cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of a granular mineral-based hemostatic agent (QuikClot) to reduce blood loss after grade V liver injury in swine

Abstract : Background: Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in cases of trauma. Many products currently are under development to control traumatic bleeding. One such Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved product is QuikClot. This study determined the efficacy of QuikClot, a hemostatic agent, in reducing blood loss and mortality in a standardized model of severe liver injury as well as the consequences of its use. Methods: Swine received either QuikClot or gauze treatment after induction of grade V liver injuries. Hemostasis, blood loss, resuscitation volume, 60- minute survival, and peak tissue temperatures were measured. Results: Hemostasis was improved with QuikClot (p less than 0.05), and resuscitation volume was consequently reduced (p less than 0.05). Posttreatment blood loss was reduced (p less than 0.01) with QuikClot (1,397 mL), as compared with gauze (5,338 mL). The survival rate was seven of eight in the QuikClot group and one of eight in the gauze group ( p less than 0.01). Peak temperature at the tissue interface was increased ( p less than 0.01) with QuikClot (93.3 + or - 10.5 Degrees C), as compared with gauze (37.5 + or - 6.5 Degrees C). QuikClot use was associated with both macro- and microscopic tissue damage caused by the exothermic reaction. Conclusion: QuikClot provides hemostasis and decreased mortality in this model of severe liver injury. The beneficial aspects of QuikClot treatment must, however, be balanced against the tissue-damaging effects of the exothermic reaction.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase and Diabetes : Vascular Implications

Vascular disease associated with diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is increasing in the United States. It is now recognized that oxidative stress plays a substantial role in the underlying vascular pathology of several diseases, including hypertension and diabetes. In diabetes, there is an increase in the steady state levels of reactive oxygen species. One of the primary generators of reactive oxygen species is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Studies have indicated that inhibition of this system is associated with vascular benefits in diabetes. Therefore, there may be a role for therapies directed at nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in this disease. This review will examine the structure, activation, potential role in vascular disease, and benefits of inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.
Aging and overactive bladder may be associated with loss of urethral sensation in women

Aims To compare current perception thresholds (CPT) in the urethra and bladder of women with idiopathic overactive bladder to asymptomatic controls. Methods Women with ≥1 urge urinary incontinence (UUI) episode per week on 7-day diary, seeking treatment for UUI underwent CPT testing using a Neurometer® CPT device (Neurotron, Inc., Baltimore, MD). Testing was done in the urethra and bladder at three frequencies 2,000, 250, and 5 Hz corresponding to A-β, A-δ, and C fibers, respectively. CPT values from the women with UUI were compared to CPT values from a group of control women without lower urinary tract symptoms. Results Forty-eight controls without lower urinary tract symptoms and 13 women with UUI were included in the analysis. Women with UUI were significantly older (mean ± SD age 62 ± 14 and 44 ± 15, P < 0.0005) and more likely to be vaginally parous (P = 0.007) than control women. Urethral CPT at 2,000, 250, and 5 Hz were significantly higher in women with UUI than controls, while bladder CPT were not different between groups. Using logistic regression, to control for age and parity, urethral CPT at 5 Hz remained significantly higher in women with UUI than controls (P = 0.013). Conclusion Urethral sensation is significantly higher in older women, suggesting sensory neuropathy in the lower urinary tract increases with age and may contribute to the increase in overactive bladder seen with aging. These data reinforce the role of the urethra in lower urinary tract function. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:981–984, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in the transgenic APC(Δ468) mouse model of hereditary colon cancer

In this study, we investigated the use of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for in vivo detection and quantitative characterization of colorectal tumors in the transgenic APC(Δ468) mouse model. High-resolution T(1)-weighted (T(1)W) images, T(2)-weighted (T(2)W) images, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) measurements were performed using a 7.0 T small-animal imaging system (N = 10). Individual tumors were identified on both T(1)W and T(2)W images. Twenty-eight tumors (2.8 ± 0.9 mm, mean ± SD) were detected with high-resolution MRI across a distance of roughly 3 cm from the rectum to the splenic flexure, whereas 29 tumors were found within corresponding colon tissue samples examined at gross necropsy in the same area. T(2) values were significantly different between tumor, skeletal muscle, and normal intestinal wall tissues (p < .05). For analysis of the vascular characteristics of colon tumor tissues using DCE measurements, the initial area under the curve (IAUC) for Gd contrast concentration curve (time) (C(Gd) [t]) was calculated with integration times of 60 and 120 seconds post-contrast infusion; two integration times were selected to capture both tracer wash-in and wash-out characteristics. IAUC measurements were significantly larger in tumor tissues compared to both normal intestinal wall and skeletal muscle tissues (p < .001). In vivo anatomic and quantitative MRI measurements were readily feasible in the transgenic APC(Δ468) mouse model. These noninvasive methods should improve experimental efficiencies during longitudinal survival studies that otherwise would require single-end-point necropsy measurements.
Relationship Between Hatch Weight as a Percentage of Egg Weight and Feed Conversion Ratio in Broiler Chicks

