cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do terminally ill patients receive adequate pain management

Although improvement in pain management is discernible, clinician awareness of analgesic principles and opioid availability appear to be pitifully inadequate in many territories and countries of the world. To improve this lamentable situation, healthcare professionals must assemble educational and legislative initiatives to afford a reduction in terminal pain as well as an enhanced quality of life for dying patients. Unfortunately, such endeavours are laborious, thankless and often resisted by governmental agencies, but unless these goals are attained, terminally ill patients worldwide will continue to suffer and this will leave an ignoble legacy of which we should not be proud: a failure to provide good palliative care.
Sex Differences in Household Involvement of the Unmarried

It has been posited that sex-role differentiation decreases and unisex patterns emerge in late life. Most research on household activities in old age, however, has studied couples. This study examines sex differences in household activities and sources of help of older, unmarried men and women; the relationship between household involvement and psychological well-being; and personal characteristics associated with household activities. Data were obtained from interviews with 341 men and women. Males and females without spouses managed their household roles somewhat differently both in the tasks they performed and sources from which they accepted help. Relationships between household involvement and well-being were positive for both sexes. But the gender-linked nature of household work persists inro very late life and is not eliminated by the absence of a spouse. Continued sex differentiation in tasks in later life has implications for the provision of formal and informal sources of help for the unmarried ...
GIANT CELL (TEMPORAL) ARTERITIS

Headache is the most frequent symptom for which a patient with giant cell arteritis (GCA) presents to a neurologist. Amaurosis fugax and ischemic optic neuropathy are well recognized complications. Less commonly recognized neurologic complications include transient ischemic attacks, cerebral infarctions, acute confusional states, multi-infarct dementia, ischemic cervical myelopathy, and ischemic mononeuropathies. Because patients with GCA generally respond well to corticosteroid therapy, prompt diagnosis can minimize neurologic damage.
Crystal Structures of the histidine acid phosphatase from Francisella tularensis provide insight into substrate recognition.

Summary Histidine acid phosphatases catalyze the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphomonoesters to water at acidic pH using an active-site histidine. The histidine acid phosphatase from the category A pathogen Francisella tularensis (FtHAP) has been implicated in intramacrophage survival and virulence, motivating interest in understanding the structure and mechanism of this enzyme. Here, we report a structure-based study of ligand recognition by FtHAP. The 1.70-A-resolution structure of FtHAP complexed with the competitive inhibitor l (+)-tartrate was solved using single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. Structures of the ligand-free enzyme and the complex with inorganic phosphate were determined at resolutions of 1.85 and 1.70 A, respectively. The structure of the Asp261Ala mutant enzyme complexed with the substrate 3′-AMP was determined at 1.50 A resolution to gain insight into substrate recognition. FtHAP exhibits a two-domain fold similar to that of human prostatic acid phosphatase, consisting of an α/β core domain and a smaller domain that caps the core domain. The structures show that the core domain supplies the phosphoryl binding site, catalytic histidine (His17), and an aspartic acid residue (Asp261) that protonates the leaving group, while the cap domain contributes residues that enforce substrate preference. FtHAP and human prostatic acid phosphatase differ in the orientation of the crucial first helix of the cap domain, implying differences in the substrate preferences of the two enzymes. 3′-AMP binds in one end of a 15-A-long tunnel, with the adenine clamped between Phe23 and Tyr135, and the ribose 2′-hydroxyl interacting with Gln132. The importance of the clamp is confirmed with site-directed mutagenesis; mutation of Phe23 and Tyr135 individually to Ala increases Km by factors of 7 and 10, respectively. The structural data are consistent with a role for FtHAP in scavenging phosphate from small molecules present in host macrophage cells.
N-CAM, 43K-rapsyn, and S-laminin mRNAs are concentrated at synaptic sites in muscle fibers.

Several components of the postsynaptic apparatus are found highly concentrated at the motor endplate. Studies of the acetylcholine receptor have shown that selective transcription of its genes by synaptic nuclei contributes to its synaptic accumulation. We used the method of in situ hybridization to study the distribution of mRNAs encoding three other proteins localized to the motor endplate. We found preferential synaptic accumulation of mRNAs for a membrane-associated cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and for an acetylcholine receptor-associated cytoskeletal protein (43K-rapsyn). In contrast, RNAs encoding proteins present throughout the muscle were distributed all along the muscle fiber. RNA encoding a protein concentrated in synaptic basal lamina, s-laminin (laminin β2), was intermediate in distribution, detectable extrasynaptically but more abundant synaptically. Our data suggest that selective transcription by synaptic nuclei is a general mechanism that contributes to the concentration of specific proteins in the postsynapfic apparatus at the neuromuscular junction.
Fault Location Method Based on Transient Frequency in Non-Effectively Grounded Distribution Network

