cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Cycles to Purify Concentrated Feeds Containing a Strongly Adsorbed Impurity with a Nonlinear Isotherm: The PSA−TSA Supercycle

A new adsorption process is developed to remove a strongly adsorbing gaseous impurity that has a very nonlinear isotherm from a non- or weakly adsorbing gas. This process, a number of pressure-swing cycles with low purge ratios followed by thermal regeneration, is called a PSA−TSA supercycle because it consists of thermal cycles on top of PSA cycles. The PSA cycles never reach cyclic steady state by themselves, although the supercycle does reach cyclic steady state. A water/nitrogen mixture with zeolite 13X is taken as model system because water exhibits strongly nonlinear adsorption characteristics. At low feed concentrations (1000 ppm water), PSA works well and is the preferred method. At intermediate feed concentrations (4000 ppm water), TSA is the preferred method. The PSA−TSA supercycle is better than PSA and TSA in handling high solute concentrations in the feed (40 000 ppm water) and producing high-purity product (1 ppm water). PSA fails to meet this purity, and TSA has low productivity. The new hy...
Mechanisms of action of IVIg and therapeutic considerations in the treatment of acute and chronic demyelinating neuropathies

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an immunomodulating agent that has multiple activities, including modulation of complement activation products, suppressing idiotypic antibody, saturating Fc receptors on macrophages, and suppressing various inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteinases. Because all these factors are implicated to various degrees in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated demyelination of the PNS, administration of IVIg could be beneficial in treating neuropathies by suppressing the immune-mediated processes that are directed against myelin or axonal antigenic targets. This article outlines the actions of IVIg in CIDP and other autoimmune neuropathies based on data derived from in vivo and in vitro studies. The predominant mechanisms by which IVIg exerts its action on these neuropathies appear to be a combined effect on complement inactivation, neutralization of idiotypic antibodies, cytokine inhibition, and saturation of Fc receptors on endoneurial macrophages.
Prevalence and Types of Misrepresentation of Publication Record by Pathology Residency Applicants

Context.—Publication misrepresentation among residency applicants has been demonstrated in various specialties. This study examines the prevalence of publication misrepresentation among US-trained and non–US-trained pathology residency applicants. Objective.—To determine the prevalence of publication misrepresentation in the pathology applicant pool at our institution, to compare the rates of misrepresentation among US-trained and non–US-trained applicants, and to compare results to published results from other medical specialties. Design.—All peer-reviewed journal articles reported on applications to our program in 2010 and 2011 were examined for veracity. Applications from current or past trainees and applications with unverifiable manuscripts were excluded. The type of misrepresentation and the country in which the applicant trained were recorded. Results.—Seven hundred applications were reviewed. Of 319 (46%) reported publications, 25 were from US graduates (8%) and 294 (92%) were from non-US graduate...
Specific contact resistivity of indium contacts to n-type CdTe

Indium alloyed to n-type CdTe of about 1016 cm-3 electron concentration provides a contact resistivity of about 7 x 10-3 ohm cm2. This is achieved by alloying for 10 minutes at 150-450‡C in a sealed ampoule with an overpressure of cadmium. If the alloying is done in an open tube H2 flow without a Cd vapor overpressure, alloying temperatures above 250‡C cause the contact resistance to rise as cadmium vacancies increase the compensation in the CdTe. Further improvement of the contact resistivity to 1 x 10-3 ohm cm is obtained by a 900‡C diffusion of In into the n-CdTe (electron concentration 1016 cm-3 before the diffusion).
A survey of IM residents’ and GI fellows’ knowledge regarding evaluation of abnormal liver tests

A survey of IM residents’ and GI fellows’ knowledge regarding evaluation of abnormal liver tests
A Viral dsRNA Element of the Chestnut Blight Fungus with a Distinct Genetic Organization

Abstract We have sequenced overlapping complementary DNA clones representing the viral double-stranded (ds) RNA from hypovirulent strain NB58 of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Cryphonectria hypovirus 2-NB58 (CHV2NB58) dsRNA contains 12,507 base pairs, excluding the poly(A) tail at the 3′ end of the plus strand, and is organizationally similar to the largest dsRNA from the virus of strain EP713 (CHV1-713; ≡ HAV; Shapira et al., (1991), EMBO J. 10, 731739). CHV2-NB58 and CHV1-713 dsRNAs share approximately 60% nucleotide sequence identity. On the poly(A)-containing strand of CHV2-NB58, a 487-residue nontranslated region precedes two open reading frames, designated ORF A (438 codons) and ORF B (3291 codons). The connecting pentanucleotide sequence UAAUG (1802-1806) terminates ORF A and initiates ORF B. In contrast to the 69-kDa ORF A product of CHV1-713, the 50-kDa CHV2-NB58 ORF A product did not undergo autoproteolysis under the conditions tested, nor were motifs associated with cysteine proteases present in the CHV2-NB58 ORF A sequence. CHV2-NB58 ORF B products appear to be homologous with CHV1-713 ORF B products, and the motifs involved in autoproteolysis of the N-terminal 48 kDa of CHV1-713 ORF B were identified in the CHV2-NB58 ORF B product. Motifs associated with RNA polymerase and helicase activities were highly conserved between CHV2-NB58 and CHV1-713 and were found at similar genomic positions in the C-terminal half of ORF B.
Assessing Women’s Negative Commentary on Their Own Bodies: A Psychometric Investigation of the Negative Body Talk Scale

