cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infections Caused by Kluyvera Species in Humans

Kluyvera is a relatively newly described genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae that infrequently causes infections in humans. The organism has been isolated from various clinical specimens, but its significance has not been clearly established. In fact, it has been regarded alternatively as saprophytic, opportunistic, or pathogenic. Since the redefinition of this genus in 1981, case reports of diverse clinical infections occurring under various host conditions have been published. Here we present a critical review of all Kluyvera infections reported in the literature, along with our experience involving 5 additional cases. Most patients received prompt antimicrobial treatment on the basis of susceptibility testing, and overall the clinical outcomes were good. Antimicrobial agents active against most Kluyvera strains include third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. In contrast, the resistance to ampicillin, extended-spectrum penicillins, and first- and second-generation cephalosporins is significant. Kluyvera is a potentially virulent pathogen that deserves aggressive treatment designed with an awareness of the organism's antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Optimal Blood Pressure in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (from the AFFIRM Trial)

Many medications used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) also reduce blood pressure (BP). The relation between BP and mortality is unclear in patients with AF. We performed a post hoc analysis of 3,947 participants from the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management trial. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at baseline and follow-up were categorized by 10-mm Hg increments. The end points were all-cause mortality (ACM) and secondary outcome (combination of ACM, ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity, significant bradycardia, stroke, major bleeding, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism). SBP and DBP followed a “U-shaped” curve with respect to primary and secondary outcomes after multivariate analysis. A nonlinear Cox proportional hazards model showed that the incidence of ACM was lowest at 140/78 mm Hg. Subgroup analyses revealed similar U-shaped curves. There was an increased ACM observed with BP
Knowledge and preference for breast conservation therapy among women without breast cancer.

Abstract We interviewed 419 adult women in Minnesota, who were selected at random and without a history of breast cancer, to ascertain what percentage could correctly report that cure was the same for breast conservation therapy and mastectomy, what percentage would state a preference for breast conservation therapy rather than mastectomy, and characteristics associated with these outcomes. Nearly all women ( n = 360; 86%) had heard of both mastectomy and breast conservation therapy; among these women, 37% correctly reported that the two treatments were equally efficacious. Given a scenario where they were diagnosed with breast cancer amenable to either treatment, 58% of participants stated a preference for breast conservation therapy. Older women were less likely than younger women to know that cure was the same for breast conservation therapy and mastectomy (adjusted OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2, 1.0), and women residing in urban areas were more likely to prefer breast conservation therapy over mastectomy compared to rural residents (adjusted OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.3, 3.8). Comparing these findings to women diagnosed with breast cancer in Minnesota, breast conservation therapy was found to be performed less frequently than preference for such therapy among women in our study would suggest. Educating women prior to diagnosis about breast cancer treatment options, and exploring reasons for the gap between actual utilization of breast conservation therapy and prediagnosis preference, may be indicated.
Lymphokine-activated Killer Function following Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Refractory Hematological Malignancies

Disease recurrence remains the major factor which limits the success of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for refractory hematological malignancies. The administration of interleukin 2 (IL2) with or without ex vivo generated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells represents a potential approach to eradicating residual disease after AMBT. However, since LAK precursor activity is radiosensitive, high dose chemoradiotherapy may abrogate LAK function and preclude clinical responsiveness to IL2 after ABMT. Furthermore, since lymphocyte subsets which mediate LAK activity may recover at different rates after ABMT, LAK cells may be phenotypically and/or functionally altered after ABMT. To determine whether IL2 responsive LAK precursor cells are present in the circulation after ABMT, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 21 patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma were tested for IL2-inducible LAK activity 17–83 days after ABMT. Cells were cultured with IL2 (1000–2000 units/ml) for 4 or 5 days and then tested for cytolytic activity and/or cell phenotype. LAK activity against the Daudi cell line was detected in every PBMC sample from every patient at every time point tested. The Raji cell line and a fresh allogeneic ovarian carcinoma were also lysed by LAK cells generated after ABMT. In the subgroup of patients transplanted for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, LAK precursor activity appeared comparable to that of healthy controls. Culture with IL2 resulted in increased mean IL2 receptor expression in lymphocytes from patients after ABMT (3.1–9.9%) and from healthy controls (3.1–12.0%). After culture with IL2, the percentage of cells bearing the natural killer cell-associated Leu-19 determinant was significantly higher in patient PBMC than in normal control PBMC (28.3 versus 8.7%). Positive and negative cell selection by fluorescence sorting after culture with IL2 revealed that most of the LAK activity after ABMT was mediated by the Leu-19+ cells. Although CD5+ T-cells were devoid of LAK activity, a subset LAK effectors was CD8+. Thus, LAK activity is rapidly reconstituted after ABMT and is mediated by cells phenotypically similar to those in normal controls. These results support the feasibility of IL2 ± LAK as consolidative immunotherapy after ABMT.
Development of Multi-Functional Chelators Based on Sarcophagine Cages

