cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scientific vision: setting forth a strategy.

Environmental exposures may adversely affect those who are vulnerable temporally (age, developmental stage), spatially (geographic location), or by unique circumstance (comorbid disease, nutritional status, socioeconomic status, genetics). Understanding the complex relationship between endogenous and exogenous risks within populations and affected individuals, how environmental exposures affect human biology, and how this knowledge can be used to reduce morbidity and extend longevity is precisely the opportunity and challenge that faces the NIEHS. My vision for the NIEHS is to improve human health by increasing this understanding through support of research and professional development in the environmental sciences (toxicology, relevant basic science), environmental medicine, and environmental public health. In addition to understanding how environmental exposures affect human biology, the NIEHS needs to understand how this knowledge can be used to reduce morbidity and extend longevity.
The Role of Practice and the Observation of Practice in Speech-Sound Discrimination Learning

This study examined the use of vicarious experience in the establishment of the discriminative responses comprising a repertoire of phonetic distinctions. A modification of a technique developed by...
Molecular-weight-dependent pharmacokinetics of fluorescein-labeled dextrans in rats.

Abstract The dependency of the pharmacokinetics of fluoresceinlabeled dextrans on M r was studied in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Single intravenous doses (5 mg/kg) of the dextrans with M r of 4000, 20 000, 40 000, 70 000, or 150 000 and single oral doses (50 mg/kg) of the dextrans with M r of 4000, 20 000, or 40 000 were administered to different groups of rats. A specific and sensitive high-performance, size-exclusion chromatographic method was used to measure the concentrations of the dextrans in serial serum and urine samples, and the relevant kinetic parameters were calculated. After intravenous administration, the profiles of the concentration of dextran in serum versus time for all the studied dextrans exhibited an apparent biexponential decline, with all the calculated kinetic parameters being dependent on M r . However, the degree of dependency varied for different parameters. Among the calculated kinetic parameters, renal clearance and volume of distribution values were affected the most and least, respectively, by the differences in M r . Furthermore, we observed a clear separation between the labeled dextrans with M r ≤ 20 000 and those with M r ≥ 40 000 with respect to their concentrations in serum and kinetic parameters. After oral administration, the dextrans could not be detected in serum, and on the basis of urine data, only negligible amounts of the macromolecules were absorbed into the systemic circulation (
Part-whole transfer of a taxonomic word list

Three groups of Ss were given a part-whole transfer task where the words were members of taxonomic categories. Information regarding the taxonomic nature of the words was varied. The information-before (IB) group was given this information prior to the part list, the information-between (IBe) group received it prior to the whole list, and the no-information (NI) group was never given any information. Two control groups were included which were given taxonomic words in part-list learning which were not included in the whole list, i.e., category content was irrelevant. The information-between/irrelevant (IBe/I) group was given information regarding the whole list prior to the whole list, and the no-information/irrelevant (NI/I) group was given no information at all. Basically, the results indicated that both the IB and IBe groups exceeded the NI/I and NI groups in word recall. They did not, however, differ between themselves, except on Trial 1 of the whole list when only “;old”; words recalled were considered. Implications of these results were discussed.
Using strategic issue analysis

Abstract Strategic issue analysis is proposed as a method for resolving the strategic issues that are an important part of strategic management. The SIA process is one in which a strategic issue information model is developed using a joint manager-analyst teamwork approach. The issue models and supporting data then provide the basis for strategic decision making. The approach has numerous advantages over other approaches— both more and less formal—for resolving the strategic questions that must be addressed in any comprehensive planning process.
Echocardiography in healthy children.

To the Editor. Steinberger and colleagues' article, “Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Heart Disease in Apparently Healthy Adolescents,” raises several questions.1 One of the questions is why none of the children had abnormal findings on an examination by a board-certified pediatrician when 6 of the children had murmurs. The 2 children with atrial septal defects had systolic and diastolic murmurs and split second sounds. The child with a bicuspid aortic valve had an ejection click and a murmur in the aortic area. It could be argued that any well-trained primary care physician should be able to detect such murmurs, and that in training it is just as important to be able to ausculate a heart as to look at a tympanic membrane. One possible reason why these lesions were undetected is that the children may not have received the periodic examinations that constitute an important part of child health care. Another …
Annealing study of poly(etheretherketone)

Annealing of PEEK has been studied for two materials cold-crystallized from the rubbery amorphous state. The first material is a low molecular weight PEEK; the second is commercially available neat resin. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to monitor the melting behavior of annealed samples. The effect of thermal history on melting behavior is very complex and depends upon annealing temperature, residence time at the annealing temperature, and subsequent scanning rate. Thermal stability of both materials is improved by annealing, and for an annealing temperature near the melting point, the polymer can be stabilized against reorganization during the scan. Variations of density, degree of crystallinity, and X-ray long period were studied as a function of annealing temperature for the commercial material.
Group counseling and therapy: A perspective on the future