Abstract Three trials were conducted comparing hatch weight as a percentage of egg weight with feed conversion of five selected lines (selected for low or high feed conversion) within two populations (broiler and randombred) of chickens. In each trial all eggs were weighed and divided into groups of 1 gram intervals within each line prior to incubation. At hatching all chicks were weighed, banded and their percent hatch weight determined. There were no differences in percent hatch weight of the lines that differed in feed conversion ratio in the broiler strains from 4–8 weeks of age or the randombred strains from 1–9 weeks of age. There was no correlation between percent hatch weight and feed conversion ratio within any of the lines and none at different ages. The percent hatch weight of the randombred strain ranged from 56–72% while that for the broiler strain ranged from 60–76%. The coefficient of variation was 4% in both strains.
Cyber-Physical Systems Based Modeling of Dependability of Complex Network Systems

We use the cyber-physical systems (CPS) framework to infuse intelligent adaptation behaviors in complex network systems to achieve dependability. The CPS framework is anchored on "intelligent physical worlds" (IPW) around which complex adaptation behaviors are built. An IPW is an embodiment of control software functions wrapped around the raw physical processes (e.g., servers, links, sensors, actuators), performing the core system activities while adapting its behavior to the changing environment conditions and user inputs. The IPW exhibits an intelligent behavior over a limited operating region of the system (in contrast with traditional models where the physical world is dumb). To perform over wide operating regions, the IPW interacts with an intelligent computational world (ICW) to patch itself with control parameters and procedures relevant in those changed conditions. The modular decomposition of an application into IPW and ICW lowers the design complexity of dependable network systems, and simplifies the system verification/testing.
Sociology as Pedagogy How Ideas from the Discipline Can Inform Teaching and Learning

As a discipline, sociology has produced a rich understanding of social processes, and yet the pedagogical implications of this scholarship remain largely untapped. In this paper, we employ a framework of sociology as pedagogy to show how sociology can enhance and inform teaching and learning. We select examples from a range of classical and contemporary social thought to highlight the connection between sociological theory and the practices of teaching and learning. We use these theories to demonstrate a broad application of our notion of sociology as pedagogy; however, we believe that all sociological knowledge can be mined for its pedagogical significance. Furthermore, recognizing how sociological phenomena shape the classroom experience is conducive to a more reflexive pedagogy in line with the tenets of the sociological imagination.
Participatory Practices in Organizations

The literature on participatory practices in organizations has been less coherent and more limited to subspecialties than the literature on bureaucracy in organizations–despite a number of celebrated studies of participation in 20th century American sociology. Due to the practical nature of participatory reforms and the ambiguity of participation as a concept, attempts to review participatory knowledge have a tendency to focus on refining definitions and clarifying frameworks within subfields. This article instead provides a broad thematic overview of three different types of research on participation in organizations, all critical to an understanding of today’s dramatic expansion of participatory practices across a variety of organizations. Classic research studied participation as dynamic and central to organizational legitimacy. Institutional design research has focused on participation as a stand-alone governance reform with promising empowerment potential, but mixed results in domains such as health care, environmental politics, and urban planning. Finally, recent research seeks to place participatory practices in the context of shifting relationships between authority, voice, and inequality in the contemporary era. The article concludes with suggestions for building on all three categories of research by exploring what is old and new in the 21st century’s changing participatory landscape.
PANTOTHENIC ACID AND THE UTILIZATION OF GLUCOSE BY LIVING AND CELL-FREE SYSTEMS

1. Added pantothenic acid was found to have no appreciable effect on the fermentation of glucose when used in conjunction with preparations of dialyzed yeast maceration juice or acetone-precipitated yeast maceration juice. 2. Addition of pantothenic acid failed to affect the rate of phosphorylation of glucose or the rate of decarboxylation of pyruvic acid by yeast maceration juice. 3. Pantothenic acid showed no effect on the rate of glycolysis by homogenized deficient chick tissues. 4. The accelerating effect of pantothenic acid on fermentation by deficient yeast cells was found to be accompanied by a "binding" of pantothenic acid by the yeast cells.
The Reagan Democrat Phenomenon: How Wise Was the Conventional Wisdom?

