cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anterior abdominal stab injury: a comparison of self-inflicted and intentional third-party stabbings.

Abstract Background There is minimal literature comparing self-inflicted (SI) with non–self-inflicted (NSI) anterior abdominal stab wounds (AASW). Methods Adult patients treated at a level 1 trauma center from 2006 through 2011 with an AASW were reviewed. Results There were 215 patients with an AASW; 20% were SI. NSI patients had more nonabdominal injuries (47% vs 16%, P P = .02). Intra-abdominal injury rates were similar. One hundred twenty-eight patients had isolated AASWs; 28% were SI. SI patients had higher admission rates (86% vs 63%, P = .01). One hundred three patients had isolated stable/asymptomatic AASWs; 31% were SI. SI patients had more admissions (84% vs 52%, P P = .01), longer LOS (3.2 vs 1.4, P P Conclusions Controlling for extra-abdominal injuries, SI AASW patients have similar rates of intra-abdominal injury but use more resources.
The Brookhaven National Laboratory three-stage MP Tandem Van de Graaff facility

Abstract The Brookhaven National Laboratory three-stage MP Tandem facility has been in operation for over four years since its construction completion. A number of modifications and improvements have been made in the accelerator system to extend its capabilities beyond the original design. These improvements and the current performance capabilities for two- and three-stage operation will be discussed.
Antibiotic treatment improves survival in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is still unproven whether prophylactic antibiotics can reduce mortality from acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). The aim of this study was to investigate whether antibiotic therapy can influence long-term outcome in ANP and how appropriate this therapy is. METHODS: ANP was induced in rats by standardized intraductal bile acid infusion and cerulein hyperstimulation. Serum trypsinogen activation peptide levels were used to verify comparable disease severity. Starting 6 hours after induction, animals randomly received saline (n = 60), 20 mg/kg imipenem (n = 62), or 10 mg/kg ciprofloxacin (n = 60) every 8 hours for 7 days. On day 7, half of each group was killed so a quantitative pancreatic bacteriology could be conducted. The other half was analyzed at 21 days for long-term mortality, late bacteriologic changes, abscesses, and pseudocysts. RESULTS: Comparable trypsinogen activation peptide increases confirmed equally severe ANP in each group before treatment. Imipenem and ciprofloxacin significantly reduced the number of infected pancreatic specimens, bacterial counts, and identified species at 1 week. At 3 weeks, pancreatic infection prevalence was lower in animals treated with antibiotics; abscess formation was reduced and pseudocysts were smaller and less frequently infected. Survival was significantly improved by imipenem and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic treatment reduces early and late septic pancreatic complications and improves survival from experimental ANP. (Gastroenterology 1996 Jan;110(1):232-40)
Distributed power delivery model construction by analytical approximations

The paper provides closed set of analytical approximation flows, that allow extremely fast derivation of platform structures distributed electrical models. The simulation results exhibit similar behavior as those produced by more accurate electro-magnetic extraction flows.
Diurnal variation in algal acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) in situ.

Diurnal variation in algal nitrogen fixation was studied in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, during the summers of 1971 to 1973. Approximately two-thirds of the daily acetylene reduction in the surface decimeter occurred before noon. The decline in acetylene reduction (nmoles/liter·hr) near midday was partially because the algae relocated themselves at greater depths. However, acetylene reducing activity (nmoles per A 663 unit chlorophyll a per hour) also decreased as midday approached. Occasionally algae would resurface near the end of the day. On average, acetylene reduction (nmoles per liter per hour) was maximum at about 0900 Central standard time in the top decimeter, and acetylene reduction between 0830 and 0930 Central standard time represented 13% of the total daily acetylene reduction. Furthermore, acetylene reduction in the top decimeter, on average, represented 3.6% of the total acetylene reduction in the column. Calculation of the contribution by nitrogen fixation to a lake9s fixed nitrogen budget is discussed.
Improving the accuracy of large scale monolithic parts using fiducials

Monolithic machined components are rapidly replacing sheet metal assemblies to reduce labor costs. As these monolithic parts become larger, maintaining the accuracy required for further assembly operations becomes difficult. The long-range accuracy and the thermal environment of most machine tools become the limiting factors for part size. This paper describes a solution to this problem using fiducials, the spacing of which is based on the machine accuracy and part tolerance. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the technique. This technique can be extended to allow small machines to manufacture large components and is also applicable in high volume manufacturing environments.
Mitochondria Play a Central Role in Nonischemic Cardiomyocyte Necrosis: Common to Acute and Chronic Stressor States