In order to solve the fault location problem of single phase to-earth fault in non-effectively grounded distribution network, a new fault location method based on transient frequency of zero-mode current was presented. The difference of transient frequency of zero-mode current between detecting points before and after the fault point is analyzed. This method is realized by the distribution automation (DA) system and does not require additional equipment. The zero-mode current is detected and the frequency of its transient component is calculated by the feeder terminal unit (FTU). The fault section can be located by master station according to comparing the transient frequency at different detecting point on the fault feeder. Results of digital simulation demonstrated the accuracy and feasibility of this method.
Gaze-contingent real-time video processing to study natural vision

Most of our knowledge about visual performance has been obtained with simple, synthetic stimuli, such as narrowband gratings presented on homogeneous backgrounds, and under steady fixation. The visual input we encounter in the real world, however, is fundamentally different and comprises a very broad distribution of spatio-temporal frequencies, orientations, colours, and contrasts, and eye movements induce strong temporal transients on the retina several times per second.
MR imaging predictors of molecular profile and survival: Multi-institutional study of the TCGA glioblastoma data set

While data are still being generated from additional cases, the initial findings connecting radiology, outcome, and genomics clearly demonstrate the power of this approach; we demonstrated that noninvasive, imaging-based features can be used as prognostic biomarkers.
Diffuse exanthema in a patient receiving varenicline.

Purpose. A diffuse exanthema in a patient receiving varenicline is reported. Summary. A 71-year-old white woman, who was initially admitted to the hospital for elective vascular bypass surgery, had a three-day history of a diffuse rash, severe itching, and moderate headache. Her symptoms started two days before her admission. She denied having a fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and flulike symptoms. She also denied having had contact with anyone who was ill, tick or insect bites, exposure to cats, or any changes in her diet, habits, or personal hygiene. Her medical problems included peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hypothyroidism. In addition to several medications she had been taking for over 2 years, she had been taking varenicline as an aid for smoking cessation for eight days. The patient had been smoking for 40 years. The bright-red rash covered 70% of her torso and four extremities. She had mild swelling in her cheeks, but not on the eyelids or lips. Both of her lungs were clear on auscultation, with distant breath sounds caused by her COPD. Varenicline was discontinued, and her symptoms had completely resolved by the eighth day following discontinuation of the medication. While it is possible that other medications caused her symptoms, she had been taking most of them for over 2 years and all of them for over 1 year. Also, continuation of these drugs did not prevent her symptoms from resolving, nor did it cause a recurrence of the skin reaction. Conclusion. A patient developed diffuse exanthema after being treated with varenicline.
Reaction Time and Speed of Movement in Males and Females of Various Ages

Abstract Nine hundred and thirty men, women, and children ranging in age from 6 to 84 were tested to determine the differences between males and females of various ages in their speed of reaction and movement and to ascertain whether or not a relationship exists between reaction time and movement time. Results indicated that (a) males are faster than females in both reaction and movement; (b) speed of both functions increases up to early adulthood and then decreases; (c) peak speed is maintained longer by males in movement and longer by females in reaction; and (d) in the majority of groups studied, no relationship exists between speed of reaction and speed of movement.
End-Permian Mass Extinction in the Oceans: An Ancient Analog for the Twenty-First Century?

The greatest loss of biodiversity in the history of animal life occurred at the end of the Permian Period (∼252 million years ago). This biotic catastrophe coincided with an interval of widespread ocean anoxia and the eruption of one of Earth’s largest continental flood basalt provinces, the Siberian Traps. Volatile release from basaltic magma and sedimentary strata during emplacement of the Siberian Traps can account for most end-Permian paleontological and geochemical observations. Climate change and, perhaps, destruction of the ozone layer can explain extinctions on land, whereas changes in ocean oxygen levels, CO2, pH, and temperature can account for extinction selectivity across marine animals. These emerging insights from geology, geochemistry, and paleobiology suggest that the end-Permian extinction may serve as an important ancient analog for twenty-first century oceans.
Evaluation of the Duration of Storm Effects on In-Stream Water Quality

One of the primary reasons water-quality standards are not met is the effect of storm runoff and combined sewer overflows. A methodology is presented here to determine the duration of storm effects on stream water quality. The evaluation of the duration of storm effects on water quality involves two steps. First, calibration of an appropriate water quality model that is capable of simulation of unsteady-state conditions. Second, execution of the calibrated model with a number of storm loadings randomly sampled from a specific probability distribution that represents realistic ranges of pollutant concentrations. When the variations in the simulated water quality variables become negligible, it is assumed that the river system goes back to prestorm, dry-weather conditions. To illustrate this methodology, the DUFLOW unsteady-state water quality model and Latin hypercube sampling are applied to evaluate the duration of storm effects on water quality in the Chicago Waterway System (CWS). The duration of the st...
Negotiating Connection to GLBT Experience: Family Members' Experience of Anti-GLBT Movements and Policies.

