cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calculation of tube degradation induced by dryout instability in sodium-heated steam generators

Abstract Analytical methods are adapted and presented for the calculation of thermal fluctuations and thermal stresses experienced by a tube wall in the region of departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) in a sodium-heated steam generator. Calculated results are presented using parameter ranges and geometry adopted from the Atomics International reference design for the steam generators of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant. The physical phenomenon was modeled by subjecting the tube wall and the oxide scale layer on the water side of the tube (treated as either a powdery substance or a dense protective film) to periodic water heat transfer coefficient fluctuations simulating the effect of DNB in that area of the tube. The stresses obtained were employed in estimating (where possible) the most detrimental contribution to the life expectancy of the steam generator tube based on fatigue of the tube wall and repeated exfoliation of the oxide layers.
Insulin During Infancy Attenuates Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Adult Male Rats

Abstract To examine whether insulin during infancy affects later glucose regulation, 60 rat pups of both sexes were injected daily on postnatal Days 9–20 with either insulin (2 or 8 U/kg), 2-deoxy- D -glucose (2DG; 200 or 400 mg/kg), or saline. Two hours postinjection on Day 15, pups given insulin were hypoglycemic and pups given 2DG were hyperglycemic; both groups were normoglycemic at 6 h. The two insulin doses produced similar long-term effects, as did the 2DG doses, so doses were combined to make single insulin and 2DG groups. On Day 44, baseline plasma glucose for rats given insulin or 2DG during infancy was below saline control levels (111.3, 114.5, and 120.7 mg/dL, respectively, p p
An analytical and experimental study of the flow of sheet metal between circular drawbeads

This paper describes an analytical model for determining the pulling and shear forces and bending moment required to form sheet metal subject to plane strain along its width. The model is based on simplifying assumptions widely accepted in the analysis of wide thin sheet : planes remain plane and normal to the mid-surface, and plane stress state across the thickness. During deformation, any bending, unbending and reverse bending of the strip is analyzed and the constitutive law for this cyclic process is discussed. The model consists of an iterative procedure which is ended when the equation of equilibrium and all boundary conditions are satisfied. The output of the model gives the geometry of the deformed shape, the forces and moments applied along the strip, the displacement field, thickness variations, and stress and strain history fields. The model can be applied to an arbitrary die geometry, and it is used here to analyze the specific case of sheet flow through a drawbead gap consisting of circular drawbeads. The calculated resultant forces, the theoretical surface strains and thickness reductions agree reasonably well with the experimental results.
Are proteins made from a limited parts list

Understanding the process of protein folding has been recognized as an important challenge for >70 years. It is, quintessentially, a thermodynamic problem and, arguably, thermodynamics is our most powerful discipline for understanding biological systems. Yet, despite all this, we still lack predictive understanding of protein folding. Is something missing from this picture?
The Probability of Defibrillation Success and the Incidence of Postshock Arrhythmia as a Function of Shock Strength

The effects of high voltage defibrillation shocks given to six swine were studied to determine if there is a limit to the advantage gained from increasing the shock strength. An endocardial electrode was placed in the right ventricle, and a 114-cm2 cutaneous patch was placed on the left lateral thorax. Monophasic (10 msec) and single capacitor biphasic (5/5 msec) shocks with leading edge voltages of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 990 volts (approximately 2.3-59 J) were tested. For monophasic shocks, the probability of successful defibrillation ranged from 0% at 200 V to 90% at 990 V. The incidence of postshock arrhythmia increased from 0% for successful shocks at 600 V to 67% for successful shocks at 990 V. For biphasic shocks, the probability of success peaked at 97% for the 600-, 800-, and 990-V shocks. The incidence of postshock arrhythmia increased from 8% at 400 V to 55% at 990 V. Although more postshock arrhythmias occurred at lower strengths for biphasic than for monophasic shocks, an efficacy criterion, quantifying the probability of defibrillation success and the probability that a postshock arrhythmia will not occur, was always higher for biphasic shocks. The probability of success never reached 100% for either waveform while the incidence of postshock arrhythmia increased as the shock strength increased. In conclusion, for the catheter-patch electrode configuration, increasing the shock strength does not always improve the probability of success and may increase the incidence of postshock arrhythmia.
Colchicine-Induced Modulation of Collagenase in Human Skin Fibroblast Cultures. II. A Probe for Defective Regulation in Epidermolysis Bullosa

