cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bottoms Up Karst: New 3-D Seismic Attributes Shed Light On the Ellenburger (Ordovician) Carbonates In the Fort Worth Basin (north Texas, USA)

3-D seismic volumes from the central Fort Worth Basin display fractures and collapse features that extend vertically some 800 m from the Ordovician Ellenburger Formation to the middle Pennsylvanian Caddo Limestone. These features have been attributed to collapse of subaerial karst features in the Ellenburger. We have used dip derivative and coherence seismic attributes to investigate the origin of these features. Although time slices through the Ellenburger contain features that can be interpreted as cockpit karst, dolines and frying pan valleys, the alignment of many sinkhole features in the Ordovician Ellenburger coincide with later age Pennsylvanian lineaments. In addition, the length of the vertical collapse features is excessive for simple Ellenburger cavern collapse, and horizon slices on the Pennsylvanian Caddo limestone lack exposure features of significant magnitude to produce 800+m of top-down karst. By incorporating the timing constraints provided by better imaging of subtle lineaments in the seismic volume, we hypothesize late stage fault collapse and possible burial fluid origin for the vertical collapse chimneys. The presence of burial fluid dissolution and overburden collapse has basinwide implications for distribution of fractures, calcite cement, and reservoir compartmentalization.
Microsatellite Analysis of Three Subspecies of Elk (Cervus elaphus) in California

A total of 676 elk (Cervus elaphus) were genotyped at 16 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci to evaluate genetic differences among 3 subspecies of elk in California: tule (C. e. nannodes), Roosevelt (C. e. roosevelti), and Rocky Mountain (C. e. nelsoni) elk. Of the 13 populations analyzed, 5 represented tule elk herds, 3 were Roosevelt elk, 2 were Rocky Mountain elk, and 3 were of uncertain taxonomic status. Overall, populations averaged between 7 and 8 alleles per locus, with observed heterozygosity values ranging from 0.33 to 0.58 per population. Tule elk, which experienced a severe bottleneck in the 1870s, had consistently less genetic diversity than the other subspecies. All 3 subspecies were significantly differentiated, with the greatest genetic distance seen between the tule and Roosevelt subspecies. Assignment of individuals to subspecies using microsatellite data was nearly 100% accurate. Despite the past population bottleneck, significant differences were found among the tule elk herds. Assignment testing of elk from Modoc, Siskiyou, and Shasta counties to determine subspecific status of individuals suggested that these populations contained both Roosevelt and Rocky Mountain elk and their hybrids, indicating that these elk subspecies interbreed where subspecies coexist.
Computing image histograms from compressed data

Computing histogram from images is an important step in generating feature vectors for content-based indexing of large image or video databases. In this paper, several methods for estimating histograms from transformed images are proposed. The results indicate that significant computation complexity reduction can be achieved while maintaining reasonable estimation accuracy.
First Report of Tobacco rattle virus Associated with Corky Ringspot in Potatoes Grown in North Dakota

Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) belongs to the genus Tobravirus and causes a stem mottle of potato (Solanum tuberosum) foliage and necrotic arcs and rings in tubers referred to as corky ringspot. This virus is generally transmitted by a number of species of stubby-root nematode. The virus is widespread and has been reported in California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, Washington, Minnesota, and Wisconsin (2). In the spring of 2009, we received potato tubers of cv. Russet Burbank with internal necrotic arcs very similar to those caused by TRV from potato storages located in Grand Forks and Dickey counties of North Dakota. Total RNA was extracted from the necrotic lesions of two tubers from each location using the Total RNA Isolation kit (Promega Corp., Madison WI). These extracts were tested for TRV by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers complementary to nucleotides 6555 to 6575 (Primer A) and identical to nucleotides 6113 to 6132 (Primer B) within the 3′ terminus of TRV-SYM RNA-1 (GenBan...
Infrared Analysis of Respirable Coal Mine Dust for Quartz: Thirty-Five Years

The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) analyzes respirable coal mine dust samples for quartz content using infrared spectrometry. Samples are low-temperature ashed in an oxygen plasma, suspended in isopropanol, and redeposited onto a vinyl/acrylic copolymer filter for analysis using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The on-filter infrared method was developed by the United States Bureau of Mines and collaboratively tested by Stanford Research Institute (SRI) under contract to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Bureau of Mines. The results of the collaborative study were published in 1983. Although much work has been performed since then to improve the precision of the method, details of those improvements have not always been published. Standard methods often do not discuss analytical theory and the preliminary steps necessary to achieve precise results. This paper gives a brief background of the changes that have been made in the procedures used for the analysis of respirable coal mine dust samples for quartz and discusses the current procedures used by MSHA to analyze such samples. Factors affecting the analysis such as optimization of the deposit size of the ashed sample, the importance of centering the sample in the infrared beam, baseline selection points, and peak measurement techniques, as well as the quality assurance procedure and the precision of the analysis, are discussed.
Consistency of Input-Output Model and Shockwave Analysis in Queue and Delay Estimations