The survival of cardiomyocytes must be ensured as the myocardium adjusts to a myriad of competing physiological and pathophysiological demands. A significant loss of these contractile cells, together with their replacement by stiff fibrillar collagen in the form of fibrous tissue accounts for a transition from a usually efficient muscular pump into one that is failing. Cellular and subcellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenic origins of cardiomyocyte cell death have long been of interest. This includes programmed molecular pathways to either necrosis or apoptosis, which are initiated from ischemic or nonischemic origins. Herein, we focus on the central role played by a mitochondriocentric signal-transducer-effector pathway to nonischemic cardiomyocyte necrosis, which is common to acute and chronic stressor states. We begin by building upon the hypothesis advanced by Albrecht Fleckenstein and coworkers some 40 years ago based on the importance of calcitropic hormone-mediated intracellular Ca2+ overloading, which predominantly involves subsarcolemmal mitochondria and is the signal to pathway activation. Other pathway components, which came to be recognized in subsequent years, include the induction of oxidative stress and opening of the mitochondrial inner membrane permeability transition pore. The ensuing loss of cardiomyocytes and consequent replacement fibrosis, or scarring, represents a disease of adaptation and a classic example of when homeostasis begets dyshomeostasis.
Greater pineal volume at higher latitudes in rodentia: Exponential relationship and its biological interpretation

Twenty-eight species and 204 speciments of rodents were used in an evaluation of possible latitudinal relations of pineal size. Pineal volumes were determined by planimetry of pineal outlines in either photographs or camera lucida drawings of serial histological sections. Pineal volume relative to body weight had statistically significant regression coefficients with latitudinal centers and with highest latitudes of species' geographic distributions, and with a series of meteorological and geological variables having latitudinal components in their geographically patterned values. These relationships were most significant (P < 0.001) when relative pineal volume was subjected to logarithmic transformation. It is proposed that the logarithmic factor in pineal increase at high latitudes may be related to a mathematically similar increase in the adaptive value of pineal neuroendocrine tranductions for phase tuning of biorhythms, including timing of reproductive activity seasonally.
Dosimetric study of volumetric modulated arc therapy fields for total marrow irradiation

Abstract Background and purpose Normal organ toxicity is the leading factor that limits dose escalation in total body irradiation for bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. In recent years, total marrow irradiation (TMI) using the helical tomotherapy (HT) system is being used as a more targeted form of TBI to treat BMT patients. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to deliver TMI treatment. Materials and methods CT data sets from two female and two male patients who had received prior total marrow and lymphatic irradiation with HT were selected for this study. The target volumes included skeletal bones from the skull to the mid-thigh level, major lymph nodes, and spleen. Twelve Gray in 8 fractions was prescribed to the target volumes. Each VMAT plan was generated with eight arc fields to cover the entire target volumes. Both the VMAT and the HT plans were normalized so that 85% of the skeletal bone volume was covered by the prescription dose. For each patient, more than 20 normal organs were included in plan optimization. Results Both the VMAT and HT plans showed comparable dose coverage to the target volumes and significant sparing of normal organ dose. The median dose to the skeletal bone volume was 13.4 and 12.6 Gy in the VMAT and HT plans, respectively. The VMAT plans showed >10% and >20% reduction of average median dose compared to the HT plans in 16 and 11 organs, respectively. The average beam-on time was 628 ± 32 s and 1122 ± 106 s in the VMAT and HT plans, respectively. Conclusions The VMAT plans provided adequate target dose coverage and normal organ sparing compared to helical tomotherapy plans for efficient delivery of total marrow and lymphatic irradiation. This study demonstrates that the VMAT technique could be a feasible alternative to helical tomotherapy for TMI treatment.
RISK AND TRAIN CONTROL: A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS

The effects of train control strategies on the risks of railroad operations are examined. Analysis of a hypothetical 1800-km (1,200-mi) corridor identified the main factors that increase risks. Passenger traffic is the most important factor because the addition of passenger trains creates the possibility of catastrophic accidents with dozens of fatalities. Increasing the number of trains per day leads to more than proportional increases in the risks of collisions. Single-track operations are much more susceptible to collisions, whereas higher train speeds increase both the likelihood and the severity of the consequences of accidents if there is a signal overrun or a failure to obey a slow order. Positive train control (PTC) systems can reduce most, but not all, of the collisions and overspeed derailments, as improper train handling or equipment failure could still lead to accidents. Establishment of a digital communications link to the train should also allow the possibility for improved grade-crossing protection. For the hypothetical corridor, the potential benefits from improved grade-crossing protection were on the same order of magnitude as the predicted benefits from PTC systems. If new technologies are developed to detect broken rails, the digital communications link could also be used to implement immediate braking, thereby preventing some additional derailments. The risk-based approach demonstrated may provide a more complete assessment of rail risks than a methodology that estimates safety benefits based on documentation of accidents that might have been prevented if more advanced train control techniques had been in place. Risks include the possibility of catastrophic accidents, whether or not such accidents occurred recently. A causality-based methodology also allows greater flexibility in sensitivity analysis and in assessment of trends in traffic volume, traffic mix, and other factors.
CMS at North Carolina State University: Tailoring a time sharing system for computer science instruction