There have been numerous legislative initiatives to limit gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) people's rights at local, state, and national levels (G. M. Herek, 2006). Although research has focused on how GLBT people are affected by these initiatives, to date no research has explored the impact of this legislation upon the families of origin of GLBT people. This qualitative study sought to explore this topic. Through use of grounded theory methodology (B. G. Glaser & A. L. Strauss, 1967), 10 family members of GLBT people living in a state facing a marriage amendment to limit marriage to heterosexual couples were interviewed. All participants interviewed for this study were supportive of their GLBT relative. The results of this study reflected that anti-GLBT movements and policies affected participants' personal relationships, mental and physical health, perspectives about their country and government, and hopes about the future. Movements and policies shaped personal identity and beliefs for some participants. The clusters, underlying categories and a core category of this study, Negotiating My Connection to GLBT experience, are described with implications for counseling psychologists and other mental health professionals.
Potentiometric determination of cadmium–acetate complexation in aqueous solutions to 250°C

Abstract The molal formation quotients of cadmium–acetate complexes were measured potentiometrically (hydrogen-electrode concentration cell) from 50 to 250°C at ionic strengths of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 molal in aqueous sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaTr) media. Two cadmium–acetate species, namely Cd(Ac)+and Cd(Ac)2°, were identified by regressional analysis of the data. Their formation quotients were modeled by empirical equations to describe their temperature and ionic strength dependencies. The thermodynamic quantities, obtained by differentiating these equations with respect to temperature at 25°C and at infinite dilution are for Cd(Ac)+: logK1=1.96±0.24, ΔH°=−17±17 kJ·mol−1, ΔS°=−21±53 J·K−1·mol−1 and ΔCp°=660±370 J·K−1·mol−1; and for Cd(Ac)2°: logK2=3.15±0.10, ΔH°=4±14 kJ·mol−1, ΔS°=75±47 J·K−1·mol−1 and ΔCp°=−400±260 J·K−1·mol−1.
Unstructured mesh partition improvement for implicit finite element at extreme scale

Parallel simulations at extreme scale require that the mesh is distributed across a large number of processors with equal work load and minimum inter-part communications. A number of algorithms have been developed to meet these goals and graph/hypergraph-based methods are by far the most powerful ones. However, the global implementation of current approaches can fail on very large core counts and the vertex imbalance is not optimal where individual cores are lightly loaded. Those issues are resolved by combination of global and local partitioning and an iterative improvement algorithm, LIIPBMod, developed in the previous study (Zhou et al. in SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 32:3201---3227, 2010). In the current work, this combined partition strategy is applied to the simulations at extreme scale with up to O(1010) elements and up to O(300K) cores. Strong scaling studies on IBM BlueGene/P and Cray XT5 systems demonstrate the effectiveness of this combined partition algorithm.
Population distributions in biogeography-based optimization algorithms with elitism

Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is an evolutionary algorithm that is based on the science of biogeography. Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of organisms. In BBO, problem solutions are represented as islands, and the sharing of features between solutions is represented as migration between islands. This paper develops a Markov analysis of BBO, including the option of elitism. Our analysis gives the probability of BBO convergence to each possible population distribution for a given problem. We compare our BBO Markov analysis with a similar genetic algorithm (GA) Markov analysis. Analytical comparisons on three simple problems show that with high mutation rates the performance of GAs and BBO is similar, but with low mutation rates BBO outperforms GAs. Our analysis also shows that elitism is not necessary for all problems, but for some problems it can significantly improve performance.
Judgment, Inquiry, Engagement, Voice: Reenvisioning an Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum Using a Shared Decision-Making Model

In light of recent recommendations from the American Association of Colleges of Nursing's Baccalaureate Essentials , the Institute of Medicine's Future of Nursing , and the Carnegie Foundation's Educating Nurses , many schools of nursing are actively redesigning their undergraduate curriculums. Although the process of curricular change is a complicated one, it is also one that can generate faculty excitement, growth, and engagement. This article describes the process used to bring together the entire faculty and other stakeholders in a unique way to create a new undergraduate nursing curriculum that looks to the future and taps university and faculty strengths. The trajectory of the process and important points within that trajectory are discussed. Key products of the process, which served as articulating steps in building the final product, are also considered and how the framework translates into course work. Faculty engagement at each step resulted in a curriculum owned and endorsed by all constituents, a curriculum that breaks down the "silos" that exist not only among courses and clinical experiences but also between the undergraduate educational experience and the more complicated and contingent one of clinical practice.
Evaluation of the Effects of User-Sensitivity on Text Summarization

