cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth of graded noetherian rings

We show that every graded locally finite right noetherian algebra has sub-exponential growth. As a consequence, every noetherian algebra with exponential growth has no finite dimensional filtration which leads to a right (or left) noetherian associated graded algebra. We also prove that every connected graded right noetherian algebra with finite global dimension has finite GK-dimension. Using this, we can classify all connected graded noetherian algebras of global dimension two.
Application of quantitative proteomics to the integrated analysis of the ubiquitylated and global proteomes of xenograft tumor tissues

Post-translational modification by ubiquitin is a fundamental regulatory mechanism that is implicated in many cellular processes including the cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. The low stoichiometry of ubiquitylation presents an analytical challenge for the detection of endogenously modified proteins in the absence of enrichment strategies. The recent availability of antibodies recognizing peptides with Lys residues containing a di-Gly ubiquitin remnant (K-e-GG) has greatly improved the ability to enrich and identify ubiquitylation sites from complex protein lysates via mass spectrometry. To date, there have not been any published studies that quantitatively assess the changes in endogenous ubiquitin-modification protein stoichiometry status at the proteome level from different tissues. In this study, we applied an integrated quantitative mass spectrometry based approach using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to interrogate the ubiquitin-modified proteome and the cognate global proteome levels from luminal and basal breast cancer patient-derived xenograft tissues. Among the proteins with quantitative global and ubiquitylation data, 91 % had unchanged levels of total protein relative abundance, and less than 5 % of these proteins had up- or down-regulated ubiquitylation levels. Of particular note, greater than half of the proteins with observed changes in their total protein level also had up- or down-regulated changes in their ubiquitylation level. This is the first report of the application of iTRAQ-based quantification to the integrated analysis of the ubiquitylated and global proteomes at the tissue level. Our results underscore the importance of conducting integrated analyses of the global and ubiquitylated proteomes toward elucidating the specific functional significance of ubiquitylation.
Goal-Directed E-Unification

We give a general goal directed method for solving the E- unification problem. Our inference system is a generalization of the inference rules for Syntactic Theories, except that our inference system is proved complete for any equational theory. We also show how to easily modify our inference system into a more restricted inference system for Syntactic Theories, and show that our completeness techniques prove completeness there also.
Parseval space-frequency localized frames and Besov norms on noncompact symmetric spaces

Let X be a symmetric space of the noncompact type. The goal of the paper is to construct in the space L2(X) Parseval frames consisting of functions which simultaneously belong to Paley-Wiener spaces and to Schwartz space on X. We call them Paley-Wiener-Schwartz frames in L2(X). These frames are used to characterize a family of Besov spaces on X.
Intracellular Triacylglycerol Promotes Longevity during Chronological Aging of Yeast

Intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) is a ubiquitous energy storing lipid also involved in lipid homeostasis and signaling. However, very little is known about TAG's function in other cellular proce...
CEMAsuite: open source degenerate PCR primer design.

UNLABELLED The codon-equivalent multiple alignment suite begins conservational analysis for polymerase chain reaction primer design at the protein level, allowing the user to design consensus primers capable of detecting homologous coding sequences even when low-to-moderate sequence information is available. This package also condenses the wealth of information associated with multiple sequence alignments and presents them in an intuitive manner, allowing the user to quickly and effectively address degenerate primer design considerations. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://sourceforge.net/projects/cemasuite/. CONTACT benton@lsu.edu or cemasuite@gmail.com SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gout in ambulatory care settings in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the ambulatory care utilization by patients with gouty arthritis (gout) in the United States using a nationally representative sample. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design based on the ambulatory care data from the 2002 US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was used to examine the ambulatory care burden for gout, the characteristics of gout patients, the types of providers who see gout patients, and prescribing patterns associated with the management of gout. Weighted analyses were performed to estimate the effect of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association with gout and prescription of allopurinol. RESULTS: Of the 973 million ambulatory care visits in the United States, 3.9 million were for gout. The majority of visits were for men. The average age for men with gout was lower than that for women with gout (65 vs 70 years of age). Over two-thirds of these gout visits were attended to by primary care providers, whereas visits to rheumatologists constituted only a very small proportion of these visits (1.3%). There were 2.8 million prescriptions for allopurinol, 700,000 prescriptions for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, 381,000 prescriptions for colchicine, and 341,000 prescriptions for prednisone. After adjusting for age and sex, Asians were 2.7 times more likely than Caucasians to have a gout visit. Yet these patients had lower probability of receiving allopurinol (odds ratio 0.04, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.27). CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with gout are seen by generalist physicians. Asian ethnicity is associated with higher number of visits for gout, but a lower frequency of allopurinol treatment.
Centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in sNN=5.02TeV p+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector

Abstract Measurements of reconstructed jets in high-energy proton–nucleus collisions over a wide rapidity and transverse momentum range are a fundamental probe of the partonic structure of nuclei. Inclusive jet production is sensitive to the modification of parton distribution functions (PDF) in the high-density nuclear environment. Furthermore, any modification of jet production in p + A collisions has implications for understanding the strong suppression seen in central A + A collisions. The latest results on inclusive jet production in 29/nb of proton–lead collisions at 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. The centrality of p + Pb events is characterized through the sum of the transverse energy in the Pb-going forward calorimeter. In minimum bias p + Pb collisions, the jet yields are seen to be consistent with calculations incorporating nuclear PDF effects. However, the jet yields in central and peripheral p + Pb collisions are found to be strongly suppressed and enhanced, respectively, relative to geometric expectations. Furthermore, the modifications at forward rapidities are seen to be consistent with a scaling in the total jet energy, suggesting that the modifications may depend on the initial kinematics of the hard parton–parton scattering.
Can host‐range allow niche differentiation of invasive polyphagous fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in La Réunion?

Biological invasions bring together formerly isolated insect taxa and allow the study of ecological interactions between species with no coevolutionary history. Among polyphagous insects, such species may competitively exclude each other unless some form of niche partitioning allows them to coexist. 2. In the present study, we investigate whether the ability to exploit different fruits can increase the likelihood of coexistence of four species of polyphagous Tephritidae, one endemic and three successive invaders, in the island of La Reunion. In the laboratory, we studied the performances of all four species on the four most abundant fruit resources in the island, as well as the relative abundances of fly species on these four fruit species in the field. We observe no indication of niche partitioning for any of the four abundant fruits. 3. Analyses of an extensive field data series suggest that: (i) the four fly species largely overlap in fruit exploitation, once climatic effects are accounted for; (ii) however, one species ( Ceratitis capitata ) can exploit rare fruit species that are not exploited by others present in the same climatic niche; and (iii) the endemic species C. catoirii , now nearly extinct in La Reunion, has no private niche with respect to either climatic range or fruit use. 4. On the whole, with the possible exception of C. capitata , the results point to a limited role of fruit diversity in encouraging coexistence among polyphagous tephritids recently brought into contact by accidental introductions.
Speech-Sound Discrimination in School-Age Children: Psychophysical and Neurophysiologic Measures

This study measured behavioral speech-sound discrimination and a neurophysiologic correlate of discrimination in normal school-age children (ages 6 to 15) to determine if developmental effects exis...
Aqueous humor outflow effects of 2-arachidonylglycerol.

This study was conducted to test the effects of 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), an endocannabinoid, on aqueous humor outflow facility, to study the cellular mechanisms of 2-AG, and to investigate the possible existence and activity of monoacylgylcerol lipase (MGL), a 2-AG metabolic enzyme, in the trabecular meshwork (TM). The effects of 2-AG on aqueous humor outflow facility were measured using an anterior segment perfused organ culture model. The expression and activity of MGL in TM tissues were assessed using Western blot analysis and an enzyme activity assay respectively. 2-AG induced activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was determined by Western blot analysis using an anti-phospho p42/44 MAP kinase antibody. AlexaFluor 488-labeled phalloidin staining was used to examine actin filament in cultured TM cells. Administration of 10 nM of 2-AG caused a transient enhancement of aqueous humor outflow. In the presence of 100 nM of LY2183240, an inhibitor of MGL, the effect of 10 nM of 2-AG on outflow was prolonged by at least 4 h. The 2-AG-induced enhancement of outflow was blocked by SR141716A, a CB1 antagonist, and SR144528, a CB2 antagonist. In Western blot studies, a 35 kDa band representing MGL was detected on TM tissues with an anti-MGL antibody. The 2-AG enzymatic hydrolysis activity was detected in TM tissues and this activity was reduced by 70.1 ± 5.3% with the addition of 100 nM of LY2183240. Treatment of trabecular meshwork cells with 10 nM of 2-AG plus 100 nM LY2183240 for 5 h evoked phosphorylation of p42/44 MAP kinase. The 2-AG-induced enhancement of p42/44 MAP kinase phosphorylation was blocked by pretreatment with SR141716A, SR144528, as well as PD98059, an inhibitor of the p42/44 MAP kinase pathway. In addition, the outflow-enhancing effect of 2-AG was blocked by pretreatment with PD98059. Furthermore, treatment with 2-AG plus LY2183240 caused rounding of TM cells and a reduction of actin stress fibers in TM cells. Pretreatment with SR141716A, SR144528, and PD98059 blocked these 2-AG-induced morphology and cytoskeleton changes in TM cells. In conclusion, the results from this study demonstrate that administration of 2-AG increases aqueous humor outflow facility and this effect of 2-AG is mediated through both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. In addition, this study reveals the existence and the activity of MGL, a 2-AG metabolizing enzyme, in the TM tissues. Furthermore, this study suggests that 2-AG-induced enhancement of outflow facility involves the p42/44 MAP kinase signaling pathway and changes in actin cytoskeletons in TM cells.
Elevated pro-inflammatory CD4+CD28- lymphocytes and stroke recurrence and death

