cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal changes in expression of the receptor lin-12 and its ligand lag-2 prior to commitment in a C. elegans cell fate decision

During development of the C. elegans hermaphrodite gonad, two cells interact with each other, so that one chooses to become the anchor cell (AC) and the other becomes a ventral uterine precursor cell (VU). This interaction is mediated by the receptor LIN-12 and its apparent ligand LAG-2. We show that initially lin-12 and lag-2 are expressed in both cells, but prior to commitment, the expression patterns change in a reciprocal manner, so that lin-12 expression becomes restricted to the presumptive VU and lag-2 expression becomes restricted to the presumptive AC. In addition, lin-12 activity promotes expression of lin-12 and represses expression of lag-2. Furthermore, we show that positive autoregulation of lin-12 transcription in the presumptive VU is mediated by a cis-acting 5' regulatory sequence and is necessary to specify the VU fate. Our results suggest that transcriptional control is a component of the feedback mechanism involved in specifying the AC and VU fates.
In vivo assessment of microvascular blood content in the rectal mucosa using polarization-gated spectroscopy: Applications for colon cancer screening

Our group has developed a polarization-gated spectroscopy probe capable of interrogation of the colonic microvascular blood content. A human pilot study demonstrated that the rectal blood content is elevated in the presence of colonic neoplasia.
Simultaneous reconstruction of absorption and scattering maps with ultrasound localization: feasibility study using transmission geometry

We report the experimental results of the simultaneous reconstruction of absorption and scattering coefficient maps with ultrasound localization. Near-infrared (NIR) data were obtained from frequency domain and dc systems with source and detector fibers configured in transmission geometry. High- or low-contrast targets located close to either the boundary or the center of the turbid medium were reconstructed by using NIR data only and NIR data with ultrasound localization. Results show that the mean reconstructed absorption coefficient and the spatial distribution of the absorption map have been improved significantly with ultrasound localization. The improvements in the mean scattering coefficient and the spatial distribution of the scattering coefficient are moderate. When both the absorption and the scattering coefficients are reconstructed the performance of the frequency-domain system is much better than that of the dc system.
Metagenomic evidence for metabolism of trace atmospheric gases by high-elevation desert Actinobacteria

Previous surveys of very dry Atacama Desert mineral soils have consistently revealed sparse communities of non-photosynthetic microbes. The functional nature of these microorganisms remains debatable given the harshness of the environment and low levels of biomass and diversity. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the phylogenetic community structure and metabolic potential of a low-diversity mineral soil metagenome that was collected from a high-elevation Atacama Desert volcano debris field. We pooled DNA extractions from over 15 grams of volcanic material, and using whole genome shotgun sequencing, observed only 75 - 78 total 16S rRNA gene OTUs3%. The phylogenetic structure of this community is significantly under dispersed, with actinobacterial lineages making up 97.9% - 98.6% of the 16S rRNA genes, suggesting a high degree of environmental selection. Due to this low diversity and uneven community composition, we assembled and analyzed the metabolic pathways of the most abundant genome, a Pseudonocardia sp. (56% - 72% of total 16S genes). Our assembly and binning efforts yielded almost 4.9 Mb of Pseudonocardia sp. contigs, which accounts for an estimated 99.3% of its non-repetitive genomic content. This genome contains a limited array of carbohydrate catabolic pathways, but encodes for CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle. The genome also encodes complete pathways for the catabolism of various trace gases (H2, CO and several organic C1 compounds) and the assimilation of ammonia and nitrate. We compared genomic content among related Pseudonocardia spp. and estimated rates of non-synonymous and synonymous nucleic acid substitutions between protein coding homologs. Collectively, these comparative analyses suggest that the community structure and various functional genes have undergone strong selection in the nutrient poor desert mineral soils and high-elevation atmospheric conditions.
Prostacyclin inhibits mobilisation of fibrinogen-binding sites on human ADP- and thrombin-treated platelets

Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2), produced by the blood vessel wall is the most potent known inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by such stimuli as ADP and thrombin. It binds to a specific platelet receptor and activates adenylate cyclase, raising the cyclic AMP level in platelets. This property can be important because platelets participate in several significant interactions. For example, the interaction with fibrinogen or fibrin contributes to the formation of the haemostatic plug. Intact plasma fibrinogen is required for the aggregation of platelets induced by ADP, and endogenous platelet fibrinogen influences thrombin-induced aggregation. We have therefore studied the effect of prostacyclin on the interaction of fibrinogen with human platelets. We now report that prostacyclin inhibits the mobilisation of specific binding sites ('receptors') for fibrinogen on human platelets and that this effect parallels the inhibition of ADP- or thrombin-induced aggregation. The inhibitory effect of prostacyclin may limit the extent of platelet-fibrinogen interaction in vivo and in extracorporeal circulation.
Perception can influence the vergence responses associated with open-loop gaze shifts in 3D

