cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Considerations When Transitioning the Care of Epilepsy Patients from Pediatric to Adult Epilepsy Centers

There is scarce evidence in review of the available literature to support a clear and superior model for the transition of care for epilepsy patients from pediatric to adult centers. Anecdotally, there is a common perception that families are reluctant to make this change and that the successful transition of care for epilepsy can be a challenge for patients, families, and physicians. As part of the effort to prepare the patient and family for the adult model of care, several treatment issues should be addressed. In this article, we discuss the specific challenges for physicians in transition of care for epilepsy patients from a pharmacological standpoint, which include differences in metabolism and pharmacodynamics that can impact tolerability or efficacy of antiepileptic medications, lifestyle changes affecting medication compliance and seizure control, acquired adult health conditions necessitating new medications that may result in adverse drug interactions, and adult neurologists' potential lack of familiarity with certain medications typically used in the pediatric epilepsy population. We offer this as a guide to avoid one of the many possible pitfalls when epilepsy patients transition to adult care.
Comparative Determination of Cytotoxicity of Sub-10 nm Copper Nanoparticles to Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Systems

Copper nanoparticles demonstrate antibacterial activity, but their toxicity to eukaryotic systems is less understood. Here, we carried out a comparative study to determine the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of sub-10 nm copper nanoparticles to a variety of biological systems, including prokaryotic cells (Escherichia coli), yeast, mammalian cell lines (HEK293T, PC12), and zebrafish embryos. We determined the bearing threshold for the cell-death-inducing concentration of copper nanoparticles by probing cell growth, viability, as well as embryological features. To exclude the partial toxicity effect from the remnant reactants, we developed a purification approach using agarose gel electrophoresis. Purified CuONP solution inhibits bacterial growth and causes eukaryotic cell death at 170 and 122.5 ppm (w/w) during the 18 h of treatment, respectively. CuONP significantly reduces the pigmentation of retina pigmented epithelium of zebrafish embryos at 85 ppm. The cytotoxicity of CuONP in eukaryotic cells could arise from the oxidative stress induced by CuONP. This result suggests that small copper nanoparticles exert cytotoxicity in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, and therefore, caution should be used to avoid direct contact of copper nanoparticles to human tissues considering the potential use of copper nanoparticles in the clinical setting.
Abstract 13597: Association Between Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy Prescription in the Blanking Period and Recurrent Atrial Arrhythmias After First-time Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) are often prescribed in the blanking period (BP) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) to reduce risk of early recurrence (ER) and late recurr...
Relevance of Circulating Hybrid Cells as a Non-Invasive Biomarker for Myriad Solid Tumors

Abstract Metastatic progression defines the final stages of tumor evolution and underlies the majority of cancer-related deaths. The heterogeneity in disseminated tumor cell populations capable of seeding and growing in distant organ sites contributes to the development of treatment resistant disease. We recently reported the identification of a novel tumor-derived cell population, circulating hybrid cells (CHCs), harboring attributes from both macrophages and neoplastic cells, including functional characteristics important to metastatic spread. These disseminated hybrids outnumber conventionally defined circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer patients. It is unknown if CHCs represent a generalized cancer mechanism for cell dissemination, or if this population is relevant to the metastatic cascade. Herein, we detect CHCs in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer in myriad disease sites encompassing epithelial and non-epithelial malignancies. Further, we demonstrate that in vivo-derived hybrid cells harbor tumor-initiating capacity in murine cancer models and that CHCs from human breast cancer patients express stem cell antigens, features consistent with the ability to seed and grow at metastatic sites. Finally, we reveal heterogeneity of CHC phenotypes reflect key tumor features, including oncogenic mutations and functional protein expression. Importantly, this novel population of disseminated neoplastic cells opens a new area in cancer biology and renewed opportunity for battling metastatic disease. Simple Summary There is an incomplete understanding of circulating neoplastic cell populations and the fundamental mechanisms that drive dissemination, immune evasion, and growth —all critical information to more effectively prevent and treat cancer progression. A novel disseminated tumor cell population, circulating hybrid cells, are detected across many cancer types and carry functional tumor-initiating properties. Additionally, circulating hybrid cells are found at significantly higher levels than conventionally defined circulating tumor cells. Our study demonstrates that neoplastic hybrid cells harbor phenotypic and genetic characteristics of tumor and immune cells, display stem features, and are a generalizable phenomenon in solid tumors. Circulating hybrid cells therefore have relevance as a novel biomarker and open a new field of study in malignancy.
Predicting mortality risk for preterm infants using random forest