This paper investigates the consistency between the simple input-output model and the shockwave analysis method as applied to traffic bottleneck problems. Mathematical derivations considering changes in arriving demand and discharge rate have shown that these models are consistent in queue and delay estimations, as both methods produce identical results at anytime during the congestion propagation and dissipation processes. Earlier findings on the inconsistency of these two methods are attributed to the lack of consideration of the baseline factor, which is dependent on the level of background traffic. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the importance of the baseline factor, to ensure consistency regardless of the use of different flow-density relationships.
Thermal Shock Resistance of Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) after Acclimation to Constant or Cycling Temperature

Abstract Postlarval and juvenile spots were acclimated to selected constant temperatures and to diel temperature cycles. Following acclimation they were exposed to temperature shocks from 0 C (control) to 20 C above acclimation temperatures. Twenty-four-hour median lethal shock temperatures (LS50 values) were calculated by probit analysis. The temperature cycles used had no apparent effect on the thermal shock resistance of either postlarval or juvenile spots relative to constant-temperature acclimation. When acclimated at the same temperatures, postlarvae had lower thermal shock resistances than juveniles. Most mortality occurred within 10 minutes of shock onset.
Risk and Protective Factors for Reasons for Living in College Men

This study examined the relations among three risk factors—depression, hopelessness, and alcohol-related problems, and three sources of social support (Family, Friends, Significant Others)—and reasons for living as measured by the Reasons for Living for Young Adults (RFL-YA) in college men (N = 303). In the hierarchical regression analyses, reports of hopelessness, depression, and alcohol- related problems significantly predicted reasons for living in the expected direction. Social support from family and friends, but not significant others significantly predicted reasons for living in college men. Implications are offered for the improved identification and treatment of young men at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
System concepts for doublet tracking layers

For a future Super Large Hadron Collider (SLHC) all silicon trackers with real time triggering capability are under consideration. A doublet structure, consisting of axial strip layers spaced close by in radius, is a natural configuration for transverse momentum triggering in the ~ 10-20 GeV/c range. Such structures are studied here in simulation in order to understand possible rejection power and data rates. Highly integrated multi-modular, ``stave'' structures have been under study as a general solution to the construction and design of a large silicon tracker. As a practical implementation of doublet trigger layers, staves are investigated here and found to offer certain simple technical extensions and advantages for this application.
Sub-10 nm patterning technique for site-controlled III-nitride quantum dot growth

An accurate and repeatable sub-10 nm patterning technique is proposed and demonstrated using atomic-layer deposition. Together with selective area epitaxy, this technique is suitable for the fabrication of III-nitride quantum dots.
Scapular Spine Stress Fracture as a Complication of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

We report a case of a stress fracture of the scapular spine which developed as a late complication of a reverse shoulder arthroplasty. After initially doing well after surgery, our patient developed pain and decreased shoulder function. A nondisplaced scapular spine fracture was noted on radiographs. Because reverse shoulder arthroplasty is a relatively new procedure in this country, radiologists may be unfamiliar with its potential complications. Stress or insufficiency fractures of the scapular spine and acromion are a potential complication of reverse shoulder arthroplasty, due to increased functional demands of the deltoid muscle, which is often combined with deficiency of acromial bone due to rotator cuff arthropathy and osteopenia.
Review of measures of neuropathic pain

Eight measures of neuropathic pain exist that have been designed to discriminate neuropathic from non-neuropathic pain and detect treatment effects. The current paper describes these measures and summarizes the evidence supporting their validity. Based on the available evidence, the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms appears to have the most empirical support as a measure that distinguishes patients with and without neuropathic pain in patient samples presenting with mixed chronic pain problems. However, given the lack of overlap in measures designed for this purpose, it is likely that the validity of any one measure could be improved by incorporating items from the others. The Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS) has the most empirical support as a measure of treatment outcome, although a new measure that includes the NPS items (the Pain Quality Assessment Scale) will likely prove to be even more useful, because it includes pain descriptors common to people with neuropathic and other chronic pain conditions not included on the NPS.
The methanation activity of W(110)

Abstract The methanation activity of W(110) was measured over a range of reactant partial pressures and temperatures (PH2 = 1–1000 Torr, PCO = 0.1–10 Torr, T = 475–820 K). Plotting the results in an Arrhenius fashion yielded a lower apparent activation energy (Ea = 56 kJmol−1) than previously determined for Ni(100) (Ea = 103 kJmol−1) with an activity surpassing that of Ni at lower temperatures. The H2 pressure dependence of the methanation activity was found to be much stronger for W(110) than for Ni(100), the surface becoming increasingly inactive at the lowest H2 pressures investigated. Auger electron spectroscopy revealed the active catalytic surface to be carbidic in nature.
Use of a double resonance electron capture dissociation experiment to probe fragment intermediate lifetimes

