cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surveying implicit solvent models for estimating small molecule absolute hydration free energies

Implicit solvent models are powerful tools in accounting for the aqueous environment at a fraction of the computational expense of explicit solvent representations. Here, we compare the ability of common implicit solvent models (TC, OBC, OBC2, GBMV, GBMV2, GBSW, GBSW/MS, GBSW/MS2 and FACTS) to reproduce experimental absolute hydration free energies for a series of 499 small neutral molecules that are modeled using AMBER/GAFF parameters and AM1-BCC charges. Given optimized surface tension coefficients for scaling the surface area term in the nonpolar contribution, most implicit solvent models demonstrate reasonable agreement with extensive explicit solvent simulations (average difference 1.0–1.7 kcal/mol and R2 = 0.81–0.91) and with experimental hydration free energies (average unsigned errors = 1.1–1.4 kcal/mol and R2 = 0.66–0.81). Chemical classes of compounds are identified that need further optimization of their ligand force field parameters and others that require improvement in the physical parameters of the implicit solvent models themselves. More sophisticated nonpolar models are also likely necessary to more effectively represent the underlying physics of solvation and take the quality of hydration free energies estimated from implicit solvent models to the next level. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
The Effect of Cycloheximide on the Interaction between Mitochondrial Respiration and Gluconeogenesis in Guinea Pig and Rat Liver

Abstract Cycloheximide (3 to 5mm) caused a decrease in the rate of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate, lactate, or glycerol in the perfused rat and guinea pig liver. In these experiments, oxygen consumption was reduced by 30% with pyruvate but was unaltered with lactate or glycerol as substrates. The inhibition of gluconeogenesis caused by cycloheximide was rapid in onset (100% of maximal inhibition in 1 to 2 min) and immediately reversible upon cessation of cycloheximide infusion. Perfused livers were freeze-clamped in situ before and during cycloheximide infusion and the mitochondrial NAD:NADH ratio was calculated by a measurement of intermediates of the β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase couplet. There was a marked shift toward reduction of the intramitochondrial pool of nicotinamide coenzymes after cycloheximide infusion. Under these conditions, the hepatic levels of ATP, ADP, and AMP were not significantly altered by cycloheximide in livers of rats perfused with lactate. With pyruvate as substrate, the ratio of ATP:ADP was decreased although no change in AMP levels was observed. Our findings indicate that the metabolic effects of cycloheximide are rapidly reversed, with the inhibitory effect on gluconeogenesis not evident after 10 min of recycling of the perfusate through the liver. Previous studies with cycloheximide have shown this compound to block mitochondrial energy transfer at Site I of the respiratory chain. It is suggested that cycloheximide decreases the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis by an inhibition of mitochondrial energy transfer at Site I.
A 6 month randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multi-center trial of high dose atorvastatin on myocardial perfusion abnormalities by positron emission tomography in coronary artery disease

Background In coronary artery disease (CAD), statins decrease morbidity and mortality but changes in myocardial perfusion abnormalities remain poorly defined. Methods We completed a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multi-center trial of 145 patients, 43 to 86 years old, with CAD from seven community and academic centers for cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) randomized to 6 months of atorvastatin 80mg daily (72 patients) or placebo (73 patients). PET scans were obtained at baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months using N-13 ammonia or Rb-82 at rest and after dipyridamole or adenosine stress, submitted to the core PET laboratory in Houston. Change in stress induced perfusion defects from baseline to follow-up PET scans was scored by two independent, double blinded readers and by automated quantitative software. Results Total and LDL cholesterol decreased by 37% and 51%, respectively in atorvastatin but not placebo groups ( P P = .02). Ad-hoc subgroup analysis showed interaction between quantitative defect size and treatment response with perfusion defects in the upper tertile of size by automated software improving more in atorvastatin than placebo groups ( P = .016). Conclusion The primary endpoint, quantitative severity of myocardial perfusion abnormalities by PET, did not improve after 6 months of atorvastatin 80 mg daily compared to placebo. The secondary endpoint of predefined blinded visual change scores significantly improved, as did a subgroup in the upper tertile of defect size, compared to placebo.
Detonation Initiation via Imploding Shock Waves

An imploding annular shock wave driven by a jet of air was used to initiate detonations inside a 76 mm diameter tube. The tube was filled with a test gas composed of either stoichiometric ethylene-oxygen or propane-oxygen diluted with nitrogen. The strength of the imploding shock wave and the sensitivity of the test gas were varied in an effort to find the minimum shock strength required for detonation of each test mixture. The results show that the minimum required shock strength increases with mixture sensitivity and suggest that impractically large shock driver pressures are required to initiate detonations in ethylene-air or propane-air mixtures when using this technique.
Role of the nonionic surfactant Triton X‐405 in emulsion polymerization. III. Copolymerization of styrene and n‐butyl acrylate

