cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does adviser mentoring add value? A longitudinal study of mentoring and doctoral student outcomes

This study of the impact of doctoral adviser mentoring on student outcomes was undertaken in response to earlier research that found (a) students with greater incoming potential received more adviser mentoring, and (b) adviser mentoring did not significantly contribute to important student outcomes, including research productivity [Green, S. G., and Bauer, T. N. (1995). Personnel Psychology 48(3): 537--561]. In this longitudinal study spanning 5 1/2 years, the effect of mentorship on the research productivity, career commitment, and self-efficacy of Ph.D. students in the ‘hard’ sciences was assessed, while controlling for indicators of ability and attitudes at program entry. Positive benefits of mentoring were found for subsequent productivity and self-efficacy. Mentoring was not significantly associated with commitment to a research career.
The ecology and evolution of seaweed-herbivore interactions on coral reefs

Because seaweeds grow rapidly and are easy to manipulate, they have provided a wealth of information on how consumers affect coral reef community organization. Herbivory is the dominant force affecting the distribution and abundance of reef seaweeds, with seaweed morphology, structure, chemistry, and competitive ability often being a function of herbivory by fishes and larger invertebrates. Seaweeds that deter these herbivores become the favored living sites and foods of smaller, less mobile mesograzers that derive protection from consumers by associating with defended hosts. Host specialization reduces mesograzer susceptibility to predation through crypsis, sequestration of chemical defenses, and reduction of encounters with consumers. Mesograzers can serve as either pests or mutualists, depending on their feeding behavior and how it affects the host. Some mesograzers protect hosts from competitors while others attack hosts, causing induction of chemical defenses. More limited studies of corals and sponges parallel findings for seaweeds.
Serum lysozyme activity can differentiate infection from rejection in organ transplant recipients.

Background. The presentation of infection in immunocompromised patients can be subtle. Patients often undergo extensive testing and empiric treatment for rejection and infection while awaiting the results of the biopsy and culture results. Delay in diagnosis of either entity can result in a worse clinical outcome. Lysozyme activity has been found to be both a sensitive and a specific marker for infection in laboratory animals and trauma patients. Our goal was to determine whether lysozyme activity could serve as a reliable marker for infection in immunocompromised organ transplant recipients. Methods. Transplant recipients from three clinical categories were enrolled in this study. Group 1 (n = 16) were patients hospitalized for sepsis (culture-positive), and Group 2 (n = 13) for biopsy-proven rejection. Group 3 (n = 51) were recipients who had routine blood sampling in the clinic. In Groups 1 and 2, blood was collected within 24 h of hospital admission and centrifuged, and serum samples were stored at 80°C until processing. Lysozyme activity was assayed by turbidimetric measurement on a sample of a standard suspension (0.15 mg/ml) of Micrococcus lysodeikticus in buffer using a spectrophotometer to read the optical density at 450 nm. The lysozyme activity level was then determined by the measuring activity at 1 min subtracted from activity at 4 min. White blood cell count was determined by using a flow cytometer. Statistical comparisons between groups were made using paired Student's t test. Results. Serum lysozyme was found to be significantly elevated in Group 1; the mean level of activity was 60.1 ± 13 (P < 0.05) compared to the level of activity in Group 2, mean 41.1 ± 11, and Group 3, mean 40.8 ± 13. A level of 45 units of activity/ml of serum or above indicated infection and not rejection in the patients admitted to the hospital. Conclusions. These findings indicate that the lysozyme activity assay appears to be useful in differentiating infection from rejection in transplant recipients.
A statistical model of instantaneous point and disk sources with applications to oceanographic observations

In general, a space distribution of particles within water, or of properties of the water, may be considered as resulting from the movements of small objects from some known or hypothetical initial position. Such displacements are regarded as the resultant of a large number of small positive or negative movements following probability laws. In the one-dimensioned case, the frequency of a resultant displacement x and the standard deviation of the positions of the moving objects are derived from a limiting form of the binomial series. This statistical equation is analogous to the solution of the differential equation of diffusion in one dimension from an initial concentration on a plane perpendicular to the x-axis. The constants in this differential equation of diffusion may be equated to the corresponding parameters of the statistical equation, thus providing a statistical interpretation of the diffusion equation. These results are generalized to the familiar two-dimensioned instantaneous point source problem. Later this is generalized to a disk source. Various applications of these solutions are made to observations of drift bottles in the sea and to temperature, salinity, and plankton concentration in certain stagnant areas of the sea, associated with large horizontal eddies. The diffusion coefficients thus obtained from concentrations changing with time, the dynamic case, agree well with those derived from a steady state corresponding to an assumed equilibrium between advection and diffusion at the boundary between water masses of different properties.
THE GLOBAL STRUCTURE OF CONSTANT MEAN-CURVATURE SURFACES

