cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of a difficult airway with direct ventilation through nasal airway without facemask.

Mask ventilation is a key component of airway management for oral surgeons and anesthesia care providers. Clinicians often encounter a difficult airway in which adequate mask ventilation may be difficult or impossible. Difficult mask ventilation has been described as the inability for an experienced anesthesiologist to provide adequate face mask ventilation because of one or more of the following problems: inadequate mask seal, excessive gas leak, or excessive resistance to the ingress or egress of gas. 1 Although the exact pathogenesis of the difficult airway is not clearly defined, the presence of upper airway obstruction has been demonstrated to be the key contributor. Risk factors for difficult mask ventilation and upper airway obstruction correlate well and include increased age, obesity, and history of snoring or sleep apnea. 2,3 Relaxation of the upper airway musculature during sleep or anesthesia also contributes to upper airway obstruction and difficult mask ventilation. 1,3,4 The loss of upper airway muscle tone combined with the gravitational pull on the tongue and soft palate have been shown to result in airway collapse. 3-6 It is therefore logical to assume that creation of a patent upper airway would improve mask ventilation. This principle has been demonstrated in a recent study comparing oro-nasal mask ventilation and nasal mask ventilation, 7 as well as in this report. Report of a Case
Effect of Sex, Feathering, Rate of Growth and Acetates on the Chick’s Need for Glycine

Abstract NON-DIETARY factors that have been reported or suggested as influencing the glycine requirement of the growing chick are: rate of feathering by Hegsted et al. (1941), the low level of chick muscle creatine and age of chick by Fisher et al. (1955) and sex of chick by Douglas et al. (1958). In addition, Almquist and Mecchi (1940) reported a growth response when their casein-brewers yeast-fish meal diet was supplemented with either sodium acetate, ammonium acetate or glycine. In view of the above reports and the findings of Waterhouse and Scott (1961a, b) that both male and female chicks fed a casein diet require a high level of glycine for optimum growth, the following experiments were designed to determine whether some of the factors that have been reported as exerting an influence on the chick’s need for glycine could be substantiated. EXPERIMENTAL Newly hatched chicks from the mating of New Hampshire …
DEVELOPMENT OF A FORCE FIELD FOR ARTEMISININ AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF THE DISSOLUTION OF ARTEMISININ IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS

Artemisinin is widely employed to treat malaria. A variety of experiments have been done to research the dissolution property of artemisinin in different solvents. To have an in-depth understanding of the property, it is essential to explore the dissolution property from molecular level with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, which needs a satisfactory force field of artemisinin. Therefore in the research a quantum chemistry based force field was developed. The quantum chemical calculation at different levels was done and Hartree–Fock (HF) level calculation gives satisfactory results. The charge distribution was then determined successfully. The van der Waals (VDW) parameters of the C unit with sp3-C were tuned according to the difference between the dissolution enthalpy of artemisinin in ethanol and ethyl acetate. With the developed force field, MD method was employed to successfully simulate the dissolution property of artemisinin in different solvents. The simulation results show that artemisinin molecules tends to aggregate in water, while in the aqueous solution of ethanol, the same number of artemisinin molecules tends to disperse. Furthermore, simulation results show that 8 M ethyl acetate aqueous solution has better dissolution ability than 8 M ethanol aqueous. The simulation gave agreements with the experimental results.
Collectivism, Forgiveness, and Social Harmony

Existing models of forgiveness and the strategies to promote forgiveness that draw from them are predominantly individualistic. As the United States becomes more diverse and counseling psychology becomes a more global field, counseling psychologists are increasingly likely to encounter clients who have a collectivistic worldview. The authors propose a theoretical model that clarifies the relationship between collectivism and forgiveness. The importance of maintaining social harmony in collectivistic cultures is central to this relationship. The model has two propositions. First, collectivistic for- giveness occurs within the broad context of social harmony, reconciliation, and relational repair. Second, collectivistic forgiveness is understood as pri- marily a decision to forgive but is motivated largely to promote and maintain group harmony rather than inner peace (as is more often the case in individ- ualistically motivated forgiveness). Finally, the authors suggest a research agenda to study collectivi...
Genus-Specific Substitution Rate Variability Among Picornaviruses

Picornaviruses have some of the highest nucleotide substitution rates among viruses, but there have been no comparisons of evolutionary rates within this broad family. We combined our own Bayesian coalescent analyses of VP1 regions from four picornaviruses with 22 published VP1 rates to produce the first within-family meta-analysis of viral evolutionary rates. Similarly, we compared our rate estimates for the RNA polymerase 3D(pol) gene from five viruses to four published 3D(pol) rates. Both a structural and a nonstructural gene show that enteroviruses are evolving, on average, a half order of magnitude faster than members of other genera within the Picornaviridae family.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production by an Aluminum(III) Complex: Ligand‐Based Proton and Electron Transfer