Along with research on information retrieval and filtering, text summarization is an effective technique to help users save time in finding critical information and making timely decisions. Some existing summarization approaches have used a userpsilas interests to develop a personalized text summarization system. However, there is inadequate focus on exploring cognitive styles, which have been found to affect the ways users think, perceive and remember information. Our main objective of this evaluation is to investigate the effect of a userpsilas cognitive style on multi-document summarization. We examine two dimensions of a userpsilas cognitive style which are the analytic/who list and verbal/imagery dimensions. We conducted an experiment to determine the impact of a userpsilas cognitive style when working with different types of document sets. The type of a document set refers to whether the content of this set is loosely related or closely related. Our results show that users in general are insensitive to the types of document sets both in terms of information covered in a summary as well as the way that a summary is written and presented. However, if we group users by the analytic/who list dimension, we found that people in groups are sensitive to the way that the information is presented for different types of document sets.
Small-signal modulation characteristics of p-doped 1.1- and 1.3-/spl mu/m quantum-dot lasers

We have investigated the small-signal modulation characteristics of 1.1and 1.3-/spl mu/m p-doped quantum-dot lasers in order to evaluate the potential of acceptor doping. The maximum measured 3-dB bandwidth of the 1.1- and 1.3-/spl mu/m lasers are 11 and 8 GHz, respectively, which are only marginally higher than those in the corresponding undoped devices.
Microstructure of Niobium Films Oriented By Non-Normal Incidence Ion Bombardment During Growth

We demonstrate that non-normal incidence ion bombardment applied during thin film growth has a pronounced alignment effect on crystallographic orientation. Restricted fiber texture is achieved in Nb films deposited at room temperature onto amorphous silica substrates with simultaneous 200 eV Ar+ ion bombardment at 20 degrees from glancing angle. Xray pole figure measurements and transmission electron diffraction show that the alignment direction is a channeling direction for the incident ions between (110) planes. The degree of alignment increases linearly with the fraction resputtered by the ion beam. Recommendations are given for optimizing this ion beam orientation effect.
Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of profuse watery diarrhoea in the developing world, often leading to severe dehydration or death. We found only 15 population-based studies in low and medium human development index (HDI) countries from 1984 to 2005 that evaluate disease incidence. Reported incidence ranged from 39 to 4460 infections/1000 persons per year. The peak incidence of ETEC appeared to occur between ages 6 and 18 months. A median of 14% (range 2–36%) of diarrhoeal specimens were positive for ETEC in 19 facility- and population-based studies conducted in all age groups and 13% (range 3–39%) in 51 studies conducted in children only. Heat-labile toxin (LT)-ETEC is thought to be less likely to cause disease than heat-stable toxin (ST)-ETEC or LT/ST-ETEC. Because population-based studies involve enhanced clinical management of patients and facility-based studies include only the most severe illnesses, reliable data on complications and mortality from ETEC infections was unavailable. To reduce gaps in the current understanding of ETEC incidence, complications and mortality, large population-based studies combined with facility-based studies covering a majority of the corresponding population are needed, especially in low-HDI countries. Moreover, a standard molecular definition of ETEC infection is needed to be able to compare results across study sites.
Reference values for the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids.

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids.A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand.This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn.Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available.In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.
Field emission and strain engineering of electronic properties in boron nitride nanotubes.

The electrical properties of boron nitride (BN) nanostructures, particularly BN nanotubes (NTs), have been studied less in comparison to the counterpart carbon nanotubes. The present work investigates the field emission (FE) behavior of BNNTs under multiple cycles of FE experiments and demonstrates a strain-engineering pathway to tune the electronic properties of BNNTs. The electrical probing of individual BNNTs were conducted inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) using an in situ electrical holder capable of applying a bias voltage of up to 110 V. Our results indicate that in the first cycle a single BNNT can exhibit the current density of 1 mA cm 2 at 110 V and the turn-on voltage of 325 V m 1 . However, field emission properties reduced considerably in subsequent cycles. Real-time imaging revealed the structural degradation of individual BNNTs during FE experiments. The electromechanical measurements show that the conductivity of BNNTs can be tuned by means of mechanical straining. The resistance of individual BNNTs reduced from 2000 to 769 M and the carrier concentration increased from 0:35 10 17 to 1:1 10 17 cm 3 by straining the samples up to 2.5%. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
Vigilant and avoidant attention biases as predictors of response to cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia.

