cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An early sex difference in the relation between mental rotation and object preference.

Accumulating evidence suggests that males outperform females on mental rotation tasks as early as infancy. Sex differences in object preference have also been shown to emerge early in development and precede sex-typed play in childhood. Although research with adults and older children is suggestive of a relationship between play preferences and visuospatial abilities, including mental rotation, little is known about the developmental origins of this relationship. The present study compared mental rotation ability and object preference in 6- to 13-month-old infants. We used a novel paradigm to examine individual differences in infants’ mental rotation abilities as well as their differential preference for one of two sex-typed objects. A sex difference was found on both tasks, with boys showing an advantage in performance on the mental rotation task and exhibiting greater visual attention to the male-typed object (i.e., a toy truck) than to the female-typed object (i.e., a doll) in comparison to girls. Moreover, we found a relation between mental rotation and object preference that varied by sex. Greater visual interest in the male-typed object was related to greater mental rotation performance in boys, but not in girls. Possible explanations related to perceptual biases, prenatal androgen exposure, and experiential influences for this sex difference are discussed.
A 1 Gbit/s Partially Unrolled Architecture of Hash Functions SHA-1 and SHA-512

Hash functions are among the most widespread cryptographic primitives, and are currently used in multiple cryptographic schemes and security protocols, such as IPSec and SSL. In this paper, we investigate a new hardware architecture for a family of dedicated hash functions, including American standards SHA-1 and SHA-512. Our architecture is based on unrolling several message digest steps and executing them in one clock cycle. This modification permits implementing majority of dedicated hash functions with the throughput exceeding 1 Gbit/s using medium-size Xilinx Virtex FPGAs. In particular, our new architecture has enabled us to speed up the implementation of SHA-1 compared to the basic iterative architecture from 544 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s using Xilinx XCV1000. The implementation of SHA-512 has been sped up from 717 to 929 Mbit/s for Virtex FPGAs, and exceeded 1 Gbit/s for Virtex-E Xilinx FPGAs.
Theory of the GaInAs/AlInAs-doped quantum well APD: A new low-noise solid-state photodetector for lightwave communication systems

We present calculations of the electron and hole ionization coefficients, the excess noise factor, and gain for a doped quantum well APD made from the Al 0.48 In 0.52 As/Ga 0.47 In 0.53 As material systems. The ionization rates are calculated based on an ensemble Monte Carlo method. The effect of all of the device parameters, i.e., doping concentrations, layer widths, and the overall dc bias field, on the carrier ionization coefficients and the deterministic ionization probabilities, P and Q , is determined. These results in conjunction with recent noise theory results are utilized to determine an optimal device design that provides high gain at very low noise. A complete design including number of stages and individual stage design is presented for the lowest noise, highest gain device realizable in this system. It is anticipated that this device can be used as a new ultralow-noise high-gain receiver in lightwave communications systems.
The Role of Institutional Agents in Promoting Transfer Access.

A growing body of research points to the important role played by “institutional agents” in facilitating college access and success for students from non-dominant racial-ethnic and low socioeconomic status groups. Applying attachment theory, this study adds to that literature by demonstrating how institutional agents can provide a secure base, in a psychological sense, for such low-status college students in the United States to make successful postsecondary transitions and develop collegiate identities. Based on the life stories of 10 low-status students who successfully transferred from a community college to a selective college or university, our narrative analysis depicts the students’ collegiate identity development and how college practitioners in positions of authority were instrumental in raising their collegiate aspirations. The results demonstrate the role of college practitioners in facilitating students’ postsecondary transitions and warrant the professional development of faculty and administrators as institutional agents. We conclude by providing resources for practitioners to develop their professional knowledge and capacity to act as institutional agents.
Calculation of refractive index around a hypersonic vehicle with infrared sensors

The disturbed gas envelope around a hypersonic vehicle which carries an infrared sensor is shown. The envelope contains a compressed hot gas and plasma produced by the ionization of the gas constituents. Both gas and plasma surrounding the sensors have high densities, resulting in a sharp density gradient at the shock wave in front of the vehicle. The density gradients inside the envelope act like a multiple-lens system which refracts optical rays in the medium. Plasma effects are important only in the nose-cone region where temperatures and the densities of the compressed gas are high. In regions far from the nose-cone, plasma effects are negligible. The relative effects of the gas and the plasma on the refractive index are as follows. At low Mach numbers, the gas effects are more significant than the plasma effects. At high Mach numbers, this situation is reversed. By comparing the effects of plasma based on the ionizations obtained from Saha's equation and the CFD code, it was found that transport effects make use of the Saha equation less reliable for estimating the refractive index due to the plasma. >
User authentication in the public areas of academic libraries in north carolina