Environmentally sustainable hydrogen-evolving electrocatalysts are key in a renewable fuel economy, and ligand-based proton and electron transfer could circumvent the need for precious metal ions in electrocatalytic H2 production. Herein, we show that electrocatalytic generation of H2 by a redox-active ligand complex of Al(3+) occurs at -1.16 V vs. SCE (500 mV overpotential).
Terrorism, Politics and Law: The Achille Lauro Affair

The International Community and Terrorism The Exemplary Value of the Achille Lauro Incident Facts and Issues The International Agreement to Give the Hijackers a Safe Conduct The Attitude of the American Government The Attitude of the Italian Government The Italian Judges Verdict The Lessons of the Achille Lauro Affair. Appendix: Documentary Sources.
The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM): Psychometric Review and Further Validity Testing

This article examines the psychometric strengths and limitations of a widely used measure of ethnic identity development: the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). A review of 12 studies incor...
Ascenso y hegemonía: pensando a las potencias emergentes desde América del Sur 1 Rise and hegemony: some observations on emerging powers from a South American perspective

Spanish Abstract: El presente trabajo se enmarca en el actual debate sobre potencias emergentes intentando un aporte desde una perspectiva latinoamericana. Para ello trabajara algunas disyuntivas teoricas que se han tornado dificiles de resolver para el mainstream racionalista de la disciplina, desarrollando un modelo de cambio complementario del programa realista actual. Argumentaremos que este marco presenta algunas ventajas para el estudio de diversas cuestiones relativas a las relaciones de poder en America del Sur, destacando en particular dos preguntas: ?que caracteristicas de la politica exterior del Brasil han logrado constituirlo en una potencia emergente? ?Y por que los paises de la region no han desarrollado una politica exterior acorde al desafio que significa el ascenso de su principal contraparte regional? English Abstract: This article is framed within the current debate on emerging powers from a Latin American perspective. It tries to solve some of the theoretical problems of the mainstream rationalist approach in IR theory, proposing a model of change rooted in the current realist program. This framework is applied to the study of power politics in South America with the goal of answering two major questions: why has Brazilian foreign policy been so successful in positioning this country as an emerging power? And why have not any country in the region reacted accordingly to the challenge posed by its mayor regional counterpart rise?
Overlay Design Process

Bonded concrete overlays have been used for nearly 100 year to extend the life of pavements, concrete slabs, bridge decks or other structural slabs. First, this chapter describes material selection, for slabs on grade and pavements; joints; and construction procedures including steel placement, environmental effects, and curing. Secondly, the bonded concrete overlay (BCO) process is described: the steps required in project selection; design of the BCO; construction, and quality assurance with flow charts included to provide a graphical overview.
Responsibility for Life: Bioethics in Theological Perspective

The present endeavor to give some account of certain issues and dilemmas of bioethics in theological perspective finds this perspective given in Christian faith, thought, and experience. In this context, the perspective is a single vision which illuminates and informs four inter-related claims. The claims are: (1) that providence, eschatology, and destiny are singularly significant perspectives upon bioethics; (2) that when these perspectives are brought to bear upon critical issues and dilemmas of bioethics, the central ethical foci are freedom, responsibility, and justice; (3) that when these ethical foci are understood and practiced in the context of providence, eschatology, and destiny, they are the criteria for taking responsibility for life; (4) and that when bioethical research, discovery, and practice are pursued with careful attention to the context and criteria thus identified, certain particularly awesome and disquieting ethical perplexities surrounding bioethical endeavor — e.g., the questions of limits, alternatives, possibilities, and uncertainties — receive a liberating light upon the responsible direction to take.
MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Cancer Risk and Response

ED02-02 Purpose/Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States with ~160,000 deaths and ~170,000 newly diagnosed cases each year. Screening strategies geared to catch lung cancer at the earliest and most treatable stages have been limited, due to the difficulty in identifying patients at highest risk for developing lung cancer. While 90% of patients that develop lung cancer have a history of smoking, only 10% of smokers ever develop lung cancer. The miRNA, let-7, is at low levels in human lung cancer and low levels predict for a poor prognosis. Our focus is to understand the role of let-7 and other microRNAs in cancer initiation and response to standard cytotoxic therapies. Experimental Procedures: We have evaluated microRNA binding sites in genes known to be important in cancer. We have also evaluated the role of microRNAs in the response to cytotoxic therapy. Results: We have found a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) in a let-7 binding site of an important oncogene in 20% of patients with lung cancer. We found that this SNP is found in younger patients with a positive family history and less of a smoking history, and in patients who are significantly more likely to have had or live to develop another smoking induced cancer. We hypothesize that this SNP is an inherited, genetic predisposition to smoking induced cancers, such as lung cancer, and could define a group of people who are at very high risk of developing lung cancer or other smoking related cancers. We have also found that the let-7 family-of-miRNAs was over-represented in a class of miRNAs that are down-regulated post-irradiation by miRNA microarray in lung cancer cell lines. We were able to show that let-7 family manipulation significantly impacts the radiation response in vitro in mammalian cells as well as in vivo in a C. elegans model of cell death called Radelegans. Specifically, let-7 loss leads to radioresistance and its overexpression leads to radiosensitivity. We have shown in Radelegans and in mammalian cells that these effects are partly regulated by let-7 targets including the RAS oncogene as well as other DNA damage response pathway genes. We hypothesize that low let-7 levels, as seen in lung cancer, result in tumor radioresistance in vivo.
Journal Editorial Policies Regarding Statistical Significance Tests: Heat Is to Fire as p Is to Importance

