cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Klyachko models of $p$-adic special linear groups

We study Klyachko models of SL(n, F), where F is a non-Archimedean local field. In particular, using results of Klyachko models for GL(n, F) due to Heumos, Rallis, Offen and Sayag, we give statements of existence, uniqueness, and disjointness of Klyachko models for admissible representations of SL(n, F), where the uniqueness and disjointness are up to specified conjugacy of the inducing character, and the existence is for unitarizable representations in the case F has characteristic 0. We apply these results to relate the size of an L-packet containing a given representation of SL(n, F) to the type of its Klyachko model, and we describe when a self-dual unitarizable representation of SL(n, F) is orthogonal and when it is symplectic.
Sensitization of the trigeminovascular system following environmental irritant exposure

BackgroundAir pollution is linked to increased emergency room visits for headache, and migraine patients frequently cite chemicals or odors as headache triggers, but the association between air pollutants and headache is not well understood. We previously reported that nasal administration of environmental irritants acutely increases meningeal blood flow via a TRPA1-dependent mechanism involving the trigeminovascular system. Here, we examine whether chronic environmental irritant exposure sensitizes the trigeminovascular system.MethodsMale rats were exposed to acrolein, a TRPA1 agonist, or room air by inhalation for four days prior to meningeal blood flow measurements. Some animals were injected daily with a TRPA1 antagonist, AP-18, or vehicle prior to inhalation exposure. Trigeminal ganglia were isolated following blood flow measurements for immunocytochemistry and/or qPCR determination of TRPV1, TRPA1 and CGRP levels.ResultsAcrolein inhalation exposure potentiated blood flow responses both to TRPA1 and ...
Ascidian Larvae and the Events of Metamorphosis

SYNOPSIS. Ascidian larvae settle and metamorphose after only a brief free—swimming period; they are all lecilhotrophic. Extrinsic factors (chemical and physical) may trigger metamorphosis but none are known to be essential. The major larval structures may be classified as transitory larval organs (TLO), prospective juvenile organs (PJO) or larvaljuvenile organs (LJO). TLO are phagocytized or otherwise destroyed at metamorphosis; the PJO and LJO become the functional parts of the juvenile or oozooid. Metamorphosis involves some rapid and some slow morphogenetic movements. Variations in larval morphology are reflected in metamorphosis. Some of the events of metamorphosis are fairly well known in terms of the role of specific cells but we know little about how the various events are initiated and coordinated. The nervous system is more complex than had been previously assumed. The nervous system, neuroid conduction and diffusion of one or more humoral factors are probably all involved in controlling metamorphosis.
Direct Observation of Surface Ethyl to Ethane Interconversion upon C2H4 Hydrogenation over Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst by Time-Resolved FT-IR Spectroscopy

Time-resolved FT-IR spectra of ethylene hydrogenation over alumina-supported Pt catalyst were recorded at 25 ms resolution in the temperature range of 323−473 K using various H2 concentrations (1 atm total gas pressure). Surface ethyl species (2870 and 1200 cm-1) were detected at all temperatures along with the gas-phase ethane product (2954 and 2893 cm-1). The CH3CH2Pt growth was instantaneous on the time scale of 25 ms under all experimental conditions. At 323 K, the decay time of surface ethyl (122 ± 10 ms) coincides with the rise time of ethane (144 ± 14 ms). This establishes direct kinetic evidence for surface ethyl as the relevant reaction intermediate. Such a direct link between the temporal behavior of an unstable surface intermediate and the final product in a heterogeneous catalytic system has not been demonstrated before. A fraction (25%) of the asymptotic ethane growth at 323 K is prompt, indicating that there are surface ethyl species that react much faster than the majority of the CH3CH2Pt i...
Further Evidence for the Early Cretaceous Breakup of Gondwanaland off Southwestern Australia

Abstract Magnetic anomalies adjacent to the northwest margin of the Naturaliste Plateau are identified as Early Cretaceous reversals M-0 through M-4. These lineations indicate that northwest—southeast sea-floor spreading began off the present Naturaliste Plateau circa 118 m.y. B.P., 8 m.y. later than along the adjacent continental margin off Perth. The Naturaliste and Perth lineation sequences are offset 130 km dextrally by a fracture zone which passes near DSDP Site 257. The data indicate that an intracratonic small ocean basin existed seaward of Perth from about 126 to 118 m.y. B.P.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY OF CARBORANES

The advancements in the synthetic chemistry of carboranes and metallacarboranes have given rise to diversified uses in medicinal chemistry, resulting in many new medical applications. An overview of the medicinal chemistry of carboranes is presented emphasizing the use of nanoparticles, dendrimers, porphyrins and carbohydrates as boron carriers. A review with 80 references.
Detection of outliers in growth curve models

