cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telemental Health Care: A Review of Efficacy and Interventions

Objective: Mental illness continues to rise in the United States, burdening a healthcare system set to dive further into a shortage of mental health practitioners. The effects of this are already being felt in many rural areas, which are all too frequently understaffed to address the mental health concerns of their populations. To further compound this growing crisis, COVID-19 has led to a reduction in access to in-person care. Furthermore, COVID-19 has led to reduced access to in-person care. As a result, Telehealth has become more essential. Knowledge of the strategies and barriers to implement a successful Telehealth program is necessary to deliver a sustainable, accessible, and quality care. Design: In this review, we analyze published research on the efficacy of Telehealth for mental health, discuss how these services have been implemented, and explore how to address barriers to quality care delivery via Telehealth. Results: Telehealth, when the appropriate resources and supports are considered, is effective in a wide range of patient populations and care locations. Multiple modalities, including via video, apps, and telephone were shown to be efficacious. Interventions have been shown to increase the accessibility to care without compromising quality of care. Conclusions: Telehealth constitutes a well-researched, efficacious tool to address the issues in access to care. Telemental health programs should address the barriers to implementation, including training, access to technology, reimbursement and regulations, and adequate program oversight. Telehealth interventions should be strongly considered in areas facing shortages of mental health practitioners and long wait times for patients with mental health disorders, to reduce the burden of mental illness on healthcare.
Drug development and the process of transitioning to team-based learning in a qualitative way.

Abstract Background and purpose The North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination and the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment are two standardized tests that evaluate students' preparedness to progress into pharmacy practice. Pharmacy educators are responsible for ensuring individual learners are engaged in course material and take appropriate steps to succeed in meeting learning outcomes. Whenever a new pedagogy is adopted in a previously existing course, understanding the impact on learners is critical. Educational activity and setting Team-based learning (TBL) was implemented within a novel Drug Discovery and Development course to measure the impact in active participation and student performance within the second year of pharmacy school. Survey data was collected to gather pharmacy students' perspectives regarding the pedagogy change. Examination competency scores and active participation were tracked to measure student engagement. Findings Survey results revealed students agreed or strongly agreed that Drug Discovery and Development was enjoyable when taught with a TBL model, created a conductive learning environment, and improved their perceived knowledge, communication skills, and confidence. Average attendance scores were > 90% in a TBL setting. No change in block exam competency scores were noted across the three academic cohorts. Summary Students agreed that Drug Discovery and Development was enjoyable when taught using TBL, created a conductive learning environment, and improved their perceived knowledge, communication skills, and confidence. Additional research should be conducted to quantify student engagement and active attendance within similar courses. Similar styles of TBL implementation could be incorporated at other colleges of pharmacy to measure its potential benefits.
Vitamin D and Osteoarthritis: An Updated Clinical Summary and Review

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis remains the most widespread disabling musculoskeletal condition affecting the wellbeing of many older adults. AIM: This work aimed to update and document findings published in the English language concerning what is known about vitamin D and osteoarthritis disease manifestations and progression, an area of research that has produced confusing results. QUESTIONS: Specifically examined were: (1) Whether the presence of inadequate serum vitamin D levels predisposes an older adult to more profound osteoarthritis disability than adequate levels; and (2) Whether applying vitamin D as a supplement to older adults with osteoarthritis and coexisting vitamin D deficiencies is likely to ameliorate osteoarthritis disability in some way. METHODS: To achieve the current aims, all relevant English language research reports published in the last 40 years, with an emphasis on data from January 1, 2018 up until January 16 2021, and located in the major data bases of PUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Science, were sought. A narrative depiction and synthesis of the key points that emerged from this diverse body of literature was then undertaken. RESULTS: Findings showed that regardless of study type, a vitamin D deficit that may prevail in a fair proportion of older osteoarthritis cases may produce less than favorable results if the deficiency is not compensated for. However, very few studies are sufficiently well-designed and a number show no uniform consensus in this regard. CONCLUSION: More well-designed research may help to more firmly establish the possible protective, reparative or aversive role of vitamin D in mediating osteoarthritis and whether supplementation is desirable in vitamin D deficient cases.
Community Resilience: Toward a Framework for an Integrated, Interdisciplinary Model of Disaster

AbstractThe science of resilience presents the opportunity to explain how natural, social, and physical systems interact to impact community functioning and well-being postdisaster. This paper desc...
Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials: A Physicochemical Perspective

The global market for nanomaterial-based products was forecasted to reach 100 billion dollars per annum for 2011–2015. Extensive manufacturing and the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have raised concerns regarding their impact on biological response in living organisms, and the environment at large. The fundamental properties of nanomaterials exhibit a complex dependence upon several factors such as their morphology, size, defects, chemical stability, etc. Therefore, it is exceedingly difficult to correlate their biological response with their intricate physicochemical properties. For example, varying toxic response may ensue due to different methods of nanomaterial preparation, dissimilar impurities and defects. In this review, we surveyed the existing literature on the dependence of cytotoxicity on physicochemical properties. We found that ENM size, shape, defect density, physicochemical stability and surface modification to be the main causes that elicit altered physiological response or cytotoxicity.
Cold resistance of the brain during hibernation. II. Na-K-activated ATPase.