The present paper responds to defenses of statistical significance testing offered by Levin and Robinson. First, some inaccurate perceptions of contemporary criticisms of statistical tests are noted. Second, areas of disagreement are explored. For example, it is noted that all nine empirical studies of reporting practices since 1994 show that “encouraging” (per the 1994 APA style manual) authors to report effect sizes has not worked; two reasons for this failure are explored. Finally, two important areas of agreement regarding needed improvements in contemporary practices are noted.
Roles of central and peripheral mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors in the mediation of gastric acid secretory effects in the rat.

The opioid receptors involved in the mediation of gastric acid secretory effects were studied in the pylorus-ligated rat. The effects of i.c.v. and i.v. administration of morphine and mu ([D-Ala2, NMePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin and Tyr-Pro-NMePheD-Pro-NH2)-, delta ([D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin)- and kappa-selective [trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-91-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]- benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate (U-50,488H), dynorphin-(1-9), dynorphin-(1-17), nalorphine, alpha-neoendorphin and ethyl-ketocyclazocine) opioid receptor agonists on gastric volume and acid output were examined. Morphine, [D-Ala2, NMePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin and Tyr-Pro-NMePhe-D-Pro-NH2 decreased gastric acid secretion more potently after i.c.v. than after i.v. administration. The inhibitory effect of i.v. administered morphine on gastric acid secretion was not blocked by the quaternary opioid antagonist naltrexone methylbromide when given s.c. However, when naltrexone methylbromide was administered i.c.v., it blocked completely the effects of i.c.v. morphine and partially antagonized the effects of i.v. morphine, indicating a central site of action for morphine. The delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin did not alter gastric acid secretion after i.c.v. or i.v. administration. The kappa-selective opioid agonist U-50,488H produced a dose-dependent increase in gastric acid secretion after i.v. but not i.c.v. administration. The other kappa-selective agonists tested did not produce a significant increase in gastric acid secretion after i.c.v. or i.v. administration. The increase in gastric acid secretion produced by U-40,488H was blocked by pretreatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, the nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine and the M1 selective muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Medical and Surgical Treatment Options for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in the USA with a growing prevalence worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), progressive form of NAFLD, can lead to the development of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the need for liver transplantation. Treatment of NASH may decrease the risk of progressive disease. Treatment for NAFLD should center around weight loss and exercise. Pharmacotherapy with vitamin E and pioglitazone should be considered for those with NASH, especially those with fibrosis. Weight loss surgery is also an effective treatment for NASH in individuals with other indications for surgery. In this review, we will discuss the currently available therapies for NASH including lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical options.
The External Relations of American Multinational Enterprises

Business corporations need to engage in external relations (ER) because society must be continuously convinced to give and maintain its support of this man-made and socially tolerated instrument for organizing economic activity and to stop short of unduly restraining it. Society here refers to the more or less organized and powerful institutions and interest groups that can assist or hamper business in its economic role. Government is usually the most relevant "external" institution but it is more or less influenced by interest groups and by the more amorphous general public. These various collectivities constitute the "nonmarket" and "macro-managerial" environments of business, which are distinct from the relatively free "markets" for the firm's inputs and outputs, and from its internal "micromanagement." Hence, external relations (ER) is that function
A GENERALIZED SELF-TUNING CONTROLLER AND ITS APPLICATION TO FLIGHT ALTITUDE CONTROL

This paper presents a generalized self-tuning controller with on-line choice of weighting terms combined with generalized minimum variance control and pole-placement strategy.This controller adopts least square algorithmto estimate its parameters and it is implemented in indirect scheme.It is also globally convergent.Simulation re-search about the application of the controller to flight altitude control is aIso made.Its results show that the con-troller can adapt changes of the system parameter due to flight condition variation to obtain a satisfactory controlperformance.
Progress in Research of Meteorological Prediction and Remote Sensing Monitoring of Wheat Stripe Rust

The research on meteorological prediction of wheat stripe rust was summarized in two parts,one was based on the microscale meteorological factors and another was based on the macroscale climatic background.Next,the application of high-spectral remote sensing in wheat stripe rust monitoring and the combination of remote sensing and crop model were outlined.In the end,the future application was prospected about the medium and long-term forecasts of wheat stripe rust based on atmospheric circulation and the remote sensing monitoring of wheat stripe rust supported by the Geographical Information System.
Differences in EBA in the first two days of standard anti-tuberculosis treatment in different geographic regions.

