cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
UDPacetylglucosamine dehydrogenase from Achromobacter georgiopolitanum.

Abstract UDPacetylglucosamine dehydrogenase (UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -glucose: NAD oxidoreductase) has been demonstrated in extracts of wild-type and capsuleless mutant Achromobacter georgiopolitanum . The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of UDP- N -acetyl- d -glucosamine with the concomitant reduction of 2 moles of NAD per mole UDP- N -acetyl- d -glucosaminuronic acid produced. The UDP- N -acetyl- d -glucosaminuronic acid was characterized by electrophoretic and chromatographic comparison with the authentic compound and by identification of the products released from it by hydrolysis with acid or with phosphodiesterase and phosphomonoesterase. It was further characterized by conversion with diazomethane to the methyl ester and reduction of the latter to UDP- N -acetyl- d -glucosamine with sodium borohydride. Acetylglucosamine was demonstrated by gas-liquid chromatography in the acid hydrolyzate of the UDP- N -acetyl- d -glucosamine. The pH optimum of the dehydrogenase is 9.0 in glycine buffer. K m is 0.5 m m for UDP- N -acetyl- d -glucosamine and 1.5 m m for NAD. NADH 2 is an inhibitor strictly competitive with NAD, K i = 0.05 mm. UDP- d -glucose and NADP are also utilized by the enzyme at 0.1 the rate of UDP- N -acetyl- d -glucosamine and NAD respectively.
Mesothelioma clinical presentation.

Objectives Clinical teaching of treatment formesothelioma Design Case presentation Setting Postgraduate course Patient A52-year-old man with chest pain Interventions Multimodality therapy consisted of surgery, intrapleural chemotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Results Patientis alive and well 2 years after surgery. Conclusions Aggressive trimodality therapy for mesothelioma is presented as asuccessful treatment option.
Favorable and Unfavorable Book Reviews: A Quantitative Study.

Abstract Previous writers have consistently found a high percentage of favorable book reviews in trade and scholarly journals. This study addresses the relationship between book reviews and other review media; moreover, it examines the relationship of reviewer evaluations and various facets of book reviews.
Dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy and innate immune activation

Cells encounter many physical, chemical and biological stresses that perturb plasma membrane integrity, warranting an immediate membrane repair response to regain cell homeostasis. Failure to respond properly to such perturbation leads to individual cell death, which may also produce systemic influence by triggering sterile immunological responses. In this review, we discuss recent progress on understanding the mechanisms underlying muscle cell membrane repair and the potential mediators of innate immune activation when the membrane repair system is defective, specifically focusing on pathology associated with dysferlin deficiency.
Structural implications in diagenesis

Current concepts of the important covalent aspects of chemical bonding in silicates are discussed with special reference to the layer structures of the clay minerals.
Ranganathan's Third Law and Collection Access at Norcia: An Assessment

S. R. Ranganathan's Third Law of library science implies that books need help finding their way to each reader. From this law flows twelve corollaries which, when adapted to present day conditions, suggest evaluative criteria for assessing access to traditional book collections. In this essay, the author evaluates progress made over the last seven years in establishing a new library in Italy, employing the Third Law as a guide.
Air segmented continuous flow analysis in microbore tubing

Results from initial investigations of air-segmented continuous flow analysis (ASCFA) in microbore tubing are reported. Although excessive dispersion is limited in systems employing microbore tubing (i.e., <100 μm), the amount of mixing is increased from the recirculating flow pattern that forms due to the air bubbles. Response signals measured as a function of flow rate, reactor length and segmentation frequency show trends similar to ASCFA in conventional sized tubing. A comparison of systems with and without air segmentation is made employing a slow reaction, an enzyme catalyzed determination of glucose. Results show that the μ-ASCFA system produces a response signal that is 1.9 times the peak absorbance of the signal obtained without segmentation. In addition, the width of the response signal obtained with air segmentation is ∼50.0% of the width of the signal obtained without segmentation.
Adult refractory hypoxemic acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: the role of a regional referral center.

Abstract Background The investigators present a series of adults with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at a regional referral center. Methods Patients with refractory hypoxic ARDS received ECMO until they recovered lung function or demonstrated futility. ECMO was initiated at the referring facility if necessary, and aggressive critical care was maintained throughout. Results ARDS due to multiple etiologies was managed with ECMO in 36 adults. The pre-ECMO ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen was 48.3 ± 2.2. Regional facilities referred 89% of these patients, and 69% required ECMO for transport. The mean duration of ECMO was 7.1 ± .9 days for survivors, and the mean post-ECMO ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen was 281.2 ± 11. ECMO was successfully weaned in 67% of patients, and 60% survived to discharge. Conclusions ECMO provides support that prevents ventilator-induced lung injury while the lungs heal. The investigators present a series of 36 adults with refractory hypoxemic ARDS (ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen
COST FINDING: A Step‐by‐Step Guide