Abstract It was found that the activity of the Na-K-ATPase from the cerebral cortex of awake hamsters and rats was not different between 5 ° C and 38 ° C. The enzyme from the hibernating hamsters showed increased activity between 5 ° C and 10 ° C over that of awake hamsters. This increase in activity occurred prior to the onset of hibernation while the animal was still homeothermic. Further, this acclimation seemed not to occur in those hamsters that failed to hibernate within a short time. The apparent affinity for K is increased at low temperature in Na-K-ATPase of hamsters. In the enzyme from hibernating hamsters high K concentration produces further stimulation. The possibility is discussed that these changes result from alteration of the lipids that are necessary for enzymatic activity.
Reconfiguring Chinese Nationalism: How the Qing Frontier and its Indigenes Became Chinese – By James Leibold

In this book, the author has confronted head‐on one of the more perplexing aspects of twentieth‐century China: How was it that the state‐ and nation‐builders of the Republican period [1912–1949] we...
Observations on skin resistance to electricity and sweat chloride content. A preliminary report.

Summary Skin resistance to electrical current andsweat chloride values have been reported in 4 groups of children; white children in a control group; Negro children in a control group; white children with cystic fibrosis; and white children with central nervous system disease. The various groups studied could be distinguished both with respect to sweat chloride and skin resistance measurements. Further studies are under way to determine if the test can be developed to be useful as a screening and diagnostic procedure.
Activity of somatosensory-responsive neurons in high subdivisions of SI cortex during locomotion.

Responses of neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex during movements are poorly understood, even during such simple tasks as walking on a flat surface. In this study, we analyzed spike discharges of neurons in the rostral bank of the ansate sulcus (areas 1–2) in 2 cats while the cats walked on a flat surface or on a horizontal ladder, a complex task requiring accurate stepping. All neurons (n = 82) that had receptive fields (RFs) on the contralateral forelimb exhibited frequency modulation of their activity that was phase locked to the stride cycle during simple locomotion. Neurons with proximal RFs (upper arm/shoulder) and pyramidal tract-projecting neurons (PTNs) with fast-conducting axons tended to fire at peak rates in the middle of the swing phase, whereas neurons with RFs on the distal limb (wrist/paw) and slow-conducting PTNs typically showed peak firing at the transition between swing and stance phases. Eleven of 12 neurons with tactile RFs on the volar forepaw began firing toward the end of swing, with peak activity occurring at the moment of foot contact with floor, thereby preceding the evoked sensory volley from touch receptors. Requirement to step accurately on the ladder affected 91% of the neurons, suggesting their involvement in control of accuracy of stepping. During both tasks, neurons exhibited a wide variety of spike distributions within the stride cycle, suggesting that, during either simple or ladder locomotion, they represent the cycling somatosensory events in their activity both predictively before and reflectively after these events take place.
The Material Turn

There is a growing literature in the social sciences addressing the importance of artifacts, natural forces, and material regimes to social practices and systems of power. It looks at how material forces affect the conduct of everyday life, discusses how and when nonhumans have agency, and explores the methodological value of studying materiality for illuminating under-examined forms of social life—particularly the lives of nonliterate or suppressed groups. It is an emerging trend with multiple sources and faces, but it has roots in Foucault's analysis of political embodiment, work in Science and Technology Studies (STS) on object agency, and the growing interest (in part because of climate change) in how the natural world is entangled with social practices. Keywords: social sciences; artifacts; natural forces; material regimes; systems of power; Foucault; political embodiment; science; technology studies
Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation of cellular proteins.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (CALI) as a means of addressing functional interactions in biology with a high degree of spatial and temporal resolution. CALI is analogous to cellular laser ablation but the damage is localized to a protein of interest by covalently attaching the chromophore, malachite green, to an antibody that specifically binds to that protein. The laser energy is targeted to effectively inactivate the bound protein while unbound proteins are unaffected. This perturbation of function occurs at the time of laser irradiation and only within the diameter of the laser spot. This opens up the possibility of perturbing the function of a given protein in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. The chapter describes the mechanism of CALI and shows that the CALI is spatially restricted to within 34Ǻ, of the dye molecules and that the mechanism of CALI is mediated by photogenerated hydroxyl radicals. The high reactivity and very short lifetime of this radical species is responsible for the spatial specificity of CALI.
Electron transfer through center o of the cytochrome b-c1 complex of yeast mitochondria involves subunit VII, the ubiquinone-binding protein.

