cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerospace Concurrent Engineering Design Teams: Current State, Next Steps and a Vision for the Future

Over the past sixteen years, government aerospace agencies and aerospace industry have developed and evolved operational concurrent design teams to create novel spaceflight mission concepts and designs. These capabilities and teams, however, have evolved largely independently. In today's environment of increasingly complex missions with limited budgets it is becoming readily apparent that both implementing organizations and today's concurrent engineering teams will need to interact more often than they have in the past. This will require significant changes in the current state of practice. This paper documents the findings from a concurrent engineering workshop held in August 2010 to identify the key near term improvement areas for concurrent engineering capabilities and challenges to the long-term advancement of concurrent engineering practice. The paper concludes with a discussion of a proposed vision for the evolution of these teams over the next decade.
The Microstructure of The Semi-Solid ZL201 Alloy Obtained by Near-Liquidus Electromagnetic Casting and the Fine Mechanism

Electromagnetic field was applied by ZL201 alloy melt when it was cast in near-liquidus temperature. The effects of electromagnetic stirring power and cooling condition on microstructure were studied. The result showed that, by using electromagnetic field at near-liquidus temperature, alloy microstructures were the fine and uniform non-dendritic grains. Moreover, with current strength increasing and cooling condition strengthening, the trend of the fine and uniform reinforced. When ZL201 alloy was cast at low superheat, the radius of the critical nucleus reduced. Under electromagnetic field, the melt temperature gradient decreased, and the formation of quasi-solid phase atom clusters in the melt was promoted. So the nucleation rate increased and microstructures were fine and uniform. Electromagnetic field made solute uniform, and the rapidity of nucleus growing up in all directions was almost at the same rate, therefore, the grain grew up near-spherical shape.
Influence of some environmental variables on the ascorbic acid status of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus Linn., tissues. III. Effects of exposure to oil

Exposure to water-soluble fractions (WSF) of a crude and two fuel oils altered the ascorbic acid (AsA) content of several striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, tissues. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of all three WSFs caused a depletion of AsA reserves in brain, gill, kidney and liver tissues, but not in muscle. There was a marked decline in AsA stores in kidney and gill tissues after only one day of exposure to WSFs of both crude and fuel oils. Liver AsA concentrations were significantly depleted after one week of oil exposure. Brain AsA content was only significantly depleted during chronic exposure to the highest oil concentration (20% WSF). A dose-dependent depletion of AsA reserves in the liver but not in the other tissues was observed one week after a single exposure to 2–20% WSFs of a No. 2 fuel oil. Exposure to 20% WSF of the No. 2 fuel oil caused a 47% decrease in liver AsA content one week later. Hepatic concentrations were still significantly depleted after 15 days, but had returned to control levels 20 days after the initial exposure. The data suggest that the depletion of tissue AsA reserves in fish inhabiting oil-contaminated environments could be sufficient on occasions to lead to AsA deficiency.
A model for diffusion-driven hydrophobic recovery in plasma treated polymers

Abstract Plasma treatment is widely used for polymer surface modification and, in particular, for the improvement of its adhesive properties. After such treatment the surface energy increases and therefore adhesion increases. However, the change of surface properties is not permanent. Following the treatment, the surface undergoes a relaxation process, called hydrophobic recovery, after which it restores, at least partially, its original low surface energy. Different mechanisms can be responsible for the observed hydrophobic recovery including the diffusion of polar groups and molecular reorientation. We propose a model for the hydrophobic recovery due to a combination of two thermodynamically non-equilibrium processes: diffusion and molecular reorientation. The model explains the mechanism of the hydrophobic recovery and fits well the available experimental data.
Critical Analysis of the Popular Media and the Concept of Ideal Subject Position: Sports Illustrated as Case Study

This paper discusses critical and cultural studies approaches to popular media analysis. The concept of ideal subject position is presented as a useful tool for the analysis of media texts. Applying this concept to a case study of Sports Illustrated supports the argument that Sports Illustrated texts beckon consumers who are white, Western, affluent, Christian, heterosexual men. The political implications of this analysis are discussed.
The Use of Guided Imagery as an Intervention in Addressing Nonsuicidal Self-Injury.

This article presents guided imagery as an intervention that can be used to address clients' nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors. Guided imagery is a behavioral therapy technique that involves the use of positive thoughts or images to regulate negative emotional experiences, and it can be used to prevent and manage impulses to self-injure. Examples of guided imagery scripts that can be used with those who self-injure are provided, as are recommendations for counselor practice.
In situ Structural Characterization of Metal−Molecule−Silicon Junctions Using Backside Infrared Spectroscopy