A new class of multifunctionalized sarcophagine derivatives was synthesized for 64Cu chelation. The platform developed in this study could have broad applications in 64Cu-radiopharmaceuticals.
System Considerations for an Exploration Spacesuit Upper Torso Architecture

NASA’s Exploration Architecture announced in September 2005, calls for development and flight of a Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) no later than 2014 and return to the moon by 2020 with a goal to reach and explore Mars. Intra-Vehicular Activity (IVA) suit systems will need to comfortably protect the crew during launch entry and abort scenarios. Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) suit systems will need to provide the capability to perform contingency zero-gravity EVA from the CEV as well as surface EVA to explore the moon and Mars. Studies currently underway to begin definition of the IVA and EVA suits point to a two suit architecture, the first being a launch, re-entry, and contingency EVA system used from CEV, the second and later being a lunar surface mobility suit only. An important consideration, yet to be determined, is the level of commonality between the early CEV and late Lunar suits. One concept is to have maximum commonality beginning with the architecture of the spacesuit upper torso. The upper torso is the foundation of the spacesuit. The upper torso supports the life support system, displays and controls, the opening for entry and closure, the helmet, and the shoulder and waist mobility joints. Upper torso architecture therefore, has a great affect on life support configuration, don/doff capability, mass and volume, suit sizing, and suit performance particularly in terms of visibility, mobility and comfort. Of prime consideration, is the upper torso material. Historically, hard upper torsos (HUTs) have been made of aluminum or composite, and soft upper torsos (SUTs) have been made of dual layer coated and noncoated fabrics. Architecture concepts have included waist entry, rear entry, and zipper closures. Upper Torso architecture is a key driver for the early CEV and late Lunar exploration spacesuit systems definition. This paper provides a review of probable Constellation Program requirements, existing upper torso architectures, and material candidates. Recent developments in the ILC Dover I-Suit fabric upper torso are discussed in relation to meeting program goals. Trade assessments suggest that fabric upper torsos, common to both Constellation Program spacesuits, provide the best advantage to meet the goals of the program.
Oregon School-Based Health Centers: Descriptive Analysis of a Patient Satisfaction Survey

Oregon’s School Based Health Centers (SBHCs) have grown from five in 1986 to the 41 state certified centers currently in operation. The centers provide developmentally appropriate primary care and behavioral health care services to elementary, middle, and high school sites. SBHC program goals include increasing student access to care, and improving both health and educational outcomes. In the 2000-2001 service year, the Oregon SBHC program began the administration of a new patient satisfaction survey designed to measure satisfaction with services, access, receipt of prevention messages, and number of missed classes. A proportional random survey sample was achieved with a 98% response rate. Results indicate that SBHC patients had high levels of satisfaction and compliance, an increased likelihood of accessing care, high levels of compliance and satisfaction with services, decreased time from school for health care reasons, and were likely to have received one or more prevention messages. This experience demonstrates how public health surveillance can be incorporated into a SBHC clinical setting with minimal disruption to services and can inform SBHC program evaluation and improvement.
Microsoft Research at TREC 2009. Web and Relevance Feedback Tracks

We took part in the Web and Relevance Feedback tracks, using the ClueWeb09 corpus. To process the corpus, we developed a parallel processing pipeline which avoids the generation of an inverted file. We describe the components of the parallel architecture and the pipeline and how we ran the TREC experiments, and we present effectiveness results.
Mild-to-Moderate Symptoms during the First Year of Antiretroviral Therapy Worsen Quality of Life in HIV-Infected Individuals

Symptoms and quality of life were assessed among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals initiating their first course of antiretroviral therapy. Symptoms, which were mostly mild or moderate, were common in the first year and significantly affected the patients' quality of life. Quality of life was inversely related to the number of symptoms and in the change in the number of symptoms from baseline.
Cellular lipid metabolism and the role of lipids in progressive renal disease

