cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TapLogger: inferring user inputs on smartphone touchscreens using on-board motion sensors

Today's smartphones are shipped with various embedded motion sensors, such as the accelerometer, gyroscope, and orientation sensors. These motion sensors are useful in supporting the mobile UI innovation and motion-based commands. However, they also bring potential risks of leaking user's private information as they allow third party applications to monitor the motion changes of smartphones. In this paper, we study the feasibility of inferring a user's tap inputs to a smartphone with its integrated motion sensors. Specifically, we utilize an installed trojan application to stealthily monitor the movement and gesture changes of a smartphone using its on-board motion sensors. When the user is interacting with the trojan application, it learns the motion change patterns of tap events. Later, when the user is performing sensitive inputs, such as entering passwords on the touchscreen, the trojan application applies the learnt pattern to infer the occurrence of tap events on the touchscreen as well as the tapped positions on the touchscreen. For demonstration, we present the design and implementation of TapLogger, a trojan application for the Android platform, which stealthily logs the password of screen lock and the numbers entered during a phone call (e.g., credit card and PIN numbers). Statistical results are presented to show the feasibility of such inferences and attacks.
Improving instruction-level parallelism by loop unrolling and dynamic memory disambiguation

Exploitation of instruction-level parallelism is an effective mechanism for improving the performance of modern super-scalar/VLIW processors. Various software techniques can be applied to increase instruction-level parallelism. This paper describes and evaluates a software technique, dynamic memory disambiguation, that permits loops containing loads and stores to be scheduled more aggressively, thereby exposing more instruction-level parallelism. The results of our evaluation show that when dynamic memory disambiguation is applied in conjunction with loop unrolling, register renaming, and static memory disambiguation, the ILP of memory-intensive benchmarks can be increased by as much as 300 percent over loops where dynamic memory disambiguation is not performed. Our measurements also indicate that for the programs that benefit the most from these optimizations, the register usage does not exceed the number of registers on mast high-performance processors.
Uneven size distribution of mammalian genes in the number of tissues expressed and in the number of co-expressed genes

Tissue specificity, the traditional predictor of gene function, has recently been used to interpret the selective pressure associated with gene architecture. In this work, we examine gene structures and their relation to the number of tissues expressed and to the number of co-expressed genes, using a recent atlas of microarraybased mouse gene expression in 55 normal tissues. We define tissue specificity and expression-pattern specificity according to the number of tissues expressed and the number of co-expressed genes, respectively. We find that, consistent with previous findings, tissue non-specific (housekeeping) genes are short in all gene regions (coding regions, intron, 5 0 and 3 0 untranslated regions). However, in contrast to previous suggestion that tissue-specific genes are long, the genes that are the most tissue-specific (expressed only in one tissue) are also short. We further show that both expression-pattern-specific and non-specific genes are long in coding and non-coding regions. The origins for short tissue-specific genes and long expression-pattern-specific genes are not clear. Genes with highly non-specific expression patterns (i.e. genes with a large number of co-expressed genes) are composed of genes that spread all tissues but are overwhelmingly enriched in the central nervous system (e.g. brain). Thus, the large sizes of these genes are possibly related to the functional complexity and/or accelerated evolutions of the central nervous system.
Small-diameter vasculature detection with coherent flow Power Doppler imaging

Power Doppler (PD) imaging is a widely used technique for flow detection in clinics, and is utilized as an adjunct tool for prenatal/placental vessel evaluation. However, the sensitivity of PD in small vessel detection is limited by the small-diameter and slow flow of the placental vasculature, where abnormalities are indicative of disorders including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and early pregnancy loss. In order to provide more sensitive detection of placental vasculature, a coherent flow imaging technique, termed coherent flow power Doppler (CFPD), is characterized and evaluated with both simulation and flow-phantom experiment studies. The results from both studies suggest that CFPD is able to provide 15–25 dB increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Doppler images. Due to the increase in SNR, CFPD is able to detect small vessels in high channel noise cases, for which PD was unable to generate enough contrast on the vessel. Such cases are not uncommon among people with high body mass index. The results indicate that the CFPD method is a promising candidate for small vessel imaging.
Mesoscopic entanglement of atomic ensembles through non-resonant stimulated Raman scattering

Atomic ensemble entanglement can be generated by measuring the Stokes fields and verified by measuring the readout anti-Stokes fields. We model the effects of practical factors and find achievable entanglement regimes at mesoscopic-level excitation.
Excess mortality related to diabetes mellitus in elderly medicare beneficiaries