In a recent ground-breaking paper Kapouleas constructed this century's first examples of complete, finite topology, properly embedded surfaces with (non-zero) constant mean curvature [Ka l ] . Geometrically these surfaces are quite easy to visualize, as we explain below.The purpose of the present paper is to characterize the extent to which Kapouleas ' examples are typical of all embedded constant mean curvature surfaces. First, and throughout this paper, we scale space so that the (constant) mean curvature (the trace of the second fundamental form) of our surface L" is identically one, and we call such a surface an MC1 surface. The only complete embedded MC1 surfaces of finite topology known before Kapouleas ' work arise from the 1parameter family of axially-symmetric (and periodic) examples found by Delaunay in 1841: Using the maximum axial radius R of such a surface as a parameter, this family begins with the cylinder (R = 1), and evolves through embedded, periodic surfaces until the family degenerates to a linear chain of touching spheres (R = 2); the Delaunay family continues for all R > 2 as periodic immersions. Kapouleas ' construction of embedded surfaces begins with a piecewise linear graph in R 3, having the property that edges are either finite segments (with length a multiple of 4) or half-infinite rays, and with the further property that at each vertex some linear combination of their direction vectors, with positive coefficients, adds to zero. (See Fig. 1.) He constructs an approximate solution to the problem by centering radius R = 2 spheres at all vertices, and connecting these smoothly by Delaunay segments having R < 2 (but near 2) with axes along the graph-edges. (Since the periods of the Delaunay surfaces are slightly longer than 4, he must assume also a "flexibility" condition on the graph, to guarantee that such a gluing
Membrane solvation as a basis for ionic selectivity.

Abstract Replacement of hydration energy by solvation energy in the membrane matrix offers a reasonable alternative to charge-charge interaction as a basis for ionic discrimination by cell membranes. Both the order of magnitude of selectivities and the activation energies are suitable. However, agreement with experimental selectivity orders requires some additional postulate, such as the adjustment of partition terms by mobility ratios. In this sense, further work on the model is required.
Symmetry-Breaking Effects on Singularities of Multichannel Amplitudes near Thresholds

The effects of the breaking of an internal symmetry on the singularities of the scattering matrix, especially near thresholds, is discussed in terms of the $K$-matrix formalism. It is shown that, in first order in the symmetry-breaking coupling constant, the $K$ matrix transforms like the symmetry-breaking Hamiltonian. This result provides a justification for the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula for narrow resonances with nonzero orbital angular momentum. The position of poles in different sheets of the energy Riemann surface and their displacement with the symmetry-breaking parameter is investigated in detail, particularly for $s$ waves. The specific case of baryon-baryon scattering in the triplet $s\ensuremath{-}d$ states is discussed using a potential model with broken ${\mathrm{SU}}_{3}$ symmetry. On the basis of information from low-energy $np$ scattering and $\ensuremath{\Lambda}p$ final-state interaction we suggest that a resonance probably exists in the $I=1$, $\ensuremath{\Xi}N$ system, below the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ threshold. The Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula would have placed the resonance close to the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ threshold.
Impact of Growing Up with a Chronically Ill Sibling on Well Siblings' Late Adolescent Functioning

The purpose of this study was to explore the continuing impact of growing up with an ill sibling on well siblings' late adolescent functioning. Forty late adolescents (, ), who identified themselves as growing up with an ill sibling, completed a semistructured interview, demographic questionnaire, Personality Assessment Screener, and My Feelings and Concerns Sibling Questionnaire. Participants reported clinically significant problems on some PAS scales, and gender differences were found for acting out and alienation. Significant relationships were reported for communication and social withdrawal and alienation. Both positive and negative themes about the experience were elicited from the responses in the semistructured interview. This study provides evidence for some lingering negative effects of growing up with an ill sibling on well siblings' late adolescent functioning. Additionally, evidence for siblings' development of positive characteristics that may act as protective variables as they face the stressors of late adolescence was also highlighted.
(2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline(4-nitrobenzoate): Strong Induction of Stereoelectronic Effects via a Readily Synthesized Proline Derivative. Crystallographic Observation of a Correlation between Torsion Angle and Bond Length in a Hyperconjugative Interaction

(2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline(4-nitrobenzoate) was synthesized. The crystal structure revealed an exo ring pucker, with the nitrobenzoate pseudoaxial on the pyrrolidine envelope and antiperiplanar to Cβ and Cδ C–H bonds. The unit cell exhibited variation in Cδ–H/Cγ–O and Cβ–H/Cγ–O torsion angles, with a 15° increase in torsion angle (148° to 163°) observed to result in a 0.018 A decrease in Cδ–H/Cγ–O bond length, consistent with favorable σC–H → σ*C–O hyperconjugative interactions increasing with greater orbital overlap.
Recent Trends in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Evolving technologies have resulted in an increase in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Currently, robotic systems allow surgeons to perform a variety of procedures through small incisions. This changing paradigm is reviewed.
Dependency analysis of Ada programs