The role of subunit VII, the ubiquinone-binding protein of the cytochrome b-c1 complex, in electron transfer reactions was investigated in yeast mitochondria. Preincubation of submitochondrial particles with specific antibody against subunit VII prior to addition of either succinate, NADH, or the reduced form of the decyl analogue of ubiquinol resulted in an approximately 40% increase in the extent of cytochrome c1 reduction compared with controls containing preimmune serum. Addition of antimycin, an inhibitor of center i, to submitochondrial particles resulted in a 21% decrease in the rate and a 36% decrease in the extent of cytochrome c1 reduction by succinate. Preincubation of submitochondrial particles with the antibody against subunit VII prior to addition of antimycin resulted in an increase in both the rate and extent of cytochrome c1 reduction to the levels observed in the control without inhibitor. The addition of myxothiazol (an inhibitor of center o), myxothiazol plus antimycin, or alkyl hydroxynaphthoquinone (an inhibitor analogue of ubiquinone) resulted in an almost complete inhibition in both the rate and extent of cytochrome c1 reduction; however, preincubation with the antibody against subunit VII prior to addition of these inhibitors resulted in a significant increase in cytochrome c1 reduction. These results confirm our previous report (Japa, S., Zhu, Q. S., and Beattie, D. S. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5441–5444) that subunit VII is involved in electron transfer reactions at center o of the b-c1 complex. We suggest that the binding of antibody to subunit VII inhibits the transfer of electrons to cytochrome b-566. Consequently, two electrons are transferred to the iron-sulfur protein and cytochrome c1 through an antimycin-insensitive pathway. Moreover, the antibody may change the conformation of subunit VII, such that the myxothiazol and hydroxynaphthoquinone binding sites are partially blocked thus permitting electron flow to cytochrome c1.
Performance analysis of a cache-coherent multiprocessor based on hierarchical multiple buses

An approximate performance model for a cache-based multiprocessor system interconnected through hierarchical buses is presented. The model constitutes a tree network of queues that contains both open and closed chains and captures the effects of both bus contention and cache/memory interference on the system performance. The cache coherence protocol used in the system is a simplified version of the write-once protocol. A general memory reference pattern is considered instead of uniform reference assumption. Numerical results obtained from the model show a good agreement with the simulation results. The model can be solved efficiently by using the mean value analysis (MVA) algorithm with little computational cost. It is shown that the proposed model can easily be used to study the sharing behavior of the system on the basis of the application environment. >
Emerging utility of once-weekly exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to the ever increasing incidence of both T2DM and CVD and coexistence of these disorders, numerous agents have been developed over the years to target complications. We focus on the efficacy and safety perspective of a long-acting formulation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog exenatide. Our review focuses on the various landmark trials, efficacy, safety profile, and patient perspectives of weekly exenatide that delineates its current and future role in the treatment of patients with T2DM and CVD.
Statistical analysis of message passing programs to guide computer design

Little data exists on how message passing programs use parallel computers. The behavior of these programs can strongly influence design decisions made for future computer systems. The computer designer's use of incorrect assumptions about program behavior can degrade performance. In many cases simple statistical parameters describing characteristics such as message sizes, destinations, sources, and times between sends would give the designers of the communication libraries and the computer hardware great insight into how the hardware is used by actual programs. Techniques of collecting statistical information about the communication characteristics for system design have been applied to the parallel version of the NAS benchmarks. The paper describes the statistical data collected for multiprocessor runs of the NAS 2.1 benchmarks and some of the characteristics observed in that data.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Prevents Mesenteric Blood Flow Deficits after Resuscitated Hemorrhagic Shock by Preserving Endothelial Function

To determine the contribution of xanthine oxidase-mediated endothelial dysfunction to the blood flow deficits seen in the mesenteric circulation after resuscitated hemorrhagic shock, rats were prepared for intravital microscopic study then bled to 50% of baseline blood pressure for 60 min. Treatment animals received a 50 mg/kg bolus and a 25 mg/kg/hr infusion of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (allo) after shock but before resuscitation with shed blood and an equal volume of Ringer's lactate. A similarly resuscitated group (Std Res) and a nonhemorrhage group served as controls. Endothelial function was quantified at baseline, 30 min (R30), and 90 min (R90) postresuscitation as a change in mesenteric vessel diameter after topical application of acetylcholine (Ach), an endothelial-dependent vasodilator. Resuscitation restored cardiac output and blood pressure in both groups. First-order arteriolar blood flow (A1) remained depressed in the Std Res group but was restored to baseline in the group treated with allo. A1 arterioles demonstrated a 22 and a 27% reduction in ability to dilate to Ach at R30 and R90 after Std Res. V1 venules demonstrated a 39 and a 36% reduction in ability to dilate to Ach at R30 and R90 after Std Res. Endothelial-dependent vasodilation and blood flow were preserved in the group receiving Std Res plus allo. The preservation of endothelial function correlated with the restoration of microvascular blood flow postresuscitation. These data suggest that xanthine oxidase-mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury contributes to endothelial dysfunction and blood flow deficits in the mesenteric microcirculation after resuscitated hemorrhagic shock, the effect of which can be attenuated by the addition of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol to standard resuscitation.
On the convexity of a function related to the Wagner-Whitin model

