cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Model for Partnering First-Year Student Pharmacists With Community-Based Older Adults

Objectives. To design, integrate, and assess the effectiveness of an introductory pharmacy practice experience intended to redefine first-year student pharmacists’ views on aging and medication use through their work with a healthy, community-based older-adult population. Design. All students (N = 273) completed live skills training in an 8-hour boot camp provided during orientation week. Teams were assigned an independently living senior partner, completed 10 visits and reflections, and documented health-related information using an electronic portfolio (e-portfolio). Assessment. As determined by pre- and post-experience survey instruments, students gained significant confidence in 7 skill areas related to communication, medication interviews, involving the partner in health care, and applying patient-care skills. Student reflections, in-class presentations, and e-portfolios documented that personal attitudes toward seniors changed over time. Senior partners enjoyed mentoring and interacting with students and many experienced health improvements as a result of the interaction. Conclusions. The model for partnering first-year student pharmacists with community-based older adults improved students’ skills and fostered their connections to pharmacist roles and growth as person-centered providers.
Body Image: Impacts of Media Channels on Men's and Women's Social Comparison Process, and Testing of Involvement Measurement

This study examines the impacts of social comparison processes on men and women to investigate any potential gender differences by utilizing survey research (N = 134). This study also investigates the different impacts of magazine and television social comparison processes on men's and women's body perceptual gap and body satisfaction. Last, this study tests the validity of a new scale based on the Affect, Reason, and Involvement (ARI) model, measuring “involvement” in the context of body image. The result found significant gender differences in several key areas in the body image processes. Social comparison to television actually decreased the body perceptual gap among men but increased the gap among women. Magazine social comparison yielded the same results for both men and women. Other gender differences were also found. Even though men were watching more hours of television per week, the female participants had higher levels of overall social comparison to television and magazines. Female participant...
Chylothorax Secondary to Superior Vena Caval Obstruction

Bilateral lethal chylothoraces developed in a premature infant secondary to superior vena caval obstruction related to central venous catheterization for total parenteral nutrition. The accumulation of chyle in the lungs was preceded radiographically by the typical lymphatic pattern in the lungs, usually associated with lymphangiectasia. A nuclear medicine lymphangiogram showed abnormal accumulation of the isotope in the lungs secondary to the lymphatic obstruction.
Tick microbiome: the force within

Ticks are obligate blood-feeders and serve as vectors of human and livestock pathogens worldwide. Defining the tick microbiome and deciphering the interactions between the tick and its symbiotic bacteria in the context of tick development and pathogen transmission will likely reveal new insights and spawn new paradigms to control tick-borne diseases. Descriptive observations on the tick microbiome that began almost a century ago serve as forerunners to the gathering momentum to define the tick microbiome in greater detail. This review will focus on the current efforts to address the microbiomes of diverse ticks, and the evolving understanding of tick microbiomes. There is hope that these efforts will bring a holistic understanding of pathogen transmission by ticks.
EFFECTS OF PELVIC POSITIONING AND SIMULATED DORSAL ACETABULAR RIM REMODELING ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC SHAPE OF THE DORSAL ACETABULAR EDGE

A radiographic study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pelvic rotation and of simulated dorsal acetabular rim (DAR) remodeling on the radiographic appearance of the dorsal acetabular edge (DAE). The DAE is the line connecting the cranial and caudal rims of the acetabulum when viewing a pelvic radiograph made with the dog in the ventrodorsal position with the hind limbs extended. In this study, it was hypothesized that the DAE would change with pelvic rotation and simulated DAR damage. Ventrodorsal radiographs of eight canine pelves were made at 0 degrees, 5 degrees, and 10 degrees of left and right pelvic rotation over its longitudinal axis. These radiographs were repeated following removal of 2, 4, and then 6 mm of bone from the right DAR of each pelvis. The ratio of acetabular width to maximum depth of the DAE was calculated. The area between the DAE and a straight line connecting the cranial and caudal acetabular rims was measured digitally. The DAE depth and area changed with pelvic rotation, and with increasing simulated DAR damage. A linear relationship between the obturator foramina width ratio and pelvic rotation allowed estimation of the degree and direction of pelvic rotation. Equations were developed from the data to assist with the estimation of the amount of DAR remodeling on a clinical radiograph.
Effect of olfactory bulb kindling on evoked potentials in the pyriform cortex.