Abstract Purpose To determine whether diabetes remains an important contributor to mortality among the elderly. Methods A 5% national sample of Medicare claims was utilized to create a retrospective cohort study. Participants were 148,562 persons with at least one hospitalization or two outpatient visits for diabetes in 1994, who were alive on January 1, 1995, were ⩾65 years old, and were not in managed care in 1994; and 148,562 age, gender, and race matched controls without diabetes. Deaths were ascertained through 1999. Survival and proportional hazards analysis were used to calculate rates and relative risks. Results The mortality rate was 100.2/1000 person years (PY) among seniors with diabetes compared with 60.6/1000 PY without diabetes (age adjusted relative risk (RR) = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.81–1.86). Non-white minorities had a similar RR associated with diabetes (Hispanic 2.37, Asian 1.95, Native American 2.38, blacks 1.64) as whites (1.86). The mortality risk associated with diabetes decreased with increasing age, but remained significantly elevated even among those aged 85 years and older. In contrast, the absolute excess mortality attributed to diabetes increased with age. Conclusion The excess mortality associated with diabetes amongst all older ages suggests that greater attention to optimal diabetes treatment and prevention is needed.
Whither the Turn? The Ambiguous Nature of Nonprofits' Commercial Revenue

According to popular accounts, the nonprofit sector has become increasingly commercialized in recent years. This article reviews the empirical literature on the commercialization trend and discusses why it is regarded as significant by scholars of civil society. It then provides fresh analyses of nonprofit revenue streams and concludes that, contrary to conventional wisdom, there has not been a "commercial turn," if this is to be understood as a new material reliance on earned, non-donated income by nonprofit organizations throughout the sector.
Spatial Variability of Broiler Litter Composition in a Chicken House

SUMMARY Broiler litter composition—estimated through its pH, water content, and concentration of total P, total dissolved P, molybdate reactive P, total C, total N, NH3-N, ammoniacal N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Mn, Cu, and Zn—varied markedly according to the positions in the chicken house from where samples were taken. Variability was described by means of contour plots as well as univariate and multivariate analyses (principal components analysis). The evidence suggests that variation in litter composition was associated with the extent and conditions of its decomposition. The latter seem to have been influenced mainly by the interaction between management factors (maintenance of chickens in the brooder area and waterers operation), design attributes (ventilation system and building orientation), and birds’ preferences. Results suggest that the degree of litter decomposition (indicated by the inversely related proportions of mineral and organic elements), increased from the area around feeders (17% water) through the area in the center of the chicken house (30% water), up to the area around waterers (55% water). In the latter, however, anaerobic decomposition probably prevailed as evidenced by low pH and high NH4 + concentration. Decomposition also seemed more advanced in the brooder versus the nonbrooder area.
Mineral metabolism and aging: the fibroblast growth factor 23 enigma

Purpose of review—Our understanding of the regulation of mineral ion homeostasis is rather stagnant, and until recently the regulation of phosphate homeostasis was thought to be a passive process mediated largely by the well known calciotrophic hormones PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3. This article summarizes the emerging trends that i) show an active regulation of phosphate homeostasis by FGF-23, a process that appears to be fairly independent of calcium homeostasis, and ii) how altered mineral ion metabolism might affect the aging process. Recent findings—A major breakthrough in FGF-23 biology has been achieved by the demonstration of strikingly similar physical and biochemical phenotypes of Fgf-23 knockout and klotho hypomorph mice, which eventually led to the identification of klotho as a cofactor in FGF-23 and its receptor interactions. A new regulatory pathway has been defined, where FGF23, in presence of klotho has shown to activate downstream signaling events, by phosphorylation of FGF receptor substrate-2α, ERK, and Egr-1. Furthermore, FGF-23 has emerged as a counter regulatory hormone that influences 1α(OH)ase and NaPi2a activities in the kidney to regulate phosphate homeostasis. Finally, studies also point towards a role of DMP1 in influencing the regulation of phosphate homeostasis, in coordination with FGF-23. Summary—Recent in vivo mouse genetic studies have expanded our understanding of the biochemical and molecular pathways involved in phosphate homeostasis, and linked FGF-23 to the genesis of such regulation. A clear understanding of the molecular interactions of essential calcium and phosphate regulating factors will enhance our understanding of the coordinated regulation of mineral ion metabolism, and will help us to redefine the molecular pathology of age-associated lesions accompanied by abnormal mineral ion metabolism, that include but are not limited to vascular calcifications, and osteoporosis.
Detection of lectin–glycan interaction using high resolution surface plasmon resonance

We report the real-time and label-free detection of direct disaccharide binding to a lectin using a differential surface plasmon resonance detection method that allows for measurement of nanomolar concentrations of disaccharides.
Inverse Finite Element Characterization of Nonlinear Hyperelastic Membranes

It is advantageous in mechanics to identify experiments that correspond to tractable boundary value problems-this facilitates data reduction and interpretation. Increasingly more situations are arising, however, wherein experimentalists cannot dictate the geometry or applied loads during testing. Inverse finite element methods are, therefore, becoming essential tools for calculating material parameters. In this paper, we present numerical and experimental results that show that one such inverse finite element method is very useful in characterizing the mechanical behavior of neo-Hookean (rubber) membranes subjected to axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric finite inflations.
Effects of Curing and Oxidative Aging on Raveling in Emulsion Chip Seals