In-situ infrared spectroscopy of metallized aromatic molecular monolayers directly bound to silicon has been performed. Monolayers of two nitro-containing species were characterized before metallization using transmission mode and following metallization using a p-polarized backside reflection technique. The vibrational signature of the molecular layer is not significantly altered after vapor-depositing gold using a soft evaporation technique; however, standard gold evaporation completely destroys the molecular signature. The time evolution of vibrational peaks associated with the molecular layer and surface silicon oxide species shows that the molecular layer is stable, but the silicon oxide evolves over time within the junction.
The structure of reagent residues in cotton cellulose treated with divinyl sulfone

Abstract Authentic, simple 2-,3- and 6- O -substituted and simple crosslinked derivatives of D -glucose having only one residue of reagent per substituent or crosslink were prepared by the reaction of protected D -glucoses with divinyl sulfone, a difunctional reagent. Complex substituted and complex crosslinked derivatives of D -glucose having more than one residue of reagent per substituent or crosslink were prepared by reaction of a protected D -glucose with an excess of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfone. Cotton cellulose was modified by treatment with divinyl sulfone in 4.0 M sodium hydroxide. After hydrolysis of the modified cellulose to substituted and crosslinked D -glucoses, the identity of the components on paper chromatograms was established by comparison with authentic samples. Standard curves for the quantitative evaluation of the substituted and crosslinked D -glucoses and D -glucose were prepared. The mole fraction of reagent residues in the form of simple substituents, simple crosslinks, and complex structures was estimated to be 0.20, 0.72, and 0.08, respectively. The substituent linkages and crosslinkages to the D -glucose residues were found mainly to involve O-6.
Increasing social interaction between an isolate first grader and cross-cultural peers

Positive social interactions between an isolate, white first grader and socially active, Indian first graders were experimentally increased. The procedure involved three five-minute observation periods, approximately one-third of which were followed by brief feedback statements, and one 30-second feedback period a day, which consisted of brief instructions plus delivery of a tangible reinforcer contingent upon positive social interaction. Results of a multiple baseline design across three supervised, unstructured settings showed that the child's rate of positive social interaction increased to above that of the Indian peer recommended as the highest-rate interactor by the teacher. The increase in behavior maintained across a period of six months.
Speed of size scaling in human vision

Ss compared the forms of pairs of rapidly presented rectangles. The rectangles varied in size and frontal plane orientation. The speed of mental size scaling was estimated from the relationship of judgment time to the size discrepancy between the rectangles. In addition, the speed of mental rotation was estimated by the increase in judgment time produced by a discrepancy between the orientations of the rectangles. Size scaling and mental rotation seem to be largely independent of one another.
The Aging Teacher: A Developmental Perspective

During these last few years, forecasts about upcoming changes on the American educational landscape have quickly become new realities: The glut of primary and secondary school teachers has been inverted into teacher shortages in more than a few disciplines, and very different starting salaries are even catching the eye of undergraduates. Albert Shanker (1988) noted that 1.7 million teachers will be needed to replace the generation up for retirement within the next 10 years. With the excitement of impending changes, many forces will come into play that will shake even the most innovative administrators. One of the most apparent of these will be a sea of youthful faces belonging to a new generation of teachers who will grace the classrooms of America's schools before the close of the century. This influx of new teachers will come as a result of a slight increase in the numbers of school-age children, and of that large increase in the number of experienced teachers who will be retiring. This mass exodus from the trenches will be a mixed blessing for the schools. They will make room for younger and more recently trained teachers. They will free up school budgets, since the veteran teacher is typically paid what it costs to employ two new teachers. On the other hand, this exodus means the school, over a very short period of time, will lose a great deal of its collective expertise. Much of the academic leadership will go as department chairpersons, lead teachers, elementary grade level chairs, and other teacher leaders retire. In addition, the people who are most equipped to orient young teachers as mentors and provide day-to-day guidance will also be gone.
Remixing Archival Metadata Project: RAMP

Technical services are at the forefront of the changes that are taking place today in libraries. In this issue, our reviewers will introduce you to useful resources you may not be familiar with that can help you incorporate non-traditional metadata into your cataloging operations, take advantage of social media tools like blogs and crowdsourcing, and gain a better understanding of data-driven assessment.Do you have websites or applications of your own you would like to share with your colleagues in technical services? Our column WELCOMES new reviewers. Send comments and suggestions to the column editor: Marta Mestrovic Deyrup at marta.deyrup@shu.edu
Morphology and properties of low-density (branched) polyethylene†

The different types of morphology that can be developed in a large number of low-density (branched) polyethylene whole polymers, as well as in a series of fractions, have been studied for two different extreme crystallization modes. Concomitantly, thermodynamic properties of the same samples have also been determined. After isothermal crystallization at elevated temperatures, spherulitic structures are found in all the whole polymer samples. On the other hand, after rapid crystallization a variety of different types of supermolecular structures are observed which are shown to depend systematically on the concentration of side-chain branches and the relative proportion of high molecular weight species in the sample. This temperature dependence of the morphological forms is opposite to that previously reported for linear polyethylene. The studies with the fractions show that the individual species are not the cause of this behavior; rather, the total composition is the important factor. The thermodynamic properties are also quite different from those of linear polyethylene in showing virtually no molecular weight dependence and being governed primarily by the concentration of short-chain branches. The degrees of crystallinity as determined from density and enthalpy of fusion measurements do not vary much with the two extreme crystallization conditions employed, are not sensitive to the morphology, and differ from one another, even when well-developed spherulites are formed. A major influence of the branching concentration on these properties is clearly indicated.
Changes in the West Indian operculina (Convolvulaceae)