The convenience of a time sharing system from the point of view of a computer science instructor is considered. Tools which may be helpful for course administration are described. The experience of the North Carolina State Computer Science Department with its IBM VM/CMS system is considered in detail and its strengths and weaknesses noted.
Air quality modeling on massively parallel computers

The use of massively parallel computers provides an avenue to overcome the computational requirements of air quality modeling. General considerations on parallel implementation of air quality models are outlined including domain decomposition. The implementation of the CIT urban photochemical model on the Intel Touchstone Delta, a distributed memory multiple instruction/multiple data (MIMD) machine is described. When both the transport and chemistry portions of the model are parallelized, a speed-up of about 30 is achieved using 256 processors.
On the colored Tutte polynomial of a graph of bounded treewidth

We observe that a formula given by Negami [Polynomial invariants of graphs, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 299 (1987) 601-622] for the Tutte polynomial of a k-sum of two graphs generalizes to a colored Tutte polynomial. Consequently, an algorithm of Andrzejak [An algorithm for the Tutte polynomials of graphs of bounded treewidth, Discrete Math. 190 (1998) 39-54] may be directly adapted to compute the colored Tutte polynomial of a graph of bounded treewidth in polynomial time. This result has also been proven by Makowsky [Colored Tutte polynomials and Kauffman brackets for graphs of bounded tree width, Discrete Appl. Math. 145 (2005) 276-290], using a different algorithm based on logical techniques.
The Fiduciary Relationship Model for Managing Clinical Genomic “Incidental” Findings

The physician-patient relationship has a long history and is rich in deeply held traditions, yet it is one of the principal destinations for many of society’s most innovative technological advances. The implementation of scientific innovations, such as genomic sequencing, forces the physician-patient relationship to continuously confront difficult ethical and legal dilemmas. The way the physician-patient relationship responds to the implementation of genomics is a crucial aspect of the success of these technologies as catalysts for the improvement of human health. Therefore, it is important to identify frameworks that can guide the sustainable implementation of genomics in clinical care. One promising alternative is to apply legal fiduciary principles to guide the generation, use, and handling of genomic information in the clinic. Courts, legislatures, scholars, and medical organizations have applied fiduciary principles to define or describe different aspects of the physician-patient relationship. Recently, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (PCSBI) released reports that refer to clinicians as fiduciaries when ordering genomic sequencing tests in clinical care.1 However, in these reports the implications of applying fiduciary principles were often not made explicit, which can lead to uncertainty about how clinicians should act or some fiduciary principles were applied without considering others, which led to recommendations that are actually in conflict with the principles of fiduciary law. This article examines the concept of fiduciary relationships as a framework for defining clinicians’ duties and patients’ rights when ordering whole genome/exome sequencing (WGS/WES) in the clinic and managing potential genomic “incidental”2 or secondary target findings. In this context, the application of fiduciary principles (e.g., duty of loyalty, duty of care, duty to inform, and the duty act within the scope of authority), which have their origins in trust and agency law, gives rise to at least four specific clinician fiduciary duties. These clinician fiduciary duties include the duty to: (1) provide material pretest information about secondary target genomic conditions that may be analyzed and reported when WGS/WES is ordered; (2) give patients the opportunity to opt-out of the analysis and report of any secondary target genomic condition; (3) offer WGS/WES and the examination of secondary target conditions, even if patients do not want all secondary target conditions examined; (4) respect patients’ “right not to know” secondary target genomic information.
A novel current-mode multi-channel integrating ADC

A novel current-mode multi-channel ADC has been designed, fabricated, and characterized in a 0.5-μm bulk CMOS process. The ADC utilizes a Wilkinson architecture with current-mode comparators and is capable of supporting multiple channels with an input current range of 10---150 μA. The main blocks in the ADC include a current ramp generator with active current mirrors, multiple current comparators, and a 12-bit Gray code counter. A novel architecture Gray code counter supports high frequency counting. For sampling rates up to 10 kHz, measurement results are presented including integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity. A per-channel power consumption of less than 2 mW using a Wilkinson architecture with 4 channels was observed. This work represents the first published current-mode, multi-channel Wilkinson ADC.
A practical method to estimate the cost of equity capital for a firm using cluster analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a method for selecting a portfolio of public firms which can be used for computing the cost of equity capital for a non‐public firm or division of a firm.Design/methodology/approach – This method relies on cluster analysis and a large sample of firms. Using the accounting data from the firms, portfolios are formed that are expected to have a high degree of within‐group similarity on measures of systematic risk, such as beta. The average beta of the group can be used as an estimate of the beta of the target firm within the group, which is then used to compute the cost of equity capital of the target.Findings – Cluster analysis shows significant potential to group together firms that are found to have high similarity in systematic risk. Cost of equity capital estimates made using the betas of the proxy portfolio firms are predictive of the measured betas of randomly selected target firms.Research limitations/implications – This research has shown si...
On-line performance characteristics of a radiology PACS

