cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How much power oversubscription is safe and allowed in data centers

Data centers attempt to maximize return on investment by achieving high levels of utilization. This means deploying the maximum number of servers possible within existing power supply capabilities. Therefore, a key problem is determining how many servers can be safely accommodated. Recently, a variety of power capping solutions have been proposed to safely allow oversubscription of available power, but they conservatively assume that peak power should never exceed the rated power distribution equipment capacity. Hence, the open question is: how much power oversubscription is indeed safe? In this paper, we focus on data center branch circuits and systematically study the tripping characteristics of their circuit breakers (CBs). Our results on a physical testbed show that instantaneous violations of the rated CB power limit are not necessarily fatal because CBs are designed to sustain a certain amount of power overload. Whether a CB trips or not depends primarily on the transient behaviors of a power overload, such as the magnitude and duration time, as well as ambient temperature. We propose two adaptive power control strategies that utilize the CB tripping characteristics to aggressively optimize the system performance without causing the CB to trip. Our extensive hardware results with SPEC CPU2006, SPECJBB, and LINPACK benchmarks show that the proposed CB-aware power control solutions achieve 38%, 75%, and 68% better average performance, respectively, than a state-of-the-art baseline. A key contribution of our work is to provide a practical upper bound of the server power oversubscription allowed on branch circuits. As a result, our solutions allow a data center to host three times more servers than traditional static power provisioning schemes and 54% more servers than the current power capping practice.
Clinical application of operationalized criteria for 'Depression of Alzheimer's Disease'.

Objectives ‘Depression of Alzheimer's Disease’ (dAD) is a common complication of Alzheimer's disease and is increasingly recognized as a syndrome with a clinical presentation differing from major depression. Criteria for the diagnosis of dAD have been proposed previously. Methods This paper presents these criteria in operationalized format designed to be accessible for clinical use. Four cases are discussed that demonstrate the use of these criteria and illustrate important differences between dAD and major depression. Results The dAD criteria are broader than DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Episode and incorporate caregiver input. Conclusions Given the differences between dAD and major depression diagnoses, it is important to assess the efficacy of treatments for dAD. Depression in Alzheimer's Disease-2 (DIADS-2) is a controlled trial of dAD treatments that will also assess the validity of these criteria. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resonance Raman and far-infrared studies of charge-transfer complexes of iodine

The reactions of I2 with phenazine (PH), acridine (AC) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) have been investigated by resonance Raman and far-infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the species (PH)2I+I3−, (AC)2I+I3− and (HMTA)2I+I3− are formed. However, the 1:1 adduct I2. PH is also produced and this can be obtained in relatively pure form by recrystallization.
Translingual OCR by template correlations

Foreign language materials on the web are growing at a faster rate than English language materials and it has been predicted that by the end of 1999 the amount of non-English resources on the internet will exceed English resources. A significant portion of the non-English material is in the form of images. We believe that it would be of value if we were to be able to identify the language/script or identify the text by processing the images through English character OCRs that are trained on the English alphabet. The output of the recognizer is analyzed to see if there are unique signature patterns that would help map the resultant English characters or strings to foreign language/script characters or strings. If the language or script used in the image can be identified based on the results of an English recognition system, then the OCR for that script, if available, can be applied and an appropriate Machine Translation Engine can be used to recognize the text. An initial attempt to identify charateristic signature patterns while procesing machine-printed Devanagari characters through English OCRs is detailed in this paper.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Abstract Objectives. Nephroureterectomy with removal of the bladder cuff is the standard of care for patients with upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Historically, it has been performed using two separate incisions or one large incision extending from the lateral flank to the symphysis pubis. We describe an alternative technique using endoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic techniques and present our experience. Methods. During the past 18 months, 22 patients at two institutions underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. In 19 patients, the distal ureter and bladder cuff were managed endoscopically. In 3 patients, the distal ureter and the bladder cuff were removed by an extravesical, laparoscopic technique. The intraoperative parameters assessed included operative time, estimated blood loss, specimen weight, surgical margin status, pathologic grade and stage, and acute complications. Postoperative endpoints included the time to sustained fluid intake, parenteral narcotic requirement (milliequivalents of morphine sulfate), oral narcotic requirement (number of tablets), length of stay, time until return to normal activity, and rate of tumor recurrence. Results. The average age of our patient population was 65 years (range 42 to 86), 10 patients were men and 12 were women, and the average American Society of Anesthesiologists classification was 2.2. All but 2 patients had their specimens removed en bloc. No intraoperative complications occurred. The average operative time was 272 minutes (range 190 to 440), and the average blood loss was 180 mL (range 50 to 400); no patient required a transfusion. The mean specimen weight was 457 g (range 190 to 1420). All 22 patients had negative surgical margins. Postoperatively, the time to sustained fluid intake averaged 2.1 days (range 1 to 7), the mean parenteral narcotic requirement was 55 mEq (range 12 to 107.8) of morphine sulfate, the mean oral narcotic requirement was 5.8 tablets (range 1 to 14), and the average length of stay was 4.1 days (range 3 to 14). One patient developed thrombophlebitis of the right external jugular vein from a central line and required 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. The mean time to return to normal activity was 19 days; the mean follow-up was 13 months. Six patients had disease recurrence: four low-grade, low-stage bladder tumors and two metastatic tumors. All patients were alive at 18 months. Conclusions. Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with endoscopic management of the bladder cuff is a viable and efficacious alternative to open nephroureterectomy. The technique allows the surgeon to perform an en bloc resection of the kidney, ureter, and bladder cuff without compromising oncologic principles. Patients benefit from a decrease in pain and hospital stay and quicker convalescence. Longer follow-up and comparative studies to standard open techniques are underway.
Physio‐Chemical Modifications of Polystyrene and Poly(propylene) Surfaces by Electron Beam‐Generated Plasmas Produced in Argon