The growth curve model introduced by Potthoff and Roy (1964) is a general statistical model which includes as special cases regression models and both univariate and multivariate analysis of variance models. In this paper, we discuss procedures for detection of outliers in growth curve models for mean-slippage and dispersion-slippage outlier model. The distributions of the test statistics are discussed and the values of significant probabilities are given using Bonferronl's bounds. Some simulation results are also presented.
Theoretical approaches to particle propagation and acceleration in turbulent intergalactic medium

Intercluster medium is expected to be turbulent with turbulence being superAlfvenic at large scales. Magnetic fields substantially modify the turbulent cascade when the t urbulence reaches the scales at which the fluctuation veloci ty gets less than the Alfven velocity. At those scales it is possible to consider three cascades, of fast, slow and Alfven modes with little energy exchange between them. As Alfvenic and slow modes are anisotropic they marginally scatter and accelerate cosmic rays, while fast modes dominate the processes. However, in the presence of cosmic rays the turbulence is modified a s cosmic rays transfer the energy of compressible motions (i.e. slow and fast modes) from large scales to the scale of cosmic ray Larmor radius. This results in generation of a new small-scale Alfvenic component which is not a part of the ordinary MHD cascade. This component does scatter and accelerate cosmic rays. In addition, magnetic reconnection in turbulent medium accelerates cosmic rays. The complexity of the interacluster turbulence calls for observational studies. A new techni que Velocity Coordinate Spectrum (VCS) is particularly promising for studies of velocity fluctuations with a new generatio n of X-ray observatories.
Combinatorial synthesis and characterization of alkali metal doped oxides for diesel soot combustion

Abstract A polymerizable-complex powder synthesis method (PCM) was used in conjunction with automated solution deposition to generate combinatorial libraries of oxide powders doped with alkali metals. Chemical compositions were serially examined with automated thermogravimetric analysis for catalytic activity in the combustion of diesel soot. The relative soot combustion activity of K x La 1 − x FeO 3 , A 2 x Cu 1 − x Fe 2 O 4 and A 2 x Co 1 − x Fe 2 O 4 (A = Li, Na, K, Cs) are reported. In both of the alkali-metal doped systems, K was the best promoter of soot oxidation. In all three systems, K-rich samples in the “mixed” range ( x = 0.6–0.9) generally show the lowest soot oxidation temperatures.
Ownership Structure and Enterprise Restructuring in Six Newly Independent States

The author investigates the relationship between ownership structure and enterprise restructuring in six newly independent states: Georgia, Kazakstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. He documents the changing pattern of ownership in 960 privatized manufacturing companies from 1995-97. There are large differences in ownership structure across countries, differences that seem to be determined by the method of privatization pursued. Enterprises in countries where the privatization programs favored incumbent managers (Georgia and Ukraine) ended with heavy ownership by managers (an average 53.6 percent and 46.2 percent respectively). Countries that used mainly the mass privatization approach (Kazakstan and the Kyrgyz Republic had the highest proportion of ownership shares held be outside investors (37 percent and 21.2 percent respectively). Foreign ownership is positively associated with enterprise restructuring at high ownership levels (above 30 percent of shares). By contrast, the relationship between management ownership by outside local investors or the state is not significantly correlated with restructuring.
A method of generating stone wall patterns

Recently, several kinds of mapping technology, e.g., texture mapping and bump mapping, have played a very important role in the achievement of more realistic image synthesis. The textures to be mapped often are obtained by using an optical scanner or a video camera. However, it is difficult to obtain a suitable image by taking a photograph. It is considered very important to be able to generate easily a variety of textures and patterns as required. This paper proposes a new method of generating stone wall patterns as a specific case of a generalized texture generator. The advantage of the method is that it allows the user to generate a variety of stone wall pictures by specifying a few simple parameters. The method is applied to a visual simulation system to represent such stone textures as walls, pavements, and steps. Some illustrated examples of its applications also are given.
Autonomic power and performance management for computing systems

With the increased complexity of platforms, the growing demand of applications and data centers' servers sprawl, power consumption is reaching unsustainable limits. The need to improved power management is becoming essential for many reasons including reduced power consumption & cooling, improved density, reliability & compliance with environmental standards. This paper presents a theoretical framework and methodology for autonomic power and performance management in e-business data centers. We optimize for power and performance (performance-per-watt) at each level of the hierarchy while maintaining scalability. We adopt mathematically-rigorous optimization approach to minimize power while meeting performance constraints. Our experimental results show around 72% savings in power while maintaining performance as compared to static power management techniques and 69.8% additional savings with both global and local optimizations.
Three Triplet Model with Double SU(3) Symmetry

With a view to avoiding some of the kinematical and dynamical difficulties involved in the single-triplet quark model, a model for the low-lying baryons and mesons based on three triplets with integral charges is proposed, somewhat similar to the two-triplet model introduced earlier by one of us (Y. N.). It is shown that in a $U(3)$ scheme of triplets with integral charges, one is naturally led to three triplets located symmetrically about the origin of ${I}_{3}\ensuremath{-}Y$ diagram under the constraint that the Nishijima-Gell-Mann relation remains intact. A double $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ symmetry scheme is proposed in which the large mass splittings between different representations are ascribed to one of the $\mathrm{SU}(3)$, while the other $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ is the usual one for the mass splittings within a representation of the first $\mathrm{SU}(3)$.
Predicting within country household food expenditure variation using international cross-section estimates