Abstract The potential evoked in the pyriform cortex by single-pulse stimulation of the olfactory bulb was examined before and after single and repeated elicitation of an epileptiform afterdischarge produced by stimulation of the olfactory bulb. A single afterdischarge (AD) produced a rapid (i.e. within 5 min) increase in the amplitude of an early surface-negative wave and duration of a later surface-positive wave. These effects persisted at least 48–72 h. Repeated elicitation of ADs resulted in kindling. A large increase in the amplitude of a later surface-negative wave (approximately 25 ms latency) occurred during kindling. This wave remained significantly elevated for at least 72 h after the last AD. Long-term potentiation of the early surface-negative wave was produced by kindling or two focal ADs. A short-term effect which was consistently observed following a focal or generalized AD was a prolongation of a late surface-positive wave. These effects are discussed in relation to long-term potentiation, postseizure inhibition, and kindling development.
Sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis was similar to that of modern humans

The substantial fossil record for Australopithecus afarensis includes both an adult partial skeleton [Afar Locality (A.L.) 288-1, “Lucy”] and a large simultaneous death assemblage (A.L. 333). Here we optimize data derived from both to more accurately estimate skeletal size dimorphism. Postcranial ratios derived from A.L. 288-1 enable a significant increase in sample size compared with previous studies. Extensive simulations using modern humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas confirm that this technique is accurate and that skeletal size dimorphism in A. afarensis was most similar to that of contemporary Homo sapiens. These data eliminate some apparent discrepancies between the canine and skeletal size dimorphism in hominoids, imply that the species was not characterized by substantial sexual bimaturation, and greatly increase the probability that the reproductive strategy of A. afarensis was principally monogamy.
Melting curve of silicon to 15 GPa determined by two-dimensional angle-dispersive diffraction using a Kawai-type apparatus with X-ray transparent sintered diamond anvils

Abstract The melting curve of silicon has been determined up to 15 GPa using a miniaturized Kawai-type apparatus with second-stage cubic anvils made of X-ray transparent sintered diamond. Our results are in good agreement with the melting curve determined by electrical resistivity measurements [V.V. Brazhkin, A.G. Lyapin, S.V. Popova, R.N. Voloshin, Nonequilibrium phase transitions and amorphization in Si, Si/GaAs, Ge, and Ge/GaSb at the decompression of high-pressure phases, Phys. Rev. B 51 (1995) 7549] up to the phase I (diamond structure)—phase II (β-tin structure)—liquid triple point. The triple point of phase XI (orthorhombic, Imma)—phase V (simple hexagonal)—liquid has been constrained to be at 14.4(4) GPa and 1010(5) K. These results demonstrate that the combination of X-ray transparent anvils and monochromatic diffraction with area detectors offers a reliable technique to detect melting at high pressures in the multianvil press.
The effects of pulsed laser injection seeding and triggering on the temporal behavior and magnitude of laser-induced incandescence from soot

The effect of sub-nanosecond fluence fluctuations and triggering on time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (LII) from soot has been studied using an injection-seeded pulsed Nd:YAG laser that produces a smooth laser temporal profile. Without injection seeding, this multi-mode laser generates pulses with large intensity fluctuations with sub-nanosecond rise times. The experimental results described here demonstrate that at fluences below 0.6 J/cm2 LII signals are insensitive to fluence fluctuations on nanosecond time scales. At fluences above 0.6 J/cm2 fluctuations in the laser profile cause the rising edge of the LII profile to move around in time relative to the center of the laser pulse causing a broader average profile that shifts to earlier times. Such fluctuations also lead to a decrease in the average LII temporal profile by up to 12% at a fluence of 3.5 J/cm2. A timing jitter on the trigger of the data acquisition, such as that produced by triggering on the laser Q-switch synchronization pulse, has a negligible effect on the shape and temporal maximum of the LII signal. Additional jitter, however, considerably reduces the peak of the LII temporal profiles at fluences as low as 0.15 J/cm2. Neither fast fluence fluctuations nor trigger jitter have a significant effect on gated LII signals, such as those used to infer soot volume fraction.
Microstructural simulation of dynamic recrystallization

A Monte Carlo model for dynamic recrystallization has been developed from earlier models used to simulate static recrystallization and grain growth. The model simulates dynamic recrystallization by adding recrystallization nuclei and stored energy continuously with time. The simulations reproduce many of the essential features of dynamic recrystallization. The stored energy of the system, which may be interpreted as a measure of the flow stress, goes through a maximum and then decays, monotonically under some conditions and in an oscillatory manner under others. The principle parameters that were studied were the rate of adding stored energy, AH, and the rate of adding nuclei, AN. As AH increases, for fixed AN, the oscillations decay more rapidly and the asymptotic energy rises. As AN increases, again the oscillations decay more rapidly but the asymptotic stored energy decreases. The mean grain size of the system also oscillates in a similar manner to the stored energy but out of phase by 90 °. The flow stress oscillations occurred for conditions which lead to both coarsening and refinement of the initial grain size. Necklacing of the prior grain structure by new grains were observed for low AH and high AN; it is, however, not an invariable feature of grain refinement. The initial grain size has a profound influence on the microstructure that evolves during the first cycle of recrystallization but at long times, a mean grain size is established which depends on the values of AH and AN alone. Comparison of the relationships between the energy storage rate, maximum and asymptotic stored energy and the grain size suggest that in physical systems the energy storage rate and the nucleation rate are coupled. Comparison of the simulation results with experimental trends suggests that the dependence of nucleation rate on storage should be positive but weak. All of these results were obtained without the addition of special parameters to the model.
Ultrasound features of malignancy in the preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid cancer: a retrospective analysis of parathyroid tumours larger than 15 mm