1. ABSTRACT The working hypothesis of this paper has been the belief that Software Testing and Analysis (STA) methods should be integrated around a common conceptual framework. An analysis of two potential candidates for such a framework, Program Dependencies and Information Flow relations, shows that the ideal framework should posses the mathematical elegance of the flow relations and the generality of program dependencies. However, program dependencies have originally been formulated for compiler optimization and their uncritical use in software engineering is lacking. Therefore, modifications to the original dependencies have been proposed in this paper. They include partial vs. total definitions of Ada arrays, new concept of reaching definitions, potential Vs guaranteed dependencies, interprocedural dependencies, and an explanation feature that helps the user understand the reasons for the generated reports. It has been shown how the modified model can support descriptive and proscriptive (e.g. anomalies) queries about the program and, due to the clear separation of control flow from data flow and the lack of language restrictions, they are potentially applicable to a wider class of STA methods, including dynamic (execution-based) analysis. Also, Path Analysis, a novel method for the identification of dependencies along individual program paths has been proposed. It has been shown that path analysis offers a more accurate model for procedure calls, allows one to detect otherwise undetectable data flow anomalies and can serve as a vehicle for the analysis of error creation and propagation in testing and debugging.
Transformation of phosphomolybdic acid into an active catalyst with potential application in coal liquefaction

Abstract Since phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) is known to be transformed into an active catalyst for liquefying coal and converting the residual product to distillate material, its conversion under conditions similar to those used in liquefaction has been investigated. The form of active catalyst formed from PMA under conditions of liquefaction is unknown. This paper reports the reaction of PMA observed in He, H2 and H2S–H2 at temperatures up to 450°C. PMA is stable in both He and H2 up to 200°C. However, when H2S is present, sulfur is incorporated rapidly into the structure. The amount of incorporated sulfur increases both with temperature and exposure to H2S. At temperatures up to 300°C, the maximum incorporation of sulfur was approximately 5 wt.% to give a material having a S/Mo atomic ratio of 0.27. Exposure to a large excess of H2S did not further increase incorporation of sulfur. At 450°C, which is the temperature required for liquefaction of coal, approximately 20 wt.% sulfur was incorporated to give a S/Mo atomic ratio of 0.88. In this sample, the remaining oxygen was present as P2O3. IR and Raman spectra showed the presence of MoS2, although insufficient sulfur was present to completely convert Mo to its disulfide. When H2S is present, even at 125–150°C, the crystalline structure collapses destroying the Keggin structure. The rate of sulfur addition to PMA is much faster for MoO3, than for MoO2.
The Ghrelin Agonist RM-131 Accelerates Gastric Emptying of Solids and Reduces Symptoms in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background & Aims RM-131, a synthetic ghrelin agonist, greatly accelerates gastric emptying of solids in patients with type 2 diabetes and delayed gastric emptying (DGE). We investigated the safety and effects of a single dose of RM-131 on gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with type 1 diabetes and previously documented DGE. Methods In a double-blind cross-over study, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes (age, 45.7 ± 4.4 y; body mass index, 24.1 ± 1.1 kg/m 2 ) and previously documented DGE were assigned in random order to receive a single dose of RM-131 (100 μg, subcutaneously) or placebo. Thirty minutes later, they ate a radiolabeled solid–liquid meal containing EggBeaters (ConAgra Foods, Omaha, NE), and then underwent 4 hours of gastric emptying and 6 hours of colonic filling analyses by scintigraphy. Upper GI symptoms were assessed using a daily diary, gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (total GCSI-DD) and a combination of nausea, vomiting, fullness, and pain (NVFP) scores (each rated on a 0−5 scale). Results At screening, participants' mean level of hemoglobin A1c was 9.1% ± 0.5%; their total GCSI-DD score was 1.66 ± 0.38 (median, 1.71), and their total NVFP score was 1.73 ± 0.39 (median, 1.9). The t 1/2 of solid gastric emptying was 84.9 ± 31.6 minutes when subjects were given RM-131 and 118.7 ± 26.7 when they were given a placebo. The median difference (Δ)was 33.9 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] -12, –49), or -54.7% (IQR, -21%,-110%). RM-131 decreased gastric retention of solids at 1 hour ( P = .005) and 2 hours ( P = .019). Numeric differences in t 1/2 for gastric emptying of liquids, solid gastric emptying lag time, and colonic filling at 6 hours were not significant. Total GCSI-DD scores were 0.79 on placebo (IQR, 0.75, 2.08) and 0.17 on RM-131 (IQR, 0.00, 0.67; P = .026); NVFP scores were lower on RM-131 ( P = .041). There were no significant adverse effects. Conclusions RM-131 significantly accelerates gastric emptying of solids and reduces upper GI symptoms in patients with type 1 diabetes and documented DGE. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01394055.
A solution of coupled Einstein-SO(3) gauge field equations

A solution of the coupled Einstein-SO(3) gauge field equations is presented. The solution is shown to have an event horizon. Thus it is a black- hole solution. The existence of this solution indicates that black holes may carry the signature of gauge charge. (AIP)
Optimal Guidance of Aeroassisted Transfer Vehicles Based on Matched Asymptotic Expansions

