is sufficiently large. When the machine observations are Gaussian with shifted means under the two hypotheses, we show the nature of the region in which the machine's observation falls, where there is no need for human assistance. We show that if the SNR is sufficiently large, the region that requires the human decision is a continuous interval.
Adjunctive Use of Intravenous Antibiotic Regional Limb Perfusion in Three Cranes with Distal Limb Infections.

Pododermatitis and wing lesions are commonly reported issues in captive crane species. Regional limb perfusion has been used as a treatment for distal limb infections in several avian species, as systemic antibiotic therapy is often prolonged and unrewarding. A black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis), Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus), and wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus) were treated with amikacin (5–10 mg/kg IV infusion) regional limb perfusion for cellulitis and osteomyelitis of hind limb digits and alular osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the carpus, respectively, with a range of 1–3 treatments per case. Clinical signs of infection resolved within 10–40 days following regional limb perfusion combined with oral or parental antibiotic therapy. No side effects were observed following regional limb perfusion. This is the first report of regional limb perfusion in cranes and the first report of intravenous regional limb perfusion in a wing of an avian species.
Dynamics of Antibacterial Drone Establishment in Staphylococcus aureus: Unexpected Effects of Antibiotic Resistance Genes.

The antibacterial drone (ABD) system is based on repurposing the phage-inducible staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) for use as antibacterial agents that are indifferent to antibiotic resistance. The ABDs were constructed by inserting tetM for tetracycline resistance (Tcr) selection, replacing the SaPI virulence genes with bactericidal or bacteriostatic genes such as CRISPR/cas9/agrA, whose expression kills by double-strand cleavage of agrA, or CRISPR/dcas9/agrP2P3, whose expression blocks the target organism's virulence. ABD DNA is packaged in phage-like particles that attack their staphylococcal targets in vivo as well as in vitro. We determine ABD titers by transfer frequency, enumerate surviving cells as a function of multiplicity, and analyze the fate of ABD DNA with green fluorescent protein. An initial study revealed surprisingly that many more cells were killed by the ABD than were measured by transduction. Our study of this phenomenon has revealed several important features of the ABD system: (i) a significant number of entering ABD DNA molecules do not go on to establish stable transductants (i.e., are abortive); (ii) ABD cargo genes are expressed immediately following entry, even by the abortive ABDs; (iii) immediate plating on Tc-containing agar seriously underestimates particle numbers, partly owing to Tc inhibition of protein synthesis; (iv) replacement of tetM with cadA (conferring resistance to CdCl2) provides more accurate particle enumeration; (v) ABDs expressing CRISPR/cas9/agrA kill ∼99.99% of infected cells and provide the most accurate measurement of particle numbers as well as proof of principle for the system; and (vi) surprisingly, TetM interferes with stable establishment of ABD DNA independently of Tcr. IMPORTANCE For a particulate therapeutic agent, such as the ABD, accurate enumeration of particles is critical to enable evaluation of preparative procedures and calculation of therapeutic dosages. It is equally important that a selective marker used for these two purposes be biologically inert. We have long used tetM for these purposes but show here that tetM not only underestimates particle titers, by over 20-fold in some experiments, but also seriously impedes stable establishment of the therapeutic particle DNA. Given that tetM is a very convenient and widely used selective marker, publication of these findings is of considerable importance to the microbiological community as well as an interesting illustration of the unpredictable biological effects of genes taken out of their native context.