We have experienced that system reliability and performance become primary concerns when we moved our PACS from a research and development laboratory to a clinical environment. Providing consistent uptime builds user confidence and fast service accelerates system acceptance. The fault-tolerant mechanism implemented in our PACS has minimized system downtime. This paper considers the performance issues of an on-line multimodal PACS. The intent of conducting performance measurements on individual PACS components such as the radiological imaging devices, archive devices, host computers, and communication networks is to compare the throughput rates of these components in a real-time clinical environment as a basis of evaluating the overall throughput of a PACS system. Our primary goal is to identify the major factors that degrade the performance of a PACS, and to establish new strategies so that fast service with minimal delay is provided to the clinic. Approximately 200-Gbyte data transactions including CT, MR and CR images from our PACS were analyzed. Results showed that PACS throughput was limited by two major factors: (1) low-speed data interface used in the radiological imaging devices and archive devices; (2) network degradation due to heavy network traffic. We concluded that PACS throughput could be improved by well- designed network architecture and image-routing strategy. However, device-dependent low- speed data interface limited PACS performance.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cyber defense competition: enhancing student competency in information security

This poster presents the experiences of two teams at respective universities on preparing and attending Pacific Northwest Cyber Defense Competition. Both teams benefited from participating in the competition with students expressing positive learning experiences. Recommendations for other schools that may be interested in competing or setting up in-house cyber defense exercises will be presented.
NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Report 7:Summary report to phase 2 respondents including frequency distributions

Phase 2 of the four phase NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project was undertaken to study the transfer of scientific and technical information (STI) from government to the aerospace industry and the role of librarians and technical information specialists in the transfer process. Data was collected through a self-administered mailback questionnaire. Libraries identified as holding substantial aerospace or aeronautical technical report collections were selected to receive the questionnaires. Within each library, the person responsible for the technical report was requested to answer the questionnaire. Questionnaires were returned from approx. 68 pct. of the libraries. The respondents indicated that scientists and engineer are not aware of the services available from libraries/technical information centers and that scientists and engineers also under-utilized their services. The respondents also indicated they should be more involved in the process.
Monoclonal antibody recognizing a unique Rh-related specificity

A mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) UMRh, was prepared by immunizing Balb/c mice with the Jurkat T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line. The MAb UMRh is directed against a widely distributed Rh-related cell surface antigen, present on red blood cells (RBCs) expressing the more common Rh phenotypes. The antigen has reduced expression on RBCs of -D-, DCW-/DCW-, Rhmod and Rhnull phenotypes. UMR immunoblotted a unique pattern on RBC membrane preparations of two bands at 40 and 43 kD and a diffuse pattern extending upward to about 55 kD. The UMRh antigen is also present on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, granulocytes, platelets, leukemic cells of T cell, B cell and myeloid origins, hematopoietic stem cells, and two tumor lines (lung and colon carcinoma). The number of UMRh sites per RBC (CDe/ce) was determined to be 5,519 copies/cell, whereas the sites on a -D- phenotype RBC were 1,096 copies/cell. A T-ALL line (CEM) expressed 333,364 copies/cell and a myeloid line (KG-1) expressed 90,913 copies/cell. Several Rh-related murine MAbs have been described, but our data indicates that UMRh recognizes a previously uncharacterized Rh-related specificity.
Parkinson’s disease and mitochondrial complex I: a perspective on the Ndi1 therapy

Mitochondrial impairment has been collecting more and more attention as a contributing factor to the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. Above all, the NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, complex I, of the respiratory chain seems to be most culpable. Complex I dysfunction is translated to an increased production of reactive oxygen species and a decreased energy supply. In the brain, the dopaminergic neurons are one of the most susceptible cells. Their death is directly linked to the disease apparition. Developing an effective gene therapy is challenged by harmful actions of reactive oxygen species. To overcome this problem a therapeutic candidate must be able to restore the NADH-quinone oxidoreductase activity regardless of how complex I is impaired. Here we discuss the potency of the yeast alternative NADH dehydrogenase, the Ndi1 protein, to reinstate the mitochondrial respiratory chain compensating for disabled complex I and the benefit Ndi1 brings toward retardation of Parkinson’s disease.
Geometry of fluctuating vortex loops at superfluid phase transitions

Abstract The geometrical properties of thermally excited vortex loops near a superfluid phase transition are deduced from an analytic vortex-renormalization theory. The fractal Hausdorff dimension of the loops is dH=2.5, and the corresponding ‘anomalous’ dimensionality exponent is ηφ=−0.5. As the temperature is increased towards Tc the density distribution of loops of average diameter a crosses over from exponential to algebraic decay in the loop diameter. Just at Tc the distribution falls off algebraically as a−λ, where λ=d+1=4.0, in exact agreement with a cosmic-string prediction of Vachaspati and Vilenkin.
Cytokines and growth factors in the regulation of bone remodeling

