cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of hypo-N-glycosylation using mass spectrometry of transferrin.

Many congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) can be diagnosed by observing the extent of glycosylation of the abundant serum glycoprotein transferrin (Trf). Trf is an N-glycosylated protein with two asparagine glycation sites. CDG types I are those genetic defects which occur prior to transfer of the complex oligosaccharide to the acceptor asparagine in the cotranslated polypeptide chain. CDG Ia constitutes by far the most frequent form of CDG and is the result of mutations in the phosphomannomutase gene. CDG Ia and the Ib subtype (Phosphomannoisomerase deficiency) result in low cellular mannose-1-phosphate levels, a required precursor for oligosaccharide assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. The deficiency in oligosaccharides with branched mannose structures is thereafter expressed by the appearance of glycoproteins with unoccupied N-glycosylation sites (hypoglycosylation). Currently, there have been at least 11 Type I defects, type Ia being by far the most frequently occurring. Most, if not all type I defects result in unoccupied N-glycation sites. Hypoglycosylated Trf, also known as carbohydrate-deficient Trf (CDT), can be detected using mass spectrometry (MS) to measure the masses of the serum Trf. The methods for sample preparation using affinity chromatography and MS analysis are described in this unit. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 54:17.4.1-17.4.9 © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG); carbohydrate deficient Transferrin (CDT) or hypoglycosylated tranferrin; transferrin (Trf); glycoforms; glycoproteins; oligosaccharides
Military Culture Does Matter

Professional military cultures differ greatly from service to service and from nation to nation. Yet, they represent an essential component of military effectiveness. How armies, air forces, marine corps, and navies think about war guides their peacetime innovations and determines the patterns of successful or unsuccessful adaptation of war. The military profession is not only the most demanding physically of the professions, it is also the most demanding mentally. But there is another side that military historians and pundits often exclude from their examinations of military culture. That is the portion of the landscape that deals with the physical, physiological, and psychological preparation of military organizations for war . As the Prussian military theorist, Carl von Clausewitz, suggests: “The end for which a soldier is recruited, clothed, armed, and trained, the whole object of his sleeping, eating, drinking, and marching is simply that he should fight at the right place and the right time .” War places extraordinary demands on the individual. In effect, military organizations require the soldier to remain on the battlefield in an arena of danger where his enemy aims to kill him . They demand that he maintain himself in an environment in which every human instinct suggests that he should leave immediately. Clausewitz brilliantly depicted that terrifying challenge in On War : As we approach, the rumble of guns grow louder and alternates with the whir of cannonballs…shots begin to strike close around us. We hurry up the slope.…Here the cannonballs and bursting shells are frequent.…Suddenly someone you know is wounded; then a shell falls among the staff. You notice that some of the officers act a little oddly.…Now we enter the battle raging before us, still more like a spectacle, and join the nearest division commander. Shot is falling like hail, and the thunder of our own guns adds to the din. A noise is heard that is a certain indication of increasing danger – the rattling of grapeshot on roofs and on the ground. Cannonballs tear past, whizzing in all directions, and musketballs begin to whistle around us. A little further we reach the firing line, where the infantry endures the hammering for hours.…The air is filled with hissing bullets that sound like a sharp crack if they pass close to one's head. For a final shock, the sight of men being killed and mutilated moves our pounding hearts to awe and pity.
Abstract 2359: Bioinformatics analysis of an Ad-VEGF flank angiogenesis model identifies vessel subtype gene signatures: Implications for anti-VEGF therapy

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is the predominant growth factor expressed by tumor cells to drive angiogenesis and solid tumor growth. Antiangiogenesis therapies have been clinically demonstrated to be effective, however, there are still not effective means to preselect those patients most likely to derive optimal benefit. To identify blood vessel markers that may differentiate patients responsive to VEGF pathway blockade, we used a well-established in vivo model to generate pathological angiogenesis following the delivery of adenovirus engineered to express VEGF-A164 (Ad-VEGF) to a localized subcutaneous site within the flank of a nude mouse. This model provides a temporally controlled induction of angiogenesis and subsequent remodeling and maturation of the vasculature. This enabled us to study discrete subclasses of vessel which have been previously shown to have differential sensitivities to anti-angiogenic therapy. Here we report gene expression profiling on a time course of the Ad-VEGF flank model which was used to characterize molecular and genetic changes associated with these distinct vessel subtypes. Using a nearest centroid-based classification algorithm we identified unique endothelial cell specific gene signatures representing ‘early’, ‘middle' and ‘late' stages of vessel development and maturation. To evaluate the utility of these gene signatures in predicting sensitivity to anti-VEGF therapy, we profiled a publically available gene array dataset generated from a mouse xenograft model following anti-VEGF treatment with our vessel subtype gene signatures. A majority of the early and middle vessel genes were significantly reduced in bevacizumab-treated animals, demonstrating they respond to VEGF pathway inhibition. To further evaluate the potential value of these gene signatures as predictive biomarkers we profiled a dataset of 248 gastric tumors using hierarchical clustering. Our analysis shows the middle vessel signature was highly expressed in a mesenchymal molecular subtype of gastric cancer. Interestingly, the majority of the mesenchymal gastric tumors were ‘diffuse' subtype in Lauren's classification. Together, our data demonstrate the potential usefulness of our vessel subtype gene signatures in identifying tumor subtypes that may benefit from this anti-angiogenic therapy. Citation Format: Jiangang Liu, Beverly L. Falcon, Janice A. Nagy, Shou-Ching S. Jaminet, Dan Li, Thompson N. Doman, Sudhakar Chintharlapalli, Bronek Pytowski, Mark T. Uhlik, Harold Dvorak, Laura Benjamin, Anthony S. Fischl. Bioinformatics analysis of an Ad-VEGF flank angiogenesis model identifies vessel subtype gene signatures: Implications for anti-VEGF therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2359. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2359
A survey of endophytic fungi of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the Midwest, and their putative roles in plant growth.