Emulsion copolymerizations of styrene and n-butyl acrylate were conducted at 70°C using varying amounts of Triton X-405 (octyl phenoxy polyethoxyethanol) as emulsifier. The kinetic behavior was found to vary widely depending on the emulsifier concentration. Unimodal particle size distributions were produced at the lowest (4.2 mM) and the highest levels (12.5 mM, 16.2 mM) of emulsifier while at intermediate levels (6.3 mM and 8.4 mM) bimodal distributions were produced; these were reflected in the reaction kinetics. These results were attributed to the surfactant partitioning behavior in the system which led to homogeneous/coagulative nucleation at the lowest level to homogeneous/coagulative nucleation followed by micellar nucleation at the intermediate levels to micellar nucleation at the highest levels. Although the added surfactant levels were all well above that required to exceed its CMC in the aqueous phase, the substantial partitioning into the oil phase lead to conditions well below the CMC of the portion of the surfactant present in the aqueous phase for the lowest and the intermediate levels of the Triton X-405. Consequences of this partitioning were seen in a semibatch reaction where all the surfactant was initially present in the aqueous phase; in this case, too many particle were nucleated leading to massive coagulation due to insufficient surfactant being available to stabilize the particles. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3837–3846, 1997
Identification and estimation of nonclassical nonlinear errors-in-variables models with continuous distributions using instruments

The literature on nonclassical measurement error traditionally relies on the availability an auxiliary dataset containing correctly measured observations to achieve consistent estimation. Recently, methods that rely instead on instruments have been developed to handle misclassification errors in discrete covariates. To complement these new methods, we establish that the availability of instruments also enables the identification of a large class of nonclassical nonlinear errors-in-variables models with continuously distributed variables. Our main identifying assumption is that, conditional on the value of the true regressors, some “measure of location” of the distribution of the measurement error (e.g. its mean, mode or median) is equal to zero. The instruments must satisfy the intuitive requirement that they provide no more information regarding the variables than the true regressors do. The proposed approach relies on the eigenvalue-eigenfunction decomposition of an integral operator associated with specific joint probability densities. The main identifying assumption is used to "order" the eigenfunctions so that the decomposition is unique. We propose a sieve-based estimator that is relatively simple to implement. The asymptotic properties of this estimator are derived and its finite-sample behavior is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. An example of application to the relationship between earnings and divorce rates is also provided.
Migration as spatial job-search: a survey of empirical findings.

HERZOG H. W. Jr, SCHLOTTMANN A. M. And BOEHM T. P. (1993) Migration as spatial job-search: a survey of empirical findings, Reg. Studies 27, 327–340. This paper surveys the empirical literature concerning the complex interrelationships among personal unemployment, migration and the likelihood of re-employment. Particular attention is devoted to those microdata-based studies that consider migration as spatial job-search. Implications concerning migration efficiency vary among the studies surveyed, and depend upon the methodology, data and econometric procedures employed. Recent findings by the authors, based upon a new estimation technique, provide additional evidence concerning the success of job-search vis-a-vis migration. HERZOG H. W. Jr, SCHLOTTMANN A. M. Et BOEHM T. P. (1993) La migration en tant qu'un moyen spatial de rechercher un emploi: un examen des preuves empiriques, Reg. Studies 27, 327–340. Cet article examine la documentation empirique concernant les rapports complexes entre le chomage indivi...
Alteration history studies in the Exploratory Studies Facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA

By mid-1995, the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) extended about 1. 1 km from Exile Hill westward toward Yucca Mountain, mostly within densely welded, devitrfied Tiva Canyon Tuff. Secondary mineral occurrences in this unit include breccia cements of mordenite, a fibrous zeolite, and vapor-phase deposits of silica, alkali feldspar, apatite, hollandite, amphibole, and zircon. Calcite is also a common secondary mineral in faults and fractures. Studies of water and gas contents in fluid inclusions in calcites from a fault in nonwelded tuff and a fracture in densely welded tuff suggest mineral deposition under transient locally saturated conditions. Calcite in the nonwelded tuff incorporated air from the unsaturated tuff adjacent to the fault. A highly altered interval within pre-Pah Canyon tuffs just above the top of the Topopah Spring Tuff may be a fossil fumarole or other hydrothermal feature associated with cooling pyroclastic deposits, overprinted by later zeolitic alteration. The observed quartz, cristobalite, opal-CT, and fluorite have been widely identified as products of syngenetic devitrification and vapor-phase alteration in and above the Topopah Spring Tuff. Smectite, also an abundant secondary mineral at the ESF site, has been observed elsewhere at this stratigraphic level. Zeolitic alteration of nonwelded tuffs above the Topopah Springmore » Tuff, as seen in the ESF, has also been noted in drill core and outcrop at northeastern Yucca Mountain. The hydrologic and geochemical conditions that favored zeolitization only in certain areas of this stratigraphic interval have yet to be determined.« less
Cloning, expression, and catalytic mechanism of murine lysophospholipase I.