Objective: To determine if the CD4 + CD28 − T-cell subset is expanded in patients with recurrent stroke or death after acute ischemic stroke. This subset of the peripheral blood T-cell lymphocyte population has a strong pro-inflammatory and tissue-damaging potential. Methods: Consecutive patients within the first 48 hours of ischemic stroke were prospectively studied. Peripheral blood CD4 + CD28 − cells were quantified by flow cytometry. The study endpoint was recurrent stroke or death from any cause during 1 year of follow-up. Results: One hundred six patients (mean age 75.0 ± 13.5 years; 50 women) were studied. The median CD4 + CD28 − cell count was 4.5% (range 0.2 to 72.2%). Twenty-seven endpoints (10 recurrent strokes and 17 deaths) occurred during follow-up. Stroke recurrence/death rates were significantly associated with increasing CD4 + CD28 − counts, rising from 14.2% in patients with CD4 + CD28 − levels of + CD28 − counts of >8.0% ( p = 0.003, Cochran linear test of trend). Higher CD4 + CD28 − counts were also present in patients with a history of prior stroke ( p = 0.03). After adjustment for age, admission NIH Stroke Scale score, prior stroke, and atrial fibrillation, CD4 + CD28 − counts of >8.0% were associated with a cumulative hazard ratio of 5.81 (95% CI: 1.58 to 21.32) for stroke recurrence or death. Conclusions: Rising counts of circulating CD4 + CD28 − cells are associated with an increasing risk of stroke recurrence and death, in addition to an observed association with prior stroke. Expansion of this T-cell subset presumably represents a biomarker and possibly a contributory pathogenic mechanism of recurrent stroke and death after ischemic stroke.
Attracting Repeat Customers to Wineries

Many tourism related businesses give little consideration to influencing people to make repeat visits. Wineries are no exception. Management often spends too little time and effort trying to satisfy the visitor and encourage them to return. However, repeat visitors are valuable because they typically spend more than first‐time tourists and pass along information to others. This paper examines the importance of bringing consumers back to a winery, and the information and spending implications of doing so.
A single gene in mast cells encodes the core peptides of heparin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.

Abstract The diversity of the genes encoding mammalian proteoglycan peptide cores was explored using a cDNA clone that encodes the partial sequence of a cell surface/pericellular matrix-localized chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Thus we were able to detect the expression of the gene(s) encoding the intracellular chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan produced by a variety of rat and mouse mucosal-like mast cells and the intracellular heparin proteoglycan synthesized by rat serosal mast cells. The cDNA from the proteoglycan cDNA clone pPG-1 was fractionated into two discrete fragments, one of which contained the nucleotides encoding the serine-glycine repeat sequence (pPG-B) and the other of which contained sequences on the 3' side of the repeat (pPG-M). As assessed by Southern blot analysis, pPG-B identified a large gene family, whereas pPG-M identified a single DNA fragment in the rat genome. When the pPG-1 insert and the two subcloned probes pPG-B and pPG-M were used to analyze RNA extracted from the rat and mouse mucosal-like mast cells and the rat serosal mast cells, the same major RNA species was detected at 1.3 kilobases with both probes. These data suggest that the gene responsible for the peptide core of the extracellular chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesized by the rat yolk sac cell line is also the gene that encodes the core peptides of the secretory granule-localized chondroitin sulfate and heparin proteoglycans.
Aftershocks: Are they earthquakes or afterthoughts?

We tend to view aftershocks as after-thoughts in their scientific as well as societal importance. The media often ask seismologists: “Was it just an aftershock?” with the “just” implying that aftershocks present little cause for concern. Seismologists themselves tend to dismiss the importance of events that follow a large mainshock. Even appreciable aftershocks typically generate only a fraction of the scientific interest and investigation that the mainshock does. However, consideration of recent earthquake sequences suggests that aftershocks can be even more damaging than mainshocks in some cases. That is, although the aftershocks are still, by definition, smaller events, they could be even more damaging by virtue of proximity to population centers or other circumstances.
Temperature dependence of Cd and Pb binding onto bacterial cells