Abstract Endophytic fungi represent a diverse group of Fungi belonging primarily to the Phylum Ascomycota, and exist asymptomatically within tissues of plants. Clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes can promote plant productivity in grasses. Less is known about non-clavicipitaceous endophytes, which are the dominant fungal endophytes in many plants. Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), a prairie grass native to North America, is a potential candidate as a biofuel crop. Our knowledge of the endophytic fungi of switchgrass and their potential effects on biomass production in this species is limited. To characterize and evaluate endophytic fungi in switchgrass, tillers were collected from a range of habitats across Indiana and Illinois in 2008 and 2009. Endophytic fungi were cultured from surface disinfected aboveground tissues. Morphological characters and sequences of the fungal ITS region were used to identify endophytic fungal isolates. In total, 31 operational taxonomic units were identified, representing fungi belonging to over 11 taxonomic orders. All fungi were members of Ascomycota and most belonged to common genera such as Alternaria , Epicoccum , Phoma , Phaeosphaeria and Stagonospora . No members of the Clavicipitaceae were detected. A greenhouse assay was carried out with a subset of endophyte isolates to determine their impacts on switchgrass biomass production. Experimental inoculations demonstrated that fungi had a range of effects on switchgrass biomass, with 12.5 % and 62.5 % of isolates significantly promoting versus reducing biomass production of test seedlings over controls. Some endophytic fungi of switchgrass may have potential to enhance plant productivity, but net effects of endophyte communities under field conditions need to be explored.
Effects of thermal stresses on caprock integrity during CO2 storage

Abstract Subsurface fluid injection results in a pore pressure increase, which induces geomechanical stresses. Additionally, if there exists a difference between the ambient formation temperature and the temperature of injected fluid, thermal stresses can develop. Herein we study the effect of CO 2 injection temperature on caprock integrity using coupled thermo-poromechanical multi-phase simulations. Calculations show that when CO 2 is injected within several years at a temperature below the ambient value in the formation, the stresses above the horizontal injection well lead to tensile or shear failure of the caprock. We study the sensitivity of resulting stresses to the injection temperature, caprock density and initial in situ stresses. We also show that the caprock failure can lead to propagating fractures, which may serve as pathways for CO 2 leakage. Based on the results of our simulations we estimate the rate of fracture propagation and study the effect of caprock permeability on this rate. Our results show that injection of CO 2 at temperature close to the ambient value in the aquifer significantly reduces the risk of caprock fracturing and, therefore, of possible leakage.
Sexual side effects of novel antipsychotic medications.

Abstract Background : The novel antipsychotic medications offer a more favorable extrapyramidal side effect profile than conventional agents. It is uncertain that the novel antipsychotics have a benefit in terms of sexual side effects. Methods : We prospectively administered a survey of sexual functioning to 25 male patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia, taking conventional and novel antipsychotics. Contrasts were made between three treatment groups: clozapine (CLOZ), risperidone (RIS), and a combined haloperidol/fluphenazine (HAL/FLU) group. Results : A decrease in overall sexual functioning was reported in all medication groups (40–71%). The majority of subjects taking RIS or HAL/FLU reported a decline in one or more aspects of sexual functioning. Examining specific aspects of sexual functioning revealed that, a decline in sexual interest was significantly less common on CLOZ compared to RIS (0 vs. 64%; χ 2 =6.1, df=1, p =0.01) or HAL/FLU (0 vs. 67%; χ 2 =5.2, df=1, p =0.02), while a decline in the erectile frequency was significantly more common on RIS compared to CLOZ (40 vs. 93%; χ 2 =6.2, df=1, p =0.01) or HAL/FLU (50 vs. 93%; χ 2 =4.8, df=1, p =0.03) (0%). For enjoyment of orgasm and ejaculatory volume, significantly fewer CLOZ compared to RIS subjects reported a decline (20 vs. 86%; χ 2 =7.4, df=1, p =0.01). Conclusions : Sexual side effects are common clinically pertinent adverse effects associated with both novel and conventional antipsychotic medications. They deserve increased attention in clinical work and future research with emerging antipsychotic drugs.
Effect of Continuous Supression of Heparan Sulfate on Arterial Endothelial Alignment and Gene Expression Under Several Shear Stress Waveforms