We sought to determine if perceived depth can elicit vergence eye movements independent of binocular disparity. A flat surface in the frontal plane appears slanted about a vertical axis when the image in one eye is vertically compressed relative to the image in the other eye: the induced size effect (Ogle, 1938). We show that vergence eye movements accompany horizontal gaze shifts across such surfaces, consistent with the direction of the perceived slant, despite the absence of a horizontal disparity gradient. All images were extinguished during the gaze shifts so that eye movements were executed open-loop. We also used vertical compression of one eye's image to null the perceived slant resulting from prior horizontal compression of that image, and show that this reduces the vergence accompanying horizontal gaze shifts across the surface, even though the horizontal disparity is unchanged. When this last experiment was repeated using vertical expansions in place of the vertical compressions, the perceived slant was increased and so too was the vergence accompanying horizontal gaze shifts, although the horizontal disparity again remained unchanged. We estimate that the perceived depth accounted, on average, for 15-41% of the vergence in our experiments depending on the conditions.
On the Binary Codes of Steiner Triple Systems

The binary code spanned by the rows of the point by block incidence matrix of a Steiner triple system STS(v) is studied. A sufficient condition for such a code to contain a unique equivalence class of STS(v)'s of maximal rank within the code is proved. The code of the classical Steiner triple system defined by the lines in PG(n-1,2) ( n\geq 3), or AG(n,3) ( n\geq 3) is shown to contain exactly v codewords of weight r = (v-1)/2, hence the system is characterized by its code. In addition, the code of the projective STS(2^{n}-1) is characterized as the unique (up to equivalence) binary linear code with the given parameters and weight distribution. In general, the number of STS(v)'s contained in the code depends on the geometry of the codewords of weight r. It is demonstrated that the ovals and hyperovals of the definingSTS(v) play a crucial role in this geometry. This relation is utilized for the construction of some infinite classes of Steiner triple systems without ovals.
Synthesis of [O-methyl-11C]-4-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-propylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)[1,5-a]pyrazolo-1,3,5-triazine ([11C]DMP696): a potential PET ligand for CRF1 receptors

Synthesis of [O-methyl-11C]-4-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-propylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)[1,5-a]pyrazolo-1,3,5-triazine ([11C]DMP696), a highly selective CRF1 antagonist has been achieved. The total time required for the synthesis of [11C]DMP696 is 30 min from EOB using [11C]methyl triflate in THF, with a 16% yield (EOS) and >99% chemical and radiochemical purities along with a specific activity of >2000 Ci/mmol (EOS). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active detachment faulting in the San Francisco Bay area

Measurements of crustal deformation may help determine if mid-crustal reflectors imaged at ∼15 km depth below the San Francisco Bay area, California, are active detachment horizons that accommodate strike-slip shear and/or convergence across the region. Elastic dislocation models predict distinguishable secular surface displacements for fault geometries involving vertical shear zones or horizontal detachments only where faults step, bend, or branch along their trace. In the southern San Francisco Bay area, the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras fault zones splay from a single trace of the creeping central segment of the San Andreas fault. Whereas measured horizontal surface displacements in the central and northern bay area are equally well predicted by models of strike-slip faults below the major faults and by models involving a detachment, a zone of fault-normal motion observed in the southern bay area is not well explained by models involving only vertical strike-slip faults. A model involving detachment slip parallel to the San Andreas fault appears more consistent with the observations. We find no evidence for significant San Andreas fault-normal regional contraction or detachment faulting. However, additional data and better models are required to more confidently constrain the three-dimensional active fault architecture.
The writing of modern Turkey

How happy to call oneself a Turk: provincial newspapers and the negotiation of a Muslim national identity, by Gavin Brockett, Austin, TX, University of Texas Press, 2011, 312 pp., US$20.10 (paperba...
Development of flexible production systems for strip mining

Abstract Since the inception of the concept of flexible production systems (FPS) in the early nineteen sixties, FPS have been applied successfully to manufacturing, and, of late, to construction as well. As the mining production process exhibits some similarities to both manufacturing and construction, it is appropriate to consider the applications of FPS to strip mining with the objective of deriving the same process benefits as have already been obtained in manufacturing. The concepts of flexibility as understood in manufacturing are introduced and particular concepts for flexible strip mining systems (FSMS) are developed. The paper shows how FSMS can be applied and realized. The organizational and managerial prerequisites for such applications are discussed. A knowledge base for the consequent development of flexible strip mining is prepared and the application of current FMS planning and design concepts to strip mining is described. The paper concludes with the statement that FSMS is a viable new technology approach to the planning, design and equipment allocation in strip coal mines. Though the degree of flexibility is considerably lower in strip mining than in construction or manufacturing, strip mining can still be analyzed within the FPS framework. There is a potential for successful application of FPS in strip mining, especially in larger, more diverse mines.
Otero County: A demographic history of a Colorado High Plains County, 1889–1987

Abstract Otero County, situated on the High Plains of eastern Colorado, typifies many rural agricultural counties. This article surveys its history, demography, and social economy during the period from its formation in 1889 to 1987. It compares the county's demographic changes with those of the state and presents the county's changing age composition and net migration patterns. Population composition correlates with economic opportunity. The demographic and economic trends present in Otero, and most other out-lying Colorado counties, run counter to those of the state as a whole.
Can etoposide infusion during stem cell transplantation produce a febrile reaction mimicking bacterial sepsis

Can etoposide infusion during stem cell transplantation produce a febrile reaction mimicking bacterial sepsis?
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the head and neck.