There is a long and distinguished literature involving demand analysis using international cross-section data. Such models are widely used for predicting national per capita consumption. However, there is nothing in this literature testing the performance of estimated models in predicting demands across the income spectrum within a single country. This paper fills the gap. We estimate an AIDADS model using cross-section international per capita data, and find that it does well in predicting food demand across the income distribution within Bangladesh. This suggests that there may be considerable value in using international cross-section analysis to study poverty and distributional impacts of policies.
Linear approximation of simple objects

Abstract Let P = P 1 , P 2 , …, P m be a set of m convex polygons in the plane with a total number of n vertices, and for 1 ⩽ i ⩽ m , let w i gE R + be a weight associated with P i . The weighted distance between a line l and a polygon P i is given by d ( l , P i ) = min pϵP i , qϵl d ( p , q ). w i , where d ( p , q ) is the Euclidean distance between p and q . We want to compute a line l that minimizes the maximum distance between l and the polygons of P . We present an O( nα ( n ) log 3 n )-time algorithm to compute such a line. We also give an O( n 2+ e )-time algorithm, where e is an arbitrarily small positive constant, to solve the three dimensional version of this problem; here, P is a set of convex polytopes in R 3 , and we want to compute a plane h that minimizes the maximum weighted distance between h and the polytopes.
Evaluation of multigrid acceleration for preconditioned time-accurate Navier-Stokes algorithms

The development of a two-dimensional time-accurate dual time step Navier-Stokes flow solver with time-derivative preconditioning and multigrid acceleration is described. The governing equations are integrated in time with both an explicit Runge-Kutta scheme and an implicit lower-upper symmetric-Gauss-Seidel scheme in a finite volume framework, yielding second-order accuracy in space and time. Issues concerning the implementation of multigrid for preconditioned, dual time step algorithms are discussed. Steady and unsteady computations were made of lid driven cavity flow, thermally driven cavity flow and pulsatile channel flow for a variety of conditions to validate the schemes and evaluate the effectiveness of multigrid for time-accurate simulations. Significant speedups were observed for steady and unsteady simulations. The speedups for unsteady simulations were problem dependent, a function of how rapidly the flow varied in time and the size of the allowable time step.
The Epoch of Reionization in Models with Reduced Small-Scale Power

Reducing the power on small scales relative to the "standard" Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model alleviates a number of possible discrepancies with observations and is favored by the recent analysis of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) plus galaxy and Lyα forest data. Here we investigate the epoch of reionization in several models normalized to WMAP on large scales and with sufficiently reduced power on small scales to solve the halo concentration and substructure problems. These include a tilted model, the WMAP running-index model, and a warm dark matter model. We assume that the universe was reionized by stellar sources composed of a combination of supermassive (~200 M☉) Population III stars and Population II stars with a "normal" initial mass function (IMF). We find that in all of these models, structure formation and hence reionization occurs late, certainly at redshifts below 10, and more probably at z 6. This is inconsistent (at 2 σ) with the determination of zreion 17 from the WMAP temperature-polarization data and is only marginally consistent with Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar observations. The tension between the galactic-scale observations, which favor low-power models, and the early reionization favored by WMAP can only be resolved if the efficiency of Population III star formation is dramatically higher than any current estimate or if there is an exotic population of ionizing sources such as miniquasars. Otherwise, we may have to live with the standard ΛCDM power spectrum and solve the small-scale problems in some other way.
Women’s Capabilities and Social Justice*

We come from our family’s house to live in our husband’s house. If we mention our name in this house, they say, “Oh, that is another family”. Yet when it comes to working, they say, “What you earn is ours, because you are in this family’s house”, or “because you are working on this family’s land. Let the land be registered in our names, so that we will not always feel like we are in someone else’s family”. (Santokbehn, agricultural laborer, Ahmedabad) In your joint family, I am known as the second daughter-in-law. All these years I have known myself as no more than that. Today, after efteen years, as I stand alone by the sea, I know that I have another identity, which is my relationship with the universe and its creator. That gives me the courage to write this letter as myself, not as the second daughter-in-law of your family … I am not one to die easily. That is what I want to say in this letter. (Rabindranath Tagore, ‘Letter from a Wife’, 1914) We not only want a piece of the pie, we also want to choose the eavor, and to know how to make it ourselves. (Ela Bhatt, founder, Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), 1992)
The Role of Comparative Advantage and Learning in Wage Dynamics and Intrafirm Mobility: Evidence from Germany