Our article details the development of the self-report Negative Body Talk (NBT) scale and five studies (all conducted with samples of U.S. undergraduate women) supporting the psychometric soundness...
Gone Today but here Tomorrow: Extending the Unfolding Model of Turnover to Consider Boomerang Employees

Turnover research typically views voluntary turnover as an end state that severs the employment relationship permanently. However, this perspective overlooks the possibility that an employee who quits may return in the future. Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggest that these �Boomerangs� can be a valuable staffing resource for their organizations. Yet, research regarding this type of employee is largely absent. Thus, we know little about whether the experiences of these temporary leavers differ from those who leave an organization permanently. In this paper, we examined differences between Boomerangs (employees who quit but are later rehired) and �Alumni� (employees who quit but will not return) using both qualitative and quantitative data. In a large sample of professional service employees, we found that Boomerangs and Alumni reported different reasons for having quit, which meant they were more likely to be classified on different paths in the unfolding model of turnover. In addition, survival analyses on the time to turnover suggest that Boomerangs quit earlier than Alumni in their original tenure, paradoxically suggesting that employees who quit earlier may be the very employees who will return in the future. Together, our findings suggest an extension to the unfolding model that considers how the timing of and reasons for turnover impact post-turnover (return) decisions.
Neuroprotective effect of treatment with human albumin in permanent focal cerebral ischemia: histopathology and cortical perfusion studies

Abstract In recent experimental studies, we demonstrated a highly beneficial neuroprotective effect of moderate- to high-dose human albumin treatment of transient focal cerebral ischemia, but we did not define the effect of albumin therapy in permanent focal cerebral ischemia. In this study, anesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion by retrograde insertion of an intraluminal nylon suture coated with poly- l -lysine. Albumin was administered i.v. at 2 h after onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion, in doses of either 1.25 ( n =8) or 2.5 g/kg ( n =6). In a separate group of animals, albumin (2.5 g/kg) was given 1 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion ( n =6). Vehicle-treated rats ( n =6) received 0.9% saline in equivalent volumes. Neurological status was evaluated during and 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. One day after middle cerebral artery occlusion, infarct volumes and brain edema were determined. In a separate group of animals, cortical perfusion was assessed by Laser-Doppler perfusion imaging. Albumin (1.25 g/kg; n =3) or vehicle (sodium chloride 0.9%; n =3) was administered at 2 h after onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Higher-dose albumin therapy (2.5 g/kg) significantly improved the neurological score compared to vehicle rats at 24 h, when administered at either 1 or 2 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Total infarct volume was reduced by albumin (2.5 g/kg given at 2 h) by 32% compared with vehicle-treated rats. Both albumin doses (1.25 and 2.5 g/kg) significantly reduced cortical and striatal infarct areas at several coronal levels when administered at 2 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain swelling was not affected by albumin treatment. Cortical perfusion declined during middle cerebral artery occlusion in both groups. Treatment with albumin led to 48% increases in cortical perfusion ( P
Use of Quantum Methods with Transition State Theory: Application to H-Atom Metathesis Reactions†

The use of quantum chemical methods to determine rate constants for some H-atom metathesis reactions using transition state theory and tunneling corrections is explored. Comparisons are made among several methods (DFT, MP2, QCISD), all of which yield similar structures and frequencies for the transition states, but quite different barrier heights. Tunneling corrections are made using either the well-known Eckart method or one based on the WKB approach. We find that we can fit the extant data by varying the barrier heights using either tunneling approach, although the WKB method is both more accurate and more labor intensive. Values of the barrier heights obtained this way are not in good agreement with those obtained from any of the quantum methods.
A semiclassical tunneling model for use in classical trajectory simulations

A semiclassical model for tunneling from one classically allowed region on a potential energy surface to another is described. The principal feature of this model, compared to earlier (more ‘‘rigorous’’) multidimensional semiclassical tunneling theories, is that it can be implemented in a straightforward way within the framework of a standard classical trajectory simulation. Applications to several examples of unimolecular isomerization and unimolecular dissociation show that the model is capable of providing excellent results over a wide range of conditions (i.e., coupling strengths, different symmetries of couplings, etc.)
Studies on the nucleotide specificity of mitochondrial inner membrane particles.