The classical Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model of Harris and Wilson exhibits a convex objective function. The Dynamic Lot Size (DLS) model of Wagner and Whitin exhibits a concave objective function. In this paper, we reconcile these two results by showing that a reformulation of the DLS model along the lines of the EOQ model exhibits a convex objective function provided only that unit production costs are stationary. A counterexample is provided to show the necessity of the condition.
A characterization of Markov equivalence for directed cyclic graphs

Abstract The concept of d-separation (Pearl, 1988) was originally defined for acyclic directed graphs, but there is a natural extension of the concept to directed graphs with cycles. When exactly the same set of d-separation relations hold in two directed graphs, no matter whether respectively cyclic or acyclic, we say that they are markov equivalent. In other words, when two directed cyclic graphs are Markov equivalent, the set of distributions that satisfy a natural extension of the global directed Markov condition (Lauritzen et al., 1990) is exactly the same for each graph. There is an obvious exponential (in the number of vertices) time algorithm for deciding Markov equivalence of two directed cyclic graphs: simply check all of the d-separation relations in each graph. In this paper I prove a theorem that gives necessary and sufficient conditions for two directed cyclic graphs to be Markov equivalent, where each of the conditions can be checked in polynomial time. Hence, the theorem can be easily adapted into a polynomial time algorithm for deciding the Markov equivalence of two directed cyclic graphs (Richardson, 1996).
Replacement of maize by triticale in broiler diets

1. The nitrogen‐corrected metabolisable energy contents of the triticale varieties Multi Graze, Graze Grain 70, 204 and 131 were 12.28, 12.69, 12.37 and 12.03 MJ/kg respectively. 2. Increasing proportions (0, 25, 50 or 75%) of the maize of a diet were replaced by triticale 131 to provide diets of equal energy and nitrogen contents for broilers. These diets resulted in weight gains of 1.775, 1.782, 1.713 and 1.808 kg respectively at 8 weeks and there were no significant differences among efficiencies of food conversions. 3. Dressed carcass weights as percentages of body weight were 74.38, 75.01, 73.98 and 74.50 respectively and did not differ significantly. 4. Triticale in the diet did not seem to influence the relative weights of either liver or gizzard. 5. The flavour of the meat seemed to become less acceptable as the triticale in the diet increased but there were no significant differences in tenderness and juiciness of the meat caused by the treatments.
Potential Economic and Social Value of Short-Range Forecasts of Boulder Windstorms

Abstract Severe downslope windstorms are an outstanding feature of the winter weather in Boulder, Colo., and property damage associated with these storms averages about $1 million each year. Recently, efforts to develop a numerical model capable of forecasting downslope windstorms have yielded encouraging results. The possibility that short-term forecasts of these storms might become available on an operational basis led to a study of the societal impact of improved windstorm forecasts in the Boulder area, and this paper describes the results of that study. Surveys were conducted of selected samples of Boulder residents and businesses concerning the potential economic and social benefits and disbenefits of improvements in downslope windstorm forecasts. The survey questions concerned five basic topics: 1) perception of the windstorm hazard; 2) the desire for improved windstorm forecasts; 3) the use of windstorm forecasts; 4) the value of improved forecasts; and 5) possible forecast dissemination techniques...
Using biomarkers to improve detection of Alzheimer’s disease

SUMMARY Disease-modifying approaches for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might be most effective when initiated very early in the course, before the pathologic burden and neuronal and synaptic degeneration make it unlikely that halting disease progression would have a significant impact on patient outcomes. Biomarkers of disease may provide important avenues of research to enhance the diagnosis of individuals with early AD and could assist in the identification of those individuals at risk for developing AD. However, for such biomarkers to become clinically useful, long-term follow-up studies are necessary to evaluate the relevance of cross-sectional biomarker changes to the longitudinal course of the disease. The objective of this article is to review recent progress in AD biomarkers for the early diagnosis, classification, progression and prediction of AD and their usefulness in new treatment trials.
Experimental approach to NextGen benefits estimation: A case of single-airline Aircraft Arrival Management System