A lysophospholipase (LysoPLA I) has been purified and characterized from the mouse macrophage-like P388D1 cell line (Zhang, Y. Y, and Dennis, E. A. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 9965-9972). This enzyme has now been sequenced, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The enzyme contains 230 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 24.7 kDa. It has a high helical content in its predicated secondary structure, which is also indicated in its CD spectrum. The cloned LysoPLA I was purified to homogeneity from the transformed E. coli cells by a gel filtration column and an ion exchange column. The specific activity of the purified protein is 1. 47 micromol/min.mg toward 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine at pH 8.0 and 40 degrees C, corresponding to the reported value of 1.3-1.7 micromol/min.mg for the protein purified from the P388D1 cells. In addition, the cloned protein cross-reacted with an antibody raised against LysoPLA I also purified from the P388D1 cells. The deduced LysoPLA I sequence contains a well conserved GXSXG motif found in the active site of many serine enzymes, and the activity of the LysoPLA I was irreversibly inhibited by the classical serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis was employed to change Ser-119 in the GXSXG motif to an Ala. The resulting mutant protein lost all of its lysophospholipase activity, even though it had the same overall protein conformation as that of the wild-type LysoPLA I. Therefore, LysoPLA I has been demonstrated to be a serine enzyme with Ser-119 at the active site.
Work–life boundary management and the personal digital assistant

New mobile information and communication technologies are of special interest to researchers seeking to understand the problematic of boundaries between work and personal-life. This study examines how workers used and interpreted the personal digital assistant (PDA) as a boundary management resource. Using a protocol that combined structured, closed-ended questions with open-ended questions, 42 users were interviewed. The data were analyzed to examine individuals' practices in using this technology, the interpretive resources they drew upon, and the ways in which the spirit of the device's design intersected with their practices and interpretations. Results suggest that the spirit of the device is control, and that users interpreted their technological practices as expressions of personal agency, using the PDA to control the work—life boundary through both integration and segmentation of work and personal-life.
Agronomic and quality effects in winter wheat of a gene conditioning resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is one of the most important diseases limiting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the western Great Plains of North America. There is no known effective WSMV resistance within the primary gene pool of wheat. However, a resistance gene (Wsm1) has been transferred to wheat from a perennial relative, intermediate wheat-grass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey]. Nebraska-adapted winter wheat lines carrying Wsm1 were used to characterize the effects of this alien introgression on agronomic and quality traits. Sister-lines from six breeding populations were evaluated under virus-free conditions, and under a naturally occurring viral infection. In uninfected locations, no significant difference for grain yield was detected between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines, when averaged over populations, but resistant lines had significantly higher test weights. Within populations, significantly higher grain yield was observed only in population 1, while significantly higher test weights occurred in populations 1, 2, 5 and 6. At the infected location, resistant lines were significantly higher in yield in five of six populations. In two of six populations, susceptible lines were significantly higher in bread loaf volume and bake mix time, while in the remaining populations, no significant quality differences were observed. As the Wsm1 gene provided yield advantages under viral infection, and there was no yield detriment in the absence of the virus, its deployment in hard winter wheat cultivars merits consideration.
Ribonucleic acid and enzyme synthesis in developing Phormia regina embryos.

Abstract 1. 1. The total RNA content and the relative amounts of t RNA, 5SRNA and r RNA do not vary significantly during the development of Phormia regina embryos. 2. 2. After approximately 50 per cent of their developmental period has lapsed, these embryos are able to synthesize all RNA components as indicated by the incorporation of 32 PO 4 2− and 3 H-uridine into t RNA, 5SRNA and r RNA fractions analyzed by MAK column chromatography. 3. 3. Beta-galactosidase and esterases present in freshly oviposited eggs appeared to undergo a rapid synthesis during the last 30 per cent of the development period.
Akt-dependent phosphorylation of hepatic FoxO1 is compartmentalized on a WD40/ProF scaffold and is selectively inhibited by aPKC in early phases of diet-induced obesity.

Initiating mechanisms that impair gluconeogenic enzymes and spare lipogenic enzymes in diet-induced obesity (DIO) are obscure. Here, we examined insulin signaling to Akt and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) in liver and muscle and hepatic enzyme expression in mice consuming a moderate high-fat (HF) diet. In HF diet–fed mice, resting/basal and insulin-stimulated Akt and aPKC activities were diminished in muscle, but in liver, these activities were elevated basally and were increased by insulin to normal levels. Despite elevated hepatic Akt activity, FoxO1 phosphorylation, which diminishes gluconeogenesis, was impaired; in contrast, Akt-dependent phosphorylation of glycogenic GSK3β and lipogenic mTOR was elevated. Diminished Akt-dependent FoxO1 phosphorylation was associated with reduced Akt activity associated with scaffold protein WD40/Propeller/FYVE (WD40/ProF), which reportedly facilitates FoxO1 phosphorylation. In contrast, aPKC activity associated with WD40/ProF was increased. Moreover, inhibition of hepatic aPKC reduced its association with WD40/ProF, restored WD40/ProF-associated Akt activity, restored FoxO1 phosphorylation, and corrected excessive expression of hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes. Additionally, Akt and aPKC activities in muscle improved, as did glucose intolerance, weight gain, hepatosteatosis, and hyperlipidemia. We conclude that Akt-dependent FoxO1 phosphorylation occurs on the WD/Propeller/FYVE scaffold in liver and is selectively inhibited in early DIO by diet-induced increases in activity of cocompartmentalized aPKC.
Vaccine for epilepsy