Objective Nearly all reported parathyroid cancers are >15 mm at presentation. The objective was to identify ultrasound criteria of malignancy in parathyroid lesions of >15 mm in size.
Turnaround Leadership for Higher Education

The central premise of Turnaround Leadership for Higher Education is that institutions of higher education need to become more “change-capable” to meet successfully the economic and societal challenges of the 21st century. Fullan and Scott propose that effective, or what they label “turnaround,” leadership is the key to transforming colleges and universities from their current “change averse culture” to one that is “change-capable.”
Brown assails Congressional earmarking

Since President Bush first submitted his budget to Congress it was clear that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to fully support all of the NASA activities contained in the budget. Now the appropriations bill containing NASA funding for fiscal year 1992 is sitting on the president's desk. Many space science programs were cut, ranging from the Earth Observing System (−$65 million) to the CRAF/Cassini program (−$117 million). Nevertheless, powerful members of Congress sitting on the appropriations committees managed to find money for many projects in their home districts and states via special earmarking of funds. During House consideration of the final version of H.R. 2519 on October 2, George E. Brown, Jr. (D-Calif.), chairman of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee, spoke out against earmarking.
Podokinetic stimulation causes shifts in perception of straight ahead

Podokinetic after-rotation (PKAR) is a phenomenon in which subjects inadvertently rotate when instructed to step in place after a period of walking on a rotating treadmill. PKAR has been shown to transfer between different forms of locomotion, but has not been tested in a non-locomotor task. We conducted two experiments to assess effects of PKAR on perception of subjective straight ahead and on quiet standing posture. Twenty-one healthy young right-handed subjects pointed to what they perceived as their subjective straight ahead with a laser pointer while they were recorded by a motion capture system both before and after a training period on the rotating treadmill. Subjects performed the pointing task while standing, sitting on a chair without a back, and a chair with a back. After the training period, subjects demonstrated a significant shift in subjective straight ahead, pointing an average of 29.1 ± 10.6° off of center. The effect was direction-specific, depending on whether subjects had trained in the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. Postures that limited subjects’ ability to rotate the body in space resulted in reduction, but not elimination, of the effect. The effect was present in quiet standing and even in sitting postures where locomotion was not possible. The robust transfer of PKAR to non-locomotor tasks, and across locomotor forms as demonstrated previously, is in contrast to split-belt adaptations that show limited transfer. We propose that, unlike split-belt adaptations, podokinetic adaptations are mediated at supraspinal, spatial orientation areas that influences spinal-level circuits for locomotion.
Size matters: Hemorrhage volume as an objective measure to define significant intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolysis

Background and Purpose— This study defines significant thrombolysis associated intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) by identifying an objective threshold volume that predicts clinical deterioration attributable to ICH. Methods— Prospectively collected clinical and radiographic information, from 103 consecutive patients who underwent intraarterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke, was reviewed. Multiple paired comparisons between stratified hematoma volume and change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score by 24 to 36 hours and by time of hospital discharge was used to identify significant differences. Associations between hemorrhage volume and infarct volume in relation to clinical outcomes were examined. Rates of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), symptomatic hemorrhage, and parenchymal hematoma involving over 30% of the infarct were compared with hemorrhage volume. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between change in discharge NIHSS score and hemorrhage volume adjusting for known predictors of clinical outcomes. Results— Multiple paired comparisons indicate that hemorrhage greater than 25 mL (HV25) had a more distinct impact on NIHSS score by time of hospital discharge than at 24 to 36 hours. Twenty-seven (26.2%) patients had HT and 12 (11.7%) had HV25. Among symptomatic hemorrhage, parenchymal hematoma involving over 30% of the infarct, and HV25, HV25 appeared more reflective of clinical deterioration from ICH. Hemorrhage volume increased with infarct volume but they were independently associated with change in NIHSS score on regression analysis. Conclusion— Clinical deterioration from ICH and ischemic injury are more effectively distinguished at time of hospital discharge. The authors propose to define significant hemorrhage associated with thrombolysis as hemorrhage volume greater than 25 mL.
The impact of the paper of Edsall and Mehl (1940) on actin and actomyosin research