Although chip seals have a proven history of performance, several distresses are commonly encountered in the field. The most common distresses in chip seals are flushing or bleeding and aggregate loss from the top layer (i.e., raveling). Raveling is not restricted to the early life of the chip seal, but continue throughout the service life. The current state of knowledge and testing of the mechanisms governing raveling in chip seals does not sufficiently account for the effects of in-service emulsion-aggregate bond maturation and oxidative aging on chip loss over the expected service life of the chip seal. Emulsion-aggregate adhesion was thought to control the early raveling process, while the residual asphalt binder rheological properties and aggregate embedment in the emulsion might contribute to later raveling in chip seals. Raveling of chip seals subjected to varying degrees of time-temperature conditioning was evaluated to account for different chemical and physical interactions at the aggregate-asph...
Mediating Rights-Based Conflicts: Making Self-Determination Negotiable

How can the international community more effectively prevent self-determination conflicts from escalating to violence? The most useful way is to make such conflicts "negotiable," rather than standing by while minority groups and governments square off against each other. To do this, the international community must (1) understand what causes the parties to choose violence; (2) understand the dynamics that make such conflicts intractable, including the rights claims; and (3) design interventions that create more favorable conditions for minority groups and governments to negotiate rather than fight. Drawing upon the analysis of two major self-determination conflicts, this paper argues that such interventions should: include a clearer statement from official international bodies about the conditions under which secession will be deemed acceptable under international law; provide a mediated process in which minority groups and governments can convene to discuss their concerns and interests; and foster collaboration between official and non-official third parties in these negotiations to draw upon the strengths of both in assisting minority groups and governments to work through their differences.
The Boundaries and Limitations of Agency Theory and Stewardship Theory in the Venture Capitalist/Entrepreneur Relationship*

The dynamic ownership arrangements surrounding the venture capitalist–entrepreneur (VC–E) relationship inherent in new ventures make the examination of principals’ or venture capitalists’ (VCs) and...
New levels of language processing complexity and organization revealed by Granger causation

Granger causation analysis of high spatiotemporal resolution reconstructions of brain activation offers a new window on the dynamic interactions between brain areas that support language processing. Premised on the observation that causes both precede and uniquely predict their effects, this approach provides an intuitive, model-free means of identifying directed causal interactions in the brain. It requires the analysis of all nonredundant potentially interacting signals, and has shown that even “early” processes such as speech perception involve interactions of many areas in a strikingly large network that extends well beyond traditional left hemisphere perisylvian cortex that play out over hundreds of milliseconds. In this paper we describe this technique and review several general findings that reframe the way we think about language processing and brain function in general. These include the extent and complexity of language processing networks, the central role of interactive processing dynamics, the role of processing hubs where the input from many distinct brain regions are integrated, and the degree to which task requirements and stimulus properties influence processing dynamics and inform our understanding of “language-specific” localized processes.
Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children

BACKGROUND A critical review was conducted of the quantitative literature linking indoor air pollution from household use of biomass fuels with acute respiratory infections in young children, which is focused on, but not confined to, acute lower respiratory infection and pneumonia in children under two years in less developed countries. Biomass in the form of wood, crop residues, and animal dung is used in more than two fifths of the world9s households as the principal fuel. METHODS Medline and other electronic databases were used, but it was also necessary to secure literature from colleagues in less developed countries where not all publications are yet internationally indexed. RESULTS The studies of indoor air pollution from household biomass fuels are reasonably consistent and, as a group, show a strong significant increase in risk for exposed young children compared with those living in households using cleaner fuels or being otherwise less exposed. Not all studies were able to adjust for confounders, but most of those that did so found that strong and significant risks remained. CONCLUSIONS It seems that the relative risks are likely to be significant for the exposures considered here. Since acute lower respiratory infection is the chief cause of death in children in less developed countries, and exacts a larger burden of disease than any other disease category for the world population, even small additional risks due to such a ubiquitous exposure as air pollution have important public health implications. In the case of indoor air pollution in households using biomass fuels, the risks also seem to be fairly strong, presumably because of the high daily concentrations of pollutants found in such settings and the large amount of time young children spend with their mothers doing household cooking. Given the large vulnerable populations at risk, there is an urgent need to conduct randomised trials to increase confidence in the cause-effect relationship, to quantify the risk more precisely, to determine the degree of reduction in exposure required to significantly improve health, and to establish the effectiveness of interventions.
Endopolyploidy Changes with Age-Related Polyethism in the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) exhibit age polyethism, whereby female workers assume increasingly complex colony tasks as they age. While changes in DNA methylation accompany age polyethism, other DNA modifications accompanying age polyethism are less known. Changes in endopolyploidy (DNA amplification in the absence of cell division) with increased larval age are typical in many insect cells and are essential in adults for creating larger cells, more copies of essential loci, or greater storage capacity in secretory cells. However, changes in endopolyploidy with increased adult worker age and polyethism are unstudied. In this study, we examined endopolyploidy in honey bee workers ranging in age from newly emerged up to 55 days old. We found a nonsignificant increase in ploidy levels with age (P < 0.1) in the most highly endopolyploid secretory cells, the Malpighian tubules. All other cell types decreased ploidy levels with age. Endopolyploidy decreased the least amount (nonsignificant) in neural (brain) cells and the stinger (P < 0.1). There was a significant reduction of endopolyploidy with age in leg (P < 0.05) and thoracic (P < 0.001) muscles. Ploidy in thoracic muscle dropped from an average of 0.5 rounds of replication in newly emerged workers to essentially no rounds of replication (0.125) in the oldest workers. Ploidy reduction in flight muscle cells is likely due to the production of G1 (2C) nuclei by amitotic division in the multinucleate striated flight muscles that are essential to foragers, the oldest workers. We suggest that ploidy is constrained by the shape, size and makeup of the multinucleate striated muscle cells. Furthermore, the presence of multiple 2C nuclei might be optimal for cell function, while higher ploidy levels might be a dead-end strategy of some aging adult tissues, likely used to increase cell size and storage capacity in secretory cells.
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Homologous Factors Share Structural but Not Functional Homology with FGFs