The relative abundances of fragment ions in electron capture dissociation (ECD) are often greatly affected by the secondary and tertiary structures of the precursor ion, and have been used to derive the gas-phase conformations of the protein ions. In this study, it is found that resonance ejection of the charge reduced molecular ion during ECD resulted in significant changes in many fragment ion populations. The ratio of the ion peak intensities in the double resonance (DR)-ECD to that in the normal ECD experiment can be used to calculate the lifetime of the radical intermediates from which these fragments are derived. These lifetimes are often in the ms range, a time sufficiently long to facilitate multiple free radical rearrangements. These ratios correlate with the intramolecular noncovalent interactions in the precursor ion, and can be used to deduce information about the gas-phase conformation of peptide ions. DR-ECD experiments can also provide valuable information on ECD mechanisms, such as the importance of secondary electron capture and the origin of c·/z ions.
Redefining Hypotension in the Elderly: Normotension Is Not Reassuring

Background Recent debate concerns the most appropriate definition of hypotension. Some have advocated raising the systolic blood pressure (BP) threshold to 110 mm Hg while others favor 80 mm Hg. Hypothesis The optimal definition of hypotension differs by age group. Design An analysis was performed of trauma victims 18 years and older in the National Trauma Data Bank, excluding burn injury patients and those with incomplete data. Setting Injured patients who were hospitalized in various trauma centers across the continental United States. Patients Three age groups were identified for analysis as follows: 18 to 35 years, 36 to 64 years, and 65 years and older. One hundred one multiple logistic regression analyses were performed for each population. Hypotension was sequentially defined as an emergency department systolic BP (SBP) of 50 to 150 mm Hg to see which model best predicted mortality, adjusting for demographic and injury covariates. The discriminatory power of each model was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Optimally defined hypotension was identified as the model with the highest AUROC curve. Main Outcomes Measure In-hospital mortality. Results A total of 902 852 patients (median age, 44 years; 66.2% men) were analyzed. Overall mortality was 4.1%. Optimal emergency department SBP cutoff values for hypotension were 85 mm Hg for patients aged 18 to 35 years, 96 mm Hg for patients aged 36 to 64 years, and 117 mm Hg for elderly patients. Conclusions For patients younger than 65 years, the classic definition of hypotension as an emergency department SBP less than 90 mm Hg remains optimal. With increasing involvement of elderly individuals in trauma and their peculiarity as a comorbid state, there is a need to redefine what is presently defined as a cutoff value for hypotension in elderly patients.
Phenotypic flexibility in digestive system structure and function in migratory birds and its ecological significance

Birds during migration must satisfy the high energy and nutrient demands associated with repeated, intensive flight while often experiencing unpredictable variation in food supply and food quality. Solutions to such different challenges may often be physiologically incompatible. For example, increased food intake and gut size are primarily responsible for satisfying the high energy and nutrient demands associated with migration in birds. However, short-term fasting or food restriction during flight may cause partial atrophy of the gut that may limit utilization of ingested food energy and nutrients. We review the evidence available on the effects of long- and short-term changes in food quality and quantity on digestive performance in migratory birds, and the importance of digestive constraints in limiting the tempo of migration in birds. Another important physiological consequence of feeding in birds is the effect of diet on body composition dynamics during migration. Recent evidence suggests that birds utilize and replenish both protein and fat reserves during migration, and diet quality influences the rate of replenishment of both these reserves. We conclude that diet and phenotypic flexibility in both body composition and the digestive system of migratory birds are important in allowing birds to successfully overcome the often-conflicting physiological challenges of migration.
Embracing the catastrophe : Gay body seeks acceptance

This article examines the constitution of gay male identity through embodied performances in Steamworks, a gay male bathhouse in Chicago. Motivated by Kabat-Zinn's (1990) Buddhist conceptualizations of catastrophe and mindfulness, I reflectively track the ways in which desirability influences disconnection and identity negotiation as it occurs within a pervasive, generalized, and highly influential conceptualization of the idealized gay male body. Personal narratives scan experiences at Steamworks in which my body—less than the “ideal”—matters to me and to others culturally. I use Butler's (1990) notion of performativity to propose stylized and normative ways in which subjectivity comes to be through uses of the body.
Possible role of octopamine and tyramine in the antihypertensive and antidepressant effects of tyrosine

The administration of a dose of 200 mg/kg of tyrosine (as either the free amino acid or the ethyl ester) increased the 24-hour excretion of p-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (p-HPG) and p-hydroxyphenylethanol, metabolites of octopamine and tyramine, by 147 and 50%, respectively. One hour after this dose of tyrosine, brain levels of p-HPG and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (p-HPA), another metabolite of tyramine, were increased by 82 and 196%, respectively. Pretreatment with Ro4-4602, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, reduced by 50% the tyrosine-induced increases in brain p-HPA levels, suggesting that tyramine was partially formed in the brain parenchyma. Tyrosine caused only slight, but non-significant increases in brain levels of catecholamine metabolites. These results suggest that tyrosine-induced increases in the production of tyramine and octopamine in brain may account for some of the effects of tyrosine, such as its antihypertensive and reported antidepressant properties.
Collection development for digital photographs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges involved in collecting and managing digital photographs and provide advice for librarians in appraising, formulating collection development policies, and negotiating gifts of digital photographs.Design/methodology/approach – The ideas in the article are based on author's work with digital photographs at Washington State University and research for a workshop taught through the OCLC Western office on digital photograph collections including long term preservation and management.Findings – By careful appraisal of digital photographs including the consideration of image format, descriptive and technical metadata, and the development of collection development policies, library professionals will ensure that they develop viable collections of digital photographs.Practical implications – The paper is a very commonsense guide for librarians and visual image curators who are charged to manage and develop collections of digital photographs.Originalit...
Hot zones formation in packed bed reactors

