cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combining learned discrete and continuous action models

Action modeling is an important skill for agents that must perform tasks in novel domains. Previous work on action modeling has focused on learning STRIPS operators in discrete, relational domains. There has also been a separate vein of work in continuous function approximation for use in optimal control in robotics. Most real world domains are grounded in continuous dynamics but also exhibit emergent regularities at an abstract relational level of description. These two levels of regularity are often difficult to capture using a single action representation and learning method. In this paper we describe a system that combines discrete and continuous action modeling techniques in the Soar cognitive architecture. Our system accepts a continuous state representation from the environment and derives a relational state on top of it using spatial relations. The dynamics over each representation is learned separately using two simple instance-based algorithms. The predictions from the individual models are then combined in a way that takes advantage of the information captured by each representation. We empirically show that this combined model is more accurate and generalizable than each of the individual models in a spatial navigation domain.
PulaCloud: using human computation to enable development at the bottom of the economic ladder

This research aims to explore how Human Computation can be used to aid economic development in communities experiencing extreme poverty throughout the world. Work is ongoing with a community in rural Kenya to connect them to employment opportunities through a Human Computation system. A feasibility study has been conducted in the community using the 3D protein folding game Foldit and Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Feasibility has been confirmed and obstacles identified. Current work includes a pilot study doing image analysis for two research projects and developing a GUI that is usable by workers with little computer literacy. Future work includes developing effective incentive systems that operate both at the individual level and the group level and integrating worker accuracy evaluation, worker compensation, and result-credibility evaluation.
Qualitative Behaviour of Solutions in Two Models of Thin Liquid Films

For the thin-film model of a viscous flow which originates from lubrication approximation and has a full nonlinear curvature term, we prove existence of nonnegative weak solutions. Depending on initial data, we show algebraic or exponential dissipation of an energy functional which implies dissipation of the solution arc length that is a well known property for a Hele-Shaw flow. For the classical thin-film model with linearized curvature term, under some restrictions on parameter and gradient values, we also prove analytically the arc length dissipation property for positive solutions. We compare the numerical solutions for both models, with nonlinear and with linearized curvature terms. In regimes when solutions develop finite time singularities, we explain the difference in qualitative behaviour of solutions.
The Social Network behind an Architectural Style over Space and Time

This research aims to provide a sociological approach to studying architecture. With the help of social network analysis, it is not only possible to visualize the distribution of buildings of a particular style through time and space; it is also achievable to reveal the underlying social connections that enabled the transmission of the architectural style. Taking Chinoiserie architecture as an example, this chapter explicates the procedure from obtaining historical data to applying them to social network analysis in order to detect the social structure behind the diffusion of the Chinese taste in the early modern period in Europe.
3D printing of an interpenetrating network hydrogel material with tunable viscoelastic properties

Interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel materials are recognized for their unique mechanical properties. While IPN elasticity and toughness properties have been explored in previous studies, the factors that impact the time-dependent stress relaxation behavior of IPN materials are not well understood. Time-dependent (i.e. viscoelastic) mechanical behavior is a critical design parameter in the development of materials for a variety of applications, such as medical simulation devices, flexible substrate materials, cellular mechanobiology substrates, or regenerative medicine applications. This study reports a novel technique for 3D printing alginate-polyacrylamide IPN gels with tunable elastic and viscoelastic properties. The viscoelastic stress relaxation behavior of the 3D printed alginate-polyacrylamide IPN hydrogels was influenced most strongly by varying the concentration of the acrylamide cross-linker (MBAA), while the elastic modulus was affected most by varying the concentration of total monomer material. The material properties of our 3D printed IPN constructs were consistent with those reported in the biomechanics literature for soft tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, skin and subcutaneous tissue.
The invention of high efficient blue LEDs and future Solid State lighting

In 1970's and 80’s, an efficient blue and green light-emitting diodes (LED) were the last missing elements for solid-state display and lighting technologies due to the lack of suitable materials. By that time, III-nitride alloys was regarded the least possible candidate due to various "impossible" difficulties. However, a series of unexpected breakthroughs in 1990's totally changed people's view angle. Finally, the first high efficient blue LEDs were invented and commercialized at the same time of 1993. Nowadays, III-nitride-based LEDs have become the most widely used light source in many applications. The LED light bulbs are more than ten times efficient than incandescent bulb, and they last for 50 years! At their current adoption rates, by 2020, LEDs can reduce the world’s need for electricity by the equivalent of nearly 60 nuclear power plants. The history of the invention of blue LED and future lighting will be described.
Cellular Uptake and Delivery of Myeloperoxidase to Lysosomes Promote Lipofuscin Degradation and Lysosomal Stress in Retinal Cells

Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the H2O2-dependent oxidation of chloride anion to generate hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent. Besides its well defined role in innate immunity, aberrant degranulation of neutrophils in several inflammatory diseases leads to redistribution of MPO to the extracellular space, where it can mediate tissue damage by promoting the oxidation of several additional substrates. Here, we demonstrate that mannose 6-phosphate receptor-mediated cellular uptake and delivery of MPO to lysosomes of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells acts to clear this harmful enzyme from the extracellular space, with lysosomal-delivered MPO exhibiting a half-life of 10 h. Lysosomal-targeted MPO exerts both cell-protective and cytotoxic functions. From a therapeutic standpoint, MPO catalyzes the in vitro degradation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine, a toxic form of retinal lipofuscin that accumulates in RPE lysosomes and drives the pathogenesis of Stargardt macular degeneration. Furthermore, chronic cellular uptake and accumulation of MPO in lysosomes coincides with N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine elimination in a cell-based model of macular degeneration. However, lysosomal-delivered MPO also disrupts lysosomal acidification in RPE cells, which coincides with nuclear translocation of the lysosomal stress-sensing transcription factor EB and, eventually, cell death. Based on these findings we predict that under periods of acute exposure, cellular uptake and lysosomal degradation of MPO mediates elimination of this harmful enzyme, whereas chronic exposure results in progressive accumulation of MPO in lysosomes. Lysosomal-accumulated MPO can be both cell-protective, by promoting the degradation of toxic retinal lipofuscin deposits, and cytotoxic, by triggering lysosomal stress and cell death.
Quantum error-correction failure distributions: Comparison of coherent and stochastic error models

A comparison between different types of error models is performed. The investigation highlights the need for extra caution when choosing an adequate quantum error-correction routine, which is an essential step for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Abstract A40: Barriers to participation in breast cancer clinical trials for black women in the Inland Empire, CA

Statement of Purpose: White women are slightly more likely to develop breast cancer than are black/African-American women. However, greater proportions of black women are diagnosed with late state disease and have higher mortality rates. Age-adjusted risk of death for breast cancer in Region 5 of the California Cancer Registry of which women from the San Bernardino form a major segment was significantly above the California average from 1999–2003 and was particularly high for non-Hispanic black women. The incidence and mortality patterns reveal the tragedy produced by the failure to detect breast cancer in the early stage. Participation rates by black women in clinical trials have been low in the Region 5 of the California Cancer Registry. The purpose of this study was to facilitate a culturally sensitive breast cancer clinical trial education to black women in the Inland Empire. This will help reinforce the importance of making an informed decision about participation in breast cancer clinical trials, which will lead to reduced breast cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality in black women. Methodology: A descriptive analysis study was used to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices toward breast cancer clinical trial participation. To achieve triangulation and keeping in line with established focus group methodology, five focus groups comprising of 10–12 persons per group were selected to represent important dimensions of knowledge and experiences that included a total sample size of 36 women. The groups included healthy women, breast cancer patients, breast cancer survivors, minority health care providers and community advocates. We used knowledge, attitudes, behavior and perception-based questionnaire to assess changes before and after the educational experience. Results: Suggestions were made to improve the existing NCI9s breast cancer clinical trial education presentations to make them culturally sensitive and attractive to black women. Misconceptions about controls, placebos, randomization, and the “Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male” were addressed. Barriers to participation included lack of time, women being head of single family household, transportation, time off from jobs, and being unsure about who covers the clinical trial expenses. Free transportation and mobile clinics were identified as the most effective means of reaching out to the majority of black women. The key finding was that approximately 80% of the women were willing to participate in clinical trials but were not given opportunities to participate in breast cancer clinical trials. Approximately 75% of the women believed that they do not have wellinformed decision making opportunities for their health. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that black women in the Inland Empire lack educational and community-based participatory research opportunities because physicians do not refer them to breast cancer clinical research trials.
Energy policy and environmental pollution: a look to the future

Over the past twenty years, environmental pollution has reached truly global proportions. Today's pollutants are more toxic in ever smaller amounts, and pose an equal threat in developed and developing countries. Three phenomena of the global environment exemplify these trends in atmospheric pollution: acid rain, stratospheric ozone destruction, and the greenhouse effect. A key to solving these global challenges lies in energy policy. Specific steps include: increasing energy efficiency and developing renewable energy sources, employing less–polluting technologies, using market forces to reflect the true social costs of pollution, and initiating innovative international efforts to reduce pollution and mitigate its effects.
Speed of processing training in middle-aged and older breast cancer survivors (SOAR): results of a randomized controlled pilot

Purpose Cognitive changes are common among breast cancer survivors. There is limited evidence to guide management of cognitive changes. This randomized controlled pilot evaluated the preliminary efficacy of a speed of processing (SOP) training among middle-aged and older breast cancer survivors.
Governmental accounting, global markets and ideologies: A historical study of state and local practices in the united states