Pulsed, electron beam generated plasmas produced in argon were used to modify the surfaces of polystyrene and poly(propylene). The influence of plasma parameters including duty factor, plasma period and exposure time on the surface chemistry, energy and morphology was investigated. In these plasmas, the energy of ions striking the surfaces was modest (< 5 eV) and comparable to the bond strength of most polymers. Despite the lack of reactive species in the background, a substantial modification in the chemical composition of the polymer surface occurred, leading to a significant increase in surface energy. These changes occurred without a significant increase in surface roughness, or loss of material due to etching. Indeed, the surface morphology of polystyrene was practically unchanged, whereas the surface of poly(propylene) became smoother with plasma exposure. Based on theoretical estimations, the ions play major role in the modification of polymers.
Complications of Motility Peg Placement for the Hydroxyapatite Orbital Implant

Purpose: The hydroxyapatite implant is an ocular motility implant designed to provide natural movement of the artificial eye. The movement of the prosthesis is maximized when the implant is coupled to the prosthesis via a peg. The purpose of this study is to determine the complications of the hydroxyapatite motility peg and the factors related to those complications. Design: Retrospective review of 47 cases over 5 years. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all cases of hydroxyapatite motility peg placement. The technique of hydroxyapatite and peg placement, follow-up details, and complications of the peg were recorded. Results: The complications of peg placement included peg extrusion in 26% (12 of 47), nonspecific conjunctivitis in 6% (3 of 47), audible click in 6% (3 of 47), temporary excessive conjunctival edema in 4% (2 of 47), and temporary excessive postoperative pain in 4% (2 of 47). There were no cases of infection, persistent pain, persistent edema, or discharge at peg site. The median time interval from peg placement to extrusion was 16 months (range, 1–52 months). The only statistically significant factor related to peg extrusion was age over 50 years ( P = 0.04). There was a trend toward peg extrusion with use of a nonsleeved peg (versus sleeved peg) ( P = 0.10). The extrusion rate was 32% (12 of 38) for nonsleeved pegs and 0% (0 of 9) for sleeved pegs. Factors unrelated to peg extrusion were patient sex, prior ocular surgery or radiotherapy, presence of giant papillary conjunctivitis, time interval from enucleation to peg placement, and degree of implant vascularization on magnetic resonance imaging. Of the 12 nonsleeved pegs that extruded, a sleeved peg system was subsequently successfully placed in 5 patients, a nonsleeved peg in 1 patient, and 6 patients remained without a peg system. Conclusions: Hydroxyapatite motility pegs have relatively few complications except for extrusion. The rate of extrusion can be minimized by employing a sleeved peg rather than a nonsleeved peg system.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE ONSET FOR NEGATIVE-ION FORMATION IN CO .

We have studied the formation of ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions with zero kinetic energy from C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, a reaction typical of the forms ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+XYZ\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}^{\ensuremath{-}}+YZ or \ensuremath{\rightarrow}X{Y}^{\ensuremath{-}}+Z$, where $\mathrm{XYZ}$ is a triatomic molecule. We find that the onset energy shows a marked dependence on the temperature of the gas, and we conclude that such onset measurements must be extrapolated to 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to give meaningful electron affinities.
Families Facing Untenable Choices

Inflexible employment undermines mothers' ability to provide family care. Playing by the rules of middle class institutions poses particular challenges for low-income moms.
Interference of a hard-core boson gas on a ring

We study the quantum dynamics of a one-dimensional gas of hard-core bosons on a ring, and investigate the interference that results when an initially trapped gas localized on one side of the ring is released, split via an optical-dipole grating, and recombined on the other side of the ring. Large visibility interference fringes arise when the wave vector of the optical-dipole grating is larger than the effective Fermi wave vector of the initial gas.
Cyclic AMP-mediated Phosphorylation and Insolubilization of a 49-kDa Cytoskeletal Marker Protein of Lens Fiber Terminal Differentiation