The recent Ebola outbreak is a reminder that many neglected tropical diseases are still far from being eradicated (5, 11). Neurocysticercosis is 1 of 17 neglected tropical diseases identified by the World Health Organization (2, 11, 12). The World Health Organization estimates that neurocysticercosis is the most common preventable cause of epilepsy worldwide (2). Although improvement in sanitation has decreased the incidence, it persists as the most common helminthic infection of the central nervous system (12) (Figure 1).
Differential innate immune responses to low or high dose oral SIV challenge in Rhesus macaques

Mucosal transmission of HIV predominately occurs during sexual intercourse or breast-feeding and generally results in a successful infection from just one or few founder virions. Here we assessed the impact of viral inoculum size on both viral and immune events within two groups of Rhesus macaques that were non-traumatically, orally inoculated with either multiple low (1000 to 4000 TCID50) or high (100,000 TCID50) doses of SIV. In agreement with previous studies, more diverse SIV variants were observed in macaques following infection with high dose oral SIV compared to a low dose challenge. In peripheral blood cells, the immune gene transcript levels of CXCL9, IFNγ, TNFα and IL10 remained similar to uninfected macaques. In contrast, OAS and CXCL10 were upregulated following SIV infection in both the high and low dosed macaques, with a more rapid kinetics (detectable by 7 days) following the high SIV dose challenge. In peripheral lymph nodes, an increase in CXCL10 was observed irrespective of viral dose while CXCL9 and OAS were differentially regulated in the two SIV dosed groups. Magnetic bead sorting of CD3+, CD14+ and CD3−/CD14− cells from peripheral blood identified the increase in OAS expression primarily within CD14+ monocytes, whereas the CXCL10 expression was primarily in CD3+ T cells. These findings provide insights into the impact of SIV challenge dose on viral and innate immune factors, which has the potential to inform future SIV/HIV vaccine efficacy trials in which vaccinated hosts have the potential to be infected with a range of viral challenge doses.
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy as an effective treatment modality in chronic graft-versus-host disease

Background In chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) cytotoxic and suppressor T lymphocytes probably play a decisive pathogenetic role. The efficacy of conventional immunosuppressive therapy is often insufficient, and drug side effects may produce further complications. Photochemotherapy with orally administered photosensitizer 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) followed by UV-A irradiation of the skin (PUVA) has been reported as an advantage. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) was introduced as an improved method of photochemotherapy compared with PUVA. ECP selectively affects autoreactive as well as malignant T lymphocytes and implies repeated ex vivo UV-A irradiation of chemically photosensitized leukocytes, followed by reinfusion. The treatment efficacy depends essentially on sufficient plasma levels of 8-MOP. In cases of considerable gastrointestinal malabsorption, however, therapeutic levels of 8-MOP are rarely achieved when the drug is administered orally. Objective In a case of severe cGvHD, ECP was used because of disease progression, despite massive conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Patient and method After bone marrow transplantation a 13-year-old girl developed acute GvHD, which turned later to severe cGvHD with massive involvement of the skin, oral mucosa, liver and gastrointestinal tract. The treatment with prednisolone, cyclosporin A (CsA), azathioprine and thalidomide was without success. When the patient was 15 we started ECP with individually adapted modifications. Especially because of severe gastrointestinal malabsorption, a liquid preparation of 8-MOP was administered directly into the leukocyte (buffy coat) fraction, received by leukapheresis. Results After 15 treatment cycles within 12 months immunosuppressive drags were omitted because of noticeable improvement in cutaneous changes, liver function parameters and general condition (Karnofsky score 85–90% compared with 30–40% at the beginning). Conclusion It seems to us that this modification of ECP is a very effective and safe treatment modality for cGvHD without any side effects.
MethylCRF, an algorithm for estimating absolute methylation levels at single CpG resolution from methylation enrichment and restriction enzyme sequencing methods

We introduce MethylCRF, a novel Conditional Random Fields-based algorithm to integrate methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP-seq) and methylationsensitive restriction enzyme (MRE-seq) sequencing data to predict DNA methylation levels at single CpG resolution. MethylCRF was benchmarked for accuracy against Infinium arrays, RRBS, whole-genome shotgun-bisulfite (WGBS) sequencing and locus specific-bisufite sequencing on the same DNA. MethylCRF transformation of MeDIP/MRE was equivalent to a biological replicate of WGBS in quantification, coverage and resolution, providing a lower cost and widely accessible strategy to create full methylomes.
Global Climate Forcing by Criteria Air Pollutants