Abstract Submitochondrial particles obtained by treatment with digitonin and by sonication were compared in order to examine the specificity of the phosphate acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation. The digitonin particles behave like intact mitochondria. They have an absolute specificity for ADP in oxidative phosphorylation and for ATP in the P i -ATP exchange reaction. These reactions, and the 2,4-dinitrophenol-stimulated ATPase, are sensitive to atractyloside. The inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by atractyloside is competitively reversed by ADP. The finding of Low, Vallin, and Alm that sonic particles are not absolutely specific for ADP as phosphate acceptor and are insensitive to atractyloside has been confirmed. The atractyloside sensitivity and nucleotide specificity of digitonin particles is not altered by sonication and the properties of sonic particles are not affected by treatment with digitonin. The broad phosphate acceptor specificity of sonic particles is markedly altered by the concentration of divalent cation present in the assay medium. It is concluded that it is unnecessary to invoke the existence of a nucleotide translocase enzyme to account for the differences in phosphate acceptor specificity between the two preparations. The reasons for this conclusion are discussed.
Factor structure of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test at five grade levels between grades one and 12

Abstract The Peabody Individual Achievement Test was factor analyzed at five grade levels. The two-factor solution was retained at each grade. Subtests composing each factor changed from the lower to upper grade levels, but the abilities measured by each factor appear constant. A close similarity between the two factors and Cattell's concept of fluid and crystallized intelligence was noted. Subtests' specificities were computed at each grade level investigated and implications for use and interpretation of the PIAT discussed.
Track-loop bandwidth, sensor sample frequency, and track-loop delays

In determining the processing requirements for a track processor, which is most easily specified in terms of processing delay, it is necessary to have a relationship between the system requirement of track loop bandwidth, the sensor sample frequency and all the delays in the track loop processing. These delays include the sensor integration time, the sensor integration time, the sensor readout time, the time for A/D conversion and reformatting, the track processor delay and any D/A conversion and transportation delays associated with getting the rate commands to the servo system. This paper documents a methodology used in determining the relationship between bandwidth, sample frequency and system delays. This is done algebraically in terms of an 'effective' sampling frequency that takes into account the phase loss due to system delays. While more sophisticated analysis can be done, the simplified methods presented here will often be helpful to the systems analyst without the need for more direct control system analysis.
Comparison of peak and RMS gains for discrete-time systems

Abstract A convolution system can have a frequency response which is small for all frequencies, yet still greatly amplify the peaks of signals passing though it. For finite-dimensional systems, however, we establish the simple bound | h | 1 ≤ (2 n + 1) | h | h | H ∞ where | h | 1 is the peak gain of the system, | h | H ∞ is the maximum frequency response of the system, and n its dimension. The same result for continuous-time systems is due to Gohberg and Doyle and it is mentioned in [6]. The bound implies that H ∞ -optimal controllers, which minimize the maximum of some disturbance-to-error transfer function, cannot have very large peak gains from the disturbance to error.
Development of sensing techniques for weaponry health monitoring

Due to the costliness of destructive evaluation methods for assessing the aging and shelf-life of missile and rocket components, the identification of nondestructive evaluation methods has become increasingly important to the Army. Verifying that there is a sufficient concentration of stabilizer is a dependable indicator that the missile’s double-based solid propellant is viable. The research outlined in this paper summarizes the Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center’s (AMRDEC’s) comparative use of nanoporous membranes, carbon nanotubes, and optical spectroscopic configured sensing techniques for detecting degradation in rocket motor propellant. The first sensing technique utilizes a gas collecting chamber consisting of nanoporous structures that trap the smaller solid propellant particles for measurement by a gas analysis device. In collaboration with NASA-Ames, sensing methods are developed that utilize functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as the key sensing element. The optical spectroscopic sensing method is based on a unique light collecting optical fiber system designed to detect the concentration of the propellant stabilizer. Experimental setups, laboratory results, and overall effectiveness of each technique are presented in this paper. Expectations are for the three sensing mechanisms to provide nondestructive evaluation methods that will offer cost-savings and improved weaponry health monitoring.
The Domestic and Foreign Policy Beliefs of American Leaders

The relationship between our leaders' beliefs about domestic and foreign policy issues has generated a lively controversy. Much of the existing literature indicates that there is a very limited correlation between them. This article is based on data derived from a 1984 survey in which 2,515 American leaders filled out and returned a lengthy mail questionnaire. Respondents are classified according to their positions on both foreign policy scales (hard liners, internationalists, isolationists, accommodationists) and domestic policy scales (economic liberals, social liberals, economic conservatives, social conservatives). The data reveal a strong and consistent relationship between domestic and foreign policy beliefs. Analyses of the leaders' background attributes indicate that ideology, party, and occupation are strongly correlated with both sets of beliefs, whereas education, age, military service, travel experience, and gender are weakly related to beliefs. The conclusion raises some questions about the i...
Evidence for an emission source of large space-time extent in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