How much does it actually cost to order a book? What impact, if any, would a vendor plan have on library expenses? And what difference would it make to budget planning to have specific figures instead of the guesstimates on which many libraries rely?
Mechanisms involved in the p62-73 idiopeptide-modulated delay of lupus nephritis in SNF1 mice:

The F1 progeny of the (SWR × NZB) cross develop a lupus-like disease with high serum titers of autoantibodies, and increased frequency and severity of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis in females. In previous work, we found that an idiotypic peptide corresponding to aa62-73 (p62-73) of the heavy chain variable region of autoantibody 540 (IdLNF1) induced the proliferation of p62-73 idiotype-reactive T cell clones. Further, monthly immunization of pre-nephritic SNF1 female mice with p62-73 resulted in decreased nephritis and prolonged life spans. Here we show that this treatment modulated proliferative responses to IdLNF1 antigen, including a reduction in the population of idiopeptide-presenting antigen-presenting cells (APCs), as early as two weeks after immunization (10 weeks of age). Th1-type cytokine production was increased at 12 weeks of age. The incidence and severity of nephritis was reduced by 14 weeks compared to controls. Clinical indicators of nephritis, specifically histological eviden...
Do Business Cycles Alter the Composition of Research and Development Expenditures

I. INTRODUCTION This article examines one channel linking business cycles and growth: the composition of firm-financed research and development (RD Hall (1991), who argues that firms reorganize during recessions; and Saint-Paul (1993), who finds that negative demand shocks stimulate total factor productivity growth. The explanation is that the opportunity cost of inventive activity is countercyclical. Recessions temporarily reduce the return to production and expansions temporarily raise the return to production. Because most of the return to inventive activity is in the distant future, the business cycle does not significantly influence its return. Therefore, the relative return to inventive activity should rise during recessions and fall during expansions, causing firms to substitute between production and inventive activity over the business cycle. This line of argument implies that RD more basic R&D expenditures are countercyclical, whereas development R&D expenditures are procyclical. The changing mix of R&D expenditures over the business cycle might help explain the why Gali and Hammour (1991) and Malley and Muscatelli (1999) find that negative demand shocks stimulate total factor productivity. II. R&D AND THE OPPORTUNITY COST EFFECT The opportunity cost effect may exist, but the margin at which firms can substitute between inventive activity and other activities is small. …
Economic Burden of Inpatient Post-Admission Dehydration – Retrospective Database Analysis in Us

• PAD has a potential to add significant burden to hospital costs and resources. • Adopting strategies aimed at avoiding PAD may help in reducing hospital cost and resource burden and may improve patient outcomes. All patients:  Post-matching 86,398 pairs were identified.  Economic outcomes: • Mean total cost were significantly higher for the PAD group compared to NPAD group($33,945 vs. $22,380, p<0.0001). • Mean costs associated with room & board, central supply, surgery, pharmacy and other miscellaneous departments were also significantly higher for PAD group(all p<0.0001).  Clinical outcomes: • Compared to NPAD group, PAD group had higher mean LOS days(12.9 vs. 8.2, p<0.001) • PAD group also had a higher incidence of CAUTI(0.6 vs. 0.5%) and in-hospital mortality(8.6% vs. 7.8%) (both p<0.05). Sub-group analysis: • 50.2% of PAD patients were surgical patients. • The results for sub-group analysis were also significant for total costs(Medical patients: $22,065 vs. 15,700; Surgical patients: $45,728 vs. $32,091) and LOS days(Medical patients: 11.4 vs. 8.3; Surgical patients: 14.3 vs. 11.4) (all p<0.05).
Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Wave Diffraction by· a Vertical Cylinder

A three-dimensional time domain approach is used to study nonlinear wave diffraction by a fixed, vertical circular-cylinder that extends to the sea floor. In this approach, the development of the flow can be obtained by a time-stepping procedure, in which the velocity potential of the flow at any instant of time is obtained by the boundary-element method. In the numerical calculations, the exact body-boundary condition is satisfied on the instantaneous wetted surface of the cylinder, and the extended Sommerfield condition is used as the numerical radiation condition. The fourth-order Adams-Bashford method is employed in the time stepping scheme. Calculations are done to obtain nonlinear diffraction of solitary waves and Stokes second-order waves by a vertical circular cylinder. Numerical results are compared with available linear and second-order wave-force predictions for some given wave-height and wave-length conditions, and also with experimental data.
Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Gonadotropin Deficient and Normal Men: Suppression of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Responses by Testosterone

