cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of fibrinolytic therapy for patients with metastatic cancer and acute pulmonary embolism.

Abstract Introduction Malignancy is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and around the world and the second leading cause of death in the United States. There is little data on the impact of metastatic cancer on the risk of hemorrhagic stroke or mortality among patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy (FT) for acute PE. Methods Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, we extracted admissions with a primary diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism that underwent FT from 2010 to 2014. We performed a case control matched analysis between patients with and without metastatic cancer. Our primary outcome of interest was Mortality and our secondary outcome of interest was hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Results Of the 883,183 patients with a primary diagnosis of acute PE between 2010 and 12014, 23,690 patients (2.7%) underwent FT. After exclusion, 22,592 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 941 patients (4.2%) were reported to have metastatic cancer. There was a higher incidence of cerebrovascular accidents and intubation/mechanical ventilation in the metastatic cancer arm. Mortality was significantly higher in the metastatic cancer arm with no difference in the incidence of HS. In multivariate regression analysis , among all patients that underwent FT for acute PE, metastatic cancer was associated with a significant odds for mortality (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.11–5.82, p Conclusion The presence of metastatic cancer in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy for acute pulmonary embolism is associated with increase mortality.
Draft Genome Sequences of Bacillus sp. Strains RM1(2019), RM2(2019), RM9(2019), RM11(2019), and RM15(2019), Isolated from Temperate Soils in the Hudson River Valley of New York

ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequences of five novel Bacillus strains isolated from temperate soils in Annandale-on-Hudson, NY. Strains RM1(2019), RM9(2019), and RM15(2019) were identified as Bacillus toyonensis, while RM11(2019) was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis. The draft genome of strain RM2(2019) was unclassified and likely represents a new species.
Church at the Wall: A Political and Liturgical Analysis of Border Masses

This article examines the phenomenon of border Masses, those instances where clergy have led the faithful outside the church building and outside the regular schedule of sacraments to the United St...
Female Husbands: A Trans History

Long before people identified as transgender or lesbian, there were female husbands and the women who loved them. Female husbands - people assigned female who transed gender, lived as men, and married women - were true queer pioneers. Moving deftly from the colonial era to just before the First World War, Jen Manion uncovers the riveting and very personal stories of ordinary people who lived as men despite tremendous risk, danger, violence, and threat of punishment. Female Husbands weaves the story of their lives in relation to broader social, economic, and political developments in the United States and the United Kingdom while also exploring how attitudes towards female husbands shifted in relation to transformations in gender politics and women's rights, ultimately leading to the demise of the category of 'female husband' in the early twentieth century. Groundbreaking and influential, Female Husbands offers a dynamic, varied, and complex history of the LGBTQ past.
Revisión general de la producción elevada de agua en la industria del petróleo

espanolEn el presente articulo se realiza una revision detallada sobre las caracteristicas y generalidades de la produccion elevada de agua en las operaciones de la industria petrolera, relacionando volumenes de produccion con los problemas tecnicos que pueden estar generando dichos excesos de fluido, metodos de identificacion y diagnostico de un alto corte de agua, metodologias utilizadas por la industria tanto mecanicas y quimicas para mitigar los volumenes excesivos del recurso hidrico; para finalmente abordar el tema de la disposicion final y uso de las aguas de produccion de la industria del petroleo, teniendo en cuenta cifras y porcentajes. EnglishThis article makes a detailed review of the characteristics and generalities of the high water production in the operations of the oil industry, relating production volumes to the technical problems that may be Generating such fluid excesses, methods of identification and diagnosis of a high water cut, methodologies used by the mechanical and chemical industry to mitigate the excessive volumes of the water resource; To finally address the issue of the final disposition and use of the oil industry’s production waters, taking into account figures and percentages.
Optimal Antitrust Enforcement, Dynamic Competition, and Changing Economic Conditions

The recent financial crisis and recession provide an opportunity to reexamine the dynamic versus static efficiency tradeoff in antitrust enforcement policy. We examine implications of the optimal antitrust enforcement model when dynamic efficiency is incorporated. The “dynamic enforcement model” examined here provides a positive theory of Section 2 doctrine, some suggestions for modifying enforcement in light of its dynamic costs, and implies antitrust enforcers should put a greater weight on dynamic efficiency during recessions. Boston University, School of Law, knhylton@bu.edu. For helpful comments I thank Paul Edelman, Luke Froeb, and workshop participants at Vanderbilt Law School. Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, hzlin@indiana.edu.
Real Time Electricity Price Mechanism Considering Carbon Cost

With the deepening of power market reform and energy conservation and emission reduction task, the carbon cost can be incorporated into the real-time trading decisionmaking of power market, which can further promote the lowcarbon development in China. In this paper, we firstly proposed low carbon electricity price mechanism (LCEP), which composed of spot market pricing, grid fees and RE surcharge. Then analysis model of generation side and demand side is constructed. Through detailed simulation calculation, the benefit effect of the proposed pricing mechanism is verified. The experimental results show that LCEP will be useful exploration for electricity market reform.
Development and implementation of a teleneonatology program: Opportunities and challenges.

Abstract Teleneonatology, encompassing all telemedicine applications in neonatal medicine, is evolving with innovative applications for use in all aspects of neonatal care. In this chapter, we discuss the key components of and a framework for the development, implementation and evaluation of a program based on existing literature and our own program. We also review some important barriers to implementation and potential solutions. We hope that this review will serve as a guide for those seeking to develop and implement other new teleneonatology programs.
INFORMATION MATRIX FOR A MIXTURE OF TWO PARETO DISTRIBUTIONS

The Fisher information matrix for a mixture of two Laplace distributions is derived. Numerical tabulations of the matrix and a computer program are provided for practical purposes. The work is motivated by two real–life examples discussed in Hsu (Appl Stat 28:62–72, 1979) and Bhowmick et al. (Biostatistics 7:630–641, 2006).
The Impact of Economic Regulation Instruments on Agricultural Production in Russia

At the end of the twentieth century, Russia moved from a command economy, controlled by a centralized government, to a free market economy. The sudden decrease in governmental regulation led to downturns in every economic sector. The downturn within the agricultural sector appeared to be one of the most significant ones. In order to eliminate negative trends, normative legal acts were established, consequently forming a system of economic regulation in the sector. The main economic regulation instruments affecting agricultural production in Russia are (1) prices, (2) budget subsidies, (3) investments, and (4) taxes. This research focuses on identifying the role of various regulatory instruments in agricultural production. Firstly, the authors analyzed the dynamics of prices, the dynamics of budget subsidies, and the dynamics of investments in the agricultural sector. Secondly, they assessed existing regulation instruments affecting agricultural production. Thirdly, the decisive role of prices within the overall economic regulation system in agricultural production was determined through econometric modeling. Lastly, the authors proposed measures to stabilize prices within the market of agricultural raw materials and food products in Russia.
The Impact of Specific Knowledge on Death Penalty Opposition: An Empirical Test of the Marshall Hypothesis

As we approach the 50-year anniversary of the landmark Furman decision, the time is ripe for a renewed empirical test of the hypotheses Justice Marshall presented in his concurring opinion. Most re...
Exercise capacity and body mass index are more important than diabetes in the prediction of high risk markers on myocardial perfusion imaging

544 Objectives Diabetes has been identified as a high risk marker for coronary artery disease and hard cardiac events (unstable angina, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or cardiac death). Exercise capacity has been associated with a decreased rate of hard cardiac events. This study evaluates whether diabetics, after controlling for exercise capacity, are any more likely than non-diabetics to have high risk markers on myocardial perfusion imaging. Methods Consecutive patients referred for outpatient stress myocardial perfusion imaging for known or suspected coronary artery disease were evaluated. Bruce protocol treadmill stress with gated myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging was performed. Semiquantitative analysis was performed using a 17 segment, 5-point scale to obtain summed stress and difference scores (SSS, SDS). Results A total of 1987 patients were evaluated. Diabetes and exercise capacity were both correlated with SSS, SDS, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and chronotropic response (diabetes associated with a higher risk and exercise capacity with a lower risk). After controlling for exercise capacity, the only remaining significant correlation with diabetes was a lower LVEF. On the other hand, after controlling for diabetes, exercise capacity continued to be significantly and negatively correlated with all high risk markers. Significant predictors of SDS using linear regression were age, sex, and exercise time but not diabetes. Conclusions In the outpatient setting, exercise capacity is more strongly correlated with myocardial perfusion imaging results than is diabetes. Findings raise the possibility that a preserved exercise capacity may be able to overcome some of the adverse clinical consequences commonly associated with diabetes.
The status of antibiotics in plant disease control.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of antibiotics in controlling plant diseases. Antibiotics are a group of organic chemicals distinguished by their selective toxicity to microorganisms and method of manufacture. Although antibiotics were produced primarily for the medical profession and their use was limited by cost, some experiments were conducted soon after they were first produced commercially to determine their effectiveness in the control of plant diseases. Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that have the capacity to inhibit or destroy other microorganisms. The antimicrobial spectrum of an antibiotic of value for plant disease control must include plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or viruses. The results obtained from the study discussed in the chapter vary with the nature of the antibiotics and plants tested and are influenced by a number of factors including antibiotic concentration, method of application, temperature, and humidity.
LADEE preparations for contingency operations for the Lunar Orbit Insertion Maneuver

The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft was launched on September 7, 2013 UTC, and completed its mission on April 17, 2014 UTC with a directed impact to the Lunar Surface. Its primary goals were to examine the lunar atmosphere, measure lunar dust, and to demonstrate high rate laser communications. The LADEE mission was a resounding success, achieving all mission objectives, much of which can be attributed to careful planning and preparation. This paper discusses the specific preparations for fault conditions that could occur during a highly-critical phase of the mission, the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI).
The shape of Enceladus as explained by an irregular core: Implications for gravity, libration, and survival of its subsurface ocean

[1] Enceladus' global shape is not consistent with a simultaneously hydrostatic and fully differentiated body, but its geophysical hyperactivity strongly implies that it is differentiated. Enceladus' surface conforms to a triaxial shape, consistent with relaxation to a global geoid, but its rocky core need not be hydrostatic. A modestly irregular core, either in terms of topography or density, and dynamically aligned, would act to enhance the global geoid. Explaining the full global shape of Enceladus requires ~10 km of excess core polar flattening and ~4 km of excess core equatorial distortion, for a uniform density core. The stresses associated with this excess topography can be sustained indefinitely, but because the rocky core is not hydrostatic, Enceladus' degree-2 gravity coefficients J2 and C22 will not conform to the hydrostatic ratio of 10/3 (testable by Cassini gravity). Notably, core polar axes could be depressed by up to 4–6 km with respect to internal isobars. Such a topographic variation could help preserve polar ocean remnants. For example, if Enceladus' ocean undergoes secular freezing, it will first ground near the tidal axes. Polar seas would be the last to freeze, and survival of a south polar sea may be one reason why Enceladus' activity today is concentrated at high southern latitudes. Isostatic variations in the thickness or density of a floating ice shell may also contribute to Enceladus' nonhydrostatic shape, but a strength-supported, nonisostatic icy lithosphere is argued here to be unlikely, given Enceladus' record of regional high heat flows, faulting, and viscous relaxation.
Revisiting the Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable Constructs of Adolescent Egocentrism: A Conceptual Review

Adolescents are thought to believe that others are always watching and evaluating them, and that they are special and unique, labeled the imaginary audience and the personal fable, respectively. These two constructs have been fixtures in textbooks on adolescent development, and have been offered as explanations for self-consciousness and risk-taking. However, their characterization of adolescent social cognition as biased has not been supported empirically, the measures used to assess them lack construct validity, and alternative explanations for both ideation patterns have not been explored. Despite these issues, the imaginary audience and personal fable constructs continue to be considered prototypical representations of social cognitive processes during adolescence. This paper (1) reviews theoretical models of the imaginary audience and the personal fable, and the empirical data pertaining to each model, (2) highlights problems surrounding the two most commonly used measures, and (3) outlines directions for future research, so that a better understanding of the imaginary audience and personal fable, and their roles in adolescent development, may be achieved.
Médicos y farmacéuticos como artistas de las bellas artes, pinturas y escultura

Entre las muchas profesiones, las profesiones de salud -a saber, los profesionales medicos y farmaceuticos, academicos e investigadores- parecen tener una posicion unica: por un lado, estan cerca a las ciencias naturales; por otro lado, sirven el cuerpo y la mente de su projimo. Idealmente, este servicio es dado principalmente no con el proposito de satisfaccion propia, sino mas bien con el interes de ayudar a la humanidad.
Did food increase fertility? Evaluation of !Kung and Herero history.

Low fertility among nomadic !Kung foragers of the northern Kalahari Desert of Botswana has been hypothesized to be an adaptation to scarcity of food. However, a comparison of !Kung fertility before and after a transition to a more sedentary lifestyle indicates that more food did not increase fertility. An examination of the fertility of neighboring sedentary Bantu-speaking Herero pastoralists during the same period also indicates that low female reproductive rates in this region are not unique to the !Kung. Herero fertility has increased dramatically in recent decades, probably in response to the control of sexually transmitted diseases in northwestern Botswana. More food appears to have substantially increased !Kung reproductive success by reducing infant and child mortality rates to levels observed among the Herero. These findings suggest that low !Kung fertility and mortality reflect contact with the Herero, who began expanding in large numbers into !Kung territory in the 1950s. This study emphasizes the need for a more rigorous comparative perspective in anthropology to understand better the significance of findings from restricted populations, and I suggest that evolutionary ecology would benefit from shifting some of its current focus on fertility to mortality.
Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels in Children With Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Predictor of Liver Injury

The medical records of 43 hemodynamically stable children with elevated serum transaminase levels (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) who underwent abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan for blunt abdominal trauma were reviewed. Nineteen patients (44.2%) had AST levels greater than 450 IU/L and ALT levels greater than 250 IU/L, and 17 of these 19 patients had hepatic injury identified on abdominal CT scan. Of the 43 patients, 25 (58.1%) had AST and ALT levels of less than 450 IU/L and 250 IU/L, respectively, and none of these patients had evidence of hepatic injury on CT scan. Elevated serum transaminase levels (AST greater than 450 IU/L and ALT greater than 250 IU/L) identified all of the patients with hepatic injury visible on abdominal CT scan. The sensitivity and specificity of elevated serum transaminase levels were 100% and 92.3%, respectively, for predicting hepatic injury. It is recommended that hemodynamically stable pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma and AST levels greater than 450 IU/L and/or ALT levels greater than 250 IU/L undergo abdominal CT scan to determine the presence and extent of hepatic injury. Children with serum transaminase levels below these values are at decreased risk of liver injury.
Exonic Splicing Enhancers

Exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) are short motifs in exons that promote both constitutive and alternative splicing. Several splicing factors, known as SR proteins, bind specifically to ESEs during the initial steps of splicing to initiate assembly of the spliceosomal complex. Keywords: alternative splicing; exon; intron; sequence motif; enhancer
Effects of aging, TNF-α, and exercise training on angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction of rat skeletal muscle arterioles.

Skeletal muscle vascular resistance during physical exertion is higher with old age. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 1) aging enhances angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced vasoconstri...
Assessing who 2010 semen analysis parameters for predicting pregnancy in an infertile population

OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2010 laboratory manual for the evaluation of human semen provides threshold values for evaluating semen based on studies of fertile men, but it does not provide probabilities of conception in couples with infertility. The goal of this study was to determine which semen analysis thresholds best predict conception in infertile couples with timed intercourse (TI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 204 couples undergoing TI or IUI for infertility at our outpatient clinic from January 2009 through December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Semen analyses were available for 119 couples including 435 total treatment cycles and were performed in accordancewith theWHO 2010 laboratorymanual (1). Logistic regression was performed including the semen parameters of count, motility and morphology. Female age, infertility diagnosis, and method of ovulation induction were also included in the analysis to control for known confounders. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 435 treatment cycles, 15.2% resulted in pregnancy. In the logistic regression models, only morphology was significant as a predictor of pregnancy. Further analysis using morphology threshold values of % 2%, 3-4%, andR 5% normal forms showed that pregnancy rates were similar for values above 2% (18.9%) but significantly lower with 2% or fewer normal forms (10.0%) (P1⁄40.037).
Mixing characteristics and emissions of strongly-forced non-premixed and partially-premixed jet flames in crossflow

Abstract The effects of forcing and partial premixing on the mixing characteristics and pollutant emissions of jet flames in crossflow (JFICF) are studied experimentally for 70% methane/30% hydrogen fuel blend and propane. For forced non-premixed JFICF, the jet fuel flow is modulated using an acoustic speaker system, which results in a drastic decrease in flame length and soot luminosity. Simultaneous planar laser Mie scattering and CH* chemiluminescence imaging is used to detail the flame structure and dynamics of the reacting forced non-premixed JFICF, whereas acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence is used to quantify the near-field mixing of the non-reacting case. Forced JFICF are characterized by periodic ejections of high-momentum, deeply penetrating vortical structures, which draw air into the jet nozzle and enhance mixing in the near-field region of the jet. The mixing enhancement effectively partially premixes the jet fluid below the flame base. Flame luminosity images and exhaust gas emissions measurements show that forced non-premixed JFICF exhibit similar characteristics to unforced partially-premixed JFICF. Both strong forcing and partial premixing result in net reductions in NOx, but increases in CO and unburned hydrocarbons. NOx scaling analysis is presented for both forced non-premixed and unforced partially premixed flames. Using flame volume arguments, EI NO x scales with amplitude ratio, but does not scale with partial premixing. The difference in scaling behavior is attributed to differences in flame structure.
Decay theorems for the Broadwell equations

In this note we establish boundedness and decay theorems for finitely supported solutions to the Broadwell equations with four velocity components. There is a vast literature on these and similar equations (for details see the survey of Platkowski & Illner and the references contained therein). The particular variant of them we examine seems new; though nonlinear, they are homogeneous of degree one
The role of response in spatial attention: direct versus indirect stimulus-response mappings.

Abstract Recent research has suggested that inhibition of return (IOR) develops more quickly when subjects must respond with an eye movement than when they make a manual response to the target (Perception and Psychophysics 62 (2000) 1512–1524). Four spatial cueing experiments were conducted where subjects had to indicate the location of visual targets. Within each of the oculomotor and manual modalities, responses could be either directed towards the target (saccade or pointing) or had a more complex stimulus–response (S–R) mapping. For both saccadic and manual responses, IOR onset was delayed as the required S–R mapping became more indirect. This finding further emphasizes the role of response-related processes in spatial attention. Possible explanations for this pattern of results are considered, including the notion that activity in prefrontal cortex, needed for execution of such abstract S–R mappings, may influence the time course of reflexive spatial cueing effects.
Analysis in vivo of GRP78-BiP/substrate interactions and their role in induction of the GRP78-BiP gene.

Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized chaperone protein, GRP78-BiP, is involved in the folding and oligomerization of secreted and membrane proteins, including the simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein. To understand this interaction better, we have constructed a series of HN mutants in which specific portions of the extracytoplasmic domain have been deleted. Analysis of these mutant polypeptides expressed in CV-1 cells have indicated that GRP78-BiP binds to selective sequences in HN and that there exists more than a single site of interaction. Mutant polypeptides have been characterized that are competent and incompetent for association with GRP78-BiP. These mutants have been used to show that the induction of GRP78-BiP synthesis due to the presence of nonnative protein molecules in the ER is dependent on GRP78-BiP complex formation with its substrates. These studies have implications for the function of the GRP78-BiP protein and the mechanism by which the gene is regulated.
Regulation of hematopoietic niches by sympathetic innervation

Once hematopoiesis is established in the bone marrow, a continuous egress of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the periphery occurs at a low frequency. It has been proposed that this phenomenon is part of a regenerative homeostatic mechanism that ensures the maintenance of hematopoiesis through the life of the individual. The administration of certain cytotoxic drugs or cytokines can enhance the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors to the periphery. During the past 15 years, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used as a standard cytokine for mobilization protocols in experimental models and in humans. Despite extensive efforts by multiple groups, a definitive mechanism explaining its role in mobilization has not been provided. In a recent paper, Katayama et al., through a series of clever associations supported by well-defined experimental systems, proposed that signals through the sympathetic nervous system modify the activity of the hematopoietic niche, acting as regulators of the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors. This surprising finding adds a new level of complexity to the cellular milieu responsible for generation and maintenance of the hematopoietic niche.
Nonlinear equations of dynamics for spinning paraboloidal antennas

The nonlinear strain-displacement and velocity-displacement relations of spinning imperfect rotational paraboloidal thin shell antennas are derived for nonaxisymmetrical deformations. Using these relations with the admissible trial functions in the principle functional of dynamics, the nonlinear equations of stress inducing motion are expressed in the form of a set of quasi-linear ordinary differential equations of the undetermined functions by means of the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure. These equations include all nonlinear terms up to and including the third degree. Explicit expressions are given for the coefficient matrices appearing in these equations. Both translational and rotational off-sets of the axis of revolution (and also the apex point of the paraboloid) with respect to the spin axis are considered. Although the material of the antenna is assumed linearly elastic, it can be anisotropic.
Virus-like particles in testes of Heliothis virescens, H. subflexa, and backcross males derived from the hybridization of H. virescens males × H. subflexa females

Abstract Testes of adult Heliothis virescens, H. subflexa, and backcross males derived from crosses between H. virescens males and H. subflexa females were examined for the presence of virus-like particles (VLPs). These spherical 45- to 50-nm VLPs were first detected in spermatocyst cells of H. virescens embedded in plastic resin 4 years previously. Abnormal spermatocysts with degenerating sperm were present in testes of all three groups and were accompanied by massive accumulations of VLPs within the spermatocyst cell cytoplasm. The degree of spermatocyst infection was age dependent in the parent species, with young males having a low incidence (4–8%) and older males (2–3 weeks) exhibiting up to 90% abnormal spermatocysts. Backcross males showed 100% infection at 2 days posteclosion. Spermatocyst cell nuclei also showed signs of infection. Individual or grouped VLPs were clustered around the nuclear pores and tail-like extensions of the particle often extended into the outer pore. Intranuclear VLPs, “coated” VLPs (70 nm), and small particles (30 nm) arranged in a honeycomb pattern were also abundant in infected nuclei. The cytoplasm of infected cells contained large membrane bodies in addition to the VLPs. The presence of virus-like particles in spermatocyst cells suggests a basis for the inherited sterility observed in backcross males.
Long-term cultivation impacts on selected soil properties in the northern Great Plains

Abstract Long-term cultivation impacts soil properties. During the early 1920s a study comparing non-cultivated and cultivated soils was done in eastern SD (Beadle, McCook, Minnehaha, and Union Counties), USA. The objectives of the current study were to: (1) determine the long-term (>80 years) impact of cultivation on selected soil properties; and (2) establish baseline soil data that can be used for future comparisons. Sample sites were located in well-drained summit and upper backslope positions. These topographic positions are strongly influenced by erosion processes from tillage, wind, and water. Previous studies at other locations in the region suggest that one might expect a loss of 10–20 cm of soil in >80 years of cultivation at these topographic positions. In the early 1920s the soils were tested for carbon (C) (total, organic, inorganic), total nitrogen (N), total sulfur (S), total calcium (Ca), total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), and total magnesium (Mg). The 1920s study sites were resampled at 0–15, 15–50, and 50–100 cm depths and analyzed for C (total, organic, inorganic), N (total, nitrate-N), extractable P, extractable K, delta N (15N/14N or δ15N) for total N, delta C (13C/12C or δ13C) for total C, and pH. Long-term cultivation (>80 years) in the northern Great Plains of the United States has caused many significant reductions in surface soil (0–15 cm) extractable P, extractable K, surface pH, total C, organic C, total N, and δ15N for total N. In addition, the organic C to total N ratio for the 15–50 cm depth of cultivated soils was significantly lower when compared to non-cultivated soils. Cultivation caused significant increases in nitrate-N, delta C, inorganic C, and in the total C to total N and inorganic C to total N ratios (15–100 cm depths). Soil properties varied significantly with increasing soil depth. Soil pH, δ13C for total C, inorganic C, total C to total N ratio, and inorganic C to total N ratio increased significantly as soil depth increased. Nitrate-N, extractable P, extractable K, δ15N for total N, organic C, and total N decreased significantly as soil depth increased. Soil carbon changes at the sample sites are a combined result of differences in the reference surface elevation, carbon mineralization, and redistribution of carbon due to erosion. Changes in soil nutrient levels reflect crop removal, leaching, erosion, and pedogenic processes.
A sensitive upper limit to OCS in Comet Austin (1989c1) from a search for ν3 emission at 4.85 μm

Cryogenic echelle grating spectrometry of Comet Austin has been obtained for the p(1) through p(14) line frequencies of the nu3 band of OCS. A 3-sigma upper limit for OCS abundance of 0.0055 is derived, relative to H2O, for an assumed coma temperature of 50 K. This value is intermediate between the IRAM observations of Comet Levy and Vega 1 measurements of P/Halley.
Antibodies to endotoxin core determinants in normal subjects and in immune globulins for intravenous use

Abstract Experimental data suggest that antibodies directed toward the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Escherichia coli J5 and Salmonella minnesota R595, rough mutant strains whose LPS contains exposed core structures shared by many Gram-negative bacteria, may mediate cross-protective immunity. The possibility of using antibodies to these shared antigens for the prevention or treatment of Gram-negative sepsis prompted us to evaluate their prevalence in normal subjects and in immune globulins for intravenous use (IGIV). IgG and IgM antibodies to purified J5 and R595 LPS were measured by ELISA in plasma (or sera) obtained from healthy adults from four geographic areas and in nine IGIV preparations. Subjects from Mexico, Bangladesh, Tampa, Florida and Spokane, Washington, all had detectable antibodies to both J5 LPS and R595 LPS, although antibody levels showed considerable geographic variation. All IGIVs assayed contained high titers of anti-core antibody as well. Antibody levels were successfully increased both by screening donor plasma for high titers to R595 or J5 LPS and immunizing donors with J5 whole bacteria.
Bifurcations of plane wave (CW) solutions in the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation

Singularity Theory is used to comprehensively investigate the bifurcations of the steady states of the traveling wave ODEs of the cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE). These correspond to plane waves of the PDE. In addition to the most general situation, we also derive the degeneracy conditions on the eight coefficients of the CGLE under which the equation for the steady states assumes each of the possible quartic (the quartic fold and an unnamed form), cubic (the pitchfork and the winged cusp), and quadratic (four possible cases) normal forms for singularities of codimension up to three. Since the actual governing equations are employed, all results are globally valid, and not just of local applicability. In each case, the recognition problem for the unfolded singularity is treated. The transition varieties, i.e., the hysteresis, isola, and double limit curves are presented for each normal form. For both the most general case, as well as for various combinations of coefficients relevant to the particular cases, the bifurcations curves are mapped out in the various regions of parameter space delimited by these varieties. The multiplicities and interactions of the plane wave solutions are then comprehensively deduced from the bifurcation plots in each regime, and include features such as regimes of hysteresis among co-existing states, domains featuring more than one interval of hysteresis, and isola behavior featuring dynamics unrelated to the primary solution branch in limited ranges of parameter space.
In situ chemisorption of transuranics from seawater

Measurement of transuranics in open ocean seawater generally has required the collection and processing of relatively large volume samples. A system based on in situ transuranic adsorption on manganese dioxide is presented which 1. (1) eliminates the need for collecting and transporting very large volumes of seawater and 2. (2) permits substantial improvements in analytical precision and sensitivity because of the increased volume of water sampled. Water to be stripped of transuranics is passed sequentially through a prefilter and two MnO2 impregnated fibre filter cartridges. The system has been used to collect both surface and via an in situ pumping system, subsurface samples as deep as 5800 m. Details of the operation of this system and examples of the improved data quality realised by this technique are presented and compared to bulk water methods. Of particular note is the demonstration of the capability of measuring 238Pu/239,240Pu ratios in seawater of low plutonium concentration.
Suppression of hepatocyte fatty acid synthesis by albumin-bound linoleate involves depolymerization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase filaments

Digitonin treatment of chick liver cells in monolayer culture results in plasma membrane perforations due to digitonin removal of membrane cholesterol. The amount and rate of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity that escapes from the hepatocyte during digitonin treatment is positively related to the amount of protomeric carboxylase in the cells. Incubation of chick liver cells in culture with albumin-bound linoleate (60 min) caused a 3-fold increase in the amount of carboxylase activity released during exposure of cells to digitonin. Concomitant with the enhanced release of carboxylase activity was an 85% reduction in fatty acid synthesis induced by linoleate. Apparently, acute suppression of hepatocyte fatty acid synthesis by media free fatty acids resulted, in part, from a change in carboxylase conformation from the active polymeric state to the inactive protomeric form.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Aphanamol I Based on the Transition Metal Catalyzed [5 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allenes and Vinylcyclopropanes

A concise asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-aphanamol I is described, based on the transition metal catalyzed [5 + 2] allenyl−vinylcyclopropane cycloaddition. The key cycloaddition precursor is convergently assembled from (R)-(+)-limonene and cyclopropane diester through a novel decarboxylative dehydration reaction. The metal-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition of this precursor proceeds with complete chemo, endo/exo, and diastereoselectivity in 93% yield, representing an effective general route to bicyclo[5.3.0]decane derivatives.
Extracellular transport properties of Aplysia californica intestine

Abstract 1. 1. Current-voltage measurements strongly suggested the existence of a low resistance extracellular pathway in the intestinal epithelium. 2. 2. Na + and Cl − transport across the intestine involved both a cellular and extracellular pathway. 3. 3. The extracellular pathway for both Na + and Cl − constituted the major conductive route for these ions.
Fairness-related challenges in mobile opportunistic networking

The fundamental challenge in opportunistic networking, regardless of the application, is when and how to forward a message. Rank-based forwarding techniques currently represent one of the most promising methods for addressing this message forwarding challenge. While these techniques have demonstrated great efficiency in performance, they do not address the rising concern of fairness amongst various nodes in the network. Higher ranked nodes typically carry the largest burden in delivering messages, which creates a high potential of dissatisfaction amongst them. In this paper, we adopt a real-trace driven approach to study and analyze the trade-offs between efficiency, cost, and fairness of rank-based forwarding techniques in mobile opportunistic networks. Our work comprises three major contributions. First, we quantitatively analyze the trade-off between fair and efficient environments. Second, we demonstrate how fairness coupled with efficiency can be achieved based on real mobility traces. Third, we propose FOG, a real-time distributed framework to ensure efficiency-fairness trade-off using local information. Our framework, FOG, enables state-of-the-art rank-based opportunistic forwarding algorithms to ensure a better fairness-efficiency trade-off while maintaining a low overhead. Within FOG, we implement two real-time distributed fairness algorithms; Proximity Fairness Algorithm (PFA), and Message Context Fairness Algorithm (MCFA). Our data-driven experiments and analysis show that mobile opportunistic communication between users may fail with the absence of fairness in participating high-ranked nodes, and an absolute fair treatment of all users yields inefficient communication performance. Finally our analysis shows that FOG-based algorithms ensure relative equality in the distribution of resource usage among neighbor nodes while keeping the success rate and cost performance near optimal.
An antibody against DR4 (TRAIL-R1) in combination with doxorubicin selectively kills malignant but not normal prostate cells.

Prostate cancer is a major health problem among American men and new treatment approaches are needed. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a death ligand that can induce apoptosis in some but not all cancer cells. Resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis can be overcome by radiation or chemotherapy. The effect of doxorubicin/TRAIL combination therapy was compared among PC3 cells, normal prostate epithelial (PrEC) and stromal (PrSC) cells and cell viability measured by MTS assay. Combination of doxorubicin and TRAIL caused cytotoxicity in all cells tested, although PrSC were more resistant. There was no correlation between TRAIL phenotype and expression of c-FLIP, caspases or TRAIL decoy receptors, although PrSC failed to express DR4. A DR4-specific antibody, which behaved as an agonist in combination with doxorubicin, selectively induced cell death in malignant but not normal prostate cells. Although normal PrEC expressed DR4 as determined by western blot, flow cytometry ...
A Descriptive Study of Persuasive Preschool Children: How They Get Others to Do What They Want.

The purpose of this study was to identify within a small play group those children who most effectively directed the behavior of their peers. These influential subjects were then compared to dominant and less persuasive playmates on a number of behavioral dimensions. Specifically, 5 preschool-age children were observed interacting within a laboratory play setting. Every instance of a subject's attempt to influence the behavior of another and the target child's response to that initiative were transcribed. Specific initiating and responding behaviors were delineated from this analysis. Persuasion and dominance hierarchies were constructed from resulting data, allowing identification of persuasive, dominant, and low status subjects. Persuasive children were compared to other subjects; they could be distinguished from dominant and other low persuasive peers in their performance of (a) a larger number and broader repertoire of persuasive attempts, (b) a moderate number of extremely friendly or extremely aggressive strategies, and (c) a lower rate of compliance to the directives of others. Implications of findings for social skills intervention in the classroom are examined.
On the Quenching of a Diffusion Flame Near a Cold Wall

Abstract High activation energy asymptotic methods are used to derive an expression for the quenching distance for a diffusion flame undergoing the one-step irreversible reaction F + vO → P near a cold wall. The fluid-dynamic influences are disregarded by assuming a very small mass flux. The two-dimensionality of the problem is retained. This requires analysis of the temperature field in the pure (one-dimensional) diffusion flame region, in the pure premised flame regions, in the pure quenching region and in the so-called “Iriple-poinl region” where all of these separate zones meet. The functional form for the quenching distance is identical to that obtained by a simplified one-dimensional analysis; a larger numerical multiplicative factor accounts for the multidimensionality.
Dr. Rene Cailliet: Advancing the Field of Musculoskeletal Medicine by Making the Complicated Understandable

L.S.M. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Administration GLAHS/UCLA PMR e-mail: lsmillermd@gmail.com Disclosures outside this publication: Expert testimony; payment for lectures including service on speakers bureaus, LA county, UCLA
The meninges in human development

The brain and cranial meninges were studied in 61 serially sectioned embryos of stages 8-23. Much earlier stages than those examined by previous authors provided a more comprehensive view of meningeal development. As a result, the possible and probable sources of the cranial and spinal meninges are believed to be: (a) prechordal plate, (b) unsegmented paraxial (parachordal) mesoderm, (c) segmented paraxial (somitic) mesoderm, (d) mesectoderm (neural crest), (e) neurilemmal cells (neural crest), and (f) neural tube. Some of these sources (a, b, d) pertain to the cranial meninges, others (c, d, e) to the spinal coverings. The first of the future dural processes to develop is the tentorium cerebelli, which, at the end of the embryonic period proper, differs considerably in shape and composition from the later fetal and postnatal tentorium. The embryonic dural limiting layer (Duragrenzschicht) probably corresponds to the interface layer of the adult meninges. The appropriate literature was reviewed and summarized.
Psychometric properties of the SUNYA revision of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist.

The Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist (PSC), a questionnaire assessing psychosomatic symptoms, was administered to two separate samples of college students. For Sample 1 (N=698),the questionnaire was readministered to three separate subsets at intervals of either 1 week (N=143),4 weeks (N=74),or 8 weeks (N=48).Each subset of subjects recompleted the PSC on only one of the three retest intervals. Based on the initial administration an analysis of the normative data revealed a mean total score of 23.7, suggesting a relatively low degree of psychosomatic symptoms in this group. Although total scores decreased slightly over time, test-retest correlations remained high (r>0.80, P<0.0001).Individual item correlations varied and also decreased across time; however, the majority of correlations was greater than r=0.50 throughout. Sample 2 (N=249)completed the PSC, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X), and Rathus Assertiveness Scale (RAS), and intercorrelations were computed between these measures. This analysis revealed little overlap between the psychosomatic complaints assessed by the PSC and other commonly used measures of psychological distress. Finally, a factor analysis revealed one major factor on which all but 2 of the 17 questionnaire items loaded significantly. These results suggest that the PSC is sensitive to psychosomatic distress and remains reliable over time.
MOSFET sensitivity dependence on integrated dose from high-energy photon beams

The ability of a commercially available dual bias, dual MOSFET dosimetry system to measure therapeutic doses reproducibly throughout its vendor-defined dose-based lifetime has been evaluated by characterizing its sensitivity variation to integrated/cumulative doses from,high-energy (6 and 15 MV) photon radiotherapy beams. The variation of sensitivity as a function of total integrated dose was studied for three different dose-per-fraction levels; namely, 50, 200, and 1200 cGy/fraction. In standard sensitivity mode (i.e., measurements involving dose-per-fraction levels > or =100 cGy), the response of the MOSFET system to identical irradiations increased with integrated dose for both energies investigated. Dose measurement reproducibility for the low (i.e., 50 cGy) dose fractions was within 2.1% (if the system was calibrated before each in-phantom measurement) and 3.1% [if the system was calibrated prior to first use, with no intermediate calibration(s)]. Similarly, dose measurement reproducibility was between 2.2% and 6.6% for the conventional (i.e., 200 cGy) dose fractions and between 1.8% and 7.9% for escalated (i.e., 1200 cGy) dose fractions. The results of this study suggest that, due to the progressively increasing sensitivity resulting from the dual-MOSFET design, frequent calibrations are required to achieve measurement accuracy of < or =3% (within one standard deviation).
Infrared spectroscopy of all-carbon poly[60]fullerene polymer and [60]fullerene dimer model

Abstract All-carbon poly[60]fullerene polymer was prepared in bulk quantity by using a solution-based method. The polymer is free from monomeric and dimeric [60]fullerene species, which allows an infrared spectroscopic study in an unambiguous fashion. The [60]fullerene dimer prepared according to a recently reported mechanochemical method was used as a structural model for the poly[60]fullerene polymer. A systematic comparison between the infrared spectra of the poly[60]fullerene polymer, [60]fullerene dimer and [60]fullerene is reported and discussed.