The addition of colchicine to cultures of normal human skin fibroblasts produces a significant stimulation of collagenase. Because this finding implies a role for the microtubule system in the regulation of normal collagenase synthesis, we have used colchicine as a probe for aberrations in this enzyme in epidermolysis bullosa. In fibroblast cultures from the dominant simplex, dominant dystrophic, and recessive letalis forms of epidermolysis bullosa, 10(-6) M colchicine produced approximately a 2-fold increase in collagenase in the culture medium, a finding shown by biosynthetic studies to be attributable to enhanced synthesis of enzyme protein. In the case of typical recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a disease characterized by excessive collagenase synthesis, the fibroblasts could also be stimulated to produce additional collagenase, despite having elevated baseline synthetic rates. In contrast, fibroblasts isolated from one recessive epidermolysis bullosa patient were resistant to the stimulatory effects of colchicine in concentrations up to 5 x 10(-6) M. In the absence of colchicine, collagenase synthesis in this patient's cells (termed REBc-) was 3-4 times that of normal controls, suggesting that the as yet undefined cellular function that is abrogated (or stimulated) by colchicine in normal cells may have been genetically impaired in these REBc- cells. Despite the resistance to colchicine, as manifested by the failure to stimulate collagenase, gross parameters of microtubular function, such as cell replication, were intact. Phenotypically, this patient had a form of epidermolysis bullosa intermediate between typical recessive dystrophic and recessive letalis forms of the disease. Although an experimentally induced blister was located in the lamina lucida, hypoplastic anchoring fibrils were also observed. These findings, in addition to the marked increase in collagenase synthesis, suggest the possibility that this patient may represent a compound heterozygote of two forms of epidermolysis bullosa and that colchicine may be useful in defining other such patients.
Case study: a supplier’s journey to achieving quality certification

This paper explains the course that ABC Automotive, Inc. executed in order to receive certification for QS 9000. It includes an explanation of why the company chose to implement QS 9000 and what effect the decision has had on the workforce. Obstacles to implementation and methods used to overcome them are also identified. Finally, the report describes the benefits the company has achieved and plans to reap on account of certification.
Stress Stimulates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Meiotic Resumption in Mouse Oocytes

This study examined the effects of three different cellular stresses on oocyte maturation in meiotically arrested mouse oocytes. Cumulus-cell enclosed oocytes (CEO) or denuded oocytes (DO) from immature, eCG-primed mice were cultured for 17-18 h in dbcAMP-containing medium plus increasing concentrations of the metabolic poison, sodium arsenite, or the free radical-generating agent, menadione. Alternatively, oocytes were exposed to osmotic stress by pulsing with sorbitol and returned to control inhibitory conditions for the duration of culture. Arsenite and menadione each dose-dependently induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) in both DO and CEO. DO, but not CEO, pulsed for 60 min with 500 mM sorbitol were stimulated to resume maturation. The lack of effect in CEO suggests that the cumulus cells may be playing a protective role in osmotic stress-induced GVB. The AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKA; formerly known as AMPK) inhibitors, compound C and araA, completely blocked the meiosis-stimulating effects of all the tested stresses. Western blots showed that acetyl-CoA carboxylase, an important substrate of PRKA, was phosphorylated before GVB, supporting a role for PRKA in stress-induced maturation. Together, these data show that a variety of stresses stimulate GVB in meiotically arrested mouse oocytes in vitro and suggest that this effect is mediated through activation of PRKA.
Tonsillectomy under local anesthesia: A safe and effective alternative

Tonsillectomy using local anesthesia (local tonsillectomy) is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia in the healthy cooperative teenage or adult patient. This retrospective analysis involved 64 local tonsillectomies performed over the past 7 years in a minor operating room using only local anesthesia with intravenous sedation. Operations were performed by residents in training as well as by experienced head and neck surgeons. Blood loss, morbidity, complications, and patient satisfaction were reviewed and compared with tonsillectomies done under general anesthesia. The average blood loss was 42 mL in the local tonsillectomy group with no cases of postoperative hemorrhage, compared with 198 mL in the general anesthesia group with two cases of postoperative hemorrhage. There was one major complication related to postoperative antibiotic use in the local anesthesia group, and follow-up interviews revealed that patients were satisfied with the procedure and would recommend and choose local anesthesia again. We conclude that local tonsillectomies have high patient acceptance and are associated with minimal morbidity and complications. Furthermore, they are cost-effective.
Unified associative information storage and retrieval

We present a novel system for performing information management in a unified manner. Users currently must manage large amounts of data which may be fragmented across file formats and applications. Our system, called Iolite, attempts to consolidate this information by automatically discovering associations within the data. Iolite uses these associations to provide a unified interface to navigate and operate on this information space.
Molecular characterization of the hemin uptake locus (hmu) from Yersinia pestis and analysis of hmu mutants for hemin and hemoprotein utilization.