Abstract We measured aqueous Cd and Pb adsorption onto bacterial surfaces at 5 °C, 50 °C, and 80 °C. We performed the adsorption experiments using one Gram-positive species, Bacillus subtilis , and one Gram-negative species, Pseudomonas mendocina . We use a surface complexation approach to determine the thermodynamic stability constants for the important metal–bacterial surface complexes for each temperature and each bacterial species. Our results indicate that temperature affects metal adsorption onto the surfaces of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species differently. B. subtilis exhibits little difference in its metal-binding capacity over the temperature range of this study. At elevated temperatures, Pb(OH) + is the dominant form of Pb that binds to the surface while Pb 2+ adsorption predominates at lower temperatures. However, the overall extent of Pb adsorption does not vary significantly with temperature. Conversely, the extent of both Cd and Pb adsorption onto P. mendocina is higher at 5 °C relative to the 50 °C and 80 °C data, but only under low pH conditions. The temperature dependence of metal adsorption onto bacteria depends upon both the metal and the bacterial species involved in the reaction. For both bacterial species studied here under circumneutral conditions, there is no significant temperature dependence to the extent of Cd adsorption or to the speciation of the important Cd–bacterial surface complexes. Therefore, a single set of averaged stability constant values can be used to account for Cd adsorption onto the cells as a function of temperature. Conversely, Pb more readily hydrolyzes in solution with increasing temperature than does Cd. Therefore, although the extent of total Pb adsorption does not change with temperature above pH 5, the speciation of the important Pb–bacterial surface complexes does vary with temperature. For metals such as Pb, the effect of temperature on the identity and stability constants of the bacterial surface complexes must be determined in order to accurately model metal speciation and transport as a function of temperature in bacteria-bearing geologic systems.
Probabilistic foundations for coefficients of generalizability.

This paper explores certain problems which arise within the context of the theory of generalizability put forward by Cornbach, Rajaratnam, and Gleser. In particular, a formal explication of their theory for the single observation is given, and the various coefflcients of generalizability which they define are related to the estimation of universe scores.
α subunit partners to β1 and β2 integrins during IL-4-induced foreign body giant cell formation

As beta1 and beta2 integrins were previously found to mediate adhesion during IL-4-induced foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation, we pursued the identities of the alpha integrin partners of these adhesion receptors using our in vitro system of human monocyte-derived macrophage fusion. Immunoprecipitation with beta1 and immunoblotting reveal the presence of alpha5 and alphaV, as well as alpha2 and alpha3. alphaM and alphaX immunoprecipitate with beta2 but not with beta1. Immunocytochemistry coupled with confocal microscopy indicates that alpha5 and alphaX are poorly expressed on day 0. However, following the induction of fusion by IL-4 on day 3, they are each readily detectable in fusing macrophages/FBGC on day 7. In contrast, alphaM and alphaV are present throughout the culture period, with very strong alphaM expression on day 7. We also demonstrate expression and colocalization of alpha3, alpha5, or alphaV with beta1 on fusing macrophages/FBGC at this time point as well as strong colocalization of alphaM and alphaX with beta2 in FBGC and at fusion interfaces. Therefore, IL-4-induced FBGC are characterized by the expression of alphaMbeta2, alphaXbeta2, alpha5beta1, alphaVbeta1, alpha2beta1, and alpha3beta1, which indicates potential interactions with fragments of complement C3, fibrin(ogen), fibronectin, Factor X, and vitronectin, and possibly with certain collagens, laminin, and thrombospondin at sites of biomaterial implantation.
The treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with photopheresis.

Photopheresis or extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is an immunomodulating procedure that has been available for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) since 1987. A concentrated white blood cell (WBC) sample spiked with 8-methoxypsoralen (methoxsalen) is exposed to an ultraviolet A light source, then all blood components are returned to the patient. Treatment of mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) with ECP has been reported in over 400 patients. The combined overall response rate for all stages of CTCL is 55.7% (244 out of 438) with 17.6% (77 out of 438) achieving a complete response. Efficacy in treating certain clinical stages (IB, IIA, III and IVA) and skin stages (T2 and T4) of MF and SS is favorable, although randomized trials comparing ECP to other standard therapies are needed. The use of ECP to treat early stage patients remains controversial. Efforts to establish the effectiveness of combining ECP with other newer immunoadjuvant therapies and modifications of the procedure to enhance immunomodulation are exciting prospects for patients with CTCL.
Benzyladenine Promotes Shoot Initiation in Empty Leaf Axils of Stellaria media L.

Summary In Stellaria media L. plants, cotyledons possess axillary shoots. The first pair of opposite foliage leaves frequently lack any axillary shoots, and in the leaf pairs at subsequent nodes, generally only one leaf of a pair has an axillary shoot. When a 7-μL drop of 0.44 mM benzyladenine is applied daily to 5- to 7-d old seedling shoot tips for 7 d, shoots are initiated in the axils of most of the leaves that are empty in control plants. This suggests that cytokinins play a role in the initiation of shoots during the normal ontogeny of the plant.
Mutagenic effects of sodium azide and gamma irradiation in Pisum

Abstract Sodium azide was an effective mutagen in Pisum when used at a concentration of 10 −3 M and at pH 3. Effects on dry, sound seeds of ‘Juneau’ so treated for 3 or 4 hr and for 3 hr in the presence of oxygen were compared with responses to 5, 10 and 20 kR of γ-rays for evaluating relative effectiveness in producing mutants. Leaf aberrations were observed on γ-irradiated plants but not on azide-treated plants, an indication that azide did not cause chromosome damage. At the treatment levels used, sodium azide was as effective in total yield of mutants but produced fewer stunted and variously deformed plants than γ-rays.
Relative bioavailability of organic zinc sources based on tissue zinc and metallothionein in chicks fed conventional dietary zinc concentrations