Abstract The paper of Edsall and Mehl, ‘The effect of denaturing agents on myosin, II. Viscosity and double refraction of flow’, J. Biol. Chem. 133 (1940) 409–429, inspired our research on actin and actomyosin. It led to the specific purification of actin with magnesium ions and to the demonstration of the central role of the Mg 2+ -activated actomyosin ATPase in contraction of live muscle.
Analytical model of piezoresistivity for strain sensing in carbon fiber polymer-matrix structural composite under flexure

An analytical model is provided for the piezoresistive phenomenon of continuous carbon fiber polymer–matrix composite under flexure. This phenomenon allows strain sensing and entails reversible increase of the tension surface resistance and reversible decrease of the compression surface resistance during flexure. The model considers the surface resistance change to be due to change in the degree of current penetration. The longitudinal strain resulting from the flexure affects the through-thickness resistivity (which relates to the contact resistivity of the interlaminar interface). Good agreement is found between the model and prior experimental results, except that the calculated surface resistance on the tension side is higher than the measured value, when the magnitude of the average longitudinal strain on the surface exceeds 3 · 10 � 3 .
Development, polymorphism, and cross-taxon utility of EST-SSR markers from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.).

Due to their highly polymorphic and codominant nature, simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers are a common choice for assaying genetic diversity and genetic mapping. In this paper, we describe the generation of an expressed-sequence tag (EST) collection for the oilseed crop safflower and the subsequent development of EST–SSR markers for the genetic analysis of safflower and related species. We assembled 40,874 reads into 19,395 unigenes, of which 4,416 (22.8%) contained at least one SSR. Primer pairs were developed and tested for 384 of these loci, resulting in a collection of 104 polymorphic markers that amplify reliably across 27 accessions (3 species) of the genus Carthamus. These markers exhibited a high level of polymorphism, with an average of 6.0 ± 0.4 alleles per locus and an average gene diversity of 0.54 ± 0.03 across Carthamus species. In terms of cross-taxon transferability, 50% of these primer pairs produced an amplicon in at least one other species in the Asteraceae, and 28% produced an amplicon in at least one species outside the safflower subfamily (i.e., lettuce, sunflower, and/or Gerbera). These markers represent a valuable resource for the genetic analysis of safflower and related species, and also have the potential to facilitate comparative map-based analyses across a broader array of taxa within the Asteraceae.
Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer at the bedside: Role of the medical oncologist

Purpose: To provide practical considerations for diagnosing, counseling, and managing patients at high risk for hereditary breast cancer. Design: We have studied 98 extended hereditary breast cancer (HBC)/hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) families with BRCA1/2 germline mutations. From these families, 1,315 individuals were counseled and sampled for DNA testing. Herein, 716 of these individuals received their DNA test results in concert with genetic counseling. Several challenging pedigrees were selected from Creighton University’s hereditary cancer family registry, as well as one family from Evanston/Northwestern Healthcare, to be discussed in this present report. Results: Many obstacles were identified in diagnosis, counseling, and managing patients at high risk for HBC/HBOC. These obstacles were early noncancer death of key relatives, perception of insurance or employment discrimination, fear, anxiety, apprehension, reduced gene penetrance, and poor compliance. Other important issues such as physi...
The Archaeology of City‐States: Cross Cultural Approaches

The Archaeology of City-States: Cross Cultural Approaches. Deborah L. Nichols and Thomas H. Charlton. eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997. 335 pp.
The effects of Cu doping in eutectic PbSn solder balls on ENIG substrates

Eutectic (63Sn-37Pb) solder balls were doped at varying levels of copper up to 2.0 wt% to determine the effect on the strength of the ball to substrate bond. The test vehicles were fully assembled packages with the Cu-doped solder balls reflowed on electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) substrates. Focus is placed on the analysis of the various intermetallic compounds (IMC). SEM and EDX were used to determine the IMC growth rates and compositional analysis as devices were aged up to 1000 hours at 150/spl deg/C. Ball shear and ball pull tests were performed to determine the effects of the copper dopants as compared to the standard eutectic solder at the component level. 4-point flex testing was employed to determine the dopant's effectiveness in improving ENIG brittle fracture failures.
Value of Local Cash Reuse: Inventory Models for Medium-Size Depository Institutions Under the New Federal Reserve Policy