Abstract Stationary and complex moving hot zones were observed during atmospheric oxidation of carbon monoxide on the top surface of a shallow packed bed, consisting of several layers of spherical catalytic pellets (Pd/Al2O3). The test reaction was atmospheric oxidation of carbon monoxide. The reactor was run under conditions for which steady-state multiplicity and hot zone existed for some feed temperatures. The size of the hot zones was much larger than that of individual particles. IR imaging revealed that the hot and cold regions (temperature difference of the order of 100°C) were separated by a sharp (about 3 mm wide) temperature front. A very intricate periodic motion in which the hot zone repeatedly split and coalesced was observed in the shallow packed bed reactor. The transition from the branch of uniformly ignited to the states with a hot region was usually supercritical. It is not yet clear which rate processes generate the transversal hot zones in uniform packed bed reactors.
Electrostatic mechanisms underlie neomycin block of the cardiac ryanodine receptor channel (RyR2).

Neomycin is a large, positively charged, aminoglycoside antibiotic that has previously been shown to induce a voltage-dependent substate block in the cardiac isoform of the ryanodine receptor (RyR2). It was proposed that block involved an electrostatic interaction between neomycin and putative regions of negative charge in both the cytosolic and luminal mouths of the pore. In this study, we have attempted to screen charge by increasing potassium concentration in single-channel experiments. Neomycin block is apparent at both cytosolic and luminal faces of the channel in all K+ concentrations tested and alterations in K+ concentration have no effect on the amplitudes of the neomycin-induced substates. However, the kinetics of both cytosolic and luminal block are sensitive to changes in K+ concentration. In both cases increasing the K+ concentration leads to an increase in dissociation constant (KD). Underlying these changes are marked increases in rates of dissociation (koff), with little change in rates of association (kon). The increase in koff is more marked at the luminal face of the channel. Changes in K+ concentration also result in alterations in the voltage dependence of block. We have interpreted these data as supporting the proposal that neomycin block of RyR2 involves electrostatic interactions with the polycation forming a poorly fitting “plug” in the mouths of the conduction pathway. These observations emphasize the usefulness of neomycin as a probe for regions of charge in both the cytosolic and luminal mouths of the RyR2 pore.
Pear Scab: Components of Potential Ascospore Dose and Validation of an Ascospore Maturity Model

ABSTRACT Variables necessary to calculate potential ascospore dose (PAD) for Venturia pirina, the causal agent of pear scab, were measured: area of individual leaves averaged 20.0 cm2, number of lesions per infected leaf ranged from 1.8 to 2.2, 13.5 to 41.7% of lesions were fertile (contained pseudothecia), number of pseudothecia per fertile lesion ranged from 15.2 to 24.4, and number of asci per pseudothecium averaged 131.5. The proportions of orchard floor covered with leaves (leaf litter density) were 0.34 and 0.67 for mowed and nonmowed orchards, respectively. Incidence of infected leaves ranged from 0.1 to 32.3%. Calculated PAD ranged from 1,114 to 708,320 ascospores per m2 in a commercial and an unsprayed orchard, respectively. For validation of a previously published model relating ascospore maturity to degree-days with a 0°C base, a linear regression equation was developed using 11 data sets collected between 1981 and 1998. The slope of the line was not different (P = 0.951) from that of the origi...
Coding sequence and exon/intron organization of the canine CLN3 (Batten disease) gene and its exclusion as the locus for ceroid-lipofuscinosis in English setter dogs.

Hereditary ceroid-lipofuscinosis in English setters has been proposed to be the canine equivalent of human juvenile ceroid-lipofuscinosis, which results from defects in the CLN3 gene. Analyses were performed to determine whether the disease in English setters is also the consequence of a CLN3 gene mutation. Canine CLN3 cDNA was found to contain a 1,314-bp open reading frame predicting a derived amino acid sequence which is 89%, 85%, and 84% identical to the predicted amino acid sequences for the human, mouse, and rabbit CLN3 proteins, respectively. The canine gene has sixteen exons. No differences were detected when cDNA nucleotide sequences from an English setter with ceroid-lipofuscinosis and from a normal dog were compared. Moreover, alleles of the canine CLN3 gene distinguished by an intragenic marker segregated independently from the disease in an English setter family, eliminating CLN3 as the locus for the canine disease. A ceroid-lipofuscinosis-affected Tibetan terrier was homozygous for a Gly70Glu CLN3 variant; however, this allele is common in dog breeds considered free of ceroid-lipofuscinosis. J. Neurosci. Res. 52:268–275, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Performance Characterization of Half Warm Mix Asphalt Using Foaming Technology