The clash of principles between protecting privacy and protecting security can create an impasse between libraries, campus IT departments, and academic administration over authentication issues with the public area PCs in the library. This research takes an in-depth look at the state of authentication practices within a specific region (i.e. all the academic libraries in North Carolina) in an attempt to create a profile of those libraries that choose to authenticate or not. The researchers reviewed an extensive amount of data to identify the factors involved with this decision.
Development of a Nurse Staffing Model to Accurately Reflect Complexity and Intensity of Patient Care Needs in an Urban Academic Medical Center

Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program Our current staffing model, based on nursing hours per birth, does not accurately forecast registered nurse (RN) staffing needs during a 24‐hour period. Researchers have shown that the number of nurses may influence perinatal outcomes, which highlights the need to accurately project appropriate staffing. Perinatal outcomes are influenced by adequate staffing. Proposed Change To identify a staffing model for our labor and delivery area that more accurately matched actual patient care needs. Academic medical centers (AMC) pose a unique staffing challenge because of the larger percentage of patients without adequate prenatal care and complex medical comorbidities. Our current productivity statistic that drives nurse staffing is number of births per day, which does not account for acuity or intensity of care. Eleven percent of patients are unaccounted for in our current model because their stays do not result in birth, yet they require nursing care (e.g., trauma, preterm labor). Variation also exists in intensity of care for a subset of women that lack adequate prenatal care and who have complex medical comorbidities. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Wilson and Blegen developed a staffing model that provides a standardized measurement of nursing productivity, skill mix, and workload intensity that can be used to measure and evaluate outcomes. Based on their model, we captured the amount and intensity of nursing care using the following calculation of total hours of care needed in a 24‐hour period: number of births x standardized nursing workload allotted to each birth, labor evaluations/obstetric patients whose stays did not result in birth, and labor and delivery operating room time. During the month of April 2014, we tested our present model against the more comprehensive one developed by Wilson and Blegen and found that their model better captured the complexity and intensity of nursing care needs in our patient population. When we applied the Wilson and Blegen model to our data, we demonstrated a negative variance to budget of 6% rather than the actual budget overage of 8%. Implications for Nursing Practice In summary, this model provides a way to accurately forecast RN staffing requirements based on patient care needs in our labor and delivery unit. Next steps involve application of this model for budget planning and development of tools for charge nurses to ensure appropriate staffing in real time.
Further studies on lathyrism in the rat.

Summary1. Male rats injected subcutaneously with β-aminopropionitrile and aminoacetonitrile developed the same skeletal lesions of lathyrism as did those fed these compounds. 2. Methyleneaminoacetonitrile fed to rats produced very severe skeletal lesions and is probably more active than the aminoacetonitrile. 3. Diets high in casein, gelatin, vit. E. and other antioxidants did not protect the rats fed Lathyrus odoratus seeds from developing skeletal lesions. 4. Radio-autographs of the skeleton after injection of S35 and studies on sulfur excretion of rats fed Lathyrus odoratus peas and rats fed a control diet showed that the metabolism of sulfur is probably not altered in lathyrism.
III. The influence of the pancreas on the util ization of foodstuffs

The influence of experimental pancreatic deficiency on the utilization of food by dogs was determined. Following either complete pancreatectomy, the pro-duction of a complete pancreatic fistula or evulsion of the pancreatic ducts, there was a marked loss of fat and carbohydrate in the feces. An increased excretion of fecal nitrogen was related to the increased bulk of the feces which was less when diets rich in protein were employed. The loss of utilization of fat and carbohydrate appeared immediately following removal of the pancreas or the production of a complete pancreatic fistula. Such loss was not seen in dogs following evulsion of the pancreatic ducts; in them it came only after several weeks had elapsed. The gradual failure of food utilization in these animals appeared to parallel the degenerative changes which occurred in the acinar tissue of the pancreas. It would appear that enzymes sufficient for the normal utilization of foodstuffs may be absorbed from the obstructed pancreatic ducts. Incomplete pancreatic fistulas or incomplete evulsion of the pancreatic ducts produced no detectable alteration in the utilization of food. Gross alterations of the digestive functions appear only in the complete absence of the external pancreatic secretion, and small amounts of pancreas are adequate to maintain complete digestion.
Stability and function of mengovirus RNA in cell-free protein synthesis

Abstract Cell-free protein synthesis utilizing mengovirus RNA as message occurs on large (200S) polyribosomes similar in size to polyribosomes formed by viral message in intact Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells. However, most viral RNA in the cell-free system is not associated with rapidly sedimenting structure, but rather sediments in a 40S peak. As measured by function, viral RNA is remarkably stable to incubation in the cell lysate. Message function is preserved for over 30 min under conditions where synthesis is reversibly blocked by lack of ATP and GTP. However, 40% of added radioactively-labeled viral RNA is rapidly adsorbed onto the incubation vessel. These results indicate that viral RNA as isolated may seem homogenous by sedimentation, yet be functionally heterogenous, as measured by stability and by involvement in protein synthesis.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Megakaryocyte-Associated Antigens on CD34 Cells and Their Progeny in Liquid Culture