Mortality is an unfortunately common outcome of extremely and very preterm birth. Existing clinical prediction models capture mortality risk at birth but fail to account for the remainder of the hospital course. Infants born < 32 weeks gestation with complete physiologic and clinical data were included in this retrospective study. Mortality risk was quantified by conventional means (clinical factors) using the CRIB-II score and the optimal logistic regression model. A random forest (RF) model was trained using a subset of the cohort, labeling data within 6 h of death as "worry." The model was then tested using the remaining infants. A total of 275 infants were included in the study with a mean gestational age of 27 weeks, mean birth weight of 929 g, 49% female, and a mortality rate of 21%. The CRIB-II and logistic regression models had acceptable performance with sensitivities of 71% and 80% AUC scores of 0.78 and 0.84, respectively. The RF model had superior performance with a sensitivity of 88% and an AUC of 0.93. A random forest model which incorporates fixed clinical factors with the influence of aberrancies in subsequent physiology has superior performance for mortality prediction compared to conventional models.
5′-Modifications improve potency and efficacy of DNA donors for precision genome editing

Nuclease-directed genome editing is a powerful tool for investigating physiology and has great promise as a therapeutic approach to correct mutations that cause disease. In its most precise form, genome editing can use cellular homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways to insert information from an exogenously supplied DNA repair template (donor) directly into a targeted genomic location. Unfortunately, particularly for long insertions, toxicity and delivery considerations associated with repair template DNA can limit HDR efficacy. Here, we explore chemical modifications to both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA-repair templates. We describe 5'-terminal modifications, including in its simplest form the incorporation of triethylene glycol (TEG) moieties, that consistently increase the frequency of precision editing in the germlines of three animal models (Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, mice) and in cultured human cells.
IDENTIFYING ORGANIZATIONAL CONTAINMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE CAREER PATHS OF BLACK EDUCATORS

IDENTIFYING ORGANIZATIONAL CONTAINMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE CAREER PATHS OF BLACK EDUCATORS By Risha RaQuelle Berry, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Charol Shakeshaft, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Educational Leadership School of Education The racial composition of the school workforce is the product of a complex interaction of social forces. School constituencies such as parents, students, and teachers impact new leader preferences. Their ideas influence decisions regarding who fits into school administration and who doesn't (Williams & Loeb, 2012). These "fit" preferences can shape school district ethos, which then influences access to social networks (Tooms, 2010). Limited entry to these networks may produce multiple disadvantages, particularly for Black educators. One way to think of this access is through the concept of containment. Restricted data from the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) will be used to detect containment trends: The set of systemic barriers organizational members encounter in pursuit of access to organizational resources critical to job effectiveness and career advancement. Left unchallenged, glass barriers in employment may reinforce pejorative judgments of minorities, isolating them in high stress, and low autonomy positions (Feagin, 2006).
Black–Latino Relations in U.S. National Politics: Beyond Conflict or Cooperation

Preface Introduction 1. What previous research tells us about Black-Latino relations 2. Black-Latino relations in congressional testimony and the legal arena 3. Salience and congruence in policy positions: Black-Latino advocacy groups and congressional scorecards 4. Black-Latino relations in the U.S. House of Representatives 5. The role of group interests and ideology in cross-group support 6. Further explorations of Black-Latino relations and policies in natural politics 7. Conclusion.
Depression, Capacity, and a Request to Discontinue Life-Sustaining Treatment.

There is ethical and legal consensus that a patient has the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment (LST), as an expression of autonomy-based principles, when the patient demonstrates an appropri...
Study of Low-Lying 1 − States in Er 1 6 6 , 1 6 8 , 1 7 0 Using the Resonant Scattering of Bremsstrahlung

In addition to the previously known ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states of $^{166}\mathrm{Er}$ at 1663 and 1830 keV, levels at 1812 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 keV ($^{166}\mathrm{Er}$), 1786 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 keV ($^{168}\mathrm{Er}$), and 1824 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 keV ($^{170}\mathrm{Er}$) have been excited using electron bremsstrahlung. Based on the observed angular distributions of the scattered photons, all three previously unknown levels were found to have spin 1. Linear polarization measurements using a two-slab Ge(Li) polarimeter led to negative parity assignments for the 1786- and 1824-keV levels but were inconclusive with respect to the less strongly excited 1812-keV level. Below 1.9 MeV, the 1663-, 1786-, and 1824-keV levels are the dominant $E1$ excitations in their respective isotopes, the partial widths of their ground-state transitions being ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}=32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5,46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5, \mathrm{and} 30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$ meV. The $\frac{B(E1;{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.)}{B(E1;{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}_{1}^{+})}$ ratios of 0.52 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.02, 0.51 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.02, and 0.53 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.02 differ considerably from the ratio 1.31 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.11 for the 1812-keV level and the reported ratio 0.22 for the 1830-keV ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state and are very close to the Alaga value of 0.50 for $K={0}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ levels.
Why Societies Need Dissent