The source imaging technique of Brown and Danielewicz has been used to extract two-pion emission source functions over a broad range of k T and centralities in Au+Au collisions at $$\sqrt s = 200$$ GeV. The source functions reflect the combined contributions of a short-range Gaussian-like component and a long-range exponential-like component. A parametrization of the source function gives a RMS radius for the long-range source which is approximately three times that for the short-range source. The centrality dependence of the extracted source parameters for the short- and long-range sources indicate similar patterns.
Comparison of Carbon Dioxide versus Refrigerant Spray to Determine Pulpal Responsiveness

There is little evidence for which cold delivery method is most accurate in determining pulp responsiveness. This study compared carbon dioxide dry ice sticks (CO2) versus refrigerant spray (RS) to generate a patient response from different types of teeth restored to varying degrees. Fifteen human patients were selected. In each quadrant, three teeth were identified and the restoration type recorded. Blindfolded patients were randomly tested with either CO2 or RS in a crossover design at two different sessions. Responsiveness was recorded as yes/no and the interval (in seconds) from application to response was determined. Results showed that (a) CO2 and RS were equivalent in producing a pulpal response regardless of tooth and presence of restoration, and (b) CO2 took significantly (p < 0.05) longer to evoke a response than RS using paired t tests. In conclusion, RS and CO2 were equivalent in determining pulpal responsiveness, but the elicited response from RS was faster.
Comparative actions of hydralazine, nifedipine and amrinone in primary pulmonary hypertension

Abstract The effects of 3 types of vasoactive agents, hydralazine, nifedipine and amrinone, were evaluated in 7 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Hemodynamic values were measured before and after drug administration in every patient. All drugs increased cardiac output and reduced both systemic and pulmonary resistance in the patients studied. Only nifedipine significantly reduced pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (6 ± 5 mm Hg). In addition, it decreased pulmonary resistance to a greater degree than systemic resistance in 2 of the 7 patients, suggesting that nifedipine can cause selective pulmonary vasodilation in some patients. Hydralazine appeared to increase cardiac output and stroke volume by reducing systemic resistance. There was no evidence of direct pulmonary vasodilating effects; it decreased systemic resistance more than pulmonary resistance in every case. The increase in cardiac output from amrinone was secondary to a decrease in systemic arterial pressure with reflex tachycardia; stroke volume was unchanged. Amrinone had little pulmonary effect in all but 1 patient, in whom it substantially reduced PA pressure and pulmonary resistance. The mechanism of action of these 3 drugs in PPH differs. Nifedipine holds the most promise as an effective pulmonary vasodilator. A study of the effects of long-term administration of nifedipine in PPH is warranted.
RESPONSIBLE ACTION AND THE PROBLEM OF REIFICATION

This paper elaborates a “personal,” as opposed to an institutional, view of administrative responsibility. The idea of personal responsibility is better suited for appreciating the cognitive, conceptual, and interpersonal dynamics of policy processes than is the institutional view of responsibility as accountability. From the perspective of personal responsibility, the primary impediment to responsible action by policy makers, policy analysts, and administrators is not that they may act in ways that are ethically or morally wrong. Rather, the problem is that such actors may either not perceive that important choices are available to them or, when choices are perceived, their moral, as opposed to their instrumental, content may not be appreciated. Responsible action should thus be seen as a conceptual or cognitive issue, not simply one of adherence to or departure from institutionally objectivated standards of correctness. Inability to appreciate the moral nature of action may be explained by the cognitive tendency to reify policy making and administrative institutions, roles, rules, and situations.
Die Lichtbogenwiederzündung als Durchschlag in stark ionisierten Gasen

Der Vorgang der Wiederzundung kurzer metallischer Wechselstromlichtbogen, der als Durchschlag in stark ionisiertem Gase aufgefast werden kann, wird mittels Potentialmessungen in der Gasstrecke wahrend des Stromnulldurchganges untersucht. Der Vorgang spielt sich ab in etwa 50·10−6 sec. Die Potentialverteilung zeigt die Ausbildung einer Glimmentladung, die der neuen Bogenentladung vorhergeht, und den Aufbau einer positiven Raumladungsschicht an der jeweiligen Kathode der Entladung, von der die gesamte an den Bogenelektroden wahrend des Stromnulldurchganges auftretende Potentialdifferenz von einigen hundert Volt getragen wird; der Rest der Gasstrecke stellt dabei ein dem Bogenplasma ahnliches Gas dar. Versuche mit Stromen von 300 bis 3000 Amp. deuten auf den Einflus des Elektrodenmaterials auf den Durchschlag auch bei starkster Vorionisation des Gases. Eine kritische Ubersicht der fur die Theorie der Lichtbogenwiederzundung wichtigsten Resultate anderer Autoren wird gegeben.
RELEASE FROM PI: Comparison of traditional and computer modules in an experimental psychology laboratory