This article examines vote defection by white Democrats in the presidential elections of 1980–1988 and reconsiders the foundations of the “Reagan Democrat” phenomenon. The conventional wisdom has been that the defection of Reagan Democrats was motivated by conservative policy preferences, especially on race and redistribution. National Election Study data from 1980–1988 are used to test a multivariate model of vote choice. In 1980 and 1984, Democratic defectors were much more influenced by performance assessments than by policy preferences. Contrary to the prevailing storyline, Reagan Democrats were not voting to endorse a conservative policy agenda, but were more generally punishing Jimmy Carter in 1980 for poor performance in office and rewarding Ronald Reagan in 1984 for a job well done. Racial policy was a more potent influence on defection in 1988.
Stresses of hexagonal screw dislocation arrays. IV. Cell aggregates

Due to their rotational stresses as well as the necessity of fitting „rims”, discussed in Part III, isolated dislocation cells constructable from hexapoles have higher energies than the same cells in aggregates in which the sense of rotation alternates from one cell to the next. With respect to the rotational stresses, this is demonstrated by the example of aggregates of up to thirty-two single hexapoles, and an aggregate of four thirteen-unit cells. Further, it is shown that no „rims” are necessary for aggregates in cells but that, on the contrary, boundaries between oppositely rotated cells have a net negative energy for squat cells. Therefore, cell structures composed of similar cells with alternating sense of rotation should form in preference to isolated cells, assuming that the dislocation structures in deformed crystals represent the minimum energy configuration of the trapped dislocations. Recent independent evidence for the occurrence of cell structures of the described kind has been found. Hervorgerufen einerseits durch die Rotationsspannungen, andererseits durch die Versetzungsrander mit ihren hohen Spannungen, welche beide in Teil III besprochen wurden, haben aus Hexapolen aufgebaute einzelne Versetzungszellen eine hohere Energie als gleiche Zellen in Aggregaten mit abwechselndem Rotationssinn. In bezug auf die Rotationsspannungen wurde dies zunachst am Beispiel von Aggregaten einzelner Hexapole gezeigt, und sodann fur eine Gruppe von vier Zellen aus je dreizehn Hexapolen. Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, das Zellen in Aggregaten keiner „Rander” bedurfen, und das den Grenzen zwischen flachen Zellen mit entgegengesetztem Drehungssinn, negative Energien zugeschrieben werden konnen. Dementsprechend sollten in verformten Kristallen vorzugsweise Zellnetzwerke mit abwechselndem Drehungssinn, anstatt von einzeln liegenden Zellen gebildet werden, falls diese Strukturen Konfigurationen kleinster Energie darstellen sollten. Zellnetzwerke der beschriebenen Art sind vor kurzem unabhangig an anderer Stelle entdeckt worden.
Early tracheostomy tube change in children

Objective To review the safety of early tracheostomy tube change in children. Design Retrospective case series. Setting Pediatric tertiary care hospital. Patients Twenty-one consecutive pediatric patients undergoing routine tracheotomy. Intervention First tracheostomy tube change performed at patient's bedside at 3 (n=15) or 4 (n=5) days after surgery. Outcome Measure The ability to safely change a tracheostomy tube at the patient's bedside 3 or 4 days after surgery. Results The first tracheostomy tube change was safely performed at 3 or 4 days after surgery in 20 patients. All changes were accomplished without complication or difficulty on the first attempt. The patients' ages ranged from 4 days to 16 years. The smallest child weighed 1.6 kg. Early tracheostomy tube change was not attempted in one obese 10-year-old girl whose pediatric tracheostomy tube became dislodged and formed a false tract 2 days after surgery. Conclusions Most pediatric tracheostomy tubes can be safely changed at the patient's bedside approximately 3 days after surgery. Clinical applications of early tracheostomy tube change may include facilitating better hygiene, earlier completion of family caregiver tracheotomy education, and shorter hospital stays. It appears safe and advantageous for surgeons to consider early initial tracheostomy tube change for pediatric patients.
The contribution of blood oxygenation changes in the capillary bed and a small blood vessel on the brain surface to NIRS signals.

Three-dimensional diffuse optical tomography is a computationally intensive procedure. An iterative perturbative algorithm is followed and parallelized. The results show that three-dimensional images can be reconstructed on realistic time scales compared to the synchronous approach.
It's Not What it Seems. A Semantic Account of ‘Seems’ and Seemings

I start out by reviewing the semantics of ‘seem’. As ‘seem’ is a subject-raising verb, ‘it seems’ can be treated as a sentential operator. I look at the semantic and logical properties of ‘it seems’. I argue that ‘it seems’ is a hyperintensional and contextually flexible operator. The operator distributes over conjunction but not over disjunction, conditionals or semantic entailments. I further argue that ‘it seems’ does not commute with negation and does not agglomerate with conjunction. I then show that the mental states expressed by perceptual uses of ‘seem’ have non-conceptual, yet perspectival contents. In the final part of the paper I argue that while the content of the mental states expressed by perceptual uses of ‘seem’ are non-conceptual, having a mental state of this type requires possessing conceptual abilities corresponding to what the mental state represents.
THE IMPACTS OF VARIOUS TAXES ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