Abstract The development of group procedures and current practices is reviewed, and deficits in traditional procedures are cited. A proposal for training in social and life skills is provided.
Urticarial vasculitis : a histopathologic and clinical review of 72 cases

Background: Urticarial vasculitis is a subset of vasculitis characterized clinically by urticarial skin lesions and histologically by necrotizing vasculitis. Objective: A review of patients with urticarial vasculitis was undertaken to further characterize the clinical and histologic findings and to differentiate this disorder from urticaria and other types of cutaneous vasculitis. Methods: Seventy-two cases of biopsy-proven urticarial vasculitis were selected for a review of medical records, laboratory data, and histologic findings. Fifty cases of simple urticaria were also reviewed for purposes of comparison. Results: Systemic symptoms in patients with urticarial vasculitis included angioedema in 30 patients (42%), arthralgias in 35 (49%), pulmonary disease in 15 (21%), and abdominal pain in 12 (17%). Twenty-three patients (32%) had hypocomplementemia. Forty-six of 72 patients (64%) had lesions that lasted more than 24 hours, 23 of 72 (32%) had painful or burning lesions, and 25 of 72 (35%) had lesions that resolved with purpura. Sixteen biopsy specimens from the 23 patients with hypocomplementemia showed dermal neutrophilia in addition to the perivascular infiltrate. Of the 23 patients with hypocomplementernia, 20 (87%) had fluorescence of the blood vessels and 16 (70%) had fluorescence of the basement membrane zone as determined by routine direct immunofluorescence. Conclusion: Patients with hypocomplementemia were more likely to have systemic symptoms such as urticaria that resolved with purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The histolog c pattern associated with hypocomplementemia is interstitial neutrophilic infiltrate of the dermis and an immunofluorescent pattern of immunoglobulins or C3 in the blood vessels and along the basement membrane zone.
The fluffy Gene of Neurospora crassa Is Necessary and Sufficient to Induce Conidiophore Development

The fl (fluffy) gene of Neurospora crassa encodes a binuclear zinc cluster protein that regulates the production of asexual spores called macroconidia. Two other genes, acon-2 and acon-3, play major roles in controlling development. fl is induced specifically in differentiating tissue during conidiation and acon-2 plays a role in this induction. We examined the function of fl by manipulating its level of expression in wild-type and developmental mutant strains. Increasing expression of fl from a heterologous promoter in a wild-type genetic background is sufficient to induce conidiophore development. Elevated expression of fl leads to induction of development of the acon-2 mutant in nitrogen-starved cultures, but does not bypass the conidiation defect of the acon-3 mutant. These findings indicate that fl acts downstream of acon-2 and upstream of acon-3 in regulating gene expression during development. The eas, con-6, and con-10 genes are induced at different times during development. Morphological changes induced by artificially elevated fl expression in the absence of environmental cues were correlated with increased expression of eas, but not con-6 or con-10. Thus, although inappropriate expression of fl in vegetative hyphae is sufficient to induce conidial morphogenesis, complete reconstitution of development leading to the formation of mature conidia may require environmental signals to regulate fl activity and/or appropriate induction of fl expression in the developing conidiophore.
Exact strongly bound solutions of the classical relativistic two-body problem due to magnetic interactions

We show that the classical relativistic two-body problem of electrodynamics with Clausius-Darwin potential (α/r)(1−υ1·υ2) has very tightly bound solutions besides the usual Kepler orbits. The new elliptic orbits in the center of mass frame have been determined by two different methods. The Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization gives a linearly rising mass spectrum for the new states. The very unusual properties of these solutions are discussed.
Electrical resistivity of iron-vanadium alloys between 78 and 1200 K

Abstract Electrical resistivity (ϱ) of FeV alloys containing 0.5, 0.9, 2.7, and 6.1 at% V has been measured as a function of temperature ( T ) between 78 and 1200 K. The ϱ vs. T curves exhibit a change in the slope at the ferromagnetic Currie temperature ( T c ). The d ϱ /d T vs. T curves in the neibhorhood of T c are similar to the corresponding plot for pure Fe. Our studies confirm the previously observed anomalous effect of V on T c of Fe, i.e., that T c increase with small additions of V to Fe. The critical index λ + associated with the power law of d ϱ /d T just above T c has been determined as a function of V concentration.
Professional education reading patterns of presidential science honorees