The objective of this study was to evaluate the moisture susceptibility, rutting, and fatigue resistance of laboratory-made half warm mix asphalt (HWMA) mixtures containing moist aggregates and recycled materials such as manufactured roofing shingles and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The test properties evaluated in this study included weight loss (%), indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), wet flow, wet toughness, percent toughness loss, rut depth of dry and wet conditioned specimens, rut index, and beam fatigue life. The experimental design in this study included the use of foaming technology and three hydrated lime contents (0, 1, and 2% by weight of aggregate), three aggregate sources (designated as A, B, and C), three fractioned RAP sources from the same aggregate sources, and one PG 64-22 binder. A total of 27 mixtures was designed, and a total of 120 ITS samples, 162 asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) samples, and 36 fatigue beams were tested in this study. Results indicated that the addition of recycled materials such as RAP or roofing shingles can be effectively employed in HWMA mixtures, which did not reduce wet ITS and TSR values, although the compaction temperature was only 85°C. The influence of the moist aggregate used in HWMA on rut depth can be neglected and even results in a better rut resistance when incorporating recycled materials. Stiffness values of mixtures with recycled materials were generally dependent on the aggregate type. Based on the statistical analysis for the selected aggregates, no significant difference in fatigue life was observed for mixtures with recycled materials and control mixtures.
Ensemble-Based Method for Task 2: Predicting Traffic Jam

In this paper, we describe our solution for ICDM 2010 Contest Task 2 (Jams), where the task is to predict future where the next traffic jams will occur in morning rush hour, given data gathered during the initial phase of this peak period. Our solution, which is based on an ensemble approach, finished Second in the final evaluation.
Quantitative study of the tectally projecting retinal ganglion cells in the adult frog: I. The size of the contralateral and ipsilateral projections.

The proportion of ganglion cells connected to the several central targets of the retinal projection varies in different species. In the frog, the retinotectal projection is clearly the largest branch of the optic pathway and the relative size of the tectally projecting population can be expected to be correspondingly great. However, there have been no studies aimed at quantifying the size of this population and at partitioning its contralateral and ipsilateral components. We injected the tectum with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) dried onto fine needles to count the numbers of retinal ganglion cells labeled by retrograde transport. The retinas were prepared as flat-mounts to facilitate the cell counting. The tecta were injected either unilaterally or bilaterally in mirror-symmetric loci. Specimens included completely normal frogs and frogs which had undergone unilateral optic nerve regeneration, although only normal retinas are presented in the current study. The retrograde transport interval was varied progressively (from 3 to 5 days), and single or multiple injection's of HRP were placed singly or as clusters, in order to increment the cell counts toward a level of saturation. Approximately 70.9% of the neurons in the ganglion cell layer could be labeled by this method. Correcting for the presence of displaced amacrine cells, estimated to comprise approximately 16% of the neurons in the ganglion cell layer (Scalia et al., '85, Brain Res. 344:267–280), we calculate that approximately 84.4% of the retinal ganglion cells project contralaterally to the optic tectum. Flat-mounted retinas ipsilateral to unilaterally injected tecta of completely normal frogs were also examined for labeled cells. The results of injections in the rostrolateral, caudomedial, and caudolateral tectum were studied. We found that ipsilaterally labeled cells comprised no more than 2.3% of the overall population of ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer. The ipsilaterally projecting cells were found in loci which were approximately mirror-symmetric to the regions of maximal cell labeling in the contralateral retinas from the same animals. The ipsilateral population was always displaced toward the periphery of the retina with respect to the contralateral population, regardless of whether the contralateral locus was centered in the temporal, ventronasal, or dorsonasal sector of the retina. Because the ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells form such a minor population, and because they exist in the monocular as well as the binocular parts of the retina, it seems likely that they may not play a significant role in visual function in the frog.
ISWI, a member of the SWl2/SNF2 ATPase family, encodes the 140 kDa subunit of the nucleosome remodeling factor

The generation of an accessible heat shock promoter in chromatin in vitro requires the concerted action of the GAGA transcription factor and NURF, an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling factor. NURF is composed of four subunits and is biochemically distinct from the SWI2/SNF2 multiprotein complex, a transcriptional activator that also appears to alter nucleosome structure. We have obtained protein microsequence and immunological evidence identifying the 140 kDa subunit of NURF as ISWI, previously of unknown function but highly related to SWI2/SNF2 only in the ATPase domain. The ISWI protein is localized to the cell nucleus and is expressed throughout Drosophila development at levels as high as 100,000 molecules/cell. The convergence of biochemical and genetic studies on ISWI and SWI2/SNF2 underscores these ATPases and their close relatives as key components of independent systems for chromatin remodeling.
Completion of operator partial matrices associated with chordal graphs