Sequence analysis of the hemin uptake locus (hmu) ofYersinia pestis revealed five genes, hmuRSTUV, required for use of hemin and hemoproteins as iron sources. The translated gene products have homologies with proteins of the hemin transport genes of several gram-negative bacteria. Promoters were identified upstream of hmuP′R (p1) and upstream ofhmuS (p2); p1, which contains a Fur box, is regulated by iron and Fur, while p2 exhibits weak, but constitutive, activity. HmuR, which has homology with TonB-dependent outer membrane (OM) receptors, is localized to the OM of Y. pestis and is required for utilizing hemin and all hemoproteins under iron-depleted conditions. The proposed ABC transporter, HmuTUV, is necessary for use of hemin, hemin-albumin, and myoglobin, but not hemoglobin, hemoglobin-haptoglobin, or heme-hemopexin, as iron sources. In the absence of HmuTUV, HmuS, a cytoplasmic protein, is involved in use of hemoglobin and heme-hemopexin. In mice, the 50% lethal doses ofY. pestis ΔhmuP′RSTUV mutants injected subcutaneously or retro-orbitally did not differ from that of the Hmu+ parent strain. Thus, the hmu system is not essential for infection in mice via these routes. Growth studies showed that a ΔhmuP′RSTUV mutant could grow in iron-depleted medium containing high concentrations of hemoglobin, suggesting that an Hmu-independent, lower-affinity hemoglobin uptake system may exist.
IMPLEMENTING SPEECH RECOGNITION IN VIRTUAL REALITY

Virtual Reality (VR) is becoming an important tool in the engineering product development process. The virtual environment provides the user with the ability to interact with three-dimensional digital representations of products using natural head and hand motions. While interacting with digital objects in VR seems natural, the use of traditional twodimensional menu systems does not always provide a convenient interface to controlling task specifications in the three-dimensional space. New human-computer-interfaces are needed for this emerging VR design tool. This paper will present the details of implementing a speaker-independent, command and control, speech recognition menuing system for a virtual reality application. The menuing system will be described as it is incorporated into a virtual environment for the design of spatial mechanisms. Design and technical issues involved in the interface creation process are discussed and the resulting interaction system is described.
Inflammatory marker profiles in an avian experimental model of aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is a common infection in avian species, but can be a challenge to diagnose. Infl ammatory markers have been successfully used in mammals for diagnostic and monitoring purposes of various diseases. The aim of this study was to identify infl ammatory markers that could aid in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in an avian species. Fiveweek-old Japanese quail were infected experimentally with Aspergillus fumigatus , and infl ammatory markers were measured in plasma. In addition, lung tissues were cultured to quantify the fungal burden. Infected quail had higher plasma levels of ceruloplasmin, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), iron, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and lower levels of haptoglobin, compared with uninfected controls. There were positive linear relationships between A. fumigatus colony-forming units cultured from the lungs of infected quail, and levels of ceruloplasmin, UIBC, and TIBC. Quail that died prior to the end of the experiment (day 10 post-infection) had higher ceruloplasmin, UIBC, and TIBC, and lower haptoglobin levels than infected quail that survived. The infl ammatory marker profi le in quail infected with aspergillosis in this study differs from that seen in mammals, and from the pattern of infl ammatory markers seen in birds with bacterial infections. Infl ammatory markers could prove useful for diagnosing aspergillosis in birds, and for monitoring disease progression in infected avian species.
The Politics of Catholic Parochial Schools: An Historical and Comparative Analysis

T HE DEFEAT OF RECENT attempts to secure legislation providing Federal aid to public education has raised once again the question of the role of private religious schools (primarily Catholic parochial schools) in the American educational system. The issue has emerged with especial sharpness because Catholic opposition to legislation which did not, at the same time, provide loans or grants to parochial schools played a substantial role in the defeat of the Kennedy administration's recommendations. And it seems quite unlikely, other things remaining equal, that any legislation providing for substantial Federal aid to public education will be enacted unless the issue is resolved.1 But the problems involved can not be discussed intelligently, nor the right questions asked, unless these are placed in a proper context, for the problems have both a comparative and an historical dimension.
Furrow Irrigation Water-Quality Effects on Soil Loss and Infiltration