Three-color flow cytometry was used to analyze the coexpression of surface antigens on megakaryocytes (MKs) developing in liquid cultures of enriched CD34+ cells purified from cord blood. Cells were cultured in serum-replete medium sup- plemented with interleukin 3 (IL-3), stem cell factor and IL-6. During two weeks of culture, total cells increased 76 ± 36-fold. CD34+ cells maximally expanded between days 2 and 4, and then gradu- ally decreased to their original input numbers by day 14. As CD34+ cells declined, MKs, defined as glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa+ cells, steadily increased in culture 20.9 ± 18.3-fold. Megakaryopoiesis was fur- ther defined by monitoring the expression of GPs IIb, IIIa, Ib, IbIX, and IIIb and c-kit antigen. Increased expression of GPs IIbIIIa and IIb occurred earliest in culture, followed by IIIa and Ib, and then IbIX. Expression of IIIb, also found on monocytes, did not parallel that of the other anti- gens except when coexpressed on IIbIIIa + cells. c-kit expression paralleled that of CD34 until the second week of culture when expression was high on nonMKs. Each of these antigens was coexpressed on CD34+ cells and identified a subset of late MK progenitors that increased steadily in culture. Triple- labeled cells expressing CD34, IIbIIIa and a third MK-related antigen were seen at all times. Polyploid MKs of up to 32N were observed during the second week of culture. Multiparametric flow cytometry proved to be a rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantitating the changes in antigen expression of differentiating MKs. Stem Cells 1996;4:320-329
Z-myotomy of the inferior oblique for small incomitant hypertropias.

Background Small hypertropic deviations due to inferior oblique muscle overaction may cause symptomatic diplopia and frustration because incomitant deviations render prism correction unsatisfactory. The several most common surgical options for inferior oblique weakening risk overcorrection of these smaller deviations. In this study we report the results of a "Z-myotomy" of the inferior oblique muscle to correct small incomitant hypertropias due to mildly overacting inferior oblique muscle. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent inferior oblique Z-myotomy at a single center from 2000 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had a mildly overacting inferior oblique (≤+2) and demonstrated fusion. All patients were diplopic, which was the indication for surgery. Pre- and postoperative deviation was measured and ocular motility was assessed. Results A total of 38 patients were included. Of these, 24 underwent unilateral inferior oblique Z-myotomy; 5, bilateral Z-myotomy; 5, simultaneous contralateral inferior rectus recession; and 4, simultaneous contralateral inferior oblique recession. In most cases the postoperative measurements demonstrated an almost complete "collapse" of the strabismus pattern. On average, a Z-myotomy procedure required 5-7 minutes to perform. There were no intraoperative complications or deviation overcorrections. Conclusions The inferior oblique Z-myotomy is a straightforward, quick, sutureless procedure. It can serve as an effective alternative weakening procedure for normalization of ductions in cases of minimally overacting inferior oblique muscle with small incomitant hypertropias. The risk for symptomatic overcorrection is very small.
Joint encryption error correction and modulation (JEEM) scheme

The major challenges facing resource constrained wireless devices are error resilience, security, and speed. In order to address these challenges, we present a physical layer encryption scheme that is capable of providing data reliability, secrecy and integrity. In addition, the scheme is also able to modulate the data. We construct joint encryption, error correction and modulation scheme to facilitate secure, reliable and efficient data transmission. This scheme is based on McEliece public key cryptosystem.
Theoretical examination of assumptions commonly used for the gas phase surrounding a burning droplet

A finite reaction-rate model is compared to three commonly used flame-sheet models. The latter differ in their treatment of the evaporation from the surface and the value used for the molecular weights in the evaporation law. All four models are applicable to both steady and unsteady burning of droplets. Further, they account for variations of droplet radii and allow for differences in ambient conditions. Numerical results (obtained forn-decane) show that if the radius of the droplet is 10^(−2) cm the thin-flame approximation is excellent at 10 atm if the droplet surface temperature is not close to either the boiling point or the ambient temperature. However, this approximation is unacceptable at 1 atm. Among the three flame-sheet models, the one using non equilibrium evaporation at the surface and individual molecular weights best approximates the finite reaction-rate theory. However, this agreement breaks down for smaller droplets with lower surface temperatures, or for air with a larger oxygen content. These conclusions are independent of the chosen kinetics. The Clausius-Clapeyron approximation is shown to be excellent away from the boiling point for R = 10^(−2) cm. However, as the droplet surface temperature approaches the boiling point, or the droplet radius decreases, this assumption leads to considerable errors in the evaporation rate and also distortion of the thermal layer. Even larger errors are obtained when an average molecular weight is used. Here, large underestimates of the evaporation rate and great distortions of the thermal layer of the droplet are obtained. In spite of these errors, all models agree well at wet-bulb conditions.
Stick to your guns

Climate scientists should not be apologising for their errors when they could win hearts and minds by patient explanation
Mechanical properties of aluminum electric bus