This article measures the importance of job level assignment based on comparative advantage and learning about workers’ ability in explaining intrafirm wage and mobility dynamics using survey data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel. The results reveal the importance of nonrandom selection of workers into the rungs of the firm’s job ladder. Measured and unmeasured ability play important roles in workers' rank assignment, with unmeasured ability being more important at higher levels of the hierarchical job structure. There is some evidence of learning effects for workers below age 35 generating mobility between upper and executive levels.
Analytic Results for Gaussian Wave Packets in Four Model Systems: I. Visualization of the Kinetic Energy

Using Gaussian wave packet solutions, we examine how the kinetic energy is distributed in time-dependent solutions of the Schrodinger equation corresponding to the cases of a free particle, a particle under-going uniform acceleration, a particle in a harmonic oscillator potential, and a system corresponding to all unstable equilibrium. We find, for specific choices of initial parameters, that as much as 90° of the kinetic energy can be localized (at least conceptually) in the ‘front half’ of such Gaussian wave packets, and we visualize these effects.
Neutron flux enhancement at LASREF

Abstract The accelerator at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility produces a 1 mA beam of protons at an energy of 800 MeV. Since 1985, the Los Alamos Spallation Radiation Effects Facility (LASREF) has made use of the neutron flux that is generated as the incident protons interact with the nuclei in targets and a copper beam stop. A variety of basic and applied experiments in radiation damage and radiation effects have been completed. Recent studies indicate that the flux at LASREF can be increased by at least a factor of 10 from the present level of about 5 E + 17 m−2 s−1. This requires changing the beam stop material from Cu to W and optimizing the geometry of the beam-target interaction region. These studies are motivated by the need for a large volume, high energy, and high intensity neutron source in the development of materials for advanced energy concepts such as fusion reactors.
INTRAMOLECULAR 2 + 2 CYCLOADDITIONS OF DIALKYLKETENES WITH ALKENES. REGIOCHEMISTRY OF INTRAMOLECULAR 2 + 2 CYCLOADDITIONS OF KETENES WITH ALKENES

Abstract Unsaturated dialkylketenes 7a, 7b and 7c undergo intramolecular [2 + 2]cycloadditions to give 8a (45%), 9b (23%) and 9c (45%). Intramolecular cycloadditions of dialkylketenes give higher yields than intramolecular cycloadditions of monoalkylketenes, even though dialkylketenes are less reactive than monoalkylketenes. An intramolecular competition experiment with ketene 17 establishes that trans-alkenes are approximately 33 times more reactive than cis-alkenes in intramolecular cycloadditions. Ketene 36 furnishes 22% of the expected bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanone 37 and 28% of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanone 38.
Symmetry breaking and Wigner molecules in few-electron quantum dots

We discuss symmetry breaking in two-dimensional quantum dots resulting from strong interelectron repulsion relative to the zero-point kinetic energy associated with the confining potential. Such symmetry breaking leads to the emergence of crystalline arrangements of electrons in the dot. The so-called Wigner molecules form already at field-free conditions. The appearance of rotating Wigner molecules in circular dots under high magnetic field, and their relation to magic angular momenta and quantum-Hall-effect fractional fillings is also discussed. Recent calculations for two electrons in an elliptic quantum dot, using exact diagonalization and an approximate generalized-Heitler – London treatment, show that the electrons can localize and form a molecular dimer for screened interelectron repulsion. The calculated singlet-triplet splitting (J) as a function of the magnetic field (B) agrees with cotunneling measurements; its behavior reflects the effective dissociation of the dimer for large B. Knowledge of the dot shape and of J(B) allows determination of two measures of entanglement (concurrence and von Neumann entropy for indistinguishable fermions), whose behavior correlates also with the dissociation of the dimer. The theoretical value for the concurrence at B = 0 agrees with the experimental estimates.
Continuous waveforms from a binary modulator

This paper presents a practicable scheme for building high frequency direct digitizing transmitters. The transmitter uses a simple look up table approach to generate a binary stream which is then merely filtered to produce the radiated signal. Thus, there is no need for precise digital to analog converters. A new constrained list decoding algorithm operating over the real alphabet produces the data in the look up table. The transmitter can be a modulator only or a combined encoder and modulator. The paper concludes with spectra and error vector magnitude measurements for GMSK with frequencies over 10 Ghz
Analysis of Strong-Coupling Parameters for Superfluid 3He

Superfluid 3He experiments show strong deviation from the weak-coupling limit of the Ginzburg-Landau theory, and this discrepancy grows with increasing pressure. Strong-coupling contributions to the quasiparticle interactions are known to account for this effect and they are manifest in the five β-coefficients of the fourth order Ginzburg-Landau free energy terms. The Ginzburg-Landau free energy also has a coefficient g z to include magnetic field coupling to the order parameter. From NMR susceptibility experiments, we find the deviation of g z from its weak-coupling value to be negligible at all pressures. New results for the pressure dependence of four different combinations of β-coefficients, β 345, β 12, β 245, and β 5 are calculated and comparison is made with theory.
High-speed thermal analysis of high power diode arrays