Ambient air pollution has significant impacts on global climate change in complex ways, involving both warming and cooling, and causes an estimated one million deaths every year. Modeling studies and observations from a suite of platforms, including those that are space based, have revealed that air pollution is a widespread global phenomenon. The net effect of air pollution is a global cooling that is masking 50% of the committed greenhouse gas (GHG) warming from the Industrial Revolution. Aggressive air pollution abatement and climate stabilization strategies that reduce cooling pollutants may lead to a short-term warming surge that is unsafe for ecosystems and the human population, imposing complex trade-offs in policy making. Conversely, selective reduction of warming air pollutants to mitigate near-term climate change may offer opportunities for synergistic policy development. Reducing and preventing the accumulation of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is the only sustainable way to...
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ORIUS INSIDIOSUS (HEMIPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE), MEASURED BY FIELD, GREENHOUSE AND PETRI DISH BIOASSAYS

Orius insidiosus (Say) is an important predator of several economic pests in cotton. Laboratory-reared males, females and third instar nymphs were exposed to residues of nine insecticides applied to cotton plants in the field, in potted plants in the greenhouse and glass Petri dishes in the laboratory. Insects were exposed for 24-hours and then removed to determine mortality. Insecticides tested were spinosad, indoxacarb, imidacloprid, tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, fipronil and λ-cyhalothrin. Differences were observed in mortality as measured by different methods. Spinosad, imidacloprid and indoxacarb induced significantly higher mortality with treated Petri dishes than on treated cotton plants in the field or greenhouse. No differences in mortality were observed between methods with fipronil or λ-cyhalothrin, and in only one instance with abamectin. Spinosad was not toxic in the field or greenhouse bioassays, but was highly toxic in the Petri dish bioassay. Imidacloprid was moderately toxic in the field and greenhouse, but was highly toxic in the Petri dish bioassay. Indoxacarb had variable toxicity, with low to moderate toxicity in the field and greenhouse, and high toxicity in the Petri dish bioassay. It is apparent that multiple testing methods should be used in evaluating the effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods.
Sampling Formulas for Groups of Operators in Banach Spaces

We extend some results about sampling of entire functions of exponential type to Banach spaces. By using the generator D of a one-parameter group etD of isometries of a Banach space E we introduce Bernstein sub-spaces Bσ(D), σ > 0, of vectors f in E for which trajectories etD f are abstract-valued functions of exponential type which are bounded on the real line. This property allows to reduce sampling problems for etD f with f ∊ Bσ(D) to known sampling results for regular functions of exponential type σ.
Lack of specificity of trans,trans-muconic acid as a benzene biomarker after ingestion of sorbic acid-preserved foods.

The benzene metabolite, trans,trans -muconic acid (MA), has been shown to be a sensitive and specific biomarker for ambient benzene exposure levels as low as ∼0.5 ppm. However, at lower exposure levels, the use of MA as a benzene biomarker is complicated by the fact that it is also a metabolite of the food preservative, sorbic acid. To better assess the extent of this interference, MA was measured in sequential spot urine samples over a 2-day study period from eight volunteers (four adults and two parent-children pairs) who consumed two sorbic acid-preserved foods. Large increases in MA concentration were seen after ingestion of both foods. Individual peaks ranged as high as 1673.7 ng/ml (705.3 ng/mg creatinine) in adults and 1752.1 ng/mg creatinine (1221.3 ng/ml) in children. Ratios of peak to baseline values varied from 2.5 to 60. The average peak in the seven subjects who showed an increase in MA after ingestion of the first sorbic acid-containing food was 531.1 ng/ml (693.2 ng/mg creatinine). The average in the seven participants who ingested the second food was 1102.1 ng/ml (795.3 ng/mg creatinine). Twenty-four-hour personal air benzene levels were all low (≤5.6 ppb). Substantial variation in MA results were seen in some males related to creatinine adjustment. These data indicate that sorbic acid-preserved foods have the potential to cause substantial interference with MA as a biomarker for both occupational and environmental benzene exposure in populations, such as in the United States, where consumption of preserved foods is common. Development of methods to minimize and/or assess sorbic acid interference will improve MA specificity in such populations.
Robust Multi-Network Clustering via Joint Cross-Domain Cluster Alignment

Network clustering is an important problem thathas recently drawn a lot of attentions. Most existing workfocuses on clustering nodes within a single network. In manyapplications, however, there exist multiple related networks, inwhich each network may be constructed from a different domainand instances in one domain may be related to instances in otherdomains. In this paper, we propose a robust algorithm, MCA, formulti-network clustering that takes into account cross-domain relationshipsbetween instances. MCA has several advantages overthe existing single network clustering methods. First, it is ableto detect associations between clusters from different domains, which, however, is not addressed by any existing methods. Second, it achieves more consistent clustering results on multiple networksby leveraging the duality between clustering individual networksand inferring cross-network cluster alignment. Finally, it providesa multi-network clustering solution that is more robust to noiseand errors. We perform extensive experiments on a variety ofreal and synthetic networks to demonstrate the effectiveness andefficiency of MCA.
Donut time: the use of humor across the police work environment