In a recent article entitled, “Comparison of time to positive and colony counting in an early bactericidal activity study of anti-tuberculosis treatment” we found a relatively lower early bactericidal activity (EBA) of combination anti-TB treatment with isoniazid (INH), rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide between days 0 and 2 in HIV-uninfected Ugandan adults with newly-diagnosed, initial episodes of smear-positive pulmonary TB.1 The mean EBA 0-2, measured in colony forming units (CFU), from 40 patients receiving directly observed therapy (DOT) was 0.26 ± 0.24 log10 CFU/ml/day. This result was similar to an EBA 0-2 value of 0.28 ± 0.42 log10 CFU/ml/day we calculated using data from an earlier 2003 clinical trial conducted at the same site.2 In comparison, previous studies done mainly in South Africa have demonstrated a higher EBA 0-2 for standard 4-drug therapy of approximately 0.5 log10 CFU/ml/day, while the EBA 0-14 was similar to that found in our study.3,4 The reason for the difference in EBA during the first 2 days of therapy is not clear. Patients in our study received DOT on an inpatient basis with Good Manufacturing Practice grade medications. Medications were administered as loose tablets, and all patients received 300 mg of INH. The mean dose of INH was 5.8 ± 0.8 mg/kg (range 3.7 to 7.9), which should yield maximum EBA 0-2.5 CFU counts were done on 16-hour pooled overnight sputum collections using standardized methods. The mean baseline sputum colony count of 6.57 ± 0.58 log10 CFU/ml was similar to previous EBA studies. Baseline sputum colony count has been associated with EBA 0-2 in previous studies,5,6 and we did find a correlation in this study (rs = 0.34, P = 0.03), however the relatively high mean baseline count in our patients would again predict maximal EBA 0-2. Finally, recent exposure to INH was excluded by urine INH metabolite testing (BBL Taxo INH Test Strips, BD, Sparks, MD, USA) during screening and at the time of enrollment to the ward to begin the study. All Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from the study subjects were susceptible to INH, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide, and sputum collection and processing methods in our study were similar to those used in the earlier studies.
Communities are not all created equal: Strategies to prevent violence affecting youth in the United States

We describe violence in the United States (US) and solutions the Urban Networks to Increase Thriving Youth (UNITY) Initiative has developed, led by Prevention Institute, a US non-governmental organization (NGO) and authors of this article, with initial funding from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Safety distribution across populations is unequal, while public health research has identified aspects of community environments that affect the likelihood of violence, or risk and resilience factors. An overwhelming number of risk factors have accumulated in some US communities, disproportionately impacting young people of color. US policies, systems, and institutions powerfully shape how and where these factors manifest. Violence is preventable, not inevitable. We argue that comprehensive strategies for improving community environments can reduce violence and promote health equity. We present lessons, tools, and frameworks that UNITY cities use to adapt for international application, including multi-sector collaboration, strategies for influencing policy and legislation, and strengthening local violence prevention efforts.
Development of a DC to K-band ultra long on-life RF MEMS switch with integrated driver circuitry

This paper describes the development of a DC (0Hz) to over 26GHz (K-Band), ultra-long on lifetime single pole dual throw (SPDT) micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switch with integrated driver circuitry. This paper reports for the first time a novel active (electrostatic) open design that guarantees a greater than 10 years continuously on lifetime (COL) at 85°C, as well as a minimum actuation lifetime of 1 billion cycles. The switch exhibits 1dB of insertion loss and 23dB of off isolation at 26GHz. The switch solution including the driver is packaged in a small 5mm × 4mm × 0.95mm 24-pin quad flat no leads (QFN) plastic package.
A primitive variable finite–volume method for incompressible viscous magnetohydrodynamic flows