Two West Indian names inOperculina are briefly discussed and compared with the Old WorldO. turpethum (L.) S. Manso. The conclusions are made thatO. triquetra (Vahl) H. Hallier is a taxonomic synonym ofO. turpethum and thatO. ventricosa (Bertero) Peter may best be considered a variety ofO. turpethum. Typification ofOperculina is discussed, and it is found that, although S. Manso had a mixed concept ofO. turpethum, this species must be the type of the genus.
Suppression of C/EBPα and Induction of C/EBPβ by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Mouse Adipose Tissue and Liver

We examined the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on two transcription factors, CAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) and beta (C/EBPbeta), involved in the coordination of gene expression in adipose and liver. A single dose of TCDD (100 microg/kg) to male C57BL mice resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in the level of C/EBPalpha mRNA in adipose tissue and liver, and a reciprocal increase in C/EBPbeta mRNA. Gel shift analysis using hepatic nuclear extracts from control and TCDD-treated mice and an oligonucleotide containing a C/EBP recognition element revealed a time-dependent change in DNA-protein complexes formed. Bands corresponding to C/EBPalpha, as determined by supershift analysis, diminished in TCDD-treated animals over a 7-day time period, whereas two new bands corresponding to C/EBPbeta, not present in control extracts, were increased significantly in treated samples. TCDD induced C/EBPbeta mRNA in wild-type mouse hepatoma cells, but not in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) nuclear translocator-deficient hepatoma cells. Induction in wild-type hepatoma cells was antagonized effectively by a molar excess of alpha-naphthoflavone. These results showed that TCDD caused rapid, reciprocal changes in C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta mRNAs and DNA binding in the adipose and liver of male C57BL mice and induced C/EBPbeta in hepatoma cells in an AhR-dependent manner. C/EBPs play vital roles in the coordination of energy homeostasis, and their alteration by TCDD may provide insight into the mechanism by which TCDD perturbs energy storage and utilization in vivo.
Bloodless aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement surgery requiring circulatory arrest: two case studies.

Blood and/or blood product transfusions are common during and after complicated cardiac procedures. Replacement of the aortic valve, ascending aorta, and coronary implantation requiring circulatory...
Bid Sensitivity and the Structure of the Vickrey Auction

A research study explored a version of economist W. Vickrey's second-price, sealed-bid auction used for the valuation of nonmarket goods. The sensitivity of revealed values generated by this variation were examined. A standard second-price auction with repeated market trials was compared to a random nth-price auction and a combinatorial private-collection auction with sequentially-revealed values. Results showed the consistency of revealed values in a low probability risk scenario.
Degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy as a probe of photodissociation dynamics: nascent SH population distributions from the 266 nm photolysis of hydrogen sulfide

Abstract Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) has been used to interrogate the nascent mercapto radicals (SH) emerging from photolysis of bulk-gas H2S samples at λdiss = 266 nm. These experiments reveal a ‘cold’ non-Boltzmann distribution of SH molecules formed exclusively in vibrationless levels of the X2Π ground electronic state, with a non-thermal population of spin-orbit states but no preference for lambda doublet components. Nearly all of the available energy appears as translational motion of the recoiling photofragments. Comparison with previous free-jet studies at λdiss = 193 nm shows the SH (ν = 0) rotational distribution to be relatively independent of photolysis wavelength and precursor rotational temperature.
An algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of refractory GERD

Patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) who are not responding to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) given once daily are very common. These therapy-resistant patients have become the new face of GERD in clinical practice in the last decade. Upper endoscopy appears to have a limited diagnostic value. In contrast, esophageal impedance with pH testing on therapy appears to provide the most insightful information about the subsequent management of these patients. Commonly, doubling the PPI dose or switching to another PPI will be offered to patients who failed PPI once daily. Failure of such therapeutic strategies is commonly followed by assessment for weakly or residual acidic reflux. There is growing information about the potential value of compounds that can reduce transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation rate. Esophageal pain modulators are commonly offered to patients with functional heartburn although supportive clinical studies are still missing.
Social Workers and Distress: Implications for Sustaining a Healthy Workforce