This paper explores high-speed image capture as a viable approach for non-invasive thermal analysis. The ability to monitor thermal transients and obtain accurate spatial information for miniature devices is important for many lighting applications. In this study, high power optoelectronic devices are stressed, and the impact of self-heating effects is examined. Results demonstrate that these effects lead to degraded device performance, reduced efficiency, and power loss.
Semiparametric Bayesian Inference in Autoregressive Panel Data Models

This paper develops Bayesian methods for inference in dynamic panel data models with individual effects, and applies them to study longitudinal data on earnings from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We study semiparametric versions of commonly used random effects autoregressive models, in which the distribution of the disturbances is not restricted to fall in a parametric class. To model the unknown distributions without resorting to strong parametric assumptions, we draw upon recent advances in the theory and computation of nonparametric Bayesian models using Dirichlet process priors. The overall approach can be viewed as an application of the general semiparametric Bayesian approach of West, Muller, and Escobar (1994) which in turn makes use of results on Bayesian density estimation by Escobar (1994) and Escobar and West (1995). Most conventional panel data methods (e.g., Anderson and Hsiao (1981), MaCurdy
Modifying In-Situ Combustion Performance by the Use of Water-Soluble Additives

This paper reports on experiments that were performed to study the effects of various additives on the oxidation kinetics of Californian and Venezuelan oils. Aqueous solutions of 10 metallic salts were mixed with sand and Huntington Beach, CA, oil. The mixtures were subjected to a constant flow of air and a linear heating schedule while the effluent gases were analyzed for composition. The variation in the oxygen consumption was analyzed with a model of three competing oxidation reactions. Values for the important kinetic parameters for the three reactions were obtained for each additive. Iron and tin salts were found to enhance fuel formation, while copper, nickel, and cadmium salts had no significant effects. Other experiments with a heavy Venezuelan oil showed that, contrary to earlier suggestions, the use of a ketal did not decrease fuel formation.
Asymmetric synthesis of unusual amino acids: An efficient synthesis of optically pure isomers of β-methylphenylalanine.

Abstract Substitution of the diastereotopic β-hydrogens of many α-amino acids provides an approach to the three dimensional topographic control of peptide structure. Asymmetric synthesis of the desired amino acids is needed to facilitate these studies. All four individual isomers of β-methylphenylalanine, (2S,3S)-, (2R,3R)-, (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-β-methylphenylalanine have been synthesized in high optical purity. The stereochemistry at the β-center was set by the choice of starting material, either (+)- or (−)-3-phenylbutyric acid. These acids were attached to the appropriate D - or L -auxiliary (a 4-phenylmethyl-2-oxazolidinone) to give a 3′-phenylbutanoyl-4-phenylmethyl-2-oxazolidinone. Asymmetric bromination was accomplished via the ciral imide enolate bromination methodology of Evans and co-workers ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990 112 , 4011-40). Evidence for asymmetric induction was obtained from the X-ray structure of one of the intermediate bromides. The bromide was converted to the diastereoisomeric azide by S N 2 displacement using tetramethylguanidinium azide. After recovery of the chiral auxiliary by catalyzed hydrolysis, the chiral amino acid was obtained by catalytic hydrogenation over 10% Pd/C. All four isomers were obtained in enantiomeric purities of 95:5 to 99:1.
Real time recognition of hand-drawn characters

This paper describes a system designed to recognize handdrawn characters in real time. The central feature of the system is its use of the time sequence information of the input character.
An O(16) × O(16) heterotic string

By modifying the definition of the fermion number projection in the E 8 × E 8 heterotic superstring theory in a manner consistent with modular invariance and factorization, a tachyon-free string theory is obtained without spacetime supersymmetry. The low energy limit is a ten-dimensional anomaly-free chiral SO(16) × SO(16) gauge theory coupled to gravity.
The role of interest rates during the transition to a market economy

We construct a simple two period model of an economy in transition from being centrally planned to being market oriented. Using this model, we draw certain positive conclusions about economic policies that reduce distortions during the transition period. In particular, we focus on the role of interest rates, a market parameter that has previously been almost entirely ignored in planned economies. Using stylized data derived from Czechoslovakia, we show that increase in nominal interest rates can actually be welfare-improving by partially compensating for the distortions induced by the transition process.
Convergence and extension at gastrulation require a myosin IIB-dependent cortical actin network

Force-producing convergence (narrowing) and extension (lengthening) of tissues by active intercalation of cells along the axis of convergence play a major role in axial morphogenesis during embryo development in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and failure of these processes in human embryos leads to defects including spina bifida and anencephaly. Here we use Xenopus laevis, a system in which the polarized cell motility that drives this active cell intercalation has been related to the development of forces that close the blastopore and elongate the body axis, to examine the role of myosin IIB in convergence and extension. We find that myosin IIB is localized in the cortex of intercalating cells, and show by morpholino knockdown that this myosin isoform is essential for the maintenance of a stereotypical, cortical actin cytoskeleton as visualized with time-lapse fluorescent confocal microscopy. We show that this actin network consists of foci or nodes connected by cables and is polarized relative to the embryonic axis, preferentially cyclically shortening and lengthening parallel to the axis of cell polarization, elongation and intercalation, and also parallel to the axis of convergence forces during gastrulation. Depletion of MHC-B results in disruption of this polarized cytoskeleton, loss of the polarized protrusive activity characteristic of intercalating cells, eventual loss of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, and dose-dependent failure of blastopore closure, arguably because of failure to develop convergence forces parallel to the myosin IIB-dependent dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. These findings bridge the gap between a molecular-scale motor protein and tissue-scale embryonic morphogenesis.
Novel organic materials through control of multichromophore interactions