Abstract Terminal differentiation of chick lens fiber cells has been previously characterized by the accumulation, acidification via phosphorylation, and increased membrane association of a 49-kDa cytoskeletal protein. In these studies, we examine: (1) the subcellular distribution of the 49-kDa protein with regard to ageing and isoform composition; and (2) potential mechanisms regulating 49-kDa phosphorylation and insolubilization. With conventional Western blotting techniques, the 49-kDa protein is found exclusively in insoluble form within terminally differentiated nuclear fiber cells. Cortical fibers, on the other hand, exhibit a more widespread subcellular distribution of the 49-kDa protein. On two-dimensional gels, cortical 49-kDa isoelectric variants segregate according to their ease of sedimentation. After homogenization in detergent-containing buffers, the major isoform of the 49-kDa protein found in low speed pellets (40 000 g , 20 min) exhibits an acidic pI. The 40 000 g supernate and the high speed pellet (100 000 g , 2 hr) which is sedimented from this supernate are enriched in more basic isoforms of the 49-kDa protein. The 100 000 g supernate overlying the high speed pellet is dominated by the most basic isoform. With in vitro phosphorylation assays, the 49 kDa protein is shown to be a major substrate affected by endogenous cAMP-dependent mechanisms. Both the low and high speed pellets exhibit endogenous cAMP-dependent kinase activity. An inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity is also found in soluble lens fractions. Conversion of the 49-kDa protein into more acidic, phosphorylated isoforms increases its insolubility and ease of sedimentation. The latter results exactly mimic the normal processing of the 49-kDa protein during lens fiber development and provide a basis for future studies examining intracellular mechanisms involved in regulating lens differentiation.
Plato Encounters Zen—atop the Mountain Peaks of Iran

Toshihiko Izutzu's Ishiki to Honshitsu, recently translated into German under the title of Bewusstsein und Wesen, represents a Zen-inspired clarification of a deep underlying tension that characterizes the figure of Socrates: on the one hand a commitment to a fully public form of discourse (thus the central role of defining one's terms) and on the other hand a recognition of the elusively private dimension of language (the insistence that one's interlocutor say what he means). Izutzu (the father of Islamic studies in Japan) lets his philosophical encounter between East and West find its focal point in that tradition of Persian Sufism which culminates in the thought of Mulla Sadra. It is here that Wesen (essence) takes on flesh. Remarkably enough, Plato too had his Persian encounter, as can be inferred from the "Myth of the True Earth" that comes at the end of the Phaedo and represents the last recorded words of Socrates. The ancient Persian legend of Hūrqalyā, the Celestial Earth of emerald cities that He...
Acalculous parotid sialadenopathy.

Acalculous inflammation of the parotid gland has been regarded by some as a specific disorder that can be staged as to the severity of the disease process. A review of the literature, however, indicates a divergence of opinion. It is the purpose of this study to test this hypothesis by a retrospective double-blind analysis of clinical, sialographic and histopathologic findings. Forty-two patients who were seen by the Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine from 1961 to 1970 were evaluated by two separate teams. There were 20 sialograms and 30 pathologic specimens, and all were re-examined. Eleven patients had both sialographic studies and histopathologic examination. The clinical presentations and sialographic findings were reviewed. These findings were then compared to each other. Our results indicate that we could not evaluate the severity of the clinical disease by sialography or histopathology. There was no consistent method of staging the sialographic and pathologic findings. In addition, there was no correlation between these two parameters. They reflect neither the patient's clinical syndrome pattern nor the extent of disease. It appears that the parotid gland responds variably to inflammation. These observations are exemplified by case histories.
Proton Block and Voltage Gating Are Potassium-dependent in the Cardiac Leak Channel Kcnk3

Potassium leak conductances were recently revealed to exist as independent molecular entities. Here, the genomic structure, cardiac localization, and biophysical properties of a murine example are considered. Kcnk3 subunits have two pore-forming P domains and unique functional attributes. At steady state, Kcnk3 channels behave like open, potassium-selective, transmembrane holes that are inhibited by physiological levels of proton. With voltage steps, Kcnk3 channels open and close in two phases, one appears to be immediate and one is time-dependent (tau = approximately 5 ms). Both proton block and gating are potassium-sensitive; this produces an anomalous increase in outward flux as external potassium levels rise because of decreased proton block. Single Kcnk3 channels open across the physiological voltage range; hence they are "leak" conductances; however, they open only briefly and rarely even after exposure to agents that activate other potassium channels.
The effect of lanthanide ions on enteropeptidasecatalyzed activation of trypsinogen