Background Attention bias for socially threatening information, an empirically supported phenomenon, figures prominently in models of social phobia. However, all published studies examining this topic to date have relied on group means to describe attention bias patterns; research has yet to examine potential subgroups of attention bias among individuals with social phobia (e.g., vigilant or avoidant). Furthermore, almost no research has examined how attention biases in either direction may predict change in symptoms as a result of treatment.
Food Energy and Nutrients Per Dollar's Worth of Food From Available Home Food Supplies

Data from the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, 1977–78, were used to assess effects of household size and composition, household income, and eli gibility/participation in the Food Stamp Program (FSP) on the food energy and nutrients per dollar's worth of food from the household food supply during one week. Mean food energy, protein, calcium, iron, magnesium, and vitamin A per food dollar were calculated for selected sample partitions. Household size, in come, FSP participation, and other socioeconomic variables were regressed on food energy and nutrients per food dollar. Results indicated that household size had a statistically significant and positive impact on nutrients per dollar's worth of food except for vitamin A. Household income had a statistically significant and negative impact on nutrients per food dollar. Households that participated in the FSP had greater food energy and nutrient return per dollar than households eligible but not participating in the FSP. However, these differences for FSP par ticipation were statistically significant only for calcium.
Characterization of internal pudendal artery atherosclerosis using aortography and multi-detector computed angiography

Objective To compare multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and aortography in the assessment of the internal pudendal artery (IPA) anatomy and degree of atherosclerosis. Methods Eighty-three patients underwent MDCT and aortography of the pelvic vasculature prior to consideration for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. These modalities were used to localize the IPA origin, degree of stenosis (normal: 50% stenosis or occlusion), normal= and extent of calcification, quantified using a nominal scale (0 = no calcification, 1 = 50% of the IPA length). These studies were read independently and were blinded. Results Mean patient age was 78 ± 8 years with a high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease (70% coronary artery disease (CAD) and 30% peripheral artery disease (PAD)). The prevalence of having IPA stenosis or occlusion was 54%, 18% had an accessory arterial origin. In a patient-based analysis, the sensitivity of MDCT for detecting significant proximal IPA disease was 100% and, specificity 74%, positive predictive valve was 66%, and negative predictive value was 100%. In assessing the distal IPA and cavernosal arteries, the sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 64%, positive predictive value 89%, and negative predictive value of 100%. MDCT used significantly more contrast and more radiation than aortography. Conclusion MDCT had a high false-positive rate and low false-negative rate in evaluating the proximal IPA. For the distal IPA or cavernosal arteries, MDCT showed a high sensitivity and low specificity. These modalities have complementary roles in the assessment of IPA patency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Presence of two unique genes encoding macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance in members of the Bacteroides fragilis group as determined by DNA-DNA homology

The relationship of a previously described, plasmid-encoded macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance determinant to Bacteroides fragilis group clinical isolates from 11 different patients with bacteroides infections was assessed using in situ hybridization. Most of the strains were found to have DNA sequences homologous with the bacteroides MLS plasmid, pBF4, but this homology was exclusively to chromosomal DNA. Two organisms isolated from different sites in a single patient did not share homology with the plasmid, and probably represent a second type of MLS gene. The MLS resistance plasmids, pBF4 (from Bact. fragilis) and pE194 (from Staphylococcus aureus), did not share homologous sequences; therefore at least one of the bacteroids MLS genes is different from that found in Gram-positive organisms.
Perturb-and-MAP random fields: Using discrete optimization to learn and sample from energy models

We propose a novel way to induce a random field from an energy function on discrete labels. It amounts to locally injecting noise to the energy potentials, followed by finding the global minimum of the perturbed energy function. The resulting Perturb-and-MAP random fields harness the power of modern discrete energy minimization algorithms, effectively transforming them into efficient random sampling algorithms, thus extending their scope beyond the usual deterministic setting. In this fashion we can enjoy the benefits of a sound probabilistic framework, such as the ability to represent the solution uncertainty or learn model parameters from training data, while completely bypassing costly Markov-chain Monte-Carlo procedures typically associated with discrete label Gibbs Markov random fields (MRFs). We study some interesting theoretical properties of the proposed model in juxtaposition to those of Gibbs MRFs and address the issue of principled design of the perturbation process. We present experimental results in image segmentation and scene labeling that illustrate the new qualitative aspects and the potential of the proposed model for practical computer vision applications.
Motion estimation using multiple non-overlapping cameras for small unmanned aerial vehicles