RELEASE FROM PI is a computer-controlled participatory module designed for use by students in laboratory sections of an experimental psychology course. It allows the student subjects to trace their recall performance across sets of four lists when the fourth list changes in physical characteristics or semantic category. The performance of students participating in this computer module was compared with that of students receiving a traditional procedure with a human experimenter. All other aspects of the laboratory session were equated as much as possible. The recall data showed that the traditional procedure produced better recall and greater release with a semantic shift. However, both methods resulted in roughly equivalent learning (as measured by multiple-choice questions) and student evaluation ratings. Implications for the use of computers in instruction and research are examined.
Shrinkage and swelling of stems ofPinus resinosa andBetula papyrifera in northern Wisconsin

Seasonal and diurnal stem shrinkage and swelling ofPinus resinosa andBetula papyrifera trees were studied with dendrographs in northern Wisconsin from May 24 to September 15, 1972. Both seasonal and diurnal shrinkage and swelling were greater in Pinus than in Betula. Stems of some Pinus trees shrank progressively after cessation of seasonal cambial growth. Betula trees neither showed a long-term trend of late-season shrinkage nor appreciable diurnal shrinkage and swelling after seasonal cambial growth ceased. In Pinus diurnal shrinkage and swelling were greater in the upper than in the lower stem. Daily stem shrinkage usually proceeded faster than stem expansion. Shrinkage was greater in Pinus trees growing on the upper part of a slope than on the lower slope. This difference was attributed to higher internal water deficits of upper slope trees. Shrinking and swelling of stems of both species were correlated with factors affecting internal water balance in trees. Most important were maximum air temperature, saturation deficit, and soil moisture. In addition a time factor, which confirmed a seasonal trend, turned out to be significant, especially for Betula trees. Lag responses to environmental change were stronger for stem swelling than for stem shrinkage. The importance of stem shrinkage and swelling as a source of error in estimating cambial growth from observations of radial stem increment is emphasized.
Evaluation of model-based interactive flower recognition

We introduce the concept of computer assisted visual interactive recognition (CAVIAR). In CAVIAR, a parameterized geometrical model serves as the human-computer communication channel. We implemented a flower recognition system and evaluated it on 30 inexperienced subjects. Major conclusions include: 1) the accuracy of the CAVIAR system is much higher than that of the machine alone; 2) its recognition time is much lower than that of the human alone; 3) it can be initialized with as few as one training sample per class and still achieve high accuracy; 4) it demonstrates a self-learning ability, which suggests that instead of initializing the CAVIAR system with many training samples, we can trust the system's self-learning ability.
Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux: mechanistic analysis using concurrent fluoroscopy and high-resolution manometry.

Background & Aims The aim of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of the mechanics leading to esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening during transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (tLESRs) using high-resolution manometry coupled with simultaneous fluoroscopy. Methods Six subjects without hiatus hernia had endoclips placed at the squamocolumnar junction and 10 cm proximal. A 36-channel solid-state manometric assembly was placed spanning from stomach to pharynx, and subjects were studied for 2 hours after a high-fat meal. An esophageal pH electrode also was placed and fluoroscopy was initiated at the onset of a tLESR. Axial clip movement was measured during replay of the videotaped fluoroscopy and was correlated with manometric data. Results Ninety-three tLESRs were recorded, 62 tLESRs of which had good fluoroscopic visualization. Seventy-eight tLESRs had manometric evidence of flow and the majority had evidence of a common cavity (88%), but few were detected by the pH electrode. Esophageal shortening and crural diaphragm inhibition always preceded EGJ opening and common cavity. A positive pressure gradient between the stomach and the EGJ lumen of 7.1 mm Hg (interquartile range, 4.1–9.1 mm Hg) preceded the EGJ opening. Conclusions Key events leading to the EGJ opening during tLESRs were LES relaxation, crural diaphragm inhibition, esophageal shortening, and a positive pressure gradient between the stomach and the EGJ lumen. The manometric signature of opening was pressure equalization within the EGJ, but this only occasionally was associated with pH evidence of reflux. Future investigations will need to analyze how this delicately balanced anatomic–physiologic system is perturbed in subjects with reflux disease.
Comparison of SnBr4 and di‐n‐butyl tin diacetate as laser‐assisted chemical vapor deposition precursors for SnO2‐based gas sensors

Laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) was utilized to produce SnO2 films from SnBr4 plus air, O2 or N2O. SnO2 films were successfully generated using either 222 or 308 nm laser pulses but there was evidence for film contamination when using less than 60 mJ/ pulse laser energies at 222 nm. Films were characterized using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy; the spectra of films with impurities resembled the spectrum of SnBr4. AFM images were obtained which indicated that this LCVD route produced small and fairly uniform SnO2 grains which were 50‐100 nm in size. Multiphoton ionization spectroscopy was used to verify that the dissociation of a film dopant precursor, copper(II) acetate, produced gasphase copper atoms under conditions similar to those used in film deposition experiments. The deposition of SnO2 from SnBr4 plus an oxidant was found to be more efficient than from di-nbutyl tin diacetate but films produced via this new LCVD route, including those doped with copper, were found to be much less sensitive in preliminary gas-sensing screening. # 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Appl. Organometal. Chem.12, 147‐154 (1998)
Effect of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral metabolism.