H. Dym and I. Gohberg established in [6] necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an invertible block matrix F=(Fij)i,j=1,...,n such that Fij=Rij for |i−j|≤m and F−1 has a band triangular factorization and so (F−1)ij=0 for |i−j|>m. Here Rij, |i−j|≤m are given block matrices.
Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3

Spray pyrolysis was used to synthesize lead magnesium niobate (PMN) by atomizing a mixture of nitrate aqueous solutions into a high-temperature furnace. This approach allows for instant removal of solvents and decomposition of metal–salts, thereby limiting phase segregation on a nanometer scale, and lowering the transformation temperature for pyrochlore-to-perovskite phase transition. As-synthesized particles were nanocrystalline pyrochlores, with an average crystallite size ∼22 nm. More than 96% perovskite phase was obtained when as-sprayed powders were subsequently calcined at 750°C for 4 h. Sintered PMN ceramics exhibited the typical frequency-dependent dielectric properties, with a peak value of dielectric constant of 18 000, and a transition temperature at −9.6°C at 100 Hz. A series of ceramics were prepared with varied grain sizes. Increasing the grain size increased the dielectric constant, probably due to the smaller fraction of the less-polarizable grain-boundary phases.
Cross-ratio distortion and Douady-Earle extension: II. Quasiconformality and asymptotic conformality are local

Let f be an orientation-preserving circle homeomorphism and Φ the Douady-Earle extension of f. In this paper, we show that the quasiconformality and asymptotic conformality of Φ are local properties; i.e., if f is quasisymmetric or symmetric on an arc of the unit circle, then Φ is quasiconformal or asymptotically conformal nearby. Furthermore, our methods enable us to conclude the global quasiconformality and asymptotic conformality from local properties. In the quasiconformal case, our methods also enable us to provide an upper bound for the maximal dilatation of Φ on a neighborhood of the arc in the open unit disk in terms of the cross-ratio distortion norm of f on the arc.
Alkyl chain propagation by methylene insertion on Cu(100)

Abstract One of the mechanisms proposed for formation of carbon carbon bonds in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the so-called carbide/methylene mechanism, involves the propagation of alkyl chains on the catalyst surface by methylene insertion. The studies reported here provide evidence for this reaction on single crystal copper surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Alkyl iodides are used as molecular precursors to generate adsorbed methylene and alkyl groups on a Cu(100) surface. High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and work function change measurements show that C I bond dissociation occurs below 200 K in iodoalkanes to form alkyl groups on the surface. Indirect evidence supports the formation of adsorbed methylene groups via CH 2 I 2 dissociation. Temperature-programmed reaction studies of the CH 2 + CD 3 reaction show that sequential CH 2 insertion followed by β-hydride elimination produces ethylene-d 2 and propylene-d 3 . Similarly, reaction of CH 2 with C 2 D 5 produces propylene-d 4 . All of these reactions are extremely facile, occurring at 230-250 K with activation energies of 12-20 kcal/mol. Similar studies on Cu(110) show that the methylene insertion reaction is structure sensitive, being approximately two orders of magnitude faster on Cu(100) than on Cu(110). The source of this difference appears to be slow diffusion of methylene across the corrugated Cu(110) surface.
Prisoner reentry programs: penetrating the black box for better theory and practice, by Eric Grommon, El Paso, TX, LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, 2013, 232 pp., US$70.00 (hardcover), ISBN-13 978-1-59332-537-4

Prisoner Reentry Programs provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of prisoner reentry research and theory in the United States. The author, Eric L. Grommon, is an Assistant Professor...
Simulated superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome

Three patients with simulated Brown's superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome are presented. With the use of computed tomographic (CT) findings, the site of the pathology could be demonstrated. In all three patients, there were definite abnormal findings in the anterior sheath of the reflected tendon of the superior oblique. The abnormal findings in one case were confirmed at the time of surgery. Therapy in two of the cases was determined by the abnormal findings on the CT scan.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer of unknown primary: toxicity and preliminary efficacy.

Purpose Unknown primary head and neck cancers often require comprehensive mucosal and bilateral neck irradiation. With conventional techniques, significant toxicity can develop. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has the potential to minimize the toxicity. Methods and Materials Between 2000 and 2005, 21 patients underwent IMRT for unknown primary head and neck cancer at our center. Of the 21 patients, 5 received IMRT with definitive intent and 16 as postoperative therapy; 14 received concurrent chemotherapy and 7 IMRT alone. The target volumes included the bilateral neck and mucosal surface. The median dose was 66 Gy. Acute and chronic toxicities, esophageal strictures, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube dependence were evaluated. Progression-free survival, regional progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival were estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves. Results With a median follow-up of 24 months, the 2-year regional progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival rate was 90%, 90%, and 85%, respectively. Acute grade 1 and 2 xerostomia was seen in 57% and 43% of patients, respectively. Salivary function improved with time. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement was required in 72% with combined modality treatment and 43% with IMRT alone. Only 1 patient required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy support at the last follow-up visit. Two patients treated with combined modality and one treated with IMRT alone developed esophageal strictures, but all had improvement or resolution with dilation. Conclusion The preliminary analysis of IMRT for unknown primary head and neck cancer has shown acceptable toxicity and encouraging efficacy. The analysis of the dosimetric variables showed excellent tumor coverage and acceptable doses to critical normal structures. Esophageal strictures developed but were effectively treated with dilation. Techniques to limit the esophageal dose could help further minimize this complication.
Applied Field and Total Dose Dependence of Trapped Charge Buildup in MOS Devices