SUMMARY Social workers are affected by multiple stressors in their personal and professional lives creating a vulnerability to distress. This article examines substance use, depression, caregiving characteristics, and relationship problems among 215 social workers in Kentucky and reports how these factors are related to distress. Regression analysis found that these risk factors accounted for 49% of variance in K10 symptom scale scores. This study's findings have important implications for social service organizations, managers, BSW and MSW programs, and professional organizations. Social workers work with underserved populations, making health and wellness in the workplace of vital concern to ensure good client outcomes. A multilevel systemic approach is needed to address the health of the workforce.
Asymptotic distortion exponents for the estimation of time-varying channels in multihop sensor networks

The problem of time-varying channel estimation in multihop sensor networks is examined. Two relay processing methods are explored: amplify-and-forward and encode-and-forward. Bounds on the end-to-end distortion for all internode channel estimates are computed for these two relay processing schemes. Performance is analyzed via the asymptotic limit of the decay rate of the end-to-end distortion with respect to SNR at high SNR. It is also established that asymptotically in SNR, amplify-and-forward can outperform encode-and-forward and in fact can achieve the maximum possible distortion exponent (distortion decay rate) order of unity. Linear and many-to-one topologies are then examined and it is shown that orthogonal access in the many-to-one network is optimal.
Rapid analysis of Florida phosphates by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence

Abstract A rapid X-ray fluorescence technique has been developed to determine the BPL (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 or Bone Phosphate of Lime) content of various streams in Florida phosphate beneficiation and in supporting laboratory flotation experiments. The method, which requires simple sample preparation, a 100-sec counting, and has an accuracy of better than 2% BPL (0.4% P), employs an Fe 55 radioactive source and a room temperature detector to analyze for calcium. The BPL values, which can not be obtained readily and directly because of the weak fluorescence of phosphorus, are instead derived from a close correlation found to exist between the phosphorus and calcium concentrations.
Catastrophic optical bulk damage (COBD) processes in aged and proton-irradiated high power InGaAs-AlGaAs strained quantum well lasers

Recent remarkable success of fiber lasers and amplifiers results from continued improvements in performance characteristics of broad-area InGaAs-AlGaAs strained quantum well (QW) lasers. Unprecedented characteristics of single emitters include optical output powers of over 20 W and power conversion efficiencies of over 70% under CW operation. Leading high power laser diode manufacturers have recently demonstrated encouraging reliability in these lasers mainly targeted for industrial applications, but long-term reliability of these lasers has never been demonstrated for satellite communication systems in the space environment. Furthermore, as reported by two groups in 2009, the dominant failure mode of these lasers is catastrophic optical bulk damage (COBD), which is a new failure type that requires physics of failure investigation to understand its root causes. For the present study, we investigated reliability, proton radiation effects, and the root causes of COBD processes in MOCVD-grown broad-area InGaAs-AlGaAs strained QW lasers using various failure mode analysis (FMA) techniques. Two different approaches, accelerated life-testing and proton irradiation, were taken to generate lasers at different stages of degradation. Our objectives were to (i) study the effects of point defects introduced during crystal growth and those induced by proton irradiation with different energies and fluences in the lasers on degradation processes and to (ii) compare trap characteristics and carrier dynamics in pre- and post-stressed lasers with those in pre- and post-proton irradiated lasers. During entire accelerated life-tests, time resolved electroluminescence (TREL) techniques were employed to observe formation of a hot spot and subsequent formation and progression of dark spots and dark lines through windowed n-contacts.
Survival of human milk leukocytes.

STUDIES in newborn animals have shown that maternal milk provides protection against infection and necrotizing enterocolitis. 1 One retrospective study in human infants suggests that they too may receive protection from infection by the ingestion of maternal milk. ~ Numerous constituents of human milk could assist in this protection, but emphasis has been placed t~pon the importance of the protective effects of immunoglobulins and of leukocytes.t :~. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of heat treatment of milk on immunoglobulin concentrations.:' '~ The present in vitro studies were completed to determine which factors may affect survival and viability of the leukocytes of human milk.
Evidence-Based Treatment of Anxiety in Patients With Cancer

Anxiety is a dynamic response to perceived threat that is common among patients with cancer and fluctuates at critical points in the disease trajectory. A substantial minority of patients may experience clinically significant anxiety resulting from a range of potential etiologic factors. This review summarizes evidence-based recommendations for treatment of anxiety in oncology settings. Recommendations are based on the nature and time course of anxiety and the results of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and individual trials in cancer populations. The evidence-based literature supports the use of psychosocial and psychopharmacologic treatments to prevent or alleviate anxiety symptoms. Conclusions are tempered by study heterogeneity and methodologic limitations and a lack of trials that included patients with clinically significant anxiety. In oncology settings, accessibility and acceptability of evidence-based treatments vary, and patients may seek a variety of resources to manage cancer concerns. Treat...
Multiple Scattering of Laser-Beam Radiation