Osteoporosis and periodontal disease both represent examples of abnormal bone remodeling. As knowledge of the cellular and molecular events in the normal bone remodeling process has accumulated in the last decade, better understanding of the pathophysiology of bone loss associated with periodontal disease and with aging has occurred. This short review does not attempt to include all aspects of this topic but covers specific areas in which there have been recent advances. (1) Observations made in the last few years have indicated that a hierarchy of both receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases may be involved in normal osteoclastic bone resorption and that certain members of these tyrosine kinase families may mediate cytokine effects. Studies in the op/op variant of murine osteopetrosis have shown that normal production of monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF, also called CSF-1) and activation of its receptor (the receptor tyrosine kinase c-fms) are required for normal osteoclast formation. (2) Studies in mice made deficient in nonreceptor tyrosine kinase by gene knockout have shown that expression of this nonreceptor tyrosine kinase is required for normal osteoclast action and ruffled border formation, although not for osteoclast formation. (3) Recent studies have shown that in addition to prostaglandins of the E series, other arachidonic acid metabolites may be involved in normal and abnormal osteoclastic bone resorption. 5-Lipoxygenase metabolites, the leukotrienes, stimulate isolated osteoclasts to form resorption pits as well as cause osteoclastic bone resorption in organ cultures of neonatal mouse calvariae. These compounds, which are unstable in tissue culture media, are readily inhibitable by agents that inhibit 5-lipoxygenase enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of Paleozoic strata in the Grand Canyon, Arizona

We determined U-Pb ages for detrital zircons from 26 samples of Paleozoic sandstone from the Grand Canyon. Cambrian strata yield mainly ca. 1.44 and 1.7–1.8 Ga ages that indicate derivation from nearby basement rocks of the Yavapai Province. Devonian strata contain zircons of 1.6–1.8 Ga, 1.34–1.40 Ga, and ca. 520 Ma, suggesting derivation from the Mazatzal and Yavapai Provinces, midcontinent region, and the Amarillo-Wichita uplift, respectively. Mississippian strata record a major change in provenance, with predominantly 415–475 Ma and 1030–1190 Ma grains interpreted to have been shed from the central Appalachian orogen. Pennsylvanian strata contain subequal proportions of 1.4–1.8 Ga grains derived from basement rocks exposed in the Ancestral Rocky Mountains and 409–464 and ca. 1070 Ma grains derived from the Appalachians. Permian strata contain abundant Appalachian zircons, including 270–380 Ma grains, and a lesser proportion of grains derived from the Ancestral Rocky Mountains. Transcontinental transport during Mississippian through Permian time is interpreted to have occurred in large river systems, facilitated by northeasterly trade winds during low sea level and by coastal currents. A compilation of young ages from all Upper Paleozoic strata yields age peaks of 270–365 Ma, 395–475 Ma, and 515–640 Ma, an excellent match for Alleghanian, Acadian, Taconic, and Neoproterozoic (peri-Gondwanan) episodes of magmatism along the Appalachian margin. Lag times of the youngest grains in these Upper Paleozoic strata average ∼25 m.y., suggesting relatively rapid exhumation and erosion of Appalachian source regions.
Sur-Nacimiento Fault Zone of California: Continental Margin Tectonics

The Sur-Nacimiento fault zone extends northwest through the southern and central Coast Ranges of California, and presumably continues offshore on the Continental Shelf. In part, or perhaps in its entirety, it forms the approximate boundary between the Franciscan trench(?) assemblage on the southwest and the granitic and regionally metamorphosed basement rocks of the Salinian block on the northeast. The Sur-Nacimiento fault zone includes the Sur fault zone, the Nacimiento fault, and a number of other faults of various kinds and various ages. There has been a long history of recurrent activity characterized by sequential changes in the types of movement. The Sur fault zone is here considered to have originated at the former margin of the continent during latest Cretaceous or Early Tertiary time as the culmination of processes that operated during the entire Late Mesozoic. Throughout the latest Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, and mid-Cretaceous, Franciscan deposits were probably carried into a trench and pushed against or partly beneath the crust to the east, by ocean-floor spreading. The Franciscan assemblage has a melange-like aspect which is appropriate to this kind of disturbance. Some rocks within the assemblage are about the same age (Early or mid-Cretaceous) as the adjacent Salinian granite, but they are unaffected by the granite. The postulated trench containing the Franciscan assemblage was probably far offshore during the time of granitic intrusion, but westward drift of North America narrowed the intervening distance. Conveyor-belt action of eastward-moving oceanic crust impinging against and beneath the edge of the continent may have ripped off and carried downward blocks of sialic crust. Perhaps this was the mechanism that eventually brought the Franciscan assemblage against the Salinian granite, creating the ancestral Sur fault zone. The Franciscan terrain is locally tectonically covered by allochthonous masses of Great Valley-type Late Mesozoic clastic sedimentary rocks predominantly of two ages: (1) Tithonian-Valanginian, and (2) Campanian-Maestrichtian(?). It is tentatively suggested that these allochthonous rocks were deposited between the continent and the trench in which the Franciscan accumulated, and that they were underthrust by the Franciscan during the same action that produced the Sur fault, in latest Cretaceous or Early Tertiary time. In the Tertiary, normal faulting occurred along the Sur-Nacimiento zone, following the annihilation of the active trench system. There are indications that strike-slip faulting and reverse faulting ensued at various times.
An eclectic therapeutic community for the treatment of addiction.