The function of organic semiconducting and light-harvesting materials depends on the organization of the individual molecular components. Our group has tackled the problem of through-space delocalization via the design and synthesis of bichromphoric pairs held in close proximity by the [2.2]paracyclophane core. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of these molecules provide a challenge to theory. They are also useful in delineating the problem of intermolecular contacts in molecular conductivity measurements. Another area of research described here concerns conjugated polyelectrolytes. These macromolecules combine the properties of organic semiconductors and conventional polyelectrolytes. We have used these materials in the development of optically amplified biosensors and have also incorporated them into organic optoelectronic devices. Of particular interest to us is to derive useful structure/property relationships via molecular design that address important basic scientific problems and technolo...
Changing American Earnings Distributions: One-Half Century of Experience

Recent increases in earnings inequality have been described as “enormous.” Is it that we are experiencing a unique shift toward greater inequality or are we returning to a more normal state of affairs for the American economy? The recent availability of six decades of data together with important new developments in the theory and measurement of inequality invite a renewed look at the changes in earnings inequality over the past half century. Our findings for male earnings suggest a dramatic contraction in inequality after 1939 followed by a steady rise in earnings inequality through 1989. Focusing on per capita incomes as opposed to earnings eliminates much of the trend toward rising inequality.
Sort sets in the relational model

The notion of sort set is introduced here to formalize the fact that certain database relations can be sorted so that two or more columns are simultaneously listed in order. This notion is shown to be applicable in several ways to enhance the efficiency of an implemented database. A characterization of when order dependency implies the existence of sort sets in a database is presented, along with several corollaries concerning complexity, Armstrong relations, and cliques of certain graphs. Sort-set dependencies are then introduced. A (finite) sound and complete set of inference rules for sort-set dependencies is presented, as well as a proof that there is no such set for functional and sort-set dependencies taken together. Deciding logical implication for sort-set dependencies is proved to be polynomial, but if functional dependencies are included the problem is co-NP-complete. Each set of sort-set and functional dependencies is shown to have an Armstrong relation. A natural generalization of Armstrong relation, here called separator, is given and then used to study the relationship between order and sort-set dependencies.
Real-Time Optimization of Personalized Assortments

Motivated by the availability of real-time data on customer characteristics, we consider the problem of personalizing the assortment of products for each arriving customer. Using actual sales data from an online retailer, we demonstrate that personalization based on each customer's location can lead to over 10% improvements in revenue compared to a policy that treats all customers the same. We propose a family of index-based policies that effectively coordinate the real-time assortment decisions with the back-end supply chain constraints. We allow the demand process to be arbitrary and prove that our algorithms achieve an optimal competitive ratio. In addition, we show that our algorithms perform even better if the demand is known to be stationary. Our approach is also flexible and can be combined with existing methods in the literature, resulting in a hybrid algorithm that brings out the advantages of other methods while maintaining the worst-case performance guarantees. This paper was accepted by Dimitris Bertsimas, special issue on business analytics.
Simple Strategy for the Immobilization of Dirhodium Tetraprolinate Catalysts Using a Pyridine-Linked Solid Support

Dirhodium tetracarboxylates are readily immobilized on agitation in the presence of highly cross-linked polystyrene resins with a pyridine attachment. A systematic study demonstrates that the polymer backbone, the linker, the terminal pyridine group, and the catalyst structure all contribute to the efficiency of dirhodium catalyst immobilization. The immobilization is considered to be due to the combination of ligand coordination and encapsulation. The dirhodium tetraprolinate catalysts, Rh2(S-DOSP)4 (1a), Rh2(S-TBSP)4 (1b), and Rh2(S-biTISP)2 (2), are all efficiently immobilized. The resulting heterogeneous complexes are very effective catalysts for asymmetric cyclopropanation between methyl phenyldiazoacetate and styrene, and under optimized conditions they can be recycled five times with virtually no loss in enantioselectivity. The three-phase test studies indicated that a very slow reaction occurs when both the catalyst and the diazo compound were immobilized, but the slow rate precluded the likelihoo...
Studies on the narciclasine alkaloids: Total synthesis of (+)- narciclasine and (+)-pancratistatin