Abstract The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) embraces multiple operational and technological improvements that enable efficiencies for users and service providers. In managing the development of NextGen, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is assessing initiatives and potential components of the future system. One component is software that jointly optimizes the timing of arriving traffic to streamline flight arrivals at congested airports (Aircraft Arrival Management Systems or AAMS). Since most of the proposed NextGen improvements are not yet implemented, their evaluations typically are conducted through modeling, simulation, and/or subject matter expert surveys. In contrast, this study utilizes experimental settings in a real-time operating environment to examine potential benefits of the AAMS. During the experiment, a number of system performance variables were recorded in two data collection periods: a passive period, when the system was operating without the AAMS, and an active period, when the AAMS optimized arriving traffic of a dominant airline. Due to confounding data issues, the results indicate that with only 6.5 percent of arriving traffic optimized, there are no observable improvements in the overall system performance. However, the study documents tangible benefits for optimized flights and a positive interaction effect between the FAA's Traffic Management Advisor and the AAMS.
A NEW SPECIES OF MATHEVOTAENIA (CESTODA: ANOPLOCEPHALIDAE) AND OTHER TAPEWORMS FROM MARSUPIALS IN ARGENTINA

Cestodes are reported from Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840 and Micoureus cinereus Temminck, 1824 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in Argentina. These include a new species of Mathevotaenia Akhumyan, 1946 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalata) as well as M. bivittata (Janicki, 1904) and an unknown hymenolepidid cestode. Mathevotaenia argentinensis n. sp. is characterized by a relatively narrow strobila, 18-37 mm in total length and 1.0-1.5 mm in maximum width, 135-163 craspedote proglottids, 19-27 testes, and a muscular genital atrium. This species differs from M. didelphidis (Rudolphi, 1819) in the disposition of the genital ducts between the excretory canals and in the entrance of the vagina into the genital atrium posterior to the cirrus pouch; from M. paraguayae Schmidt and Martin, 1978 in the disposition of the genital ducts, absence of a seminal receptacle, and presence of an armed cirrus; and from M. boliviana Sawada and Harada, 1986 and M. pennsylvanica Chandler and Melvin, 1951 in the presence of an armed cirrus. Linstowiines appear to be the dominant cestodes in New World marsupials, with M. bivittata representing the most prevalent and widely distributed species. The hymenolepidid is the first record of this family in Neotropical marsupials.
Influence of Two Mass-Marking Techniques on Survival and Flight Behavior of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Two mass-marking techniques were evaluated in the laboratory to determine effects on survival and flight behavior of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. The marking agents were an externally applied fluorescent powder (Day-Clo) and an internal oil soluble dye (Calico oil red) incorporated into an artificial adult diet. Neither technique had a significant influence on survival of 5-10-d-old or 20-25-d-old female or male beetles up to 10 d after marking. Based on tethered-flight assays, marking with fluorescent dust generally had no effect on trivial or sustained flight performance of 5-10-d-old and 20-2S-d-old females or 15-d-old males. Beetles marked with the oil-soluble dye experienced reductions in trivial flight performance, including reductions in individual flight duration, frequency of flight, and total flight time in a 23-h period, for up to 2 d after marking. Both techniques are efficient, but in comparison with Day-Glo fluorescent powder, beetles marked with Calico oil red retain the mark for a shorter time period. Also, beetles marked with Calico oil red should be provided suitable food for at least 2 d after marking to allow recovery of normal fight behavior before they are used in studies involving flight activity.
Relation between contiguous Mie coefficients for perfectly conducting spheres

Abstract It is shown that when the size parameter x = ka in the scattering of electromagnetic waves by a perfectly conducting sphere is equal to an integer n , the Mie coefficients a n and a n −1 are equal. It is also shown that the other Mie coefficient b n cannot be equal to b n −1 for any finite x . The latter conclusion also holds in the case of scattering of a scalar particle by a hard sphere in quantum mechanics.
Multimodal Interactive Machine Learning for User Understanding

Designing intelligent computer interfaces requires human intelligence, which can be captured through multimodal sensors during human-computer interactions. These data modalities may involve users' language, vision, and body signals, which shed light on different aspects of human cognition and behaviors. I propose to integrate multimodal data to more effectively understand users during interactions. Since users' manipulation of big data (e.g., texts, images, videos) through interfaces can be computationally intensive, an interactive machine learning framework will be constructed in an unsupervised manner.
Calculating the Seismic Effect of 3-D Underground Structures And Topography With the Finite-Difference Method

I present a finite-difference algorithm to calculate the seismic response of cavities or underground structures in a complex 3-D medium. Topography in three dimensions is just a special case, and hence, is automatically included. The algorithm is based on the imaging method proposed by Levander (1988) and Robertsson (1996). I observed that traditional absorbing boundary conditions were either ineffective or instable. To circumvent this problem, I coupled the imaging technique with perfectly matched layers (PML). For the sake of simplicity, however, not only a boundary layer, but the entire computation is performed for a perfectly matched medium.
Homoharringtonine: a phase I evaluation.