The Eclectic Therapeutic Community described in this report is a modification of a Jonesian Therapeutic Community to fit the immature character defenses of many addicted patients. The program emphasizes structures; that is, rules, policies, staff roles, therapeutic forums, program phases, and clear expectations to create living and learning situations in which addicts can model after staff and senior residents in the program. This modeling results in a development of a new perceptual style so that the addict patient is better able to clearly perceive his own behavior and the behaviors of others when involved in an emotional situation. The structures also protect the staff and patients against externalization and narcissistic injury. The program has developed out of consideration of recent psychoanalytic work with borderline and narcissistic personalities. A Gestalt therapeutic approach is employed because of its focus on perception of here and now social learning situations, case of communication of the b...
Brain potentials of recollection and familiarity

It is widely hypothesized that separate recollection and familiarity processes contribute to recognition memory. The present research measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs) from 128 head locations to identify patterns of brain activity related to recollection and familiarity. In two experiments, subjects performed a recognition memory task requiring discrimination between previously studied words, similar words that changed plurality between study and test, and new words (following Hintzman & Curran, 1994). The FN400 ERP component (300–500 msec) varied with the familiarity of words (new>studied = similar). The parietal component (400–800 msec) was associated with the recollection of plurality (studied > similar = new). Differences in the timing and spatial topography of the FN400 and parietal effects support the view that familiarity and recollection arise from distinct neurocognitive processes.
The central limit problem for trimmed sums

Let X, X1, X2,… be a sequence of non-degenerate i.i.d. random variables with common distribution function F. For 1 ≤ j ≤ n, let mn(j) be the number of Xi satisfying either |Xi| > |Xj|, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, or |Xi| = |Xj|, 1 ≤ i ≤ j, and let (r)Xn = Xj if mn(j) = r. Thus (r)Xn is the rth largest random variable in absolute value from amongst X1, …, Xn with ties being broken according to the order in which the random variables occur. Set (r)Sn = (r+1)Xn + … + (n)Xn and write Sn for (0)Sn. We will refer to (r)Sn as a trimmed sum.
Multi-agent control system for a municipal water system

The control system for a municipal water system needs to meet the criteria of maintaining continuity and reliability in the water supply for satisfying the consumer demand while saving the energy costs and maintaining the quality of water. In this paper, we propose an intelligent agent system for a municipal water system. This work shows the benefits of using the agent-based approach in handling different scenarios including the uncertain behavior of the system. A distributed control strategy is implemented and promising results are evaluated in a simulation of a water distribution system.
Effect of cyclic stress on structural changes in polycarbonate as probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is used to probe structural changes in glassy polycarbonate in terms of changes in the hole volume and the number density of holes during fatigue (cyclic stress) aging. The ortho-positronium (o-Ps) pickoff annihilation lifetime τ3, as well as the intensity I3, were measured as a function of cyclic stresses and various previous thermophysical aging histories. It is found that τ3, the longest of the three lifetime components resolved in the PALS of glassy polycarbonate, increases when a cyclic stress is applied. These results indicate that there is a structural change during fatigue aging. The “holes” where o-Ps can localize become larger upon fatigue aging. These results also suggest that a significant distinction exists between structural changes induced by thermophysical aging and fatigue aging. The o-Ps annihilation intensity, which is a relative measure of the hole density in a material, showed a continuous decrease upon fatigue aging, indicating the possibility of hole coalescence, which could be a precursor of crazing. The interaction between thermophysical aging and fatigue aging corresponds very well with the enthalpy relaxation behavior as reported previously, viz., a well-aged sample is much more sensitive to cyclic stress. More importantly, it is hypothesized that fatigue failure initiation is probably closely related to hole size and density fluctuation.
A multibunch plasma wakefield acceleration experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory

Plasma-based particle accelerators have made remarkable progress in the recent years. In particular the doubling of the energy of 42 GeV trailing electrons has been demonstrated in a bean-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory [I. Blumenfeld et al., Nature 445, 741–744 (15 February 2007)]. The next significant step for a PWFA is to demonstrate the acceleration of a witness bunch with a narrow energy spread. We have recently demonstrated experimentally a simple mask method to generate a train of drive bunches followed by a witness bunch with variable spacing in the picosecond range [P. Muggli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 054801 (2008)]. The train of drive bunches resonantly drives the wakefield, while the witness bunch is accelerated. The number of drive bunches, and therefore the accelerating wakefield amplitude can be selected. In a multi-drive-bunch configuration the witness bunch energy can be multiplied by a factor larger than two, and the transformer ratio and the transfer efficiency can in principle be maximized. The plasma is generated by a H2-filled capillary discharge. The plasma density measured and time-resolved using Stark broadening of the H α atomic line. It is adjusted to the resonance by varying the delay between the capillary discharge time and the arrival time of the electron train.
Belief in Free Will: Measurement and Conceptualization Innovations

Though the existence of free will seems to be a background assumption in Western life, very little research has examined the belief, and the handful of studies that have done so suggest only a modest endorsement and unclear relationships to other variables. However, methodological flaws in the earlier studies likely produced an underestimation of the strength of the belief among the general population. The current study developed and then administered a new measure of belief in free will to samples of senior high school and college students under conditions where demand characteristics were controlled. Both age groups endorsed the belief in free will to a much stronger extent than seen in previous research. Further, adults associated belief in free will with three purposes of punishment (rehabilitation, retribution, and deterrence) but adolescents only related the belief to retribution. Adults produced a negative correlation between the belief in free will and locus of control whereas adolescents evidenced no association between the variables. Both age groups demonstrated significant correlations between the belief and self-esteem. Finally, adolescents evidenced no correlation between the belief and religious conviction while adults produced a negative correlation between the two variables. In addition, the new free will instrument demonstrated extraordinary factor consistency between both samples. The results are discussed in the context of competing behavior analytic views regarding the origin of the belief in free will (cultural conditioning versus evolutionary adaptation) and the implications the origin has for progressive social and cultural change.
Symptomatology of Late-Life Minor Depression Among Primary Care Patients

Patients of four general internists and four family physicians were interviewed by two psychiatrists to identify those suffering from depressive disorders. Nineteen elderly (60 years of age and older) patients and 22 younger (between 18 and 59 years of age) patients met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for minor depressive disorder, and 73 elderly and 79 younger patients had no psychiatric disorder. In general, the elderly depressed medical outpatients and the younger depressed medical outpatients had similar symptomatology, as did the elderly and nonelderly medical outpatients without psychiatric disorders.
Habitat Associations, Life History, and Diet of the Blackspot Shiner, Notropis atrocaudalis

Abstract The ecology of Notropis atrocaudalis (Blackspot Shiner) including habitat associations, population age structure, reproduction, and food habits were examined in two east Texas streams from November 2001 through October 2002. Blackspot Shiner were generally found in relatively shallow, slow-flowing runs, but exhibited no strong seasonal habitat associations. The population consisted of four age groups (ages 0, 1, 2, and 3) present within a year, and estimated maximum life span was 3 years. Reproductively mature individuals were observed from March through August and temporal patterns in ovarian development, gonadosomatic index, and ova development indicated that Blackspot Shiner spawns multiple clutches of eggs over an extended spawning period. Blackspot Shiner diets consisted primarily of aquatic insects including Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Coleoptera larvae.
Ekklesial Work: Toward A Feminist Public Theology

Religion is deeply implicated in contemporary U.S. public life, as demonstrated in the increasing analysis of faith in any given presidential, congressional, or judicial candidate's political viewpoints; in ongoing presidential executive orders that approve government support and funding for faith-based initiatives; and in the continued lobbying by religious groups about a variety of moral and social justice issues such as euthanasia and immigration, to name a sample of recent flashpoint issues. What role do religious claims play in U.S. public life? How does Christian theology help clarify that role? What is the particular contribution of Christian feminist theology to understanding and rethinking that role?
o-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl Azide

[6655-31-8] C6H4N4O4S (MW 228.21) InChI = 1S/C6H4N4O4S/c7-8-9-15(13,14)6-4-2-1-3-5(6)10(11)12/h1-4H InChIKey = MNMURNLWLUKMSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,3-dipolar reagent that undergoes cycloaddition to alkenes, enamines, enol ethers, and enynes1) Physical Data: mp 71–73 °C. Solubility: sol most organic solvents. Preparative Method: by the reaction of o-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride with an aqueous acetone solution of Sodium Azide, first at 0 °C and then at 25 °C.2 Purification: crystallization from ethanol.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: azides should be expected to be sensitive to electrical, thermal, and/or mechanical shock. The parent sulfonyl azide, benzenesulfonyl azide, in the crude state, detonates violently when heated.
BUILDING A REGIONAL SPECIES POOL: DIVERSIFICATION OF THE ENALLAGMA DAMSELFLIES IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