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) interact with heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans and the extracellular domains of FGF cell surface receptors (FGFRs) to trigger receptor activation and biological responses. FGF homologous factors (FHF1-FHF4; also known as FGF11-FGF14) are related to FGFs by substantial sequence homology, yet their only documented interactions are with an intracellular kinase scaffold protein, islet brain-2 (IB2) and with voltage-gated sodium channels. In this report, we show that recombinant FHFs can bind heparin with high affinity like classical FGFs yet fail to activate any of the seven principal FGFRs. Instead, we demonstrate that FHFs bind IB2 directly, furthering the contention that FHFs and FGFs elicit their biological effects by binding to different protein partners. To understand the molecular basis for this differential target binding specificity, we elucidated the crystal structure of FHF1b to 1.7-A resolution. The FHF1b core domain assumes a beta-trefoil fold consisting of 12 antiparallel beta strands (beta 1 through beta 12). The FHF1b beta-trefoil core is remarkably similar to that of classical FGFs and exhibits an FGF-characteristic heparin-binding surface as attested to by the number of bound sulfate ions. Using molecular modeling and structure-based mutational analysis, we identified two surface residues, Arg52 in the beta 4-beta 5 loop and Val95 in the beta 9 strand of FHF1b that are required for the interaction of FHF1b with IB2. These two residues are unique to FHFs, and mutations of the corresponding residues of FGF1 to Arg and Val diminish the capacity of FGF1 to activate FGFRs, suggesting that these two FHF residues contribute to the inability of FHFs to activate FGFRs. Hence, FHFs and FGFs bear striking structural similarity but have diverged to direct related surfaces toward interaction with distinct protein targets.
Synthesis and characterization of epoxy‐functional polystyrene particles

Colloidal polystyrene particles with surface epoxy groups have been synthesized through surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with glycidyl methacrylate; and through copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and methyl methacrylate as shells around existing polystyrene seed particles. We developed two titration methods to quantify the number of epoxy groups that survived the polymerization processes. The styrene-GMA copolymer particles were judged to be unsatisfactory as model colloidal materials due to their size polydispersity and unknown internal distribution of epoxy groups. The core-shell particles had high epoxy surface densities with at least 60% of the initial epoxy groups surviving the synthesis process. TEM shows that the thickness of the epoxy-rich shell is less than expected based on the volume of monomers added, suggesting that some of the monomer forms water-soluble oligomers. Photon correlation spectroscopy measurements imply that the shell is swollen with water and consists of polymer configurations which extend out into solution. The morphological details vary consistently with the GMA content, and hence the hydrophilicity, of the shell polymer
Efficient observation-point insertion for diagnosability enhancement in digital circuits

Chip designers typically do not consider design-for-diagnosis (DfD) for manufacturing defects while implementing an integrated circuit and its design-for-test features. The lack of emphasis on DfD results in low diagnosis resolution and limited physical failure analysis (PFA) success rate when diagnosis is carried out using advanced techniques. To the best of our knowledge, no practical solution is available today to analyze the diagnosability of a design and improve it before tapeout. Furthermore, techniques that are specific to a given design cannot be reused for other chips. Therefore, we first propose a general structure-based diagnosability scoring model that can be used to analyze the diagnostic resolution for any chip. After the diag-nosability analysis, we consider inserting additional observation points (OPs) for diagnosability enhancement. Given a constraint on the maximum number of inserted OPs, we propose a three-stage OP insertion (OPI) method, which includes: (i) selection of hard-to-diagnose (HTD) faults; (ii) mixed location ranking based on a structure-based diagnosability “repair” scoring model; (iii) information update and final location selection for a better diagnosability “repair” effect. The use of OPI results in higher fault “repair” rates and significant improvement in diagnosabil-ity. Experiments on benchmark circuits and industrial designs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DfD solution.
Operating Room-to-ICU Handoffs Captured on Video: Are Transitions at Night More Dangerous?