The literature suggests that endothelial cells (ECs) possess many molecules that have mechanosensor capabilities, such as intracellular junction proteins, G proteins, ion channels, integrins, and the glycocalyx [1]. The endothelial glycocalyx is located on the luminal surface of ECs and interacts with the passing blood, thus making it a strong mechanosensor candidate. The glycocalyx is a negatively charged gel layer ranging from 0.5 μm thick in capillaries to 4.5 μm thick in carotid arteries [2]. The glycocalyx consists primarily of sialic acids, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate (HS). HS is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan within the glycocalyx, and it is one of the most studied molecules in this layer [3].Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The application of theory in childhood asthma self-help programs

Theories from research in health education and compliance (adherence) behavior are reviewed and examined for their applicability to studies of self-management of childhood asthma. Specific theories discussed include: (1) the health belief model, (2) models of health, illness, and sick-role behavior, (3) social learning theory, (4) models of physician-patient relationships, (5) self-regulation model, (6) communication theory, (7) attribution, control, and decision-making theory, (8) grounded theory, (9) ecologic theory, and (10) family and social systems theories. A scheme to guide development and testing of theories in children's health and illness behavior is presented. The key common elements in the examined theories on adherence behavior are integrated and organized into a paradigm for the family determinants of the self-management of chronic illness.
An Empirical Phase-Noise Model for MEMS Oscillators Operating in Nonlinear Regime

Nonlinearity of a silicon resonator can lead to improved phase-noise performance in an oscillator when the phase shift of the sustaining amplifier forces the operating point to a steeper phase-frequency slope. As a result, phase modulation on the oscillator frequency is minimized because the resonator behaves as a high-order phase filter. The effect of the increased filtering translates into phase-noise shaping that reflects superior overall performance. Nonlinear effects in MEMS oscillators can be induced via sufficient driving power, generating low-frequency nonwhite noise processes that need to be considered in a phase-noise description. Since the phase-frequency response is not symmetric for a nonlinear detuned resonator, an empirical model based on power series is proposed to describe its effect in the noise sources and to account for the observed higher effective quality factor of the oscillator, the reduction in the corner frequency, and elevated levels of flicker noise very close-to-carrier. The applicability of the presented phase-noise model is shown for three piezoelectric MEMS oscillators, producing a relative fitting error below 1% in all cases.
Genetic mapping in human and mouse of the locus encoding TRBP, a protein that binds the TAR region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)

Productive infection with HIV-1, the virus responsible for AIDS, requires the involvement of host cell factors for completion of the replicative cycle, but the identification of these factors and elucidation of their specific functions has been difficult. A human cDNA, TRBP, was recently cloned and characterized as a positive regulator of gene expression that binds to the TAR region of the HIV-1 genome. Here we demonstrate that this factor is encoded by a gene, TARBP2, that maps to human chromosome 12 and mouse chromosome 15, and we also identify and map one human pseudogene (TARBP2P) and two mouse TRBP-related sequences (Tarbp2-rs1, Tarbp2-rs2). The map location of the expressed gene identifies it as a candidate for the previously identified factor encoded on human chromosome 12 that has been shown to be important for expression of HIV-1 genes. Western blotting indicates that despite high sequence conservation in human and mouse, the TARBP2 protein differs in apparent size in primate and rodent cells.
My Family Matters Gender and Perceived Support for Family Commitments and Satisfaction in Academia Among Postdocs and Faculty in STEMM and Non-STEMM Fields

One reason for women’s absence in science, technology, engineering, math, and medical science (STEMM) disciplines is the perceived incompatibility of having a family and a science career. However, little is known about the climate surrounding support for balancing work and family responsibilities for STEMM and non-STEMM scholars at the postdoctoral training level. In Study 1, we examined the relationship between STEMM and non-STEMM postdocs’ perceived family-friendly climate, job satisfaction, and workplace belonging (N = 553). In Study 2, we examined the relationship between a broad range of tenure-track faculty members’ family-friendly climate, job satisfaction, and workplace belonging (N = 385). Hierarchical multiple regression results indicated that perceived institutional support for family commitments was linked with job satisfaction and sense of belonging for men and women in faculty and postdoctoral training positions in both STEMM and non-STEMM fields. In addition, for STEMM postdocs (but not for...
In the shadow of academic medical centers: a systematic review of urban health research in Baltimore City.