Objectives The objectives of the study were to present four cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastatic to the head and neck, to recognize the appearance on radiographic studies, to understand the importance of preoperative embolization, and to review the results of treatment. Study Design Retrospective review of patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC to the head and neck. Methods The records of four patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC at a tertiary medical center over a 5-year period from 1996 to 2001 were reviewed and analyzed for demographic and outcomes data. Results Metastatic RCC to the head and neck was seen in the following locations: nasal cavity, lower lip, hard palate, tongue, and maxillary sinus. Presenting signs were loose upper molars, dysphagia, nasal obstruction, lower lip lesion, recurrent epistaxis, and foul nasal drainage. Histological studies confirmed metastasis of RCC in all four patients. Treatment consisted of preoperative radiation therapy, embolization, and local excision with adjunct chemotherapy. Conclusions Metastatic RCC to the head and neck is rare but can have serious consequences if not recognized before biopsy. We present several treatment options with local excision as the primary mode of treatment.
Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Studies on Metallophthalocyanine‐Oxygen Interactions in Nonaqueous Solutions

Redox chemistries of cobalt(II) and iron(II) phthalocyanines, as well as interactions of the reduced phthalocyanines with oxygen, have been studied using spectroelectrochemical and other transient electrochemical techniques in nonaqueous solutions including pyridine, dimethylsulfoxide, and dichloromethane. Results indicate that metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands are affected significantly by solvent molecules. The broad MLCT band observed from reduced cobalt phthalocyanine in the spectral region between the Soret and Q bands is shown to consist of two different transitions, generated at the first and second reduction potentials, respectively. The phthalocyanines undergo quasi-reversible election transfer reactions as characterized by electrode kinetic parameters. The results of studies on interactions of reduced cobalt phthalocyanine with oxygen indicate that the catalytic activities of phthalocyanines are achieved through a conventional regenerative catalytic mechanism. Metallophthalocyanines have been used as effective catalysts for oxygen reduction, which is used as a cathode reaction in fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
A SOFTWARE ENGINEERING DESIGN TOOL FOR MODELING HARD REAL-TIME PERFORMANCE

Hard real-time digital systems are a small but important segment of the installed software base because of failure impact. Deadline feasibility can be optimally determined in this domain through rate monotonic analysis, but performance is difficult to predict unless design change effects on spare capacity are measured. We measure units of concurrency as formal aggregations of reusable modules. In this manner, object-oriented construction can be compatible with hard real-time response requirements.
Frequency and importance of silent myocardial ischemia identified with ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in the early in-hospital period after acute myocardial infarction

Abstract The incidence and clinical significance of silent myocardial ischemia occurring in the early period after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was studied in 59 patients who had an uncomplicated early course after admission for AMI. Calibrated 2-lead ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring performed for 39 ± 2 hours starting 4 ± 1 days after AMI identified silent myocardial ischemia, defined as ≥ 1 mm ST-segment change lasting ≥2 minutes, in 27 patients. These patients had 5 ± 1 episodes lasting a median of 11 minutes/episode (range 2 to 36 minutes/episode). Patients with and without silent ischemia had comparable baseline demographics, were receiving similar antiischemic medications and had similar severity of coronary disease by angiography. No reinfarctions occurred during the in-hospital period. Fourteen of 27 patients (52%) with silent ischemia had ≥1 in-hospital clinical ischemic event (pulmonary edema, n = 5, cardiac death, n = 1, and postinfarction angina, n = 11). In contrast, only 7 of 32 patients without silent ischemia (22%) had ≥1 in-hospital event (pulmonary edema, n = 1, cardiac death, n = 1, and postinfarction angina, n = 6). The frequency of ischemic events was significantly greater in patients with silent ischemia compared to those without silent ischemia, p
POSTNEONATAL MENTAL AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS EXPOSED IN UTERO TO OPIOID DRUGS