This paper examines the interaction between changes in governmental accounting, ideology and global capital markets. Based on a historical analysis from the late 1800s to the turn of the 21st century it provides support for the general hypothesis that the strength and support of global capital markets and pro-market ideologies is positively related to the likelihood of the adoption by governments of accounting methods geared toward exposing full costs and total debt. The analysis also illustrates that governments are more likely to use accounting methods that allow for greater flexibility for spending, borrowing and off balance sheet financing during times when global capital markets and pro-market ideologies are in decline.
Crystal structure of 3H-1,2-benzodithiol-3-one 1-oxide

The compound 3H-1,2-benzodithiol-3-one 1-oxide (2) has proven useful in modeling the reactivity of the novel antitumor antibiotic leinamycin (1). The crystal structure of this unusual sulfur heterocycle is reported here. The molecule crystallizes in the P-1 space group with cell parameters a = 7.168(4), b = 7.670(3), c = 7.922(3)A, α = 68.34(4), β = 83.86(3), γ = 65.50(3),° and U = 367.8 A3.
Acute Physiology and Neurologic Outcomes after Brain Injury in SCOP/PHLPP1 KO Mice

Suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillatory protein (SCOP) (a.k.a. PHLPP1) regulates long-term memory consolidation in the brain. Using a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) we tested if (1) brain tissue levels of SCOP/PHLPP1 increase after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), and (2) if SCOP/PHLPP1 gene knockout (KO) mice have improved (or worse) neurologic outcomes. Blood chemistry (pH, pCO2, pO2, pSO2, base excess, sodium bicarbonate, and osmolarity) and arterial pressure (MAP) differed in isoflurane anesthetized WT vs. KOs at baseline and up to 1 h post-injury. CCI injury increased cortical/hippocampal SCOP/PHLPP1 levels in WTs 7d and 14d post-injury. Injured KOs had higher brain tissue levels of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) in cortex (14d post-injury), and higher levels of phosphorylated MEK (pMEK) in hippocampus (7d and 14d post-injury) and in cortex (7d post-injury). Consistent with an important role of SCOP/PHLPP1 on memory function, injured-KOs had near normal performance on the probe trial of the Morris water maze, whereas injured-WTs were impaired. CA1/CA3 hippocampal survival was lower in KOs vs. WTs 24 h post-injury but equivalent by 7d. No difference in 21d cortical lesion volume was detected. SCOP/PHLPP1 overexpression in cultured rat cortical neurons had no effect on 24 h cell death after a mechanical stretch-injury.
Professor: A motorized field-based phenotyping cart

Abstract An easy-to-customize, low-cost, low disturbance, motorized, and adjustable proximal sensing cart for field-based high-throughput phenotyping is described. General dimensions, motor specifications, and a remote operation application are given. The cart, named Professor, supports mounting multiple proximal sensors and cameras for characterizing plant traits grown under field conditions. Professor easily adapts to multiple sensor configurations supporting detection of multiple target traits and has two axes of adjustable clearance by design. Professor is useful as a field-based phenotyping platform and offers a framework for customized development and application.
PET of Adoptively Transferred Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with 89Zr-Oxine.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a promising clinical approach for reducing tumor progression and prolonging patient survival. However, improvements in both the safety and the potency of CAR T cell therapy demand quantitative imaging techniques to determine the distribution of cells after adoptive transfer. The purpose of this study was to optimize 89Zr-oxine labeling of CAR T cells and evaluate PET as a platform for imaging adoptively transferred CAR T cells. Methods: CAR T cells were labeled with 0–1.4 MBq of 89Zr-oxine per 106 cells and assessed for radioactivity retention, viability, and functionality. In vivo trafficking of 89Zr-oxine–labeled CAR T cells was evaluated in 2 murine xenograft tumor models: glioblastoma brain tumors with intracranially delivered IL13Rα2-targeted CAR T cells, and subcutaneous prostate tumors with intravenously delivered prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)–targeted CAR T cells. Results: CAR T cells were efficiently labeled (75%) and retained more than 60% of the 89Zr over 6 d. In vitro cytokine production, migration, and tumor cytotoxicity, as well as in vivo antitumor activity, were not significantly reduced when labeled with 70 kBq/106 cells. IL13Rα2-CAR T cells delivered intraventricularly were detectable by PET for at least 6 d throughout the central nervous system and within intracranial tumors. When intravenously administered, PSCA-CAR T cells also showed tumor tropism, with a 9-fold greater tumor-to-muscle ratio than for CAR-negative T cells. Conclusion:89Zr-oxine can be used for labeling and imaging CAR T cells while maintaining cell viability and function. On the basis of these studies, we conclude that 89Zr-oxine is a clinically translatable platform for real-time assessment of cell therapies.
Presence of multiple Clostridium difficile strains at primary infection is associated with development of recurrent disease.