Previous work on the effect of taxes on foreign direct investment (FDI) focused primarily on capital income taxes. We investigate the proposition that other forms of taxation may also deter FDI. We use tax ratios, i.e., average effective tax rates, on consumption, labor and capital income for a panel of 25 OECD countries from 1975-2006. We find that increases in relative tax rates on capital income encourage net FDI outflow whereas increases in labor income tax rates have the opposite effect. Increases in relative consumption tax rates have insignificant impacts.
Applicability of the aero-optic linking equation to a highly coherent, transitional shear layer

We investigate the validity of applying a simplified (under the assumptions of isotropic and homogeneous turbulence) aero-optic linking equation to a flow field that is known to consist of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous turbulence. The investigation is performed in the near-nozzle region of a heated two-dimensional jet, and the study makes use of a conditional-sampling experiment to acquire a spatiotemporal temperature field database for the heated-jet flow field. After compensating for the bandwidth limitations of constant-current wire temperature measurements, the temperature field database is applied to the computation of optical degradation through both direct and indirect methods, relying on the aero-optic linking equation. The simplified version of the linking equation was found to provide good agreement with direct calculations, provided that the length scale of the density fluctuations was interpreted as being the integral scale, with the limits of integration being the first two zero crossings of the covariance coefficient function.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure: potential for therapeutic interventions?

See article by Jarreta et al. \[4\] (pages 860–865) in this issue. Cardiac work is supported by a high rate of ATP hydrolysis, matched by ATP production through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Fig. 1). Low ATP content in cardiac tissue was observed in patients with chronic heart failure despite the absence of myocardial ischaemia [1]. Mitochondrial function in cardiac tissue from the failing heart demonstrated that the capacity of the mitochondria for oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation are significantly reduced compared to the normal heart [2]. Furthermore, morphological examination of the failing heart by electron microscopy revealed that the mitochondria are disrupted and damaged [3]. The paper by Jarreta et al. in this issue of Cardiovascular Research shows in both idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and heart failure patients with a history of ischaemic coronary disease (IC) that the activity of complex III of the electron transport chain is reduced, without changes in the activities of complexes I, II or IV, or in the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase [4]. Evidence for a causal link between impaired mitochondrial metabolic function and cardiac failure was found in several cases of … * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-216-368-5585; fax: +1-216-368-3952 wcs4{at}po.cwru.edu
Successful Use of Donepezil for the Treatment of Dementia with Lewy Bodies

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of the successful use of donepezil for treatment of cognitive and noncognitive symptoms in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies.CASE SUMMARY:An 86-year-old white woman with dementia was experiencing early-onset significant fluctuation of her cognitive status, functional impairment, visual hallucinations, aggression, and parkinsonism. She was initially diagnosed with Alzheimer disease and Parkinson's disease and prescribed donepezil 5 mg/d and benztropine 1 mg twice daily. On reexamination of the case by a neurologist, the diagnoses were revised to dementia with Lewy bodies. The benztropine was discontinued, and donepezil was increased to 10 mg/d. The patient's cognitive and functional status significantly improved, as did her visual hallucinations.DISCUSSION:This case supports previous reports of the marked responsiveness of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This may be explained by the marked cholinergic deficit observed in patients...
Clinical safety assessment of oral higenamine supplementation in healthy, young men.

Objective:Higenamine, an herbal agent also known as norcoclaurine, is thought to stimulate β-androgenic receptors and possess lipolytic activity. It is currently making its way into the dietary supplement market. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to determine the safety profile of oral higenamine when used alone and in conjunction with other commonly used lipolytic agents.Methods:Forty-eight men were assigned to ingest either a placebo, higenamine, caffeine, or higenamine + caffeine + yohimbe bark extract daily for a period of 8 weeks. Before and after 4 and 8 weeks of supplementation, the following variables were measured: resting respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, urinalysis, complete blood count, metabolic panel, liver enzyme activity, and lipid panel.Results:No interaction effects were noted for any variable (p > 0.05), with no changes of statistical significance occurring across time for any of the four conditions (p > 0.05).Conclusion:This is the first study to determine th...
Residential Composting of Infested Fruit: A Potential Pathway for Spread of Anastrepha Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract Composting plant waste is a beneficial practice commonly used by American gardeners, but disposal of infested fruit directly into the environment creates a potential pathway for introduction of insect pests. This study estimates the likelihood of adult emergence for exotic fruit flies (Tephritidae) from residential composting in south Florida. Ripe grapefruits, Citrus × paradisi Macfad., were infested with the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Half of the infested fruit was placed onto outdoor compost piles and half was maintained under controlled laboratory conditions. Adult fly emergence was recorded daily for 30 d from both the compost piles and control bins. Compost temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation were monitored, and the study was repeated 4 times under different seasonal conditions. Despite high mortality of flies from the composted fruit relative to control fruit, the overall risk of a potentially mated female emerging from composted fruit w...
Gastric secretion in Heidenhain pouches following section of vagus nerves to main stomach.