Introduction: Conformity and Dissent 1 Doing What Others Do 2 Obeying (and Disobeying) the Law 3 Traveling in Herds 4 What Will the Neighbors Think? 5 Free Speech 6 The Law of Group Polarization 7 The Framers' Greatest Contribution 8 Are Judges Conformists Too? 9 Affirmative Action in Higher Education Conclusion: Why Dissent? Notes Index
Redressing Ecological Poverty Through Participatory Democracy: Case Studies from India

For the rural poor - who depend above all the land for their survival - a central development challenge is to sustain a base of natural capital that can support a robust local economy. In India, government mismanagement of forests, grazing lands, and water resources has often alienated rural people and exacerbated resource degradation. This paper shows the potential to reverse these trends when local people gain control over natural resources and manage them through systems of participatory democracy. Four case studies from semi-arid, hilly regions of India illustrate how democratic control of natural assets can lay the basis for ecological restoration and sustainable livelihoods.
Valuing Volunteers: The Case for a Community Service Tax Benefit

First passed by Congress in 1954, section 170 of the Internal Revenue Code allows individuals and corporations to deduct from their income taxes monetary contributions they make to charitable organizations. However, there has never been a comparable provision that allows deductions for volunteer community service hours on behalf of those same organizations for which money donors benefit from section 170's incentives to give. This paper proposes that section 170 be amended to allow taxpayers to deduct the value of their volunteer community service hours at the federal minimum wage rate, and outlines mechanisms to account for those hours and properly audit those claiming community service tax benefits. Such a provision would provide a small but measurable incentive for more people to get directly involved and invested in the charitable services and grassroots development programs they value most in their communities. This incentive could help engage people in charitable activities who otherwise cannot afford to give money to those worthy causes. Further, the President's proposed budget for 2010 includes limiting or eliminating line-item deductions, including those for charities, which threatens to dry-up resources for those foundations and make it difficult or impossible for them to continue their work. This paper proposes the volunteer service deduction as a compliment to the current monetary donation deduction, not as a measure envisioned to supplement entirely the operational capabilities that community services and charities will lose if the budget passes as-proposed. But the looming possibility that existing incentives for charitable giving could soon be quite limited makes it even more important to facilitate the continued operation of invaluable charitable foundations and community services through volunteers, impassioned about their organizations' respective missions, for the benefit of their neighbors in need. This proposal was presented at American University's Graduate Leadership Council's conference: Urban Transformation: Public and Private Practices for Social Change. Currently posted are the principal proposed amendments to section 170, and Treasury Regulation section 1.170A-1. The full paper is forthcoming.
IBIZA: E-market Infrastructure for Custom-built Information Products

The merger of electronic commerce, intelligent agent and distributed computing technologies over TCP/IP-based platforms enables the creation of electronic markets in new types of products featuring both human and software agents as actors. One such example is a market in custom-built information products. These are information products that have been constructed to meet specific requirements provided by the consumer. Examples include custom research reports, analysis, and computational objects. How should these markets be designed? What are the market mechanisms that should be used to coordinate the interactions between the actors? What should be the decision strategies employed by the software agents that participate in the market? IBIZA is a computational workbench that enables designers to create and simulate electronic markets in information products. It provides a repository of software agents, bidding strategies, brokering strategies and market mechanisms. Using the repository, designers can instantiate particular designs of electronic markets and conduct experiments to study the impact of design decisions on desired objectives. In this paper, we focus on the key technical and economic issues encountered in the design of IBIZA. We illustrate using examples from our work on designing a software agent-based electronic market for automated model development.
The Bergman Kernel and Quadrature Domains in the Plane

A streamlined proof that the Bergman kernel associated to a quadrature domain in the plane must be algebraic will be given. A byproduct of the proof will be that the Bergman kernel is a rational function of z and one other explicit function known as the Schwarz function. Simplified proofs of several other well known facts about quadrature domains will fall out along the way. Finally, Bergman representative coordinates will be defined that make subtle alterations to a domain to convert it to a quadrature domain. In such coordinates, biholomorphic mappings become algebraic.
Learner Differences in Hint Processing.

Although ITSs are supposed to adapt to differences among learners, so far, little attention has been paid to how they might adapt to differences in how students learn from help. When students study with an Intelligent Tutoring System, they may receive multiple types of help, but may not comprehend and make use of this help in the same way. To measure the extent of such individual differences, we propose two new logistic regression models, ProfHelp and ProfHelp-ID. Both models extend the Performance Factors Analysis model (Pavlik, Cen & Koedinger, 2009) with parameters that represent the effect of hints on performance on the same step on which the help was given. Both models adjust for general student proficiency, prior practice on knowledge components, and knowledge component difficulty. Multilevel Bayesian implementations of these models were fit to data on student interactions with a geometry ITS, where students received on-demand problem-relevant help ranging from firstlevel hints that facilitate application of principles to specific and immediately actionable bottom-out hints. The model comparison showed that in this dataset students differ in their individual hintprocessing proficiency and these differences depend on hint levels. These results suggest that we can assess specific learning skills, e.g., making sense of instructional text, and in future work we may be able to remediate and improve such skills.
Timer Devices and Time Sharing