Abstract Recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) places a major burden on the healthcare system. Previous studies have suggested that specific C. difficile strains, or ribotypes, are associated with severe disease and/or recurrence. However, in some patients a new strain is detected in subsequent infections, complicating longitudinal studies focused on strain differences that may contribute to disease outcome. We examined ribotype composition over time in patients who did or did not develop recurrence to examine infection with multiple C. difficile ribotypes (mixed infection), during the course of infection. Using a retrospective patient cohort, we isolated and ribotyped a median of 36 C. difficile colonies from 61 patients (105 total samples) at initial infection, recurrence (a second case of CDI within 15–56 days of initial infection), and reinfection (a second case of CDI after 56 days of initial infection). We observed mixed infection in 78.6% of samples at initial infection in patients who went on to develop recurrence compared to 18.1% of patients who did not, and mixed infection remained associated with subsequent recurrence after adjusting for gender and prior antibiotic exposure (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3–9.4, P = .015). In patients who were sampled longitudinally (44 consecutive events in 32 patients), the dominant ribotype changed in 31.8% of consecutive samples and the newly dominant ribotype was not detected in prior samples from that patient. Our results suggest that mixed C. difficile infection is more prevalent than previously demonstrated and potentially a marker of susceptibility to recurrence.
Biochemical Modulation of 5-Fluorouracil by Pala: Mechanism of Action

Selectivity is, of course, the key to all chemotherapy. However, selectivity is very difficult to achieve against cancer cells in vivo because the biochemical differences between cancer and normal cells are quantitative rather than qualitative. Consequently, anticancer agents have a narrow therapeutic index and, therefore, chemotherapy is frequently toxic to the patient as well as to the tumor.
Excitation and RF Field Control of a Human-Size 10.5-T MRI System

This paper presents an investigation of methods for improving homogeneity inside various dielectric phantoms situated in a 10.5-T human-sized magnetic resonance imaging. The transmit ${B} _{1}$ ( ${B} _{1}^{+}$ ) field is excited with a quadrature-fed circular patch probe and a 12-element capacitively loaded microstrip array. Both simulations and measurements show improved homogeneity in a cylindrical water phantom, an inhomogeneous phantom (pineapple), and a NIST standard phantom. The simulations are performed using a full-wave finite-difference time-domain solver (Sim4Life) in order to find the ${B} _{1}^{+}$ field distribution and compared to the gradient-recalled echo image and efficiency result. For additional field uniformity, the wall electromagnetic boundary conditions are modified with a passive quadrifilar helix. Finally, these methods are applied in simulation to head imaging of an anatomically correct human body model (Duke, IT’IS Virtual Population) showing improved homogeneity and specific absorption rate for various excitations.
Histomorphologic features of lung adenocarcinomas exhibiting ALK gene rearrangement

With the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the identification of tumors with alterations in tyrosine kinase genes has become important to guide treatment. Lung adenocarcinomas harboring ALK translocations may be targeted with drugs such as crizotinib. We undertook a retrospective review of our institution's pathology records from January 2015 through September 2017 and identified 10 lung adenocarcinomas with ALK rearrangements. We reviewed the histomorphologic features and immunohistochemical results from these 10 cases. Morphologic features included patterns such as acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid, as well as features such as cribriform, signet ring, and extracellular mucin. Acinar (including simple and cribriform) was the most common pattern, followed by papillary. Solid and signet ring features were the least common. These findings were consistent with prior histomorphologic studies of ALK-positive lung adenocarcinomas. Certain histomorphologic patterns are associated with ALK positivity. However, histomorphologic features are neither absolutely sensitive nor absolutely specific in suggesting ALK rearrangement. Thus, identification of lung adenocarcinomas that may benefit from treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors requires comprehensive molecular testing.
A review on recent advancements in ophthalmology devices: Currently in market and under clinical trials

Abstract The complex anatomical features of the eye and the presence of different ocular barriers has led to complications in the development of an effective treatment strategy for posterior segment diseases like diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal pigmentosa, etc., thus demanding the need for novel and innovative approaches. There are various treatment options available in the market which includes the new implants and drug delivery systems apart from the therapeutic agents which are benefiting the patients with modern improvements, enhanced formulations, targeted and long-term delivery. But they all still have numerous drawbacks which need to be addressed. This review article discusses and highlights the recent developments made in the ophthalmology which are in the market currently and under clinical trial. This review also suggests a possible alternative system that can be an effective and practical option for the treatment of posterior segment ophthalmic diseases.
Sub-Cycle Pulses and Field Solitons: Near- and Sub-Femtosecond Em-Bubbles