RESULTS: A total of 315,400 records were analyzed (Table). Average age was 51.4 ( 19.9) years; 65.1% were female. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 0.3% (n1⁄41,023) of cases. Riskadjusted odds of conversion increased by 14% (95% CI 1.131.15) for each day that surgery was delayed. Risk-adjusted costs per patient were 122% higher (absolute difference $47,800) for patients who underwent conversion (relative 101% increase [absolute difference $41,100] when restricted to acute cholecystitis cases).
Just Rewards?: Revenues, Race, and the 2003 Expansion of the NBA Playoffs

In 2003, the NBA expanded the opening round of its playoffs from a best-of-five format to a best-of-seven format. Using data of playoff games from 1990-2013, I first show that the new format did not, as was commonly assumed, result in fewer upsets. It did, however, produce an additional 1.5 games on average and generate significant new revenues. Given the NBA’s compensation structure, I argue that this arrangement illuminates a broader relationship — one with a strong racial component — in which team owners and holders of the NBA’s broadcasting rights disproportionately benefit and labor is denied its true market value.
The Anthropomorphic Character of Human Science

(1) Our scientific picture of nature is the product of an interaction to which both parties — we investigators and nature herself — make a crucial and inseparable contribution. (2) The inquiring intelligences of an extraterrestrial civilization might also develop a science. (3) But it would not necessarily be anything like our science. For while it unquestionably deals with the same world, it would doubtless differ in mode of formulation, subject-matter orientiation, and in conceptualization. (4) The one-world one-science argument is ultimately untenable. (5) Natural science as we have it is a human artifact that is bound to be limited in crucial respects by the very fact of it being our science. (6) The world-as-we-know-it is our world — the projection on the screen of mind of a world-picture devised in characteristically human terms of reference. It is not that natural science cannot underwrite valid claims to realism, but rather that the reality of our science is a characteristically human reality.
The diagnosis of thalassemia trait by starch block electrophoresis of the hemoglobin.

Starch block electrophoresis of the hemoglobin has been performed for a group of adults who are the parents of children with thalassemia major. The hemoglobin electrophoretic pattern was found to be constantly abnormal in this group, in that the minor component with E-like mobility (designsated the A 2 component) constituted a greater than normal proportion of the total hemoglobin. Reduced mean cell (erythrocyte) volume was likewise found to be present in all members of the patient group. If it is assumed that typical childhood thalassemia major represents the homozygous state for the thalassemia gene, then the patient group studied constitutes a populations of adults heterozygous for thalassemia. Since microcytosis and an increase in the A 2 content were constantly present in this group, they are suggested as suitable minimum diagnostic criteria for thalassemia trait. The degree of elevation of the A 2 fraction was noted to have a discontinuous distribution. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that the degree of elevation appears to be identical in affected members of single pedigrees. The discontinuity in distribution observed is thus apparently under genetic control. The rather small difference in A 2 content between some normal and some thalassemia trait adults implies that the alteration of hemoglobin synthesis is a secondary phenomenon, since such "low-valued" thalassemia traits were not different in their clinical expression. Despite the smallness of this difference, quantitation of the A 2 fraction sufficed to distinguish these "low-valued" thalassemia heterozygotes from normal individuals.
Abstract 380: Comparison of 6-Year Outcomes of Bare-metal and Paclitaxel-eluting Stents: Results from New York Cardiac Registries