Abstract Rare earths were found to be powerful inhibitors of enteropeptidase-catalyzed (enterokinase, EC 3.4.21.9) activation of trypsinogen. Inhibition was complete at a La3+ concentration of 12.5 · 10−6 M in the assay system used and still detectable at a concentration of 1.25 · 10−6 M. Inhibition was observed with all lanthanides tested. No significant differences between individual metals could be established under the conditions of the inhibition assay. Increasing ionic strength decreased enzyme activity and progressively diminished the inhibitory effect of rare earth ions suggesting an electrostatic basis for the mechanism of this inhibition. La3+ did not significantly affect enteropeptidase-mediated hydrolysis of N benzoyl - l - arginine ethyl ester. Its inhibitory effect on activation of trypsinogen by enteropeptidase, therefore, must be attributed to interaction with the zymogen rather than the enzyme. Kinetic measurements show that inhibition by rare earths is noncompetitive in nature. Binding of lanthanides to the tetraaspartyl sequence near the aminoterminus of trypsinogen may prevent this group from interacting with a critical specificity subsite on the enzyme.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-Diol 9,10-Epoxide Adducts at the N2-Position of Deoxyguanosine

The first solid-state (or solvent-free) synthesis of protected deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxides at room temperature is reported. Whereas dG adducts derived from cis- and trans-opening of (±)-7β,8α-dihydroxy-9β,10β-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (DE-1 1) are formed as a 1:1 mixture, the direct opening of the diastereomeric (±)-7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (DE-2, 2) produced a 15:85 ratio favoring the trans-opened dG adduct 7.
Population heterogeneity among cells of the megakaryocyte lineage

Understanding the developmental steps in megakaryocyte differentiation requires information regarding the microenvironmental influences which direct or permit the growth and differentiation of these cells. The megakaryocyte microenvironment, like other lineages, is a complex structure comprised of the various megakaryocytic cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding them, and the hematopoietic stromal cells which elaborate both growth factors and ECM. As a result, definition of the minimal essential requirements for megakaryocyte development is difficult. The intricacies of megakaryocyte development are further complicated by the cellular heterogeneity of both mature megakaryocytes and their precursors, as well as a differential responsiveness of these cells to hematopoietic growth factors. This review focuses on defining the various subpopulations of megakaryocytic cells and examining their functional distinctions and in vitro responsiveness to various stimuli.
Influence of rate and spray volume of a nucleopolyhedrosis virus on control of Heliothis in cotton

Abstract All plots treated with Viron/H ® , 3 4 a commercial formulation of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Heliothis , produced significantly more seed cotton than untreated plots. Doubling the volume of spray from 10 to 20 gal/acre provided control equal to doubling the rate from 40 to 80 larval equivalents (LE)/acre. A combination of NPV and pyrethrum was as effective as doubling the rate or doubling the spray volume/acre.
Becoming a surgeon in the early 20th century: parallels to the present.

H ceived a degree f 1877, s from 1 H V s C c a hether the reason is patient safety, lifestyle issues, chang edical student demographics, rapid advances in technolo he byzantine path of specialization, or simply economics an anticipate a significant change in the way that men omen will learn the craft of surgery in the 21st century orical discussions of graduate surgical education and train lmost invariably make reference to William Stewart Hal 1852-1922) as the “father” of the American surgical resid ystem. It is easy to come away from these discussions he impression that the current method of training surgeo he predictable outcome of a direct evolutionary process egan with Halsted and the German-influenced model of ical training that was initiated at Johns Hopkins in 1889 However, the widespread adoption of prolonged training i ormal residency program as the preferred and, eventually, the ath to becoming a surgeon did not occur until after World WWII). Although some surgeons undoubtedly operated with dequate training or proper supervision, many men and a omen became competent surgeons in the first half of the entury and did so through many pathways, which were ictated by the constraints of their personal situation. Surgical training in the early 20th century offered almost imited choice, but it lacked any means of assuring compe any of today’s medical students may prefer specialties that o exible approach to training, which allows them to incorp amily and other professional pursuits. 3 This sentiment has cause oncern about maintaining an adequate surgical workforc 4
Type III Group B Streptococcal Strain Differences in Susceptibility to Opsonization with Human Serum

Type III Group B Streptococcal Strain Differences in Susceptibility to Opsonization with Human Serum
Photoemission spectroscopy of heterojunctions of hydrogenated amorphous silicon with silicon oxide and nitride.