To determine the role of testosterone (T) in modulating gonadotropin secretion during sexual maturation, we studied males with isolated gonadotropin deficiency (IGD) before and during T therapy and compared the results to those in normal men. Low dose (0.025 jug/kg) pulses of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) were given every 2 h for 5 days to four males with IGD pretreated with T (IGD-T), and responses were compared to untreated IGD men. The same protocol was performed in four normal men. All IGD males had low gonadotropins on day 0. The mean preinjection LH and FSH rose to 4.4 ± 0.4 and 15.5 ± 2.5 mlU/ml, respectively, on day 5 in the IGD patients, while plasma T levels remained low (0.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml). T therapy, which produced adult plasma T levels, suppressed the rise in gonadotropins, particularly the FSH response. Preinjection LH and FSH levels on day 5 in the IGD-T patients were 2.5 ± 0.4 and 2.9 ± 1.0 mlU/ml, respectively. In normal men the GnRH-induced LH increments were of similar magnitude to...
Ondansetron and dolasetron provide equivalent postoperative vomiting control after ambulatory tonsillectomy in dexamethasone-pretreated children.

In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, we compared the incidence of emesis and 48-h recovery profiles after a single dose of preoperative ondansetron versus dolasetron in dexamethasone-pretreated children undergoing ambulatory tonsillectomy. One-hundred-forty-nine
Strategies for conducting dental examinations among cognitively impaired nursing home residents

Many nursing home residents have poor oral health and are in need of treatment. A major barrier to pre viding care is the difficulty of examining cognitively impaired elders. In two research studies, 625 exams were conducted on 181 nursing home residents, the majority of whom suffered severe cognitive impairment. Qualitative data collected during the course of these two studies revealed strategies that permitted examiners to conduct the examinations successfully, including developing rapport with the residents, providing a quiet environment, and enlisting the help of the primary caregiver. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among health professionals, especially dentists and nurses, is discussed.
Mapping of the versican proteoglycan gene (CSPG2) to the long arm of human chromosome 5 (5q12-5q14).

Versican is a major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of vascularized connective tissues whose eponym reflects its functional versatility in macromolecular affinity and interactions. In this report the authors have localized the versican gene (CSPG2) to the long arm of human chromosome 5 by utilizing a combination of somatic cell hybrids, Southern blotting, polymerase chain reaction, and chromosomal in situ hybridization. The proteoglycan gene segregated concordantly with hybrid cell lines containing the long arm of chromosome 5, comprising the 5q12-q14 band regions. To refine this locus further, they screened a chromosome 5-specific library and isolated several genomic clones encoding a portion of the 5[prime] end of versican. One of these genomic clones was used as a probe for in situ hybridization of human chromosome metaphases. The results corroborated the data obtained using somatic cell hybrids and further refined the assignment of the versican gene to the narrow band region of 5q12-5q14, with the primary site likely to be 5q13.2. The availability of novel genomic clones and the mapping data presented here will make possible the identification of any defect genetically linked to this proteoglycan gene. 27 refs., 4 figs.
Expression of an Antigenic Adenovirus Epitope in a Group B Coxsackievirus

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) cause human myocarditis, while human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) is implicated as an agent of this disease. The L1 loop of the Ad2 hexon protein has been demonstrated to be antigenic in rabbits. To evaluate the feasibility of a multivalent vaccine strain against the CVB and Ad2, we cloned the sequence encoding the Ad2 hexon L1 loop, flanked by dissimilar sequences encoding the protease 2A (2Apro) recognition sites, into the genome of an attenuated strain of CVB type 3 (CVB3/0) at the junction of 2Apro and the capsid protein 1D. Progeny virus (CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1) was obtained following transfection of the construct into HeLa cells. Replication of CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1 in diverse cell cultures demonstrated that the yield of the chimeric virus was between 0.5 to 2 log units less than the parental strain. Western blot analyses of the CVB3 capsid protein 1D in CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1-infected HeLa cells demonstrated production of the expected capsid protein. Viral proteins were detected earlier and in approximately fourfold greater amounts in CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1-infected HeLa cells than in CVB3/0-infected cells. Cleavage of the CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1 polyprotein by 2Apro was slowed, accompanied by an accumulation of the fusion 1D-L1 loop protein. Reverse transcription-PCR sequence analysis of CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1 RNA demonstrated that the Ad2 hexon polypeptide coding sequence was maintained in the chimeric viral genome through at least 10 passages in HeLa cells. Mice inoculated with CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1 demonstrated a brief viremia with no replication detectable in the heart but prolonged replication of virus in the pancreas in the absence of pathologic changes in either organ. CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1 induced binding and neutralizing anti-Ad2 antibodies, in addition to antibodies against CVB3 in mice. CVB3-PL2-Ad2L1 was used to challenge mice previously inoculated with CVB3/0 and with preexisting anti-CVB3 neutralizing-antibody titers; anti-Ad2 neutralizing and binding antibodies were induced in these mice at higher levels than in mice without anti-CVB3 immunity. The data demonstrate that a CVB vector can stably express an antigenic polypeptide of Ad2 from within the CVB open reading frame that results in the induction of protective immune responses against both viruses.
Optimal threshold in CT quantification of emphysema