Irrigation-induced erosion is a serious problem in the western USA where irrigation water quality can vary seasonally and geographically. We hypothesized that source-water electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR = Na/[(Ca + Mg)/2]° 5, where concentrations are in millimoles of charge per liter) affect infiltration and sediment losses from irrigated furrows, and warrant specific consideration in irrigation-induced erosion models. On a fallow Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid), tail-water sediment loss was measured from trafficked and nontrafficked furrows irrigated with waters of differing quality. Treatments were the four combinations of low or high EC (0.6 and 2 dS m ') and low or high SAR (0.7 and 12 [mmol, L l]"). Slope is 1%. Twelve irrigations were monitored. Each furrow received two irrigations. Main effects for water quality, traffic, and first vs. second irrigations were significant for total soil loss, mean sediment concentration, total outflow, net infiltration, and advance time. Average tail-water soil losses were 2.5 Mg ha - ' from low EC/low SAR furrows, 4.5 Mg ha-' from low EC/ high SAR furrows, 3.0 Mg ha' from high EC/high SAR furrows; and 1.8 Mg ha-' from high EC/low SAR furrows. Elevating water EC decreased sediment concentration from 6.2 to 4.6 g L -', but increasing SAR increased sediment concentration from 6.2 to 8.7 g L-'. Net infiltration decreased 14% in high SAR compared with low SAR treatments. Soil loss increased 68% for second irrigations, and net infiltration fell 23% in trafficked furrows, but water-quality effects were the same. Water quality significantly influenced infiltration and erosion processes in irrigated furrows on Portneuf soils.
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE EXPRESSION IN NTERA 2 HUMAN NEURONAL CELLS : A MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) is expressed in the central nervous system in multiple molecular forms that may subserve multiple functions and may be selectively lost in neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. AChE expression has been studied in primary cultures of developing vertebrate nervous system, but investigation has been limited by the lack of a suitable human CNS surrogate cell model system for in vitro studies and the inability of primary brain cultures to provide large numbers of pure neurons. To develop an in vitro model for studies of neuronal AChE expression and function, we utilized a neuronally committed human teratocarcinoma cell line, NTera 2, that can be induced to differentiate to a post-mitotic CNS neuronal phenotype. We found that NTera 2 cells express multiple molecular forms of AChE that are similar to CNS-derived AChE isoforms in velocity sedimentation profile, anion exchange elution profile, and sensitivity to inhibitors. At least two forms of ACNE are expressed (G1 and G4), similar to human and rodent brain, and induction of NTera 2 cell differentiation results in an increased G4/G1 ratio, which is characteristic of mature neurons. As in primary CNS neurons, AChE is present in NTera 2 cells in both the cytosolic fraction and in the outer membrane, and is also released in a soluble form. These observations indicate that NTera 2 cells provide a useful human model system for studies of expression of cell-associated and soluble cell-free AChE in developing and mature human neurons and for elucidating the potential role(s) of acetylcholinesterase metabolism in both normal development and neurodegenerative disease states. ©1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
First direct landscape‐scale measurement of tropical rain forest Leaf Area Index, a key driver of global primary productivity

Leaf Area Index (leaf area per unit ground area, LAI) is a key driver of forest productivity but has never previously been measured directly at the landscape scale in tropical rain forest (TRF). We used a modular tower and stratified random sampling to harvest all foliage from forest floor to canopy top in 55 vertical transects (4.6 m 2 ) across 500 ha of old growth in Costa Rica. Landscape LAI was 6.00 ± 0.32 SEM. Trees, palms and lianas accounted for 89% of the total, and trees and lianas were 95% of the upper canopy. All vertical transects were organized into quantitatively defined strata, partially resolving the long-standing controversy over canopy stratification in TRF. Total LAI was strongly correlated with forest height up to 21 m, while the number of canopy strata increased with forest height across the full height range. These data are a benchmark for understanding the structure and functional composition of TRF canopies at landscape scales, and also provide insights for improving ecosystem models and remote sensing validation.
A Formal Representation of Software-Hardware System Design

The design of hardware-software systems is a complex and difficult task exacerbated by the very different tools used by designers in each field. Even in small projects, tracking the impact, motivation and context of individual design decisions between designers and over time quickly becomes intractable. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we present a general, low-level model of the system design process. We formally define the concept of a design decision, and provide a hierarchical representation of both the design space and the context in which decisions are made. This model can serve as a foundation for software-hardware system design tools which will help designers cooperate more efficiently and effectively. We provide a high-level example of the use of such a system in a design problem provided through collaboration with NASA.
Characterization of the Bacterial Community of the Chemically Defended Hawaiian Sacoglossan Elysia rufescens

Sacoglossans are characterized by the ability to sequester functional chloroplasts from their algal diet through a process called kleptoplasty, enabling them to photosynthesize. The bacterial diversity associated with sacoglossans is not well understood. In this study, we coupled traditional cultivation-based methods with 454 pyrosequencing to examine the bacterial communities of the chemically defended Hawaiian sacoglossan Elysia rufescens and its secreted mucus. E. rufescens contains a defense molecule, kahalalide F, that is possibly of bacterial origin and is of interest because of its antifungal and anticancer properties. Our results showed that there is a diverse bacterial assemblage associated with E. rufescens and its mucus, with secreted mucus harboring higher bacterial richness than entire-E. rufescens samples. The most-abundant bacterial groups affiliated with E. rufescens and its mucus are Mycoplasma spp. and Vibrio spp., respectively. Our analyses revealed that the Vibrio spp. that were highly represented in the cultivable assemblage were also abundant in the culture-independent community. Epifluorescence microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) were utilized to detect the chemical defense molecule kahalalide F on a longitudinal section of the sacoglossan.
Childhood exposure to fine particulate matter and black carbon and the development of new wheeze between ages 5 and 7 in an urban prospective cohort.