The 422 Presidential Science Honorees (1984–86) participated in a Delphi study composed of two surveys. The first survey ascertained the science education journals, general education journals, science indexes, and education indexes that preservice secondary science education majors should be familiar with in their preparation program. There was a 53.9% return rate for the first survey, but data about science and education indexes was too limited for further analysis. The second survey included the most frequently mentioned science education and general education journals and a demographic component. There was a 72.5% return rate for the second survey with 92.1% of the first respondents completing the second survey. The respondents were 36.9% female and 59.8% male. Generally, the respondents were mainly high school teachers who have a Master's degree, are actively involved in their school system's inservice education program for science, attend professional meetings, submit manuscripts for publication, more recently completed a college science course than a college education course, and read science education journals more frequently and thoroughly than general education journals. The most frequently read journals tend to be of a practical orientation. Almost 60% of the respondents read more than one-third of each issue of The Science Teacher. The next five most frequent journals read were: National Geographic, Discover, Science News, American Biology Teacher, and Chem Matters.
56.3: Development of One Drop Fill Technology for AM‐LCDs

A new cell process for TFT-LCDs which integrates the liquid crystal (LC) injection with the glass substrate assembly process has been developed and has similarities to that previously reported for passive LCDs. In this process LC is applied in droplets directly onto the glass substrate, and results in reduced LC waste, reduction of fabrication time, and overall process simplification. With this technology, we fabricated 22 inch diagonal, high-resolution products and achieved better cell gap uniformity and fast (16.7 ms) time response for the in-plane switching (IPS) mode LCDs.
Physical design for debug: insurance policy for IC's

Physical Design for Debug (PDFD) is a method to enable root cause and validation of design errata and process defects during silicon debug, failure analysis, and fault isolation. This keeps the backend portion of the product life cycle (Post Si to product qualification) on schedule. Specifically, Optical probers and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) systems rely on pre-placed PDFD features for navigation, logic and timing modifications, and signal probing. Typical PDFD features include bonus logic and sequentials, fiducial markers, mechanical probe access points, FIB access points designed into standard cells like clock buffers, and cut and connect options to enable spare circuits/features. Why should a Design or Automation engineering care about PDFD and post Si debug? Because this insurance policy consumes considerable resources required to build and validate library cells, develop insertion tools and flows, and simulate timing, performance, and power impact.
The Common Core State Standards: The Emperor Is Still Looking for His Clothes

As of September 2012, only Alaska, Minnesota, Nebraska, Texas, and Virginia had not adopted the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). Yet empirical evidence that demonstrates the efficacy of the init...
Homeostasis within the corticotropin-releasing factor system via CRF2 receptor activation: a novel approach for the treatment of anxiety

Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent forms of mental illness that are often thought of as stress-related disorders because their symptoms are frequently triggered by stressful life events. Clinical studies provide strong evidence for the involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a key regulator of the stress response, in anxiety and depression. Recent evidence from studies involving CRF2 receptor knockout mice and CRF2 receptor-specific ligands suggests that the two CRF receptor subtypes have a differential role in mediating the stress response, where activation of the CRF1 receptor leads to increases in the stress response and the CRF2 receptor represents a compensatory coping mechanism to oppose this action. This proposed differential regulation of stress-related behaviors via the two CRF receptor subtypes suggests that a disruption of homeostasis within the stress system may be a key underlying factor in the regulation of psychiatric disorders associated with chronic stress. Therefore, it appears that restoring the neurochemical balance within the CRF system via CRF2 receptor activation may provide a novel approach in the treatment of stress-related disorders. Drug Dev. Res. 65:205–215, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High-resolution Squids For Magnetic Imaging

Recent 1 y- de vel oped , hi gh- resol ution Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometers can provide magnetic images of small objects with a signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution that a re an order of magnitude better than is achievable with conventional magnetometers. If the magnetic fields are produced by a two-dimensional current distribution, Fourier-transfor m spatial filtering algorithms allow interpretation of the magnetic field maps in terms of current density images. The system can detect growth currents in a fertile chicken egg, and signals from a voluntarilyactivated single motor unit in the human thumb.
Emergence of a vowel system in a young cochlear implant recipient.

This report chronicles changes in vowel production by a congenitally deaf child who received a multichannel cochlear implant at 19 months. The emergence of Hannah’s vowel system was monitored by tr...
Diamond-like carbon overcoat for TFMH using filtered cathodic arc system with Ar-assisted arc discharge

Abstract The deposition system described for sub-30 A and thicker carbon (ta-C) overcoat that includes two RF ion beam guns and Filtered Cathodic Arc (FCA) module mounted on a single vacuum chamber. The system is capable of flattening the Thin Film Magnetic Heads (TFMH) surface by ion beam etching; smoothing scratches, trenches, steps on boundaries of different materials, and enhancing the adhesion by ion assisted ion beam sputtering. It provides the highly controllable deposition of carbon using an FCA module with Ar-assisted arc discharge. Low-level particulates are achieved on the deposited film surface (
The pH sensor for flavivirus membrane fusion.