To determine the optimal threshold by quantitatively assessing the extent of emphysema at the level of the entire lung and at the level of individual lobes using a large, diverse dataset of computed tomography (CT) examinations. This study comprises 573 chest CT examinations acquired from subjects with different levels of airway obstruction (222 none, 83 mild, 141 moderate, 63 severe and 64 very severe). The extent of emphysema was quantified using the percentage of the low attenuation area (LAA%) divided by the total lung or lobe volume(s). The correlations between the extent of emphysema, and pulmonary functions and the five-category classification were assessed using Pearson and Spearman’s correlation coefficients, respectively. When quantifying emphysema using a density mask, a wide range of thresholds from −850 to −1,000 HU were used. The highest correlations of LAA% with the five-category classification and PFT measures ranged from −925 to −965 HU for each individual lobe and the entire lung. However, the differences between the highest correlations and those obtained at −950 HU are relatively small. Although there are variations in the optimal cut-off thresholds for individual lobes, the single threshold of −950 HU is still an acceptable threshold for density-based emphysema quantification. • CT is widely used to assess the severity of emphysema • Density mask technique helps clinicians assess the extent of emphysema with CT • A standardised cut-off for density mask analysis at lobe level is desirable • −950 HU is acceptable for density-based emphysema quantification at the lobar level
Role of regulatory exosite I in binding of thrombin to human factor V, factor Va, factor Va subunits, and activation fragments.

Abstract The blood coagulation proteinase, thrombin, converts factor V into factor Va through a multistep activation pathway that is regulated by interactions with thrombin exosites. Thrombin exosite interactions with human factor V and its activation products were quantitatively characterized in equilibrium binding studies based on fluorescence changes of thrombin covalently labeled with 2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (ANS) linked to the catalytic site histidine residue byN α-[(acetylthio)acetyl]-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl ([ANS]FPR-thrombin). Exosite I was shown to play a predominant role in the binding of factor V and factor Va from the effect of the exosite I-specific ligand, hirudin54–65, on the interactions. Factor V and factor Va bound to exosite I of [ANS]FPR-thrombin with similar dissociation constants of 3.4 ± 1.3 and 1.1 ± 0.4 μm and fluorescence enhancements of 182 ± 41 and 127 ± 17%, respectively. Native thrombin and labeled thrombin bound with similar affinity to factor Va. Among factor V activation products, the factor Va heavy chain was shown to contain the site of exosite I binding, whereas exosite I-independent, lower affinity interactions were observed for activation fragments E and C1, and no detectable binding was observed for the factor Va light chain. The results support the conclusion that the factor V activation pathway is initiated by exosite I-mediated binding of thrombin to a site in the heavy chain region of factor V that facilitates the initial cleavage at Arg709 to generate the heavy chain of factor Va. The results further suggest that binding of thrombin through exosite I to factor V activation intermediates may regulate their conversion to factor Va and that similar binding of thrombin to the factor Va produced may reflect a mode of interaction involved in the regulation of prothrombin activation.
Mechanically-excited emission in cadmium sulfide

Abstract The phenomenon of radiative emission obtained by mechanical excitation of optically or thermally stimulated cadmium sulfide is described and discussed in terms of the recently proposed band structure of the material and the existence of trapping levels in the forbidden-gap region.
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE THRESHOLD OF THE ELECTROCUTANEOUS STIMULUS

Sirmnzasy.-An experiment was performed to display the absolute threshold for electrical stimulation of the skin as a function of S, the finger and the hand stimulated, and the day and time of day stimuli were administered. Thresholds were determined by a method of limits. S, the finger, and hand were significant sources of variation. A diurnal effect was suggested but not clearly shown. No quotidian effect was demonstrated. The recent interest of psychologists in electrocutaneo~~s stimulation and in its possible use in complex communication systems has prompted a great deal of research. Among the problems thac have been investigated are (1) the number of absolute stimul~ls identifications obtainable using the dimensions of duration and intensity (Hawkes, 1959, 1960), (2) different ways of encoding the stimulus for purposes of linguistic communication (Foulke, 1963), and ( 3) general studies of electrocutaneous information transfer ( Alluisi, 1961). Many problems remain to be solved on both che theoretical and practical levels. One of the problems concerns the locations at which electrical stimuli should be presented. Research using vibratory tactile stimulation has shown that different locations can be used as a variable in the coding of information (Howell, 1956; Geldard, 1957). For reasons of convenience the fingertips have been the most preferred locations for the presentation of electrical stimuli (Foulke, 1963). However, other locations have been employed with reasonable success (Alluisi, Morgan, & Hawkes, 1965), and studies of the sensitivity to electrocutaneous stimulation of different locations on the skin will have to be completed if knowledgeable selection of locations is to be made. Considerable variability among the stimulus intensity thresholds at different locations has been noted in studies that employed location as a coding dimension (Foulke, 1963). There is little information regarding changes in the threshold for stimulus intensity as a function of changes in stimulus locacions and Ss in code scudies have generally been allowed to adjust sti~nulus intensities to comfortable levels of equal apparent intensity. Hawkes (1956) investigated the stability of thresholds at the earlobe using 100- and 1000-cps sinusoidal electrical currents as stimuli. He found relatively high variability in the thresholds from day to day. This finding suggests thac 'The research reported in this paper was performed at the Universiry of Louisville under the auspices of the Electrocutaneous Communication Project and with funds made available through Army Contract No. DA-49-193-MD-2525.
Flow visualization studies of bodies with square cross sections