This paper summarizes the experiential radiation-scattering research done at the University of Missouri‐Rolla over the past 25 years. Complimentary theoretical studies are used to interpret the results. Anisotropic, multiple scattering is studied. The scattering situation is two-dimensional and cylindrical because the laser beam is incident normal to the upper surface of the scattering medium. Backscattered radiation in the normal direction is predicted and measured as a function of the distance from the incident laser beam. The influence of anisotropic scattering can be reduced to an effective isotropic scattering through the use of the asymmetry factor. Transmitted radiation is predicted and measured as a function of the distance from the incident laser beam. Effects of the angular details of the scattering phase function tend to become washed out at large optical depths. Side-scattered radiation in the radial direction is predicted and measured as a function of the distance below the upper surface of the scattering medium. Side-scattering measurements for optically thin media compare well with single scattering theory. Effects of multiple scattering on polarization are discussed. Polarization tends to make two-dimensional problems three-dimensional and requires the solution of the vector radiation transport equation.
Scheduling distance-constrained real-time tasks

A novel model of real-time task systems with temporal distance constraints is presented. In such systems, the distance between any two consecutive finishing times of the same task must be less than or equal to a given value. Using the periodic task model for such tasks may not provide an efficient solution. The authors discuss the scheduling approaches for this distance-constrained task model and propose several scheduling algorithms. They also study the schedulability conditions for these algorithms. >
Comparison of Ordinary Kriging, Regression Kriging, and Cokriging Techniques to Estimate Soil Salinity Using LANDSAT Images

The objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate the LANDSAT best band combinations to estimate soil salinity with different crop types; (2) to compare ordinary kriging, regression kriging, and cokriging techniques to generate accurate soil salinity maps when applied to LANDSAT images; and (3) to compare the performance of different crop types: alfalfa, cantaloupe, corn, and wheat as indicators of soil salinity. This study was conducted in an area in the southern part of the Arkansas River Basin in Colorado. Six LANDSAT images acquired during the years: 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 in conjunction with field data were used to estimate soil salinity in the study area. The optimal subsets of band combinations from the LANDSAT images that correlate best with the soil salinity data sets were selected. Ordinary kriging, regression kriging, and cokriging were applied to 2,914 soil salinity data points collected in alfalfa, cantaloupe, corn, and wheat fields in conjunction with the selected LANDSAT ima...
Adolescent and Young Adult Understanding of the Differences Between Chlamydia, HIV, and AIDS

Objective. To explore young people’s understanding of the differences between Chlamydia, HIV, and AIDS. Methods. Participants from a hospital-based adolescent clinic completed a self-administered written survey. Three questions assessed participants’ understanding of the differences between Chlamydia, HIV, and AIDS. Results. Nearly half of the 119 participants selected “No” or “Don’t know” when asked if there are differences between Chlamydia and HIV and between HIV and AIDS. Increasing age was associated with correct response. Conclusions. A large proportion of youth in this sample did not know that there are differences between Chlamydia, HIV, and AIDS. Previous research suggests that some young people are afraid to be screened for Chlamydia because they fear that a Chlamydia diagnosis has the same ramifications as an AIDS diagnosis. Findings from this study indicate that more education about the differences between Chlamydia, HIV, and AIDS is needed.
Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and accessory cells modulate radioprotection by purified hematopoietic cells

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells and regulates chemotaxis and adhesion. However, mice in which the genes encoding GM-CSF (Gmcsf) or the beta common subunit of the GM-CSF receptor (betac) are inactivated display normal steady-state hematopoiesis. Here, we show that host GM-CSF signaling strongly modulates the ability of donor hematopoietic cells to radioprotect lethally irradiated mice. Although bone marrow mononuclear cells efficiently rescue Gmcsf mutant recipients, fetal liver cells and Sca1(+) lin(-/dim) marrow cells are markedly impaired. This defect is partially attributable to accessory cells that are more prevalent in bone marrow. In contrast, Gmcsf-deficient hematopoietic stem cells demonstrate normal proliferative potentials. Short-term survival is also impaired in irradiated betac mutant recipients transplanted with fetal liver or bone marrow. These data demonstrate a nonredundant function of GM-CSF in radioprotection by donor hematopoietic cells that may prove relevant in clinical transplantation.
Two is better than one: Benefits of VEGF and PDGF inhibition in ovarian cancer