Viruses that infect cells by uptake through endosomes have generally evolved to “sense” the local pH as part of the mechanism by which they penetrate into the cytosol. Even for the very well studied fusion proteins of enveloped viruses, identification of the specific pH sensor has been a challenge, one that has now been met successfully, for flaviviruses, by Fritz et al. (Fritz, R., K. Stiasny, and F.X. Heinz. 2008. J. Cell Biol. 183:353–361) in this issue. Thorough mutational analysis of conserved histidine residues in the envelope protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus led Fritz et al. (2008) to identify a histidine at a key domain interface as the critical pH sensor; its protonation triggers the large-scale conformational rearrangement that induces fusion of viral and endosomal membranes.
Development and characterization of improved tissue engineered valve-equivalents using chemical and mechanical signaling

Tissue engineered valves hold considerable promise as replacement valves that avoid many of the problems present in current replacement valve technology. Furthermore, these valves, as a living construct, would be able to grow and remodel in vivo. We have developed a bileaflet biopolymer-scaffold based valve equivalent that possesses the correct geometry and underlying collagen fibril alignment. These valve-equivalents, however, have significantly worse mechanical properties as compared to healthy, native valves (in terms of ultimate tensile stress and tangent modulus). Furthermore, valve equivalents with initial collagen scaffolds show very little compositional remodeling leaving a predominantly collagen valve with little of the elastin and proteoglycan content present in native valves. We present work here aimed at improving the compositional and mechanical properties of valve-equivalents (VEs) by using a combination of chemical signaling by using a fibrin (as opposed to collagen) scaffold incubated with TGF-/spl beta/ and insulin and mechanical signaling achieved by VE incubation in a bioreactor.
ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER : XIV. DURATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ANTI-ICTEROIDES IMMUNE SERUM AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS INOCULATION INTO ANIMALS.

Analysis of the records of instances in which non-immune persons contracted yellow fever notwithstanding vaccination shows that the onset of disease occurs soon after vaccination, the longest period being 13 days. Since the average incubation period in yellow fever is 6 days, it seems that infection must have taken place in some instances during the period while protection was developing. These instances led to a study of the possibility of immediate protection by means of the anti-icteroides serum. It had already been shown that the immune serum protects at once against experimental Leptospira icteroides infection, but it remained to determine how long the protection would last. Guinea pigs were given different quantities of the immune serum and subsequently injected, at various intervals, with a virulent strain of Leptospira icteroides. Complete protection enduring 5 days was obtained with as minute a quantity of serum as 0.002 cc. per 1,000 gm. of body weight. After 5 days, however, the immune substance rapidly diminished, and to keep the animal protected for as long as 10 days it was necessary to give 100 times as much, or 0.2 cc. For a man weighing 80 kilos, 0.16 cc. (0.002 x 80) would theoretically be sufficient to protect for at least 5 days, 1.6 cc. for 7 days, and 16 cc. for 10 days. This temporary protection may be a valuable antecedent to that furnished by vaccination, since the final effect of the latter cannot be expected until at least 9 to 10 days have passed.
The Variability in the Gross Body Weight and the Weights of the Liver, Feathers and Blood of 131 Chickens

Abstract A better knowledge of the anatomy and especially a quantative knowledge of the domestic fowl is greatly needed, because of the commercial importance of the poultry industry and as well the frequent use of chickens for laboratory experiments. There have been many studies of the growth in gross body weight, with normal feeding and a few feeding experiments to illustrate the effect of various foods, but very little has been done on the size of the various organs. While searching the literature in the preparation of another paper, the senior author found some interesting data by Zaitschek (’08) on the live weight, the dressed weight, and the weight of the liver, feathers, and blood of 131 chickens. These data seemed to warrant further study, and so we have studied the variability of the gross and dressed body weights and the weights of the blood, feathers, and liver, and also the . . .
Sense and signification in Reid and Descartes : A critique of Yolton's reading

Le but de l'article est de mettre en evidence les differences entre Descartes et Reid au sujet du role que chacun assigne aux sensations dans le processus perceptuel
Preliminary investigation of crosslinked chitosan sponges for tailorable drug delivery and infection control

Local versus systemic antibiotic delivery may be an effective strategy for treating musculoskeletal infections, especially when antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present. Lyophilized uncrosslinked, genipin crosslinked, and genipin crosslinked with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chitosan sponges were analyzed for their in vitro degradation rate, chemical crosslinking, antibiotic uptake, elution, biologic activity, and cytotoxicity. These evaluations were pursued to determine if crosslinking with genipin could be used to create a tailorable point of care loaded sponge for local infection control. Crosslinking the chitosan sponges decreased degradation in phosphate-buffered saline from 4.48 ± 2.28 wt % remaining of the uncrosslinked sponges to 78.82 ± 1.15 and 73.87 ± 1.27 wt % remaining at week 1 for the genipin and PNIPAM/genipin crosslinked sponges, respectively. The PNIPAM/genipin crosslinked sponges exhibited the most sustained release of biologically active antibiotics, with an average antibiotic release 63% higher than uncrosslinked and 37% higher than genipin crosslinked sponges, after 96 h. No significant cytotoxic effects from sponges or eluates were exhibited with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. These preliminary results indicate that genipin crosslinked chitosan sponges, with or without PNIPAM, have potential as local delivery systems for adjunctive therapy for infection control, especially when longer degradation periods and higher antibiotic elutions are desired. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 110–123, 2013.
A Stress Reduction and Self-Care Group for Homeless and Addicted Women: Meditation, Relaxation and Cognitive Methods