This chapter covers synchronization techniques, especially where the external world is considerably slower than the microcontroller. The chapter shows how to program these devices, how to use interrupts with them, and how they can be used to time multiplex the use of the processor. It describes hardware devices and their use for timing operations, and how these devices can be used to time multiplex the MPU. Further, the chapter shows how time sharing can be used with the Ariel operating system. It shows how a prepackaged and debugged operating system can provide time-sharing capabilities with significantly less effort. The timer and time-of-day hardware, time-sliced software, as well as Ariel service calls, provide the MMC2001 programmer an easy access to time synchronization. The time-of-day module (TOD) illustrates one of MMC200rs main design goals, which is to make the hardware as close as possible to the application, making it easy for an application to use standard time units like seconds. If timesharing is implemented using the real-time interrupt, a procedure can sleep a number of tick times. Finally, if Ariel is used, its service calls can be utilized to wait for a time, or until a time.
Different plant traits affect two pathways of riparian nitrogen removal in a restored freshwater wetland

Plants may have dissimilar effects on ecosystem processes because they possess different attributes. Given increasing biodiversity losses, it is important to understand which plant traits are key drivers of ecosystem functions. To address this question, we studied the response of two ecosystem functions that remove nitrogen (N) from wetland soils, the accumulation of N in plant biomass and denitrification potential (DNP), to variation in plant trait composition. Our experiment manipulated plant composition in a riparian wetland. We determined relative importance of plant traits and environmental variables as predictors of each ecosystem function. We demonstrate that Water Use Efficiency (WUE) had a strong negative effect on biomass N. Root porosity and belowground biomass were negatively correlated with DNP. Trait ordination indicated that WUE was largely orthogonal to traits that maximized DNP. These results indicate that plant species with different trait values are required to maintain multiple ecosystem functions, and provide a more mechanistic, trait-based link between the recent findings that higher biodiversity is necessary for multi-functionality. While we selected plant traits based on ecological theory, several of the plant traits were not good predictors of each ecosystem function suggesting the ecological theory linking traits to function is incomplete and requires strengthening.
Symmetry breaking and geometric confinement in VO2: Results from a three-dimensional infrared nano-imaging

Epitaxial strain can play an important role in controlling the local phase dynamics of transition metal oxides. With scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy, we visualize the three dimensional landscape of phase inhomogeneity in strained VO2 films grown on [100]R TiO2 substrates. We demonstrate that three different symmetries are spontaneously broken in the vicinity of the VO2 phase transition: (1) Monoclinic-tetragonal (rutile) crystal symmetry breaking due to the structural phase transition, (2) in-plane (x-y plane) rotational symmetry breaking due to the formation of periodic strain domains, and (3) out-of-plane (z-axis) mirror symmetry breaking at the film cross-section due to substrate-induced epitaxial strain.
Accounting for Parameter Uncertainties in Model Verification: An Illustration with Tropical Sea Surface Temperature

Abstract A simplified model originally developed to simulate sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific is extended in two directions. First, the model is formulated and run for the tropical Atlantic. Second, optimal values are determined for a number of model parameters, especially those determining surface heat flux. In the Pacific, the difference between model SST and data SST is the size of the probable error due to uncertainties in the heat flux, 0 (35 W m−2). in the equatorial Atlantic the discrepancies may also be attributed to heat flux errors but model-data differences in the Atlantic near coastal regions north of 10°N and south of 10°S are too large to be explained by heat flux errors: model problems involving other physical processes must be involved. By giving the best result possible in the face of our uncertain knowledge of the parameters and observations, the optimal-fit procedure unambiguously indicates which oceanic features require model changes in order to be adequately chara...
Audiovisual Equivalence of Stimuli in Acquisition of Associations at Two Reading Levels