We demonstrate the feasibility of strong (up to atomic fields) and super-short (few- or even sub-femtosecond) sub-cycle (non-oscillating) electromagnetic solitons — EM bubbles (EMBs) in a gas of two-level atoms, as well as EMBs and pre-ionization shock waves in classically nonlinear atoms. We show that EMBs can be generated by existing sources of radiation, including sub-picosecond half-cycle pulses and very short laser pulses. We investigate how EMB characteristics are controlled by those of originating pulses. Our most recent results are focused on the related transient phenomena, including EMB formation length, multi-bubble generation and shock-like waves. We also develop the theory of the diffraction-induced transformation of sub-cycle pulses in linear media.
Why Ideas are Not in the Mind: An Introduction to Ecological Epistemology

Modern epistemology rests on a number of assumptions about ideas, the mind, and the brain. The notions that ideas are in the mind, that the mind is in the brain, and that ideas are somehow caused by whatever causes brain activity, gave birth to both modern psychology and epistemology in the seventeenth century. The successes of this science spurred epistemologists more and more to accept these assumptions. Thus, by the end of the eighteenth century even philosophers who vehemently disbelieved that scientific explanations of mental phenomena could be produced nevertheless went along with the above assumptions.1 From that time forward epistemologists have rarely debated these fundamental premises, taking them as givens.2 Yet I contend that we had better begin to query these assumptions, because they have not led to a satisfactory science of cognition. On the contrary, the puzzles concerning human knowledge of the external world have deepened, not lessened, as an experimental psychology based on the above assumptions has evolved. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, to give sufficient historical and critical background for readers to appreciate the many scientific anomalies spawned by the hypothesis that ideas are in the mind which is in the brain.
Pancreas and Islet Transplantation

IDiabetes mellitus is a systemic disease that currently affects 6% of the population and ranks as the third most common disease.1 In the United States, 1 to 2 million of these people have type 1 diabetes mellitus, previously referred to as juvenile-onset diabetes.2 Type 1 diabetes is characterized by deficient insulin production due to destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The etiology of this cell destruction has not been fully elucidated, but autoimmune attack, genetic factors, and environmental influences, including infectious agents, have all been implicated. Some insulin-deficient patients have glucose intolerance from loss of pancreas function following pancreatitis, with or without surgical pancreatic resection. Such patients are also insulin deficient and have many of the characteristics and complications seen in patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetes.
A Comparison of Concrete-Representational-Abstract and Concrete-Representational-Abstract-Integrated Fraction Interventions for Students with Disabilities

This study compares the effects of a concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) intervention against a modified CRA-Integrated (CRA-I) intervention using a pretest-posttest design with random assignm...
PTSD, but not history of mTBI, is associated with altered myelin in combat-exposed Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans.

To investigate the biological, cognitive, and psychological presentations of combat-exposed Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...
High temperature oxidation behaviors of bulk SiC with low partial pressures of air and water vapor in argon

Abstract Oxidation behaviors of bulk SiC at 1000–1400 °C in Ar-20 vol% H2O-10 vol% air were investigated. The thickness of the passivation oxide layer showed a parabolic increase with time. Dense and uniform layers formed below 1200 °C, whereas pores and cracks were observed at higher temperatures. An analytical model was proposed to estimate the oxide layer growth and SiC mass loss rate. The SiC layer should be effective in retaining the fission products after oxidation by excessive water and air. This work is the first detailed study of SiC layer oxidation during loss of coolant accidents (LOCA) for HTGRs.
Normal ECG or peaked T waves

A 50-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with weakness, nausea, and vomiting that had begun several days earlier. The patient had experienced bilateral thigh pain for several weeks...
Mental Health Symptoms and Functional Impairment in Children With Atopic Dermatitis.

Background The impact of childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) on social and behavioral issues is not well understood. Objective This study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of social and behavioral symptoms and functional impairment among US children with AD. Methods The 1996 to 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys were analyzed, including a representative, cross-sectional study of 2553 US children with AD. Behavioral and functional issues were examined using Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS) scores. Results Childhood AD was associated with behavioral and functional problems, particularly nervousness (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06-1.31), home behavior (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.32), staying out of trouble (OR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.31), and relationships with other kids (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.31) and with siblings (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.28). Higher CIS scores were present in children with AD versus without AD (adjusted β, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.22-1.02) and with psoriasis (adjusted β, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.22-1.49). Among children with AD, higher CIS scores were notably associated with male sex, older age, lower household income, public insurance, and comorbid depression and anxiety. Conclusions AD was associated with behavioral and functional impairment, similar to psoriasis and other common chronic conditions. There are significant sociodemographic differences in CIS scores.
Ex Vivo Porcine Model for Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Simulation at a High-Volume Tertiary Center: Resident Perception and Validation Assessment Using the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills Tool