An imaging sensor made of multiple light-weight non-overlapping cameras is an effective sensor for a small unmanned aerial vehicle that has strong payload limitation. This paper presents a method for motion estimation by assuming that such a multi-camera system is a spherical imaging system (that is, the cameras share a single optical center). We derive analytically and empirically a condition for a multi-camera system to be modeled as a spherical camera. Interestingly, not only does the spherical assumption simplify the algorithms and calibration procedure, but also motion estimation based on that assumption becomes more accurate.
Determinants of Self-Handicapping Task Importance and the Effects of Preexisting Handicaps on Self-Generated Handicaps

In an effort to uncover some of the determinants of self-handicapping, male and female introductory psychology students chose to listen to either facilitating or interfering music prior to taking a test described either as a valid or an invalid predictor of academic success. In addition, half of the subjects were led to believe that a preexisting distracter, or handicap, was already present in the environment whereas the remainder were not. Results revealed that self-handicapping occurred in anticipation of an important task, but only when there was no preexisting handicap. Attributions for success and failure revealed a clear self-serving bias, replicating earlier work. The results are discussed in terms of the attributional and practical utility of convenient excuses versus self-generated self-handicaps.
Does A Trading Simulation Exercise Enhance Financial Learning

This study investigates whether a bond trading simulation enhances student learning. Using traditional instructional methods, two groups of students are taught the basic principles of bond valuation. One of the two groups also participates in a simulation exercise. Both groups are given a test to assess their learning. The study does not find evidence that a bond simulation exercise has any significant impact on student learning, as measured by the test. The study, however, does find a significant relationship between a student’s GPA and his/her performance on the test.
A Simple and Rapid Method for Hemoglobin Removal From Mammalian Tissue Cytosol by Zinc Sulfate and Its Application to the Study of Glutathione Transferase

Summary: Glutathione transferase (GST), a cytosolic enzyme responsible for conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophiles, was found to be inhibited by hemoglobin (Hb). The IC50 values of 14 and 45 nu M for Hb were estimated using the affinity purified human term placental and rat hepatic GSTs, respectively. A very simple, rapid, and highly reproducible method that uses zinc sulfate was designed to remove Hb from tissue cytosol without affecting GST. Directly added 500 nu M zinc sulfate did not cause statistically significant inhibition (5-7%) of the affinity purified GST from the human liver, human placenta, and rat liver. A treatment with 500 nu M zinc sulfate was found to be optimal to remove 95% of Hb from the cytosol isolated from the rat liver and human term placenta. Two independent methods to quantitate Hb content gave essentially similar results. The experimental data suggest that a failure to remove Hb from cytosol can lead to about 25% underestimation of total GST content in the rat liver....
Parametric Modeling Investigation of a Radially-Staged Low-Emission Aviation Combustor

Aviation gas-turbine combustion demands high efficiency, wide operability and minimal trace gas emissions. Performance critical design parameters include injector geometry, combustor layout, fuel-air mixing and engine cycle conditions. The present investigation explores these factors and their impact on a radially staged low-emission aviation combustor sized for a next-generation 24,000-lbf-thrust engine. By coupling multi-fidelity computational tools, a design exploration was performed using a parameterized annular combustor sector at projected 100% takeoff power conditions. Design objectives included nitrogen oxide emission indices and overall combustor pressure loss. From the design space, an optimal configuration was selected and simulated at 7.1, 30 and 85% part-power operation, corresponding to landing-takeoff cycle idle, approach and climb segments. All results were obtained by solution of the steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Species concentrations were solved directly using a reduced 19-step reaction mechanism for Jet-A. Turbulence closure was obtained using a nonlinear K-epsilon model. This research demonstrates revolutionary combustor design exploration enabled by multi-fidelity physics-based simulation.
Investigation of the Capture of Magnetic Particles From High-Viscosity Fluids Using Permanent Magnets

Goal : This paper investigates the practicality of using a small, permanent magnet to capture magnetic particles out of high-viscosity biological fluids, such as synovial fluid. Methods: Numerical simulations are used to predict the trajectory of magnetic particles toward the permanent magnet. The simulations are used to determine a “collection volume” with a time-dependent size and shape, which determines the number of particles that can be captured from the fluid in a given amount of time. Results: The viscosity of the fluid strongly influences the velocity of the magnetic particles toward the magnet, hence, the collection volume after a given time. In regards to the design of the magnet, the overall size is shown to most strongly influence the collection volume in comparison to the magnet shape or aspect ratio. Conclusion: Numerical results showed good agreement with in vitro experimental magnetic collection results. Significance: In the long term, this paper aims to facilitate optimization of the collection of magnetic particle–biomarker conjugates from high-viscosity biological fluids without the need to remove the fluid from a patient.
Multiscale simulation of ideal mixtures using smoothed dissipative particle dynamics