The growth and electronic structure of a-Si:H/a-SiN/sub x/:H and a-Si:H/a-SiO/sub x/:H heterojunctions have been studied by photoemission spectroscopy. Si 2p core-level photoemission was used to profile the chemical composition microscopically across the interfaces. With the exception of the SiO/sub x/-on-Si interface, which due to initial plasma oxidation is graded over approx.3 A, the interfaces are atomically abrupt. The offset energies between the a-Si:H valence-band edge and that of a-SiN/sub x/:H and a-SiO/sub x/:H, determined by valence-band photoemission, are 1.2 and 4.0 eV, respectively. Based on the fact that the offset energy is independent of a-Si:H layer thickness down to monolayer dimensions, we concluded that hole wave functions in a-Si:H are extremely localized. From the variation of the intensity of the Si-H bonding peak, located at approx.7 eV below the Fermi level, as a function of a-Si:H overlayer thickness, we determined that there are approx.2 x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/ extra H atoms incorporated at the interface region to compensate for the large lattice mismatch at the interface. The invariance of the Si L/sub 2,3/ absorption edge with a-Si:H overlayer thickness indicates that the range of the core-hole exciton is less than 6 A.
The importance of brain temperature in cerebral ischemic injury.

Observations of cerebroprotection by hypothermia are not new, though traditional approaches have tended to employ overall reductions of wholebody temperature of rather sizable magnitude. In contrast, our laboratory first suspected several years ago that small fluctuations of brain temperature might account in part for variability in the extent of tissue injury encountered in animal models of reversible ischemia
Model reduction via projection onto nonlinear manifolds, with applications to analog circuits and biochemical systems

Previous model order reduction methods fit into the framework of identifying the low-order linear subspace and using the linear projection to project the full state space into the low-order subspace. Despite its simplicity, the macromodel might automatically include redundancies. In this paper, we present a model order reduction approach, named maniMOR, which extends the linear projection framework to a general nonlinear projection framework. The two key ideas of maniMOR are (1) it explicitly separates the construction of the low-order subspace and projection operation; (2) it constructs a nonlinear manifold which captures important system responses and defines the corresponding nonlinear projection operator. The low-order manifold subspace in maniMOR is identified by stitching together the low-order linear subspaces around a set of sample points on the manifold. After the manifold is determined, it is embedded into a global nonlinear coordinate system. The projection function is defined in a piece-wise linear manner, and the model evaluation is conducted directly in the manifold subspace using cheap matrix-vector product computations. As a result, a compact model is generated by pre- computing all the functions and Jacobians and storing them in a look-up table. We apply maniMOR on two analog circuits and a bio-chemical system to validate its correctness. Extensive comparisons with the results of the full model and other macromodels are provided. Experimental results show that maniMOR manages to obtain a huge reduction - e.g., from 52 to 5 for the I/O buffer circuit and from 304 to 30 for yeast pheromone pathway system. This is less than half of the size of the TPWL model with the same accuracy. With great promise to capture important system responses, maniMOR presents a novel and powerful paradigm for nonlinear model reduction, and casts inspirations for further researches.
Controlled trial of physical training in chronic heart failure: Exercise performance, hemodynamics, ventilation, and autonomic function

BACKGROUNDMany secondary abnormalities in chronic heart failure (CHF) may reflect physical deconditioning. There has been no prospective, controlled study of the effects of physical training on hemodynamics and autonomic function in CHF.METHODS AND RESULTSIn a controlled crossover trial of 8 weeks of exercise training, 17 men with stable moderate to severe CHF (age, 61.8 +/- 1.5 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 19.6 +/- 2.3%), increased exercise tolerance (13.9 +/- 1.0 to 16.5 +/- 1.0 minutes, p less than 0.001), and peak oxygen uptake (13.2 +/- 0.9 to 15.6 +/- 1.0 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.01) significantly compared with controls. Training increased cardiac output at submaximal (5.9-6.7 l/min, p less than 0.05) and peak exercise (6.3-7.1 l/min, p less than 0.05), with a significant reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Training reduced minute ventilation and the slope relating minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production (-10.5%, p less than 0.05). Sympathovagal balance was altered by ph...
Dynamics of inter- and intrastrand hole transport in DNA hairpins.

The dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer has been investigated in DNA hairpins possessing a stilbenedicarboxamide (Sa) electron acceptor, a guanine (G) primary donor, and two adjacent guanines (GG) as secondary donors. Hole transport from G to GG across a single A is more rapid than across AA or T by factors of 20 ± 7 and 40 ± 15, respectively. Intrastrand hole transport across a single A is more rapid than interstrand transport by a factor of 7 ± 3.
A modified residue calculus technique

Abstract A modified residue-calculus technique is presented for the solution of a class of infinite sets of equations which typically arise in the boundary value problems involving modifications of basic Wiener-Hopf geometries. The central step in this method is the construction of a meromorphic function ƒ(w) satisfying both certain criteria determined by the form of the infinite set of equations and an auxiliary requirement imposed by the edge condition. The solution is constructed by integrating certain functions related to ƒ(w) in the complex w-plane. The special features of the method are: 1. (i) No matrix inversion is necessary. 2. (ii) The iterative procedure used to find the zeros of ƒ(w) has a built-in convergence check based on a priori knowledge of the asymptotic behavior of the fields. 3. (iii) Satisfaction of the edge condition is guaranteed. This method makes possible very accurate solutions to problems for which only solutions based on variational, quasi-static, or numerical means are available at the present time. A typical example of a wave-guide discontinuity is included to illustrate the use of the method.
Assembly and Installation of the 2-MeV FMIT Accelerator