The effective local reuse of physical cash by depository institutions (DIs) is the primary goal of the new cash recirculation policy of the Federal Reserve System (Fed) of the United States. These guidelines, implemented since July 2007, encourage the reuse of cash by (i) penalizing a DI for the practice of cross shipping, the near-simultaneous deposit of used cash to---and withdrawal of fit cash from---the Fed; and (ii) offering a custodial inventory program that enables a DI to transfer fit cash to the Fed's books, but physically hold it within the DI's secured facility. The effective management of the inventory of cash under these new guidelines is both a challenging and important issue for DIs. We introduce two new multiperiod models---designed specifically to capture the operations of a medium-size DI---that emerge from the DI's objective to minimize the total cost incurred in managing the inventory of cash over a finite planning horizon. The Basic Model (BM) captures the DI's mode of operations if it chooses not to locally reuse cash and, instead, incur the cross-shipping penalty. Using two important structural properties, we provide a polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm for BM. The Reuse Model (RM) represents the DI's actions when it locally recirculates cash. We first prove the hardness of RM and then develop an integer programming formulation. A comprehensive test bed---based on our interaction with a leading secure-logistics provider---helps us to develop several useful insights into the relative impacts of the DI-specific parameters and the Fed's cross-shipping fee on the effective management of cash. In particular, we show that the Value of Local Reuse for a DI, measured as the percentage cost saving between the optimal solutions of BM and RM, is substantial, and we analyze the forces that influence the volume of cross shipping. We also develop a rolling-horizon procedure to adapt the optimal solutions of BM and RM for obtaining near-optimal real-time solutions in the presence of a modest amount of uncertainty. Finally, we provide a comparative analysis of a DI's decisions under the Fed's mechanism and those under a socially optimal mechanism.
Grammatical gender and gender identity development: cross cultural and cross lingual implications.

Conceptual problems confronting research relating language and cognition are examined, focusing on the relationship of linguistic gender to gender identity as a personality construct. A research strategy, combining psycholinguistic considerations and developmental concepts is proposed, to provide an empirical test of the influence of native language on individual maturation.
Avian use of solid waste transfer stations

Abstract Transfer stations are an important component of modern solid waste management systems. Solid waste management facilities (e.g., landfills) are very attractive to and used by many birds, resulting in a variety of health and safety problems, including disease transmission to humans and increased risk of wildlife–aircraft collisions. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration recommends municipal solid waste management facilities (e.g., landfills, transfer stations) not be sited within 8 km of an airport. Little information is available regarding the attractiveness of transfer stations to birds or the factors that might influence avian use, particularly on a national scale. The objectives of my study were to: (1) quantify avian use of transfer stations, (2) determine if building design features influence their attractiveness to birds, and (3) determine if other factors (e.g., season, geographic location, operational procedures) influence bird use. Twenty-nine waste transfer facilities and 4 control sites, located in 7 states (representative of various U.S. geographical regions) were studied. Avian abundance and activity was quantified at each facility and control site twice per week for one year. Nuisance bird species commonly observed using transfer stations (e.g., feeding on refuse) included gulls, European starlings, and crows. Patterns of wildlife use at transfer stations varied by season, geographic location, transfer station building design, and on-site management characteristics. Overall, this study demonstrates that wildlife use of transfer stations, particularly by nuisance birds, can be substantial.
Looking for Darwin in all the wrong places: the misguided quest for positive selection at the nucleotide sequence level

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in evidence for positive Darwinian selection at the molecular level. This quest has been hampered by the use of statistical methods that fail adequately to rule out alternative hypotheses, particularly the relaxation of purifying selection and the effects of population bottlenecks, during which the effectiveness of purifying selection is reduced. A further problem has been the assumption that positive selection will generally involve repeated amino-acid changes to a single protein. This model was derived from the case of the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex (MHC), but the MHC proteins are unusual in being involved in protein–protein recognition and in a co-evolutionary process of pathogens. There is no reason to suppose that repeated amino-acid changes to a single protein are involved in selectively advantageous phenotypes in general. Rather adaptive phenotypes are much more likely to result from other causes, including single amino-acid changes; deletion or silencing of genes or changes in the pattern of gene expression.
Perinatal Experiences of Somali Couples in the United States

ABSTRACT Objective To explore the perspectives of Somali couples on care and support received during the perinatal period in the United States. Design Descriptive phenomenology. Setting A private room at the participants’ homes or community center. Participants Forty‐eight immigrant women and men from Somalia (26 women and 22 men) who arrived in the United States within the past 5 years and had a child or children born in their homelands or refugee camps and at least one child born in the United States. All of the participants resided in the Pacific Northwest. Methods Semistructured individual interviews, interviews with couples, and a follow‐up phone interview. Colaizzi's method guided the research process. Results Data analysis revealed an overarching theme of Navigating through the conflicting values, beliefs, understandings and expectations that infiltrated the experiences captured by the three subthemes: (a) Feeling vulnerable, uninformed, and misunderstood , (b) Longing for unconditional respect and acceptance and (c) Surviving and thriving as the recipients of health care . Conclusions Integration of new Somali immigrant couples into the Western health care system can present many challenges. The perinatal experience for new Somali immigrant couples is complicated by cultural and language barriers, limited access to resources, and commonly, an exclusion of husbands from prenatal education and care. Nurses and other health care providers can play an important role in the provision of services that integrate Somali women and men into the plan of care and consider their culture‐based expectations to improve childbirth outcomes.
Raman spectra of L-alanine oligomers.