We use a phylogeny of the North American Enallagma damselflies, derived from molecular and morphological data, to examine how the patterns of local and regional assemblage structure developed in this taxon across eastern North America. The two primary clades in the genus have nearly identical numbers of extant species, but the centers of diversity and the diversification rates for the two clades are quite different. One clade has its center of diversity in New England and radiated very recently from three species to give the current 18. Although most of this radiation involved the creation of new species in the ancestral fish-lake habitat, at least two independent lineages invaded and adapted to a new habitat: ponds and lakes lacking fish but supporting large numbers of large predatory dragonflies. The other clade, with greatest diversity in the southeastern United States, contains species that inhabit only water bodies that support fish populations. This "south- eastern" clade diversified at a much slower and more steady pace within the fish-lake habitat than the "New England" clade, but four speciation events in this clade appear to have occurred at the same time as the northern radiation. Combined with our current understanding of local community structure in fish and fishless lakes, these results indicate that most of the species in this regional assemblage were created by speciation mechanisms other than filling empty niches, which have resulted in many locally coexisting species that are very similar in their ecological characteristics. Damselflies in eastern North American ponds and lakes appear to exemplify features of both a regulated component of the littoral food web (i.e., a functional group) and an assemblage whose local community composition is influenced by nonadaptive macroevolutionary processes that have operated on a much larger regional scale.
Gating by Cyclic AMP: Expanded Role for an Old Signaling Pathway

The intracellular signal transduction pathway that utilizes cyclic AMP as a key messenger was the first such pathway to be described and has served as a model for many other transducing systems. Now Iyengar illustrates how this classic pathway has yet another function—in a number of different biological systems, the cyclic AMP pathway appears to gate (either negatively or positively) other signal transduction pathways.
Evidence for an emotion maintenance deficit in schizophrenia

Research has indicated that people with schizophrenia have deficits in reward representation and goal-directed behavior, which may be related to the maintenance of emotional experiences. Using a laboratory-based study, we investigated whether people with schizophrenia were able to maintain an emotional experience when given explicit instructions to do so. Twenty-eight people with schizophrenia and 19 people without completed a behavioral task judging their emotional experience of pictures held over a three second delay. This emotion maintenance task was compared to a subsequent in-the-moment emotion experience rating of each picture. In addition, all participants completed an analogous brightness experience maintenance and rating task, and patients completed a standardized visual working memory task. Participants with schizophrenia showed normal in-the-moment emotion experience of the emotion pictures; however, they showed decreased performance on emotion maintenance (for both positive and negative emotion) compared to participants without schizophrenia, even after controlling for brightness maintenance. The emotion maintenance deficit was not associated with visual brightness performance nor with performance on the visual working memory task; however, negative emotion maintenance was associated with an interview-based rating of motivation. These findings suggest that some aspects of impaired emotion maintenance in schizophrenia may be related to deficits in motivated behavior.
Dihydroquinazolinone Inhibitors of Proliferation of Blood and Liver Stage Malaria Parasites

Drugs that target both malaria9s liver and blood stages will be needed to reduce the disease9s substantial worldwide morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of a 259-member library of compounds that block proliferation of the blood stage of malaria revealed several scaffolds – dihydroquinazolinones, phenyldiazenylpyridines, piperazinyl methyl quinolones, and bis-benzimidazoles – with promising activity against the liver stage. Focused structure-activity studies on the dihydroquinazolinone scaffold revealed several molecules with excellent potency against both blood and liver stages. One promising early lead with dual activity is 2-(p-bromophenyl)-3-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1 H )-one with EC 50 values of 0.46 μM and 0.34 μM against liver stage P. berghei ANKA and blood stage P. falciparum 3D7 parasites, respectively. Structure-activity relationships revealed that liver stage activity for this compound class requires a 3-dialkyl amino ethyl group and is abolished by substitution at the ortho-position of the phenyl moiety. These compounds have minimal toxicity to mammalian cells and are thus attractive compounds for further development.
Filipina American women's breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors.

Background Filipino Americans are the fastest growing Asian minority group in the United States. There is limited knowledge about their breast cancer knowledge, screening practices and attitudes.
Collaborative musical improvisation in a laptop ensemble with LOLC

This paper discusses LOLC, a text-based collaborative music improvisation system for laptop ensemble developed by the authors. The paper evaluates LOLC in the context of a recent performance by professional classical musicians with minimal computer experience. Using qualitative data from interviews with the performers and quantitative data from server logs, the paper considers the degree to which LOLC facilitated collaborative improvisation among the musicians and the degree to which LOLC was accessible to non-programmers to learn and perform.