The city of Baltimore is a typical, large, urban center in the United States with several major academic medical institutions surrounded by disadvantaged neighborhoods with multiple poor health indices. In order to understand the extent to which academic research agendas reflect the health concerns of Baltimore’s local population, a systematic review was conducted to identify research about four key, health-related topic areas. We classified papers on: disease prevalence and health status, utilization of health services, population-based interventions, and the unmet health needs of Baltimore City residents. Approximately 4,150 citations were identified in the search and two levels of screening yielded a total of 288 papers. The majority of articles (n = 189) examined prevalence of health conditions such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), mental health and mental disorders, and sexually transmitted diseases. Papers about specific target populations focused primarily on adults, African Americans, and females. Despite a significant body of research concerning several health conditions and priority populations, significant gaps in knowledge about health services utilization, community interventions, unmet health needs, and the prevalence of specific health issues remain. This review provides valuable insight into the extent of health research conducted about the city of Baltimore and whether community health priorities have been investigated. It provides a basis for examining the potential directions of academic research centers to effectively identify and address collective, urban health priorities of the communities in which they reside.
Introduction: Communication and Health Care Disparities

There are striking racial and class-based disparities in health care. Racial and ethnic inequalities remain when socioeconomic factors are parceled out. Such inequities are profoundly disturbing in the United States, given the nation's philosophical commitment to equality. Communication can play an important part in reducing health care inequities. This introductory article discusses contributions communication can make, briefly summarizes the cross-disciplinary articles in this issue, and describes challenges that lie ahead.
Revised hydrolysis constants for thallium(I) and thallium(III) and the environmental implications.

ABSTRACT The hydrolysis constants for Tl(I) and Tl(III) have been determined by combining potentiometric measurement with the PKAS computer program. The log hydrolysis constants (Kh) for Tl(I)(OH)i-1 i + H2O u Tl(I)(OH)i 1-i + H+ have been determined to be -11.7, and those for Tl(III)(OH)i-1 4-i + H2O u Tl(III)(OH)i 3-i + H+ are -2.69, -6.36, -7.42, and -8.78, respectively. The corresponding stepwise association constant for monovalent thallium is 102.3 for Tl(OH), and those for triva-lent thallium are 1011.31 for Tl(OH)2+, 107.64 for Tl(OH)2+, 106.58 for Tl(OH)3aq and 105.22 for Tl(OH)4 -. The solubility product (Ksp) for solid Tl(OH)3,Solid has been redeter-mined to be 10-45.2, implying that it is one of the least soluble among metal hydroxides. Revised fields of predominance of Tl(I) and Tl(III) hydroxides in aquatic environment are described, and the importance of Tl(III)/Tl(I) redox couple in the cycling of thallium is discussed.
Retrospective characterization of airway reversibility in patients with asthma responsive to bronchodilators.

ABSTRACTBackground: National and international asthma guidelines recommend the use of reversibility to assist in the diagnosis of asthma.Scope: This retrospective pooled analysis assessed the reversibility characteristics of a large cohort of patients (n = 30 816) selected from 106 clinical trials conducted by GlaxoSmithKline in which bronchodilator reversibility (≥ 12%) was required for participation in the trials.Findings: Patients (n = 1434) with a baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between 40% and < 50% at screening had a mean reversibility of 42% and those (n = 550) with a baseline FEV1 between 90% and < 100% had a mean reversibility of 18%. In general, the lower the patient's baseline lung function, the higher the reversibility. Further, in a subset of studies (n = 7; 1477 patients) that provided reversibility data at study baseline and endpoint, the mean reversibility for patients receiving placebo or fluticasone propionate (FP) was 26%. At study completion, nearly 30% fewer patie...
The employment effects of a central city's source-based wage tax or hybrid wage tax

Abstract This paper considers the employment effects of a central city's wage tax. The tax will normally decrease employment in the central city and increase employment in the suburbs. The magnitude of the effects depends on the exact type of wage tax that the central city imposes (the tax rates on central-city residents who work in the central city, on central-city residents who work in the suburbs, and on suburbanites who work in the central city), on a production function, on a commuting cost parameter, and on a multinomial-logit-choice parameter.
Dominant processes in the reaction πp → π−π−π+p at 3.9 GeV/c☆☆☆

Abstract New experimental results are reported for 7975 events of the type π − p → π − π − π + p at 3.9 GeV / c . A model based on pion exchange, rho exchange and diffraction dissociation is demonstrated to explain all the main features of the data. Only the relative amount of each of five dominant resonance production processes was varied in a maximum likelihood fit with no background assumed to the resonance amplitude in a given process. No form factors, absorption or off-mass-shell corrections were used. The model is consistent, by duality, with the multiperipheral models used at higher energies. Background resulting from the kinematic reflections of the competing processes are shown to produce profound effects. Diffraction dissociation is found to be equal in strength to pion exchange at this energy, and accounts for the A 1 (1070) enhancement in our data without a resonance pole. Evidence for the production of the resonant state N ∗ (1460) by diffraction dissociation, and its cascade decay through ▵ ++ π − , is presented.
Implementing preventive services. Success and failure in an outpatient trial.