Nous avons compare le developpement mental et moteur de 33 enfants en tres bas âge issus de quartiers tres defavorises, de familles noires americaines dont les meres utiliserent des drogues derivees de l'opium durant leur grossesse avec 45 enfants en tres bas âge issus de familles a la demographie comparable, et dont les meres n'utiliserent pas de drogues derivees de l'opium durant leur grossesse. Nous avons trouve que durant les deux premieres annees de la vie, les enfants exposes a des drogues derivees de l'opium reussissaient bien moins bien aux indices de developpement mental et psychomoteur de l'Echelle de Bayley et reussissaient egalement bien moins bien pour ce qui concerne les scores de fonctionnement mental et moteur du Niveau de Comportement du Nourrisson (Infant Behavior Record en anglais). Bien que les deux groupes d'enfants se comporterent normalement durant la toute petite enfance, les deux groupes firent preuve de tres fortes baisses dans leur scores comportemental durant leur deuxieme annee, compare aux normes. La plus mauvaise performance (en developpement mental) du groupe exposes aux drogues derivees de l'opium etait liee a des facteurs de risques du milieu social, et, pour ce qui concerne le developpement psychomoteur, a un poids a la naissance tres bas.
Adaptively identifying non-terminating code when testing student programs

Infinite looping problems that keep student programs from termi-nating may occur in many kinds of programming assignments. While non-terminating code is easier to diagnose interactively, it poses different concerns when software tests are being run auto-matically in batch. The common strategy of using a timeout to preemptively kill test runs that execute for too long has limita-tions, however. When one test case gets stuck in an infinite loop, forcible termination prevents any later test cases from running. Worse, when test results are buffered inside a test execution framework, forcible termination may prevent any information from being produced. Further, overly generous timeouts can de-lay the availability of results, and when tests are executed on a shared server, one non-terminating program can delay results for many people. This paper describes an alternative strategy that uses a fine-grained timeout on the execution of each individual test case in a test suite, and that adaptively adjusts this timeout dynamically based on the termination behavior of test cases com-pleted so far. By avoiding forcible termination of test runs, this approach allows all test cases an opportunity to run and produce results, even when infinite looping behaviors occur. Such fine-grained timeouts also result in faster completion of entire test runs when non-terminating code is present. Experimental results from applying this strategy to 4,214 student-written programs are dis-cussed, along with experiences from live deployment in the class-room where 8,926 non-termination events were detected over the course of one academic year.
Reactivity of the individual tyrosine side chains of myoglobin toward lodination

Abstract Horse and sperm whale myoglobin have been iodinated under conditions favoring the iodination of tyrosine, with the amounts of iodine added chosen to obtain only partial iodination. The iodinated proteins were cleaved with cyanogen bromide, and the peptides were separated on Sephadex. The amount of tyrosine and iodinated tyrosine in each fraction was determined from the results of amino acid analysis before and after performic acid oxidation. The results indicate that in horse myoglobin, tyrosine 146 (H22) is much less reactive than 103 (G4), while in sperm whale myoglobin, 146 and 151 (HC3) together are about as reactive as 103 alone. A peptide map of a tryptic digest of iodinated sperm whale myoglobin indicated the absence of the peptide containing 151, and the presence of the peptide containing 146. These results are therefore in agreement with the fact that the side chain of tyrosine 146 has been found to be buried in the interior of the molecule in the crystal.
A fractal analysis of protein to DNA binding kinetics using biosensors.

A fractal analysis of a confirmative nature only is presented for the binding of estrogen receptor (ER) in solution to its corresponding DNA (estrogen response element, ERE) immobilized on a sensor chip surface [J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 11384], and for the cooperative binding of human 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor (VDR) to DNA with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR) [Biochemistry 35 (1996) 3309]. Ligands were also used to modulate the first reaction. Data taken from the literature may be modeled by using a single- or a dual-fractal analysis. Relationships are presented for the binding rate coefficient as a function of either the analyte concentration in solution or the fractal dimension that exists on the biosensor surface. The binding rate expressions developed exhibit a wide range of dependence on the degree of heterogeneity that exists on the surface, ranging from sensitive (order of dependence equal to 1.202) to very sensitive (order of dependence equal to 12.239). In general, the binding rate coefficient increases as the degree of heterogeneity or the fractal dimension of the surface increases. The predictive relationships presented provide further physical insights into the reactions occurring on the biosensor surface. Even though these reactions are occurring on the biosensor surface, the relationships presented should assist in understanding and in possibly manipulating the reactions occurring on cellular surfaces.
Error Probabilities in PCM/FM with Phase-Lock Loop Discriminators