In this paper we address and clarify a number of issues related to matched asymptotic expansion analysis of skip trajectories or any class of problems that give rise to inner layers that are not associated directly with satisfying boundary conditions. The procedure for matching inner and outer solutions and using the composite solution to satisfy boundary conditions is developed and rigorously followed to obtain a set of algebraic equations for the problem of inclination change with minimum energy loss. Repeated solution of these algebraic equations along the trajectory, treating each current state as an initial state, constitutes a feedback guidance algorithm. The solution is uniformly valid to zero order in an expansion parameter.
A history of the continuously innovative analog integrated circuit

This article chronicles the invention and development of basic analog integrated circuits - basic analog sub-circuits, analog circuit building blocks, and analog circuit functional blocks - that have become standard techniques for analog IC design.
Nephrology consultation in acute renal failure ☆: Does timing matter?

Abstract Purpose Patients who develop acute renal failure in the intensive care unit (ICU) have extremely high rates of mortality and morbidity. The goals of this study were to identify correlates of the timing of nephrology consultation in acute renal failure, and to explore the relation between timing of consultation and outcomes. Methods We explored associations among timing of nephrology consultation and in-hospital mortality, lengths of hospital and ICU stay, and recovery of renal function in 215 ICU patients with acute renal failure at four U.S. teaching hospitals. We used multivariable logistic regression and propensity scores to adjust for confounding and selection effects. Results Nephrology consultation was delayed (≥48 hours) in 61 patients (28%) (median time to consultation, 4 days). Lower serum creatinine levels ( P P = 0.002) were associated with delayed consultation. Delayed consultation was associated with increased mortality among dialyzed (31/42 [74%] vs. 50/103 [49%], P = 0.006) and nondialyzed patients (10/19 [53%] vs. 11/51 [22%], P = 0.01), and increases in lengths of hospital (median, 19 days vs. 16 days, P = 0.01) and ICU stay (17 days vs. 6 days, P Conclusion In acute renal failure, delayed nephrology consultation was associated with increased mortality and morbidity, whether or not dialysis was ultimately required. Using observational data, we cannot determine whether these findings reflect residual confounding, selection bias, adverse effects of delayed recognition of acute renal failure, or the benefits of nephrology consultation.
Effect of Maillard-induced glycosylation on the nutritional quality, solubility, thermal stability and molecular configuration of whey proteinv

Abstract Whey protein isolate (WPI) was subjected to controlled and limited Maillard-induced glycosylation using dextran. Maillard reaction was optimized to promote glycosylation, while minimizing browning and maintaining nutritional quality. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography was used to separate unreacted dextran from unreacted and glycosylated proteins, collectively termed as partially glycosylated whey protein (PGWP). Solubility and thermal stability of PGWP and WPI were compared over a wide range of pH, protein concentrations, and heating temperatures and times. Compared with WPI, PGWP maintained higher solubility and thermal stability at protein concentrations greater than 4.2%, over a wide range of pH, including the pH around the isoelectric point (pI) of whey protein. The enhanced solubility and thermal stability of PGWP was attributed to reduced intermolecular interactions. Several physico-chemical/structural changes, including resistance to denaturation, shift to more acidic pI, reduced surface hydrophobicity, reduced exposure of sulfhydryl groups, and unique glycosylation sites, contributed to the reduced intermolecular interactions.
Sensory nerve crush and regeneration and the receptive fields and response properties of neurons in the primary somatosensory cerebral cortex of cats.

Abstract Extracellular recordings were made of activity evoked in neurons of the forepaw focus of somatosensory cerebral cortex by electrical stimulation of each paw in control cats and cats that had undergone crush injury of all cutaneous sensory nerves to the contralateral forepaw 31 to 63 days previously. Neurons responding only to stimulation of the contralateral forepaw were classified as sa; neurons responding to stimulation of both forepaws were classified as sb; neurons responding to stimulation of both contralateral paws were classified as sc; and neurons responding to stimulation of at least three paws were classified as m. The ratio sa:sb:sc:m neurons was 46:3:0:0 in control cats and 104:15:3:26 in cats that had undergone nerve crush 1–2 months prior to study. sa neurons from experimental cats had depth distributions similar to those in controls and responded to contralateral forepaw stimulation with more spikes per discharge, longer latency, and higher threshold than sa neurons in control cats. m neurons from experimental cats were distributed deeper in the cortex than sa neurons, and, when compared to experimental sa neurons, they responded with longer latency and poorer frequency-following ability; however, the number of spikes per discharge and threshold were not significantly different. The appearance of wide-field neurons in this tissue may be explained in terms of strengthening of previously subthreshold inputs to neurons in the somatosensory system. If the neurons in sensory cortex play a requisite role in cutaneous sensations and if changes similar to those reported here occur and persist in human cortex after nerve crush, then “complete” recovery of sensation in such patients may occur against a background of changed cortical neuronal responsiveness.
Quark cluster model for nuclear matter through variational approach.