Background While exposures to urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and soot-black carbon (soot-BC) have been associated with asthma exacerbations, there is limited evidence on whether these pollutants are associated with the new development of asthma or allergy among young inner city children. We hypothesized that childhood exposure to PM2.5 and the soot-BC component would be associated with the report of new wheeze and development of seroatopy in an inner city birth cohort.
Fortifiers for epoxy-amine systems

The use of a range of additives is described which can increase the strength and modulus of cured epoxy-amine systems by up to 70 per cent. These additives, called ‘Epoxy Fortifiers’, are liquids or low melting point solids which are incorporated into the resincuring agent mixture, prior to curing, at loadings of 10–40 parts per hundred of resin.
Best practices for deploying a CMDB in large-scale environments

We describe best practices for deploying a Configuration Management Database (CMDB) that we have developed during several recent client engagements. Given the complexity and novelty of CMDB solutions that deal with discovering, storing and tracking actual Configuration Items (CIs), many enterprises rely on service delivery organizations - such as IBM Global Technology Services - to perform the configuration and roll-out of the system into production. This can be either done on the customer premises (within the scope of a so-called project-based service engagement), or by subscribing to a managed service, and thus leveraging the IT service management environment that the service provider has already set up.
Highs and Lows in the Peripheral Vasculature

In recent years, we have come a long way from categorizing all ankle-brachial indices (ABIs) above 0.90 as normal. Both borderline low and high ABIs present significant risk ([1][1]). In this issue of the Journal , Arain et al. ([2][2]) at the Mayo Clinic document the risk of a high ABI with the
Surgical Options for Chronic Visceral Abdominal Pain

The identification of chronic abdominal conditions amendable to effective surgical therapies is critical to achieve maximal benefit to the small number of patients with chronic abdominal pain. A comprehensive differential diagnosis must be entertained to diagnosis these surgical problems. Common conditions to be considered and evaluation strategy are discussed in this chapter. Some of these conditions may be obscure, such as minimal change in chronic pancreatitis where the morphological findings are slight or nonexistent. Physiologic function testing and visceral pain assessments are often complementary to morphologic evaluations. An understanding of visceral innervation of abdominal viscera is clinically valuable in patient assessment.
On some mathematical aspects of the Heisenberg relation

The Heisenberg commutation relation, QP−PQ = iħI, is the most fundamental relation of quantum mechanics. Heisenberg’s encoding of the ad-hoc quantum rules in this simple relation embodies the characteristic indeterminacy and uncertainty of quantum theory. Representations of the Heisenberg relation in various mathematical structures are discussed. In particular, after a discussion of unbounded operators affiliated with finite von Neumann algebras, especially, factors of Type II1, we answer the question of whether or not the Heisenberg relation can be realized with unbounded self-adjoint operators in the algebra of operators affiliated with a factor of type II1.
Abstract 468: The Dopamine D1-like Receptors Negatively Regulate the Expression and Function of the a1A Adrenergic Receptor

The homeostatic control of blood pressure hinges upon the delicate balance between pro-hypertensinogenic (e.g., sympathetic nervous system) and anti-hypertensinogenic systems (e.g., dopamine system). The D 1 -like dopamine receptors (D 1 R and D 5 R) and the α 1A adrenergic receptor (ARα 1A ) are endogenously expressed in the renal proximal tubules and engender opposing effects on sodium transport, i.e., natriuresis (D 1 R and D 5 R) or anti-natriuresis (ARα 1A ). We tested the hypothesis that the D 1 R and D 5 R interact with and regulate the ARα 1A in human renal proximal tubule cells (hRPTCs) and in mice. We found that the D 1 R and D 5 R colocalized with the ARα 1A in hRPTCs and in proximal tubules in human kidney sections. Both receptors immunoprecipitated, pulled-down, and co-fractionated with ARα 1A in lipid rafts. Short-term co-treatment with fenoldopam (1 μM, 15 min) reversed the ARα 1 agonist phenylephrine (10 μM, 15 min)-induced Na + ,K + -ATPase (NKA) translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in hRPTCs (plasma membrane NKA: vehicle=100±5% vs. fenoldopam=65±3% vs. phenylephrine=177±5% vs. co-treatment=115±7%; P 1 R (70.0±5.9%, P 5 R (50.1±10.7%, P 1 -like receptor desensitization, but increased ARα 1A abundance (142.6±4.3%, P 1A (48 hr) increased the expression of D 1 R and D 5 R. To determine the extent of regulation of each D 1 -like receptor on ARα 1A , we used the subclass-selective ARα 1 agonist phenylephrine (5 μg/kg body weight, i.p.) and the receptor-specific ARα 1A agonist A610603 (25 ng/kg body weight, i.p.) to inhibit Na + excretion in three mouse strains. Phenylephrine treatment resulted in 59.6%, 84.2%, 99.3%, and 99.5% reduction from basal level of 24-hr Na + excretion_while A61603 treatment resulted in 42.4%, 67.1%, 99.9%, and 100% reduction_in wild-type controls, D 1 R -/- , and D 5 R -/- knockout mice, and D 1 R/D 5 R -/- double knockout mice, respectively, suggesting a stronger regulatory effect of D 5 R on ARα 1A . Elucidating the intricacies of the interaction among these receptors is crucial for a better understanding of the crosstalk between anti- and pro-hypertensive systems.
Inside the practicum in professional psychology: A survey of practicum site coordinators