Previous literature has analyzed PCM/FM telemetry systems using idealized FM demodulators at the receiver. However, in many systems operating today, phase-lock loop demodulators are employed which depart noticeably from ideal operation as the loop falls ?out of lock.? In this paper an approximate expression for error probability is derived, which clearly indicates the effect of the loop on the previously published data using ideal discriminators. It is shown that the presence of the loop becomes apparent at input signal-to-noise ratios below approximately 3.5 dB, while the amount of error increase over the ideal case depends, to a large extent, upon the shape of IF filtering being used.
Sequential Patterns and the Music Teaching Effectiveness of Elementary Education Majors.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of sequential patterns of instruction and individual pattern components (including task presentation, student response, and teacher feedback) to the overall teacher effectiveness of music lessons taught by elementary education majors. Subjects were enrolled in three sections of a music methods course for elementary education majors (n = 20; n = 21; n = 20). All groups received similar instruction, and additionally, Experimental Groups 1 (passively) and 2 (actively) received instruction in sequential patterns. Groups completed four teaching tasks, which served as training for the presentation and analysis of a fifth music-concept lesson that provided data for the study. Music-concept lessons were evaluated by a master teacher for overall teacher effectiveness. Additionally, lessons were analyzed for time spent in and frequency of patterns and components. Results indicated no differences in teacher effectiveness scores. However, groups differed in am...
Management of aortopulmonary collateral arteries in Fontan patients: occlusion improves clinical outcome.

Children with chronic cyanotic heart disease often develop systemic-to-pulmonary artery collateral vessels that can be deleterious at the time of a Fontan procedure because of excessive pulmonary blood flow with resultant ventricular volume overload. We therefore occlude all significant collateral arteries during preoperative cardiac catheterization. From June 1993 to September 2001, 137 children ranging from 1.5 to 18.3 years old (median, 2.4 years), underwent a fenestrated lateral tunnel Fontan procedure. Of these, 130 (95%) had a previous bidirectional Glenn anastomosis, including 43 (31%) with a Norwood procedure. Preoperatively, 52 children (38%) required occlusion of collateral vessels. Two of five perioperative deaths (operative survival, 96%) resulted from excessive pulmonary blood flow; one from unrecognized collateral arteries and one from uncontrollable collateral arteries. Postoperatively, 29 children (22%) required coil occlusion of collateral vessels for elevated pulmonary artery pressures, heart failure, or prolonged chest tube drainage. At follow-up of 1.5 months to 8.3 years (mean, 4.1 years), there have been four late deaths (two from pneumonia, two secondary to heart failure); nine patients underwent cardiac transplantation for refractory heart failure. Ten of 11 patients with ventricular failure required occlusion of significant collateral vessels postoperatively. Hemodynamically significant collateral arteries are common in Fontan candidates. Aggressive control can result in good early and medium-term survival. After the Fontan operation, the presence of significant collateral vessels may be a marker for eventual cardiac failure; 11 of the 29 patients who required postoperative coil placement went on to transplantation or died of heart failure. Copyright © 2002 by W.B. Saunders Company
External Weld Overlays for Repair of Pressure Components

External weld metal deposit overlays have been successfully implemented in industry as both temporary and permanent repair for the restoration of thinning or degraded steel piping. Pressure components systems suffer from numerous degradation mechanisms, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), erosion-corrosion damage (EC), fatigue, and general corrosion. The magnitude of the damage induced in the component determines whether a weld overlay repair can be successfully applied to restore the component’s integrity. This paper addresses the use of weld overlays for repair of pressure components degraded by wall thinning due to corrosion, erosion-corrosion, MIC and other mechanisms.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Cytoskeletal Activation of a Checkpoint Kinase

The assembly of cytoskeletal structures is coupled to other cellular processes. We have studied the molecular mechanism by which assembly of the yeast septin cytoskeleton is monitored and coordinated with cell cycle progression by analyzing a key regulatory protein kinase, Hsl1, that becomes activated only when the septin cytoskeleton is properly assembled. We first identified a regulatory region of Hsl1 that physically associates with the kinase domain and found that it performs an autoinhibitory function both in vivo and in vitro. Several septin binding domains lie near and overlap the inhibitory domain; these are important for Hsl1 function, and binding of two septins, Cdc11 and Cdc12, relieves the autoinhibition imposed by the kinase inhibitory domain in vitro. Our results suggest that binding to multiple septins activates Hsl1 kinase activity, thereby promoting cell cycle progression. The high conservation of Hsl1 indicates that similar mechanisms may monitor cytoskeletal organization in other eukaryotes.
Concentrations of leptin in the serum of pregnant, lactating, and cycling rats and of leptin messenger ribonucleic acid in rat placental tissue

Leptin concentrations were measured in the serum of cycling, pregnant, and lactating Sprague-Dawley rats. Serum leptin concentrations did not vary significantly during the estrous cycle. In contrast, as gestation advanced, serum leptin concentrations increased significantly, p < 0.0001. Following delivery, leptin concentrations declined and remained stable during lactation. Leptin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was identified in the visceral adipose tissue and placenta of rats sacrificed on days 14 and 21 of pregnancy. The relative abundance of placental leptin mRNA increased approximately 4 to 5 fold from day 14 to 21 of gestation. The pattern of elevated leptin concentrations in the serum of late pregnant rats is similar to that reported in pregnant women, therefore the rat may be a useful model for the study of leptin during pregnancy. The increase in leptin in the serum of late pregnant rats, as well as an increase in placental mRNA, raises the possibility that leptin may serve a physiological role for the late parturient rat and/or its young.
Modeling sorption of anionic surfactants onto sediment materials: an a priori approach for perfluoroalkyl surfactants and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates.