A recently developed numerical method is employed for computing the numerical solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in the presence of a magnetic field. The method is based on the pressure correction approach, but employs a regular grid finite–volume variable arrangement instead of the usual staggered grid arrangement. The pressure equation is derived such that effects which promote the well–known checkerboard instability are not present. A relevant compatibility constraint on pressure is satisfied by Neumann boundary conditions obtained using a vector identity. The transport equations of the magnetic field with solenoidal condition are solved with a similar approach. The unified computational framework is thus developed for the solution of incompressible viscous magnetohydrodynamic flows. Implemented in a second–order–accurate finitevolume code, the algorithm is used to compute the magnetohydrodynamic flow in a pipe. Numerical solution is compared with existing analytical and computational results for various Hartmann numbers.
Evaluating the Performance of Ultrasound Screening for Congenital Heart Disease: A Descriptive Cohort Study

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of abnormal fetal echocardiogram after normal detailed anatomy ultrasound when both are performed by maternal–fetal medicine specialists. Study Design Retrospective review of women who underwent detailed anatomy ultrasound and fetal echocardiography between 16 and 26 weeks' gestation at a single center. Women included had at least one indication for fetal echocardiography as recommended by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and normal cardiac anatomy on initial detailed anatomy ultrasound. Women with previous abnormal ultrasound, extracardiac anomalies, and abnormal or incomplete cardiac anatomy on initial examinations were excluded. The primary outcome was abnormal fetal echocardiogram, defined as a structural cardiac anomaly. Results A total of 1,000 women (1,052 fetuses) were included. The most common indication for echocardiography was family history of congenital heart disease. Five fetuses had an abnormal echocardiogram (0.5%, 95% confidence interval: 0.2–1.1%), only one of which altered care. The other four were suspected ventricular septal defects; of these, three were not seen on postnatal cardiac imaging. Conclusion The rate of abnormal fetal echocardiogram after a normal detailed anatomy ultrasound interpreted by maternal–fetal medicine specialists is low. Fetal echocardiography as a second screening test is of low clinical utility and unlikely to be cost-effective in this setting.
Increasing propensity to pursue operative closure of atrial septal defects following changes in the instructions for use of the Amplatzer Septal Occluder device: An observational study using data from the Pediatric Health Information Systems database.

Background Concern for device erosion following transcatheter treatment of atrial septal defects (TC-ASD) led in 2012 to a United States Food and Drug Administration panel review and changes in the instructions for use of the Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) device. No studies have assessed the effect of these changes on real-world practice. To this end a multicenter observational study was performed to evaluate trends in the treatment of ASD. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed using data from the Pediatric Health Information Systems database of all patients with isolated ASD undergoing either TC-ASD or operative ASD closure (O-ASD) from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2015, hypothesizing that the propensity to pursue O-ASD increased beginning in 2013. Results A total of 6,392 cases from 39 centers underwent ASD closure (82% TC-ASD). Adjusting for patient factors, between 2007 and 2012, the probability of pursuing O-ASD decreased (odds ratio [OR] 0.95 per year, P = .03). This trend reversed beginning in 2013, with the probability of O-ASD increasing annually (OR 1.21, P = .006). There was significant between-hospital variation in the choice between TC-ASD and O-ASD (median OR 2.79, P Conclusions Although TC-ASD remains the predominant method of ASD closure, the propensity to pursue O-ASD has increased significantly following changes in instructions for use for ASO. Further research is necessary to determine what effect this has on outcomes and resource utilization.
Moral injury among Child Protection Professionals: Implications for the ethical treatment and retention of workers

Abstract This study considers any “moral injury” occurring among professionals working within the Child Protection System (CPS). Moral injury refers to the lasting psychological, spiritual and social harm caused by one's own or another's actions in high-stakes situations that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations. We administered a modified version of the Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES) (Nash et al., 2013) to 38 CPS professionals. We then conducted in-depth, semi-structured, audio-recorded individual interviews with them to elaborate their responses to the MIES. Professionals' MIES scores and descriptions of their responses suggest that some professionals do experience moral injury as a result of their CPS involvement. Similar to parents involved with CPS, professionals described harm to themselves occurring through under-resourced systems, problematic professionals, unfair laws and policies, abusive parents, an adversarial system, systemic biases, harm to children by the system and poor-quality services. They also communicated feelings associated with moral injury such as anger and sadness, emotional numbing, and guilt and shame. These feelings have been reported by CPS-involved parents and are described in the existing moral injury literature. Many also described troubling, existential issues including their ability to function in an ethical and moral manner within a system they viewed as deeply flawed, and in an unsupportive working environment steeped in human misery. Nearly a third of all professionals described themselves or colleagues as actively seeking employment elsewhere. We discuss implications for the related issues of the ethical treatment and retention of professionals working within CPS.
Remote and Wireless Long-term Vibration Monitoring of Historic Monuments