Introduction: With increased demands on surgeon productivity and outcomes, residency robotics training increasingly relies on simulations. The objective of this study is to assess the validity and ...
Communicative functions of emoji sequences in the context of self-presentation: A comparative study of Weibo and Twitter users:

Focusing on Weibo (a Chinese Microblogging site) and Twitter, this study adopts computer-mediated discourse analysis to examine how influencers use emoji sequences when engaging in self-presentatio...
Corn cash price forecasting with neural networks

Abstract We explore the forecasting issue in a data set of daily corn cash prices from nearly 500 markets across sixteen states: North Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, Arkansas, Kentucky, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania. We focus on univariate neural network (NN) modeling and bivariate NN modeling with futures prices incorporated. Using simple NNs with twenty hidden neurons and two delays leads to forecasting of high accuracy for the one-day ahead horizon. Including futures prices in the models benefits cash price forecasting. These findings are robust to data splitting ratios for model training, validation, and testing, and to different algorithms employed for model estimates. The forecasting framework here is relatively easy to deploy and has potential to be generalized to other commodities. This study contributes to short-term forecasting users’ information needs in decision making processes.
Combining Feature Extraction-Based and Full Trace Analysis Capabilities in Fault Detection: Methods and Comparative Analysis

As semiconductor manufacturing processes become more complex and sophisticated, manufacturers demand high quality, efficient process monitoring and fault detection (FD). Segmentation feature extraction (SFE) has been shown to be successful in FD when the anomaly patterns are well described by feature extraction, but not in cases of complex anomaly patterns. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines feature extraction-based and full trace analysis (FTA) capabilities in FD. First, a novel multivariate trace segmentation is applied to segment trace data based on defined patterns across key sensors, and then the pattern features and parameters are extracted within each segment. Second, full trace analysis generates adaptive guardbands on key sensors. These guardbands detect “anomaly” throughout the whole trace with a certain confidence interval. Third, a multivariate fault detection model is developed that combines SFE and FTA capabilities. Furthermore, multivariate data generation is developed to exhaustively validate combination and isolation of the proposed capabilities. Experimental results indicate that FTA can better capture the anomaly features with complex/atypical patterns, and the combined capability of SFE + FTA exhibits better performance than each method applied individually.
Preliminary examination of an insanity defense typology: Prevalence rates and correlates

The present investigation was designed to systematically examine the insanity defense typology proposed by Brown (2018) using a large sample of cases wherein there was support for the insanity defense. A total of 187 court-ordered cases in which an insanity defense was supported were categorized based on the typology. The sample comprised of mostly single, middle-aged males who had been charged with a felony and diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. About half the sample was ultimately adjudicated not guilty by reason of insanity by the court. About two-thirds of the cases were categorized into one of the seven insanity defense subtypes using a coding scheme developed by the author of the typology. Inter-rater agreement occurred 82% of the time. The most frequent subtype was Paranoid Self-Defense, followed by "But It's Mine" and Paranoid Protection of Others. There were few differences among these subtypes based on demographic, clinical, offense, and outcome variables, except for presence of a primary psychotic disorder and offense type. Implications and ideas for future research are discussed.
Inner Achievement

The appealing idea that knowledge is best understood as a kind of achievement faces significant criticisms, among them Matthew Chrisman’s charge that the whole project rests on a kind of ontological category mistake. Chrisman argues that while knowledge and belief are states, the kind of normativity found in, for example, Sosa’s famous ‘Triple-A’ structure of assessment is only applicable to performances, end-directed events that unfold over time, and never to states. What is overlooked, both by Chrisman and those he criticizes, is a whole range of projects, those like friendship, health, marriage, and sobriety, where the end is not distinct from our pursuit of it. I suggest that such ‘inner projects’ are in fact stative achievements and thus provide a different sort of model for thinking about knowledge as an achievement. Reconceiving the project along these lines also helps to solve another outstanding problem, the charge that being an achievement is not necessary for knowledge because some knowledge, especially testimonial knowledge, is come by with little or no effort.
They “Don't Know How to Deal with People Like Me”: Assessing Health Care Experiences of Gender Minorities in Indiana

Purpose: Within the LGBTQ+ community, the transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) population experience a disproportionate amount of discrimination when seeking health care. Such disparities may arise fro...
Titanium nitride barrier formation and junction leakage characterization