• Physicians endorse prevention but provide only low levels of screening, health counseling, and immunization. Between 1981 and 1986, a randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Seattle (Wash) Veterans Affairs Medical Center to assess the effectiveness of the following three methods of delivery of preventive services: (1) a physician-oriented model that includes education and motivation, a chart flowsheet listing recommended activities, and periodic feedback about performance; (2) a patient education model in which patients were mailed an informative brochure advising them to ask physicians for preventive services as depicted in a patient-held pocket guide; and (3) a health promotion clinic that patients were invited to attend. A control group received their usual care. A total of 1224 male outpatients were enrolled in the trial. Baseline prevention rates for 12 age-specific prevention activities were below 25%. Neither the control group rates during the 5-year trial nor the rates for the two educational models, either singly or as a combined intervention, changed. Only the health promotion clinic model was effective, tripling prevention rates in its first year and sustaining these levels for all 5 years. It is difficult to change the clinic roles of experienced physicians and their long-term patients in a specialized multiclinic setting. Providing a separate health promotion clinic option is popular with patients, bypasses gatekeeper barriers, is reasonable in cost, and warrants wider application. ( Arch Intern Med . 1990;150:2533-2541)
Suburban Municipalities: The Changing System of Intergovernmental Relations in the Mid-1970s

The mid-1970s was a period of rapid expansion in intergovernmental aid. With this expansion, two major issues emerged. One concerned targeting—the extent to which these new monies went to communiti...
Methods and theories in the experimental analysis of behavior

We owe most scientific knowledge to methods of inquiry that are never formally analyzed. The analysis of behavior does not call for hypothetico-deductive methods. Statistics, taught in lieu of scientific method, is incompatible with major features of much laboratory research. Squeezing significance out of ambiguous data discourages the more promising step of scrapping the experiment and starting again. As a consequence, psychologists have taken flight from the laboratory. They have fled to Real People and the human interest of “real life,” to Mathematical Models and the elegance of symbolic treatments, to the Inner Man and the explanatory preoccupation with inferred internal mechanisms, and to Laymanship and its appeal to “common sense.” An experimental analysis provides an alternative to these divertissements.The “theories” to which objection is raised here are not the basic assumptions essential to any scientific activity or statements that are not yet facts, but rather explanations which appeal to events taking place somewhere else, at some other level of observation, described in different terms, and measured, if at all, in different dimensions. Three types of learning theories satisfy this definition: physiological theories attempting to reduce behavior to events in the nervous system; mentalistic theories appealing to inferred inner events; and theories of the Conceptual Nervous System offered as explanatory models of behavior. It would be foolhardy to deny the achievements of such theories in the history of science. The question of whether they are necessary, however, has other implications.Experimental material in three areas illustrates the function of theory more concretely. Alternatives to behavior ratios, excitatory potentials, and so on demonstrate the utility of rate or probability of response as the basic datum in learning. Functional relations between behavior and environmental variables provide an account of why learning occurs. Activities such as preferring, choosing, discriminating, and matching can be dealt with solely in terms of behavior, without referring to processes in another dimensional system. The experiments are not offered as demonstrating that theories are not necessary but to suggest an alternative. Theory is possible in another sense. Beyond the collection of uniform relationships lies the need for a formal representation of the data reduced to a minimal number of terms. A theoretical construction may yield greater generality than any assemblage of facts; such a construction will not refer to another dimensional system.
Boron-based anion receptors in lithium-ion and metal-air batteries

Boron-based anion receptors, widely used as biosensors, are currently being explored as electrolyte-additives in lithium ion batteries and metal-air batteries, towards the goal of realizing high voltage, high energy density batteries. The potential advantage of the boron-based anion receptors as electrolyte-additives is to improve the lithium ion or metal-air battery cell cycle performance, and increase lithium ion transference numbers and ionic conductivity. These anion receptors also have unique characteristics that facilitate in maintaining a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at the electrode surface. In this comprehensive review, we have outlined the synthesis, computational studies, and applications of various classes of boron-based anion receptors in lithium ion and metal-air batteries.
Operator algebra for propagation problems involving phase conjugation and nonreciprocal elements