A mechanistically derived model predicting the sorption of anionic surfactants to sediments was developed and evaluated for three classes of surfactants: perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. The model includes both hydrophobic and electrostatic components and estimates the contribution of each to the sediment−water distribution coefficient (Kd) using Gibbs free energy terms. The hydrophobic free energy term was calculated from the aqueous solubilities of non-charged alkylbenzene or perfluoroalkane analogs and prior observations of increases in Kd values with increasing chain lengths. The electrostatic term was calculated from aqueous solution measurements using the non-ideal competitive adsorption Donnan (NICA-Donnan) model. The NICA-Donnan calculations were performed using parameters previously derived for generic humic acids. These two terms were coupled by multiplying by the fraction of organic carbon in the sediment, foc, and a single fitting par...
Understanding schema incongruity as a process in advertising: Review and future recommendations

Information incongruent to schema has the potential to increase interest, memorability, and persuasiveness in consumers. For this reason, strategies evoking schema incongruity have often been used in advertising. Despite its presence in practice, our knowledge of how and why incongruity works in advertising is limited. The current paper proposes a four-stage process model by integrating Mandler's Schema Incongruity theory and Optimal stimulation level theory to increase our understanding of incongruity in advertising. Each stage will be discussed in detail with a focus on the impact factors that need to be addressed for using a successful incongruity strategy. Implications for marketers and advertisers as well as future research suggestions are provided.
Influence of a superactivated charcoal on the toxic effects of aflatoxin or T-2 toxin in growing broilers.

Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness of a superactivated charcoal (SAC) in alleviating mycotoxicosis, two experiments were conducted in which 432 male broiler chicks (216 per experiment) were fed diets containing 4 mg aflatoxin (AF) or 6 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet, with and without 0.5% SAC, from 1 to 21 d of age. Feeding AF and T-2 toxin significantly decreased BW gain over the 21-d experimental period. Inclusion of SAC in the diet containing AF resulted in BW gains that were intermediate between gains of chicks fed AF and those of controls. No benefits were seen in BW gain when SAC + T-2 toxin was fed. Feeding AF increased relative weights of liver, spleen, and kidney; however, only liver weight in Experiment 1 was similar to controls when SAC was included. Of the blood parameters altered by AF (decreased cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and increased mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit in Experiment 1; decreased albumin and total protein, and increased creatine kinase in Experiment 2) only urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and inorganic phosphorus (Experiment 1) and hematocrit (Experiment 2) were comparable to controls when SAC was included in the diet. Feeding T-2 toxin decreased serum cholesterol, total protein, urea nitrogen, and mean corpuscular volume; however, only cholesterol and mean corpuscular volume were improved with the addition of SAC (Experiment 1). Oral lesions were observed in birds fed T-2 toxin with no difference in severity when SAC was added in Experiment 1, however in Experiment 2, birds fed SAC + T-2 had a significantly lower lesion scores than those fed T-2 alone. Mortality was noted in both experiments but was not influenced by SAC treatment. These findings suggest that the addition of dietary SAC is marginally effective in alleviating some of the toxic affects associated with AF, but was of little benefit when T-2 toxin was fed to growing broiler chicks.
Recurrent hemolytic-uremic syndrome with the hypomorphic fast allele of the third component of complement

I. Bowers LD: Kinetic serum creatinine assays. 1. The role of various factors in determining specificity. Clin Chem 1980;26:551. 2. Mori L, Jarvie T: Negative ketone interference with creatinine determinations on the KDA. Clin Chem 1983;29:733. 3. Chittenden C: Interference seen on Astra systems chemistries. Astra Adv 1982;1:1. 4. Marbach EP, Weft MH: Rapid enzymatic measurement of blood lactate and pyruvate: use and significance of metaphosphoric acid as a common precipitant. Clin Chem 1967; 13:314. 5. Lebel RR, Gutmann FD, Mazumdar DC, Grzys M: Creatinine determination in ketosis. N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1671. 6. O'Connor LR, Klein KL, Bethune JE: Hyperp'hosphatemia in lactic acidosis. N Engl J Med 1977;297:707~ 7. Formmer JP: Lactic acidosis. Med Clin North Am 1983; 67:815.
Src activity alters α3 integrin expression in colon tumor cells