Abstract The effects of pulsatile normothermic highflow cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral metabolism in the dog were studied with and without the addition of carbon dioxide to the ventilating gas by measuring the pH, P O 2 , and P Co 2 , and the levels of lactate and pyruvate in the arterial blood and CSF. The findings were also compared with those in a similar group of dogs subjected to nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass under identical conditions. The present results do not indicate the development of selective cerebral hypoxia or anaerobiosis at any time, even in the presence of moderately severe respiratory alkalosis. Lactate accumulation in the blood was less than with nonpulsatile perfusion, and P CSF O 2 was higher with pulsatile bypass, but alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients increased markedly after pulsatile perfusion with the Army artificial heart pump. Comparison with nonpulsatile bypass points out the lack of definitive evidence that pulsatile perfusion is more beneficial to cerebral metabolism.
Hypertension and tachycardia due to concussion of the brain.

Abstract Arterial hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, tachypnea, hypermetabolism, and mental anomalies, occurring as aftereffects following concussion of the brain, indicate injury to the upper medulla oblongata and the thalamic area. These symptoms may be persistent or paroxysmal and may occur either simultaneously or be dissociated. Two such cases are reported in detail. The symptoms and signs resemble those which have been described in some cases of brain tumors located near the third ventricle (diencephalic autonomic epilepsy), in cases of encephalitis and of poliomyelitis of the upper medulla oblongata, and in cases of essential hypertension and hypertension induced by pheochromocytoma. A comparison of the symptomatology of these hypertensive syndromes with the ones due to cerebral injury suggests that all of these syndromes have certain neurovegetative features in common which may be attributed to an excess activity of sympathomimetic amines (epinephrine, sympathin, and encephalin).
Evidence for a second diamond-blackfan anemia gene on human chromosome 8p23-22, and for at least one other dba gene

Abstract Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy and is inherited in 10–20% of cases. Recently, identification of a patient with a translocation t(X;19)(p21;q13) led to the cloning of a gene on chromosome 19q13.2 that encodes a ribosomal protein, RPS19. However, mutations of RPS19 have only been identified in 25% of 19q-linked and sporadic cases, suggesting a greater degree of genetic heterogeneity in DBA we carried out linkage analysis and searched for RPS19 mutations in 38 multiplex families. Although approximately 40% of families were consistent for linkage to the 19q13.2 region, mutation analysis revealed mutations in only 3 families. Three different missense mutations were identified; 2 of them, in exon 4 (G185A;R62Q) and in exon 5 (T395G;L131R), are novel mutations, while the third, in exon 3 (G171A;R56Q) has been described. We excluded these kindreds from further linkage analysis. A genome-wide search for loci linked to the DBA phenotype suggested the presence of a second DBA locus on chromosome 8p. To define the critical interval more precisely we used additional polymorphic markers on chromosome 8p and applied GENEHUNTER program for calculation of parametric two-and multipoint LOD scores with heterogeneity (HLOD). A significant HLOD score (higher than 3.3 with 49% families linked to the locus) was found for the 8.1cM 8p telomeric region flanked by D8S518 and D8S1825. Six of 35 families were not consistent for linkage either to 19q or 8p, which strongly suggested further genetic heterogeneity. In conclusion, our results show evidence of a second DBA gene on 8p 23.3-22, most likely within an 8.1cM interval flanked by D8S1825 and D8S518, and also provides further support for the existence of at least one additional gene locus.
Experimental validation of structural gage sensitivity indices for vehicle body structure optimization

This article documents the first reported effort to experimentally determine structural gage sensitivity. Traditional force, deflection, and strain measurement techniques were employed, and the results are both qualitatively consistent with expected structural behavior and quantitatively consistent with finite element simulation results. The level of agreement seen justifies the methodologies and instrumentation used for the measurements, as well as the use of gage sensitivity methods to support vehicle design optimization.
Effect of prosthetic material on adhesion formation after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair in a porcine model

Intraperitoneal placement of prosthetic mesh causes adhesion formation after laparoscopic incisional hernia repair. A prosthesis that prevents or reduces adhesion formation is desirable. In this study, 21 pigs were randomized to receive laparoscopic placement of plain polypropylene mesh (PPM), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), or polypropylene coated on one side with a bioresorbable adhesion barrier (PPM/HA/CMC). The animals were sacrificed after 28 days and evaluated for adhesion formation. Mean area of adhesion formation was 14% (SD±15) in the PPM/HA/CMC group, 40% (SD±17) in the PPM group, and 41% (SD±39) in the ePTFE group. The difference between PPM/HA/CMC and PPM was significant (P=0.013). A new visceral layer of mesothelium was present in seven out of seven PPM/HA/CMC cases, six out of seven PPM cases, and two out of seven ePTFE cases. Thus, laparoscopic placement of PPM/HA/CMC reduces adhesion formation compared to other mesh types used for laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs.
Computer systems research at HP labs