ABSTRACT This article describes groups at two residential settings for women with substance abuse problems, a shelter and a drug treatment center. The groups employed meditation exercises and cognitive restructuring techniques to teach meditation and relaxation, to help members identify and correct distortions causing stress, to provide positive and credible countering thoughts, and to improve social relationships. The groups and the themes that arose are described and examples are presented.
Identification and functional expression of a carrier-mediated riboflavin transport system on rabbit corneal epithelium

Purpose: To investigate the functional expression of a carrier-mediated transport mechanism for riboflavin (vitamin B2) across cultured rabbit primary corneal epithelial cells (rPCECs) and intact rabbit cornea. The secondary objective was to understand the physiological significance behind the presence of such a transport system for riboflavin on the apical side of the corneal epithelium. Methods: rPCECs and freshly excised rabbit corneas were selected as in vitro and ex vivo models, respectively. Transport and uptake characteristics of [3H]riboflavin were determined at various time points, concentrations, temperatures, and pH. Substrate specificity, energy, and ion dependence studies were carried out to characterize the translocation mechanism. Rabbit tear analysis was done with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to understand the physiological relevance of this transporter. Results: The uptake process in rPCECs was found to be concentration dependent and saturable at higher concen...
Corporate-State Irresponsibility, Critical Publicity, And Asbestos Exposure In Libby, Montana:

The story of asbestos exposure in Libby, Montana, should cement W. R. Grace’s place in the annals of corporate irresponsibility. Although the company is perhaps better known for its toxic dumping in Woburn, Massachusetts (popularized in the movie A Civil Action), its record in Libby reveals a troubling disconnection between knowledge and action and serves as an exemplary negative case for scholars of corporate social responsibility. But the story of Libby also reveals a lesson about the limitations of the rhetoric of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Libby reminds us that corporate wrongdoing is often accomplished with the help of the state. Thus, a rhetoric of CSR must have an interorganizational focus; it must demand social responsibility from the corporate body constituted in tandem by companies and the state agencies charged to regulate them. In the brief space allotted here, I want to illustrate these points in relation to Libby, and suggest that CSR rhetoric foreground and enact the notion of critical publicity to expose the exercise of corporate-state power.
Molecular dynamics study of the connection between flap closing and binding of fullerene-based inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease.

The complementary spatial relationship between fullerene C60 and the hydrophobic cavity region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease, which houses the active site of the enzyme, has led to the suggestion that fullerene-based derivatives could have potential use as effective HIV protease inhibitors. The ability of such compounds to desolvate the cavity region leads to a strong hydrophobic interaction between the C60 moiety and residues in the cavity region. In this study, the connection between the motion of the so-called flexible flaps of the cavity and favorable binding of a fullerene-based protease inhibitor is explored using multiple-time scale molecular dynamics simulations and free energy techniques. In addition, the effect of the interaction between the C60 moiety and the residues in the cavity region on the water content of the cavity is also investigated. Conformational free energy profiles along a suitably chosen flap opening coordinate show a considerable barrier to flap opening in ...
Assessing the Association Between Self-Control and Self-Reported Criminal Behaviors Between Sexual Orientation Groups

Since the development of the general theory of crime, self-control has been tested in a variety of manners including various sample populations and criminal outcomes. A smaller, but growing body of...
Synthetic mimetics of protein secondary structure domains.

Proteins modulate the majority of all biological functions and are primarily composed of highly organized secondary structural elements such as helices, turns and sheets. Many of these functions are affected by a small number of key protein–protein contacts, often involving one or more of these well-defined structural elements. Given the ubiquitous nature of these protein recognition domains, their mimicry by peptidic and non-peptidic scaffolds has become a major focus of contemporary research. This review examines several key advances in secondary structure mimicry over the past several years, particularly focusing upon scaffolds that show not only promising projection of functional groups, but also a proven effect in biological systems.
The Spelling Sensitivity Score: Noting Developmental Changes in Spelling Knowledge

Spelling is a language skill supported by several linguistic knowledge sources, including phonemic, orthographic, and morphological knowledge. Typically, however, spelling assessment procedures do not capture the development and use of these linguistic knowledge sources. The purpose of this article is to describe a new assessment system, the Spelling Sensitivity Score (SSS), and then demonstrate initial evidence of its usefulness for detecting developmental changes in spelling knowledge. Two studies that examined spelling knowledge across an academic year in kindergarten, first-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students using the SSS and a traditional correct/incorrect scoring are reported. For all grades, the SSS system, unlike traditional scoring, was able to reveal specific increases in the children’s linguistic knowledge across time. Furthermore, for the kindergarten children, the SSS metric was more sensitive than traditional scoring for noting general and specific developmental changes across the y...
Dipyridamole dilates large coronary arteries in conscious dogs.