Data concerning the mechanical properties of aluminum bus are supplied together with a detailed discussion of a number of recent tests and a brief summary of previous tests.
Advances in Target Design for Heavy-Ion Fusion

Over the past few years, the emphasis in heavy ion target design has moved from the distributed radiator target to the 'hybrid' target because the hybrid target allows a larger beam focal spot than the distributed radiator (∼5 mm radius rather than ∼2 mm radius). The larger spot relaxes some of the requirements on the driver, but introduces some new target physics issues. Most notable is the use of shine shields and shims in the hohlraum to achieve symmetry rather than achieving symmetry by beam placement. The shim is a thin layer of material placed on or near the capsule surface to block a small amount of excess radiation. While we have been developing this technique for the heavy ion hybrid target, the technique can also be used in any indirect drive target. We have begun testing the concept of a shim to improve symmetry using a double-ended z-pinch hohlraum on the Sandia Z-machine. Experiments using shimmed thin wall capsules have shown that we can reverse the sign of a P 2 asymmetry and significantly reduce the size of a P 4 asymmetry. These initial experiments demonstrate the concept of a shim as another method for controlling early time asymmetries in ICF capsules.
A SINGLE NONPOLAR RESIDUE IN THE DEEP PORE OF RELATED K+ CHANNELS ACTS AS A K+-RB+ CONDUCTANCE SWITCH

K+ and Rb+ conductances (GK+ and GRb+) were investigated in two delayed rectifier K+ channels (Kv2.1 and Kv3.1) cloned from rat brain and a chimera (CHM) of the two channels formed by replacing the putative pore region of Kv2.1 with that of Kv3.1. CHM displayed ion conduction properties which resembled Kv3.1. In CHM, GK+ was three times greater than that of Kv2.1 and GRb+/GK+ = 0.3 (compared with 1.5 and 0.7, respectively, in Kv2.1 and Kv3.1). A point mutation in CHM L374V, which restored 374 to its Kv2.1 identity, switched the K+/Rb+ conductance profiles so that GK+ was reduced fourfold, GRb+ was increased twofold, and GRb+/GK+ = 2.8. Quantitative restoration of the Kv2.1 K+/Rb+ profiles, however, required simultaneous point mutations at three nonadjacent residues suggesting the possibility of interactions between residues within the pore. The importance of leucine at position 374 was verified when reciprocal changes in K+/Rb+ conductances were produced by the mutation of V374L in Kv2.1 (GK+ was increased threefold, GRb+ was decreased threefold, and GRb+/GK+ = 0.2). We conclude that position 374 is responsible for differences in GK+ and GRb+ between Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 and, given its location near residues critical for block by internal tetraethylammonium, may be part of a cation binding site deep within the pore.
Use of MLR to Estimate Nutrient Distribution at Waste Management Sites—Preliminary Report

Soils data can be used to establish nutrient distribution at a selected site; however, soil sampling is labor intensive, costly, and selection of coring sites may be difficult. This study was conducted to determine if methods used in the management of saline soils can be applied to a vegetative treatment area (VTA) utilized to control feedlot runoff. Soil conductivity maps were generated at a VTA site. A program, ESAP, developed by the Soil Salinity Lab at Riverside, CA was used to: 1) determine soil core locations, 2) generate nutrient specific predictive maps based on combined soil core data and a soil conductivity map using multiple linear regression (MLR) methods. The ESAP program suite provided reasonable estimates of the primary variable distribution across the VTA based on twelve core sites and high density soil conductivity (ECa) data. Preliminary results indicate the ESAP program suite provided a good alternative to the more commonly used method of cokriging. While this initial evaluation is subjective it does provide enough information to support studies that will allow detailed evaluation of the use of ESAP for evaluating alternative runoff control systems.
Effect of pheromone components when applied to different models on male sexual behaviour in the housefly, Musca domestica

Abstract Male mating behaviour was studied by treating a pseudofly, newly emerged female or male fly, with all possible combinations of ( Z )-9-tricosene, the non-hydrocarbon fraction and the methylalkane fraction. All dosages were at physiological levels. Striking behaviour, both mating and homosexual, were increased by tricosene. When the non-hydrocarbon fraction was added to the tricosene, homosexual strikes decreased while mating strikes increased. This indicates that the non-hydrocarbon fraction contains sex recognition factors. Increased copulatory attempts were observed with the non-hydrocarbon fraction and the methylalkane fraction but not with the tricosene. The amount of time spent with the model, an arrestant effect, was determined by the methylalkane fraction.
Properties of cytidinediphosphodiacyl-sn-glycerol: Myoinositol transferase of bovine mammary tissue