A water-tunnel study was conducted of four bodies. A solution of sodium fluorescein coating the body provided visualization of vortices and feeding sheets and isolated dots of methyl blue dye provided visualization of stream lines. These data, along with published oil-flow photos, were analyzed to develop the topological representation of the flows in cross-flow planes. Presented are the development of the flow along the body at fixed angles of attack and at a fixed body station with changes in angle of attack. Effects of roll angle, body corner radius, and nose bluntness are illustrated.
Structure of Student-Based Evaluation Ratings

This study attempted to clarify the dimensionality of faculty-course evaluation. A special appraisal instrument consisting of 64 rating items was administered to 2301 men and women students at the University of Hawaii. Sixty-four variables were intercorrelated and factor analyzed, resulting in an eight factor solution. The factors were grouped around the concepts of learning context, instructor, course, and outcomes of instruction. The findings were discussed in light of a systems approach to evaluation in higher education.
The reactions of isotopically labeled N15NO+ with CO, NO, O2, N2, NO2, and N2O

The reactions of labeled N15NO+ with CO, NO, O2, 18O2, N2, NO2, and N2O have been investigated using a tandem ICR instrument. In each case the total rate coefficient, product distribution, and kinetic energy dependence were measured. The results indicate that very specific reaction mechanisms govern these reactions. This conclusion is suggested by the lack of isotopic scrambling in many cases and by the complete absence of energetically allowed products in almost all of the systems. The kinetic energy studies indicate that most of the reaction channels proceed through an intermediate complex at low energies and via a direct mechanism at higher kinetic energies. Such direct mechanisms include long range charge transfer and atom or ion transfer.
Computational modeling of field enhancement in an individual carbon nanotube field emitter system

In this work we investigate the effect of various structural geometry on the field enhancement factor of an individual carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitter. We employ a computational model, that has been experimentally verified, to investigate the influence of system component geometry. Our results show that, in certain cases, the influences of support length and anode-cathode separation distance are of comparable magnitude. Additionally, the effect of CNT radius dominates the system electrostatics as compared to other structural geometries, such as anodecathode distance, the cathode structure supporting the CNT emitter and the length of the emitter.
Factors affecting graft survival after liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors is an increasingly common approach for expansion of the donor organ supply. However, transplantation with DCD livers results in inferior graft survival. In this study, we examined donor and recipient characteristics that are associated with poor allograft outcomes and present a set of criteria that permit allograft survival that is comparable to that of donation after brain death (DBD) grafts in both low- and high-risk recipients. METHODS The United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Liver Transplantation Registry between January 1996 and March 2006 was investigated. Adult DCD liver transplants (n = 874) were included. RESULTS A DCD risk index was developed using the statistically significant factors from a multivariate Cox model: history of previous transplantation, life support status at transplantation, donor age, donor warm ischemia time (DWIT), and cold ischemia time (CIT). Favorable DCD donor criteria were donor age < or =45 years, DWIT < or =15 min, and CIT < or =10 hr. Four risk groups were developed based upon index scores that showed different graft survival. Graft survival of the favorable DCD group (84.9% at 1 year, 75.2% at 3 years, and 69.4% at 5 years) was comparable to that for DBD liver transplantation irrespective of recipient condition. Increasing donor age was more highly predictive of poor outcomes in DCD compared to DBD, especially in recipients in poor preoperative condition. CONCLUSIONS DCD livers from young donors with short DWIT and CIT should be given greater consideration in order to expand the number of available donor organs.
Type IV Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation in Association with Familial Pulmonary Vascular Malformations: Case Report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Type IVc arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the spinal cord consist of multiple high-flow feeding vessels, and they often present a challenging management situation. Their location is intradural and extramedullary, and they are rare malformations that are difficult to treat owing to the risk of thrombosis of the anterior spinal artery. The authors report a case of Type IVc spinal AVM in a patient with a family history of three siblings with pulmonary AVMs. Spinal AVMs have been reported to be associated with inherited syndromes such as familial cutaneous hemangiomas and Kartagener's syndrome, but an association with pulmonary AVMs has not previously been described. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 27-year-old man presented with sudden onset of occipital headache with cervical radiation while weightlifting. Results of computed tomography of the brain were normal, but lumbar puncture revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient had a 1-year history of a neurogenic bladder and exhibited marked left calf muscle wasting. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent spinal magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed the AVM in the conus region. Selective spinal angiography was performed for diagnostic purposes. A laminectomy was performed, and the vessels feeding the AVM were clipped, as was the fistula. CONCLUSION: The patient remained neurologically stable, and angiography confirmed obliteration of the AVM. This is the first case report of a patient with a spinal AVM who had multiple siblings with pulmonary malformations or AVMs.
Anastreptene, a commonly encountered sesquiterpene of liverworts (hepaticae)