A self-consistent formalism is developed for treating propagation of beams in situations which include phase conjugation and nonreciprocal elements. Two equivalent field representations, the rectangular polarization and the circular polarization representation, are considered, and the rules for transforming between them are derived. An example involving a proposed new current fiber sensor is analyzed using the formalism.
Phase I–II study of radiolabeled antibody integrated in the treatment of primary hepatic malignancies

Abstract Primary intrahepatic malignancies have been demonstrated to contain tumor associated antigens which bind radiolabelled anti-CEA and anti-ferritin antibodies. The present study reports the toxicity and possible therapeutic efficacy of radiolabelled antibodies that were administered at 50 and 100 millicurie doses following combination radiation and chemotherapy. Three of 10 patients who entered into the study completed therapy on schedule and have had remissions of 7, 9, and 18 months; 2 of the 3 patients were alive at 1 and 2 years after treatment. Of 5 patients who were administered radioimmunoglobulin, the singular toxicity was 3 weeks of marrow hypoplasia in one patient who susequently recovered. The remaining 5 patients were at various stages of protocol treatment prior to immunoglobulin treatment. Eight of the 10 patients have had computer analysis of sequential computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans obtained during the course of therapy and at follow up examination. No major organ toxicity was noted. Clinical remissions were documented by computer analysis of the CAT scans to determine the percent of residual tumor.
Using panel data to determine the effect of advertising on brand-level distilled spirits sales

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect that brand-level advertising has on brand-level spirits demand. Methods: Using a panel data set consisting of 16 brands and 14 years of data, a fixed effects model of brand-level spirits demand was estimated. Results: It was found that own-brand advertising, income, rival-brand price, a time trend and brand loyalty all have a significant effect on brand-level spirits demand. Conclusions: These results indicate that brand-level spirits advertising results only in brand switching and does not increase the overall size of the market.
Inhibitors of GSK-3 prevent corticosterone from inducing COX-1 expression in cardiomyocytes.

Our recent study has demonstrated that glucocorticoids (GCs) induce cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) gene expression in rat cardiomyocytes. While investigating the mechanism underlying corticosterone (CT) induced COX-1, we found that three structurally and mechanistically distinct GSK-3 inhibitors, LiCl, SB216763, and (2′Z,3′E)-6-Bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO), inhibited COX-1 transcription and protein induction. A genetic approach of expressing wild type GSK-3β increased COX-1 promoter activity, which was abolished by LiCl. LiCl increased inhibitory GSK-3α/β phosphorylation at Ser21/Ser9, while BIO or SB216763 prevented stimulatory phosphorylation at Tyr279/Tyr216 of GSK-3α/β. GSK inhibitors failed to block nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) or activation of glucocorticoid response element (GRE) by CT treatment. While Sp3 transcription factor mediates CT induced COX-1 expression, GSK inhibitors did not change the level of Sp3 protein or binding of Sp3 transcription factor to COX-1 promoter. The observed effect of GSK-3 inhibitors appears to be unique to COX-1 since LiCl or BIO does not prevent CT from inducing COX-2 gene. We conclude that GSK-3 inhibitors block CT from inducing COX-1 gene expression via a mechanism beyond GR and Sp3 transcription factor.
Panel: Engineering and development: Facilitating successful project work in diverse global contexts

Over the last decade, a growing number of initiatives have emerged to provide engineering students, faculty, and professionals with opportunities to work on service-oriented projects in developing contexts. And while these courses and programs provide needed resources and services to communities in far-flung locations, they also pose unique challenges and difficulties. For example, projects of this type often require knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are not typically covered in traditional engineering courses nor possessed by many faculty. Additionally, there is growing recognition regarding the need to predict and evaluate the full range of impacts that student projects have on partner communities — both positive and negative. This panel engages these kinds of challenges by bringing together a group of individuals with extensive experience preparing engineering students for project work in developing contexts. In addition to representing programs at four institutions (Colorado School of Mines, Michigan Technological University, Purdue University, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute), the presenters are involved with a host of related national and international initiatives. Each panelist will give an overview of their efforts, with particular emphasis on observed successes and failures, conceptual hurdles faced by students and professionals, pedagogical approaches employed, and most useful resources. The primary audience for this panel includes faculty, staff, and students who lead, support, and/or study global service learning. To enable a more engaging, interactive, and productive session, ample time will be provided to allow attendees to describe their own experiences, share resources, and pose questions. The primary intent of the panel is to help university students, faculty, and staff be more effective when undertaking engineering work in developing contexts. including by promoting scholarly community and collaboration, sharing resources, and seeding new research initiatives.
Perceptions of intergroup tipping differences, discriminatory service, and tip earnings among restaurant servers