Commentary to:Targeting pericytes with a PDGF-B aptamer in human ovarian carcinoma modelsChunhua Lu, Mian M.K. Shahzad, Myrthala Moreno-Smith, Yvonne Lin, Nicholas B. Jennings, Julie K. Allen, Charles N. Landen, Lingegowda S. Mangala, Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena, Rosemarie Schmandt, Alpa M. Nick, Rebecca L. Stone, Robert B. Jaffe, Robert L. Coleman and Anil K. Sood
Noninvasive monitoring of PaCO(2) during one-lung ventilation and minimal access surgery in adults: End-tidal versus transcutaneous techniques.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that end-tidal CO 2 (ET-CO 2 ) may be inaccurate during one-lung ventilation (OLV). This study was performed to compare the accuracy of the noninvasive monitoring of PCO 2 using transcutaneous CO 2 (TC-CO 2 ) with ET-CO 2 in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) during OLV. Materials and Methods: In adult patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgical procedures, PCO 2 was simultaneously measured with TC-CO 2 and ET-CO 2 devices and compared with PaCO 2 . Results: The cohort for the study included 15 patients ranging in age from 19 to 71 years and in weight from 76 to 126 kg. During TLV, the difference between the TC-CO 2 and the PaCO 2 was 3.0 ± 1.8 mmHg and the difference between the ET-CO 2 and PaCO 2 was 6.2 ± 4.7 mmHg ( P =0.02). Linear regression analysis of TC-CO2 vs. PaCO 2 resulted in an r 2 = 0.6280 and a slope = 0.7650 ± 0.1428, while linear regression analysis of ET-CO 2 vs. PaCO 2 resulted in an r 2 = 0.05528 and a slope = 0.1986 ± 0.1883. During OLV, the difference between the TC-CO 2 and PaCO 2 was 3.5 ± 1.7 mmHg and the ET-CO 2 to PaCO 2 difference was 9.6 ± 3.6 mmHg ( P =0.03 vs. ET-CO 2 to PaCO 2 difference during TLV; and P <0.0001 vs. TC-CO 2 to PaCO 2 difference during OLV). In 13 of the 15 patients, the TC-CO 2 value was closer to the actual PaCO 2 than the ET-CO 2 value ( P =0.0001). Linear regression analysis of TC-CO 2 vs. PaCO 2 resulted in an r 2 = 0.7827 and a slope = 0.8142 ± 0.0.07965, while linear regression analysis of ET-CO 2 vs. PaCO 2 resulted in an r 2 = 0.2989 and a slope = 0.3026 ± 0.08605. Conclusions: During OLV, TC-CO 2 monitoring provides a better estimate of PaCO 2 than ET-CO2 in patients undergoing VATS.
Design and Implementation of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Genomic Counseling for Patients with Chronic Disease

We describe the development and implementation of a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of genomic counseling on a cohort of patients with heart failure (HF) or hypertension (HTN), managed at a large academic medical center, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC). Our study is built upon the existing Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative (CPMC®). OSUWMC patient participants with chronic disease (CD) receive eight actionable complex disease and one pharmacogenomic test report through the CPMC® web portal. Participants are randomized to either the in-person post-test genomic counseling—active arm, versus web-based only return of results—control arm. Study-specific surveys measure: (1) change in risk perception; (2) knowledge retention; (3) perceived personal control; (4) health behavior change; and, for the active arm (5), overall satisfaction with genomic counseling. This ongoing partnership has spurred creation of both infrastructure and procedures necessary for the implementation of genomics and genomic counseling in clinical care and clinical research. This included creation of a comprehensive informed consent document and processes for prospective return of actionable results for multiple complex diseases and pharmacogenomics (PGx) through a web portal, and integration of genomic data files and clinical decision support into an EPIC-based electronic medical record. We present this partnership, the infrastructure, genomic counseling approach, and the challenges that arose in the design and conduct of this ongoing trial to inform subsequent collaborative efforts and best genomic counseling practices.
Diet and breast cancer: understanding risks and benefits.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the United States. Extensive research has been completed to evaluate the relationship between dietary factors and breast cancer risk and survival after breast cancer; however, a summary report with clinical inference is needed. Materials and Methods: This review summarizes the current epidemiological and clinical trial evidence relating diet to breast cancer incidence, recurrence, survival, and mortality. The review includes emerging epidemiological studies that assess risk within breast cancer subtypes as well as a summary of previous and ongoing dietary intervention trials designed to modify breast cancer risk. Results: The available literature suggests that both low-fat and high-fiber diets may be weakly protective against breast cancer, whereas total energy intake and alcohol appear to be positively associated. Fiber may be weakly protective possibly through modulation of estrogen, whereas fruit and vegetable intake is not ...
Cross-cultural Considerations in the Application of Assertion Training: A Brief Note:

Observations from a case study are presented to illustrate some of the problems that may arise when using assertion training with a Japanese-American female. Specifically, these difficulties entail the lack of local baseline data and the ethnic variations in determining the essential components of assertive behavior.
Altering Anode Thickness To Improve Power Production in Microbial Fuel Cells with Different Electrode Distances

A better understanding of how anode and separator physical properties affect power production is needed to improve energy and power production by microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Oxygen crossover from the cathode can limit power production by bacteria on the anode when using closely spaced electrodes [separator electrode assembly (SEA)]. Thick graphite fiber brush anodes, as opposed to thin carbon cloth, and separators have previously been examined as methods to reduce the impact of oxygen crossover on power generation. We examined here whether the thickness of the anode could be an important factor in reducing the effect of oxygen crossover on power production, because bacteria deep in the electrode could better maintain anaerobic conditions. Carbon felt anodes with three different thicknesses were examined to see the effects of thicker anodes in two configurations: widely spaced electrodes and SEA. Power increased with anode thickness, with maximum power densities (604 mW/m2, 0.32 cm; 764 mW/m2, 0.64 cm; an...
Type 2 Diabetes Restricts Multipotency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Impairs Their Capacity to Augment Postischemic Neovascularization in db/db Mice