Background: Coronary stents are commonly used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Bare-metal stents (BMS) as the first generation stent and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) as a second generation stent are widely deployed in PCIs. However, the long-term comparative effectiveness of BMS vs PES in the real practice remains unclear. Our aim was to assess a comprehensive set of 6-year clinical outcomes of all patients undergoing PCI with either BMS or PES placement and to determine comparative effectiveness of BMS vs PES in “off-label” (ST Segment Elevation Myocardial , totally occluded lesions, left main disease, multiple vessels diseased, bypassed graft lesions, and ejection fraction75 years, and diabetes) patient subgroups. Methods: A 6-year longitudinal database was created by linking data from the New York State (NYS) PCI registry, the NYS Cardiac Surgery Reporting System (CSRS) registry, the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), the National Death Index (NDI) file, and the U.S. Census data (2010) for patients undergoing PCI with BMS or PES placement from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2007. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), subsequent coronary revascularizations (PCI or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) and target-vessel PCI (TVPCI). Propensity score-matched patients undergoing BMS or PES (n=13,879 pairs) were compared with respect to 6-year outcomes using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression models applied to propensity-matched patients. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics, comorbidities, clinical profile, vessel/lesion related risk factors, and hospital/physician level characteristics between BMS and PES after propensity score matching. Kaplan-Meier estimates indicated that there were significant differences between BMS and PES for 6-year all-cause mortality (BMS: 26.87%, PES: 22.0%, Log-rank P<0.001), AMI (BMS: 8.91%, PES: 8.89%, P=0.045), repeat revascularization (BMS: 34.14%, PES: 36.27%, P=0.004), and TVPCI (BMS: 15.43%, PES: 15.28%, P=0.01). After further adjustment with Cox models, PES use was associated with significantly lower occurrence of 6-year all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio : 0.74, P<0.001), AMI (AHR: 0.91, P=0.04), and TVPCI (AHR: 0.92, P=0.02) but higher occurrence of 6-year repeat revascularization (AHR: 1.08, P=0.001). The reason why BMS had lower repeat revascularization rate was because of its lower rate of repeat PCI in non-target vessels. For “off-label” and “high-risk” subgroups, PES had superior or non-inferior outcomes relative to BMS. Conclusion: Overall, PES improved clinical outcomes compared to BMS at 6 years. For each “off-label” or “high-risk” subgroup, the comparative effectiveness of PES vs BMS varied by the outcome assessed.
Perspectives on Work for People with Epilepsy

The employment concerns of people with epilepsy are considerable and have been evidenced for several decades. Specifically, issues around higher rates of unemployment and underemployment relative to the general population persist, despite evidence that people with epilepsy can engage in competitive employment, with or without reasonable accommodations, and are not a substantially greater safety risk in the workplace than individuals without epilepsy. This chapter provides an overview of the medical and psychosocial aspects of epilepsy, the economic issues associated with employment issues for both individuals with epilepsy and society, and discusses some of the variables that relate to employment activity. From there, the discussion turns to resources and strategies for workplace accommodations, the evidence base underlying vocational rehabilitation interventions, and ends with concluding thoughts about promising new directions of research in the areas of employer-based interventions and epilepsy self-management.
Extent of Lymph Node Dissection in Esophageal Cancer

Lymphadenectomy is a standard component of esophagectomy, but how extensive it should be for accurate cancer staging and to maximize survival is controversial. In developing recommendations for extent of lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy, we will first review new knowledge about the anatomy of the esophageal lymphatics, both within the esophageal wall and the “region,” and its implications for regional lymph node metastases, which in turn affect survival. We will then review the literature to develop recommendations for extent of lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy. Finally, we will examine controversies surrounding the mechanisms by which lymphadenectomy influences survival following esophagectomy.
The Word: An Essay on Seeing, Owning, and the Sacred

In the classical period of ancient Greece, Logos had a variety ofmeanings, most or all of which connoted one aspect or another ofHeraclitus's conception of the term, ``the rational governing principleof the universe''. The triadic semiotics of Charles Sanders Peircesuggests that, through the linguistic sign, humans construct structuresof meaning, which form the cognitive Worlds in which humans exist, thesubstantive content of consciousness, and which, as such, provide theexplanation for the Cosmos. The three-term Peircean Sign becomestriadic, however, only in conjunction with Peirce's Ground, whichprovides particular substantive values that form the basis ofconstructing the meaningful World. Thus, it is possible, for example, totrace in the heterogeneity of judicial doctrine in United States law thealternative sets of values that are available; the function ofWorld creation proceeds when the Ground is suffused with a particularvalue set. If Logos is conceptualized in terms of these value sets, thenit can be understood in terms of ``the rational governing principle ofthe World.'' In this understanding, the substantive content of theGround becomes equated with the Sacred. This conceptualization alsoprovides an alternative way of understanding the opening of the Gospelof John in the Christian Bible and the concept of the Trinity inChristian doctrine in terms of the creative powers of humans through theSign. The fact of this same creative power also provides a way ofunderstanding the strong limitations in ancient Israel on pronouncingthe Tetragrammaton.
Cardiovascular Pharmacogenomics—Implications for Patients With CKD

CKD is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, patients with CKD often require treatment with cardiovascular drugs, such as antiplatelet, antihypertensive, anticoagulant, and lipid-lowering agents. There is significant interpatient variability in response to cardiovascular therapies, which contributes to risk for treatment failure or adverse drug effects. Pharmacogenomics offers the potential to optimize cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and improve outcomes in patients with CVD, although data in patients with concomitant CKD are limited. The drugs with the most pharmacogenomic evidence are warfarin, clopidogrel, and statins. There are also accumulating data for genetic contributions to β-blocker response. Guidelines are now available to assist with applying pharmacogenetic test results to optimize warfarin dosing, selection of antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention, and prediction of risk for statin-induced myopathy. Clinical data, such as age, body size, and kidney function have long been used to optimize drug prescribing. An increasing number of institutions are also implementing genetic testing to be considered in the context of important clinical factors to further personalize drug therapy for patients with CVD.
Crystallization and Interconversions of Vapor-Sensitive, Luminescent Polymorphs of [(C6H11NC)2AuI](AsF6) and [(C6H11NC)2AuI](PF6)