Abstract In addition to encouraging good service, there are concerns that the custom of tipping may also motivate restaurant servers to discriminate in their service delivery by giving relatively less attention to members of groups thought to be poor tippers. Surprisingly, however, there is a notable scarcity of studies that have directly assessed the relationship between the custom of tipping and discriminatory restaurant service. Further, to the degree that servers discriminate in response to their predictions of customers’ tipping intentions they are presumed do so in order to maximize their tip earnings and yet there have been limited attempts to directly assess the efficacy of discrimination as a profit maximizing strategy. In response, this study analyzes data ( n = 954) from a large online survey of current and former restaurant servers to explore the relationships between perceptions of intergroup tipping differences, discriminatory service, and tip earnings. Results indicate that servers’ who harbor negative attitudes about customer types stereotypically thought to be poor tippers are also more likely to report that they discriminate in their service delivery. Harboring stereotypic attitudes towards customer aggregates thought to be especially good tippers, however, was not found to be predictive of service discrimination. Further, in contrast to popular beliefs this study's results suggest that discriminatory service in response to servers’ a priori predictions of customers tipping intentions may not be an effective way for servers to enhance their tip earnings.
Synthesis of [75Se]trimethylselenonium iodide from [75Se]selenocystine.

Abstract The synthesis of [ 75 Se]trimethylselenonium iodide from [ 75 Se]selenocystine is described. The starting compound is reduced to [ 75 Se]selenocysteine with borohydride and reacted with methyl iodide to form [ 75 Se] Se -methyl-selenocysteine, then treated with methyl iodide in formic acid solution to form Se -dimethyl-selenocysteine selenonium iodile. Over a period of days, the selenonium intermediate undergoes spontaneous elimination to form alanine and dimethyl selenide, which reacts with methyl iodide to give the trimethylselenonium product in over 90% yield.
Steam Injection in Medium-BTU Gas-Fueled, High Temperature Combined Cycle Power Plants

The potential benefits of steam injection into the combustion chamber of a medium-Btu gas-fueled, high temperature gas turbine combined cycle power plant have been investigated. The study focused on using steam injection for power augmentation during periods when the power plant was either operated on high-Btu fuel or operated on a hot day with its normal medium-Btu fuel. A steam injection ratio (steam/combustion air) of 0.06 could restore the 10.8-percent power loss incurred by the plant when operated on natural gas. A steam injection ratio of 0.08 could restore the 14.2-percent power loss incurred on a 100°F (37.8°C) day. Overall plant water consumption remains relatively unchanged during periods of steam injection because reductions in cooling tower makeup requirements tend to offset the water lost by steam injection.Copyright © 1982 by ASME
Rate dependence of swelling in lithium-ion cells

Abstract Swelling of a commercial 5 Ah lithium-ion cell with a nickel/manganese/cobalt-oxide cathode is investigated as a function of the charge state and the charge/discharge rate. In combination with sensitive displacement measurements, knowledge of the electrode configuration within this prismatic cell's interior allows macroscopic deformations of the casing to be correlated to electrochemical and mechanical transformations in individual anode/separator/cathode layers. Thermal expansion and interior charge state are both found to cause significant swelling. At low rates, where thermal expansion is negligible, the electrode sandwich dilates by as much as 1.5% as the charge state swings from 0% to 100% because of lithium-ion intercalation. At high rates a comparably large residual swelling was observed at the end of discharge. Thermal expansion caused by joule heating at high discharge rate results in battery swelling. The changes in displacement with respect to capacity at low rate correlate well with the potential changes known to accompany phase transitions in the electrode materials. Although the potential response changes minimally with the C-rate, the extent of swelling varies significantly, suggesting that measurements of swelling may provide a sensitive gauge for characterizing dynamic operating states.
Inhibition of inflammatory response in beta-irradiated skin.

SummaryTreatment of rat skin with beta rays depresses the local reaction to certain inflammatory stimuli. Response to histamine is not inhibited but the histamine liberator 48-80 fails to elicit a response within a few hours after irradiation. Histamine content of the skin is not diminished after beta irradiation. The results shown above suggest that beta rays act by interfering with a tissue protease system which plays an important role in the mechanism of inflammation. The inflammation-inhibiting action of beta rays may be applied to the early detection of radiation injury.
Paralinguistic aspects of auditory comprehension in aphasia.