Abstract Anastreptene ( 9b ), a tetracyclic mono-ene of the same skeleton as myliol ( 10 ) has been found as a common constituent of essential oils derived from liverworts. The relationship to myliol is established by spectral comparison between the hydroboration products and the related ketones from anstreptene and myliol degradation products. The additional degradative chemistry for anastreptene could not be rationalized based on the original myliol assignment ( 4 ), but accord with the recent revision based on X-ray crystallography and provide a confirmation of the stereochemical assignments for myliol and anastreptene.
Role of lipids in prebiotic structures

Abstract In this paper we briefly review recent work on the prebiotic formation of fatty acids, glycerol, glycerol phosphates, acylglycerols, phosphatidic acids and other lipids. This evidence demonstrates the probable occurrence of such amphiphilic molecules in the prebiotic environment, and their self-assembly into vesicles with bilayer membranes resembling those of contemporary cells. The membranes are stable, osmotically active and able to maintain concentration gradients of ions and non-polar molecules. We then consider the role that such vesicles could have played in prebiotic evolution, and show how lipid membrane structures could contribute to the establishment of ionic gradients, to the selective concentration of organic compounds such as purines, and eventually to the emergence of early self-replicating systems.
Tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids and a digestive phospholipase A2 in the primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax

We report on the presence of arachidonic acid in larval and adult tissues of the primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax and of the secondary screwworm, C. macellaria. Arachidonic acid is present in the phospholipids of whole animal extracts of both species. This fatty acid appears to be accumulated during the larval stages, because proportions of arachidonic acid were higher in adults than in larvae. These insects probably obtain the arachidonic acid from dietary phospholipids. We also report on a phospholipase A2 activity in midgut preparations from third instars of the primary screwworm. Phospholipase A2 is responsible for hydrolyzing fatty acids from the sn-2 position of dietary phospholipids to release essential fatty acids. The screwworm enzyme is similar to mammalian digestive phospholipase A2s because it depends on calcium for high catalytic activity, it is sensitive to the sitespecific inhibitor oleyloxyethylphosphorylcholine, and it interacts with heparin. We further characterized the screwworm midgut phospholipase A2 by altering the reaction conditions, including reaction time, radioactive substrate concentration, protein concentration, pH and temperature. We speculate that the biological significance of this enzyme relates to acquiring essential fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, from dietary phospholipids. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Efficient programmable middleboxes for scaling large distributed applications

A range of application classes is emerging in the Internet whose characteristics differ considerably from those of the point-to-point request/response protocols, which have dominated its recent past. Sensor applications, peer-to-peer systems, and massive multiplayer on-line games are multi-point applications that share both a need for the timely correlation of data generated by different participants in a session and a potentially unlimited number of session participants. We propose the use of middleboxes residing in the network to help in the scaling of these applications. As these emerging applications are not readily subject to standardization, we believe that a programmable model, in which a given middlebox can be instrumented to support various applications either simultaneously or over time, is desirable. We describe our work to date in building such a middlebox that makes use of hardware assists in its data path to maintain high performance.
Coagulation Issues with Massive Transfusions

Intensivists frequently encounter coagulation abnormalities in critically ill patients. One of the more common etiologies is from massive blood loss. Current management strategies include higher transfusion ratios and new drugs that either increase clotting or decrease fibrinolysis. This article will review the pathophysiology and treatment options for the patient with a coagulopathy from massive transfusions.
Locomotion of the slow loris in a designed substrate context

This report analyzes the locomotion of a slow loris, Nycticebus coucang, in a designed substrate context composed of dowels varying in: (1) thickness, including diameters of 42mm, 20mm, 10mm, and 7mm; (2) inclination, including horizontal, diagonal, and vertical; (3) density, with one-half the cage more densely furnished with dowels than the other. Tabulation of frequencies of use of these different classes of substrate revealed preferences for thicker (20mm and 42mm) and more horizontally inclined surfaces, but not for either of the two sections of the cage. The data for the parameters of thickness and inclination agree with those obtained by Charles-Dominique ('71) for free-ranging Perodicticus, both sets contrasting with his data on substrate use by the sympatric Arctocebus. Locomotor performance, as judged by gait and segmental kinematic patterns, was, however, markedly different in the two sections, as well as on the wire wall of the cage. Analysis of these quantitative and qualitative data suggests that the interaction between the cheiridea and substrate parameters frequently determines the expression of other features of locomotor performance.
Phosphorylation of P68 RNA Helicase by P38 MAP kinase contributes to colon cancer cells apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin

Background We previously demonstrated that p68 phosphorylation at threonine residues correlates with cancer cell apoptosis under the treatments of TNF-α and TRAIL (Yang, L. Mol Cancer Res Vol 3, pp 355–63 2005).
A Community Approach to the Treatment of the Chronically Mentally Ill

The primary objective of this paper is to present an overview of treatment of the chronically mentally ill in a community residential setting. Strategies for assessment, case management and work with family support groups, as well as research data and the instruments utilized, will be presented. The major outcome has been measurement of the client’s progress and subsequent placement in the least restrictive environment, resulting in a unique cost effective community program.
Logical Undecidabilities Made Easy

Referring to symbolic computing permits extremely simple proofs of undecidability for first-order logic and theories of basic structures. Using grammars we obtain a trivial proof that firstorder validity is undecidable (already for formulas with quantifier prefix ∃∃ and referring to only one unary relation and one binary function [2]). A similar proof yields Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem for the structure of strings; undecidability for arithmetic follows by noting that addition and multiplication permit direct coding of string concatenation.
Food Intake, Energy Balance and Serum Leptin Concentrations in Rats Fed Low-Protein Diets

Studies examining the effects of low-protein diets on food intake and body weight have shown varied results. Many researchers have found low dietary protein to increase food intake, while others have found no effect or even a decrease. In 63 male Sprague-Dawley rats, we examined several low levels of dietary protein (2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15% vs. 20% casein) to determine the dose-response relationships between low dietary protein and food intake, body composition, energy balance and serum leptin concentrations. Food intake, over the range of low dietary protein, showed a quasi bell-shaped response curve with peak intake occurring in rats fed 8-10% casein. Peak feeding occurred at or just below the estimated protein requirement of the rats (10-12.5% casein). Compared to the 20% casein controls, food intake was severely reduced in rats fed 2% casein, while it was greater in the other low-protein groups. The amount of body fat steadily increased between the 15% casein group and the 8% casein group, and sharply declined between the 5% casein group and 2% casein group. The change in body fat reflected both the change in food intake and altered energy partitioning. Serum leptin concentrations were greater in rats fed the 5 and 8% casein diets than in control rats fed 20% casein. Serum leptin concentrations were positively associated with body fat content (r(2) = 0.763, P < 0.001). Increased serum leptin concentrations in the presence of increased food intake is suggestive of a state of leptin resistance. This animal model may provide important insights into diet-induced obesity.
Writing manuscripts for publication in scientific journals

Scientific articles are composed to communicate the motivation for performing the investigation or experiment, and to explain the study design, method of execution, data obtained, and meaning of the results. A standard format, with some variations, is often used in scientific journals that report experimental, clinical, epidemiological, or theoretical investigations. The differences between the sections and guidelines for appropriate information to provide in each section are discussed. Bioelectromagnetics 32:1–3, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of caffeine on ibuprofen analgesia in postoperative oral surgery pain

Recent studies have demonstrated that caffeine acts as an analgesic adjuvant when combined with acetaminophen, aspirin, or their mixture. Our objective was to determine whether similar enhancement of analgesia could be demonstrated when caffeine is combined with ibuprofen. On a double-blind basis, a single oral dose of ibuprofen (50, 100, or 200 mg), a combination of ibuprofen, 100 mg, with caffeine, 100 mg, a combination of ibuprofen, 200 mg, with caffeine, 100 mg, or placebo was randomly assigned to 298 outpatients with postoperative pain after the surgical removal of impacted third molars. With a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 8 hours. All active treatments were significantly superior to placebo, and the caffeine effect was significant for every measure of analgesia. Relative potency estimates indicated that the combination was 2.4 to 2.8 times as potent as ibuprofen alone. The combination also had a more rapid onset and longer duration of analgesic action. The analgesic adjuvancy of caffeine clearly extends to combinations with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs other than acetaminophen or aspirin.
Evaluating Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery for Rangeland Assessment in South Texas

Abstract Airborne hyperspectral imagery was evaluated for differentiating among rangeland ecological variables on two range sites (tight sandy loam and shallow ridge) on south Texas rangelands. Field spectroradiometric reflectance measurements made on dominant vegetation (plant species and vegetation mixtures) and soil land‐use types on the two sites identified six wavelengths [five visible and one near‐infrared (NIR)] where significant spectral differences occurred among the parameters. The spectral bands that corresponded to these wavelengths were extracted from the 128‐band hyperspectral images obtained of each site and used to develop false color composites that were subjected to computer classifications and accuracy assessments. The bands selected for the composites included the green (498.9 nm), yellow‐green (549.7 nm), orange (629.6 nm), red (651.3 nm), dark red (680.4 nm), and NIR (825.5 nm). Accuracy assessments performed on the classification maps of four false color composites of the tight sand...
On-line laboratories for image and two-dimensional signal processing using 2D J-DSP