• Information explosion: Acquiring, analyzing and delivering the right information to individuals and businesses so they can act on it. • Dynamic cloud services: Developing web platforms and cloud services that are dynamically personalized based on your location, preferences, calendar and communities. • Content transformation: Enabling the fluid transformation of content from analog to digital, from device to device, and from digital content to physical products. • Intelligent infrastructure: Designing smarter, more-secure devices, networks and scalable architectures that work together to connect individuals and businesses to rich, dynamic content and services. • Sustainability: Creating technologies, IT infrastructure, and new business models for a lower-carbon economy, to save money and leave a lighter footprint on the environment.
Recent work on medieval english Jewish history

What might be termed "The Heroic Age" of Anglo-Jewish historical scholarship began with the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition in 1887, organized by F. D. Mocatta and Joseph Jacobs, and with the papers associated with that exhibition, which were published the following year.1 The first edition of the Bibliotheca Anglo-Judaica was a product of this exhibition, as too was Meyr D. Davis's invaluable volume, Shetaroth: Hebrew Deeds of English Jews before 1290} The founding of the Jewish Historical Society of England in 1893 gave focus to the enthusiasm generated by the exhibition; and over the next forty years a series of important articles on medieval Anglo-Jewish history by such luminaries as Joseph Jacobs, B. (later Sir) Lionel Abrahams, Michael Adler, H. P. Stokes, Hilary Jenkinson, and even the great F. W. Maitland appeared in the Society's Transactions.
Development of color in fats stabilized with amino-hexose-reductones

Amino reductones derived from hexoses were evaluated for color development in heated, oxidizing fat systems. Browning was observed to some extent with all the amino-hexose-reductones. The brown color frequently faded upon long heating of the oils. The density of color increased with reductone concentration and varied markedly among the different amino reductones. Morpholino-hexose-reductone could be used in lard and vegetable oils at concentrations up to 0.01% without introducing visually detectable amounts of color. Heating soybean oil solutions of the amino reductones at 100°C. under vacuum slowly destroyed the reductone but did not cause development of color. Air or oxygen was required for color production. Addition of citric acid along with the reductone reduced the amount of color developed. Reductones in fat systems show similarities in browning to reductones in aqueous systems. New considerations for the mechanism of antioxidation by polyphenols and reductones in oils are presented.
Analytic properties of maximum entropy OWA operators

We discuss the maximum entropy approach to obtaining the weights associated with the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) aggregation operator. The resulting weights are called the MEOWA weights. Using the method of LaGrange multipliers, we obtain an analytic form for these weights and describe some of their properties. The concept of immediate probabilities is introduced as being a transformation of a probability distribution based on a decision maker's degree of optimism. This transformation, which is affected by an OWA operator, is shown to result in a relationship between the transformed expected value and the degree of optimism that is monotone when the weights used are the MEOWA weights.
Short range solvation of proton transfer complexes by 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane and trioxane

Abstract Bifurcated hydrogen bonds are involved in the short range solvation of amines by electron donating solvents. Further, six-membered ring cyclic diethers involve interaction of both oxygens of the diether with the amine proton. We report the expansion of these results to include 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane and trioxane. The results suggest that the latter is involved in a trifurcated hydrogen bond.
Electronic structure of CrN: A borderline Mott insulator

Calculations using the $\text{LSDA}+\text{U}$ (local spin-density approximation corrected by Hubbard Coulomb terms for the $d$ electrons) approach show that CrN is close to a charge-transfer insulator transition. The values of $U$ are estimated in various ways, including the recently developed linear-response approach. With reasonable values of $U$ in the range of 3--5 eV it is found that the density of states near the Fermi level is strongly depleted by the spin separation of the states. In the case of the antiferromagnetic (AFM)-${[110]}_{2}$ configuration a small gap actually opens even for $U$ as small as 3 eV. Furthermore a smallest direct gap of about 1 eV can be seen in these band structures and could be responsible for the onset of strong optical absorption observed to occur at 0.7 eV. The tendency of opening the gap is found to be strongest in the actually observed AFM-${[110]}_{2}$ structure below the N\'eel temperature. The widely varying transport data in the literature are critically examined. They indicate a gap smaller than 0.1 eV, consistent with the present calculations, a strong influence of N-vacancy-induced doping carriers and possibly localization effects associated with the distortions accompanying the loss of antiferromagnetic ordering above the N\'eel temperature.
Multilocus models of inbreeding depression with synergistic selection and partial self-fertilization