Abstract 1. 1. CDP-diacyl-sn-glycerol:inositoltransferase(E.C. 2.7.8.11) which catalyzes the final reaction in de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) is located in the microsomal fraction of bovine mammary tissue and showed specific activities ranging from 2 to 9 nmoles PI formed/mg protein per min. 2. 2. Optimum pH was between 8.5 and 9.0 with CDP-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPDG) and 7.7 when CTP and phosphatidic acid were the source of substrate CDPDG. 3. 3. CDP-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol was the preferred substrate with CDP-dioleyl- and CDP-dipalmityl-sn-glycerol showing lower rates of PI synthesis. 4. 4. Apparent Km values of 60 μM and 0.71 mM were obtained for CDP-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol and myoinositol, respectively. 5. 5. Manganese, at 3 mM, was required for activity though magnesium at very high concentrations. 48 mM, could replace Mn2+ 6. 6. Mercaptoethanol (5 mM) enhanced activity. 7. 7. EGTA [ethyleneglycol-bis (β amino ethyl ether) NN'-tetraacetic acid)] in the absence of added cations.permitted PI synthesis. 8. 8. Calcium, at 2 mM, inhibited PI synthesis. 9. 9. CDPDG :phosphohydrolase in mammary microsomes reduced PI synthesis.
A model for estimating industry compliance costs of food labeling regulations

One of the most publicized and controversial issues in the food industry today is whether or not food labels convey the appropriate product information to consumers. This study models firms' response to labeling mandates and estimates the costs to the food industry of new or revised labeling regulations. Lengthy personal interviews were conducted with 30 domestic food manufacturers and a questionnaire was administered to nearly 1,500 food manufacturing firms. The model incorporates variables to adjust for the type of food manufactured, the number and sizes of the firms affected, the frequency of label redesigning, the type of printing equipment used, the value of labels ordered, and the frequency of inventory turnover. The model is used to estimate the compliance costs for two past labeling regulations—sulfiting agents and sodium.
On the Effects of Departure from Normality on the F‐Ratios in a Nested Random Effect Model by Mixture of Normals

In this paper we consider the following nested random effect model where the αi's, the βij's and the eijk are independent random variables. By assuming that these variables follow a mixture of two normal densities, we study the effects of departure from normality on the classical JT-tests for variance components. It is shown that the departure from normality has little effects on the type 1 error and the power function; this indicates that the classical F-tests are quite robust with respect to departure from normality.
Sound coding in verbal learning with and without restrictions on decoding

A transfer design was used to assess the hypothesis that Ss may encode response terms as pronounceable sounds in learning a paired-associates list. The results indicated that the facilitative effects of sound coding are greatly diminished if S must use different decoding rules in learning original and transfer lists.
The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984: Much ado about nothing

The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984(IDRA), passed in the wake of Hinckley (1981) and after two years of Senate and House testimony and debate, removed the “volitional” prong of the ALI test, leaving only the “cognitive” prong. Prior empirical research and speculation suggested that this corrective would not serve its intended purpose. In this experiment, 54 mock jurors received one of four insanity test instructions: IDRA, ALI, a wild beast/mens rea test, or no instructions. Results showed that the test instructions did not produce significantly different verdict patterns, or effect in any other way the relevant and determinative constructs that jurors used in four different insanity cases.
Quasi-long-range order in anyon superfluids

Abstract We study a two-dimensional “anyon” gas in which the elementary charged particles are bosons with hard core interactions. We find, in the Bogoliubov approximation, that the anyon gas is superfluid at zero temperature with quasi-long-range order. The quasi-long-range order is a consequence of the long-range statistical interactions. The quasiparticle excitations are bosons, but the spectrum has a (weak) gap and no soft modes of the expected type. At low temperatures the system may be considered an incipient superfluid.
Porting a global ocean model onto a shared-memory multiprocessor: observations and guideline

A three-dimensional global ocean circulation model has been modified to run on the BBN TC2000 multiple instruction stream/multiple data stream (MIMD) parallel computer. Two shared-memory parallel programming models have been used to implement the global ocean model on the TC2000: the TCF (TC2000 Fortran) fork-join model and the PFP (Parallel Fortran Preprocessor) split-join model. The method chosen for the parallelization of this global ocean model on a shared-memory MIMD machine is discussed. The performance of each version of the code has been measured by varying the processor count for a fixed-resolution test case. The statically scheduled PFP version of the code achieves a higher parallel computing efficiency than does the dynamically scheduled TCF version of the code. The observed differences in the performance of the TCF and PFP versions of the code are discussed. The parallel computing performance of the shared-memory implementation of the global ocean model is limited by several factors, most notably load imbalance and network contention. The experience gained while porting this large, “real world” application onto a shared-memory multiprocessor is also presented to provide insight to the reader who may be contemplating such an undertaking.
Published Tests and the Needs of Educational Accountability

A match was made between consensual indexes of elementary education goal priorities and the availability of published tests that held promise for their assessment. A Q sort was utilized to obtain priority ratings on 106 pre-established goals from a nationwide sample. Independently, published tests for the elementary level were sorted into the same 106 goal categories. Results of the matching techniques indicated that most goals, whether high or low in priority, are measured by few or no published tests. This failure on the part of test publishers to respond to the needs of education is seen as an important contributor to the current popularity of criterion-referenced instruments.
Investigations Concerning the Coupled Wing-Fuselage-Tail Flutter Phenomenon