Abstract An experiment was conducted to estimate relative bioavailability (RBV) of Zn in Zinc proteinate and Zinc methionine compared to Zinc acetate as the standard. A total of 432, 1-day-old male broiler chicks was assigned randomly to dietary treatments which included the basal maize–soyabean meal diet (24 mg Zn kg−1 DM) supplemented with 0, 30, 60, or 90 mg kg−1 added Zn as reagent grade Zinc acetate or 30 or 60 mg kg−1 added Zn from Zinc methionine or Zinc proteinate fed for 3, 6, or 9 days. Accumulation of Zn in bone increased (P
Vertical Structure of Tropical Waves Maintained by Internally-Induced Cumulus Heating

Abstract Solutions to the wave-CISK (conditional instability of the second kind with cumulus heating being induced by low-level internal wave convergence) system are obtained to study the vertical structure of orginally unstable waves. A diabatic heating profile is specified that resembles those observed and those theoretically derived from simple pararmeterization schemes. Upper and lower bounds for the vertical wavelength of the unstable waves under normal beating conditions are established through analysis of the frequency (stability) equation. The lower bound excludes the possibility of excitation or maintenance of short vertical wavelengths (relative to the vertical scale of heating) by wave-CISK. The calculated growth rates indicate that this result is basically insensitive to the vertical heating profile. The vertical structure of the most unstable waves is also computed and the possible roles played by CISK in large-scale tropical waves are discussed in light of these results.
Reconstruction of the support of an object from the support of its autocorrelation

The phase-retrieval problem consists of the reconstruction of an object from the modulus of its Fourier transform or, equivalently, from its autocorrelation. This paper describes a number of results relating to the reconstruction of the support of an object from the support of its autocorrelation. Methods for reconstructing the object’s support are given for objects whose support is convex and for certain objects consisting of collections of distinct points. The uniqueness of solutions is discussed. In addition, for the objects consisting of collections of points, a simple method is shown for completely reconstructing the object functions.
LATINO FAMILIES IN THERAPY: ENGAGEMENT AND EVALUATION*

General guidelines are offered for the successful engagement of Latino families in family therapy. It is suggested that a therapist's involvement of Latinos in therapy requires both skills in family therapy and sensitivity to cultural issues. Factors found to be useful in the family assessment are presented. Furthermore, issues in the engagement and evaluation phases of family therapy with Latino families are discussed, and illustrative clinical material is presented.
Multi-sensor navigation algorithm using monocular camera, IMU and GPS for large scale augmented reality

Camera tracking system for augmented reality applications that can operate both indoors and outdoors is described. The system uses a monocular camera, a MEMS-type inertial measurement unit (IMU) with 3-axis gyroscopes and accelerometers, and GPS unit to accurately and robustly track the camera motion in 6 degrees of freedom (with correct scale) in arbitrary indoor or outdoor scenes. IMU and camera fusion is performed in a tightly coupled manner by an error-state extended Kalman filter (EKF) such that each visually tracked feature contributes as an individual measurement as opposed to the more traditional approaches where camera pose estimates are first extracted by means of feature tracking and then used as measurement updates in a filter framework. Robustness in feature tracking and hence in visual measurement generation is achieved by IMU aided feature matching and a two-point relative pose estimation method, to remove outliers from the raw feature point matches. Landmark matching to contain long-term drift in orientation via on the fly user generated geo-tiepoint mechanism is described.
Interactions between ferroelectric BaTiO 3 and Si

Ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films were deposited on single crystal Si substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Bilayer structures of BaTiO3 thin films, either amorphous on polycrystalline (A/P) or polycrystalline on microcrystalline (P/M), were utilized to reduce the leakage current and to enhance the dielectric constant of the films compared to single polycrystalline and amorphous layer structures, respectively. Relatively lower charge density, determined by the capacitance-voltage measurement on the capacitors with a configuration of Au/ BaTiO/p-Si/Al, was detected for the BaTiO3 thin film with a structure of P/M. The current-voltage characteristics of the Al/SiO2(~1.8 nm)/p-Si/Al diodes fabricated on the Si after removing BaTiO3 layers gave direct evidence of the preservation of the Si surface crystal by using a P/M instead of a A/P structure. This was further confirmed by the Auger electron spectroscopy analysis on the samples.
“Selfish” algorithm for reducing the computational cost of the network survivability analysis

In Nature, the primary goal of any network is to survive. This is less obvious for engineering networks (electric power, gas, water, transportation systems, etc.) that are expected to operate under normal conditions most of the time. As a result, the ability of a network to withstand massive sudden damage caused by adverse events (or survivability) has not been among traditional goals in systems design. Reality, however, calls for the adjustment of design priorities. As modern networks develop toward increasing their size, complexity, and integration, the likelihood of adverse events also increases due to technological development, climate change, and activities in the political arena, among other factors. Under such circumstances, a network failure has an unprecedented effect on lives and economy. To mitigate the impact of adverse events on network operability, the survivability analysis must be conducted at an early stage in network design. Such analysis requires the development of new analytical and computational tools. A computational analysis of network survivability is an exponential time problem that makes the analysis computationally unfeasible for large-scale networks. The current paper describes a new algorithm in which reduction of the computational cost is achieved by mapping an initial network topology with multiple sources and sinks onto a set of simpler smaller topologies with multiple sources and a single sink. Steps for further reducing the time and space expenses of computations are also discussed.
The effect of different investment techniques on the surface roughness and irregularities of gold palladium alloy castings