The remarkable, vapor-induced transformation of the yellow polymorphs of [(C6H11NC)2AuI](AsF6) and [(C6H11NC)2AuI](PF6) into the colorless forms are reported along with related studies of the crystallization of these polymorphs. Although the interconversion of these polymorphs is produced by vapor exposure, molecules of the vapor are not incorporated into the crystals. Thus, our observations may have broad implications regarding the formation and persistence of other crystal polymorphs where issues of stability and reproducibility of formation exist. Crystallographic studies show that the colorless polymorphs, which display blue luminescence, are isostructural and consist of linear chains of gold(I) cations that self-associate through aurophilic interactions. Significantly, the yellow polymorph of [(C6H11NC)2AuI](AsF6) is not isostructural with the yellow polymorph of [(C6H11NC)2AuI](PF6). Both yellow polymorphs exhibit green emission and have the gold cations arranged into somewhat bent chains with signi...
An improved quasi-diabatic representation of the 1, 2, 3(1)A coupled adiabatic potential energy surfaces of phenol in the full 33 internal coordinates.

In a recent work we constructed a quasi-diabatic representation, Hd, of the 1, 2, 31A adiabatic states of phenol from high level multireference single and double excitation configuration interaction electronic structure data, energies, energy gradients, and derivative couplings. That Hd accurately describes surface minima, saddle points, and also regions of strong nonadiabatic interactions, reproducing the locus of conical intersection seams and the coordinate dependence of the derivative couplings. The present work determines the accuracy of Hd for describing phenol photodissociation. Additionally, we demonstrate that a modest energetic shift of two diabats yields a quantifiably more accurate Hd compared with experimental energetics. The analysis shows that in favorable circumstances it is possible to use single point energies obtained from the most reliable electronic structure methods available, including methods for which the energy gradients and derivative couplings are not available, to improve the quality of a global representation of several coupled potential energy surfaces. Our data suggest an alternative interpretation of kinetic energy release measurements near λphot ∼ 248 nm.
Plant Genotype and the Control of Nitrogen Fixation

Recently a nondestructive assay for nitrogenase activity was described that permits the monitoring of nitrogen fixation periodically throughout the lifetime of the nodulated soybean plant (Imsande, Ralston, 1981). This procedure, which relies upon hydroponic growth and the repeated measurement of acetylene reduction by the nitrogenase complex, is as follows: 1) seeds are sprouted aseptically in rolls of moistened germination paper; 2) approximately 3 days after emergence, the seedlings are transferred, aseptically, to hydroponic growth in a plant growth chamber; 3) after 21 days of aseptic hydroponic growth, the entire root system of each plant is immersed for 10 minutes in a pure culture Rhizobium japonicum, rinsed, and returned to hydroponic growth; 4) twice each week for approximately 8 weeks individual plants are weighed, assayed for acetylene reduction activity, and returned to hydroponic growth. Growth medium supplemented with 1.0 to 3.0 mM nitrate is changed twice each week (Ralston, Imsande, 1983). Using this procedure I attempted to identify individual soybean plants that fix nitrogen at a relatively high rate and to determine whether or not the capacity for enhanced nitrogen fixation is controlled by the plant genotype.
Metamathematics of Comparability

A number of comparability theorems have been investigated from the viewpoint of reverse mathematics. Among these are various comparability theorems between countable well orderings ([2],[8]), and between closed sets in metric spaces ([3],[5]). Here we investigate the reverse mathematics of comparability theorems for countable metric spaces, countable linear orderings, and sets of rationals. The previous work on closed sets used a strengthened notion of continuous embedding. The usual weaker notion of continuous embedding is used here. As a byproduct, we sharpen previous results of [3],[5].
Rapid experimental and computational determination of phenethylamine drug analogue lipophilicity

Abstract In this work, synthetic phenethylamine drug analogues were synthesized using a shotgun method and rapidly characterized via electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for structural confirmation, determination of partition coefficients (Log P) by a chloroform/water system, and evaluation of blood–brain barrier permeability by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA-BBB) to determine apparent permeability (Papp). Computational methods to validate the method and calculate theoretical Log P values and molecular lipophilic potentials (MLP) were used to supplement experimental data. These data were combined with Lipinski’s Rule of Five in a searchable ACD/Labs database for quick reference by forensic practitioners.
Potential Sources of Data on the Service Sector

This chapter provides a quick overview of the various sources of data on the service sector. It introduces the reader to finding key sources of data and understanding the advantages and disadvantages of data from these sources. This chapter will serve any researcher seeking to collect and conduct research on the service sector. The various sources are divided into two groups, Macro and Micro, based on the aggregation of data, and serves as a guide to readers in identifying relevant sources.
Foundations and Earth Supporting Walls

Any building structure requires a foundation system in order to transfer the loads to the supporting soil. The strength of concrete typically is 400–800 kip per square feet (ksf). Soils typically however, can safely withstand only pressures of 3–10 ksf. As a result the foundation system has to spread the load over a large surface area to reduce the pressure when it transfers loads from columns and walls to the supporting soil.
Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation In Multiple Myeloma Patients Age 70 Years and Older.