Summary.-This reseacch was intended to investigate the difficulty experienced by retarded readers in acquiring associations between auditoty and visual information. First- and second-grade above- and below-average readers (ns = 41, 42) were presented paired-associate tasks involving: (a) simultaneous and delayed stimulus presentation, (b) visual-visual and visual-auditory stimuli, and (c) stimuli in which within-stimulus element sequence was and was not relevant in determining the associated response. Inferior paired-associate learning was noted in below-average readers, delayed-presentation tasks, and sequence-relevant tasks. No significant interactions were noted. Considerable recent research has examined the ability of retarded readers to recognize equivalence between auditory and visual stimuli. Birch and Belmont ( 1965) found that retarded readers were significantly inferior to adequate readers in selecting a visual dot pattern to match a series of auditory taps; this finding was subsequently obtained in further matching-to-sample tasks (Kahn & Birch, 1968) as well as in tasks requiring S to make "same/different" judgments regarding the stimuli (Bryden, 1972; Goyen & Lyle, 1973; VandeVoort, Senf, & Benton, 1972 ) . S's task in all of the above studies was to recognize equivalences between stimuli, equivalences based on physical characteristics such as spatial and temporal distribution. Less widely employed have been tasks in which S acquires completely arbitrary associations between stimuli, as is the case in paired-associate learning. When Bartholomeus and Doehring ( 1972) and Otto (1961 ) presented paired-associate tasks to adequate and retarded readers, they found the latter group to be significantly inferior in performance. The paramount issue arising from research on equivalence concerns the factor (s) causing difficulty for the retarded readers. The equivalence tasks generally employed have not allowed an adequate answer to this question because they have typically required S to: (a) process stimuli containing an internal sequence of elements (dots, taps, etc.), (b) remember the first stimulus long enough to compare it with the second, and (c) relate information from two sense modalities. The present research was intended to (a) investigate further the ability of equivalence-acquisition tasks to cause difficulty for retarded readers and (b) examine the roles of sequence, retention interval, and bimodality in causing this difficulty.
Best Practices for Enterprise Systems Deployment Projects in Global Corporations: An Exploratory Study from an Emerging Economy

Based on structured interviews with 56 professionals at four multinational corporations (MNC) in India, this paper identifies 20 best practices that lead to the success of Enterprise Systems (ES) deployment projects in MNCs. Information Systems (IS) professionals in four companies were interviewed to identify the best practices used by these corporations and to determine if these practices differ between Indian and Western MNCs. The findings of this exploratory study identify clear differences between the Indian and Western MNCs in their perception of ES best practices. These differences and some similarities are discussed in the paper.
The paradox of seduction by irrelevant details: How irrelevant information helps and hinders self-regulated learning

Abstract Instructors often rely on seductive details, such as jokes, stories, and video clips, to keep trainees entertained. However, this extraneous information may inadvertently detract from the course content, and the between-person nature of past research precludes understanding the dynamic process by which seductive details influence learning. Using a repeated measures field study, we found that seductive details indirectly improved learning performance by reducing negative affect and indirectly hindered learning performance by increasing the speed of reviewing and decreasing time on task. Seductive details also interfered with attentional focus for trainees with low pretraining knowledge but increased attentional focus for trainees with high pretraining knowledge. Finally, seductive details moderated the effect of learning performance on attrition from training. Learning performance had a less negative effect on attrition in modules with seductive details than in modules without seductive details.
Effect of Combined Stress on Yield and Fracture Behavior of Zircaloy-2

The yielding and fracture characteristics of Zircaloy-2 as a function of stress state were investigated at room temperature through the medium of thin- walled cylindrical specimens under internal pressure and axial tension. Stress states from uniaxial longitudinal tension to uniaxial tangential tension were examined. Two tests at elevated temperature were performed at a single stress ratio. lt was formd that the fracture ductility lessened with increasing biaxiality. A minimum in ductility was found at balanced biaxial tension where the fracture ductility. as expressed by the effective strain, was 29 per cent. The yielding and plastic flow properties were found to be highly anisotropic. Two methods were used to express the plastic flow data: a graphical approach and a theoretical analysis based on a theory proposed by R. Hill, either one of which is suitable to express the flow properties of Zircaloy-2 under various states of combined stress.
Missing from the Institutional Data Picture: Non-Tenure-Track Faculty.

This chapter describes the characteristics of non-tenure-track faculty, which now make up the majority of faculty on campuses; highlights the importance of reporting complete data; and calls upon institutional researchers to contribute to addressing this growing segment of the faculty.
On the production of the superheavy nucleus 310126

Abstract In order to estimate the formation cross section of the nucleus 310126 by heavy ion bombardments, first the experimental excitation function of the 238U(18O, xn) reaction due to Donets et al. was analysed in terms of the evaporation model. From what is learned about the neutron evaporation process in this analysis, the cross sections for the reactions 231Pa(79Br, xn), 231Pa(81Br, xn) and 251Cf(62Ni, xn) were estimated. Because the neutron separation energy in these processes is approximately equal to the barrier height for fission of the superheavy compound nuclei around 310126, the equality of the neutron and fission widths was assumed in the calculation. The excitation functions obtained this way showed a peak value of 75 mb at Elab = 439 MeV for the 231Pa(81Br, 2n)310126 reaction and of 35 mb at Elab = 353 MeV for the 251Cf(62Ni, 3n)310126 reaction. Such cross sections are about 104 times larger than the peak value of the cross section for the 238U(18O, 5n)251Fm reaction, which gives hope that the formation of 310126 may be experimentally feasible.
On the Lateral Motion of Bubbles Generated From Re-Entrant Cavities Located on Asymmetrically Structured Surfaces