Statement of problem Surface roughness and irregularities can affect the fit of a restoration. It is unknown whether different investment techniques have an effect on surface roughness and irregularities of gold palladium alloy castings. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and irregularities of gold palladium alloy castings obtained using different investment techniques. Material and methods Forty disk-shaped wax patterns were prepared and divided into 4 groups. A phosphate-bonded, carbon-free investment was used for the investment procedures. Twenty specimens were invested using a vacuum mixer, while the remainder were invested using a vacuum mixer and investor. The specimens in both broad categories were divided evenly to set in 2 different conditions of pressure. Half were left to set under atmospheric pressure for 1 hour, while the rest were placed in a compression chamber under a pressure of 3 bars for 24 minutes, then allowed to bench set for another 36 minutes. A profilometer was used to evaluate the surface roughness (μm) of the castings. The specimens were also studied under x10 magnification for surface irregularities. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the relationships among surface roughness, investing, and pressure (α=.05). Logistic regression was used to explore the relationships among surface irregularities, investing, and pressure. Results Two-way ANOVA for surface roughness did not reveal any statistically significant differences. However, there was a trend for the specimens set under atmospheric pressure to present lower values of surface roughness than the specimens set under positive pressure ( P =.095). The logistic regression for surface irregularities showed a highly significant impact of pressure. The odds of any surface irregularities for specimens under atmospheric pressure were 9.12 times higher than the odds for specimens under positive pressure ( P =.016). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that specimens set under atmospheric pressure are much more likely to present surface irregularities than specimens set under positive pressure. The use of pressure can help produce castings with fewer surface irregularities. (J Prosthet Dent 2008;99:282–286)
Decreased Binding of Asialoglycoproteins to Hepatocytes from Ethanol-fed Rats CONSEQUENCE OF BOTH IMPAIRED SYNTHESIS AND INACTIVATION OF THE ASIALOGLYCOPROTEIN RECEPTOR

Chronic ethanol administration alters the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Using the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) as a model, we have previously shown decreased binding of asialoglycoproteins to this receptor after as early as 1 week of ethanol administration. In the present study, we further analyzed the mechanism(s) responsible for this impairment by determining the ligand and antibody binding characteristics of the ASGP-R in rats fed ethanol over a 5-week time course. The results presented here demonstrate that ethanol treatment for 4 days significantly impaired total ligand binding without affecting antibody binding. Ethanol administration for a longer period of 1-2 weeks resulted in intermediate impairments in both ligand and antibody binding. After 5 weeks of ethanol exposure, ligand and antibody binding were equally lowered. In contrast to total cellular receptor binding, surface binding of both ligand and antibody were decreased over the entire time course of ethanol administration. Our data indicate that the ASGP-R is initially inactivated during the time course of ethanol exposure and that a redistribution of surface receptors to intracellular compartments occurs. Northern blot analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in receptor mRNA content in the 5-week chronically fed animals but not in the animals fed for 1 week. In addition, after 5 weeks of ethanol feeding, biosynthetic labeling of the ASGP-R was decreased in the ethanol cells, indicating impaired synthesis of the ASGP-R. In summary, an early inactivation of the ASGP-R occurs during ethanol exposure followed by an actual decrease in protein and mRNA content for the receptor.
Model study in chemisorption: molecular orbital cluster theory for atomic hydrogen on be(0001)

The interaction between atomic hydrogen and the (0001) surface of Be has been studied by using clusters of Be atoms to simulate the substrate. The largest cluster used contains 22 Be atoms, 14 in the first layer and 8 in a second layer. An H atom is added to the Be clusters at four high symmetry adsorption sites. Ab initio molecular orbital Hartree-Fock wave functions have been obtained and the interaction energy of H with the Be cluster is studied as a function of vertical distance from the surface. Thorough studies of various aspects of the computations and of the appropriate interpretation of the cluster results are reported. Our results show that three of the sites considered have similar binding energies, De ≅ 50 kca/mol (≅2.1 × 105 J/mol), and (vertical) equilibrium distances from the surface, re ≅ 0.1 nm. For the fourth site, H directly over a Be atom, De is ≅30 kca/mol(1.3 × 105 J/mol), and re is ≅ 0.14 nm. We expect that the dissociative adsorption of H2 on Be(0001) will be exothermic. A model calculation for diffusion of H into the bulk indicates that this process is energetically unfavorable for an ideal (0001) surface. The vibrational energies for the motion of H normal to the surface are found to be substantially different for sites with different surface coordinations. The nature of the covalent bond formed between H and Be(0001) is analyzed.
Books at JSTOR: An Interview with Bruce Heterick