Java Digital Signal Processing (J-DSP) is a Java-based object-oriented programming environment that was developed at Arizona State University (ASU) for use in undergraduate- and graduate-level engineering classes. J-DSP is written as a platform-independent Java applet that resides on the Web and is thereby accessible by all students using a Web browser. We describe an innovative software extension to J-DSP, called 2D J-DSP, to accommodate on-line laboratories for two-dimensional digital signal processing. Two-dimensional DSP capabilities in J-DSP include: 2D signal generation; 2D FIR filter design and implementation; 2D transforms. Image processing capabilities include image restoration and enhancement. In order to illustrate 2D concepts graphically, contour (2D) and perspective (3D) plots have been incorporated in 2D J-DSP. Online laboratory exercises have been developed in the aforementioned areas for use in the graduate-level multidimensional signal processing and image processing courses at ASU, and are posted on the Website (http://jdsp.asu.edu). Statistical and qualitative evaluations that assess the learning experiences of the students that use 2D J-DSP are also presented.
Ti 3p electrons: core or valence?

The debate over where Ti 3p electrons should be placed (in the core or valence) has been addressed using pseudopotential-based density functional theory. This work has focused on the TiO2 rutile phase using two different Ti pseudopotentials with 4 or 10 valence electrons, depending on how the Ti 3p electrons are treated. The electronic structure of bulk TiO2 are very similar for the two potentials, and both potentials show similar bulk properties (lattice parameters, bulk modulus). Adsorption of several different types of molecules on a (110) surface gives similar results for organic and inorganic molecules, while adsorption of metal atoms leads to noticeable differences in adsorption energies (26% difference between the two pseudopotentials). This discrepancy is attributed to a larger change in the electronic state of Ti upon metal adsorption, compared to organic or inorganic molecule adsorption. The results also show that the two pseudopotential methods describe oxygen vacancies slightly differently, with a difference in vacancy formation energy being 0.32 eV. Ti in other oxidation states was modeled and both pseudopotentials work reasonably well. This study shows that the 3p electrons can often be treated as core states, but care must be taken to verify that this does not affectmore » the simulation accuracy. Funding was provided by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Computational resources were provided by the Molecular Science Computing Facility located at the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory in Richland, WA and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All work was performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Battelle operates PNNL for the U.S. Department of Energy.« less
Effects of Ovariectomy, Adrenalectomy, and Corticoid Replacement on the Leucocyte Response to Nursing and Mammary Nucleic Acid

Abstract The mechanism for the leucopenic effects of milking was studied in intact, sham-operated, ovariectomized, and adrenalectomized lactating rats. Following nursing, circulating leucocytes decreased 33, 37, 39, and 4% for intact, sham-operated, ovariectomized, and adrenalectomized rats. The leucocyte decrease following nursing was significant (P
Training the New Conservationist: Cross-disciplinary Education in the 1990s

The need for an integrated approach to ecological conservation and natural resource development is becoming widely recognized as environmental and social problems become more and more acute with human population pressures and depletion of resources. While a number of academic programmes addressing environmental problems have been operating for several decades, comprehensive approaches that integrate conservation with development issues are only just beginning to occur. These innovative, cross-disciplinary problem-solving approaches still face a number of traditional constraints to successful programme development. Obstacles occur in every major aspect of academia — including structure, communication, reward systems, research, curriculum, and evaluation.
Four Perspectives on Conflict Management: An Attributional Framework for Organizing Descriptive and Normative Theory

Diverse explanatory conflict models and intervention strategies reflect key perceptual/attributional choices. Two key choices are used as organizing devices to identify four broad perspectives upon conflict: external process, external structural, internal process, and internal structural. Diagnostic concepts and intervention strategies from the literature are summarized to illustrate each perspective.
Concurrent runtime monitoring of formally specified programs

A methodology for continuously monitoring a program for specification consistency during program execution is described. Prior development of the formal specification and program is assumed. The program is annotated with constructs from a formal specification language, and the formal specification constructs are transformed into checking code, which is then inserted into the underlying program. Calls to this checking code are inserted into underlying program wherever it can potentially become inconsistent with its specification. If an inconsistency does in fact occur, diagnostic information is provided. The implementation of such a system for Anna (annotated Ada) subtype annotations is presented. >
Lessons Learned from Optimizing Science Kernels for Intel's "Knights Corner"' Architecture

Optimizing the codes and kernels representing the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center's workload on the Knights Corner architecture helped pave the path for NERSC's newest machine. Cori will use the next generation of Intel Xeon Phi processors: Knights Landing.