A rate equation for charge buildup which includes carrier sweep out, geminate recombination, hole/ electron trapping, and effects of internal fields is developed. The first moment of the resulting charge distribution is calculated to yield the midgap voltage shift as a function of irradiation time. The initial midgap voltage shift per dose and the maximum midgap voltage shift are derived. The field dependence of these quantities is shown to be a consequence of the field dependence of the hole/electron capture cross sections and geminate recombination escape probability The results of this formulation show that the E-1/2 decrease in the midgap shift per dose with field described in the literature is due to the decrease of the hole capture cross section with increasing applied field. The theory is validated by comparison with experimental results obtained on 225 A thermal oxide on p-type silicon test capacitors irradiated under bias at room temperature.
CYP701A8: A Rice ent-Kaurene Oxidase Paralog Diverted to More Specialized Diterpenoid Metabolism

All higher plants contain an ent-kaurene oxidase (KO), as such a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 701 family member is required for gibberellin (GA) phytohormone biosynthesis. While gene expansion and functional diversification of GA-biosynthesis-derived diterpene synthases into more specialized metabolism has been demonstrated, no functionally divergent KO/CYP701 homologs have been previously identified. Rice (Oryza sativa) contains five CYP701A subfamily members in its genome, despite the fact that only one (OsKO2/CYP701A6) is required for GA biosynthesis. Here we demonstrate that one of the other rice CYP701A subfamily members, OsKOL4/CYP701A8, does not catalyze the prototypical conversion of the ent-kaurene C4α-methyl to a carboxylic acid, but instead carries out hydroxylation at the nearby C3α position in a number of related diterpenes. In particular, under conditions where OsKO2 catalyzes the expected conversion of ent-kaurene to ent-kaurenoic acid required for GA biosynthesis, OsKOL4 instead efficiently reacts with ent-sandaracopimaradiene and ent-cassadiene to produce the corresponding C3α-hydroxylated diterpenoids. These compounds are expected intermediates in biosynthesis of the oryzalexin and phytocassane families of rice antifungal phytoalexins, respectively, and can be detected in rice plants under the appropriate conditions. Thus, it appears that OsKOL4 plays a role in the more specialized diterpenoid metabolism of rice, and our results provide evidence for divergence of a KO/CYP701 family member from GA biosynthesis. This further expands the range of enzymes recruited from the ancestral GA primary pathway to the more complex and specialized labdane-related diterpenoid metabolic network found in rice.
Mechanism and role of growth arrest in programmed (apoptotic) death of prostatic cancer cells induced by thapsigargin

BACKGROUND More than 95% of metastatic androgen independent prostatic cancer cells per day are in a proliferatively quiescent G0 state [Berges et al.: Clin Cancer Res 1:473–480, 1995] limiting their responsiveness to anti-proliferative chemotherapeutic agents. Novel therapeutics capable of activating the programmed (apoptotic) death pathway in these cells without requiring entrance into the proliferative cell cycle are urgently needed. Thapsigargin (TG) treatment of rapidly growing androgen independent prostatic cancer cells arrests such cells in G0 and induces their programmed death. This raises not only the issue of the mechanism for such growth arrest, but also whether this programmed death is simply a response of rapidly growing cells to growth arrest making cytotoxicity still dependent upon the initial rate of cell proliferation. METHODS To resolve the mechanism of TG induced growth arrest, rat AT3.1 prostatic cancer cells were analyzed for RNA and protein expression of the growth arrest gene, gadd153, intracellular free Ca2+ levels (Cai), and cell cycle distribution on exposure to TG alone and in combination with Ca2+ chelation induced by BAPTA-AM or BAPTA-AM/EGTA. To resolve whether growth arrest is required for TG cytotoxicity, primary cultures of proliferatively quiescent, human prostatic cancer cells were exposed to TG. RESULTS Co-treatment of androgen independent AT-3 rat prostatic cancer cells with the Cai chelator BAPTA plus TG prevented growth arrest, as monitored by DNA flow cytometry, and failure to induce mRNA and protein for gadd153, demonstrating that growth arrest is due to Cai elevation, not depletion of intracellular Ca2+ pools. In addition, proliferatively quiescent G0 primary cultures of human prostatic cancer cells were resistant to anti-proliferative agents, but could be induced to undergo programmed death by TG as documented by morphological criteria and 14C-labeled DNA fragmentation assays. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TG with its ability to elevate Cai induces proliferating prostate cancer cells to growth arrest. Such Cai dependent growth arrest is not required, however, since TG can induce the programmed death of proliferatively quiescent G0 prostatic cancer cells without requiring either growth arrest or progression through the proliferative cell cycle. Prostate 33:201–207, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Current designs for fast frequency hopping with MFSK