As a model for nuclear matter based on quark clustering, we consider a system of fermions carrying color, interacting through a delta-function potential in one dimensional space. The dynamical properties of the system are studied by the variational method as a function of density. We develop a trial wave function for triplet (three-quark) clusters in analogy to the BCS wave function for pairs in the theory of superconductivity. We show that the system consists of a Fermi gas of color-neutral triplet clusters (nucleons) at low density and a Fermi gas of quarks in the limit of high density. The low density result agrees with the exact result derived by the method of the Bethe ansatz through second order in density.
The immunocompromised human host: Diagnosis and treatment.

The immunocompromised human host may be subject to recurrent infection and/or malignant transformation. Signs and symptoms of depressed immunity generally reflect the degree of compromise. The laboratory diagnosis of the immune compromised host is presented. A review is given of the clinical manifestations and appropriate current therapy.
Role of angiotensin in the congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in the mouse and the human

Role of angiotensin in kidney and urinary tract congenital anomalies in the mouse and the human. The role of angiotensin in fluid and electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis is well known. Recent developments indicate that angiotensin has a profound role not only in the developing urinary tract but also in the response of the urinary tract to specific noxious stimuli. Furthermore, the role of angiotensin II and its receptor has been understood quite poorly with respect to the developing renal unit. Knockout mice for the ATR2 gene show a significant incidence of congenital urinary tract anomalies. The congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) seen in these mice are very similar to the anomalies observed in humans. This has been supported further by the finding of an abnormality in the genetic sequence in patients with CAKUT. This article reviews experimental laboratory data as well as the potential implications for humans.
Harmonious World and China’s Foreign Economic Policy: Features, Implications, and Challenges

Analysts oddly have neglected the foreign economic implications of China’s harmonious world and harmonious society doctrines. This article specifies the foreign economic policy effects of both, collectively termed harmonious world plus (HWP). It shows that HWP implies China’s continued integration into the global economic system, acceptance of the extant international economic order, and backing for increased cooperation and exchange, provided it is mutually beneficial. It further demonstrates that HWP implies support for global development, self-reliance, and multilateralism. Beyond this, the study reveals that HWP is likely to influence China’s interactions with international economic institutions, foreign investors, and its international resource dealings. Generally speaking, this article shows that China is making progress adhering to most of the tenets of HWP, though there are some areas for concern. It also reveals that convergences and divergences between HWP and China’s actual policies are attributable to national interests, China’s limited capabilities, and domestic politics.
γ-Poly(glutamic acid) formation by Bacillus licheniformis 9945a: physiological and biochemical studies

Abstract Cryogenically frozen vegetative cells of Bacillus licheniformis 9945a derived from young mucoid colonies were used to inoculate γ-poly(glutamate) (γ-PGA) production media containing l -glutamate, citrate and glycerol as carbon sources. A gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method was developed to determine γ-PGA volumetric yield and molecular weight directly using culture filtrates. For GPC volumetric yield measurements, a calibration curve was generated using purified γ-PGA to relate the γ-PGA GPC peak area and polymer weight. Purified γ-PGA was characterized by elemental analysis, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Cultures of B. licheniformis using all three carbon sources showed the following characteristics: cell growth mainly during the first 24 h; largest γ-PGA volumetric productivity (∼0.12 gl−1 h−1) between 48 and 96 h; 11 gl−1 γ-PGA volumetric yield by 96 h; reduction (utilization) of glycerol, glutamate and citrate during a 96 h cultivation time from 80 to 45 gl−1, 18 to 10 gl−1 and 12 to ∼1 gl−1, respectively; a decrease in pH from 7.4 to ∼5.5 by 42 h cultivation; acetic acid secretion into the medium at a maximum level of ∼4.5 gl−1 and detection of the metabolite 2,3-butanediol (as acetoin) as a fermentation by-product at ∼42 h and through a 96 h cultivation period. The presence of 2,3-butanediol indicated that the level of oxygen in the medium no longer supported a fully aerobic mode of metabolism. When the medium formulation was altered by removal of either citrate, l -glutamate or glycerol in shake flask experiments where pH was not controlled, 2.3, 9.0 and 4.0 gl−1, respectively, of γ-PGA were formed. Variation of the medium ionic strength by the addition of up to 4% (w/v) NaCl led to the formation of γ-PGA of relatively higher molecular weight but lower volumetric yield. Studies carried out on 5-day-old B. licheniformis cultures suggested that γ-PGA depolymerase is intracellularly located or cell-bound. Culture filtrates showed no significant γ-PGA depolymerase activity.
Klinefelter's syndrome associated with testicular microlithiasis and mediastinal germ-cell neoplasm