This paper describes a novel concept of lateral motion of bubbles in pool boiling, which has the potential to be translated into a liquid propulsion system when used in a closed loop. The lateral motion of bubbles is achieved due to nucleation from cavities on an asymmetric saw-tooth profile created on a silicon surface. The surface modification involves etching a 3D sawtooth structure with a nominal angle of approximately 24° using gray-scale lithography. The downstream slope of each sawtooth structure features re-entrant cavity structures that act as controlled nucleation sites. The angle of the surface thus obtained causes a net imbalance of forces acting in concert on the flow field around the bubbles departing from the surface. The first part of the paper discusses the steps involved in fabricating such a heat sink with a saw-tooth structure augmented by re-entrant cavities. This is followed by description of the experimental facility used for studying the feasibility of the concept. High-speed photography in conjunction with bubble tracking is used to determine the bubble velocities. Results for a subcooled condition show substantial axial bubble velocities on the order of up to 68.5 cm/s near the cavities and a far-field velocity of up to 4 cm/s.© 2011 ASME
Modification of an extracorporeal life support circuit for intraoperative correction of complex congenital heart disease

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was established in a newborn infant diagnosed with severe respiratory failure secondary to complex congenital heart disease. After 4 days of ECLS support in the intensive care unit, the infant was brought to the operating room for repair of the primary lesion. Due to concerns related to recurrent respiratory failure associated with blood contact to a new extracorporeal circuit, the existing ECLS circuit was modified for use in the operating room. This report describes the circuit modification steps and challenges related to running a modified ECLS circuit for cardiopulmonary support during cardiac surgery.
Transformation of self in tourism

Abstract There is a discrepancy between what the language of tourist discourse promises and what the reality of tourist experience provides in Third World encounters for both the tourist self and the native self. Tourist discourse promises the tourist a total transformation of self, but the native is described as untouched by civilization and as frozen in time. The hypothesis here is that despite these claims, the very opposite occurs in experience, that the tourist self is changed very little by the tour, while the consequences of tourism for the native self are profound. Third World cultural displays serve as a mirror for Western fantasies, reflecting back in performance what the tourists desire.
An integrated motion capture system for evaluation of neuromuscular disease patients

There currently exist a variety of methods for evaluating movement in patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases (NMD). These tests are primarily performed in the clinical setting and evaluated by highly trained individuals, rather than evaluating patient in their natural environments (i.e., home or school). Currently available automated motion capture modalities offer a highly accurate means of assessing general motion, but are also limited to a highly controlled setting. Recent advances in MEMS technology have introduced the possibility of robust motion capture in uncontrolled environments, while minimizing user interference with self-initiated motion, especially in weaker subjects. The goal of this study is to design and evaluate a MEMS-sensor-based system for motion capture in the NMD patient population. The highly interdisciplinary effort has led to significant progress toward the implementation of a new device, which is accurate, clinically relevant, and highly affordable.
Motorboat propeller injuries in Wisconsin: enumeration and prevention.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the nature and extent of motorboat propeller injuries in Wisconsin. DESIGN: Retrospective study of deaths and injuries from outboard motor propellers reported to the Wisconsin Division of Health, Vital Statistics, and reported by a statewide retrospective survey of emergency departments. RESULTS: For the study period 1987 through 1989, three fatalities were found in Vital Statistics and Emergency Department records and 14 nonfatal injuries reported by respondents to the Wisconsin emergency department survey. Thirty-six percent (5 of 14) of the nonfatal injuries occurred in water skiers. Injuries involved the lower extremities in 10 of 14 nonfatal cases (71%), frequently in association with other anatomic areas. At least three cases involved very severe injuries, with mean acute care medical charges of more than $100,000 per case. CONCLUSIONS: Where boating is common, fatal and severe injuries from propellers occur with regularity. These injuries are often severe, requiring complicated and expensive treatment. The authors urge improved documentation of the incidence of propeller injuries, and an active exploration of prevention strategies including fitting motorboat propellers with guards.
Radiative pion capture in 12C

Abstract Transition rates for the reaction π − (at rest) + 12 C (ground) → γ + 12 B (even parity) have been computed in the impulse approximation with Cohen-Kurath wave functions for the nuclear states involved. The two available experiments disagree by a factor of 5 in the ground-state transition rate. The calculated rates agree closely with the results of Bistirlich et al.
Dynamics of Bacterioplankton Abundance and Production in Seagrass Communities of a Hypersaline Lagoon