The effects of 0.25 mg/kg dipyridamole on left ventricular (LV) pressures, LV dP/dt, heart rate, aortic pressures, left circumflex coronary blood flow, and left circumflex coronary arterial diameters and on calculations of late diastolic coronary resistance and large coronary cross-sectional area were studied in 15 conscious dogs. Injection of dipyridamole, a drug that has a mechanism of action dependent on myocardial adenosine production, caused sustained increases in mean coronary blood flow (244 +/- 28%), large coronary arterial cross-sectional area (28 +/- 3.2%), heart rate (32 +/- 3.6%), and LV dP/dt (23 +/- 3.0%) and reductions in late diastolic coronary resistance (73 +/- 2.4%) and mean arterial pressure (14 +/- 1.9%). Neither beta-adrenergic-receptor blockade alone nor in conjunction with constant heart rate affected the dilation of large coronary arteries to dipyridamole significantly. Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium also had little effect on the response of large and small coronary vessel...
Electron transfer NO 2 + +NO→N0 2 +NO + in aromatic nitration

A simple model for computing the electron transfer rate constant of a cross-reaction has been proposed in the framework of semiclassical theory and employed to investigate the electron transfer system NO 2 + /NO. The encounter complex of electron transfer NO 2 + +NO→N02+NO+ has been optimized at the level of UHF/6-31G. In the construction of diabatic potential energy surfaces the linear coordinate was used and the kinetic quantities, such as the activation energies and the electron transfer matrix elements, have been obtained. For comparison, the related selfexchange reactlon systems NO 2 + /NO2 and NO+/NO were kinetically investigated. The calculated activation energies for the electron transfer reactions of systems NO 2 + /NO, NO 2 + /NO2, and NO+/NO are 81.4, 128.8, and 39.8 kJ.mol-1, respectively. With the solvent effect taken into account, the contribution of solvent reorganization to the activation energy has been estimated according to the geometric parameters of the transition states. The obtained rate constants show that the activity of NO 2 + as an oxidizing reagent in the aromatic nitration will be greatly decreased due to a high activation barrier contributed mainly from the change of bond angle ONO.
A Surgical Ultrasound System Using an Embedded Personal Computer

The field of diagnostic medical ultrasound has established itself as an integral and essential part of diagnostic imaging. This is indicated by the fact that the number of sonographers more than tripled between 1975 and 1982 [1]. In February of 1984, the National Institute of Health estimated that one-third to one-half of all pregnant women in the United States have ultrasound evaluation at some point [2].
Was the Revolution Tweeted? Social Media and the Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia

Tunisia's Internet freedom prior to the “Jasmine Revolution” that overthrew longtime authoritarian leader Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali has been described as roughly on par with that of China. Despite that, Tunisia's revolution has been described as one of the first “Twitter” or Internet revolutions, in which Internet technologies are said to have played a significant role This article illuminates how Internet technologies were (and weren't) used in challenging the Ben Ali regime. Based on interviews with Tunisian activists in early 2013, the research sheds light on Internet activities bridging street activism and Internet dissent. Whether through Internet or traditional face-to-face means, building the capacity to mobilize street protests long before mass mobilization was crucial to Tunisia's successful revolution.
Abstract TMP83: Propensity Score Matching to Estimate Supported Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients with Withdrawal of Life Support

Background: Observational reports suggest that a self-fulfilling prognostic pessimism may lead to withdrawal of life support (WOLS) in patients with more severe intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) who might otherwise have acceptable clinical outcomes. Our objective was to estimate what outcomes in a cohort of ICH patients might have been if they did not have WOLS. Methods: Multivariate modeling was used to create a propensity score (PS) for WOLS in a Seattle single center cohort of ICH patients with hospital discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as the primary outcome. Using nearest neighbor matching, individual ICH patients with WOLS were matched to individual ICH patients without WOLS and baseline variables and outcome were compared. Results: The cohort comprised 590 ICH patients with mean age of 67 years, 42% women, 76% white and 18% WOLS. Factors used to create the PS for WOLS included age, pre-ICH mRS, GCS, ICH volume, intraventricular hemorrhage, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillation, first temperature and intubation. Matches were possible for 78 WOLS/non-WOLS pairs. Groups were well matched on all PS factors, mean age (67 years), GCS (6.4), ICH volume (59cc) and % intubation (59). Discharge mRS in the both groups varied from 3-6 and was for the WOLS group 1.3%, 2.6%, 6.4% and 90% respectively; in the matched non-WOLS group discharge mRS was 6.4%, 32%, 24% and 37% respectively (difference p Conclusions: The proportion of ICH patients with WOLS that might have had an acceptable outcome without WOLS was ~38%. This discharge “acceptable outcome” of mRS
Quicken Transformation of the Battle Effectiveness Generating Mode