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine ritualistic humor or joking that exists in a small, rural police department in Western New York. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through participatory observations and interviews during the summer of 2014. Both authors worked in tandem to capitalize on individual expertise to maximize data collection and analyses. Findings – Results suggest that humor is leveraged by officers to socialize, cope and demarcate authority. Depending on the circumstance, humor can be orchestrated or spontaneous, given the intentions of the officer. Originality/value – Humor is an important lens through which to view police behavior. The current research underscores the importance of levity as a gauge of organizational and individual health.
Different weightings of input components to hippocampal CA1 place cells in young and aged rats

Hippocampal place cells vary both their firing rate and also the timing of their action potentials relative to the theta rhythm as an animal moves through space, suggesting that these neurons utilize both these features to encode spatial information. Place cells within the CA1 subfield receive synaptic input from CA3 (via the Schaffer collateral pathway) and also EC3 (layer 3 of entorhinal cortex via the perforant pathway). These pathways are thought to carry different modalities of information, for example auto-associative memories from CA3 and more sensory-driven information from entorhinal cortex. We seek to understand how both modalities of information are represented in the spiking outputs of CA1 place cells. One model of CA1 phase precession [1] has proposed that these two input components drive CA1 spiking over spatially-offset but overlapping ranges of positions, and also over different ranges of theta phases. Because CA3 and EC3 inputs drive spiking at different theta phases in this model, changes in relative input strengths can be quantified by examining spike theta-phase distributions. For example, when one input component dominates CA1 spiking, the result is a unimodal theta-phase distribution, but if both input components drive CA1 spiking, their different theta-phase ranges produce a more bimodal theta-phase distribution. In this study, we examine the spike patterns of CA1 place cells recorded from young and aged rats. Aged rat brains show a decreased number of functional synapses from CA3 to CA1 pyramidal cells compared to brains from younger rats (for review, see [2,3]). This suggests that theta-phase distributions of CA1 place-cell spiking will change with aging. We find that place cells from aged rats are more strongly theta-modulated, suggesting that CA3 input plays an important role in either driving or facilitating a second spiking component of CA1 activity.
3D Printing of Novel Gradient Osteochondral Scaffolds to Bridge the Gap Between Cartilage and Bone

Osteochondral tissue has a graded structure spanning from the subchondral bone region beneath the joint surface to the hyaline cartilage region at the joint surface. Biological, physiological, and mechanical properties over the regions cross-section vary greatly; this provides a significant challenge for tissue-engineered structures addressing osteochondral defects. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of scaffold pore structure on mechanical, biological, and physiological properties of 3D printed tissue engineered osteochondral scaffolds. Our results indicate that gradient pore structures improve both mechanical properties and cell performance when compared to homogeneously distributed pores and non-porous structures. This study also indicates that including nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) into the hydrogel scaffold further improves cellular performance compared to both porous scaffolds without nHA and nonporous scaffolds.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Weather and Tourism: Thermal Comfort and Zoological Park Visitor Attendance

Funding provided in part by NSF Project #0947982. Publication of this article was funded in part by the George Mason University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund.
Refrigeration System Modeling for the NASA Icing Research Tunnel

The refrigeration system for the Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) at NASA Glenn Research Center is essential for maintaining test conditions simulating natural aircraft in-flight icing. The refrigeration system must remove enough energy from the air to produce temperatures as low as -30 F with test section airspeeds as high as 395 mph. The original cooler for the IRT, constructed in 1942, was replaced in 2000 with a heat exchanger with a different configuration and using a more environmentally safe refrigerant. However, after the cooler replacement, the refrigeration system has not been able to achieve certain desired test operating conditions. Separate analysis of several system components has not identified a clear cause of the reduced cooling system performance, and hence, the system interaction of all or a few components is suspected of causing the reduced performance. To identify which components and interactions are causing the reduced cooler performance, models of the Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) at NASA Glenn Research Center and its refrigeration system were developed and integrated for a steady-state system simulation. The models were based on performance studies previously performed on the individual IRT facilities. The system simulator was calibrated against benchmark measurements of the wind tunnel minimum operating temperature performance. The future uses of the refrigeration system simulator are to (1) identify operating procedures to achieve operating conditions not currently obtainable with current procedures and (2) identify the best procedures to quickly change IRT operating conditions.
Entrainment of circadian phase in developing gray short-tailed opossums: mother vs. environment.