ConclusionsIn the dog, section of the vagus nerves to the main stomach causes a marked increase in the quantitative 24 hour acid secretion from Heidenhain pouches.
Double-negative T cells are non–ALPS-specific markers of immune dysregulation found in patients with aplastic anemia

To the editor: We read with interest the recent article by Dowdell and colleagues exploring somatic FAS gene mutations among patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS),[1][1] a syndrome characterized by defective CD95 (Fas) cell surface–mediated apoptosis. In assigning the
Effects of 6-Mercaptopurine on Susceptibility of Guinea Pigs to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis.∗

SummaryGuinea pigs injected with both antigen (homologous brain plus Freund's complete adjuvant) and 6-MP showed a slightly higher incidence of urinary incontinence and rapid weight loss but no definite difference in incidence of paralysis than did animals given only antigen; no change in mean day of onset of symptoms was evident. While antigen alone increased the number of circulating neutrophils (but not of lymphocytes), antigen and 6-MP together and 6-MP alone produced similar leukocyte patterns: delayed but marked neutropenia, and a marked rapid decline in lymphocytes. In animals given both 6-MP and antigen, a left shift in the Arneth Index of neutrophils occurred, in spite of the reduced level of circulating neutrophils.
Lags and Leaps: The Dynamics of Demography, Economy and Policy and Their Implications for Life Course Research

This essay proposes that research on the life course be placed explicitly within the larger global context to understand the forces of history and social change that bear upon it. Population aging, migration, and global financialization are major accelerating forces for change—leaps—over recent decades. However, persistent cultural and policy legacies across countries and regions lag behind these changes. Three areas of life course are proposed to reflect the complex and sometimes countervailing dynamics of these macro-level forces. The first is a more conceptual proposal to guide life course research in general. It focuses on the life course as a continuous manifold process with diverse temporality in a population. Age-graded, phasic constructions of the life course are treated as too restrictive to account for growing variations in education, family, work and health transitions across the life course and in the pace of aging in advanced countries but also extending to developing countries. The second focuses on the ascendance of market institutions, especially financial institutions, in the maintenance of individual and household financial and health decision-making. Financial and health literacy are new life course risks which pervade the life course. Third, increased migration levels over recent decades, especially to some advanced countries, are changing the demographic compositions of successive cohorts who face changing educational opportunities and workplace protections. The life course implications of migration are now matters of speculation, which life course research should address in the future as data permit.
Expressionof human atrial natriuretic peptide gene and the effective for the blood pressure,heart and the blood vessel in the spontaneously hypertensive rats

Objective: To investigation the expression,the long term and the effective of the heart and the blood vessel in the spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) after the human atrial natriuretic peptide(hANP) gene delivery. Methods: Twelve eight-week-old male SHR were divided into two groups randomly. The skeletal muscle of the SHR in infected group( n = 6) were injection of pcDNA3. 1-CMV-hANP plasmid. Control group( n = 6) were injection of pcDNA3. 1-CMV plasmid into the same locus. After the gene delivery,the systolic pressure and the level of hANP in the plasm of the SHR were both measured every week by measuring the caudal artery and utilization of radio-immunity technique. After ten weeks the Animals were put to death,the station of the expression of hANP gene were measured by utilizating RT-PCR and Western blot; Body weight,heart weight and left ventricle weight were measured to evaluate the effective of reconstitution of the myocardium rougly; the effective of pathomorphology of the heart and the blood vessel,were evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin( HE) and Van Gieson( VG). Results: From the first week after the injection of pcDNA3. 1-CMV-hANP plasmid into SHR,the blood pressure of the infected group began to reduce compared with the control group. A significant blood pressure difference( up to 12. 0 + 2. 55mmHg,P 0. 05) continued for 10 weeks. The high level of hANP in the infected group was detected by the Method of radio-immunity. The result of reverse ranscription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot showed that hANP gene can be expressed efficiently in the muscles,but the control group had no expresstion. The result of HW / BW and VLW / HW showed that the ratio of the infected group was decreased markedly. Morphologial analysis shows that cardiac hypertrophy injury were also attenuated in the infected group. Conclusion: hANP gene were delivered into SHR through muscle injections,it can be expressed efficiently in the muscles and its expresstion protein can be released into blood circulation in SHR. it can not only stably deduce blood pressure,but also prevent the injury of target organic as asresult of hypertension,such as reconstitution in cardiovascular system. That result suggests the feasibility of hANP gene therapy in human hypertension.
Strong Log-concavity is Preserved by Convolution