The front end of the 35-MeV Fusion Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) Facility accelerator is being assembled and installed at Los Alamos. The machine ultimately will produce a 500-kW continuous duty beam at 5 Mev, although only the first 2-MeV will be installed this year. The 2-MeV system will include the most powerful radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) in existence. The assembly and installation of the hardware are described, along with the unique problems arising from the large size and high power of the components involved.
Narrative Persuasion, Transportation, and the Role of Need for Cognition in Online Viewing of Fantastical Films

Two studies examine narrative persuasion in the context of fantastical narratives viewed on a computer. In Study 1, participants (N = 160) used a personal computer to watch one of two short films that dealt with a contemporary social issue (privacy or the environment) set in an imaginary future. Neither film resulted in those who viewed it holding stronger story-consistent beliefs. However, viewers of the film about privacy who experienced higher levels of transportation were more likely to possess story-consistent privacy beliefs than those less transported or than viewers of the environmental film. Additionally, higher need for cognition was associated with stronger beliefs and intentions across both films, and viewers of the privacy film who were higher in need for cognition were most likely to endorse story-consistent privacy beliefs, perhaps due to extra cognitive effort demanded by the online delivery mode of the narrative. To explore this, in Study 2 (N = 126), participants were shown the privacy-t...
Cavity swelling and dislocation evolution in SiC at very high temperatures

Abstract The temperature and fluence dependence of cavity swelling and dislocation development in CVD SiC irradiated with fast neutrons at high temperatures (1050–1460 °C, up to 9.6 dpa) were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. The cavity swelling was very limited below 1300 °C (
THE UPPER NUMERICAL RANGE OF A QUATERNIONIC MATRIX IS NOT A COMPLEX NUMERICAL RANGE

Abstract A recent result is that the quaternionic numerical range of a matrix with quaternion entries has a convex intersection with the upper half complex plane. This intersection is now shown to be generally not achievable as the upper half plane part of the complex numerical range of any complex matrix. A key step in the proof is that if a complex matrix has an elliptical arc as part of the boundary of its complex numerical range, then the full ellipse defined by the arc is also in its complex numerical range.
Of men, macho, and marital violence

Recent evidence suggests that there may be a relationship between marital satisfaction and the sex role identities of the couple. Specifically, couples in which the husband is either feminine or androgynous appear to be happier. Conversely, couples in which the husband is classified as undifferentiated are apparently more dissatisfied. There is some evidence, as well as theoretical speculation, that abusive husbands may be low in femininity, less likely to be classified as androgynous, and more likely to be classified as undifferentiated. This investigation compared the sex role identification of abusive husbands to that of comparison samples of both discordant, and satisfied, nonviolent husbands. The results indicated that batterers were lower in masculinity, less likely to be classified as androgynous, and more likely to be classified as undifferentiated than husbands in either of the comparison groups. Lack of differentiation between the two nonviolent groups suggests the possibility that findings of previous investigations supportive of a relationship between sex role identity and discord, in general, might be artifactual. The theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed.
Selection and Hybridization in the Mariculture of Oysters and Clams

A program for genetical improvement of oysters and clams, with emphasis on better growth under different environmental conditions, will be started at Florida State University, funded by the Sea Grant Program. Growth rates are partly controlled by genetical factors, and selection for these, along with other desirable traits, will be attempted, through intra- and interspecific crossing. Hybridization is known to occur between three exotic species of our native oysters and there are indications that desirable traits from the exotic species, along with selection for better growth, could be established in our native species. The commercial advantages have been demonstrated in quahog clam (Mercenaria sp.) hybrids, with the faster growth of the southern parent and the good keeping qualities of the northern. Additional selection and hybridization attempts will be made to better the product.
The folding kinetics of the SDS-induced molten globule form of reduced cytochrome c.

The folding of reduced cytochrome c (redcyt c) is increasingly being recognized as undergoing a mechanism that deviates from a two-state process. In previous far-UV TRORD studies of redcyt c folding, a rapidly forming intermediate was attributed to the appearance of a molten-globule-like (MG) state [Chen, E., Goldbeck, R. A., and Kliger, D. S. (2003) J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 8149–8155]. A slow folding phase (>1 ms) was identified with the formation of native (N) secondary structure from that MG form. Here, using 0.65 mM SDS to induce the MG state in oxidized cytochrome c, folding of redcyt c was triggered with fast photoreduction and probed from early microseconds to milliseconds using far-UV TRORD spectroscopy. The kinetics of the reaction are described with a time constant of 50 ± 16 ms, which corresponds to 1 ± 0.6 ms upon extrapolation of the data to zero SDS concentration. The latter folding time is about 5 times faster than the calculated GuHCl-free time constant of 5.5 ± 1.4 ms for slow-phase folding ...
Quantum reflection and transmission of ballistic two‐dimensional electrons by a potential barrier