Quicken transformation of the battle effectiveness generating mode is a great strategic task,which is very important for the defense and military construction.The strategy significance of transformating the battle effectiveness generating mode is expounded.The science connotation of transformating the battle effectiveness generating mode is exposed.The strategy acts of quicken transformation of the battle effectiveness generating mode is presented.
The Mini-Mental State Test and Computerized Tomography

In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the Mini-Mental State (MMS) test, the authors had 63 patients complete the test after undergoing computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the brain. Patients with positive CT scans scored significantly lower than those with negative CT scans. Further analysis showed that cerebral atrophy was more closely related to cognitive impairment than focal cerebral lesions only. The authors conclude that the MMS can discriminate organicity in some instances but that further refinement and modification of its subtests are needed for maximum usefulness.
Robust CDMA receiver design under disguised jamming

This paper considers robust CDMA receiver design and jamming evaluation under disguised jamming, where the jammer generates a fake signal using the same spreading code, constellation and pulse shaping filter as that of the authorized signal. First, we analyze the performance of conventional CDMA systems under disguised jamming, and show that due to the symmetricity between the authorized signal and the jamming interference, the receiver cannot really distinguish the authorized signal from jamming, leading to complete communication failure. Second, by exploiting the small time difference between the authorized signal and the jamming interference, the conventional CDMA receiver can be redesigned to achieve robust performance under disguised jamming. More specifically, we propose to estimate the authorized signal, the phase and power level or range of the jamming interference by minimizing the MSE between the received signal and the jammed signal, which is the sum of the authorized signal and the disguised jamming. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation examples. It is shown that with the proposed receiver design, the BER performance of CDMA can be improved significantly under disguised jamming, and an analytical evaluation about jamming can also be obtained.
The California Annual Grassland: An Overview

The foundation of our knowledge of the Californian annual grassland ecosystem was laid during the International Biological Program (IBP), when research at several field sites was carried out as part of the Grassland Biome project. Unfortunately, no single synthesis volume resulted from the California work, but a precursor was published by the University of California’s Institute of Ecology (U.C. Davis), based on a symposium sponsored by the California chapter of the American Society of Agronomy. Data originating from the IBP project were also utilized in the international synthesis of grassland ecosystem function (Coupland 1979), as well as serving as a basis for the development of a system-level production model (Pendleton et al. 1983). At that time there was a strong emphasis on system structure, particularly plant production as related to the physical environment (microclimate, soil nutrient status) and on green biomass consumption by large mammalian grazers. In the American Society of Agronomy Proceedings a chapter by Menke and Williams emphasized the contrasting lack of information on other controls on net primary production-the roles of fire, of plant mortality, and of leaching; the rates and mechanisms of decomposition; the influence of seed production and plant population dynamics.
Generation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Lentiviral Transduction

Human somatic cells can be reprogrammed to the pluripotent state to become human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). This reprogramming is achieved by activating signaling pathways that are expressed during early development. These pathways can be induced by ectopic expression of four transcription factors-Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Although there are many ways to deliver these transcription factors into the somatic cells, this chapter will provide protocols that can be used to generate hiPSC from lentiviruses.
Improving user perceived QoS in D2D networks via binary quantile opportunistic scheduling

State-of-the-art D2D schedulers' performance can be evaluated from at least two different perspectives: the sum throughput and the fraction of satisfied users/applications. In this paper we revisit the performance of such schedulers, e.g., FlashLinQ/ITLinQ, showing they strike particular trade-offs between these two metrics. Our analysis and simulations show that the sum-rate benefits of such schedulers come at the expense of fairness, which under high densities can lead to a substantial fraction of unsatisfied users. This motivates a proposed opportunistic scheduler design, Binary Quantile (BQ) scheduling, which further exploits temporal channel variations via a low overhead distributed mechanisms and realizes substantial improvements in user/application performance. We further show that an adapting version of BQ scheduling where link quantile thresholds are adjusted based on achieved throughput can further achieve substantial improvement in user/application level satisfaction which is robust to heterogeneity in the network topology.
Bilingualism in International Schools: a model for enriching language education

There is perhaps no educational setting in which issues of multilingualism are more salient than in international schools worldwide. Curricula must address the needs of students with respect to the...
Substrates for neural metabolism of xenobiotics in adult and developing brain.