The Raman spectra have been obtained of di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-L-alanine in the solid state. Raman spectra of the dimer and trimer in aqueous solution are also reported. The oligomers of alanine exist as zwitterions in the solid state and aqueous solution. Spectral differences between the dipeptide, and other oligomers arise primarily from the conformationally sensitive amide modes. The dipeptide exists as a nonplanar structure in the solid state and the other oligomere as β conformations. Comparison of Raman spectra of tri-L-alanine in the solid state and in aqueous solution suggests a conformational change to a random coil upon dissolution.
Microwave Absorption by Magnetite: A Possible Mechanism for Coupling Nonthermal Levels of Radiation to Biological Systems

The presence of trace amounts of biogenic magnetite (Fe_3O_4) in animal and human tissues and the observation that ferromagnetic particles are ubiquitous in laboratory materials (including tissue culture media) provide a physical mechanism through which microwave radiation might produce or appear to produce biological effects. Magnetite is an excellent absorber of microwave radiation at frequencies between 0.5 and 10.0 GHz through the process of ferromagnetic resonance, where the magnetic vector of the incident field causes precession of Bohr magnetons around the internal demagnetizing field of the crystal. Energy absorbed by this process is first transduced into acoustic vibrations at the microwave carrier frequency within the crystal lattice via the magnetoacoustic effect; then, the energy should be dissipated in cellular structures in close proximity to the magnetite crystals. Several possible methods for testing this hypothesis experimentally are discussed. Studies of microwave dosimetry at the cellular level should consider effects of biogenic magnetite.
Comparative Resistance of Russian and Italian Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to Small Hive Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

ABSTRACT To compare resistance to small hive beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) between Russian and commercial Italian honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), the numbers of invading beetles, their population levels through time and small hive beetle reproduction inside the colonies were monitored. We found that the genotype of queens introduced into nucleus colonies had no immediate effect on small hive beetle invasion. However, the influence of honey bee stock on small hive beetle invasion was pronounced once test bees populated the hives. In colonies deliberately freed from small hive beetle during each observation period, the average number of invading beetles was higher in the Italian colonies (29 ± 5 beetles) than in the Russian honey bee colonies (16 ± 3 beetles). A similar trend was observed in colonies that were allowed to be freely colonized by beetles throughout the experimental period (Italian, 11.46 ± 1.35; Russian, 5.21 ± 0.66 beetles). A linear regression analysis showed no relationships between t...
Green abalone, Haliotis fulgens infected with the agent of withering syndrome do not express disease signs under a temperature regime permissive for red abalone, Haliotis rufescens

All California abalone species have been shown to be susceptible to infection with the bacterial agent of abalone withering syndrome (WS), although expression of signs of the disease may vary between species and with environmental conditions. We examined thermal modulation of WS expression in green abalone Haliotis fulgens at temperatures mimicking El Nino (18.0°C) and La Nina (14.2°C) events in southern California. In contrast to results obtained from previous experiments with red abalone, H. rufescens, the higher temperature did not result in higher infection intensities of the causative agent of the disease nor increase in clinical signs of disease. These results demonstrate clear differences in thermal regulation of disease expression between abalone species, and provide further data suggesting that green abalone should be a target species of recovery efforts in southern California, where WS is endemic.
CD8+ T-cells count in acute myocardial infarction in HIV disease in a predominantly male cohort.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus- (HIV-) infected persons have a higher risk for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than HIV-uninfected persons. Earlier studies suggest that HIV viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, and antiretroviral therapy are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Whether CD8+ T-cell count is associated with CVD risk is not clear. We investigated the association between CD8+ T-cell count and incident AMI in a cohort of 73,398 people (of which 97.3% were men) enrolled in the U.S. Veterans Aging Cohort Study-Virtual Cohort (VACS-VC). Compared to uninfected people, HIV-infected people with high baseline CD8+ T-cell counts (>1065 cells/mm3) had increased AMI risk (adjusted HR=1.82, P<0.001, 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.28). There was evidence that the effect of CD8+ T-cell tertiles on AMI risk differed by CD4+ T-cell level: compared to uninfected people, HIV-infected people with CD4+ T-cell counts≥200 cells/mm3 had increased AMI risk with high CD8+ T-cell count, while those with CD4+ T-cell counts<200 cells/mm3 had increased AMI risk with low CD8+ T-cell count. CD8+ T-cell counts may add additional AMI risk stratification information beyond that provided by CD4+ T-cell counts alone.
Inferring activity changes of transcription factors by binding association with sorted expression profiles