The performance of many existing communications systems can be improved simply by replacing the currently used forward error correction (FEC) code with a modern iteratively decodable FEC code. The potential improvements of adding modern FEC are even more pronounced for systems that do not currently employ any FEC. In this paper, we compare the performance of fast frequency hopping with simple diversity schemes using only symbol repetition and diversity schemes that also employ convolutional codes, short-block-length iteratively decodable codes, and long-block-length iteratively decodable codes. Both partial-band noise and multi-tone jamming channels are considered. The most powerful codes-namely, the long block length iteratively decodable codes-are shown to greatly improve link robustness while at the same time allow larger data rates than the traditional diversity approaches. In addition, it is demonstrated that these codes enable a system to realize the full benefit of independent tone hopping.
419 FAMILIAL PYRIMIDINEMIA AND PYRIMIDINURIA, A NEW PHARMACOGENETIC DISORDER?

Two siblings were found to have elevated plasma concentrations and increased urinary excretion of uracil (U) and thymine (T) (as high as 50 times normal for U and 100 times normal for T, when compared to 17 healthy adult controls). The female sibling developed severe neurotoxicity after chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for breast cancer. Both had normal serum and urinary uric acid concentrations and also normal urinary orotic acid levels. Thymidine kinase activity in the female's WBC was normal 17.30 pmoles/mg protein/min (controls 19.37±7.02). Three other members of the family (mother and two other siblings) had normal plasma and urine levels of U and T. This metabolic aberration can be explained by the decreased degradation of U, T and 5-FU in the liver. Degradation of pyrimidine bases could not be demonstrated in normal fibroblasts. The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase was assayed in rat liver. 5-FU was found to be a substrate for this enzyme in vitro. We postulate that the two siblings have a defect in hepatic dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase causing decreased degradation and enhancement of 5-FU toxicity in one sibling.
Data Requirements and Preliminary Results of an Analog-Model Evaluation—Arkansas River Valley in Eastern Coloradoa

The intensively irrigated Arkansas River Valley in Colorado is underlain by a valley-fill aquifer resting in a U-shaped trough cut in relatively impermeable Cretaceous rocks. Ground water is pumped to supplement surface water; in the last 10 years pumping has more than doubled. Ground water is closely related to the Arkansas River; percolation from irrigation recharges the aquifer, which discharges into the river. Pumping has resulted in a reduction in streamflow because it intercepts water that ordinarily would have reached the river. The 1,500 irrigation wells in the Arkansas Valley withdrew 230,000 acre-feet of water in 1964. An analog model is being used to evaluate the relation of ground water to surface water and to predict effects of changes in water management. The model, simulating a 150-mile reach of the Arkansas Valley (Pueblo to the State line), has a resistor spacing of 8 per modeled mile. The framework for the model was a transmissibility map; transmissibility ranges from less than 50,000 to 700,000 gallons per day per foot. Specific yield averages about 0.2. Hydrologic boundaries, such as the Arkansas River, and the bedrock valley-fill contact were simulated. Applied water, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and ground-water pumping were the independent variables programed. The model is being verified by comparing predicted changes in water level and river discharge with observed changes.
How Variations in Parents’ Use of Confrontive and Coercive Control Relate to Variations in Parent–Adolescent Conflict, Adolescent Disclosure, and Parental Knowledge: Adolescents’ Perspective

Benefits and drawbacks of parental control exercised in relation to adolescents continue to be debated in socialization research with greater emphasis being placed on the benefits of parental autonomy-granting than parental control. We examined the relations between maternal and paternal control and parent–adolescent conflict frequency and intensity as well as parental knowledge of adolescent activities and adolescents’ disclosure of their activities to parents. Adolescents in grades 10 and 12 were interviewed about parenting practices their parents employed when regulating 18 adolescent activities. Thirty-seven parenting practices emerged from which authoritarian, directive, authoritative, democratic, and unengaged parenting clusters were derived. Adolescents whose mothers and fathers were classified as directive or authoritative reported less conflict with parents, more disclosure to parents, and more parental knowledge than adolescents whose mothers and fathers were classified as authoritarian. Coercive control practices of authoritarian parents as well as nondemanding practices of unengaged parents and to some extent of democratic parents were related to more negative parent–child relationship indicators than was the extensive use of firm/confrontive control (rational-demanding) by directive parents or authoritative parents. Evidence herein supports the conclusion that even for middle and late adolescents, parental control that is rational and firm is related to beneficial parent–child relationship qualities. Therefore, practitioners should underscore the importance of continued parental control during adolescence not just of autonomy-granting.