Rapid thermal processing (RTP) of Titanium in an NH/sub 3/ ambient results in the formation of a bilayer TiN/sub x//TiSi/sub y/ diffusion barrier to aluminum spiking and junction leakage. Auger electron spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were used to characterize the bilayer film properties as a function of starting titanium thickness, RTP temperature, metal deposition degas temperature and substrate doping. It has been demonstrated that barrier layers with incompletely reacted Ti have reduced performance; since unreacted Ti initiates the Al-Ti intermetallic formation, which leads to barrier failure. The optimization of the barrier parameters are discussed, with process guidelines for effective barrier formation.
Parents' Gender Ideology and Gendered Behavior as Predictors of Children's Gender-Role Attitudes: A Longitudinal Exploration

The current study utilized longitudinal, self-report data from a sample of 109 dual-earner, working-class couples and their 6-year-old children living in the northeastern United States. Research questions addressed the roles of parents’ gender ideology and gendered behaviors in predicting children’s development of gender-role attitudes. It was hypothesized that parents’ behavior would be more influential than their ideology in the development of their children’s attitudes about gender roles. Parents responded to questionnaires assessing their global beliefs about women’s and men’s “rightful” roles in society, work preferences for mothers, division of household and childcare tasks, division of paid work hours, and job traditionality. These data were collected at multiple time points across the first year of parenthood, and during a 6-year follow-up. At the final time point, children completed the Sex Roles Learning Inventory (SERLI), an interactive measure that assesses gender-role attitudes. Overall, mothers’ and fathers’ behaviors were better predictors of children’s gender-role attitudes than parents’ ideology. In addition, mothers and fathers played unique roles in their sons’ and daughters’ acquisition of knowledge about gender stereotypes. Findings from the current study fill gaps in the literature on children’s gender development in the family context—particularly by examining the understudied role of fathers in children’s acquisition of knowledge regarding gender stereotypes and through its longitudinal exploration of the relationship between parents’ gender ideologies, parents’ gendered behaviors, and children’s gender-role attitudes.
Recognizing the Relevance of IS Research and Broadening the Appeal and Applicability of Future Publications

Highly applicable research is done not only by some IS faculty members, but also by software firms, consulting firms, and other organizations whose products and services depend on IS research they perform. The applicability of IS research done by academics is evident in the concepts and explanations in many textbooks. There should be little surprise, however, that practitioners who expect readability and direct applicability have little patience for IS publications shaped by the concerns and expectations of academia. It might be possible to broaden the acceptance and relevance of IS research publications by distributing them in both a short version designed to demonstrate relevance and a long version designed to demonstrate rigor and provide supporting details.
Developing and Assessing Undergraduate Students' Moral Reasoning Skills

What does deep ethical understanding look like and how can we measure the progression of this aptitude?" Qualitative and quantitative data collected from students in Contemporary Moral Problems courses over two successive semesters revealed that the development of moral reasoning skills is a slow process. The progression of moral reasoning does not occur in a linear fashion nor is there a point at which a person will have satisfied all of the necessary and sufficient conditions for good moral reasoning. Student artifacts collected present moral reasoning skills as more of an ebb and flow, a type of coherence model with ongoing adjustment of one’s beliefs, moral principles, values, and factual information.
Continuous optical sorting of HeLa cells and microparticles using optoelectronic tweezers

We demonstrate an automatic optical sorting technique that combines video image analysis, pattern recognition, and adaptive optoelectronic tweezers (OET) actuation on a continuously moving chip. This tool is capable of sorting cells and particles according to their visual characteristics at the single-cell level
Tratando de mejorar el drenaje; justicia restaurativa en un terreno no muy prometedor

This paper aims to contribute to the debate as to the most appropriate and effective way of implementing Restorative Justice in places where a more punitive mentality is prevalent. It provides an account of the author’s efforts to argue for RJ in Maine, USA, and reflects critically on the ethical and ideological dilemmas involved.
A dynamic bandwidth allocation rule for connection oriented DQDB-ATM and integrated services support

Metropolitan area networks are seen as backbones to local area networks interconnection. This will provide high speed integrated services to the user. We will briefly discuss the connection-oriented DQDB architecture, its internetworking with ATM, and the support of integrated services. We introduce the "sensitivity" of a connection, and show how it affects the required capacity with changing rates. We propose, QoS management layer (as a part of the management plane), in the connection-oriented DQDB which is responsible for mapping the QoS requirements and allocating resources dynamically. This is very attractive, particularly for "integrated-services" support.
Applying the TARSQI Toolkit to Augment Text Mining of EHRs

We present a preliminary attempt to apply the TARSQI Toolkit to the medical domain, specifically electronic health records, for use in answering temporally motivated questions.
Sympathetic regulation of cerebral blood flow during seizures in newborn lambs