In August 2012, Marilyn Geller interviewed Bruce Heterick, vice president at ITHAKA, which includes JSTOR and Portico. Heterick discusses the addition of e-books to the JSTOR platform (Books at JSTOR), the impact of e-books on academic library services, and the future of e-books in the realm of scholarly communications.
Identity development and alcohol consumption: current and retrospective self-reports by college students

First-year college students were asked to complete alcohol consumption and identity status questionnaires-currently and retrospectively. Trend analyses of the retrospective data and current data revealed somewhat similar inverse linear trends for identity status on absolute annual alcohol consumption. In both cases, identity sophistication was associated with lower levels of consumption. Of the students who reported an increase in consumption from the junior year of high school to the first year of college, those displaying progressive identity development reported a relatively lower increase in consumption than those displaying stable identity status. This difference approached the conventional level of significance. The implications of these findings are explored.
Opioid growth factor and organ development in rat and human embryos.

Abstract In addition to neurotransmission, the native opioid peptide, [Met5]enkephalin, is a tonically active inhibitory growth molecule that is termed opioid growth factor (OGF). OGF interacts with the zeta (ζ) opioid receptor to influence cell proliferation and tissue organization. We now identify OGF and the ζ receptor in embryonic derivatives including ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm of the rat on gestation day 20. Messenger RNA for preproenkephalin (PPE), the precursor of OGF, was detected in the developing cells, suggesting an autocrine production of this peptide. Acute exposure of the pregnant female to OGF resulted in a decrease in DNA synthesis in cells of organs representing all three germ layers, and did so in a receptor-mediated fashion. The influence of OGF was direct, as evidenced in organ culture studies. Blockade of endogenous opioid interaction using naltrexone (NTX) produced an increase in DNA synthesis, indicating the constitutive and functional nature of opioid activity on growth during prenatal life. Human fetal cells contained OGF and the ζ receptor. These data support the hypothesis that endogenous opioid modulation of organ development is a fundamental principle of mammalian embryogenesis, and that OGF has a profound influence on ontogeny. Irregularities in the role of opioids as growth regulators in relationship to the more than 500,000 newborns suffering from birth defects each year in the US needs to be examined.
Effects of trees on their recruits in the southern Appalachians, USA

Abstract The negative effect of conspecific trees on seedling recruitment in temperate forests has been well documented at the population level for several common species. In 2007, we estimated the survival of 2210 recently germinated seedlings of nine tree species transplanted near conspecific and heterospecific trees, a surrogate for describing distance-dependent mortality, as part of an experiment with landscape-level replication across eight mixed-deciduous forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. Forest composition was variable but they had a number of woody species in common. Prior to establishing the field experiment, we used a forest inventory database for the region to classify the recruitment patterns of tree species and formulate predictions for species. The field experiment, conducted as a drought was progressing, revealed that four of the nine species planted had variable survival around conspecifics compared with heterospecifics suggesting variation in distance-dependent mortality. Acer saccharum and Tsuga canadensis both had greater mortality near conspecifics than heterospecifics, while Fagus grandifolia and Prunus serotina showed the opposite pattern. Species classified as having greater recruitment around conspecifics, according to the forest inventory data, suffered greater overall levels of mortality in our field experiment. Possibly because of the progressing drought, none of the four species predicted to be most affected by distance-dependent sources of mortality based on the forest inventory data exhibited the predicted patterns of survival near conspecific vs. heterospecific trees in the field experiment. Furthermore, two of the four species (A. saccharum and T. canadensis) classified as being least affected by conspecific trees actually had greater survival near heterospecifics than conspecifics. Although we identified effects of canopy tree type in four of the nine comparisons, negative effects of conspecific trees were observed for only two (A. saccharum and T. canadensis) of nine species and mostly contradicted predictions based on patterns from forest inventory data. The inconsistency between patterns from the forest inventory data and from experiments indicates that there may be localized, complex interactions that make generalizations about neighbor effects on tree seedling survival difficult.
Strangely Interested: The Work of Historical Fantasy

The proliferation of historical commemoration in the United States has led to the willful, overt manipulation of historical facts through imaginative fantasy. This essay argues that a strong literary tradition can help us understand this mode of historical fantasy. The essay surveys contemporary fictions of alternate history, particularly Philip Roth’s The Plot against America (2004). The essay contends that historical fantasy offers a particular mode of engagement with the past—one that steers a middle course between nationalist chauvinism and revisionist debunking.
Magnetic transition in Rb2CoCl4·2H2O☆

Abstract Specific heat measurements in the temperature region 0.95 – 8.0 K revealed a λ-type anomaly at 1.26 K, suggesting a magnetic transition from a paramagnetic to an antiferromagnetic state. A considerable amount of short range order exists since approximately 70% of the total entropy is recovered above the transition temperature. The calculated sublattice magnetization is compared to several statistical models.
Applications of complementary tri-stimulus colorimetry—II: A least square method applied to multicomponent systems