Klinefelter's syndrome is a genetic disorder of male sexual differentiation characterized by an XXY karyotype. Although considered a benign condition, it is associated with several types of malignancies, including mediastinal germ-cell neoplasm. In addition, Klinefelter's syndrome has been rarely associated with testicular microlithiasis. Whereas patients with Klinefelter's syndrome have an increased incidence of extragonadal germ-cell neoplasms, patients with testicular microlithiasis have a predisposition to testicular germ-cell neoplasms. To our knowledge, an extragonadal germ-cell neoplasm has not been previously described in association with testicular microlithiasis. We present a patient with 2 unusual conditions, both of which are independently associated with Klinefelter's syndrome: mediastinal germ-cell neoplasm and testicular microlithiasis.
Fatty acid effects on gluconeogenesis in goat, calf and guinea pig hepatocytes☆

1. Regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis by fatty acid was studied in goat, calf and guinea pig hepatocytes. 2. Fatty acid effects on gluconeogenesis were dependent upon species; fatty acid and gluconeogenic substrate. 3. Oleate and octanoate inhibited gluconeogenesis from propionate in guinea pig hepatocytes and stimulated it in goat hepatocytes. 4. Oleate and octanoate markedly inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate in guinea pig hepatocytes whereas octanoate, but not oleate, decreased glucose production from lactate in goat hepatocytes. 5. Effects of fatty acids on gluconeogenesis in calf hepatocytes were similar to goat hepatocytes suggesting control of gluconeogenesis is similar among ruminant species but differs from guinea pigs.
Teaching ocean wave forecasting using computer-generated visualization and animation--Part 2: swell forecasting

This paper, the second of a two-part series, introduces undergraduate students to ocean wave forecasting using interactive computer-generated visualization and animation. Verbal descriptions and two-dimensional illustrations are often insufficient for student comprehension. Fortunately, the introduction of computers in the geosciences provides a tool for addressing this problem. Computer-generated visualization and animation, accompanied by oral explanation, have been shown to be a pedagogical improvement to more traditional methods of instruction. Cartographic science and other disciplines using geographical information systems have been especially aggressive in pioneering the use of visualization and animation, whereas oceanography has not. This paper will focus on the teaching of ocean swell wave forecasting, often considered a difficult oceanographic topic due to the mathematics and physics required, as well as its interdependence on time and space. Several MATLAB® software programs are described and offered to visualize and animate group speed, frequency dispersion, angular dispersion, propagation, and wave height forecasting of deep water ocean swell waves. Teachers may use these interactive visualizations and animations without requiring an extensive background in computer programming. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Preventing Tetanus in Patients with Wounds

Excerpt Two-thirds of recent tetanus cases in this country have followed puncture wounds, lacerations, and crush injuries (1-3). These are the cases that the physician caring for the wounded patien...
Biexciton in magnetic fields

The binding energy and structure of biexcitons in strong magnetic field is investigated using the stochastic variational method. The magnetic field confines the electrons and positrons in a small volume leading to Wigner-crystal like states of particles.
Comparison of the rheological properties of Advantage-S and Replens

The rheological properties of Advantage-S and Replens were measured at body (37°C) and room temperature (25°C) over a range of physiologically relevant shear rates. The viscosity of Replens was found to differ from that of Advantage-S, particularly at room temperature. In addition, the two materials differed in their miscibility with a vaginal fluid simulant.
Insulin and 17β-Estradiol Increase the Intracellular Prolactin Content of GH4C1 Cells*

We investigated the effects of insulin and 17β- estradiol in PRL-producing rat pituitary tumor cells (GH cells) in culture. Incubation with 1.8 × 10-7 M insulin and 1 × 10-9 M estradiol always increased intracellular PRL significantly to a mean of 290% of control levels. Insulin or estradiol alone caused smaller increases in intracellular PRL that were significant in five out of six experiments with insulin and three out of five experiments with estradiol, producing average increases of 150% and 160% of controls, respectively. Combined treatment with insulin and estradiol increased PRL secreted into the medium to 160% of controls, which was smaller than the effect on intracellular PRL. The effects of insulin and estradiol were detectable after 2 –4 days of treatment and were maximal between 6-8 days. The effects were dose dependent; the half-maximal dose of insulin was about 2 × 10-8 M and of estradiol was about 5 ×10-11M. Treatment with both insulin and estradiol increased cellular uptake of [3H]leucine ...
Translumbar repair of a type II endoleak associated with an aorta-to-left renal vein fistula after aortic stent-graft placement

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious medical condition with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Endograft repair of AAAs is a therapy in evolution, but offers promise as a minimally invasive treatment option. Persistent sac pressurization via endoleaks has limited wider application of stent-grafting technology. The present report describes a case of an AAA with rupture into a retroaortic left renal vein that was treated acutely with aortic stent-graft repair. Continued aneurysm enlargement and a large type II endoleak drained by an arteriovenous fistula were subsequently treated via a translumbar approach.
A computer-compatible multichannel event counting and digital recording system