Measurements of the reflection and transmission coefficients of ballistic two‐dimensional electrons by a potential barrier, induced via a surface gate, reveal that both coefficients vary gradually with the barrier height when it is less then the electron Fermi energy. Superimposed on the gradual variation, oscillatory structure which are consistent with interference resonances are also observed. The data imply that the potential barrier seen by the two‐dimensional electrons is sharp compared to the electron wavelength.
VICTOR TURNERS THEORY OF RITUAL

. Like Clifford Geertz and Mary Douglas, Victor Turner considers religion the key to culture and ritual the key to religion. Like them as well, he interprets religion the way believers purportedly do: as beliefs, as beliefs about the cosmos, yet as cosmic beliefs compatible with modern science. Ritual serves to express those cosmic beliefs–not for the scientific purpose of explaining or controlling the cosmos but for the existential purpose of giving human beings a place in it. Ritual serves simultaneously to express beliefs about society–not only for the functionalist purpose of keeping human beings in their social place but also for the existential purpose of giving them a social place.
Optically detected electron paramagnetic resonance of AlN single crystals

AlN single crystals have been investigated using photoluminescence (PL) and optical detection of electron paramagnetic resonance in the PL (ODEPR). All crystals were found to exhibit intense PL extending from the visible into the near infrared. Several $S=1$ centers, each with its own distinct emission spectrum, and distant $S=1/2$ pair recombination centers have been observed via ODEPR. In all except one center, $D5,$ no hyperfine structure was observed preventing chemical identification of the impurity involved. In the case of $D5$ the partially resolved hyperfine structure suggests interaction with a 100% abundant nucleus of $I\ensuremath{\sim}5/2.$ We present arguments to associate it with a displaced host aluminum atom.
Antecedents of toddler gender segregation : Cognitive consonance, gender-typed toy preferences and behavioral compatibility

This study examined 3 possible antecedents of toddler gender segregation: segregating children were hypothesized to exhibit more gender awareness, gender-typed toy preferences, and gender-typed compatible play styles than their non-segregating peers. Fifty-seven, primarily White, toddlers (28 males, 29 females) with a mean age of 35 months were observed in free play to determine their degree of same-gender peer preferences and gender-typed toy preferences. Teacher ratings of the children's play styles, and the children's knowledge of gender identity, and gender role awareness were also examined. Forty-two (21% of males and 62% of females) children played with same-gender peers at above chance levels during free play, with more girls segregating than boys. There were no differences between gender segregating and non-segregating children regarding gender-typed toy preferences or gender awareness. There were differences in teachers' ratings such that the gender segregating girls were seen as the most socially sensitive, and gender segregating boys were seen as more active and disruptive then the other children. These findings are interpreted as providing support for the compatible play style explanation of gender segregation, but the gender awareness and gender-typed toy preference hypotheses were not supported.
Waveform generation by enzymatic oscillators

The control of cell chemistry is being investigated through a multipronged approach combining the techniques of physics, chemistry, and biology with the development of electronic instrumentation and the application of analog and digital computers. An example of such metabolic control phenomena is provided by biological oscillators involving enzymatic reactions. These oscillators, which may exist in nearly every kind of cell and even in several forms in a single cell, reveal basic instabilities in biochemical reactions and metabolic control that may be of significance to health and disease. In addition, the high-frequency oscillations observed in simple enzyme systems may be models for the longer-period rhythms that regulate the activities of nearly all biological systems.
Differences in cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide structure influence assembly of alternative complement pathway C3 convertase on fungal surfaces

Binding of complement component C3 and Factor B to Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes A through D via the alternative complement pathway was measured in a system containing fresh nonimmune human serum. Serotypes B and C (C. neoformans var. gattii) bound approximately half as many molecules of both complement components as serotypes A and D (C. neoformans var. neoformans). In contrast, removal of xylosyl and glucuronyl side chains from the mannan main chain of capsular polysaccharide by the Smith degradation procedure resulted in binding of similar quantities of C3 to each of the four serotypes. We conclude that the relatively high degree of side chain substitution of capsular polysaccharide from C. neoformans variety gattii contributes to inefficient surface assembly of the alternative pathway C3 convertase. Inefficient binding of alternative pathway complement components to serotypes B and C may contribute to the relative difficulty in successfully treating infections caused by these organisms.
Is differential item difficulty specific to hypnosis

Abstract Previous hypnosis studies obtaining retrospective depth reports (e.g., Perry & Laurence, 1980) or retrospective realness reports (e.g., Page & Handley, 1992) have found a “parallel nonoverlapping” pattern between mean depth or realness and susceptibility scale items for high- through low-susceptible subjects. To determine if such a pattern, as well as differential item difficulty in general, is specific to hypnosis, 98 undergraduates were administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) of Shor and Orne (1962) as a “test of visual and motor imagination,” omitting the eye-closure induction (item #2). A pattern similar to other studies that employed hypnosis was produced. While supporting attribution theory (Bowers, 1973), results also indicate that differences in item difficulty are not specific to hypnosis, but instead are related more broadly to imagination.
CARTESIAN MATERIALISM AND CONSERVATION: BERKELEAN IMMATERIALISM?