We review and formulate results concerning strong-log-concavity in both discrete and continuous settings. Although four different proofs of preservation of strong log-concavity are known in the discrete setting (where strong log-concavity is known as “ultra-log-concavity”), preservation of strong logconcavity under convolution has apparently not been investigated previously in the continuous case.
Gear Up for a pH Shift: A Responsive Iron(II) 2-Amino-6-picolyl-Appended Macrocyclic paraCEST Agent That Protonates at a Pendent Group

Two high-spin Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (CYCLEN) appended with four 2-amino-6-picolyl groups, denoted as [Fe(TAPC)]2+ and [Co(TAPC)]2+, are reported. These complexes demonstrate C2-symmetrical geometry from coordination of two pendents, and they are present in a single diastereomeric form in aqueous solution as shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by a single-crystal X-ray structure for the Co(II) complex. A highly shifted but low-intensity CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) signal from NH groups is observed at −118 ppm for [Co(TAPC)]2+ at pH 6.0 and 37 °C. A higher intensity CEST peak is observed for [Fe(TAPC)]2+, which demonstrates a pH-dependent frequency shift from −72 to −79 ppm at pH 7.7 to 4.8, respectively, at 37 °C. This shift in the CEST peak correlates with the protonation of the unbound 2-amino-6-picolyl pendents, as suggested by UV–vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy studies at different pH values. Phantom imaging demonstrates the challenges and feasibility o...
A Brief Primer on Spinal Cord Injury

Injuries to the central nervous system (CNS), the brain and spinal cord, are arguably the worst survivable injuries to the human body. Prior to World War II, such injuries were death sentences. Spinal cord injuries were hardly treated surgically in the First World War; injured persons were left to die. During the Second World War, a more enlightened approach was pursued, and the early beginnings of special spinal cord injury (SCI) management and rehabilitation began (Bedbrook 1987). The availability of modern antibiotics after the war and progressive improvement in clinical management lengthened the lives of injured people, but did not improve their outcome. This area of research, in my opinion, is the last frontier for the medicine of trauma. A decade ago, substantial third-degree burns could be a death sentence. Now there are artificial skins replating denuded regions of the body and saving lives. Over a decade ago, a chronic fracture nonunion that continually failed to respond to management would lead to amputation. Today this is rarely the outcome. There has been no such movement in the area of CNS trauma management. Even the much ballyhooed administration of high dosages of a steroid — methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Bracken et al. 1990) — has fallen on hard times and may not survive as a treatment of choice (discussed in Chap. 4, “Treating the Acute and Chronic Injury: Historical Perspective”; see Short et al. 2000; Pointillant et al. 2000).
Pregnancy, Hormonal Treatments for Infertility, Contraception, and Menopause in Women After Ischemic Stroke: A Consensus Document.

Pregnancy has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, and stroke occurring during pregnancy is one of the leading causes of maternal death.1 Kuklina et al2 reported that the rate of any stroke among antenatal hospitalizations increased by 47% (from 0.15 to 0.22 per 1000 deliveries) and among postpartum hospitalizations by 83% (from 0.12 to 0.22 per 1000 deliveries) when comparing the period 1994–1995 to 2006–2007. The American Heart Association Stroke Guidelines for Women have been published recently,3 which deal with risk factors unique to women, including reproductive factors, and those factors that are more common in women, including migraine, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and atrial fibrillation. However, the lifelong management of hormonal issues in women who have had stroke was not fully addressed regarding the following: future pregnancies, type of delivery, labor induction, and secondary prevention during future pregnancy and lactation. This consensus provides multidisciplinary approaches compiled by stroke neurologists, gynecologists, and endocrinologists, based on a thorough review of current literature through computerized searches up until July 26, 2016. Literature on pregnancy, secondary stroke prevention, labor induction, hormonal contraceptive therapy, ovarian stimulation, and hormone replacement therapy was reviewed. The panel collected relevant articles using computerized searches of medical literature up until July 26, 2016. The search strategy was designed to identify studies on pregnancy, delivery, labor induction, breast-feeding, ovarian stimulation, hormonal contraceptive therapy, hormone replacement therapy, and their stroke risks. The included studies were identified from the Medline/PubMed database, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database. Additional papers were identified from reference lists of retrieved articles, abstract lists of recent scientific meetings, and Internet-based sources (http://www.tctmd.com, http://www.cxvascular.com; Figure). Figure. Flow chart of the research strategy. A list of treatment recommendations, including evaluations of evidence strength, is provided in Table 1. View this table: Table 1. Recommendations …
Acting President's Annual State of the Academy Report.