Src kinase has been linked to increased motility in the progression and metastasis of human colon cancer, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Integrins are involved in metastasis by mediating attachment and migration of cells, as well as through transducing signals. This study examines the link between Src and integrin activity in the metastatic process in colon cancer cells. To determine Src involvement in integrin expression, the human colon cancer cell line, HCT116, was transfected with an activated Src construct and assayed for its ability to attach to and migrate across collagen and laminin. These cells attached more readily and migrated less rapidly on the extracellular matrix (ECM) than did cells transfected with empty vector. Examination of integrin levels showed a decrease in the α3 subunit in Src transfected cells as well as decreased cell surface localization of α3 integrin. The downregulation of α3 integrin was reversed by inhibition of Src and by inhibition of MAP kinase. Inhibition of α3 integrin using shRNA resulted in decreased MMP7 secretion, a possible cause of decreased invasion with low α3 integrin expression. This study shows that Src overexpression downregulates α3 integrin total protein expression and localization to the cell surface of HCT116 colon cancer cells. This indicates that Src activity may enhance metastasis by altering α3 integrin expression.
A hybrid/analog-digital one-parameter optimizer

In this paper the author examines whether it is possible to determine, with the aid of an analogue computer, simulating a system the best method to locate automatically the optimum value, provided such a value exists, of a parameter influencing in an undetermined way the behaviour of this system. Afterwards, the author examines if the solution so obtained is unique.
Mixed ferrocene-glucose oxidase--carbon-paste electrode for amperometric determination of glucose.

Abstract The simultaneous incorporation of ferrocene derivatives and glucose oxidase into a carbon-paste matrix results in an effective microelectrode for sensing glucose. The close proximity of the enzymatic, redox mediating and sensing sites offers extremely short response times ( t 95% =18 s) compared with early ferrocene-based glucose sensors. Several ferrocene derivatives are evaluated, with 1,1′-dimethylferrocene yielding the best results. The influence of the paste composition, operating potential, glucose concentration and other variables is described. The incorporation of stearic acid into the enzyme-containing paste greatly reduces the interference due to ascorbic acid. The microelectrode is easily fabricated, as time-consuming multi-step immobilization schemes are eliminated. Flow-injection measurements at a rate of 90 samples per hour and relative standard deviations of 3% are also reported.
The Effects of Mood, Cognitive Style, and Cognitive Ability on Implicit Learning.

Abstract In an experiment with 109 undergraduates, we examined the effect of mood, cognitive style, and cognitive ability on implicit learning in the Artificial Grammar (AG) and Serial Reaction Time (SRT) tasks. Negative mood facilitated AG learning, but had no significant effect on SRT learning. Rational cognitive style predicted greater learning on both tasks, but this effect on SRT was mediated by cognitive ability. SRT, but not AG learning was significantly correlated with Math and English scores on the ACT. These findings confirm and contradict previous research. The association of negative mood and rational cognitive style with AG confirms that AG learning is facilitated by systematic, bottom-up processing. However, the lack of converging evidence for the SRT task suggests that the tasks involve different aspects of implicit processing. Theoretical explanations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
A new method for the preparation of high capacity glass beads for gas liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography

Introduction a une methode de base pour produire des phases stationnaires de particules spheriques de verre de meme taille
X-ray Reflectivity as a Probe of Mineral-Fluid Interfaces: A User Guide

The many tools with which one can probe the atomic-scale structures of surfaces include electron-, ion-, and X-ray based techniques (e.g., low energy electron diffraction, Rutherford ion backscattering, X-ray diffraction, photoelectron diffraction), as well as scanning probe microscopies (e.g., scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy) (Somorjai 1981; Woodruff and Delchar 1986; Zangwill 1988; van Hove 1999). These tools have been extremely valuable for revealing surfaces structures and processes at ultra-high vacuum conditions. However, most of these surface-sensitive techniques suffer from the substantial shortcoming, from the perspective of mineral-fluid interface studies, that they cannot be applied to surfaces in contact with water. It is preferable to measure mineral-fluid interface structures in situ for direct insight into the geochemical phenomena of interest because there is no reason to assume that a mineral surface can be removed from an aqueous solution without substantially modifying the surface structure or properties. X-rays are an ideal probe of mineral-water interfaces. X-rays readily penetrate macroscopic amounts of water and can therefore investigate the mineral-water interface directly, in situ . X-rays can measure atomic scale structures, such as the separation of individual atoms or molecules, because X-ray wavelengths are comparable to atomic sizes (Warren 1990). In fact, the interaction of X-rays with matter is known at a very fundamental level, and X-ray based techniques can provide truly quantitative data concerning the arrangements of atoms through a variety of approaches, such as crystallography and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Als-Nielsen and McMorrow 2001). These characteristics can also be used to study the structure of the mineral-fluid interface (e.g., atomic locations, bond lengths) with sub-Angstrom precision. Of the many X-ray based techniques available, a very powerful approach for probing interfacial structures is based on the measurement of X-ray reflectivity. The X-ray reflectivity is simply defined as the ratio …
Risk of Major Morbidity and Death in Older Adults with Suicidal Intent: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis from the National Poison Data System, 2000–2009