Sur les relations entre le creationnisme et l'immaterialisme de Berkeley, ainsi que ses rapports au cartesianisme. Apres une critique de la definition que Berkeley donne des objets materiels, l'A. discute un argument de P. A. Byrne (" Berkeley, Scientific Realism and Creation ", Religious Studies, 20, 1984, p. 453-464), puis un autre argument de R. Oakes (" Material Things : A Cartesian Conundrum ", Pacific. Philos. Quart., 64, 1983, p. 144-150)
Turning the spotlight on protein-lipid interactions in cells.

Protein function is largely dependent on coordinated and dynamic interactions of the protein with biomolecules including other proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Although powerful methods for global profiling of protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interactions are available, proteome-wide mapping of protein–lipid interactions is still challenging and rarely performed. The emergence of bifunctional lipid probes with photoactivatable and clickable groups offers new chemical tools for globally profiling protein–lipid interactions under cellular contexts. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of bifunctional lipid probes for studying protein–lipid interactions. We also highlight how in vivo photocrosslinking reactions contribute to the characterization of lipid-binding proteins and lipidation-mediated protein–protein interactions.
Antagonism of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor-mediated modulation of adenylate cyclase activity by pindolol and propranolol isomers.

Abstract The interactions of the steroisomers of pindolol and propranolol with 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT 1A ) binding sites and adenylate cyclase activity were examined in rat hippocampus. (−)Pindolol and (−)propranolol displayed high affinity for 5-HT 1A binding sites, and their affinities were not affected significantly by the addition of 10 −4 M GTP to the radioligand assay. The selective 5-HT 1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n -propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) decreased forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. The (−)isomers of pindolol and propranolol did not affect basal or forskolin-stimulated activity but, at a concentration of 10 −5 M, they reversed the 8-OH-DPAT inhibition of the forskolin-stimulated cyclase activity. The (+)isomers were less potent in producing this effect. These data suggest that (−)pindolol and (−)propranolol are potent antagonists at 5-HT 1A receptors in rat hippocampus.
Happiness in dual-career couples: Changing research, changing values

This article offers a framework for understanding contradictory findings in the field of the dual-career couple by presenting two patterns: (1) the early, conventional one of the 1960s, which viewed married women's participation in the labor force as threatening marriage and the family, and (2) the contemporary view, which emerged during the 1970s and which admits that women can happily combine career with family. The article suggests that there is little evidence to support the view that dual-career couples experience increased rate of marital conflict, marital dissatisfaction, and role blur; rather, the intellectual and psychological benefits in dual-career couples seem to outweigh the disadvantages, particularly for wives.
Aerosol dynamics modeling using the method of moments

Abstract A numerical approach to the solution of an aerosol dynamics system is presented. It is accurate, extremely economical, applicable to any combination of aerosol processes, and it does not require prior knowledge of the particle-size distribution function. The approach is based on the solution of differential equations for the moments of the particle-size distribution function. Two numerical techniques are discussed. The first consists in approximating the collision-frequency coefficient with a single “effective” value and the second uses interpolation techniques to evaluate time derivatives of the moments of the distribution function. The methods are tested with a variety of examples in the free-molecular regime against the results computed with a discrete model. As a severe test, an example of simultaneous particle nucleation, coagulation, and surface reaction is considered.
Kinetics of borosilicate glass deposition

The kinetics of borosilicate glass film deposition on silicon using boron nitride as a solid source was investigated. Experimental data on the thickness of deposited films as a function of temperature and process times under controlled atmospheric conditions was obtained. A 33-kW rapid thermal processing infrared furnace was used to minimize temperature and gas phase transients experienced on the commercial scale. The thickness and composition of the borosilicate glass films were measured using scanning Auger spectroscopy, and the thickness of the films as a function of time for various temperatures are presented. The results suggest a rapid transition to diffusion-controlled deposition with an activation energy of 2.77 ± 0.5 eV. The partial pressure of water vapor was found to have a potentially significant effect on the rate of film growth.
Metabolism and Toxicity of Thioacetamide and Thioacetamide S-Oxide in Rat Hepatocytes

The hepatotoxicity of thioacetamide (TA) has been known since 1948. In rats, single doses cause centrolobular necrosis accompanied by increases in plasma transaminases and bilirubin. To elicit thes...