Mean fitness and inbreeding depression values in multi-locus models of the control of fitness were studied, using both a model of mutation to deleterious alleles, and a model of heterozygote advantage. Synergistic fitness interactions between loci were assumed, to find out if this more biologically plausible model altered the conclusions we obtained previously using a model of multiplicative interactions. Systems of unlinked loci were assumed. We used deterministic computer calculations, and approximations based on normal or Poisson theory. These approximations gave good agreement with the exact results for some regions of the parameter space. In the mutational model, we found that the effect of synergism was to lower the number of mutant alleles per individual, and thus to increase the mean fitness, compared with the multiplicative case. Inbreeding depression, however, was increased. Similar effects on mean fitness and inbreeding depression were found for the case of heterozygote advantage. For that model, the results were qualitatively similar to those previously obtained assuming multiplicativity. With the mutational load model, however, the mean fitness sometimes decreased, and the inbreeding depression increased, at high selfing rates, after declining as the selfing rate increased from zero. We also studied the behaviour of modifier alleles that changed the selfing rate, introduced into equilibrium populations. In general, the results were similar to those with the multiplicative model, but in some cases an ESS selfing rate, with selfing slightly below one, existed. Finally, we derive an approximate expression for the inbreeding depression in completely selfing populations. This depends only on the mutation rate and the dominance coefficient and can therefore be used to obtain estimates of the mutation rate to mildly deleterious alleles for plant species.
Modern Multidisciplinary Perioperative Management of Rectal Cancer

Importance The management of care for rectal cancer has undergone many changes and improvements in recent decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this complex disease is essential to ensure high-quality treatment and outcomes. Objective To present a current, evidence-based approach to the multidisciplinary team management of rectal cancer with a review of the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of the disease by radiologists, oncologists, surgeons, and pathologists. Evidence Review The literature review was conducted through online searches of MEDLINE and PubMed. Articles published between January 1, 2000, and June 2014 and pertaining to staging modalities, surgical approaches, pathologic assessment, and medical treatments of rectal cancer were considered. All studies were reviewed, with preferential inclusion of larger or randomized trials. The review focused on changing paradigms and current controversies in rectal cancer management. Findings A multidisciplinary approach to the patient with rectal cancer includes many health care professionals. Although treatments continue to evolve and improve, clear evidence-based principles have been well studied. The important roles of various specialists must be acknowledged and utilized. Within each role, new and emerging treatment approaches require critical review by experts in their fields. Conclusions and Relevance Many new technologies and treatment options will continue to advance the treatment of rectal cancer, further emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to achieve optimal care.
pdx-1 function is specifically required in embryonic β cells to generate appropriate numbers of endocrine cell types and maintain glucose homeostasis

The pdx1 gene is essential for pancreatic organogenesis in humans and mice; pdx1 mutations have been identified in human diabetic patients. Specific inactivation of pdx1 in adult beta cells revealed that this gene is required for maintenance of mature beta cell function. In the following study, a Cre-lox strategy was used to remove pdx1 function specifically from embryonic beta cells beginning at late-gestation, prior to islet formation. Animals in which pdx1 is lost in insulin-producing cells during embryogenesis had elevated blood glucose levels at birth and were overtly diabetic by weaning. Neonatal and adult mutant islets showed a dramatic reduction in the number of insulin(+) cells and an increase in both glucagon(+) and somatostatin(+) cells. Lineage tracing revealed that excess glucagon(+) and somatostatin(+) cells did not arise by interconversion of endocrine cell types. Examination of mutant islets revealed a decrease in proliferation of insulin-producing cells just before birth and a concomitant increase in proliferation of glucagon-producing cells. We propose that pdx1 is required for proliferation and function of the beta cells generated at late gestation, and that one function of normal beta cells is to inhibit the proliferation of other islet cell types, resulting in the appropriate numbers of the different endocrine cell types.
Asymptotic approach to reliability evaluation of rope transportation system

Abstract The asymptotic approach to the reliability evaluation of multistate homogeneous parallel-series systems composed of components having Weibull reliability functions is applied to a ship-rope elevator system. Its approximate pessimistic and optimistic multistate reliability functions and risk functions are determined and plotted. Moreover, lower and upper bounds for its mean lifetimes in the state subsets and in particular states are calculated.
Human smuggling and the Canadian state

This paper argues that states have undergone a shift in how they see and respond to human smuggling. They are now less bound by those land borders that once demarcated the edges of sovereign territory and act more transnationally in response to the transnational practices of human smugglers. The interception of four cargo boats carrying migrants smuggled from Fujian, China, serves as a case study. Central to understanding the struggle between smugglers and States are geography and vision: how each sees the landscape, plays on distance and proximity, and puts geography to work. After explaining the methodology, I locate Canada in the global industries of human smuggling and border enforcement, outline changes to border enforcement that have taken place in the time since these interceptions, and then discuss the main challenges facing nation‐states in their efforts to combat smuggling. The paper then outlines strategies available to curb smuggling and explores some of Canada's particular efforts. I conclude...