Results of subsonic model tests and analyses of a critical mode of flutter of a wing-fuselage-horizontal tail combination are presented. Increasing wing sweep can lead to lower flutter speeds. Flutter speeds are a minimum for cantilever wing bending to fuselage torsion frequency ratios in the range of 0.3-0.6. Vertical separation or dihedral angle increases the flutter speed and is more important than longitudinal separation. The aerodynamic interference effect of the wing on the tail is important and a detrimental feature for the configuration used. Flutter analyses using doublet lattice and kernel function unsteady aerodynamics methods were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction methods and to define controlling criteria. Also, experimental flutter model data and theoretical comparisons in the Mach number range of 0.6 to about 1.0 obtained in investigations conducted for the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory are presented. In general, agreement between predicted and test results for subsonic and transonic investigations is good. Finally, aerodynamic prediction methods are applied to the wing-horizontal tail configuration selected by AGARD for comparisons.
Models of concepts

Over the last 10 years research on concepts has produced an important new theory known as prototype theory. Despite its empirical successes, prototype theory has been challenged by various arguments purporting to show its descriptive inadequacy for a variety of phenomena, including complex concepts and quantification. These arguments are primarily based on a settheoretic model of concepts. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of the set-theoretic approach and argue that if we instead model concepts as knowledge representations of a certain kind, it is possible not only to answer prototype theory's critics, but to address more fundamental issues in the theory of concepts. We also consider the implications of these different approaches for psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence (AI). To substantiate our claims, a knowledge representation model of prototype theory is outlined, based on work in schema theory and AI knowledge representation.
Variational calculations of ν8 models of nuclear matter

Abstract We report variational calculations of ν8 models of nuclear matter which contain central, spin, isospin, tensor and spin-orbit potentials. These semi-realistic models can explain the nucleon-nucleon scattering in 1S0, 3S1−3D1, 1P1 and 3P2−3F2 states up to ∼ 300 MeV. The variational wave function has two-body central, spin, isospin, tensor and spin-orbit correlations. The terms in the cluster expansion of the energy expectation value, that do not contain the spin-orbit correlations are summed by chain summation techniques developed for the ν6 models. Of the terms containing spin-orbit correlations, the two-body and three-body-separable ones are calculated, and the magnitude of the rest is estimated. Results for three phase-equivalent ν8 models, which differ significantly in the strength of tensor and spin-orbit potentials, are reported. They suggest that simple ν8 models may not be able to simultaneously explain the binding energy and density of nuclear matter.
A mathematical analysis of a series circuit containing periodically varying resistance

IN RECENT years a great deal of attention has been given to the general theory and performance of circuits the parameters of which are functions of the time. The mathematical analysis of circuits of this type leads to the solution of linear differential equations with variable coefficients. Examples of linear time-varying circuits of practical importance occur in the theory of electrical communications. Frequency modulation circuits, for example, involve variations of capacitance or, to a lesser extent, inductance. The carbon microphone circuit consists of essentially of a variable resistance the value of which is varied by some source of energy outside the circuit. The condenser microphone circuit contains a variable capacitance. Super-regeneration involves circuits that contain a periodically-varying resistance parameter.
The use of Streptococcus zymogenes for estimating tryptophan and methionine bioavailability in 17 foods.

As part of a cooperative study assessing amino acid bioavailability and/or protein quality, the provisional method of Boyneet al. (Brit J Nutr 21: 181–206) was used to assay 17 protein sources for methionine and tryptophan availability withS. zymogenes. Pronase was used as the predigesting enzyme. Product composition was found to affect reproducibility. The microbial assay results correlated positively with results from rat growth studies on the same foods (p=0.05), and were generally accurate in identifying products of lower protein quality. Defatting four high-fat products increased microbial values in the methionine assay, but only the chicken franks and the sausage values in the tryptophan assay. Heating non-fat milk increased methionine values slightly. Low values for rolled oats were further reduced by finer grinding.
Pure diffusional mass transfer in zone melting

The differential equation and boundary conditions for pure diffusional mass transfer in zone melting were derived. Numerical solutions were obtained and approximated algebraically for eutectic-forming systems. An analytical solution for constant distribution coefficient was obtained. Graphs are given which permit rapid approximation of concentration profiles resulting from one zone pass. Example problems are provided which illustrate the use of the calculation techniques developed. (auth)
Monoclonal antibody to an integral membrane protein, the lactose permease

A monoclonal IgG antibody directed against the lactose permease was produced from animals inoculated with membranes of a lacY plasmid strain. The appropriate antibody was selected by a series of ELISA assays in which membranes, purified permease, or a lac Y-Z chimeric protein was the immobilized antigen. The antibody recognizes a portion of the permease exposed on the surface of membrane vesicles but does not inhibit lactose transport.
Exacerbation of endothelial dysfunction during the progression of diabetes: role of oxidative stress