Methods and Results-—To test this hypothesis, we transplanted MSCs from db/db or wild-type (WT) mice into WT recipients after induction of hind limb ischemia. WT recipients of db/db MSCs demonstrated adipocyte infiltration of ischemic muscle and impaired neovascularization; WT recipients of WT MSCs showed no intramuscular adipocyte infiltration and had significantly enhanced neovascularization (P<0.05; n=6). Confocal microscopy showed that the percentage of MSCs that differentiated into an adipocyte phenotype was greater and into an endothelial cell was less in WT recipients transplanted with db/db MSCs than those transplanted with WT MSCs (P<0.05; n=6). In vitro, db/db MSCs exhibited greater oxidant stress, greater adipocyte differentiation, and less endothelial differentiation than WT MSCs, and these differences were reversed by treatment with N-acetylcysteine or Nox4 siRNA (P<0.05; n=6). Insulin increased Nox4 expression, oxidant stress, and adipocyte differentiation in WT MSCs, and these insulin-induced effects were reversed by Nox4 siRNA (P<0.05; n=6). Reversal of db/db MSC oxidant stress by in vivo pretreatment with Nox4 siRNA before transplantation reversed their impaired capacity to augment postischemic neovascularization. Conclusions-—Type 2 diabetes–induced oxidant stress restricts the multipotency of MSCs and impairs their capacity to increase blood flow recovery after the induction of hind-limb ischemia. Reversal of MSC oxidant stress might permit greater leverage of the therapeutic potential of MSC transplantation in the setting of diabetes. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e002238 doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.112.002238)
The Embeddedness of Organizations: Dialogue & Directions

We review research on organizations to highlight prevailing and emerging conceptions for embeddedness. An integrated framework that considers the sources, mechanisms, outcomes, and strategic implications of embeddedness is presented. Also, promising research directions for embeddedness approaches, including cross-level issues (such as collective cognition and nesting), as well as issues related to temporality, networks, and methodology are identified.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of cytosolic phosphoglucomutase in maize. Expression during development and in response to oxygen deprivation.

Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) catalyzes the interconversion of glucose (Glc)-1- and Glc-6-phosphate in the synthesis and consumption of sucrose. We isolated two maize ( Zea mays L.) cDNAs that encode PGM with 98.5% identity in their deduced amino acid sequence. Southern-blot analysis with genomic DNA from lines with different Pgm1 and Pgm2 genotypes suggested that the cDNAs encode the two known cytosolic PGM isozymes, PGM1 and PGM2. The cytosolic PGMs of maize are distinct from a plastidic PGM of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ). The deduced amino acid sequences of the cytosolic PGMs contain the conserved phosphate-transfer catalytic center and the metal-ion-binding site of known prokaryotic and eukaryotic PGMs. PGM mRNA was detectable by RNA-blot analysis in all tissues and organs examined except silk. A reduction in PGM mRNA accumulation was detected in roots deprived of O 2 for 24 h, along with reduced synthesis of a PGM identified as a 67-kD phosphoprotein on two-dimensional gels. Therefore, PGM is not one of the so-called “anaerobic polypeptides.” Nevertheless, the specific activity of PGM was not significantly affected in roots deprived of O 2 for 24 h. We propose that PGM is a stable protein and that existing levels are sufficient to maintain the flux of Glc-1-phosphate into glycolysis under O 2 deprivation.
Delineation of a Novel Pathway That Regulates CD154 (CD40 Ligand) Expression

The expression of CD154 (CD40 ligand) by activated T lymphocytes plays a central role in humoral and cellular immunity. The fundamental importance of this protein in mounting an immune response has made it an attractive target for immunomodulation. Several studies have demonstrated that CD154 expression is regulated at the level of mRNA turnover in a manner distinct from other cytokine genes. We have purified, sequenced, and characterized the two major proteins that bind the CD154 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) as members of the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) family. One of these proteins is a previously unreported alternatively spliced PTB isoform, which we call PTB-T. These proteins interact with a polypyrimidine-rich region within the CD154 3'UTR that lacks any known cis-acting instability elements. The polypyrimidine-rich region of the CD154 3'UTR was both necessary and sufficient to mediate changes in reporter gene expression and mRNA accumulation, indicating the presence of a novel cis-acting instability element. The presence of a cis-acting instability element in the polypyrimidine-rich region was confirmed using a tetracycline-responsive reporter gene approach. The function of this cis-acting element appears to be dependent on the relative cytoplasmic levels of PTB and PTB-T. Cotransfection of vectors encoding PTB-T consistently decreased the CD154 3'UTR-dependent luciferase expression. In contrast, transfection of plasmids encoding PTB tended to increase CD154 3'UTR-dependent luciferase expression. Thus, the CD154 3'UTR contains a novel cis-acting element whose function is determined by the binding of PTB and PTB-T. These data identify a specific pathway that regulates CD154 expression that can potentially be selectively targeted for the treatment of autoimmune disease and allograft rejection.
Use of industrial by-products in urban transportation infrastructure: argument for increased industrial symbiosis