Abstract Eight severe aphasics were given sentences with either emotional or neutral content, presented once directly by the examiner and once via a tape recorder. Sentences with emotional content produced a greater number of responses than their neutral counterparts. Sentences spoken by the examiner also produced a significantly greater number of responses than the same items originating from a tape recorder. These results confirm the view that elements not related to the linguistic aspects of a message (and therefore referred to as paralinguistic) play a significant role in auditory comprehension.
Self-Guiding of the Laser in High Harmonic Generation

We measure the spatial evolution of a laser pulse used to generate high harmonics in a helium-filled cell. Best phase matching occurs in the region between double foci, associated with laser filamentation.
Impact of selective process bias (SPB) of interconnects on circuit delay

Interconnect parasitics are playing an increasingly important role in circuit performance as we move into the nanometer era of semiconductor technology. Hence accounting for interconnect process effects such as selective process bias (SPB) is becoming important for accurate circuit performance simulations. In this paper, the impact of SPB on circuit delay is demonstrated by studying its effect on capacitance, resistance, ring oscillator speed, and delay of commonly used ASIC cells. Simulations with and without SPB and comparison to measurements of ring oscillator structures in 90 nm process technology show how accounting for SPB increases the accuracy in prediction of ring oscillator speed.
Relation of new and old formulas for estimating creatinine clearance among stroke survivors.

Objective: To assess whether the newly proposed formula for estimating glomerular filtration function (GFR) – the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equation – would be materially distinct from the established Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in diagnosing chronic kidney disease (CKD) among US stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999–2004, a nationally representative sample of adults from the United States, were used to assess the correlation between the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations among persons aged ≧55 years who had experienced a prior stroke. CKD was defined as GFR 2. Results: Among 6,382 adults, 5,321 (83%) had full and complete data. With MDRD, 20.4% of the sample had CKD vs. 19.4% using the CKD-EPI. There was 97.7% agreement between MDRD and CKD-EPI using the 60 ml/min/ 1.73 m2 cutoff point. The correlation between both equations was extremely high (r = 0.954). Conclusion: The newly developed CKD-EPI equation is very highly correlated to the more established MDRD formula and does not materially change CKD diagnosis made by the latter among persons with a history of stroke.
Ab initio and DFT conformational studies of propanal, 2-butanone, and analogous imines and enamines

The potential energy surfaces (PES) of 2-butanone, 2-butanimine, 1-butenamine, propanal, and propanimine have been explored with ab initio and DFT calculations at the RHF/6-311G**, MP2/6-311G**, and B3LYP/6-311G** levels of theory. In agreement with previous experimental and computational results, the PES provides two minima for each of the above molecules with the exception of 2-butanone, which clearly shows three distinct minima. Factors influencing the conformational preferences are also elaborated. Our calculations suggest that for 2-butanone and propanal, the steric and the bond dipole interactions are primarily responsible for the conformational preferences of these compounds. Additional charge-charge interactions might also play an important role in determining the imine conformations. For enamines, however, steric interactions play a critical role, with bond dipole interactions exerting some influence. Our results also suggest that for imine formation from butanone and/or propanal, the imine is the predominant product, not the enamine, which is consistent with experimental observations. Therefore, these calculations should provide a better understanding of the ketone/aldehyde to imine and enamine transformations. This transformation may introduce an important imine moiety for the analogues of trans-N-methyl-4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine (NVP), a choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) inhibitor.
Some properties of circular waveguides containing ferrites

The paper describes some results of an experimental investigation of the propagation behaviour of circular waveguides containing longitudinally magnetized ferrite rods. Measurements have been made at 9.250kMc/s using nickel–zinc ferrite. Reasonable correlation is obtained between experimental and theoretical results for the limiting cases of the thin ferrite rod and the waveguide completely filled with ferrite. Factors determining the propagation behaviour in the partially filled waveguide are discussed and illustrated by experimental results. The dependence of propagation behaviour on ferrite-rod diameter is studied in detail using polystyrene foam and polystyrene as supporting media.
Stability of optimum linear estimators of stochastic signals in white multiplicative noise

Conditions for uniform asymptotic stability in the large of the optimal minimum mean-square error linear filter are developed for linear systems whose observations are corrupted by white multiplicative noise in addition to white additive noise. Both discrete-time as well as continuous-time systems are considered. The multiplicative noise model may be useful in problems associated with phenomena such as fading, or reflection of the transmitted signal from the ionosphere, and also certain situations involving sampling, gating, or amplitude modulation. Conditions for existence, uniqueness, and stability of the steady-state optimal filter are also considered for time-invariant systems.
Beyond the Code of Ethics, Part I: Complexities of Ethical Decision Making in Social Work Practice:

The authors have acquired experience in, and opinions on, ethical decision making while serving on a (U.S.) National Association of Social Workers (NASW) peer consultation ethics call line. The authors agree with scholars who view all human perceptions and activities as shaped by values, with the concurrent need to become more self-conscious about the ethical dimension of our daily life and professional practice. It is argued that our social work code of ethics is a necessary but insufficient tool for ethical decision making. The Code of Ethics (National Association of Social Workers, 1996) is frequently used as a risk management tool, offering guidelines for practice which may or may not be compatible with the goals of social justice for which social work ideally stands. Additionally, the unique and unexpected ways ethical issues emerge in clinical practice work against attempts to apply the Code as a rule book. Distinctions between ethical, legal, and clinical issues are difficult, given that the two la...