Enantioselective total syntheses of the antitumor alkaloids, (+)-narciclasine and (+)-pancratistatin, are reported. These syntheses feature a stereo- and regiocontrolled aryl enamide photocyclization to construct a common, advanced intermediate possessing a trans-fused BC substructure. Differential functional group interchange in the C-ring of this phenanthridone core structure allows for the production of the two target natural products in enantiomerically pure form.
The X-Ray Properties of the Most Luminous Quasars From the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

This article studies the X-ray properties of a representative sample of 59 of the most optically luminous quasars in the universe spanning a redshift range of z ≈ 1.5-4.5.
Reactivity and Survivability of Glycolaldehyde in Simulated Meteorite Impact Experiments

Sugars of extraterrestrial origin have been observed in the interstellar medium (ISM), in at least one comet spectrum, and in several carbonaceous chondritic meteorites that have been recovered from the surface of the Earth. The origins of these sugars within the meteorites have been debated. To explore the possibility that sugars could be generated during shock events, this paper reports on the results of the first laboratory impact experiments wherein glycolaldehyde, found in the ISM, as well as glycolaldehyde mixed with montmorillonite clay, have been subjected to reverberated shocks from ~5 to >25 GPa. New biologically relevant molecules, including threose, erythrose and ethylene glycol, were identified in the resulting samples. These results show that sugar molecules can not only survive but also become more complex during impact delivery to planetary bodies.
Twisting the Fake Monster Superalgebra

Abstract We calculate the twisted denominator identities of the fake monster superalgebra corresponding to elements of 2.Aut( E 8 ) of odd order. They give many new infinite product identities and new examples of generalized Kac–Moody superalgebras. We also obtain generalizations of Jacobi's identity on theta functions.
COSMIC STRINGS IN THE SUN

We apply Chudnovsky and Vilenkin's idea1 of the possible existence of cosmic strings in the sun. We did the stellar evolution calculation for one solar mass star with solar age (that is, sun). Stellar evolution with cosmic strings at solar age gives us radius and luminosity of the star which are in contradiction with observation.
Elliptic equations with singular BMO coefficients in Reifenberg domains

Abstract W 1 , p estimate for the solutions of elliptic equations whose coefficient matrix can have large jump along the boundary of subdomains is obtained. The principal coefficients are supposed to be in the John–Nirenberg space with small BMO seminorms, and the domain and subdomains are Reifenberg flat domains. Moreover, it has been shown that the estimates are uniform with respect to the distance between the subdomains.
Asymmetric Ring-Closing Metathesis Catalyzed by Chiral Molybdenum Alkylidene Complexes.

Kinetic resolution was observed in ring-closing metathesis of racemic dienes catalyzed by the newly developed chiral molybdenum alkylidene complexes (R,R)-Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(NAr)(TBEC) 1 (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3, TBEC = 2‘,2‘,2‘‘,2‘‘-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-bis(2‘-hydroxyethyl)cyclopentane) and (R,R)-Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(NAr)(TBEH) 2 (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3, TBEH = 2‘,2‘,2‘‘,2‘‘-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-bis(2‘-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexane). In the case of a prochiral symmetric triene substrate, optically active cyclized product was formed by catalytic ring-closing metathesis with 1, which opens the possibility of a new version of two-directional synthesis. Although the observed enantiomeric excesses were modest to low, this data demonstrates the feasibility of asymmetric induction by chiral alkylidene catalysts in ring-closing metathesis.
Schrodinger operators and the distribution of resonances in sectors

The purpose of this paper is to give some refined results about the distribution of resonances in potential scattering. We use techniques and results from one and several complex variables, including properties of functions of completely regular growth. This enables us to find asymptotics for the distribution of resonances in sectors for certain potentials and for certain families of potentials.
IP traceback-based intelligent packet filtering: a novel technique for defending against Internet DDoS attacks

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is one of the most difficult security problems to address. While many existing techniques (e.g., IP traceback) focus on tracking the location of the attackers after-the-fact, little is done to mitigate the effect of an attack while it is raging on. We present a novel technique that can effectively filter out the majority of DDoS traffic, thus improving the overall throughput of the legitimate traffic. The proposed scheme leverages on and generalizes the IP traceback schemes to obtain the information concerning whether a network edge is on the attacking path of an attacker ("infected") or not ("clean"). We observe that, while an attacker will have all the edges on its path marked as "infected," edges on the path of a legitimate client will mostly be "clean". By preferentially filtering out packets that are inscribed with the marks of "infected" edges, the proposed scheme removes most of the DDoS traffic while affecting legitimate traffic only slightly. Simulation results based on real-world network topologies all demonstrate that the proposed technique can improve the throughput of legitimate traffic by three to seven times during DDoS attacks.
Oral cobalamin for pernicious anemia. Medicine's best kept secret?