Abstract Wireless and remote vibration long-term monitoring offer several advantages, especially to historic masonry monuments. Monetary advantages from reduced site visits and expert intervention as well as efficiency from automated and online data analysis make the system an attractive option for long-term monitoring of changes in vibration characteristics of historical monuments. Monitoring systems that are deployed for the long term using wired and cable powered sensors and computers is also impracticable at sites that also serve as tourist attractions. This paper discusses a proof-of-concepts application of a six-month long deployment of a vibration-monitoring system on a culturally important historic monument Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC. The system is designed to have a negligible aesthetic impact on the monument by using solar energy to power the sensors, radio communication between sensors and data acquisition system, and remote control over internet. The key considerations, detailed deployment experience and lessons learnt are also discussed.
Value of Patient-Directed Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan with a Diagnosis of Migraine

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to determine whether a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in patients with a diagnosis of migraine, who insist on the performance of imaging, is of more benefit in detecting clinically significant unsuspected structural abnormalities than would be expected by chance. Methods This prospective, observational, single-center study was performed from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 and included 100 subjects with a diagnosis of migraine and normal results on neurologic examination. A brain MRI scan was performed on all patients, solely at their request, to detect an unsuspected clinically significant structural lesion. Results Of the 100 patients, 86 were female, and the average age was 31.5 years. Forty-five patients experienced migraine without aura, 41 chronic migraine, and 14 migraine with aura. All of the patients had normal results on neurologic examination. The duration of headaches ranged from 4 months to 40 years. In all, 82 of the MRI scans showed normal results, and 17 revealed clinically insignificant abnormalities. One MRI in a patient with chronic migraine without aura revealed a meningioma that subsequently required surgery and radiation therapy. The 1% prevalence of tumor in this study was then compared with 2 large cohorts of MRI abnormalities in the general asymptomatic population, in which tumor was found in 35 out of 3000. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the prevalence of tumor in the study population with the combined cohorts, and there was no statistical difference between these rates ( P > .99). Conclusions Brain MRI obtained at the specific request of patients with a diagnosis of migraine in the presence of normal neurologic examination results has a yield that is equivalent to that of the general asymptomatic population. Patients do not seem to have more insight than the examining clinician with regard to detecting underlying structural abnormalities, and brain MRI should not performed as part of the routine evaluation of migraine without a clear clinical indication.
Three-dimensional kinematics of shoulder laxity examination and the relationship to clinical interpretation*

AbstractUnderstanding clinical test kinematics improves utility of exam techniques. The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) determine inter-examiner repeatability of translation magnitude f...
Measurement of Human Loads Using Computer Vision

The applications of computer vision techniques in civil engineering are becoming increasingly popular with their promising capabilities such as easy and low-cost deployment, contactless measurement solutions and accurate reconstruction of structural finite element models. This paper aims to explore the possibilities of using several computer vision techniques on the reconstruction of load time histories. The motivation is to find a suitable method that could be applied both in the laboratory environment and in the field for the prediction of excessive loads that are exerted upon assembly type structures and specifically on stadiums. Virtual feature extraction and tracking methods are applied on the video recordings of test subjects while jumping and bobbing on structures instrumented with load cells and accelerometers. The results are compared with the sensor based measurements to assess the accuracy levels and feasibility of the methods.
Neuropathologic Examination in Sudden Unexpected Deaths in Infancy and Childhood: Recommendations for Highest Diagnostic Yield and Cost-Effectiveness in Forensic Settings:

In infants and toddlers (less than four years of age), determination of cause and manner of death often requires a complete autopsy. Few evidence-based guidelines exist regarding optimum nervous system sectioning in this population. Over a six-month interval and using a comprehensive section protocol, we categorized cases having neuropathological findings that were critical (Class A), contributory (Class B), or noncontributory (Class C) to the final cause and manner of death. We further evaluated which sections helped make this determination. Among 53 cases (44 infants, 9 toddlers; 26 girls, 27 boys), Class A neuropathology was noted in nine (16.9%). Seven infants had meningoencephalitis (2/7, 28.6%), craniospinal trauma (3/7, 42.8%), brainstem necrosis suggesting Leigh Disease (1/7, 14.3%), and hydrocephalus in Dandy-Walker malformation (1/7, 14.3%); two toddlers had inflicted craniospinal trauma (2/2, 100%). Class B factors were identified in 11/53 (20.8%), including recent hypoxic-ischemic lesions (2/11, 18.2%), meningitis or dural venous sinus thrombosis in systemic sepsis (2/11, 18.2%), multicystic encephalopathy following peripartum asphyxia (2/11, 18.2%), and microcephaly and delayed myelination (Cri-du-Chat Syndrome) (1/11, 9.09%). Class B also included three toddlers (3/11, 27.2%) with features of hippocampal dysgenesis, two in the setting of febrile seizures. Class C comprised normal brains (3/53, 5.7%), and those with findings of uncertain significance, such as white matter and brainstem gliosis (30/53, 56.6%). The sections most valuable for detection of relevant pathology, and thus recommended for routine sampling, were: 1) bilateral hippocampus; 2) cerebral cortex and leptomeninges; and 3) pons or medulla.
Themes in student attrition.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize similarities and differences in attrition in clinical laboratory science and clinical laboratory technician education programs by identifying general themes, specific academic and nonacademic reasons, and other relevant data. DESIGN: Mailed, written survey. PARTICIPANTS: Program directors of 208 clinical laboratory science and clinical laboratory technician educational programs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Responses to a 36-item forced-choice survey eliciting information about program attrition and the importance of reasons for student attrition. DATA SOURCES: Clinical laboratory science and clinical laboratory technician program directors across the United States. RESULTS: Students were found to withdraw from educational programs for both voluntary and nonvoluntary reasons in approximately equal numbers. Academic underpreparedness was a predominant general theme underlying student attrition in both levels of programs. The importance of certain specific reasons cited for student attrition differed significantly by program level. CONCLUSION: To be effective, it may be necessary to design retention programs that address academic concerns, as well as nonacademic concerns, of students. The level of educational program (clinical laboratory technician or clinical laboratory scientist) should be considered, because reasons for attrition vary in degree of importance. ABBREVIATIONS: CLT = clinical laboratory technician; CLS = clinical laboratory scientist; CAHEA = Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation. INDEX TERMS: Clinical laboratory technician students; clinical laboratory science students; education; attrition; retention.
Interaction of light and gravitropism with nutation of hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

Etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana nutated under conditions of physiological darkness while about ten percent of monitored individuals exhibited regular elliptical nutation, circumnutation. Pre-irradiation with red light prevented occurrence of circumnutation without having an effect on the average rate of the nutational movement. Phototropic response of seedlings to unilateral blue light appeared to be superimposed over nutation. Throughout gravitropism, some seedlings continued to exhibit nutation suggesting that these two processes are independently controlled. Based on these results, we suggest that nutation in Arabidopsis probably is not controlled by the mechanism predicted by the theory of gravitropic overshoots.
Introduction to Wave Scattering by Atoms and Molecules in the Free State

Let us imagine an incident plane wave source of radiation impinging on a fixed array of scattering centers. We graphically represent such a situation by drawing lines of maximum wave amplitude. The incident source originating to the readers left and traveling or propagating toward the readers right will be represented by a series of parallel vertical lines with the inter line spacing corresponding to the wavelength. As the incident wave arrives at a particular scattering center a disturbance or scattering occurs, and the part of the incident wave impinging on the scattering point is re-emitted in the form of an outgoing spherical wave. This outgoing spherical wave is represented by a series of concentric circles again with each circle representing a maxima of the wave amplitude. The inter circle spacings will be constant and will correspond to the wavelength of the diffracted wave. This wavelength of the scattered wave does not have to be the same as that for the incident plane wave. If it is the same the wave diffraction is said to be elastic, that is no energy transfer takes place between the incident wave and the diffraction object. If the diffracted wave length is different the incident wave is said to be scattered inelastically. In Fig. 1 a schematic picture of the situation for elastic scattering is shown.
Simultaneous Event Localization and Recognition in Surveillance Video

The ubiquity of video-based surveillance demands automated approaches to analysis of ever-increasing video footages. Action/Event localization and recognition are two critical capabilities in surveillance video analysis, which have been largely addressed separately in the literature. In this paper, we propose an approach to simultaneously localize and recognize visual events from raw surveillance videos, employing an end-to-end learning strategy. Our approach formulates the task as weakly-supervised sequential semantic segmentation, in which we utilize a specific convolutional RNN to capture not only the appearance and the motion information but also their temporal evolution patterns. We tested our approach on the VIRAT 2.0 dataset. The experimental results, in comparison with relevant existing state-of-the-art, suggest that the proposed approach is promising in delivering a practical solution.
Revision of failed hemiarthroplasty and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background The impending burden of revision shoulder arthroplasty has increased interest in outcomes of revision procedures. Revision of failed anatomic arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has shown promise alongside concerning complication rates. Methods Patients who underwent revision shoulder arthroplasty during a 7-year period at a tertiary care health system were identified. Presurgical and operative data were analyzed for 110 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were contacted at a mean follow-up of 57 ± 26 months (range, 23-113 months) from revision surgery for functional outcomes scores, reoperations, and implant survival. Results Implant survival was 92% at 2 years and 74% at 5 years. Mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation score, and visual analog scale pain scores were 63 ± 24 (range, 5-97), 60 ± 25 (range, 0-100), and 2.9 ± 2.9 (range, 0-10), respectively. Seventy percent of patients were “very satisfied” or “satisfied with their outcome. Complications occurred in 18 patients (20%), and 10 patients (11%) underwent reoperation. Conclusions Modest patient results and satisfaction can be achieved with revision of a failed anatomic arthroplasty to a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. As is typical of revision surgery, complications are common and can compromise results. Further study is needed to identify factors that may contribute to successful outcomes.
Coarse woody habitat and glacial lake fisheries in the Midwestern United States: knowns, unknowns, and an experiment to advance our knowledge