Dyslipidemia contributes to the rate of progression of atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Also, chronic kidney disease leads to the development of secondary abnormalities in lipid metabolism that contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review presents the mechanisms that underlie this risk. The mechanisms of normal cellular lipid metabolism and the abnormalities that develop in association with inflammation are reviewed. There is a special emphasis on foam cells in the kidney and on lipid-mediated changes in intrinsic kidney cells that lead to glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Correlates to studies performed in whole animals and humans are included.
A proposal for enhancing the role of tourist industry in residents conversation in heritage city

This paper focuses on how tourist industry, in the context of rapid urban development in China, can support the planning effort of keeping the unique feature of urban history, culture, and revealing urban glamour and characters based on local residents. In many of the historic preservation cases in China, commercial and tourism development are the driving force in preserving historical buildings or blocks for attracting tourists and shoppers. Meanwhile, local residents are not included in this exteriorized urban conversation pattern, some are even moved out to a different part of the city in the name of historic preservation. In other word, this kind of historic preservation district, which should serve the local residents, are turned to commercial transaction aiming at attracting tourist. Therefrom, the sense of identity and sense of belonging of the residents are weakened and the vigor of historical blocks is reduced. As Zhang Song stated in his book ‘For whom, we protect the city’, the purpose of historic preservation is that citizens can walk in and touch the old buildings. Admittedly, tourism is the key role in urban development. Further, to guide tourism serve for local citizens is the urgent issue. That is, local people appreciate the heritage of the city and want to stay and nurture the local character. Meanwhile, tourists who have briefly experienced the history and culture of the place during their visit want to come back or even relocate there. After discussing the connection between heritage preservation, local residents and tourism development using some international cities, for instance, Venice, Shanghai, Lijiang, we propose that healthy heritage preservation integrated with tourism development should aim at developing a livable place for local people. The paper concludes by presenting implementation strategies focusing on continuing the urban heritage and building urban characters in the context of urbanization in China.
Using data mining techniques to address critical information exchange needs in disaster affected public-private networks

Crisis Management and Disaster Recovery have gained immense importance in the wake of recent man and nature inflicted calamities. A critical problem in a crisis situation is how to efficiently discover, collect, organize, search and disseminate real-time disaster information. In this paper, we address several key problems which inhibit better information sharing and collaboration between both private and public sector participants for disaster management and recovery. We design and implement a web based prototype implementation of a Business Continuity Information Network (BCIN) system utilizing the latest advances in data mining technologies to create a user-friendly, Internet-based, information-rich service and acting as a vital part of a company's business continuity process. Specifically, information extraction is used to integrate the input data from different sources; the content recommendation engine and the report summarization module provide users personalized and brief views of the disaster information; the community generation module develops spatial clustering techniques to help users build dynamic community in disasters. Currently, BCIN has been exercised at Miami-Dade County Emergency Management.
The problems program directors inherit: medical student distress at the time of graduation.

Background: Distress is prevalent among residents and often attributed to rigors of training. Aims: To explore the prevalence of burnout and depression and measured mental quality of life (QOL) among graduating medical students shortly before they began residency. Method: Pooled analysis of data from 1428 fourth year medical students who responded to 1 of 3 multi-institutional studies. Students completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, PRIME MD, and SF-8 to measure burnout, depression, and low mental QOL
Eikonal hardware engine for anisotropic media

The eikonal partial differential equation is solved using a modified level set algorithm which is then transformed into a proposed field programmable gate array implementation. The numerical method for isotropic material eikonal hardware engines is extended to angle dependent anisotropic media in two dimensions. This new method transforms the eigenvalue iteration into a process which executes in constant time, and the least squares solution has been reduced to a linear combination of pre-computed rank four vectors.
Nurses’ perceptions of collaborative nurse–physician transfer decision making as a predictor of patient outcomes in a medical intensive care unit