We examined cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation by the sympathetic nerves in 12 newborn lambs (3-11 days old) during seizures, a potent reflex stimulator of the sympathetic nervous system. CBF was measured with microspheres, and seizures were induced with bicuculline. In six of these lambs, one hemibrain was denervated (D) chronically by interrupting the ipsilateral cervical sympathetic trunk; the other hemibrain remained innervated (I). Before and after 10, 35, and 70 min of seizures, cerebral gray matter blood flow (mean +/- SE ml.min-1.100 g-1) was, respectively, 12 +/- 3 (9%), 71 +/- 12 (21%), 120 +/- 15 (38%), and 54 +/- 5 (14%) greater (P less than 0.05) in the D than in the I hemibrain. In the cerebral white matter, hippocampus, caudate, and thalamus blood flows to the D and I hemibrains were similar before seizures but during seizures they were 10-39% greater (P less than 0.05) in the D than in the I hemibrain. Midbrain, brainstem, and cerebellum D and I blood flows were always similar. In the other six lambs, acute denervation during seizures increased ipsilateral cerebral gray and hippocampus blood flow by 10-31%, but unilateral electrical stimulation decreased ipsilateral cerebral gray, cerebral white, hippocampus, thalamus, and caudate blood flow by 17-27%. The data demonstrate that, during seizures, sympathetic nerve activity modifies regional CBF and the effect is sustained, suggesting a role for the sympathetic nervous system in newborn CBF regulation.
Effect of okadaic acid on utilization of lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl esters by rat steroidogenic cells

This study examines various functional, biochemical, and structural changes in rat adrenocortical and ovarian granulosa cells that could account for the decline in lipoprotein-supported hormone production after cell treatment with the protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. Although the steroidogenic pathway enzymes in these cells are not in themselves affected by okadaic acid, the intracellular transport of cholesterol to important cellular processing sites is defective. That is, okadaic acid does not interfere with the internalization of lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl esters, but the mitochondrial utilization of cholesterol obtained from intracellular cholesterol storage sites is 50% reduced as compared to control cells. Two-dimensional electrophoresis gels from okadaic acid-treated cells demonstrate a number of hyperphosphorylated proteins. Morphological examination of the affected cells reveal completely disrupted Golgi complexes with attendant structures, but otherwise the cells appear unchanged. The results suggest that some necessary sterol transport protein (or cofactor or associated membrane) is adversely phosphorylated by okadaic acid, and is rendered dysfunctional.
Ten requirements for a theory of change

In order to focus the discussion on temporal reasoning in Artificial Intelligence, we propose a list of requirements that a rigorous theory of time and change must meet. These requirements refer to the desired expressiveness of the formalism (such as representing continuous change) and to potential pitfalls (such as theinter- andintra-frame problems) that should be avoided. We “benchmark” some of the better known temporal formalisms that have been proposed in Artificial Intelligence by stating which of the requirements are met, in our opinion, by each formalism.
A verb is worth a thousand words: The causes and consequences of interpersonal events implicit in language

Abstract This research examines people's sensitivity to the causes and consequences of events implicit in interpersonal verbs. In Study 1, adults consistently attributed the cause of an action to the Agent for some action verbs (e.g., telephone ), and to the Patient for others (e.g., thank ). They consistently attributed the cause of an experience to the Stimulus rather than to the Experiencer for experiential verbs (e.g., amaze, admire ). Also, the consequences of interpersonal events were often judged to affect the Patient or Experiencer rather than the Agent or Stimulus. Study 2 showed that adults were sensitive to the causality implicit in interpersonal verbs even when they had not been explicitly asked to infer about the causes of the depicted events. In the last study, preschoolers were also sensitive to the implicit causality in interpersonal verbs, and their causal schemas were quite adult-like.
Galactic distribution models of gamma-ray burst sources

The log N-log S relationships for several galactic distribution models of gamma-ray burst sources are derived. The resulting curves are substantially different from the galactic curves usually assumed (slope = -1). There is a relatively weak dependence on the radial distribution assumed but a strong dependence on scale height. Available observational data from several experiments appear to rule out both thin disk distributions and extended halo distributions which have a strong radial density dependence. The prospects are good for obtaining self-consistent distribution data from future large-area detectors.
Examining the acquisition of phonological word-forms with computational experiments

It has been hypothesized that known words in the lexicon strengthen newly formed representations of novel words, resulting in words with dense neighborhoods being learned more quickly than words with sparse neighborhoods. Tests of this hypothesis in a connectionist network showed that words with dense neighborhoods were learned better than words with sparse neighborhoods when the network was exposed to the words all at once (Experiment 1), or gradually over time, like human word-learners (Experiment 2). This pattern was also observed despite variation in the availability of processing resources in the networks (Experiment 3). A learning advantage for words with sparse neighborhoods was observed only when the network was initially exposed to words with sparse neighborhoods and exposed to dense neighborhoods later in training (Experiment 4). The benefits of computational experiments for increasing our understanding of language processes and for the treatment of language processing disorders are discussed.