The identification of transcription factors (TFs) associated with a biological process is fundamental to understanding its regulatory mechanisms. From microarray data, however, the activity changes of TFs often cannot be directly observed due to their relatively low expression levels, post-transcriptional modifications, and other complications. Several approaches have been proposed to infer TF activity changes from microarray data. In some models, a linear relationship between gene expression and TF-gene binding strength is assumed. In some other models, the target genes of a TF are first determined by a significance cutoff to binding affinity scores, and then expression differentiation is checked between the target and other genes. We propose a novel method, referred to as BASE (binding association with sorted expression), to infer TF activity changes from microarray expression profiles with the help of binding affinity data. It searches the maximum association between bind affinity profile of a TF and expression change profile along the direction of sorted differentiation. The method does not make hard target gene selection, rather, the significances of TF activity changes are evaluated by permutation tests of binding association at the end. To show the effectiveness of this method, we apply it to three typical examples using different kinds of binding affinity data, namely, ChIP-chip data, motif discovery data, and positional weighted matrix scanning data, respectively. The implications obtained from all three examples are consistent with established biological results. Moreover, the inferences suggest new and biological meaningful hypotheses for further investigation. The proposed method makes transcription inference from profiles of expression and binding affinity. The same machinery can be used to deal with various kinds of binding affinity data. The method does not require a linear assumption, and has the desirable property of scale-invariance with respect to TF-specific binding affinity. This method is easy to implement and can be routinely applied for transcriptional inferences in microarray studies.
A landmark publication in movement disorders

I went to do a fellowship with David Marsden in July 1975, after finishing my neurology residency, because I was fascinated by the work that he was doing together with Pat Merton and Bert Morton on the long-latency stretch reflex. This was landmark work that laid the groundwork for reflex loops that involved the brain, much beyond the spinal reflexes of Sherrington. Sherrington’s work was primarily in the spinalized cat; therefore, he could not appreciate that some reflexes might involve higher centres. The long-latency stretch reflexes required not only an intact nervous system but also a voluntary background contraction. Pat Merton was a physiologist who had been studying how movement might be controlled by feedback mechanisms and the long-latency reflexes seemed appropriate for the task. Bert Morton was a clever engineer who built the equipment that was housed in a special laboratory at the National Hospital in Queen Square. The three Ms would get together, often on the weekend, to do their experiments, typically with Pat or David as the experimental subject. Pat was a meticulous experimenter. In one experiment that I conducted with him, he corrected his reaction time to auditory stimulation taking into account the speed of sound from the speaker on one side of the room to his ear. It was likely that David, the neurologist of the group, recognized that hyperexcitability of the long loop might be responsible for certain forms of myoclonus. They spent considerable time studying the myoclonus of a single patient with post-hypoxic myoclonus. They collected huge amounts of data and David wanted to publish them, but Pat, being typically meticulous, did not allow it, as he wanted to make sure that the calibration of the data was correct; they could never finish the calibration, and the article was never published. There is …
Successful strategies for sustainability in China and the global market economy

This paper is about the perceptions of 30 Chinese executives who are working for 20 foreign multinational enterprises in China about their corporate social responsibility programmes in China. It is based on the author’s extensive literature review, five years’ field work in China, Japan, and the USA, and personal reflections. There are two common problems of sustainability of foreign multinational enterprises in China: profit at the expense of innovation and integration in daily operations, and corporate social responsibility programmes are politicised for government relationships. Only two exemplary companies learned how to adopt the Chinese way of sustainability by increasing the Chinese Government’s capacity in the public service sector. There were six recommended strategies of sustainability: increase localisation, enhance the capacity of selected local suppliers, develop collaborative capacity with internal employees and external stakeholders, use a public-private platform to lobby the Chinese Government, change the poor consumers to be producers, and develop an internal culture of human flourishing based on sustainability concept.
Who Are the Bright Children? The Cultural Context of Being and Acting Intelligent:

In the United States as well as in much of the developed world, many of us tend to take for granted that children who do well on teacher-made and standardized tests are intelligent. But different cultures have different views of intelligence, so which children are considered intelligent may vary from one culture to another. Moreover, the acts that constitute intelligent behavior may vary from one culture to another. Whether teachers take into account the differences in conceptions of who is intelligent and who acts intelligently can also affect how well students learn. This article describes how culture influences what constitutes intelligence, intelligent acts, and intelligent teaching.
Feeding, fins and braking maneuvers: locomotion during prey capture in centrarchid fishes.