THE TREATMENT of pernicious anemia with cobalamin is one of medicine's great success stories. However, the usual practice of giving the drug as an intramuscular injection has several drawbacks. Injections can be painful, difficult to provide for some patients who are elderly or living alone, 1 and costly if given by health professionals. 2 It is therefore not surprising that the search for an oral preparation began soon after cobalamin was isolated and introduced for parenteral use in 1948. Preparations containing oral intrinsic factor were tried, but antibody production caused some patients to become refractory and relapse. 3 Other studies revealed that a small but constant proportion of an oral dose of cyanocobalamin was absorbed without intrinsic factor, so that by sufficiently increasing the dose, adequate absorption could be attained. 4,5 Promising results from early studies of oral cyanocobalamin therapy led to the use of increasingly larger doses, and several
Robust subspace iteration and privacy-preserving spectral analysis

We discuss a new robust convergence analysis of the well-known subspace iteration algorithm for computing the dominant singular vectors of a matrix, also known as simultaneous iteration or power method. The result characterizes the convergence behavior of the algorithm when a large amount noise is introduced after each matrix-vector multiplication. While interesting in its own right, the main motivation comes from the problem of privacy-preserving spectral analysis where noise is added in order to achieve the privacy guarantee known as differential privacy. This result leads to nearly tight worst-case bounds for the problem of computing a differentially private low-rank approximation in the spectral norm. Our results extend to privacy-preserving principal component analysis. We obtain improvements for several variants of differential privacy that have been considered. The running time of our algorithm is nearly linear in the input sparsity leading to strong improvements in running time over previous work. Complementing our worst-case bounds, we show that the error dependence of our algorithm on the matrix dimension can be replaced by a tight dependence on the coherence of the matrix. This parameter is always bounded by the matrix dimension but often much smaller. Indeed, the assumption of low coherence is essential in several machine learning and signal processing applications.
The Development and Transferability of Task Knowledge

This study provides experimental evidence related to the management of audit task knowledge. Specifically, the research explores whether a certain type of task knowledge, loan credit review knowledge, develops differently for in‐charge auditors working in different industry specializations. Since auditors are often asked to choose an industry specialization at the in‐charge level, understanding whether certain industries provide the opportunity for differential knowledge development is important (Libby and Frederick 1990), especially if such knowledge can be transferred to aid performance in tasks completed in several other industries. As such, the study explores whether the task knowledge under investigation can be transferred across both industry and task contexts to aid performance in the going concern judgment, a task that is required to be completed in all industries. An experiment was administered to 60 in‐charge auditors from one of the then Big 6 firms, with 32 participants specializing in the fin...
Unextendible maximally entangled bases

We introduce the notion of the unextendible maximally entangled basis (UMEB), a set of orthonormal maximally entangled states in ${\mathbb{C}}^{d}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{\mathbb{C}}^{d}$ consisting of fewer than ${d}^{2}$ vectors which have no additional maximally entangled vectors orthogonal to all of them. We prove that UMEBs do not exist for $d=2$ and give explicit constructions for a six-member UMEB with $d=3$ and a 12-member UMEB with $d=4$.
Can the Zee ansatz for neutrino masses be correct

Abstract Working in the framework of three chiral neutrinos with Majorana masses, we investigate a scenario first realized in an explicit model by Zee: that the neutrino mass matrix is strictly off-diagonal in the flavor basis, with all its diagonal entries precisely zero. This CP-conserving ansatz leads to two relations among the three mixing angles ( θ 1 , θ 2 , θ 3 ) and two squared mass differences. We impose the constraint | m 3 2 − m 2 2 |≫| m 2 2 − m 1 2 | to conform with experiment, which requires the θ i to lie nearby one of four 1-parameter domains in θ -space. We exhibit the implications for solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillations in each of these cases. A unique version of the Zee ansatz survives confrontation with experimental data, one which necessarily involves maximal just-so vacuum oscillations of solar neutrinos.
Plasmas in Saturn's magnetosphere

The solar wind plasma analyzer on board Pioneer 2 provides first observations of low-energy positive ions in the magnetosphere of Saturn. Measurable intensities of ions within the energy-per-unit charge (E/Q) range 100 eV to 8 keV are present over the planetocentric radial distance range about 4 to 16 R sub S in the dayside magnetosphere. The plasmas are found to be rigidly corotating with the planet out to distances of at least 10 R sub S. At radial distances beyond 10 R sub S, the bulk flows appear to be in the corotation direction but with lesser speeds than those expected from rigid corotation. At radial distances beyond the orbit of Rhea at 8.8 R sub S, the dominant ions are most likely protons and the corresponding typical densities and temperatures are 0.5/cu cm and 1,000,000 K, respectively, with substantial fluctuations. It is concluded that the most likely source of these plasmas in the photodissociation of water frost on the surface of the ring material with subsequent ionization of the products and radially outward diffusion. The presence of this plasma torus is expected to have a large influence on the dynamics of Saturn's magnetosphere since the pressure ratio beta of these plasmas approaches unity at radial distances as close to the planet as 6.5 R sub S. On the basis of these observational evidences it is anticipated that quasi-periodic outward flows of plasma, accompanied with a reconfiguration of the magnetosphere beyond about 6.5 R sub S, will occur in the local night sector in order to relieve the plasma pressure from accretion of plasma from the rings.