Smoothed dissipative particle dynamics (SDPD) [P. Espanol and M. Revenga, Phys. Rev. E 67, 026705 (2003)] is a thermodynamically consistent particle-based continuum hydrodynamics solver that features scale-dependent thermal fluctuations. We obtain a new formulation of this stochastic method for ideal two-component mixtures through a discretization of the advection-diffusion equation with thermal noise in the concentration field. The resulting multicomponent approach is consistent with the interpretation of the SDPD particles as moving volumes of fluid and reproduces the correct fluctuations and diffusion dynamics. Subsequently, we provide a general multiscale multicomponent SDPD framework for simulations of molecularly miscible systems spanning length scales from nanometers to the non-fluctuating continuum limit. This approach reproduces appropriate equilibrium properties and is validated with simulation of simple one-dimensional diffusion across multiple length scales.
Curses, Charms, and Taboos

Spells and incantations are written or spoken words and formulas that are believed to have magical powers. A spell isn’t inherently positive or negative, although specific kinds of spells do have connotations of good or evil. Charms, cures, and blessings are specifically intended to be good, or are hoped to counteract bad spells. Curses, hexes, and jinxes are always underpinned by bad intentions, like wanting someone dead, or wanting them to become fat.
Feeding Responses of Gypsy Moth Larvae, Lymantria dispar , to Extracts of Plant Leaves

Feeding response of larvae of the gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar L.) to 30 plant leaf extracts is reported. Plant extract is incorporated into a basal diet of cellulose powder, agar, and water. The amount of feeding was measured by dry weight of frass produced in 24 h. Extracts were tested alone and in combination with a stimulatory plant residue. This allowed classification of an extract into one of 4 categories: stimulant; neutral (no feeding effect); deterrent; and synergist.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION WITHIN THE ANDEAN SEMISPECIES OF DROSOPHILA PAULISTORUM.

Species in statu nascendi (Dobzhansky and Spaasky, 1959) are relatively rare, perhaps because the critical stages of the speciation process are passed rather rapidly. The superspecies Drosophila paulistorum is an example of a form caught in these critical stages at our time level. It is in the process of evolving into six semispecies or incipient species. Although the semispecies show no taxonomically useful morphological differentiation, they do exhibit fairly strong, though incomplete, ethological isolation, as well as complete sterility of male F1 hybrids (Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky, 1969; Dobzhansky et al., 1969; Perez-Salas et al., 1970). D. pavlovskiana is a sibling species very closely related to D. paulistorum and was once thought to be a semispecies of paulistorum, but the failure of chromosome pairing in the salivary glands of hybrids is indicative of a more substantial genetic differentiation than that found between semispecies (Kastritsis and Dobzhansky, 1966). Ethological isolation among the semispecies of D. paulistorum is strong enough that two and sometimes three semispecies coexist sympatrically in many localities. No evidence of hybridization between semispecies in nature has been found although a careful attempt to detect such hybrids has not been made. However, some strains, particularly those of the Transitional semispecies, are capable of producing fertile hybrids with both the Centroamerican and Andean-Brazilian semispecies under laboratory conditions (Dobzhansky et al., 1969). Other strains of D. paulistorum which are intermediate between some semispecies have also been found. Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky (1966 and 1971) have described a strain of D. paulistorum which when originally established from a single wild female in 1958 was a member of the Orinocan semispecies. When this strain was reexamined in 1963, it no longer produced fertile hybrids and was subsequently found to produce fertile hybrids with the then undiscovered semispecies, the Interior. Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky (1975) have described more recently collected strains which give similar results. Ten strains of D. paulistorum, collected in Venezuela in 1972, produced fertile hybrids with both the Orinocan and Interior semispecies. When these strains were tested again a year later, six strains gave fertile hybrids with only the Orinocan semispecies. Clearly D. paulistorum presents an unparalleled and fascinating opportunity to study those events which lead to both genetic and ethological isolation between once similar populations. We describe here the results of genetic and ethological tests of strains of D. paulistorum and other members of the D. willistoni group collected in southern Venezuela in 1973. Strains from one of the localities sampled, Caicara, have the extraordinary property of producing fertile hybrids with five of the semispecies of D. paulistorum as well as with D. pavlovskiana.
Analysis of Hypertension and Related Risk Factors among Physical Examination in Huizhou