Nurses’ perceptions of collaborative nurse–physician transfer decision making as a predictor of patient outcomes in a medical intensive care unit This prospective correlational study examined nurses’ perceptions of collaborative nurse–physician transfer decision making as a predictor of patient outcomes in a medical intensive care unit, adjusting for risk. The convenience sample consisted of 175 patient transfer decisions. Charts and computerized databases were used to collect patient information, and a questionnaire developed by the investigator was used to obtain demographic data from the 42 medical intensive care nurses. An adapted version of the Decision About Transfer scale served to measure the nurses’ perceptions of collaboration and satisfaction with respect to specific patient transfer decisions, as well as decision task complexity, and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation was utilized to adjust for patient risk. Information Processing Theory guided the study. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses first showed that the nurses’ perceptions of collaboration were not a significant predictor of patient outcomes. Furthermore, the analysis also showed that decision task complexity and the nurses’ years of critical care experience did not significantly moderate the contribution of nurses’ perceptions of collaboration to patient outcome prediction. Finally, a Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of 0·28 revealed a statistically significant (P = 0·000), positive relationship between the nurses’ perceptions of collaboration and their satisfaction with the decision making process about decisions to transfer.
Regulation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis mce1 Operon

In the murine model of infection, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis mce1 operon mutant elicits an aberrant granulomatous response, resulting in uncontrolled replication and failure to enter a persistent state. In this study, we demonstrate that the mce1 genes can be transcribed as a 13-gene polycistronic message encompassing Rv0166 to Rv0178. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and immunoblot analyses revealed that the mce1 genes and proteins are expressed during in vitro growth but are significantly down-regulated in intracellular bacilli isolated from murine macrophages. A homologue of the FadR subfamily of GntR transcriptional regulators, Rv0165c (designated Mce1R), lies upstream and is divergently transcribed from the operon. To investigate whether this gene plays a role in regulation of mce1 expression, we created an M. tuberculosis mce1R deletion mutant. There was no difference in expression of mce1 operon genes in Δmce1R compared to expression in the wild type during logarithmic growth in vitro. However, in bacilli isolated from murine macrophages, expression of mce1 genes was significantly higher in Δmce1R. In addition, overexpression of mce1R resulted in repression of the mce1 genes. These data demonstrate that Mce1R is a negative regulator that acts intracellularly to repress expression of the mce1 operon. We propose that Mce1R facilitates balanced temporal expression of the mce1 products required for organized granuloma formation, which is both protective to the host and necessary for the persistence of M. tuberculosis.
The use of ‘pericardial hoods' for maintaining exact coronary artery geometry in the arterial switch operation with complex coronary anatomy

Objective: Complex coronary artery anatomy is the major risk factor for the arterial switch operation. Of the many approaches described the ‘trap door’ technique for coronary reimplantation is most flexible and allows safer transfer in complex arterial configurations. However, we have occasionally been concerned regarding torsion of the vessels with this approach. We therefore explored the role of trap-door augmentation with pericardial hoods to maintain exact coronary geometry during coronary transfer. Methods: Between February 1992 and December 1997, 80 patients underwent an arterial switch procedure at our institution. Sixty-seven patients underwent direct coronary reimplantation. In ten, coronary/great vessel anatomy was considered unfavourable and the trap-door approach was adopted primarily. In two an augmented trap-door was performed as the primary procedure and in the last patient Aubert’s approach was used. In five patients during rewarming, ischaemic changes were noted on the electrocardiogram and/or regional wall motion abnormalities on transoesophageal echocardiography. This prompted revision of the appropriate coronary anastomosis. In three it was considered the anastomosis was kinked due to angulation of the button; in two the coronary was overstretched. In four, revision of the anastomosis was by pericardial hood augmentation. Results: In all patients there was normalization of the electrocardiogram and immediate improvement in cardiac function documented by transoesophageal echocardiography. No early or late death occurred in the pericardial hood group nor were there any readmissions for any reason. Conclusions: Pericardial augmentation of trap-door aortic anastomoses allows for the maintenance of exact coronary artery geometry during the arterial switch procedure and minimizes the risk of myocardial ischaemia. We believe it broadens the application of the arterial switch procedure to even the most complex coronary anatomy and is a useful adjunct to the other techniques of coronary transfer. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
On the Statistics of Intrachannel Four-Wave Mixing in Phase-Modulated Optical Communication Systems