In recent years, practicum training has become increasingly salient in professional psychology. External practica in particular play a large role in the early, formative experiences of students in training as professional psychologists. The results of this survey of coordinators of external practicu
Investigation of reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion in a two-stroke engine

In this study, a two-stroke outboard engine was modified to accommodate two direct fuel injectors for reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion in one cylinder, while the production direct-injection spark ignition combustion system was maintained in the other cylinder. This setup enabled direct comparisons of the performances at equivalent operating conditions. The engine’s octane requirement for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion was studied with primary reference fuels for ranges of engine speed, load, and delivery ratio. The resulting primary reference fuel requirement was used to determine the baseline ratio of low-reactivity fuel to high-reactivity fuel. Experiments using gasoline and diesel fuel were unsuccessful as they resulted in unstable combustion and rapid accumulation of particulate matter in the emissions-sampling equipment. Reactivity-controlled compression ignition experiments with gasoline and n-heptane (higher volatility) proved to be successful. The low-react...
Early-Onset vs. Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Differences (P05.046)

Objective: There are few direct comparisons between early-onset Alzheimer9s disease (EAD) and late-onset Alzheimer9s disease (LAD) patients. This study aims to compare patients with EAD vs. LAD on neuropsychological and neuroimaging measures and identify distinguishing features between the two. Background EAD, with an onset before age 65, has been overshadowed by the more common LAD. Yet, the literature suggest that there are clinical differences between these two forms of the disease. Patients with EAD patients may have more focal neurocognitive deficits and a more aggressive and symmetrical progression than patients with LAD. Design/Methods: Participants included 21 EAD and 24 LAD patients who met criteria for clinically probable AD and had comparable levels of disease progression and severity. The patients underwent neurological examinations, neuropsychological testing, and resting state FDG-PET of the brain. Demographic neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and functional variables were compared using Chi Square analyses, independent samples t-tests, and ANCOVA. FDG-PET data was compared using voxel-based analysis with statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Results: There were significant neuropsychological differences between the two groups: the EAD patients were more impaired in response-inhibition and auditory working memory (measures of executive functions), whereas the LAD patients were more impaired on confrontation naming. Caregivers reported greater prevalence of irritability and anxiety in EAD vs. LAD, and EAD patients needed more assistance with initiating grooming, meal preparation, writing, and dressing tasks compared to LAD patients. On SPM PET analyses, the EAD group had greater focal hypometabolism in both frontal and parietal regions compared to LAD. Conclusions: This study shows clear differences between EAD and LAD. Patients with EAD have more focal and frontal dysfunction when compared to LAD patients, and this is reflected in executive function disturbances. Although these findings are partially at variance with prior research, they confirm the presence of clinical differences between these two forms of AD. Supported by: Merit Review, Veterans Affairs. Disclosure: Dr. Kaiser has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Melrose has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jimenez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Monserratt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sultzer has received personal compensation for activities with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Forest Laboratories, Inc., Pfizer Inc, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., and AstraZeneca. Dr. Sultzer has received research support from Pfizer Inc, and Forest Laboratories. Dr. Mendez has nothing to disclose.
Epitope Mapping by Mass Spectrometry

Publisher Summary Antigenic determinants, or epitopes, are the specific chemical structures within an antigen molecule that are recognized by either B-cell or T-cell antibodies. Peptide scans and phage displays can be used to determine linear epitopes but are less applicable to conformational epitopes or epitopes containing posttranslational modifications. Limited proteolysis involves the comparison of proteolytic products from the antigen with those arising from the antigen–antibody complex. Check that the primary antibody has been crosslinked to the secondary antibody by MALDI/MS using a 1-μ1 aliquot. Ions attributable to the antibody should be of low abundance. To prepare 1 μg/μl Glu-C stock solution, dissolve 50 μg Glu-C in 50 μl deionized water. To make 50 ml stock buffer solution, dissolve 98.8 mg ammonium bicarbonate in 45 ml deionized water and adjust pH to 7.8 with NaOH. Add sufficient deionized water to yield 50 ml final volume. Remove the enzyme solution and wash the beads three times with 0.4 ml PBS, pH 7.2. Add sufficient buffer solution to keep the beads moist.
Khayyam: Progress and prospects of coupling a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) to a Cassegrain telescope for optical interferometry

In the temporal study of faint, extended sources at high resolving power, Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) can offer significant advantages about conventional dispersive grating spectrometers. We describe here a four-year continuous progress in Mt. Hamilton, Lick Observatory, toward development of a prototype reflective Spacial Heterodyne Spectrometer, Khayyam, instrument-telescope configuration to combine all of the capabilities necessary to obtain high resolving power visible band spectra of diffuse targets from small aperture on-axis telescopes where significant observing time can be obtained. We will discuss the design considerations going into this new system, installation, testing of the interferometer-telescope combination, the technical challenges and procedures moving forward.
Heat Treatments To Enhance the Safety of Mung Bean Seeds