Homoharringtonine is one of several Cephalotaxine esters which have shown experimental antineoplastic activity as well as anti-leukemia effects in patients in China. In a Phase I trial of homoharringtonine administered daily × 5 by bolus intravenous injection, the dose limiting toxicity was hypotension and the maximum tolerated dose was 3.5 mg/m2/d × 5. Evidence of drug induced cardiac irritability with resulting ventricular and atrial dysrhythmias was seen. Minimal myelosuppression was seen at this dose. Treatment of patients by 5 day continuous intravenous (rather than bolus) infusion resulted in more pronounced myelosuppression and clinically significant but tolerable hypotension. Significant reduction of white blood cell and platelet counts occurred at a dose of 3.5 mg/m2/day. Further investigations of the hypotensive and cardiac effects of homoharringtonine and Phase II trials using continuous infusion are indicated.
GENETIC TRENDS USING DIFFERENT CRITERIA OF SELECTION ON SPECIALIZED BREEDS IN PIGS

The trial had included 8 generations of pigs and last 10 years of has been done at 4 different breeds: Landrace and Yorkshire as dam line and Duroc and Pietrain as a sire line. Trial included 62 sires, 1794 dams, 5694 progeny and slaughtered 838 heads in total. To examine fixed and random effects LS MME model has been used. Installed different selection criteria for L, Y and D, P showed positive and expected improvement. There are know significant differences at age of slaughter between L,Y and D, P showed significantly lower gain and logger age. Genetic trends for certain traits for all used traits showed a positive line. At the same time explain significance of optimal selection criteria during production.
Criminal justice scholarship: The southern dimension

This paper reports an empirical assessment of the current status of criminal justice scholarship within the southern region of the United States. The data reflects stratification both of scholarly productivity within the discipline of criminal justice and across the various disciplines that contribute to the literature on crime and justice. The data should be particularly useful for identifying weaknesses in scholarly productivity and, hence, directions for growth within the discipline of criminal justice.
An Application of Clustering for Strategic Group Analysis

Summary Taxonomies, factor analysis and clustering are discussed as tools to investigate the structure of competitors within an industry (strategic groups'). An example using cluster analysis is presented as one means of operationalizing this concept. Careful definition and selection of the dimensions used to identify the boundaries between strategic groups (their mobility barriers) are particularly crucial in the effective application of analytical tools.
The shaped pupil coronagraph for planet finding coronagraphy: optimization, sensitivity, and laboratory testing

This paper summarizes our work designing optimal shaped pupils for high-contrast imaging. We show how any effective apodization can be created using shaped pupils and present a variety of both one-dimensional and azimuthally symmetric pupil shapes. Each pupil has its own performance advantage and we discuss the tradeoffs among various designs. Optimizations are typically performed by maximizing a measure of system throughput under constraints on contrast and inner working angle. We mention the question of sensitivity to aberrations. Controlling aberrations will be critical for any implementation of a planet-finding coronagraph. Finally, we present our first laboratory results testing a shaped pupil coronagraph.
The Rationale Behind Revision-Rule Semantics

According to Gupta and Belnap, the “extensional behavior” of ‘true’ matches that of a circularly defined predicate. Besides promising to explain semantic paradoxicality, their general theory of circular predicates significantly liberalizes the framework of truth-conditional semantics. The authors’ discussions of the rationale behind that liberalization invoke two distinct senses in which a circular predicate’s semantic behavior is explained by a “revision rule” carrying hypothetical information about its extension. Neither attempted explanation succeeds. Their theory may however be modified to employ a relativized notion of extension. The resulting contextualist semantics for ‘true’ construes circularity as a pragmatic phenomenon.
Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia with para-aminosalicylic acid-C: A possible mechanism of action

Abstract The effect of para-aminosalicylic acid-C (PAS-C, 8 g/day) on lipid metabolism was studied on a metabolic ward in nine subjects with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. During 2 wk on a basal isocaloric liquid formula diet (40% fat, 45% carbohydrate), PAS-C reduced plasma triglyceride (−41.9 ± 18.9%, p x ± SD), cholesterol (−22.8 ± 12.9%, p p p r = .99, p r = .70, p p r = .74, p
Smiling Faces and Colored Spaces: The Experiences of Faculty of Color Pursing Tenure in the Academy.