As I reflect back on the year, my first thoughts are of the adversity the Academy endured in 2016. Within AACN, we grappled with exactly what role the Academy should have, what positions should be ...
Playing with Emotions: The Effect of Moral Appeals in Elite Rhetoric

This study argues that moral appeals in political advertising—and political rhetoric in general—are a form of emotional appeal that political elites use strategically. In particular, the study shows that moral appeals in political ads elicit a strong emotional response from voters and that it is precisely through an adjustment in their use of moral appeals that candidates signal their moderation as they pivot from the primary to the general election. To make these arguments, the study uses a content analysis of 3462 unique political advertisements from the 2008 Presidential, Senate, House, and gubernatorial primary and general elections, as well as individual-level survey data from the 2012 YouGov/Vanderbilt Ad Rating Project.
Low-Dimensional Chaos in a Simple Biological Model of Neocortex

Our laboratory has been interested in understanding the neural mechanisms involved in information processing in neocortex, especially in those structures that regulate the sensory and cardiovascular systems. Studies in comparative physiology suggest a theoretical basis for the regulation of the cardiovascular system by the brain. Following his life’s work, Cannon (1931) hypothesized the existence of a cerebral mechanism in which sensory input and autonomic output were simultaneously orchestrated; this orchestration, he suggested, became a focus for natural selection and evolved to enable the higher mammal to attend to its environment and simultaneously to prepare autonomic support in anticipation of the occurrence of certain survival behaviors that might be released.
Neurochemical Interpretation of Cortical Slow Potentials as they Relate to Cognitive Processes and a Parsimonious Model of Mammalian Brain

The aim of this review is to update the previous model of the mammalian brain (Marczynski, 1986) in an attempt to explain the genesis and physiological role of neuronal mechanisms that generate long latency endogenous brain potential as reflections of cognitive process.
15 – CHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY

This chapter discusses chemiluminescent labels, types of chemiluminescent immunoassay, and chemiluminescent detection of enzyme labels. Chemiluminescent labels were initially tested as possible alternatives to radioisotopes in the 1970s. This type of label has become very popular, and today a wide range of assays and associated analyzers are available commercially. Chemiluminescence is the light emission that is produced in certain chemical oxidation reactions. The light emission arises from the decay of chemi-excited intermediates or product molecules to the electronic ground state. Molecules with diverse structural features produce chemiluminescence. The majority of chemiluminescent reactions are oxidation reactions because the production of visible light requires highly energetic reactions. The most extensively studied chemiluminescent reaction is the oxidation of luminal, and the most popular labels are derivatives of isoluminol and acridinium esters. Both heterogeneous immunoassays that require a separation of bound and free labeled fractions and homogeneous immunoassays that do not require a separation step have been described. Proteins in biological samples quench chemiluminescence, and so the separation and washing steps in sandwich-type immunoassays provide a means of eliminating these interferents.
The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1905)

Crowe provides an analysis centered on the idea of a Gestalt shift of the twelve Holmes stories anthologized in Return. Included are some of the very best Holmes stories such as “The Adventure of the Empty House,” “The Adventure of the Dancing Men,” “The Adventure of the Priory School,” “The Adventure of Charles August Milverton,” and “The Adventure of the Three Students.”
Religious Independence of Chinese Muslim East Turkestan “Uyghur”

The Uyghur population is mired in a kind of constant conflict with the authorities of the Chinese central government because of the participation of part of the population (especially younger people) in local organisations with declared Islamist terrorists and the often-violent activities that these groups perform at State expense.
The Construction of Policy: Donors, AIDS and Cultural Practices

In this chapter I explore the dynamics of the policy development process and I examine theories of policy implementation. By focusing on narratives, I show that the policy process is not characterised by rational policymaking but by people’s views and interpretations. First, I analyse the process of policy construction. Second, I look at the aid game in Malawi. Third, I look at how these narratives have been passed on through education. Fourth, I present data from interviews I conducted with UNAIDS to present stakeholders’ responses to the question Does your organisation use evidence to inform policy and programmatic decisions on HIV/AIDS? I argue there are a wide range of stakeholders involved in policy construction and implementation. These stakeholders include large, and powerful bilateral and multilateral agencies, such as DFID, USAID and the World Bank, as well as international Non-governmental organisations, national NGOs, international and national faith-based organisations, and the organs of the Malawi government, both at the national and the district levels, each with its own vested interests and each with its own policies. Therefore I argue the evidence produced to apply policies is not objective but narratives shaped by various policy agendas and interests of the elites.
Long-term mode and timing of premature ventricular complex recurrence following successful catheter ablation

Catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) is highly successful and has become the hallmark treatment for symptomatic or highly prevalent cases. However, few studies exist that evaluate the outcomes of ablation and likely mechanisms of PVC recurrence beyond 1 year of follow-up. This study is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent catheter ablation for symptomatic PVCs with acute procedural success and had clinical follow-up ≥ 12 months. Forty-four patients (24 women; age 53.5 ± 4.8 years) following acutely successful PVC ablation with long-term follow-up were studied. At a mean of 36 ± 6 months, overall long-term ablation success was 75% (33/44 patients). Notably, recurrence of the targeted PVC focus was low (6.8%, 3/44 patients); the majority of recurrences were from a new source location (18.2%, 8/44 patients). The time course for targeted versus de novo PVC recurrences was significantly different: recurrence of a PVC similar to the targeted PVC morphology occurred at a mean of 5.0 ± 2.0 months, while recurrence of a PVC different from the index case occurred at a mean of 35.8 ± 17.1 months (p = 0.01). Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy was associated with increased risk of PVC recurrence (odds ratio [OR] 14.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.92–109.33, p = 0.01)) and was a significant negative prognostic factor in multivariate analysis for PVC recurrence survival (hazard ratio [HR] 4.63, 95% CI 1.03–20.74, p = 0.04). The majority of long-term PVC recurrences occur late in follow-up, at locations remote from the targeted PVC source or sources. Such sites may represent ongoing substrate evolution; additional work is required to determine the precise substrate alterations which promote such arrhythmogenic changes.
Convergence of eigenvalues to the support of the limiting measure in critical β matrix models

We consider the convergence of the eigenvalues to the support of the equilibrium measure in the β matrix models at criticality. We show a phase transition phenomenon, namely that, with probability one, all eigenvalues will fall in the support of the limiting spectral measure when β > 1, whereas this fails when β < 1.
After planned surgeries, there is still work to be done: Medical therapies

Abstract The Fontan operation was first described in 1971 and has become a successful surgical strategy to palliate patients with single ventricle heart disease. While mortality has improved remarkably over the decades since its introduction, long-term sequelae of this unique physiology have become apparent. There is presently significant variability in medical therapy for Fontan patients without evidence to drive prescribing patterns. Medications that modulate pulmonary vascular resistance may be uniquely suited to help overcome the physiologic challenges imposed by Fontan physiology. In this review, we will discuss the evidence supporting the use of these medications in Fontan patients.
Multiple Dimensions of Sweet Taste Perception Altered after Sleep Curtailment

Short sleep duration increases preferences for high-carbohydrate and high-fat foods. It is unclear if insufficient sleep-induced changes in food preference are mediated by changes in taste perception and if these changes are related to sweetener type (sucrose or sucralose) or sweet liking phenotype. The primary objective of this study was to determine if sleep curtailment results in changes in sweet taste perception after sleep curtailment. Forty participants used a single-channel electroencephalograph to record both a habitual and curtailed night (33% reduction) of sleep at home. The following morning, multiple dimensions of sweet taste perception were measured, including preferred sweetener concentrations, patterns of sweet liking, and intensity perception over a range of concentrations. After curtailment, a significant increase in preferred concentration for both sucrose and sucralose (p < 0.001 for both) was observed. The slope of sucrose sweet liking increased after curtailment (p = 0.001). The slope of sucralose liking also increased, but this was not significant (p = 0.129). Intensity perception of the sweeteners was not altered by curtailment. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify participants by sweet liking phenotype. Phenotypes were found to predict preferred sweetener concentration. These findings illustrate a possible need to control for sleep in food sensory studies and suggest a potential mechanism by which insufficient sleep can lead to excess energy intake.
Built and Natural Environment Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity in Rural, Suburban, and Small Urban Neighborhoods.

Purpose To explore built and natural environment barriers and facilitators to walking for exercise in cancer survivors. Participants & setting Cancer survivors (N = 7) living in rural, suburban, and small urban neighborhoods in central Virginia. Methodologic approach The authors used a qualitative descriptive design with photovoice to explore the cancer survivors' experience with residential walkability. Findings The following three themes were identified from the data. Implications for nursing Clinicians should consider an evaluation of the built and natural environment to support walking in cancer survivors. These findings may be used in conjunction with known individual-level barriers to physical activity to develop guidance for oncology nurses to help survivors safely achieve physical activity goals.
Data on GC/MS elution profile, 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 1-, 3-, and 6-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes

Abstract The data presented in this article is related to the research article entitled, “13C NMR Chemical Shift Assignments of Nitrated Benzo[a]pyrenes based on Two-dimensional Techniques and DFT/GIAO Calculations”, Kefa K. Onchoke, J. Chem. Sci. (2020) [1]. The NMR spectral profiles of nitrated benzo[a]pyrenes is presented. Further, the article describes elution profiles of 1-, 3- and 6-NBaP, the acquisition of 1H and 13C NMR data and the J-Coupling constants (which are useful for the assignment of peaks via 2D HMQC and HMBC techniques). The data presented is useful for developing structure-activity relationships for other nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs).