cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Labor Notes from the National Capital Area

None of the exuberance of last year's massive Solidarity Day March exists today in Washington. Much of the unequivocal opposition by a great majority of labor unions to the Republican Administration because of the P ATCO strike firings of employees has been dissipated by legislative battles on Capitol Hill. There organ ized labor has been involved in an aggressive, though defensive, campaign to retain social benefit programs now being eroded by budget cuts initiated by the present Administration. The labor stance, however, has been split between the realities of a tax increase that leaves much of the domestic cuts intact, and the huge allotments for the military build-up purportedly needed by the Administration to defend "national security." This dilemma has not stopped many observers of the labor scene, including labor historians and trade unionists alike, from looking back into the past to understand the present course of the labor movement. If anything, it has forced many to build an agenda to study labor's past, and Washington, D.C. is no exception. One of the organizations planning a series of events on labor and working class history is the National Capital Labor History Society. Starting on October 6 the Society will co-sponsor the opening at the Martin Luther King Public Library of the exhibit "Working in Uncle Sam's Company Town: A History of Washing ton's Working People, 1790-1970." In an effort to give broad exposure to the community the exhibit will then circulate to various public places in the area such as senior citizens' centers, universities, federal and city buildings, and local library branches. On November 9 there will be an evening with the Washington Printers, with William Pretzer, historian at the Smithsonian Institution, presenting a short introduction to the history of the early printing unions in the United States between 1800 and 1870. A film entitled Farewell etaoin shrdlu will be shown on the subject of technological changes by electronic typesetting which will ultimately destroy 500
Subcellular localization of myosin V in nerve growth cones and outgrowth from dilute-lethal neurons

Myosin V-null mice (dilute-lethal mutants) exhibit apparent neurological defects that worsen from birth until death in the third postnatal week. Although myosin V is enriched in brain, the neuronal function of myosin V is unclear and the underlying cause of the neurological defects in these mice is unknown. To aide in understanding myosin V function, we examined the distribution of myosin V in the rodent superior cervical ganglion (SCG) growth cone, a well characterized neuronal structure in which myosin V is concentrated. Using affinity purified, myosin V-specific antibodies in immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, we observed that myosin V is concentrated in organelle-rich regions of the growth cone. Myosin V is present on a distinct population of small (50-100 nm) organelles, and on actin filaments and the plasma membrane. Myosin V-associated organelles are present on both microtubules and actin filaments. These results indicate that myosin V may be carried as a passenger on organelles that are transported along microtubules, and that these organelles may also be capable of movement along actin filaments. In addition, we found no abnormalities in outgrowth, morphology, or cytoskeletal organization of SCG growth cones from dilute-lethal mice. These results indicate that myosin V is not necessary for the traction force needed for growth cone locomotion, for organization of the actin cytoskeleton, or for filopodial dynamics.
Thylakoid Lumen Carbonic Anhydrase (CAH3) Mutation Suppresses Air-Dier Phenotype of LCIB Mutant in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

An active CO2-concentrating mechanism is induced when Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimates to limiting inorganic carbon (Ci), either low-CO2 (L-CO2; air level; approximately 0.04% CO2) or very low-CO2 (VL-CO2; approximately 0.01% CO2) conditions. A mutant, ad1, which is defective in the limiting-CO2-inducible, plastid-localized LCIB, can grow in high-CO2 or VL-CO2 conditions but dies in L-CO2, indicating a deficiency in a L-CO2-specific Ci uptake and accumulation system. In this study, we identified two ad1 suppressors that can grow in L-CO2 but die in VL-CO2. Molecular analyses revealed that both suppressors have mutations in the CAH3 gene, which encodes a thylakoid lumen localized carbonic anhydrase. Photosynthetic rates of L-CO2-acclimated suppressors under acclimation CO2 concentrations were more than 2-fold higher than ad1, apparently resulting from a more than 20-fold increase in the intracellular concentration of Ci as measured by direct Ci uptake. However, photosynthetic rates of VL-CO2-acclimated cells under acclimation CO2 concentrations were too low to support growth in spite of a significantly elevated intracellular Ci concentration. We conclude that LCIB functions downstream of CAH3 in the CO2-concentrating mechanism and probably plays a role in trapping CO2 released by CAH3 dehydration of accumulated Ci. Apparently dehydration by the chloroplast stromal carbonic anhydrase CAH6 of the very high internal Ci caused by the defect in CAH3 provides Rubisco sufficient CO2 to support growth in L-CO2-acclimated cells, but not in VL-CO2-acclimated cells, even in the absence of LCIB.
The Unretiring John Krumboltz

John D. Krumboltz continues to contribute to the field of counseling psychology, including the subspecialty of career counseling, after five decades of professional experience. Inspired by B. F. Skinner, John operationalized a behavioral approach to counseling. After 4 years at Michigan State University, where he initiated research on programmed instruction, he moved to Stanford University to help establish a program of research in counseling and to build a counseling psychology doctoral program that implemented the scientist-practitioner model. His major objective in life continues to be making counseling interventions useful in everyday life.
Surface-tension-driven microactuation based on continuous electrowetting

This paper describes the first microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) demonstration device that adopts surface tension as the driving force. A liquid-metal droplet can be driven in an electrolyte-filled capillary by locally modifying the surface tension with electric potential. We explore this so-called continuous electrowetting phenomenon for MEMS and present crucial design and fabrication technology that reduce the surface-tension-driving principle, inherently powerful in microscale, into practice. The key issues that are identified and investigated include the problem of material compatibility, electrode polarization, and electrolysis, as well as the micromachining process. Based on the results from the initial test devices and the design concept for a long-range movement of the liquid-metal droplet, we demonstrate a liquid micromotor, an electrolyte and liquid-metal droplets rotating along a microchannel loop. Smooth and wear-free rotation of the liquid system is shown at a speed of /spl sim/40 mm/s (or 420 r/min along a 2-mm loop) with a driving voltage of only 2.8 V and little power consumption (10-100 /spl mu/W).
Static characteristics of a continuous flow bioreactor containing antibiotic‐resistant recombinant cells

The steady-state behavior of a continuous bioreactor containing antibiotic-resistant recombinant cells has been investigated. Only the plasmid-free cell is susceptible to and killed by antibiotics. A Monod form of specific death rate was found to simulate quite well the experimental death rates of various cells due to antibiotics. The stability characteristics, including bifurcation of the possible steady states, are examined. Appropriate numerical illustrations for the steady-state characteristics have been provided. Theoretically, two coexistence steady states (CO), three partial washout steady states (PW), and one total washout steady state (TW) are feasible, but only one CO, one PW, and one TW were realized. When antibiotic consumption is not extremely significant the CO can exist over one or two ranges of dilution rates depending upon the antibiotic concentration in the feed. The CO is globally stable. Whenever the PW and/or the TW exist(s) together with the CO they are unstable. Sensitivity analyses for several key kinetic parameters have been made. The rate at which the plasmid-bearing cells revert to the plasmid-free cells has the most significant effect on the antibiotic susceptibility of the system. Some simplified optimization calculations for maximum profit have been carried out.
An update on mealybugs and scale insects (Hemiptera) on native epiphytic orchids in South Florida, including a new record for Pseudococcus microcirculus (Pseudococcidae)

We provide the first published record that populations of the orchid mealybug, Pseudococcus microcirculus McKenzie (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), occur on epiphytic orchids in both the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge and the Fakahatchee Swamp in the Big Cypress Basin eco-region of South Florida. In California, this mealybug has been a pest of orchids in greenhouses and was the target of state quarantine and eradication efforts in 1962. To date, no published records have documented P. microcirculus on orchids in either California’s or Florida’s natural habitats. In 2013, 322 epiphytic orchids were surveyed to document scale and mealybug levels. Pseudococcus microcirculus was found on 5 endangered epiphytic orchid taxa, and 8 (2.5%) individual plants harbored another greenhouse pest, Boisduval scale Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a species sometimes associated with orchids. How these invasive species were able to establish in these State-protected regions is unknown. With active orchid restoration efforts currently underway in these and other important orchid habitats, efforts should be made to prevent the further spread of these plant parasites.
Antibody-Mediated Immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans Promotes Biofilm Formation

Most microbes, including the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, can grow as biofilms. Biofilms confer upon microbes a range of characteristics, including an ability to colonize materials such as shunts and catheters and increased resistance to antibiotics. Here, we provide evidence that coating surfaces with a monoclonal antibody to glucuronoxylomannan, the major component of the fungal capsular polysaccharide, immobilizes cryptococcal cells to a surface support and, subsequently, promotes biofilm formation. We used time-lapse microscopy to visualize the growth of cryptococcal biofilms, generating the first movies of fungal biofilm growth. We show that when fungal cells are immobilized using surface-attached specific antibody to the capsule, the initial stages of biofilm formation are significantly faster than those on surfaces with no antibody coating or surfaces coated with unspecific monoclonal antibody. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that biofilm growth was a dynamic process in which cells shuffled position during budding and was accompanied by emergence of planktonic variant cells that left the attached biofilm community. The planktonic variant cells exhibited mobility, presumably by Brownian motion. Our results indicate that microbial immobilization by antibody capture hastens biofilm formation and suggest that antibody coating of medical devices with immunoglobulins must exclude binding to common pathogenic microbes and the possibility that this effect could be exploited in industrial microbiology.
Modeling human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated changes in drug transporter expression using experimental rodent models

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a prevalent form of chronic liver disease that can progress to the more advanced stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH has been shown to alter drug transporter regulation and may have implications in the development of adverse drug reactions. Several experimental rodent models have been proposed for the study of NASH, but no single model fully recapitulates all aspects of the human disease. The purpose of the current study was to determine which experimental NASH model best reflects the known alterations in human drug transporter expression to enable more accurate drug disposition predictions in NASH. Both rat and mouse NASH models were used in this investigation and include the methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet model, atherogenic diet model, ob/ob and db/db mice, and fa/fa rats. Pathologic scoring evaluations demonstrated that MCD and atherogenic rats, as well as ob/ob and db/db mice, developed NASH. Liver mRNA and protein expression analyses of drug transporters showed that in general, efflux transporters were induced and uptake transporters were repressed in the rat MCD and the mouse ob/ob and db/db models. Lastly, concordance analyses suggest that both the mouse and rat MCD models as well as mouse ob/ob and db/db NASH models show the most similarity to human transporter mRNA and protein expression. These results suggest that the MCD rat and mouse model, as well as the ob/ob and db/db mouse models, may be useful for predicting altered disposition of drugs with similar kinetics across humans and rodents.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey data acquisition system, and early results

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey will systematically map one-quarter of the sky, producing detailed images in five color bands and determining the positions and absolute brightnesses of more than 100 million celestial objects. It will also measure the redshifts of a million selected galaxies and of 100,000 quasars, yielding a three-dimensional map of the Universe through a volume one hundred times larger than that explored to date. The SDSS collaboration is currently in the process of commissioning the 2.5-meter survey telescope. We describe the data acquisition system used to record the survey data. This system consists of twelve single board computers and their associated interfaces to the camera and spectrograph CCD electronics, to tape drives, and to online video displays, distributed among several VME crates. A central UNIX computer connected to the VME crates via a vertical bus adapter coordinates the system and provides the interface to telescope operations. We briefly discuss results from the observing runs to date and plans for the archiving and distribution of data.
Initial changes in forest structure and understory plant communities following fuel reduction activities in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest

Thewidespread attention that has been devoted towildfires by the public, as well as by state and federal governments, overthe last several years in the United States has created a demand for fuel reduction activities aimed at alleviating wildfire hazard. While the appropriateness of these fuel reduction activities has been discussed in detail in previous studies, only a few studies have experimentally examined the effects of fuel reduction on forests. This paper investigates the initial effects of three different fuel reduction strategies on forest structure and understory plant communities using replicated treatments, which are compared to untreated controls. Understory plants are grouped by plant growth form (shrub, forb, graminoid) and by plant origin (native, exotic). The effects of each treatment alternative: mechanical, prescribed fire, mechanical followed by prescribed fire, and untreated control, are reported for each plant group. Each fuel treatment modified forest structure such that growing space increased and allowed for rapid reestablishment of forbs and graminoids, which did not differ in abundance from pre-treatment levels. The mechanical only treatments (thinning from below and rotary mastication) significantly reduced shrub cover relative to the control, however mechanical plus fire and fire only treatments did not. Mechanical plus fire treatments altered forest structure most substantially, which may explain the observed increases in richness and cover of exotic species. However, the magnitude of these differences was small. Both treatments involving fire decreased native species richness significantly, but differences in native species cover were insignificant for any of the active treatments. These results demonstrate a relatively high degree of resilience in these Sierra Nevada mixed conifer understory communities, at least initially, to fuel reduction activities. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Microresonator Design Based on Nonlinear 1 : 2 Internal Resonance in Flexural Structural Modes

A unique T-beam microresonator designed to operate on the principle of nonlinear modal interactions due to 1 : 2 internal resonance is introduced. Specifically, the T-structure is designed to have two flexural modes with natural frequencies in a 1 : 2 ratio, and the higher frequency mode autoparametrically excites the lower frequency mode through inertial quadratic nonlinearities. A Lagrangian formulation is used to model the electrostatically actuated T-beam resonator, and it includes inertial quadratic nonlinearities, cubic nonlinearities due to midplane stretching and curvature of the beam, electrostatic potential, and effects of thermal prestress. A nonlinear two-mode reduced-order model is derived using linear structural modes in desired internal resonance. The model is used to estimate static pull-in bias voltages and dynamic responses using asymptotic averaging. Nonlinear frequency responses are developed for the case of resonant actuation of a higher frequency mode. It is shown that the lower frequency flexural mode is excited for actuation levels above a certain threshold and generates response component at half the frequency of resonant actuation. The effects of damping, thermal prestress, and mass and geometric perturbations from nominal design are thoroughly discussed. Finally, experimental results for a macroscale T-beam structure are briefly described and qualitatively confirm the basic analytical predictions. The T-beam resonator shows a high sensitivity to mass perturbations and, thus, holds great potential as a radio frequency filter-mixer and mass sensor.
RST-invariant digital image watermarking based on log-polar mapping and phase correlation

Based on log-polar mapping (LPM) and phase correlation, the paper presents a novel digital image watermarking scheme that is invariant to rotation, scaling, and translation (RST). We embed a watermark in the LPMs of the Fourier magnitude spectrum of an original image, and use the phase correlation between the LPM of the original image and the LPM of the watermarked image to calculate the displacement of watermark positions in the LPM domain. The scheme preserves the image quality by avoiding computing the inverse log-polar mapping (ILPM), and produces smaller correlation coefficients for unwatermarked images by using phase correlation to avoid exhaustive search. The evaluations demonstrate that the scheme is invariant to rotation and translation, invariant to scaling when the scale is in a reasonable range, and very robust to JPEG compression.
Posttranscriptional control of embryonic rat skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Control at the level of translation by endogenous RNA.

The onset of muscle cell differentiation is associated with increased transcription of muscle-specific mRNA. Studies from this laboratory using 19-d embryonic rat skeletal muscle, suggest that additional, posttranscriptional controls regulate maturation of muscle tissue via a quantitative effect upon translation, and that the regulatory component may reside within the poly A- RNA pool (Nathanson, M.A., E.W. Bush, and C. Vanderburg. 1986. J. Biol. Chem. 261:1477-1486). To further characterize muscle cell translational control, embryonic and adult total RNA were separated into oligo(dT)cellulose-bound (poly A+) and -unbound (poly A-) pools. Unbound material was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to resolve constituents of varying molecular size and mechanically cut into five fractions. Material of each fraction was electroeluted and recovered by precipitation. Equivalent loads of total RNA from 19-20-d embryonic rat skeletal muscle exhibited a 40% translational inhibition in comparison to its adult counterpart. Inhibition was not due to decreased message abundance because embryonic, as well as adult muscle, contained equivalent proportions of poly A+ mRNA. An inhibition assay, based upon the translatability of adult RNA and its inhibition by embryonic poly A- RNA, confirmed that inhibition was associated with a 160-2,000-nt poly A- fraction. Studies on the chemical composition of this fraction confirmed its RNA composition, the absence of ribonucleoprotein, and that its activity was absent from similarly fractionated adult RNA. Rescue of inhibition could be accomplished by addition of extra lysate or mRNA; however, smaller proportions of lysate were required, suggesting a strong interaction of inhibitor and components of the translational apparatus. Additional studies demonstrated that the inhibitor acted at the level of initiation, in a dose-dependent fashion. The present studies confirm the existence of translational control in skeletal muscle and suggest that it operates at the embryonic to adult transition. A model of muscle cell differentiation, based upon transcriptional control at the myoblast level, followed by translational regulation at the level of the postmitotic myoblast and/or myotube, is proposed.
X-ray diffraction and magnetic properties of rapid thermal annealed sendust films

A rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process for sputter deposited sendust (FeSiAl) films is described and the effects of different annealing conditions on key soft magnetic parameters are discussed. X-ray diffraction is used to understand the microstructure of the RTA sendust films and to establish the presence of the ordered DO/sub 3/ phase. AFM and SEM micrographs are used to describe the morphology of these films. >
Pore fluid effects on seismic velocity in anisotropic rocks

A simple new technique predicts the high‐ and low‐frequency saturated velocities in anisotropic rocks entirely in terms of measurable dry rock properties without the need for idealized crack geometries. Measurements of dry velocity versus pressure and porosity versus pressure contain all of the necessary information for predicting the frequency‐dependent effects of fluid saturation. Furthermore, these measurements automatically incorporate all pore interaction, so there is no limitation to low crack density. The velocities are found to depend on five key interrelated variables: frequency, the distribution of compliant crack‐like porosity, the intrinsic or noncrack anisotropy, fluid viscosity and compressibility, and effective pressure. The sensitivity of velocities to saturation is generally greater at high frequencies than low frequencies. The magnitude of the differences from dry to saturated and from low frequency to high frequency is determined by the compliant or crack‐like porosity. Predictions of s...
Observations of microwave continuum emission from air shower plasmas

We investigate a possible new technique for microwave detection of cosmic-ray extensive air showers which relies on detection of expected continuum radiation in the microwave range, caused by free-electron collisions with neutrals in the tenuous plasma left after the passage of the shower. We performed an initial experiment at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator laboratory in 2003 and measured broadband microwave emission from air ionized via high-energy electrons and photons. A follow-up experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in the summer of 2004 confirmed the major features of the previous Argonne Wakefield Accelerator observations with better precision. Prompted by these results we built a prototype detector using satellite television technology and have made measurements suggestive of the detection of cosmic-ray extensive air showers. The method, if confirmed by experiments now in progress, could provide a high-duty cycle complement to current nitrogen fluorescence observations.
Liver transplantation arrests and reverses muscle wasting

Muscle wasting, sarcopenia, is common in advanced cirrhosis and predicts adverse outcomes while awaiting and following liver transplantation. Frequent post-transplant worsening of sarcopenia has attracted recent interest. It is unknown whether this serious problem is an expected metabolic consequence of transplantation or results from confounding conditions such as recurrent allograft liver disease or avoidable post-transplant complications. To clarify this question, we studied pre- and post-transplant muscle mass in a retrospective cohort of 40 patients transplanted for three diseases - alcoholic cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis cirrhosis - in whom allograft disease recurrence was monitored and excluded, and who lacked common post-transplant muscle wasting complications such as sepsis, renal failure, ischemia, and cholestasis. We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI) using computed tomography before and 12-48 months after transplant. SMI as a categorical variable significantly improved, from 18 patients above the normal cutoff pre-transplant to 28 post-transplant (p = 0.008). SMI increases were greatest in patients with the lowest pre-transplant SMI (p < 0.01). As a continuous variable, mean SMI remained stable, with a non-significant trend toward improvement. We conclude that after liver transplantation sarcopenia does not progress but is arrested and frequently improves in the absence of confounding conditions.
Strategies for successfully navigating the pharmacy residency interview process

The residency interview process is an exciting, stressful, whirlwind experience. Suggestions for optimizing this experience include: maintaining a professional presence, arriving on-time, being collegial with your co-applicants, judicious use of your cell phone, preparation of questions to ask and responses to questions asked of you, and sending thank-you notes. While these suggestions may sound intuitive, in the heat of the moment it is possible to make a crucial interview faux pas. Thinking through these issues ahead of time and proactively planning for your interview experience will help you to be calm, confident, and poised for success during your interview.
Spemann organizer activity of Smad10

The Spemann organizer induces neural tissue, dorsalizes mesoderm and generates a second dorsal axis. We report the isolation and characterization of Smad10, which has all three of these Spemann activities. Smad10 is expressed at the appropriate time to transduce Spemann signals endogenously. Like the organizer, Smad10 generates anterior and posterior neural tissues. Smad10 appears to function downstream of the Spemann organizer, consistent with a role in mediating organizer-derived signals. Interestingly, Smad10, unlike previously characterized mediators of Spemann activity, does not appear to block BMP signals. This finding, coupled with the functional activity and expression profile, suggests that Smad10 mediates Spemann action in a novel manner.
Development Strategy of Sericulture Industry in Zhejiang During the Latter Period of "11th Five-Year Plan"

Zhejiang sericulture industry was stable development and promoting the application of new varieties, good progress in the comprehensive utilization of mulberry, and cocoon has increased the level of industrialization in early stage of "11th Five-Year Plan" with driving the two projects. i. e. sericulture developing to the west and optimization. Zhejiang sericulture industry should focus on "quality cocoon production base construction," the best use of the support policies and innovative institutional mechanisms of cocoon purchasing, to strengthen sericulture base -building, promoting scientific and technological progress, promoting sustained and stable development of sericulture industry during late period of "11th Five-Year Plan".
FEMA in Shambles: 9/11 and the Nation’s Capacity to Deal with Catastrophic Disasters

The attacks on 9/11 had profound effect upon the nation’s system for dealing with catastrophic disasters. In the decade before the attacks, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and its state and local counterparts had developed a common approach to natural and unnatural (man-made) hazards and collaborative processes for managing major disasters. The response to the 9/11 attacks was not without flaw, but the system did work. FEMA supported local and state emergency management efforts in New York and local agencies in Virginia came to the aid of Pentagon officials. In some measure, the responses to 9/11 demonstrated the importance of local emergency management capacities in large-scale disasters. Local and state capabilities have expanded since 9/11, but federal capabilities have been seriously damaged since 2001. This chapter begins with an assessment of the impact of 9/11 on federal capabilities, largely in terms of the impact upon FEMA, and concludes with an assessment of the impact upon state and local capabilities to deal with catastrophic disaster.
Abstract CN05-01: The Cancer Cell Map Initiative: Mapping molecular networks for tumor stratification and treatment

Progress in DNA sequencing has revealed the startling complexity of cancer genomes, which typically carry thousands of somatic mutations. However, it remains unclear which are the key driver mutations or dependencies in a given cancer and how these influence pathogenesis and response to therapy. Although tumors of similar types and clinical outcomes can have patterns of mutations that are strikingly different, it is becoming apparent that these mutations recurrently hijack the same hallmark molecular pathways and networks. For this reason, it is likely that successful interpretation of cancer genomes will require comprehensive knowledge of the molecular networks under selective pressure in oncogenesis. I will discuss the creation of a new effort, The Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), aimed at systematically detailing these complex interactions among cancer genes and how they differ between diseased and healthy states. I will present recent progress that enables creation of these cancer cell maps across a range of tumor types and how they can be used to target networks disrupted in individual patients, significantly accelerating the development of precision medicine. Citation Format: Trey Ideker. The Cancer Cell Map Initiative: Mapping molecular networks for tumor stratification and treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr CN05-01.
Time reversal for localization of sources of infrasound signals in a windy stratified atmosphere

Time reversal is used for localizing sources of recorded infrasound signals propagating in a windy, stratified atmosphere. Due to the convective effect of the background flow, the back-azimuths of the recorded signals can be substantially different from the source back-azimuth, posing a significant difficulty in source localization. The back-propagated signals are characterized by negative group velocities from which the source back-azimuth and source-to-receiver (STR) distance can be estimated using the apparent back-azimuths and trace velocities of the signals. The method is applied to several distinct infrasound arrivals recorded by two arrays in the Netherlands. The infrasound signals were generated by the Buncefield oil depot explosion in the U.K. in December 2005. Analyses show that the method can be used to substantially enhance estimates of the source back-azimuth and the STR distance. In one of the arrays, for instance, the deviations between the measured back-azimuths of the signals and the know...
Preservation of Optimality Under Loss of Varieties

On montre qu'un plan est le plus resistant a une perte jusqu'a t-2 varietes si et seulement si c'est un t-plan
Die theoretische Grundlage für die Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration des Blutes

Der Begriff der sauren oder alkalischen Reaktion ist im Laufe der Entwicklung der physikalischen Chemie in zwei Teilbegriffe zerlegt worden, die Titrationsaciditat bzw. -alkalitat, und die Wasserstoffionenkonzentration. Diese beiden Grosen sind nicht eindeutig voneinander abhangig. Die Konzentration der H-Ionen wird in der Regel in Gramm-Ionen pro Liter gemessen, was bei den H-Ionen praktisch identisch ist mit g pro 1. Das Symbol fur die Konzentration der H-Ionen ist CH+ oder [H+] oder [H•] oder einfach h. Statt dieser Konzentration selbst gibt man zweckmasigerweise auch den Logarithmus ihres reziproken Wertes an, erstens aus theoretischen Grunden, denn viele Funktionen werden graphisch viel einfacher bei Anwendung der Logarithmen, und zweitens aus praktischen Grunden, weil die Methoden der Messung zunachst auf diesen Logarithmus fuhren. Der Logarithmus des reziproken Wertes wird zur Vermeidung der Minuszeichen gewahlt. Er ist von Soerensen 2 als Wasserstoffexponent pH bezeichnet worden. Der Numerus h selbst wurde von Michaelis 3 als Wasserstoffzahl bezeichnet. Manche Autoren benutzen dieses Wort aber synonym mit Wasserstoffexponent. Da eine Verwechslung nicht moglich ist, mag die Schwankung in der Bezeichnung hingenommen werden.
Efficient Multiple Kernel Classification Using Feature and Decision Level Fusion

Kernel methods for classification is a well-studied area in which data are implicitly mapped from a lower-dimensional space to a higher dimensional space to improve classification accuracy. However, for most kernel methods, one must still choose a kernel to use for the problem. Since there is, in general, no way of knowing which kernel is the best, multiple kernel learning (MKL) is a technique used to learn the aggregation of a set of valid kernels into a single (ideally) superior kernel. The aggregation can be done using weighted sums of the precomputed kernels, but determining the summation weights is not a trivial task. Furthermore, MKL does not work well with large datasets because of limited storage space and prediction speed. In this paper, we address all three of these multiple kernel challenges. First, we introduce a new linear feature level fusion technique and learning algorithm, GAMKLp. Second, we put forth three new algorithms, DeFIMKL, DeGAMKL, and DeLSMKL, for nonlinear fusion of kernels at the decision level. To address MKL's storage and speed drawbacks, we apply the Nystrom approximation to the kernel matrices. We compare our methods to a successful and state-of-the-art technique called MKL-group lasso (MKLGL), and experiments on several benchmark datasets show that some of our proposed algorithms outperform MKLGL when applied to support vector machine (SVM)-based classification. However, to no surprise, there does not seem to be a global winner but instead different strategies that a user can employ. Experiments with our kernel approximation method show that we can routinely discard most of the training data and at least double prediction speed without sacrificing classification accuracy. These results suggest that MKL-based classification techniques can be applied to big data efficiently, which is confirmed by an experiment using a large dataset.
Modeling Industrial Buyer Complaints: Implications for Satisfying and Saving Customers