Abstract 4576 Introduction: High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto HCT) for multiple myeloma (MM) has shown improved survival compared to conventional chemotherapy. However, the larger clinical trials evaluating the role of auto HCT in MM have included patients who are generally younger than 65 years. Here we report the results of MM patients, age ≥70 years, who received auto HCT at our institution. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 84 patients, who underwent auto HCT between January 1999 and June 2010 at MDACC. Conditioning regimen was Melphalan 140 mg/m 2 (MEL 140) (N=9), 180 mg/m 2 (MEL 180) (N=20), and 200 mg/m 2 (MEL 200) (N=55). Disease response was assessed at day 100 post transplant. Results: Pertinent patient and disease characteristics are summarized in the Table. Median age at transplant was 72 (70-80) years. Median number of prior treatments was 1 (range: 1–8). Median time from diagnosis to transplant was 8.5 (2.4-151) months. No patient was in CR prior to auto HCT. Median CD34+ cell count and TNC was 4.56 (0.72-11.1) × 10 6 /kg and 10.53 (2.25-57) ×10 8 /kg, respectively. Median follow up is 2 (0.1-7.3) years. Grade III-IV organ toxicity was seen in 35 (51%) patients. Grade III-IV toxicity in patients who received MEL 140, MEL 180, and MEL 200 was 25%, 45%, and 44%, respectively (p value > 0.05). Non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days was 2%. Two patients died in first 100 days. Disease response in evaluable patients (N=79) at day 100 was: CR=15 (19%); VGPR=7 (9%); PR=41 (52%); and SD=10 (13%). Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from auto HCT was 2.1 years (95% CI 1.78–3.69) and 5.6 years (95% CI 5.51-NA), respectively. 2-year PFS and OS were 56% (95% CI 0.44–0.71) and 80% (95% CI 0.7–0.91), respectively. There was no difference in NRM, PFS, or OS in different MEL groups. Similarly there was no difference in TRM, PFS, and OS in patients ≥ 75 years compared to the patients Conclusion: Auto HCT in myeloma patients age ≥ 70 years is safe and feasible. Toxicity, NRM, response and survival were comparable to younger myeloma patients. The age alone should not be a contraindication for auto HCT. Disclosures: Shah: Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Orlowski: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding. Weber: Novartis-unpaid consultant: Consultancy; Merck- unpaid consultant: Consultancy; Celgene- none for at least 2 years: Honoraria; Millenium-none for 2 years: Honoraria; Celgene, Millenium, Merck: Research Funding. Giralt: Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Millenium: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty—Reducing Hospital Cost Through Fixed Implant Pricing

Abstract Background A large component of the cost of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the cost of the implants. We examined the pricing of revision THA implants to determine the possible savings of different pricing models. Methods From our institutional database, all revision THAs done from 9/1/2013 to 8/31/2014 were identified. The cost of the implants was analyzed as a percentage of the total cost of the hospitalization and compared to direct to hospital and fixed implant pricing models. Results Of 153 revision THAs analyzed, the cost of implants amounted to 36% of the total hospital cost. The direct to hospital cost and fixed implant pricing models would reduce the cost of an all-component revision to $4395 (saving $8962 per case) and $5000 (saving $8357 per case). Conclusion Both fixed implant pricing and the direct to hospital pricing models would result in a decrease in revision implant costs.
Preoperative autologous blood donation in healthy bone marrow donors contributes to pre-procedure anemia

Preoperative autologous blood donation in healthy bone marrow donors contributes to pre-procedure anemia
Jennings v. Rodriguez and the Future of Immigration Detention

Immigration detention will likely play a central role in the Trump administration’s efforts to increase deportations. Despite the President’s broad authority to detain, the U.S. Supreme Court will have an opportunity to limit that authority via a case that will be heard for a second time before the Court this year. In Jennings v. Rodriguez, the Court will consider both statutory and constitutional challenges to the government’s ability to detain certain individuals without providing them the opportunity to be released on bond. Not only does the Court’s decision in Jennings have the potential to restrict the government’s use of immigration detention, but it could simultaneously chip away at the plenary power doctrine, which traditionally accords Congress and the President broad authority to enact, administer, and enforce immigration law without judicial oversight.