There are various types of event recorders ranging in complexity from simple manual counters to sophisticated digital computers dedicated to logging information associated with specific functions. Between these extremes are single-channel electro­ mechanical counters and multichannel electronic counters with iIIuminescent or printed paper tape readout. The event counting and digital recording system described in this report is intended to fill the gap between these latter devices and dedicated computer systems. It does so at a modest cost (approximately $1,500) and retains compatibility with digital computers for further data reduction.
The realtime interface co-processor multiport/2 adapter

The Realtime Interface Co-Processor Multiport/2 is a programmable, multifunction adapter that extends the processing capabilities of the Personal System/2® and provides a solution to applications with unique communications requirements. Customized for speed and flexibility, the Multiport/2 is fully programmable and supports asynchronous, byte-synchronous, and bit-synchronous protocols on its eight communications ports. This powerful single-slot computer can handle functions that previously required processing by the PS/2®. Microcode on the Multiport/2 provides a real-time multitasking base on which custom applications can be built. This paper describes the Multiport/2, its microcode, system support software, and development tools.
Behavioral implications of Plio-Pleistocene archaeological site structure

Abstract Current classifications of excavated Plio-Pleistocene archaeological distributions (mini-site, maxi-site, on-site, off-site) oversimplify the apparent incompleteness of the excavations and the variability in the vertical and horizontal distributions demonstrated by systematic spatial analysis. An alleged mini-site (FxJj 64) and maxi-site (FxJj 50) at Koobi Fora are illustrative of lithic and faunal distributions contained in consolidated, massive, fine-grained beds having geological evidence of vegetation (including trees), of biogenic and mechanical processes that can destroy internal bedding and vertically displace archaeological pieces, and of irregular paleotopography that can distort archaeological distributions. Horizontal distributions are subdivided into clusters and subclusters that have variable vertical resolution. Vertical distributions of refitted and unrefitted pieces are suggestive that the greater thickness of some distributions relates primarily to the reuse of particular places by hominids after some previously discarded refuse was partially or completely buried and secondarily to bioturbation and other post-depositional processes. Although the lesser thickness of some distributions (or vertical zones thereof) probably relates to the accumulation of refuse on one old land surface (or possibly two), the contents provide converging evidence that refuse accumulated during repeated (discontinuous) episodes of hominid activity. Repetition of hominid activities at particular places and refuse accumulated in clusters and subclusters are attributed in part to the physical characteristics of particular places, including trees that might have attracted hominids especially for refuge (shade, retreat from on-the-ground dangers) and enabled them to engage in activities more safely and unhurriedly than at treeless places. It is urged that Plio-Pleistocene archaeological excavations be deeper and wider and alternative interpretations be considered of each aspect of hominid behavior in developing comprehensive models.
Monitoring toxin uptake in edible fish tissues from Pfiesteria containing waters

Abstract Pfiesteria piscicida, a dinoflagellate first identified in 1988, has been implicated as a causative agent in major fish kills in estuaries of NC and the southeastern United States. A tissue culture assay for the detection and characterization of this toxin(s) has been adapted from standard in vitro bioassays. Using this assay, tissue samples taken from live fish caught during a fish kill were analyzed for the presence of toxin. No apparent effect on cell viability was observed using extracts from croaker, spot, striped mullet, mackerel or perch. Only those extracts of muscle tissue from Atlantic menhaden showed a significant effect in the bioassay. During the summer of 1998, a biweekly monitoring of tissue extracts of bluefish, croaker, pigfish, pinfish, spot, silver perch, southern flounder, summer flounder, weakfish, bay anchovy and menhaden was carried out. Data indicate that only tissue extracts from menhaden containing visible lesions showed a significant effect on the viability of cells in culture.
subcultural evolution? examining the influence of on- and off-line experiences on deviant subcultures

Subcultural research gives significant insight into the ways individuals learn to approve of and justify involvement in crime and deviance. However, most research examines subcultures in either cyberspace or real-world social situations. Few have considered how off-line and online experiences overlap and influence subcultural values and norms. This study addresses this issue by exploring the normative orders of computer hacker subculture with multiple data sets. The findings suggest that the norms and values of hacker subculture cut across the digital divide to shape relationships between hackers in virtual and real situations. Implications for future research are also discussed.
Atomistic simulations with slip boundary conditions

Dynamical variables are incorporated into Parrinello-Rahman simulations that allow for slipping of the simulation cell relative to its periodic images above and below a specified plane. Equations of motion are derived that show the slip to be determined by the dynamical balance of an internal virial traction and an external glide force. Elements of the phenomenological theory of martensitic transformations---namely, the existence of a habit plane and the fact that the macroscopic deformation of the new phase corresponds to an invariant plane shear---are introduced through the imposition of Lagrangian constraints on the dynamics of the cell and slip variables. A model structural transformation is simulated with and without slip, and with rational and irrational habit planes. The allowance of slip with an irrational habit plane dramatically lowers the barrier to the transformation. The results exhibit a remarkably wide variety of dislocation behavior, including edge and screw dislocations, slip, cross slip, dissociation, and twinning. An example of the physical processes thought to be responsible for the rapid propagation of the phase transformation in steels and shape memory alloys---a glissile dislocation interface---is also observed.
Intermarket efficiency: An application of interbattery APT to mortgage-backed securities