In a marsupial species, the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the site of a circadian clock, are formed postnatally and begin oscillating as a cir...
Decision for Surgery

Based on the clinical impression and the current knowledge of the clinical variables most likely to differentiate between medical and surgical cases, three decision trees are provided as a guide to making the management decision in horse with abdominal pain.
Pitch Characteristics Before Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Pitchers Compared With Age-Matched Controls

Background:Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is commonly performed in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers, but little is known about the preoperative pitch type and velocity characte...
Drawing Contours on Clay Models – A Hands-on Introduction to Topographic Maps

(2000). Drawing Contours on Clay Models – A Hands-on Introduction to Topographic Maps. Journal of Geoscience Education: Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 596-596.
Global Positioning System information retrieval methodology

Ever since the beginning of time, man has searched for better navigational aids. The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) represents the culmination of years of research and development. The system utilizes state of the art satellite communication enabling all weather worldwide navigation never before possible. The system provides position accuracies within 9 meters; velocity information within 0.1 m/sec; time data within 100 nanoseconds. With GPS still in the infancy stages, the potential applications remain limitless. Many James Bond type scenarios become very realistic -a display in every car showing exactly where the car is and an electronic map showing possible courses. The application of GPS is limited only by one's own imagination. This thesis explores the three GPS areas: 1) system concept; 2) signal structure; and 3) Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques. The GPS information presented allows the reader to become familiar with the NAVSTAR system concept and the application of a DSP technique in a GPS receiver design. By capitalizing on the rapid electronics
The Effects of Black Objects and Carbon Dioxide on Horse and Deer Fly (Dipetra: Tabanidae) Trap Success in Brazos County, Texas

This study analyzed the effectiveness of traps for horse and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Brazos County, Texas, U.S.A., using black objects and carbon dioxide (CO2). Tabanid flies vector several important livestock diseases and can be pests to humans. Heliothis cone traps were modified and placed at four approximate locations on one site, the Riley Estate in Brazos County, Texas. Four different trap styles were randomly tested at the locations on eight days between 24 March and 14 April 2015. Seventeen individual tabanids representing two species, Chrysops callidus Osten Sacken and Tabanus lineola F., were collected and the former species was the most abundant. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) calculation revealed that the combined black object and CO2 trap had a positive trend for being the most effective style for capturing tabanid flies out of those tested. Trap location was determined to be insignificant compared to the number of tabanid flies captured. While more data is required to determine if the difference between the trap styles is significant, the traps have the potential to be used to collect behavioral data, measure biodiversity and relative abundance of tabanid flies, as well as control their populations in areas where they cause irritation and spread disease.
Real-Fictional Entanglements: Using Science Fiction and Design Fiction to Interrogate Sensing Technologies

We present a set of design fiction proposals related to sensing and tracking technologies, inspired by the 2013 science fiction novel The Circle. By creating design proposals that explore connections between the novel's imagined world and our present and future realities, we show that we are able to explore, expand, and articulate a range of social, technical, and legal configurations of the future. This paper contributes a set of design fiction proposals and a case study of a design project that uses design fiction inspired by a science fiction text to engage issues of privacy and surveillance. The paper also provides a new approach to creating design fiction, by using science fiction texts as a starting point.
An epitranscriptomic vulnerability in myeloid malignancies.

A recent study finds that the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifier METTL3 regulates proliferation and differentiation in myeloid cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Genetic variants in microRNA genes and targets associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in the African-American population

The purpose of this study is to identify microRNA (miRNA) related polymorphism, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in mature miRNA-encoding sequences or in miRNA-target sites, and their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in African-American population. To achieve our objective, we examined 1900 African-Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study using SNVs identified from whole-genome sequencing data. A total of 971 SNVs found in 726 different mature miRNA-encoding sequences and 16,057 SNVs found in the three prime untranslated region (3'UTR) of 3647 protein-coding genes were identified and interrogated their associations with 17 CVD risk factors. Using single-variant-based approach, we found 5 SNVs in miRNA-encoding sequences to be associated with serum Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or triglycerides, and 2 SNVs in miRNA-target sites to be associated with Lp(a) and HDL, all with false discovery rates of 5%. Using a gene-based approach, we identified 3 pairs of associations between gene NSD1 and platelet count, gene HSPA4L and cardiac troponin T, and gene AHSA2 and magnesium. We successfully validated the association between a variant specific to African-American population, NR_039880.1:n.18A>C, in mature hsa-miR-4727-5p encoding sequence and serum HDL level in an independent sample of 2135 African-Americans. Our study provided candidate miRNAs and their targets for further investigation of their potential contribution to ethnic disparities in CVD risk factors.
Coalitional Play Fighting and the Evolution of Coalitional Intergroup Aggression