OBJECTIVES: To describe suicide-related exposures in older persons according to sex, age, and substance category reported to U.S. poison control centers (PCCs) and report the crude relative risk (RR) of major effects and death from pharmaceuticals and nonpharmaceutical substances after single- and multiple-substance exposures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of American Association of Poison Control Centers National Poison Data System (NPDS) data. SETTING: Calls to U.S. PCCs. PARTICIPANTS: NPDS cases involving individuals aged 60 and older with an exposure to a pharmaceutical or nonpharmaceutical substance and suicide as the reason (n = 46,494). MEASUREMENTS: Major effect and death probabilities for single- and multiple-substance exposures to pharmaceuticals and nonpharmaceuticals were determined. In the NPDS, a major effect is defined as symptoms or signs that are life-threatening or resulted in significant residual disability or disfigurement. Crude RRs of major effects or death were estimated for single and multiple pharmaceutical substances in comparison with nonpharmaceutical substances. RESULTS: Single-substance exposures occurred in 53.3% of cases. Overall, 92.3% involved pharmaceuticals and 64.4% involved women. In the total sample, 12.7% (5,895/46,494) of exposures resulted in major effect, and 1.9% (884/46,494) resulted in death. The crude RR of major effects in single-substance pharmaceutical exposures was significantly lower than with nonpharmaceutical exposures (RR = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-0.59), as was death (RR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.20-0.30). For multiple-substance exposures, the crude RR of major effects from pharmaceuticals was similar to that for nonpharmaceuticals (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.80-1.06), whereas the crude RR of death from pharmaceuticals was significantly lower (RR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.40-0.77). CONCLUSION: These findings can inform suicide prevention strategies that focus on decreasing at-risk older adults' access to dangerous medications and chemicals in the home. Language: en
On the Origin and Persistence of Misconceptions in Goal Programming

During the last two decades there has been wide application of goal programming. Despite this popularity, goal programming theories have been extensively criticized. Although some criticism may originate from the valid assessment of goal programming, large portions of the criticism seem to stem from confusions and misconceptions in underlying goal programming theories. In this paper, the origin of critical views on goal programming is uncovered and synthesized, to set the stage for a balanced discussion of the pros and cons of goal programming. Through such a discussion, the critical points are validated and, if necessary, some possible remedies for the weakness of goal programming are sought. Hence, the major intent of this paper is to provide a variety of future research ideas which, it is hoped, lend themselves to the further development and application of goal programming rather than provoking any controversies surrounding goal programming.
The relationship between religiosity and mental health: Distinguishing between shame and guilt

In this article, we examined, first, the relationship between religiosity and mental health using the distinction introduced by Batson & Ventis (1982) between amount of religious involvement and re...
Using poetry to discover and share significant meanings in child and adolescent mental health nursing.

TOPIC Does writing and reading poetry help nurse-therapists, students, and clients reflect on significant meanings and gain a greater understanding of intense clinical situations? PURPOSE To describe the use of poetry in managing intense feelings, discuss the relevant literature, articulate how students and clients responded to the use of poetry, and address the limitations of such an approach. SOURCES Published literature, clinical expertise, and poems written by the author. CONCLUSIONS Writing and reading poetry helps clinicians, students, and clients give voice to situations that touch their hearts. Poetry and literature should be used more extensively in clinical and educational settings.
Justified until proven guilty: Alston's new epistemology

Analyse des theses epistemologiques de W.Alston concernant l'experience mystique de son livre Perceiving God (1991)
Realism About Rape Law: A Comment on 'Redefining Rape'

One reaction to the paper by Professor David Bryden is that legal reformers (like humans generally) don’t learn much from the experiences of prior generations. Though Professor Bryden does not make this point quite so directly, it must have been in his mind when he compared the rape law reformers of the 1980’s and 1990’s with the environmental law reformers of the 1970’s. According to Bryden, the reformers shared many qualities. I wish to focus on two related qualities: the zeal of the reformers, which causes them sometimes to ignore the complex reality of how law actually functions; and what I believe to be a misplaced faith in the ability of law to change longembedded cultural norms and the behavior that manifests those norms. In making these points, I will also offer comments on Professor Bryden’s paper, “Redefining Rape.” Like “Rape in the Criminal Justice System,” an earlier paper he coauthored with Sonja Lengnick, “Redefining Rape” is legal scholarship at its best. The earlier paper examined the empirical question of rape case attrition—the loss of rape
Structural analysis of a TiAl3 + ZrO2 particulate composite

Abstract The mechanical properties, microstructure and crystallographic structure of TiAl 3 + ZrO 2 particulate composites as well as TiAl 3 without ZrO 2 , consolidated by explosive-induced pressuring, were studied. The compacts prepared by the explosive compaction technique were crack free, highly dense and structurally sound. Slight improvements in fracture toughness values of compacts were obtained with ZrO 2 addition and attributed to the presence of the tetragonal form of ZrO 2 . Post-shock annealing at 850°C for 4 h retained approximately 12% of the ZrO 2 in the tetragonal form. TiAl 3 exhibited DO 22 structure both in rapidly solidified powder and in the consolidated form.