The incorporation of roadways into a regionpsilas industrial ecology is an ideal method of managing some of the industrial by-products (IBPs) that may be generated. Current management of these industrial by-products is through beneficial use (for certain types of materials), but also stockpiling or landfilling, which have economic and environmental implications. IBPs (coal ash, foundry sand and slag) are compared here to virgin aggregate for use in the sub-base of roadway construction and/or repair in an optimization analysis to minimize the transportation impacts in the greater Pittsburgh urban region. The life cycle impacts associated with the choice of material (virgin or IBP) are also evaluated in this paper, and it is shown that IBP usage results in lower life cycle impacts in all categories. Additionally the transportation costs are 25% less for the IBP usage than for the use of virgin aggregates due to the closer proximity to the IBP source materials. The combination of reduced economic and environmental costs provide a strong argument for state transportation departments to develop symbiotic relationships with large IBP producers in their regions to minimize impacts associated with roadway construction and maintenance with the additional benefit of improved management of these materials.
Doppler LIDAR processing in spatial spectral holograms

We present a novel technique for range-Doppler lidar processing which uses the parallel recording of Doppler-matched, high-bandwidth (> 10 GHz), spatial-spectral holographic gratings, which are subsequently read with a chirped laser and post-processed.
Passive Superconducting Flux Conservers for Rotating-Magnetic-Field-Driven Field-Reversed Configurations

The Princeton Field-Reversed Configuration (PFRC) experiment employs an odd-parity rotating-magnetic-field (RMFo) current drive and plasma heating system to form and sustain high-β plasmas. For rad...
MRI for the preoperative evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) refers to a condition characterized by impingement of the femoral head-neck junction against the acetabular rim, often due to underlying osseous and/or soft tissue morphological abnormalities. It is a common cause of hip pain and limited range of motion in young and middle-aged adults. Hip preservation surgery aims to correct the morphological variants seen in FAI, thereby relieving pain and improving function, and potentially preventing early osteoarthritis. The purpose of this article is to review the mechanisms of chondral and labral injury in FAI to facilitate an understanding of patterns of chondrolabral injury seen on MRI. Preoperative MRI evaluation of FAI should include assessment of osseous morphologic abnormalities, labral tears, cartilage status, and other associated compensatory injuries of the pelvis. As advanced chondral wear is the major relative contraindication for hip preservation surgery, MRI is useful in the selection of patients likely to benefit from surgery. Teaching points • The most common anatomical osseous abnormalities predisposing to FAI include cam and pincer lesions. • Morphological abnormalities, labral lesions, and cartilage status should be assessed. • In cam impingement, chondral wear most commonly occurs anterosuperiorly.• Pre-existing advanced osteoarthritis is the strongest predictor of poor outcomes after FAI surgery. • Injury to muscles and tendons or other pelvic structures can coexist with FAI.
Personality Theory, Therapeutic Approaches, and the Elderly Client

How does one person go about helping another? This elementary question may be worth a moment’s reflection before we turn to the specific topic of psychotherapy with the elderly. Turning to the problems and potentialities of the elderly is, in fact, a tropism that has attracted relatively few personality theorists and psychotherapists. This means that the newcomer to the clinical psychology of later life cannot count on the guidance available in other areas of therapeutic endeavor. If a person is to work within a coherent and viable perspective, then, this is something that must be constructed by individual effort rather than simply picked up at the check-in point. And so we begin with a brief consideration of the helping process in general and some of the dynamics that have been impeding its development with the elderly client.
Accelerating viability kernel computation with CUDA architecture: application to bycatch fishery management

Computing a viability kernel consumes time and memory resources which increase exponentially with the dimension of the problem. This curse of dimensionality strongly limits the applicability of this approach, otherwise promising. We report here an attempt to tackle this problem with Graphics Processing Units (GPU). We design and implement a version of the viability kernel algorithm suitable for General Purpose GPU (GPGPU) computing using Nvidia’s architecture, CUDA (Computing Unified Device Architecture). Different parts of the algorithm are parallelized on the GPU device and we test the algorithm on a dynamical system of theoretical population growth. We study computing time gains as a function of the number of dimensions and the accuracy of the grid covering the state space. The speed factor reaches up to 20 with the GPU version compared to the Central Processing Unit (CPU) version, making the approach more applicable to problems in 4 to 7 dimensions. We use the GPU version of the algorithm to compute viability kernel of bycatch fishery management problems up to 6 dimensions.