Objective To investigate the incidence of hypertension and related risk factors on physical examination in Huizhou.Methods Physical examination and hypertension knowledge survey for 11216 population,The risk factors of hypertension using logistic regression analysis in Huizhou.Results The 11216 questionnaire(90.0%) were recovered in 12463 questionnaire;The Hypertension were 1682 cases(14.9%);The hypertension 681 cases(40.5%) in 60 years group were significantly higher than 864(13.6%) in 30 year below group(χ2=9.15,P0.01);The morbidity of hypertension were increasing trend with age(χ2=10.45,P0.001);1162 cases(69.0%) in daily smokers were significantly higher than 100 cases(6.0%)in non-smokers(χ2=15.84,P0.01);Body mass index(BMI) ≥28kg/m2 of 303 cases(18.0%)significantly higher than24kg/m2 of 2824 cases(49.0%)(χ2=9.83,P0.01);The risk factors related with age,obesity smoking,abdominal circumference,salt volume in hypertension by multivariate Logistic regression analysis(P all0.01).Conclusion Strengthen the health education work and take appropriate intervention measures to control hypertension related risk factors.
Love and illusion.

The interplay between idealization and disillusionment in the evolution of romantic love is examined. Idealization refers to the reawakening of conscious and unconscious fantasies that lovers project onto each other. Disillusionment refers to a change in perception that occurs when projections are not sustained. The optimal balance between idealization and disillusionment facilitates the deepening of intimacy in a process similar to the one Kohut describes in the development of self structure. Conversely, a great imbalance between idealization and disillusionment can lead to heartache. Works by Freud, Kernberg, and Kohut are discussed.
Health care policy and the Reagan administration: the case of family planning.

PIP: In 1970 the Public Health Service Act was passed and Title X had a provision to establish and fund a national network of family planning clinics through the Office of Family Planning (OFP). The Reagan administration's policy towards family planning suffers from dilemmas and shortcomings that had an influence on the programs put in place by Title X. The attempts to reshape the philosophy of Title X have for the most part failed, but these attempts have had some negative effects none the less. This article examines the history of Title X and the attempts by the Reagan administration to change it. For the years 1985-86, the OFP had a budget of $142 million of which $135 million went to fund the clinics and the rest went to training, educational materials, and research and development of newer and better ways of getting family planning to the people. Before 1987 the Reagan administration tried to change the strategy of family planning from sex education, contraception and abortion to advocating abstinence, adoption counseling, infertility counseling, and natural contraception. This tactic failed because the Reagan administration was only able to divert $5 million towards these new goals. Congress was the administration's primary obstacle. Another unsuccessful tactic was to change the method of funding by moving the money to block grants which all states received from the federal government to do with basically as they pleased. But Congress went ahead and funded Title X directly in the usual manner. After 1986 the Reagan administration found a new avenue to accomplish its policy change. The "Superbill" as it is called would restrict funding to any clinics that refer for abortion, counsel for abortion or are closely overlapping fiscally or physically with abortion services. The administration also rail-roaded through new regulations to this effect in case Congress did not pass the Superbill. As of the writing of this article, pro-family planning organizations have gotten court injunctions to block the new regulations.
Percutaneous Nephrostomy for Treatment of Hydronephrosis of Pregnancy

Hydronephrosis of pregnancy is a common phenomenon that rarely requires invasive intervention. We describe a young woman with markedly obstructive hydronephrosis of pregnancy causing forniceal extravasation who was treated successfully by percutaneous nephrostomy. The rationale of such intervention and its advantages over retrograde ureteral catheterization or stenting are discussed.
Factors Influencing Choice in Consumer Disposition Decisions: An Empirical Investigation

Product disposition (disposal of products after use), as an aspect of micro consumer behavior, has received little attention in marketing or behavioral science literature.
The Pursuit of Economic Dynamism

From the outset, the New Labour government put economic growth at the centre of its concerns, and rightly so. For leading ministers knew well enough that the sustained growth of the economy as a whole, and the enhanced international competitiveness of its leading companies, were vital prerequisites to the successful implementation of the full sweep of the party’s manifesto commitments. Certainly they were well aware as they entered office that, without sustained economic growth, they would be unable to put clear water between themselves and the Conservatives. They would be unable to ‘switch spending from economic failure to investment’,1 as they liked to put it. They knew too that they would not be able to increase the volume of social expenditure, while freezing personal tax rates as they had promised, unless they could somehow trigger a rising tide of economic output. They were presumably also aware that, down the line, they would not even be able to guarantee New Labour’s own re-election unless they had by then produced an economic ‘feel-good factor’ in the party’s voting base, of the kind that had so cruelly eluded John Major. Since that re-election was indeed a dominant policy concern of the New Labour leadership from the outset, it was no surprise that once in office, the Chancellor, Gordon Brown, regularly described ‘the Government’s central objectives’ as the achievement of ‘high and stable levels of growth and employment, and sustainable public services, built from a platform of long-term stability’.2