Through a comprehensive literature review, this article identifies and discusses barriers to recruitment and retention of faculty of color. Marginalization, racism and sexism manifested as unintended barriers are presented as a few of the barriers faculty of color face in successfully navigating the tenure process. Informed by this literature review, we conducted a self-study that presents the experiences of four faculty of color navigating the tenure process in a predominately white Research Institution. The purpose of this study was to share the experiences of three junior faculty of color as they navigate the tenure process, and one tenured faculty of color who is informally mentoring them through the process. This article highlights the findings of one component of a broader study: focus group discussions about how diversity efforts and activities are subsequently evidenced in teaching, research agendas and service. Four themes are presented: Academic Identity; Confronting Diversity, Mentoring, and Safe Spaces. A discussion of the consequences of these findings on faculty of color retention and recruitment is included. Recommendations are made to other predominately white institutions on how to address issues facing faculty of color.
A self-powered, preprogrammable, constant current, electronic stimulator for implantation in conscious and unrestrained, small animals

Abstract A completely implantable electronic brain stimulator was designed and constructed using commercially available Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor digital, integrated circuits. All stimulation parameters were preprogrammed prior to implantation. They included bipolar pulse width (0.5 msec), constant current intensity (120 μA) and frequency (125 pulses/sec) as well as pulse train length (33 sec) and the interval between pulse trains (70 min). After complete encapsulation, the unit weighed 6.2 g and measured 30 mm × 15 mm × 8 mm. The units were easily implanted under the skin in the flank areas of 300 g rats. The 5 μW power consumption allowed implanted lifetimes of over 6 months. A miniature magnetic switch was included inside the package to allow testing of the unit after implantation. Stimulators were implanted in 17 rats for periods of 4–62 days in a study exploring the relationship between long term electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and the development of arterial pathology.
Internal and external errors in trigonometric parallaxes

Abstract The methods for evaluating internal and external errors in parallaxes are reviewed and the results of each method are examined. The influence on parallax errors of variations in the weighting of individual parallax observations and of variations in reference-star configurations is discussed with emphasis placed on recent investigations of these effects made at the Van Vleck Observatory.
The (Limited) Use of Local-Level Assessment System: A Case Study of the Head Start National Reporting System and On-Going Child Assessments in a Local Program.

Abstract Using concepts from the evaluation literature, this case study describes the instrumental, conceptual, and political influence of the Head Start National Reporting System (NRS) and on-going child assessments in a local Head Start program. This study found that a local program intentionally aimed to limit the influence of the NRS. The NRS validated the program's performance for the program administrators and local governing bodies. It had no impact on teaching and learning, and was not used to make decisions to guide local program improvement. On-going child assessments were more widely valued within the local program. These assessments had some impact on teachers’ individualization of instruction for children, and managers made some effort to use program-level findings to inform program development. Similar to the NRS, the on-going child assessments were also used to provide accountability with local governing bodies. Based on these findings, implications for the use of local-level systems in early childhood programs are discussed.
A shielded metal arc welding expert system

Abstract Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) has been the welding industry's mainstay and heavily used in construction. SMAW is governed by a large variety of factors, and so it is very difficult to gain expertise in SMAW procedures. This paper presents an expert system to help plan and train shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) operations. The expert system has been implemented in Prolog. It accumulates most of the available information on the SMAW process including edge preparation, electrode selection, economic evaluation, analysis of weld defects1 and trouble-shooting. The expert system also includes an explanation subsystem, which will show the reasoning process to reach a conclusion.
Phase equilibria in the H2CO system at temperatures from 70 to 125 K and pressures to 53 MPa

Abstract Experimental measurements of liquid-vapor phase equilibria in the system H2CO are reported for seven temperatures in the range 70–125 K and pressures to 53 MPa. The mixture critical line has been located over the entire range of experimental temperatures. Experimental results have been compared with previously published data and predictions of three equations of state, Peng-Robinson, Redlich-Kwong and Deiters.
Be 7 Nuclei as Evaporated Particles in High-Energy Reactions

The probability for the emission of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ nuclei in an evaporation process has been calculated. These calculations support the hypothesis that the ${\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ produced in high-energy proton irradiation of copper, silver, and gold as described in the previous paper, is formed directly by an evaporation process.
Advances in Infectious Encephalitis: Etiologies, Outcomes, and Potential Links with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis

Encephalitis results in substantial morbidity and mortality and is a challenging syndrome for clinicians to manage. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, there is a broad range of causative agents, and specific treatments for many etiologies are lacking. Over the past decade, a number of novel infectious and autoimmune etiologies of encephalitis have been identified. Despite such advances, however, up to 50 % of encephalitis cases typically remain without an identified etiology. Moreover, few new vaccines and therapies have been developed. Here, we discuss recent advances in encephalitis, with specific focus on several areas: (1) the changing demographics of West Nile virus in the United States and the implications for vaccine development, (2) challenges in the diagnosis of herpesviral infections in immunocompromised individuals, (3) the identification of a potential link between herpes simplex encephalitis and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, and (4) the delineation of prognostic factors related to outcome in individuals with encephalitis.
The usefulness of entropic average temperatures