We have analytically derived the correlation functions of intrachannel four-wave mixing (IFWM)-induced phase and amplitude noises in phase-modulated optical communication systems. The phase and amplitude noises are correlated with each other for binary phase-shift keying (PSK) systems but uncorrelated for M-ary PSK systems with M > 2. We have also derived analytical approximations to the probability distribution of IFWM-induced phase noise for PSK and differential PSK systems. Furthermore, we have studied the performance of an optimal linear phase-noise predictor derived from the IFWM-induced phase-noise autocorrelation function. This yields a performance improvement of 1.8 dB when IFWM-induced phase noise is the dominant impairment, and an improvement of 0.8 to 1.2 dB in the presence of amplified spontaneous emission noise and nonlinear phase noise in typical terrestrial links.
Emotional intelligence in schizophrenia

Abstract Background Deficits in emotion perception have been extensively documented in schizophrenia and are associated with poor psychosocial functioning. However, little is known about other aspects of emotion processing that are critical for adaptive functioning. The current study assessed schizophrenia patients' performance on a theoretically-based, well-validated, multidimensional measure of emotional intelligence, the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D.R., 2002. Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT): User's Manual. Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, Ontario). Methods 50 schizophrenia outpatients and 39 non-psychiatric controls completed the MSCEIT, a performance measure comprised of subtests that assess four components (branches) of emotional intelligence: Identifying, Using, Understanding, and Managing Emotions. Among patients, associations between MSCEIT scores and measures of clinical symptoms as well as functional outcome were evaluated. Results The MSCEIT demonstrated good psychometric properties in both groups. Schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse than controls on the total MSCEIT score, and on three of the four subtests: Identifying, Understanding, and Managing Emotions. Among patients, lower MSCEIT scores significantly correlated with higher negative and disorganized symptoms, as well as worse community functioning. Conclusions The MSCEIT is a useful tool for investigating emotion processing in schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate deficits across multiple domains of emotion processing. These deficits have significant links with clinical symptoms of schizophrenia and with how patients function in their daily lives. Further research is required to understand the links between emotional intelligence, clinical symptoms, and functional outcome in schizophrenia.
Expression of Bacterial Blight Resistance in Brassica Leafy Greens Under Field Conditions and Inheritance of Resistance in a Brassica juncea Source

Abstract Brassica leafy greens are one of the most economically important vegetable commodity groups grown in the southeastern United States, and more than 28,000 metric tons of these crops are harvested in the United States annually. Collard and kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala group), mustard green (B. juncea), and turnip green (B. rapa) are the most commonly planted members of the brassica leafy greens group. In the last 10 years, numerous occurrences of bacterial blight on these leafy vegetables have been reported in several states. One of the pathogens responsible for this blight is designated Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis. Two B. rapa (G30710 and G30499) and two B. juncea (PI418956 and G30988) plant introductions (PIs) that exhibited moderate to high levels of resistance to this pathogen in greenhouse studies were tested for field resistance in comparison with eight commercial cultivar representatives of turnip green, mustard green, collard, and kale. The two B. juncea PIs and one of the B. ...
P16-08. Combined blockade of the PD-1 and IL-10 pathways synergistically enhance HIV-specific CD4 T cell functions

Background HIV-specific T cell dysfunction is a prominent feature of HIV infection. We have reported that the PD-1 and IL-10 pathways mediate a reversible impairment of HIV-specific proliferative T cell responses. However, the responses are frequently modest and not all infected subjects respond to blockade of either pathway. It is therefore crucial to determine whether combined PD-L1 and IL-10Rα blockade can overcome these limitations and synergistically revive HIV-specific T cell responses.
Methods for estimating neural step sequences in neural prosthetic applications

The prospect of helping disabled patients by translating neural activity from the brain into control signals for prosthetic devices is currently being realized. Initial proof-of-concept systems have demonstrated the need for faster and more accurate estimation algorithms, without requiring unrealistically many neurons. To address this need, we recently reported the plan-movement maximum likelihood (PMML) algorithm. It combines plan activity, specifying reach end-point, with movement activity, specifying instantaneous direction and speed of the arm movement, to yield more accurate estimates with fewer neurons. This approach could greatly benefit from an improved ability to track the switching of plan activity, which precedes movement onset, so that a more accurate plan estimate can be incorporated into movement decoding. In this paper, we propose a modified point-process filter, employing an adaptive parameter, that is capable of more accurately tracking constant plan periods and step changes than conventional methods. We also suggest that this algorithm is more attractive than an alternate maximum likelihood step tracking scheme. Ultimately, the adaptive algorithm is well-suited for use with the PMML algorithm, or for directly controlling prosthetic devices with plan activity, and should improve neural prosthetic system performance.
Transcaval correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the superior vena cava.