Increasing popularity of investments in mortgage-backed securities has led to closer integration of the mortgage market into traditional capital markets. Using monthly returns during 1982–1988 for common stocks, Treasury bonds and GNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities, the interbattery factor analytic Arbitrage Pricing Theory of (Cho, 1984) is used to test five hypotheses for intramarket and intermarket integration. Results indicate that three to five common factors are found within the same security market, while only one to three factors are found common between different markets.
Temporal Join with Hilbert Curve Mapping and Adaptive Buffer Management

Management of data with a time dimension increases the overhead of storage and query processing in large database applications especially with the join operation, which is a commonly used and expensive relational operator. The temporal join evaluation can be time consuming because temporal data are intrinsically multi-dimensional. Also, due to a limited buffer size, the long-lived data can be frequently swapped-in and swapped-out between disk and main memory thus resulting in a low cache hit ratio. The proposed index-based Hilbert-Temporal Join (Hilbert-TJ) join algorithm maps temporal data into Hilbert curve space that is inherently clustered, thus allowing for fast retrieval and storage. This paper also proposes the Adaptive Replacement Cache-Temporal Data (ARC-TD) buffer replacement policy which favors the cache retention of data pages in proportion to the average life span of the tuples in the buffer. By giving preference to tuples having long life spans, a higher cache hit ratio can be achieved. The caching priority is also balanced between recently and frequently accessed data. The comparison study consists of different join algorithms and buffer replacement policies. Additionally, the Hilbert-TJ algorithm offers support to both valid-time and transaction-time data.
Children at risk for asthma: Home allergen levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and wheeze

Abstract Background: Allergic asthma is a common childhood disease. Although T-lymphocyte activation plays a critical role in allergic asthma, the environmental factors promoting lymphocyte activation in children are not well defined. Objective: In a cohort of children at risk for asthma (n = 114), we determined whether the levels of cockroach (Bla g 1 or 2), house dust mite (Der f 1), and cat allergen (Fel d 1) in the home during infancy was associated with subsequent allergen-specific lymphocyte proliferation in later life. Methods: Dust samples from multiple sites in the home were collected at 3 months of age and were measured for allergen levels. Serial questionnaires were applied. At a median age of 2 years, PBMCs were isolated and lymphocyte proliferation to the home allergens and PHA was determined. Results: Increased lymphocyte proliferative responses to Bla g 2 were associated with higher home levels of Bla g 1 or 2 ( P for trend with kitchen Bla g levels=.011), in analyses adjusting for cold in the past week. Proliferative responses to Der f 1 were higher in homes with family room levels of Der f 1 ≥10 μg/g dust than in homes with Der f 1 P = .15). Repeated wheeze in the first 2 years of life was associated with increased allergen-specific and PHA proliferative responses. Conclusion: Early-life cockroach allergen exposure at 3 months of age predicts allergen-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses at a median of 2 years of age. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:933-42.)
Presentism And Absence Causation: An Exercise In Mimicry

If presentism is true, then no wholly non-present events exist. If absence orthodoxy is true, then no absences exist. I discuss a well-known causal argument against presentism, and develop a very similar argument against absence orthodoxy. I argue that solutions to the argument against absence orthodoxy can be adopted by the presentist as solutions to the argument against presentism. The upshot is that if the argument against absence orthodoxy fails, then so does the argument against presentism.
Conductivity as a predictor of a total cations and salinity in Ethiopian lakes and rivers: revisiting earlier models

Abstract We used regression analyses of water samples from 18 lakes, nine rivers, and one spring in Ethiopia to (a) test the hypothesis that water bodies of relatively higher salinity ( K 25 >1000 μS cm −1 ) have a different conductivity to salinity relationship than waters of lower salinity ( K 25 −1 ), and (b) develop models to predict total cations and salinity from conductivity that can be used for Ethiopian waters and other African aquatic systems of similar chemical composition. We found no statistical difference in the bilogarithmic relationships (total cations vs. conductivity; salinity vs. conductivity) for waters of higher salinity ( K 25 > 1000 μS cm −1 ) and waters of lower salinity ( K 25 −1 ). However, comparison among our models and models from the literature suggests that developing separate equations for low and high salinity water bodies has some merit. We believe that the equations developed in this study can be used for Ethiopian waters and other African waters within the range of conductivity in this study.
The use of interpersonal touch in securing compliance

Direct gaze and a personal approach distance have been shown to increase compliance in a face to face situation. In the present study touch was varied along with gender and difficulty of request to assess the effects upon rate of compliance. The results indicated that touch was important in securing compliance, moreso if the request was more difficult, and most important in securing same gender compliance.