To test the deterioration of endothelial function during the progression of diabetes, shear stress-induced dilation (SSID; 10, 20, and 40 dyn/cm2) was determined in isolated mesenteric arteries (80–120 μm in diameter) of 6-wk (6W), 3-mo (3M), and 9-mo (9M)-old male db/db mice and their wild-type (WT) controls. Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated SSID was comparable in 6W WT and db/db mice, but the dilation was significantly reduced in 3M db/db mice and declined further in 9M db/db mice. Vascular superoxide production was progressively increased in 3M and 9M db/db mice, associated with an increased expression of NADPH oxidase. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase significantly improved NO-mediated SSID in arteries of 3M, but not in 9M, db/db mice. Although endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was comparable in all groups, a progressive reduction in shear stress-induced eNOS phosphorylation existed in vessels of 3M and 9M db/db mice. Moreover, inducible NOS (iNOS) that was not detected in WT, nor in 6W and 3M db/db mice, was expressed in vessels of 9M db/db mice. A significantly increased expression of nitrotyrosine in total protein and immunoprecipitated eNOS was also found in vessels of 9M db/db mice. Thus, impaired NO bioavailability plays an essential role in the endothelial dysfunction of diabetic mice, which becomes aggravated when endothelial nitrosative stress is further activated via perhaps, an additional iNOS-mediated pathway during the progression of diabetes.
Selection of course evaluation items by high and low rated faculty of varying academic rank

The intent of the study was to identify attitudinal and behavioral instructor characteristics considered important by instructors selecting Cafeteria evaluation items. Also investigated were item selection differences between instructors rated as above and below average by their students and between instructors of varying academic rank. Item-content selection differences were reported for high and low rated faculty and for faculty of varying academic rank.
Benchmark calculations for multi-photon ionization of the hydrogen molecule and the hydrogen molecular ion by short-pulse intense laser radiation

We provide an overview of our recent work on the implementation of the finite-element discrete-variable representation to study the interaction of a few-cycle intense laser pulse with the H2 and H+2 molecules. The problem is formulated in prolate spheroidal coordinates, the ideal system for a diatomic molecule, and the time-dependent Schrodinger equation is solved on a space-time grid. The physical information is extracted by projecting the time-evolved solution to the appropriate field-free states of the problem.
Failure to have prescriptions filled among Black elderly.

Despite extensive research on drug consumption and compliance with drug regimens within the geriatric population, little attention has been given to the failure to have prescriptions filled among elderly in general and Black elderly in particular. The prevalence and correlates of patients' failure to have prescriptions filled were investigated for a sample of 571 Black elderly. In terms of prevalence, 12.8% of this sample asserted that they had received a prescription from a physician and not had it filled during the 6 months period prior to interview. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to detect the significant predictors of this type of noncompliance. According to our data, failure to have prescriptions filled was significantly greater among Black elderly with higher levels of anxiety, those with lower levels of internal health locus of control, those who did not have prescription medication coverage through Medic-aid, those who were currently using prescription medications, those who consume...
On a class of combinatorial inequalities

Abstract In this paper we derive upper and lower bounds for combinatorial matrix functions associated with a group G in terms of the matrix functions associated with the sub-group of G .
Hair dye use, meat intake, and tobacco exposure and presence of carcinogen-DNA adducts in exfoliated breast ductal epithelial cells.

Abstract Diet and environmental exposures to aromatic and heterocyclic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are thought to be etiologic factors for breast cancer risk. In this study, we chose to quantify the major DNA adduct derived from one member of each of these classes of carcinogens in epithelial cell DNA isolated from human breast milk. Appreciable adducts were detected for each class, namely 2-amino-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b ]pyridine (PhIP), 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) and benzo[ a ]pyrene. The effect of several metabolic genotypes on adduct levels were also investigated and higher PhIP and ABP adducts were associated with the rapid NAT2 and/or rapid NAT1 genotypes. The presence of ABP adducts was also significantly associated with the use of hair coloring products (OR = 11.2, 95% CI = 1.1–109.2) but not tobacco usage. These data indicate that women are exposed to several classes of dietary and environmental carcinogens and that metabolic genotype can be a susceptibility factor.
Healing the physician's story: a case study in narrative medicine and end-of-life care.

Telling stories after a loved one’s death helps surviving family members to find meaning in the experience and share perceptions about whether the death was consistent with the deceased person’s values and preferences. Opportunities for physicians to evaluate the experience of a patient’s death and to expose the ethical concerns that care for the dying often raises are rare. Narrative medicine is a theoretical perspective that provides tools to extend the benefits of storytelling and narrative sense–making to physicians. This case study describes narrative writing workshops attended by physicians who care for dying patients. The narratives created revealed the physicians’ concerns about ethics and their emotional connection with patients. This case study demonstrates that even one–time reflective writing workshops might create important opportunities for physicians to evaluate their experiences with dying patients and families.
Health Education Programs in U.S. Medical Schools.