The second law Carnot efficiency, entropy balances, and many other principles of the second law are stated with assumed constant temperature heat sinks and reservoirs; i.e., assuming heat transfer across a boundary at a constant temperature. However, real world heat exchangers reject and receive heat transfer to a flowing fluid with a varying temperature making the application of many aspects of the second law inappropriate or complex. For such varying temperature cases, an entropic average temperature can be defined and easily calculated that can be substituted for the varying temperature heat sink or source temperature. The constant temperature restricted second law statements can then be used with this entropic average temperature. This entropic average temperature concept is simple to understand and is very useful in the presentation of thermodynamic concepts to new students, making it seem less abstract and more applicable to real world processes with which they are familiar. This paper serves to develop the concept and details of the entropic average temperature and show its usefulness while emphasizing its benefit for inclusion in engineering thermodynamics syllabi.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Cancer Information Seeking Preferences and Experiences: Disparities Between Asian Americans and Whites in the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)

Little is known about cancer information needs and seeking patterns in the rapidly growing Asian American population. The purpose of this study is to characterize cancer information seeking behaviors and preferences in Asian Americans and to examine their cancer-related knowledge and risk perceptions. Data from the nationally representative Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) database were analyzed to compare non-Hispanic Asians and Whites. Asians had lower awareness of the National Institutes of Health and American Cancer Society, were less likely to think that not smoking or quitting smoking would reduce cancer risk, were less knowledgeable about colon cancer screening, and considered their personal cancer risk to be low. Asians and Whites had similar media usage rates. They also had similar rates of preference for cancer information from various sources, although Asians were significantly more likely to prefer print materials. The level of trust of cancer information from doctors was high overall. This study is limited by under-representation of some demographic subpopulations, future surveys should oversample Asians and strive to include higher-risk Asians (e.g., elderly, poorly educated, immigrants, and those with limited English proficiency).
Widespread Occurrence of Secondary Lipid Biosynthesis Potential in Microbial Lineages

Bacterial production of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), is constrained to a narrow subset of marine γ-proteobacteria. The genes responsible for de novo bacterial PUFA biosynthesis, designated pfaEABCD, encode large, multi-domain protein complexes akin to type I iterative fatty acid and polyketide synthases, herein referred to as "Pfa synthases". In addition to the archetypal Pfa synthase gene products from marine bacteria, we have identified homologous type I FAS/PKS gene clusters in diverse microbial lineages spanning 45 genera representing 10 phyla, presumed to be involved in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. In total, 20 distinct types of gene clusters were identified. Collectively, we propose the designation of "secondary lipids" to describe these biosynthetic pathways and products, a proposition consistent with the "secondary metabolite" vernacular. Phylogenomic analysis reveals a high degree of functional conservation within distinct biosynthetic pathways. Incongruence between secondary lipid synthase functional clades and taxonomic group membership combined with the lack of orthologous gene clusters in closely related strains suggests horizontal gene transfer has contributed to the dissemination of specialized lipid biosynthetic activities across disparate microbial lineages.
Maternal origins of developmental reproducibility

Cell fate decisions during multicellular development are precisely coordinated, leading to highly reproducible macroscopic structural outcomes [1-3]. The origins of this reproducibility are found at the molecular level during the earliest stages of development when patterns of morphogen molecules emerge reproducibly [4, 5]. However, although the initial conditions for these early stages are determined by the female during oogenesis, it is unknown whether reproducibility is perpetuated from oogenesis or reacquired by the zygote. To address this issue in the early Drosophila embryo, we sought to count individual maternally deposited bicoid mRNA molecules and compare variability between embryos with previously observed fluctuations in the Bicoid protein gradient [6, 7]. Here, we develop independent methods to quantify total amounts of mRNA in individual embryos and show that mRNA counts are highly reproducible between embryos to within ~9%, matching the reproducibility of the protein gradient. Reproducibility emerges from perfectly linear feedforward processes: changing the genetic dosage in the female leads to proportional changes in both mRNA and protein numbers in the embryo. Our results indicate that the reproducibility of the morphological structures of embryos originates during oogenesis, which is when the expression of maternally provided patterning factors is precisely controlled.
Scaling of the localization length in armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons

A two-band model that includes edge interactions is derived for hydrogen-terminated, armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons. This model is then used to obtain analytical expressions for the localization length of these ribbons in the presence of environmental and topological edge disorder. Within the single-channel regime, it is found that the maximum localization length of a ribbon with uncorrelated edge disorder is proportional to the square of its width. Also shown is the dependence of the localization length on quasiparticle energy and band gap. The analytical expressions have been verified by numerical transport calculations that take all $\ensuremath{\pi}$ channels into account.