SUMMARY Locomotion is an integral aspect of the prey capture strategy of almost every predatory animal. For fishes that employ suction to draw prey into their mouths, locomotor movements are vital for the correct positioning of the mouth relative to the prey item. Despite this, little is known regarding the relationships between locomotor movements and prey capture. To gain insights into how fishes move during prey capture and the mechanisms underlying deceleration during prey capture, I measured the fin and body movements of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides , and bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus . Using a high-speed video camera (500 frames s -1 ), I captured locomotor and feeding movements in lateral and ventral ( via a mirror) view. Largemouth bass swam considerably faster than bluegill during the approach to the prey item, and both species decelerated substantially following prey capture. The mean magnitude of deceleration was significantly higher in largemouth bass (-1089 cm s -2 ) than bluegill (-235 cm s -2 ), and the timing of maximum deceleration was much later for largemouth bass (30.3 ms after maximum gape) than bluegill (6.7 ms after maximum gape). Both species employed their pectoral, anal and caudal fins in order to decelerate during prey capture. However, largemouth bass protracted their pectoral fins more and faster, likely contributing to the greater magnitude of deceleration in the species. The primary mechanism for increased deceleration was an increase in approach speed. The drag forces experienced by the fins and body are proportional to the velocity of the flow squared. Thus, the braking forces exerted by fins, without any change in kinematics, will increase exponentially with small increases in swimming speed, perhaps allowing these fishes to achieve higher braking forces at higher swimming speeds without altering body or fin kinematics. This result can likely be extended to other maneuvers such as turning.
Pore-scale investigation of mass transport and electrochemistry in a solid oxide fuel cell anode

The development and validation of a model for the study of pore-scale transport phenomena and electrochemistry in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) anode are presented in this work. This model couples mass transport processes with a detailed reaction mechanism, which is used to model the electrochemical oxidation kinetics. Detailed electrochemical oxidation reaction kinetics, which is known to occur in the vicinity of the three-phase boundary (TPB) interfaces, is discretely considered in this work. The TPB regions connect percolating regions of electronic and ionic conducting phases of the anode, nickel (Ni) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), respectively; with porous regions supporting mass transport of the fuel and product. A two-dimensional (2D), multi-species lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to describe the diffusion process in complex pore structures that are representative of the SOFC anode. This diffusion model is discretely coupled to a kinetic electrochemical oxidation mechanism using localized flux boundary conditions. The details of the oxidation kinetics are prescribed as a function of applied activation overpotential and the localized hydrogen and water mole fractions. This development effort is aimed at understanding the effects of the anode microstructure within TPB regions. This work describes the methods used so that future studies can consider the details of SOFC anode microstructure.
A PROPERTY-SHARING CONSTRAINT IN CENTERING

A constraint is proposed in the Centering approach to pronoun resolution in discourse. This "property-sharing" constraint requires that two pronominal expressions that retain the same Cb across adjacent utterances share a certain common grammatical property. This property is expressed along the dimension of the grammatical function SUBJECT for both Japanese and English discourses, where different pronominal forms are primarily used to realize the Cb. It is the zero pronominal in Japanese, and the (unstressed) overt pronoun in English. The resulting constraint complements the original Centering, accounting for its apparent violations and providing a solution to the interpretation of multi-pronominal utterances. It also provides an alternative account of anaphora interpretation that appears to be due to structural parallelism. This reconciliation of centering/focusing and parallelism is a major advantage. I will then add another dimension called the "speaker identification" to the constraint to handle a group of special cases in Japanese discourse. It indicates a close association between centering and th speaker's viewpoint, and sheds light on what underlies the effect of perception reports on pronoun resolution in general. These results, by drawing on facts in two very different languages, demonstrate the cross-linguistic applicability of the centering framework.
Comments on "Improved bounds for linear discrete-time systems with structured perturbations"

In this note we clarify a few issues that are not addressed in the above paper by X. Niu (ibid. vol.37, p.1170-3 (1992)) to expand the applications of its results. >
A PERMUTATION-BASED ESTIMATOR FOR MONOTONE INDEX MODELS

This paper shows that the finite-dimensional parameters of a monotone-index model can be estimated by minimizing an objective function based on sorting the data. The key observation guiding this procedure is that the sum of distances between pairs of adjacent observations is minimized (over all possible permutations) when the observations are sorted by their values. The resulting estimator is a generalization of Cavanagh and Sherman's monotone rank estimator (MRE) (Cavanagh and Sherman, 1998, Journal of Econometrics 84, 351–381) and does not require a bandwidth choice. The estimator is null -consistent and asymptotically normal with a consistently estimable covariance matrix. This least-squares estimator can also be used to estimate monotone-index panel data models. A Monte Carlo study is presented where the proposed estimator is seen to dominate the MRE in terms of mean-squared error and mean absolute deviation.
Synthesis of 1,2-3H-oeoxycorticosterone azidoformate

An efficient synthesis of 1,2-3H-deoxycorticosterone azido-formate from 1,2-3H-deoxyaorticorterone via the chloroformate, adaptable to microgram quantities, is described.