To examine the status of teaching programs on health education in undergraduate medical education, the author in 1990-91 surveyed representatives of all 126 U.S. medical schools. Of the 97 institutions that responded, 63 (65%) offered instruction in patient education and 72 (74%) offered instruction in community health promotion. The responses indicated that a number of departments participated in instruction and that diverse methods of instruction and evaluation were used. Opinions of the representatives regarding the importance and adequacy of instruction in health education were quite favorable. The author concludes that more information is needed to determine the effectiveness of the instructional programs and their impact on the quality of medical care.
Fast spheres, shadows, textures, transparencies, and imgage enhancements in pixel-planes

Pixel-planes is a logic-enhanced memory system for raster graphics and imaging. Although each pixel-memory is enhanced with a one-bit ALU, the system's real power comes from a tree of one-bit adders that can evaluate linear expressions Ax+By+C for every pixel (x,y) simultaneously, as fast as the ALUs and the memory circuits can accept the results. We and others have begun to develop a variety of algorithms that exploit this fast linear expression evaluation capability. In this paper we report some of those results. Illustrated in this paper is a sample image from a small working prototype of the Pixel-planes hardware and a variety of images from simulations of a full-scale system. Timing estimates indicate that 30,000 smooth shaded triangles can be generated per second, or 21,000 smooth-shaded and shadowed triangles can be generated per second, or over 25,000 shaded spheres can be generated per second. Image-enhancement by adaptive histogram equalization can be performed within 4 seconds on a 512x512 image.
Intranasal delivery of siRNA to the olfactory bulbs of mice via the olfactory nerve pathway

Adopting RNAi technology for targeted manipulation of gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS) will require delivery of RNAi constructs to the CNS followed by cellular transfection and induction of the RNAi machinery. Significant strides have been made in enhancing RNAi transfection and tailoring knockdown toward specific gene targets, however, delivery of the RNAi constructs to the CNS remains a significant challenge. One possible solution for targeting siRNA to the CNS is intranasal administration, which noninvasively delivers a variety of compounds to the CNS. The current study examined delivery of fluorescently labeled siRNA from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulbs via the olfactory nerve pathway. siRNA was observed along the length of the olfactory nerve bundles, from the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity to the anterior regions of the olfactory bulbs. In the olfactory mucosa, labeled siRNA was found within the olfactory epithelium, Bowman's glands, and associated with blood vessels and bundles of olfactory nerves. In the olfactory bulbs, siRNA was observed in the olfactory nerve, glomerular and mitral cell layers. These results demonstrate a role of the olfactory nerve pathway in targeting siRNA to the olfactory bulbs. Additional investigations will be required to assess the distribution of intranasal siRNA to additional regions of the brain and explore the capacity of the delivered siRNA to silence gene expression in the CNS.
Equilibrium vacancy concentration at melting: The density functional theory

Abstract The equilibrium concentration of vacancies in the crystal at melting is calculated from a new generalization of density functional (DF) theory. The concentration of vacancies in the hard sphere crystal at coexistence is predicted to be in the range 10 −9 to 10 −12 . This result, which is sensitive to the precise details of the input liquid correlation functions, is compared with other estimates.
Environmental Contributions to Adolescent Delinquency: A Fresh Look at the Shared Environment

Few genetically-informative studies have attempted to explicitly identify the shared environmental (i.e., those environmental influences that contribute to sibling similarity) factors now known to contribute to adolescent delinquency. The current study therefore examined whether the parent-child relationship served as one source of these shared environmental influences. Participants were 610 adoptive and biological families from the Sibling Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS). Parents and adolescents reported on their parent-child conflict and parental involvement with child, and adolescents reported on their own delinquent behaviors. We employed structural equation modeling and supplementary multilevel modeling, finding consistent evidence that the association between delinquency and the parent-child relationship is at least partially shared environmental in origin. Such findings provide an important extension of previous twin studies, as they suggest that passive genotype-environment correlations do not explain earlier findings of shared environmental influences on this association.
Differential Parental Investment in the Southwestern United States

ABSTRACT The Trivers-Willard model (1973) predicts differential parental investment in children by sex and income; wealthier families will invest more in boys, while poorer families will invest more in girls. We investigated the TW Hypothesis in a sample of 103 six month old Tucson babies and their mothers. Hierarchical multiple regression equations were used entering baby's age, baby's sex, mother's age, male paternal commitment, a dichotomous poverty measure, per capita income, and four interaction terms, baby's sex by 1 ) mother's age 2) mother's education, 3) male paternal commitment, 4) poverty, and 5) per capita income. We included three dependent variables in successive regression equations; mother's attitudes towards ideal baby size for boy versus girl babies, weeks breast fed and the baby's weight at six months. These variables measure attitude, behavior, and physical outcomes. Poverty was a significant predictor of differential preference in ideal body size for boys versus girls; poor mothers pr...