Salmonella enterica serovars and Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been associated with contaminated seed sprout outbreaks. The majority of these outbreaks have been traced to sprout seeds contaminated with low levels of pathogens. E. coli O157:H7 strains can grow an average of 2.3 log CFU/g over 2 days during seed germination, and Salmonella can achieve an average growth of 3.7 log CFU/g. Therefore, it is important to find an effective method to reduce possible pathogenic bacterial populations on the seeds prior to sprouting. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of various dry heat treatments on reducing E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella populations on mung beans intended for sprout production and to determine the effect of these treatments on seed germination. Mung beans were inoculated with five-strain cocktails of E. coli O157:H7 and of Salmonella serovars harboring the green fluorescent protein gene and then air dried overnight. Heat treatments were performed by incubating the seeds at 55 degrees C for various periods of time. Heat-treated seeds were then assessed for the efficacy of the heat treatment and the effects of heat treatment on germination rates. After inoculation and drying, 6 log CFU/g E. coli O157:H7 and 4 log CFU/g Salmonella were detected on the seeds. Following heat treatment, pathogenic bacterial populations on the seeds were below detectable levels (<1 log CFU/g), but the germination rate of the seed was not affected. Thus, the risk of contamination and the presence of pathogens in the finished sprouts were greatly reduced via the seed heat treatment process.
A High-Content Larval Zebrafish Brain Imaging Method for Small Molecule Drug Discovery

Drug discovery in whole-organisms such as zebrafish is a promising approach for identifying biologically-relevant lead compounds. However, high content imaging of zebrafish at cellular resolution is challenging due to the difficulty in orienting larvae en masse such that the cell type of interest is in clear view. We report the development of the multi-pose imaging method, which uses 96-well round bottom plates combined with a standard liquid handler to repose the larvae within each well multiple times, such that an image in a specific orientation can be acquired. We have validated this method in a chemo-genetic zebrafish model of dopaminergic neuron degeneration. For this purpose, we have developed an analysis pipeline that identifies the larval brain in each image and then quantifies neuronal health in CellProfiler. Our method achieves a SSMD* score of 6.96 (robust Z’-factor of 0.56) and is suitable for screening libraries up to 105 compounds in size.
The Quiet Man: From Story to Film

‘The Quiet Man: From Story to Film’ traces the evolution of the Maurice Walsh short story to the John Ford film. It focuses on the theme of exile and return that the film explores and the short story does not. It offers a new way of seeing the film based on Ford’s insightful critique of Irish and Irish-American sensibilities.
Hospitalization costs and clinical outcomes in CABG patients treated with intensive insulin therapy

Abstract Background The financial impact of intensive (blood glucose [BG] 100–140 mg/dl [5.5–7.8 mM] vs. conservative (141–180 mg/dl (7.9–10.0 mM) glucose control in the ICU in patients, with and without diabetes, undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is not known. Methods This post-hoc cost analysis determined differences in hospitalization costs, resource utilization and perioperative complications in 288 CABG patients with diabetes (n = 143) and without diabetes (n = 145), randomized to intensive (n = 143) and conservative (n = 145) glucose control. Results Intensive glucose control resulted in lower BG (131.4 ± 14 mg/dl-(7.2 ± 0.8 mM) vs. 151.6 ± 17 mg/dl (8.4 ± 0.8 mM, p Conclusion Intensive glycemic control [BG 100–140 mg/dl (5.5–7.8 mM)] in patients undergoing CABG resulted in significant reductions in hospitalization costs and resource utilization compared to patients treated with conservative [BG 141–180 mg/dl (7.9–10.0 mM)] glucose control.
Badger Robotic Mining Team

This is a paper on the Badger Robotic Mining Team, their organization and the year of work that the students put into their robot and the organization. This paper will cover the background of the project, its importance and how the team spent the year working on their robot in terms of their mechanical side of the project as well as the controls side.
Enabling Reconstruction of Attacks on Users via Efficient Browsing Snapshots

Presented on January 27, 2017 at 12:00 p.m. in the Engineered Biosystems Building, room 1005.
Consumer Bankruptcy Fraud and the Reliance on Advice of Counsel Argument

Despite considerable litigation on the subject, there is little agreement as to whether courts must accept a "reliance argument" in bankruptcy fraud cases. This Article seeks to clarify the existing law and recommend changes to the governing statutes. The first three Parts of the Article serve a descriptive function. Part I provides an overview of consumer bankruptcy fraud and describes how debtors perpetrate fraud and how attorneys may be assisting them. It also explains how the Bankruptcy Code and the Federal Criminal Code currently seek to deter fraud and to punish debtors who commit it.
Endangered Terrestrial Invertebrates

Terrestrial invertebrates constitute the majority of life on Earth. Taxonomic impediment affects our ability to identify invertebrates, and their polymorphism compounds the problem. The principal threats to their survival are habitat loss and fragmentation; isolated habitats are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impact; climate change has synergistic effect with the habitat fragmentation. Invasive species have caused declines of invertebrates, especially in insular habitats.
Tracking and controlling soft surface contamination in health care settings.