For industrial marketers to retain customers it is important to understand the behavior that buyers undertake following an unsatisfactory purchase. The responses that individual consumers undertake...
The second ACM SIGSPATIAL PhD workshop report Seattle, Washington, USA: November 3, 2015

The ACM SIGSPATIAL Ph.D. Workshop is a forum where Ph.D. students present, discuss, and receive feedback on their research in a constructive atmosphere. The Workshop will be attended by professors, researchers and practitioners in the ACM SIGSPATIAL community, who will participate actively and contribute to the discussions. The workshop provided an opportunity for doctoral students to explore and develop their research interests in the broad areas addressed by the ACM SIGSPATIAL community. We invited PhD students to submit a summary of their dissertation work to share their work with students in a similar situation as well as senior researchers in the field. Submissions provided a clear problem definition, explain why it is important, survey related work, and summarize the new solutions that are pursued. Submissions also focused on describing the contribution they made in their doctoral dissertation. The strongest candidates were those who have a clear topic and research approach, and have made some progress, but who are not so far along that they can no longer make changes.
First Principles Optimization of Opto-Electronic Communication Links

We introduce a first principles, end-to-end analysis of opto-electronic communication links which incorporates a thorough model of the receiver circuitry, in addition to the more familiar laser transmitter optimization. In particular, we optimize receiver sensitivity and power by studying their dependence on front-end design as well as follow-on digital sampler requirements. We find that the photo-receiver sensitivity is the most important factor in controlling the overall link power consumption. Our physical model and circuit optimization principles are applied to a heterogenous-integrated photonic+CMOS platform, where we show state-of-the-art performance through this physics-based rapid-design protocol. Incidentally this greatly simplifies the design process. Lastly, we apply this approach to extrapolate future performance trends, platform bottlenecks, and fundamental limits in optical link design while showcasing the potential for sub-1fJ/bit system efficiency at high speeds.
Molecular Social Interactions: Drosophila melanogaster Seminal Fluid Proteins as a Case Study

Studies of social behavior generally focus on interactions between two or more individual animals. However, these interactions are not simply between whole animals, but also occur between molecules that were produced by the interacting individuals. Such "molecular social interactions" can both influence and be influenced by the organismal-level social interactions. We illustrate this by reviewing the roles played by seminal fluid proteins (Sfps) in molecular social interactions between males and females of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Sfps, which are produced by males and transferred to females during mating, are involved in inherently social interactions with female-derived molecules, and they influence social interactions between males and females and between a female's past and potential future mates. Here, we explore four examples of molecular social interactions involving D. melanogaster Sfps: processes that influence mating, sperm storage, ovulation, and ejaculate transfer. We consider the molecular and organismal players involved in each interaction and the consequences of their interplay for the reproductive success of both sexes. We conclude with a discussion of the ways in which Sfps can both shape and be shaped by (in an evolutionary sense) the molecular social interactions in which they are involved.
Real-Time Analog and Digital Data Acquisition Through CUSP

The University of Nevada Seismological Laboratory operates an array of 60 analog short-period and 10 three-component digital telemetered seismic stations, 90 data traces in all, in Nevada and eastern California. Formerly, the seismic data streams were recorded and processed on three separate computers running disparate software and writing incompatible data formats which made access to the digital data quite cumbersome. These systems were recently replaced by a single computer system, a MicroVAX II running VAX/VMS, together with Generic CUSP (Caltech -U.S.G.S. Seismic Processing System), a controlled software system from the U.S.G.S. in Menlo Park. Telemetered digital data are stored simultaneously in two ways, unique to this network. First, these digital data are brought asynchronously into the computer using a standard direct-memory access interface and recorded continuously on an Exabyte 8-mm helical-scan tapedrive. Second, the digital data are passed through a D to A converter and intermixed with the incoming analog data stream used for routine network processing. This analog data stream is then itself digitized and presented to the computer. In this way, calibrated digital waveforms are available in the routine data processing stream, now entirely comprised of digital waveforms, used to locate earthquakes. At the same time, this allows easy access to these data in research applications involving the processing of seismic waveforms.
Setting the Agenda for Preventive Cardiology.