The significance of bacterioplankton in the flow of carbon and energy and in trophic dynamics of the upper Laguna Madre, Texas (USA), was estimated by measuring bacterioplankton abundance and production over an 18 mo period and over several diel cycles. Bacterioplankton production was estimated from incorporation rates of thymidine (DNA synthesis) and leucine (protein synthesis). These independent inhces of bacterial growth were generally in agreement and yielded nearly identical annual estimates of bacterial production (25.24 g C m-2 yr-' based on thymidine and 25.12 g C m-' yr-I based on leucine). Assuming a 30 % growth efficiency, the annual bacterioplankton growth could be supported by 15 % of the total primary production (seagrasses and phytoplankton), 17 % of the above-ground production of the dominant seagrass, Halodule wrigh~, or 103 % of the phytoplankton production. Bactenal abundance was high throughout the year, often exceeding 1 X 10'' cells I' . Bacterioplankton production varied seasonally and over the diel cycle, with maximal values during warmer months and dunng daytime. Although changes in water temperature could account for some of this variation, shifts in the quantity and quality of the organic substrates supporting bacterial growth appeared to be the major factors regulating the variations in bacterioplankton production. Bacterioplankton in the Laguna Madre are a large and rapidly growing source of biomass potentially available for higher trophic levels. If this biomass is efficiently used by grazers, bacteria may be a major 'link' between seagrass production and secondary producers in the Laguna Madre ecosystem.
PG 1254+047: An Intrinsically X-Ray Weak, Heavily Absorbed Broad Absorption Line Quasar?

We present Chandra observations of the radio-quiet broad absorption line (BAL) quasar PG 1254+047. We find that it is a weak X-ray source, with a total of 44 ± 7 photons measured in 36 ks across the observed energy range 0.7-6.0 keV. Its X-ray weakness is consistent with the known correlation between αox and the strength of the UV absorption lines. The spectral energy distribution suggests that PG 1254+047 is intrinsically X-ray weak, in addition to being heavily X-ray absorbed. The X-ray absorption column density is NH > 1023 cm-2 for neutral gas, while the intrinsic (unabsorbed) emission spectrum has αox > 2. The data are best fit by including an ionized (rather than neutral) absorber with column density NH 2 × 1023 cm-2. The degree of ionization is consistent with the UV BALs, as is the total column density if the strongest UV lines are saturated. If the X-ray absorber forms in a wind that is radiatively accelerated to the BAL velocities, then the wind must be launched from a radius of about 1016 cm with a mass-loss rate of ~1Q M☉ yr-1.
A Methodological Framework for Studying Policy-Oriented Teacher Inquiry in Qualitative Research Contexts.

System-based and collaborative teacher inquiry has unexplored potential that can impact educational policy in numerous ways. This impact can be increased when teacher inquiry builds momentum from classrooms and teaching practices and simultaneously addresses district, state, and national discourses and networks. In this conceptual paper, I encourage scholars and practitioners to consider ways to methodologically, theoretically, and collectively strengthen teacher research and inquiry to increase its impact on policy. I propose a methodological framework for policy-oriented teacher inquiry that highlights multilayered research approaches and collaborative inquiry. I situate my arguments and the proposed framework in the context of qualitative research and Marx’s dialectic method.
PROCESSING-PROPERTY INTERACTIONS IN VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE/TRIFLUOROETHYLENE RANDOM COPOLYMERS

The effect of flow history, processing temperature, and exit draw ratio have been studied for copolymers of vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene of molar compositions 66/34 and 75/25%. The copolymers were extruded through an impinging channels film die which produces a mixed extension and shearing flow as well as a slit die. Stress fields during flow were measured using flow birefringence. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses were used to characterize the thermal behavior; and flat film and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) were used to evaluate the crystal structure and morphology of the extrudates. Extensional melt stresses on the order of 6.35 × 105 Pa were necessary to induce sufficient orientation for crystallization of water-cooled 66/34 mol % copolymers into the all-trans configuration. Preorientation of the melt by extensional stresses enhanced the transformation of the 3/1 helical to an all-trans structure in the 66/34 copolymer as well as producing a more compact unit cell in the 75/25 mol % copolymer leading to as much as a 7°C higher Curie transition temperature.
The relationship between seed density and oil content in flax

Density and oil content of seeds of 20 varieties of flax were found to be negatively correlated; r=−0.96. The density was determined by using the Beckman Model 930 Air Comparison Pycnometer. It is suggested that seed density can be used as a criterion for effective screening and selecting of flax lines with high oil content.
Why those who drink the most coffee appear to be at increased risk of disease. A modest proposal

A sample of 2,706 adults, considered representative of the United States, was interviewed by telephone about coffee consumption and about experiences and personal characteristics that have been considered antecedents or risk factors of vascular diseases and malignancies. Consumption of more than 5.6 cups per day placed a person in the top quartile of total daily coffee. People in the top quartile of caffeine‐containing coffee consumption averaged 429 mg of caffeine in coffee each day and were more likely than others to smoke cigarettes, and less likely to take vitamin supplements and to consume a “healthy” diet (i.e., containing large amounts of fiber, vitamins and cruciferous vegetables, and small amounts of fat). Thus, the heightened risk of disease sometimes associated with coffee consumption might reflect the characteristics and disease‐promoting activities of some drinkers and not necessarily their consumption of caffeine and coffee. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that ...
Sore Tongues and Stiff Necks-Problem Solving Through a Grandparent Discussion/Support Group

Summary This article describes the creation and functioning of a grandparent discussion/support group which met monthly for eight years at a suburban community college in Illinois. This group was formed in response to requests from grandparents and dealt with multigenerational issues. Descriptions of the meeting format and examples of the problems and solutions that were discussed are given. Conclusions and recommendations resulting from the experience of leading this group are described.
Practical considerations in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with mexiletine

Mexiletine can be administered by intravenous, intramuscular, or oral route. However, the intramuscular route is seldom used because it offers no advantage over the other routes. Loading doses of about 400 mg may result in unacceptable side effects and are unnecessary for management of chronic ventricular arrhythmias. Therapeutic efficacy as well as side effects increase in proportion to increasing blood levels. At plasma levels of 2.0 mg/L, side effects are encountered in a significant number of patients. Because of its lack of serious toxicity even in patients with various systemic illnesses and its long elimination half-life, mexiletine should be considered as a first-line drug for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.
Elliptic grid generation methods for scattering from multiple obstacles

A novel finite difference time domain method for acoustic scattering on generalized curvilinear coordinates is briefly described. Scattering over two-dimensional complex regions consisting of multiple scatterers are analyzed. The grid generation algorithm decomposes regions with finite number of holes to contiguous single-hole subregions. Individual grids are obtained for each subregions and they are matched with smoothness across interfaces. The new algorithm is an extension to multiple obstacles of the technique introduced in [V. Villamizar, M. Weber, Boundary-Conforming Cordinates with Grid Line Control for Acoustic Scattering from Complexly Shaped Obstacles, Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. 23 (2007) 1445–1467]. The method is successfully applied to approximate the pressure field resulting from the acoustic scattering of a plane wave from two complexly-shaped obstacles. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ischemia and Gangrene of the Penis

Penile ischemia and gangrene can be caused by penile prostheses, severe diabetes, thrombolic phenomena and a buildup of calcium deposits in patients on dialysis. Acute ischemia of the penis is rarely seen because of the excellent collateral circulation of the perineum and lower abdomen.1 There are at least 3 mechanisms for acute ischemia of the male genitalia—widespread ligation of collateral circulation to the penis, spontaneous embolism and operative embolism. Other forms of venous infarction can occur from priapism and intracorporeal injection of pharmacotherpeutic agents. Gradual necrosis has been seen with low cardiac output and renal failure.1 We report 3 cases of penile ischemia and discuss their management, as well as review the literature. CASE REPORTS Case 1. A 52-year-old male with type I diabetes mellitus and on hemodialysis presented with increased glucose levels. The distal one-third of the glans penis was necrotic, and the rest of the shaft was mildly indurated. The patient was offered observation initially, with partial penectomy if the disease progressed. He underwent circumcision for better
Heat Flux and Pressure Profiles in an Oxygen/Hydrogen Multielement Rocket Combustor

Proof of the predictive accuracy of models used in simulation of the high-pressure, high-heat flux environments inside operating rocket combustion chambers is limited by several factors including multiple phases, unsteadiness, high energy release, turbulence, and complex flow geometry. The severe environment also complicates the measurement of temperature, pressure, and chemical composition within the combustor. This paper describes an experiment to collect and analyze benchmark-quality validation data for a multi-element rocket combustor using liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen operating at chamber pressures from 300 to 1000 psia at mixture ratios from three to six. For these propellants, the stoichiometric mixture ratio is eight. The combustor was instrumented with 44 coaxial thermocouple pairs to measure axial and circumferential temperature fields and 8 pressure transducers to measure axial pressure profiles. The local heat flux at the inner wall of the combustion chamber computed at each temperature measurement location was found to vary between 4 and 20 Btu/in. 2 /s. The circumferential variation of heat flux seems to indicate mixing and radial outflow of combustion gases between injector elements, a phenomenon that is not observed in injector configurations with tighter spacing. Further, the axial pressure profiles and head-end temperature measurements suggest the presence of recirculation zones near the injector face.
The heritability of human salivary isoamylases

Abstract Zymograms were prepared from acrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole saliva samples obtained from 183 twin pairs. The results showed that the concordance data gave a strong indication of genetic control of the C-2 band with an estimated frequency of 15.3 per cent.