Background Study objectives were to track the transfer of microbes on soft surfaces in health care environments and determine the efficiency of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)–registered soft surface sanitizer in the health care environment. Methods Soft surfaces at 3 health care facilities were sampled for heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria, Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus pyogenes , and Escherichia coli followed by a tracer study with a virus surrogate seeded onto volunteer hands and commonly touched surfaces. The occurrence of microbial contaminants was determined along with microbial reductions using the soft surface sanitizer. Soft surfaces were swabbed pre- and postintervention. Results Tracer viruses spread to 20%-64% and 13%-41% of surfaces in long-term health care facilities and physicians' offices, respectively. Only 1 pathogen, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , was recovered. The waiting room chairs had the highest concentration of HPC bacteria before disinfection (145.4 ± 443.3 colony forming units [cfu]/cm 2 ), and the privacy curtains had the lowest (39.5 ± 84.2 cfu/cm 2 ). Reductions of up to 98.5% were achieved with the sanitizer in health care settings and up to 99.99% under controlled laboratory conditions. Conclusions Soft surfaces are involved in the spread of microbes throughout health care facilities. Routine application of an EPA-registered sanitizer for soft surfaces can help to reduce the microbial load and minimize exposure risks.
Experimental Functional Analysis

Experimental functional analysis, as it relates to the assessment of severe behavior disorders, refers to behavioral assessment procedures that involve manipulation of variables hypothesized to maintain problematic behavior (e.g., Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994). For example, the assessment could involve intentionally providing attention as a consequence to problematic behavior in one test condition to test whether such attention increases (i.e., reinforces) the problem behavior. By testing for sensitivity to attention (and other consequences) as reinforcement, an experimental functional analysis has utility distinct from other forms of behavioral assessment insofar as the variables hypothesized to maintain behavior are directly manipulated rather than inferred.
Clutter Identification Based on Kernel Density Estimation and Sparse Recovery

A cognitive radar framework is being developed to dynamically detect changes in the clutter characteristics, and to adapt to these changes by identifying the new clutter distribution. In our previous work, we have presented a sparse-recovery based clutter identification technique. In this technique, each column of the dictionary represents a specific distribution. More specifically, calibration radar clutter data corresponding to a specific distribution is transformed into a distribution through kernel density estimation. When the new batch of radar data arrives, the new data is transformed to a distribution through the same kernel density estimation method and its distribution characteristics is identified through sparse-recovery. In this paper, we extend our previous work to consider different kernels and kernel parameters for sparse-recovery-based clutter identification and the numerical results are presented as well. The impact of different kernels and kernel parameters are analyzed by comparing the identification accuracy of each scenario.
The “anti-hipster” feminism of Asian auntie cooking web series

Over the past few years, the media-verse, especially YouTube, has given rise to independently produced cooking web series featuring older Asian American women, or “Asian aunties,” who share Asian f...
Household Production and Racial Intermarriage

One aspect of marital matching is whether individuals marry within their own race/ethnicity (homogamy) or intermarry. This chapter examines black/white intermarriage in light of a model based on an analysis of markets for Work-In-Household (WiHo) presented in Chaps. 2 and 3. Evidence of discrimination against blacks in such marriage markets is uncovered from an empirical analysis of American data for the years 2003-2009. It is found that white women married to black men devote 0.4 fewer hours per day to chores than their counterparts in all-white marriages, which is comparable to the effect of a child on their hours of chores. Furthermore, white men work less at housework when in couple with black women than when in all-white couples. These findings are consistent with markets for WiHo establishing lower prices of WiHo supplied by blacks than by whites. Conversely, blacks appear to do more chores if they are in couple with whites than when in all-black couples. Results are mostly for weekdays, not weekends, which is to be expected if underlying these results are differences in the price of Work-In-Household and on weekends home production is less likely to be considered as a chore. That our results are stronger for married than unmarried couples indicates that exchanges of WiHo for money are more likely to occur among married couples. Racial intermarriage differentials in hours of household work seem to be more prevalent among the U.S.-born than the foreign-born, possibly indicating less marriage market discrimination against foreign-born blacks.
Accuracy of Predicting Bladder Stones Based on Catheter Encrustation in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

Background: Bladder calculi are the second most common urological complication in those with spinal cord injury (SCI). Detection and removal of bladder stones are important to prevent possible comp...
Government and business in Thailand

Institutions linking state and society affect both political and economic processes. Particularly critical are those institutions tying business and government. The effectivess of these institutions helps to determine the relative success national economies achieve in exploiting the challenges posed by the international economy. The particular form of the institutions is a critical factor influencing the development of a country’s political system. This article addresses in general terms the differences between business-government ties in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand) and Northeast Asia (South Korea, Taiwan) as well as the differences among the former group. The article then offers a more detailed analysis of the patterns of cooperation and conflict between business and government in Tailand.