Abstract It is shown how the calculation of colorant concentrations in complementary tri-stimulus colorimetry can be improved by the application of the least square method, rather than by simple averaging of sets of results. In this improvement a matrix approach is especially useful, and the required equations are developed. Comparison of results obtained by the two methods shows the superiority of the matrix approach.
Latino Church Leaders and Domestic Violence: Attitudes and Knowledge

This article describes two focus groups that explored Latino church leaders’ attitudes and knowledge about domestic violence. Participants were well aware of the intergenerational nature of domestic violence and suggested both religious and secular interventions. They were opposed to separation or divorce and did not view abusers as being responsible for their violent behavior. Some participants disclosed significant personal experience with domestic violence. Results suggest that efforts to engage Latino church leaders in domestic violence prevention/intervention should acknowledge the religious and cultural importance of keeping families together, build on the positive aspects of traditional male/female roles in Latino cultures, and incorporate opportunities for sharing and healing from personal experiences.
PET evaluation of [18F]FCWAY, an analog of the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100635

Abstract We synthesized [18F]FCWAY, an analog of [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 {[11C]N-(2-(1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazinyl)ethyl))-N-(2-(pyridinyl))cyclohexanecarboxamide}, by replacing the cyclohexanecarbonyl group acid with a trans-4-fluorocyclohexanecarbonyl group (FC). Control and preblocking studies were performed in anesthetized monkeys. Plasma radioactive metabolite analysis showed the presence of [18F]FC and [18F]fluoride. Tissue time-radioactivity curves were corrected for metabolite contamination based on separate positron-emission tomography studies of these two labeled metabolites. Analysis using a two-tissue compartment model gave distribution volume (V) estimates (mL/mL) ranging from 33 in frontal cortex to 4 in cerebellum. Preblocking data showed uniform V of 2–3 mL/mL. These studies demonstrate that [18F]FCWAY has very similar kinetic characteristics to [11C]WAY-100635.
Observations of large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction in the Southern Hemisphere

Abstract The authors provide a detailed examination of observed ocean–atmosphere interaction in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Focus is placed on the observed relationships between variability in SH extratropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Results are examined separately for the warm (November–April) and cold (May–October) seasons and for monthly and weekly time scales. It is shown that the signatures of the SAM and ENSO in the SH SST field vary as a function of season, both in terms of their amplitudes and structures. The role of surface turbulent and Ekman heat fluxes in driving seasonal variations in the SAM- and ENSO-related SST anomalies is investigated. Analyses of weekly data reveal that variability in the SAM tends to precede anomalies in the SST field by ∼1 week, and that the e-folding time scale of the SAM-related SST field anomalies is at least 4 months. The persistence of the SAM-related SST anomalies is...
Noise control of domestic appliances

Numerous factors must be considered in designing for noise control of domestic appliances. For example, the environment and use are often as important as the actual magnitude and frequency of the noise. Although measurement of sound is relatively simple, effective interpretation of its meaning generally requires a well-trained expert.
Testing ab initio procedures; The 6–31G∗ model

Abstract Revised estimates are given of the effective errors in molecular energies calculated by the 3–21 G and 6–31G ∗ ab initio quantum mechanical models, using a recently developed procedure.
Occupational structure and proprietor preferences: Subject matter displayed by art dealers

Abstract A structural model is developed facilitating explanation of art dealer's painting preferences. It is argued that social strains in the form of divergent occupational role patterns are structured in the occupation of art dealership. Two incompatible role models for art dealers are identified: business and artistic. The relative orientation of the art dealers to the artistic or business roles is shown to be differentially associated with their painting preference-subject matter displayed. The model advanced is based upon data produced from Los Angeles art dealers, and it focuses upon bringing together a study of the occupation and a study of painting preferences in the occupation.
An Integer Linear Programming Approach for Dedicated Machine Constraint

Dedicated machine constraint is one of the new challenges introduced in photolithography machinery of the semiconductor manufacturing system due to natural bias. Previous researches either did not take the constraint into account or the proposed heuristic approach might not fit the fast-changing market of semiconductor manufacturing. In this paper, we propose a new framework for the issue of the dedicated machine constraint in semiconductor manufacturing based on an Integer Linear Program (ILP) framework. The ILP framework provides an efficient approach to minimize the producing cost and obtain a global optimal solution in an efficient time. We also present the experiments to validate the proposed approach.
Atrophy of the Heart: A Correlative Study of Eighty-Five Proved Cases

This critical study of atrophy of the heart is based upon a detailed analysis of 85 proved cases. The clinical, roentgenographic and electrocardiographic features are considered to be sufficiently distinctive to facilitate antemortem recognition. The clinical implications of atrophy of the heart and the reversibility of atrophy and hypertrophy are emphasized.