Cellular heterogeneity and structural complexity of the nervous system, coupled with regional and cellular differences in the metabolic capabilities of neurons, glia and other non-neuronal elements, may underlie the selective cellular involvement following exposure to neurotoxicants. Determination of the role of biotransdormation of xenobiotics in neural pathoclisis requires an understanding of the cellular distribution of both phase I and phase II enzyme systems in the brain
Aggression and the Evolution of Man

Throughout their writings, innate aggressionists make it a basic tenet of their argument that the evolution of man was literally dependent upon the development of his aggressiveness. For example, in On Aggression Konrad Lorenz writes, “When man, by virtue of his weapons and other tools, of his clothing and fire, had more or less mastered the inimical forces of his extra-specific environment, a state of affairs must have prevailed in which the counter-pressures of the hostile neighboring hordes had become the chief selecting factor determining the next steps of human evolution. Small wonder indeed if it produced a dangerous excess of what had been termed the ‘warrior virtues’ of man” (p. 343).
The Lure and Legacy of Music at Versailles: Louis XIV and the Aix School

Louis XIV and his court at Versailles had a profound influence on music in France and throughout Europe. In 1660 Louis visited Aix-en-Provence, a trip that resulted in political and cultural transformations throughout the region. Soon thereafter Aix became an important center of sacred music composition, eventually rivaling Paris for the quality of the composers it produced. John Hajdu Heyer documents the young king's visit and examines how he and his court deployed sacred music to enhance the royal image and secure the loyalty of the populace. Exploring the circle of composers at Aix, Heyer provides the most up-to-date and complete biographies in English of nine key figures, including Guillaume Poitevin, Andre Campra, Jean Gilles, Francois Estienne, and Antoine Blanchard. The book goes on to reveal how the history of political power in the region was reflected through church music, and how musicians were affected by contemporary events.
Improved capacitive energy storage via surface functionalization of activated carbon as cathodes for lithium ion capacitors

Abstract Lithium ion capacitors (LICs) have the potential to combine the high energy density of lithium ion batteries and the high power density of supercapacitors into one device. In this study, we have investigated surface functionalization of activated carbon (AC) powder as the cathode for LICs with non-aqueous electrolytes. It is found that solution chemistry treatment is an effective way to impart pseudocapacitance and thus increase the specific capacitance of the AC powder. The surface functionalization has led to increases in the specific capacitance from 18 – 35 F/g to 80–140 F/g, while the areal specific capacitance per BET surface area has increased from 3.6 μF/cm 2 to 74.8 μF/cm 2 . The latter is 3.5 times the theorectical electrical double layer value for graphene, indicating the existence of redox reactions and their great potential in enhancing the capacitance for LICs. The mechanism of capacitance improvement has been diagnosed and attributed mainly to the pseudocapacitive redox reaction on the C O sites. In addition, the enhancement in the specific capacitance is found to vary with the composition of electrolytes, likely due to the change in wetting behavior and the size of solvated ions. This work has opened up a new route to increase the specific capacitance of low cost and widely used AC powder for LICs.
Differential Diversity-Embedding Space Time Block Coding

Diversity-embedding space time block coding (DE-STBC) introduced in [1] enables Unequal Error Protection (UEP) using multiple transmit antennas. Even though these codes do not require channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, they do need it at the receiver for decoding. A differential scheme is proposed in this paper to eliminate the need for channel estimation at the receiver which is especially costly with multiple transmit and receive antennas. Since most previously proposed differential schemes in the literature are based on orthogonal STBC, they are not applicable to the non-orthogonal family of DE-STBC considered in this paper.
Integrating Strategic and Ethical Issues in Marketing Cases

(1990). Integrating Strategic and Ethical Issues in Marketing Cases. Marketing Education Review: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 70-75.
Conclusion: The Paradox of Partisanship in 2016 and Beyond

Rackaway and Rice discuss the challenges inherent in the paradox of party organizations weakening at the same time partisanship in the electorate strengthens. They discuss the factors that have produced these seemingly contradictory trends and the variety of pressures American political parties found themselves under during the 2016 election. These pressures continue beyond the election, and a variety of factors combine to make the futures of the Democratic and Republican parties look bleak. Yet, parties over time have demonstrated a remarkable amount of adaptability. Surviving this latest round of challenges will require strategically adapting to a changing electorate. The chapter also discusses the insights that the other chapters in the book, taken together, provide into parties’ prospects for the future.
A Generalized Reduced Gradient Method for the Optimal Control of Very-Large-Scale Robotic Systems

This paper develops a new indirect method for distributed optimal control (DOC) that is applicable to optimal planning for very-large-scale robotic (VLSR) systems in complex environments. The method is inspired by the nested analysis and design method known as generalized reduced gradient (GRG). The computational complexity analysis presented in this paper shows that the GRG method is significantly more efficient than classical optimal control or direct DOC methods. The GRG method is demonstrated for VLSR path planning in obstacle-populated environments in which robots are subject to external forces and disturbances. The results show that the method significantly improves performance compared to the existing direct DOC and stochastic gradient methods.