Preventive cardiology is a spontaneously emerging subspecialty with a broad base of support from multiple disciplines but no obvious consensus on its logistical, educational, and disciplines boundaries. Here, we examine the origins and current status of the field and provide a roadmap for its future success as a subspecialty. To some, it is a general concept encompassing a range of interests so wide to include basic research, population studies, community medicine, and public policy work. To others, it is a philosophy that informs and defines an aspect of a more general clinical practice stance, be it general cardiology, endocrinology, or internal medicine. To us, practitioners of this clinical art, it is a discipline in its own right and worthy of attaining subspecialty status. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading killer in the world, and yet we all know it is largely preventable.1 The notion of dedicating significant resources to ASCVD prevention in the clinical setting, although of intuitive value, poses challenges of political and logistical nature. Yet, these challenges must be overcome as the threat we face is colossal. All of us after a certain age are at measurable risk of heart attack or stroke. This brief perspective will examine the origins of what is currently known as preventive cardiology, review the current status of this discipline in its myriad forms, and provide a call to action for its future if it is to evolve as a defined subspecialty. Scientists from diverse backgrounds have been interested in the link between cholesterol and ASCVD for over a century. In 1913, Nikolai Anitschkow fed pure cholesterol to rabbits and demonstrated the development of hypercholesterolemia and extensive aortic atherosclerosis.2 The Framingham Heart Study, launched in 1948, established the principle of ASCVD risk factors, contributory agents with no single sufficient cause. …
Cryopreserved Valved Vein Grafts as a Source of Pulmonary Blood Flow

This paper illustrates our technique for using cryopreserved human vein graft with valve as a source of pulmonary blood flow. We illustrate the use of these conduits in the right ventricle to pulmonary artery position, as well as the systemic to pulmonary artery position. Additional illustrated modification is the use of an external stent for both restricting pulmonary blood flow immediately after surgery and increasing pulmonary blood flow as the child experiences somatic growth.
Loneliness and Faith

Loneliness is fundamentally an experience of isolation. It results from the apprehension that the individual is no longer able to communicate intelligibly with his surrounding world. He feels cut o...
Analysis of near crashes among teen, young adult, and experienced adult drivers using the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study.

Objective: Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among young drivers. Though previous research has focused on crash events, near crashes offer additional data to help identify driver...
Incomplete bicruciate knee injuries: Results of treatment with isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Abstract Purpose: To determine how the presence of a partial injury to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in conjunction with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear affects the outcome of ACL reconstruction. Type of Study: Case series. Methods: Between 1990 and 1998, 18 patients with surgically documented complete ACL ruptures and partial PCL tears, referred to as "incomplete bicruciate knee injuries," were treated with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and PCL observation. Fifteen patients (83%) were available for follow-up evaluation at a mean of 60 months postoperatively. Follow-up evaluation consisted of physical examination, standard radiographs, isokinetic muscle testing, KT instrumented laxity testing, stress radiographs for posterior and total anterior-posterior translation, and Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC outcome scores. Results: At follow-up, 11 patients had a negative Lachman and 4 had a 1+ Lachman (3 to 5 mm translation). Instrumented arthrometer tests performed at follow-up showed less than 3 mm of increased anterior translation versus the opposite knee on manual maximum testing at 30° in 11 patients, and 3 to 5 mm translation in the remaining 4 patients, with an average of 1.3 mm increased translation. Symptomatic posterior instability was present in only 1 patient who had sustained a repeat injury resulting in a complete PCL tear postoperatively. Final IKDC outcome scores were normal or near normal in 13 patients (87%) and abnormal in 2 (13%). The average Lysholm score was 93 at follow-up, and only 1 patient had a score lower than 80. Conclusions: Overall, the results of treatment of incomplete bicruciate knee injuries in this study compare favorably with the results of isolated ACL reconstruction reported in other series. We conclude that the clinical significance of an arthroscopically defined partial PCL tear in an ACL-deficient knee is minor, and that isolated ACL reconstruction in this setting appears to be effective treatment. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 3 (March), 2002: pp 264–271
Spoken Language and Fear of the Blank Page.

Ability to communicate using spoken language occurs naturally in children earlier than they learn how to use written language. Throughout persons’ lives, their ability to use spoken language is bei...
Advanced Characterization Techniques for Evaluating Porosity, Nanopore Tortuosity, and Electrical Connectivity at the Single-Nanoparticle Level

We demonstrate quantification of porosity, nanopore tortuosity, and electrical connectivity at the single-nanoparticle (NP) level for NPs synthesized by nanodroplet-mediated electrodeposition. Focused ion beam nanoslice tomography was used to slice NPs with ca. 10 nm slice resolution followed by imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), allowing measurement of these parameters on NPs not amenable to transmission electron microscopy. Slices were reconstructed in three dimensions and revealed pores with an average size of 3 ± 2 nm and relative nanopore tortuosity of 46.8 ± 24.5. We also demonstrate a new technique to evaluate electrical connectivity at the single-NP level by taking advantage of material-selective electrodeposition. The rate of Cu electrodeposition differs significantly on Pt compared to carbon, implying Cu can be selectively electrodeposited onto Pt NPs adsorbed onto a carbon support. Following the Cu electrodeposition step, NP connectivity was determined by the presence of Cu on Pt...