AbstractSass GG, Shaw SL, Rooney TP, Rypel AL, Raabe JK, Smith QC, Hrabik TR, Toshner ST. 2019. Coarse woody habitat and glacial lake fisheries in the Midwestern United States: knowns, unknowns, an...
Not all threats are taken equally: Evidence from proxy fights

Previous research shows that activist threats lead to corporate policy concessions. We find that the threat of proxy fights is responded to differently based on its credibility. Decomposing proxy fight threats, we find that only credible threats are associated with more leveraged, more innovative, and less acquisitive corporate policies. Management, however, does not respond to noncredible threats. Further, for materialized fights, the market reaction at announcement is also conditional on the credibility of the threats. Overall, not all activist threats are responded to equally by management or the market, and only credible threats achieve disciplinary effects and favorable valuation.
Varmole: A biologically drop-connect deep neural network model for prioritizing disease risk variants and genes

Abstract Population studies such as GWAS have identified a variety of genomic variants associated with human diseases. To further understand potential mechanisms of disease variants, recent statistical methods associate functional omic data (e.g., gene expression) with genotype and phenotype and link variants to individual genes. However, how to interpret molecular mechanisms from such associations, especially across omics is still challenging. To address this, we develop an interpretable deep learning method, Varmole to simultaneously reveal genomic functions and mechanisms while predicting phenotype from genotype. In particular, Varmole embeds multi-omic networks into a deep neural network architecture and prioritizes variants, genes and regulatory linkages via drop-connect without needing prior feature selections. Varmole is available as a Python package on GitHub at https://github.com/daifengwanglab/Varmole.
Déjà vu all over again? Recent evidence on early childhood and early grade repetition in developing countries

This article is the fourth in a series arguing that there is serious mismeasurement of enrolment in early childhood development (ECD) and in the early grades of education systems in many countries, especially, and most damagingly, in those making the most progress on access to schooling and in the sustainable development goals. Other reports have used aggregate data reported to UNESCO, and parent and teacher survey data (specifically compared to school records, in one case) to explain the problems. Mismeasurement is leading to incorrect policy conclusions (related to access and persistence) and is generally too optimistic about ECD-related progress in these countries. This article uses a methodology adapted from similar work in Latin America in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and data on enrolment by age and grade from five African education systems that suffer from mismeasurement. The article argues that grade repetition in the early grades and lack of preprimary opportunities are causing the problem of overenrolment. This analytical approach is relatively novel to these environments and shows that rates of repetition are, most likely, about twice that of official reports. The results from this analysis match the results of the other articles in the series. An important implication is that these issues are undermining the completion of primary schooling, due to weak policies resulting in part from mismeasurement.
798-P: New Insights into Diabetes Burnout

Significance: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) frequently report experiencing diabetes burnout, a feeling of exhaustion, and frustration that may lead to ignoring self-care behaviors. Though the construct was identified in the early 1980s as a primary barrier to optimal diabetes care, scientific understanding of the concept is lacking. Prior literature has conflated diabetes burnout with the other psychosocial concepts of diabetes distress and depression. In an attempt to address the gap, our qualitative findings highlighted that diabetes burnout includes: (1) feelings of mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion, (2) detachment from illness identity, support systems, and self-care, and (3) a sense of powerlessness to re-take the ownership of self-care. Aim: To examine the relationship between the three hypothesized dimensions of diabetes burnout and to determine if the data would be able to identify a relationship between diabetes burnout, distress, depression, and short-term outcomes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of 111 adults with T1D who completed an online survey developed by existing valid and reliable measures. Results: All dimensions of diabetes burnout were significantly correlated between .60 and .85 (p Conclusion: A single cross-sectional study is insufficient for any strong claims; however, this study challenges current knowledge on diabetes care by suggesting diabetes burnout as a distinct but interrelated concept with distress or depressions. These findings need to be replicated, ideally with larger and more diverse samples and with longitudinal studies. Disclosure S. Abdoli: None. D.M. Hessler: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. K. Miller-Bains: None. A.C. Vora: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc. B. Smither: None. E.M. Burr: None. H.L. Stuckey: None. Funding Oak Ridge Associated Universities
“The Plurality of Perspectives on Monetary Sanctions”: An Introductory Essay:

The importance of monetary sanctions as a topic of sociological inquiry derives from both their ubiquity in American criminal justice and the socioeconomic realities of many people, especially thos...