Dyadic play fighting occurs in many species, but only humans are known to engage in coalitional play fighting. Dyadic play fighting is hypothesized to build motor skills involved in actual dyadic fighting; thus, coalitional play fighting may build skills involved in actual coalitional fighting, operationalized as forager lethal raiding. If human psychology includes a motivational component that encourages engagement in this type of play, evidence of this play in forager societies is necessary to determine that it is not an artifact of agricultural or industrial conditions. We examine whether coalitional play fighting appears in the hunter-gatherer record and includes motor skills used in lethal raiding. Using the ethnographic record, we generated a list of motor patterns regularly used in forager warfare. Then, using Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas, we identified 100 culture clusters containing forager societies and searched the ethnographic records of these societies for descriptions of coalitional play fighting, operationalized as contact games played in teams. Resulting games were coded for the presence of eight motor patterns regularly used in forager lethal raiding. Although play does not tend to be systematically documented in the hunter-gatherer literature, sufficiently detailed descriptions of coalitional play were found for 46 of the 100 culture clusters: all 46 exhibited coalitional play using at least one of the predicted motor patterns; 39 exhibited coalitional play using four or more of the eight predicted motor patterns. These results provide evidence that coalitional play fighting (a) occurs across a diverse range of hunter-gatherer cultures and habitats, (b) regularly recruits motor patterns used in lethal raiding, and (c) is not an artifact of agricultural or industrial life. This is a first step in a new line of research on whether human male psychology includes motivations to engage in play that develops the deployment of coordinated coalitional action involving key motor patterns used in lethal raiding.
The Constitutive ENOX1 (CNOX)

ENOX1 (CNOX) proteins are constitutive hormone-responsive and growth-related ENOX proteins of the cell surface that catalyze both hydroquinone and NAD(P)H oxidation as well as protein disulfide-thiol interchange and exhibit both prion-like and time-keeping (clock) properties. The two enzymatic activities they catalyze alternate to generate a regular period of 24 min in length. Human ENOX1 located on chromosome 13 (13q14.11) yielded a sequence of 1,929 bp and an open reading frame encoding 643 amino acids when cloned. Among the functional motifs contained within human ENOX1 were adenine nucleotide- and copper-binding motifs along with essential cysteines. The drug-binding EEMTE motif of ENOX2 is absent. Two moles of copper, necessary for activity, were bound per mole of protein. ENOX2-inhibiting drugs, such as capsaicin, were without effect on ENOX1 activity. Addition of melatonin phases the 24-min period. Purified preparations of ENOX1 protein when concentrated irreversibly form insoluble aggregates resembling amyloid and devoid of enzymatic activity as is characteristic of NOX proteins in general.
Construction of Human T-Cell Hybrids with Helper Function

Human T-cell hybrids with helper activity were obtained after fusion of phytohemagglutinin-activated normal human T cells with a 6-thioguanine-resistant, aminopterin-sensitive human T-cell line. This mutant line, designated CEM-T15, was derived from the human T-cell line CEM after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. The polyethylene glycol induced fusion and the selection in hypoxanthine-aminopeterin-thymidine medium were performed by modification of standard somatic cell hybridization techniques. After fusion, the strategy for selecting hybrids consisted in screening growing cultures for the presence of cells expressing the OKT3 cell surface differentiation antigen. OKT3 was chosen because it is present in 85–95% of normal human T cells but absent from CEM-T15 cells. Thus, OKT3+ cells growing 5–7 weeks after fusion most likely represented hybrids between normal T cells (OKT3+) and continuously growing CEM-T15 cells (OKT3−). Several of the hybrids were tested for their capacity to promote pokeweed mitogen-induced antibody production by B cells. These experiments demonstrated that many of the hybrids had helper activity. Periodical testing of these uncloned hybrids for helper activity revealed functional instability, with most of the hybrids losing helper activity after 20 weeks of continuous culture. However, early and repeated cloning of the same hybrids resulted in a series of hybrid clones with helper activity still present more than 8 months after fusion. In more recent fusions, we have demonstrated that human helper hybrids producing helper factor(s) can also be obtained. These and similar hybrids with different functions will be of considerable importance in further studies of the immunobiology of human T lymphocytes
Nonlinear Modeling and Control of Combustion Dynamics

Active control technology has been used in the context of continuous combustion processes for the past twenty years. Over this time, active control has shown to be successful in reducing unsteady pressure oscillations in a variety of combustion systems ranging from benchtop combustors to large-scale industrial rigs with an energy release of 260 MW. In recent years, it has been shown that it is possible to develop control strategies based on dynamic models that are derived using a combination of physically based principles and input-output measurement data. The models developed include both linear models that capture thermoacoustic instabilities and nonlinear models that characterize stable limit cycles. The approaches for deriving model-based controllers include optimization, adaptation, time-delays, and neural networks. These strategies have been used to modulate fuel-flow and air-flow rates entering the combustion process in a number of practical combustors and shown to result in an order of magnitude improvement in performance. In this article, highlights of the area of active combustion control with particular emphasis on models and model-based control strategies are presented. Both linear and nonlinear models that are reported in the literature are discussed. Linear, time-delay, adaptive, and neural control methods that have been developed thus far are presented. The accruing results and experimental verification in laboratory-scale and large-scale combustors are discussed.