Background The ideal technique for addressing partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the superior vena cava (SVC), with or without sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD), is debated. The risk of sinus node dysfunction, systemic, or pulmonary venous channels obstruction has led to different techniques being developed. We present our experience with 45 patients operated on using a vertical transcaval approach, without atrial or cavoatrial junction incision. Methods Between 2001 and 2010, 45 patients (28 females, 17 males, with a mean age of 5 years (range, 8 months to 70 years), underwent operations using 1 patch of autologous pericardium, after vertical SVC incision anterior to the anomalous pulmonary veins: 43 had associated sinus venosus ASD, and 6 had associated left SVC. Access was through sternotomy in 19 and right posterior thoracotomy in 26. An additional right atrial incision, without crossing the cavoatrial junction, was used in 2 patients without ASD. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 76 minutes. Mean cross-clamp time was 44 minutes. Results No deaths or important morbidities occurred. Mean follow-up was 4.4 years (range, 2 months to 9.3 years). All patients had regular echocardiographic examination, electrocardiogram, and midterm 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram. No new arrhythmias occurred. All patients showed unobstructed caval and pulmonary venous flow. Conclusions The vertical transcaval approach is a simple, highly reproducible technique for correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the SVC. It yields excellent results, with unobstructed pulmonary and systemic venous flow and without arrhythmia development. It can also be performed through a cosmetic right posterior thoracotomy.
Poster Session D060-010: Poster Group: Policy and Process in State Courts

Studies of state supreme courts recognize the policy making role of state courts, but often assume the decisions made by each court are independent of all other peer courts. While it is true that courts are independent from each other in the sense that they are not bound by the precedent of their peers (Caldeira, 1985) and that individual court level attributes, such as ideology and institutional design, influence decisions and policy; a growing body of literature stresses political actors, such as legislators, interest groups, and other political actors, are interdependent and make decisions based on the attributes and actions of their peers, as well as their individual level factors (Box-Steffensmeier and Christenson, 2014; Comparato and Gleason, 2013; Fowler and Jeon, 2008;). This inter-connected framework stresses interactions between actors is governed not just by individual level characteristics, but also the similarities and differences of actors.
Novel Insights into the Distribution of Reduced Sulfur Species in Prairie Pothole Wetland Pore Waters Provided by Bismuth Film Electrodes

Mercury/gold amalgam and bismuth film electrodes (BiFEs) were used to make the first centimeter-scale measurements of redox species in benthic pore waters of prairie pothole wetlands across a hydrologic gradient. Sulfide in pore waters increased across this system from negligible sulfide in hydrologically up-gradient recharge wetlands to thousands of micromolar in down-gradient discharge wetlands. Field measurements of sulfides using the BiFE were tested against an established colorimetric assay. Sulfide measured with the BiFE agreed well with colorimetric measurements but is not subject to analytical artifacts associated with methods needed to extract the pore waters. Use of Hg/Au and BiFE electrodes should allow for rapid in situ detection of redox active species, especially sulfide concentrations of >500 μM, in pore waters over seasonal to decadal time scales. Such measurements are needed to understand important biogeochemical and environmental processes such as carbon cycling and contaminant attenuati...
The Disordering Phase Transformation in (Ni70Fe30)3(V98-xAlxTi2) Alloys with 0 ⩽ × ⩽ 80

The sequence of disordering transformation processes in the A3B type alloy series (Ni 70 Fe 30 )3(V 98-x Al x Ti 2 ), currently under development for high-temperature structural applications, was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results of DSC show that in all alloys there are two endothermic stages of phase transformation from the ordered to the disordered state. With increasing x, the disordering transition temperature, T c , reaches a maximum ∼1000°C at x ≈ 50, and then decreases. Interrupted heating, followed by water quenching, was used to characterize the crystal structure and the microstructure of the intermediate phases. For the x + 20 alloy, TEM observations showed ordered regions of DO 22 phase in a matrix of disordered fcc (Al) phase at intermediate temperatures. The ordered domains transformed morphologically into cuboid like regions at higher temperatures. From a combined study by all the techniques, we conclude that in alloys with x between 0 and 20, the sequence of phase transformations upon heating is: DO 22 → DO 22 + Al → Al, whereas in alloys with x > 40, the major sequence is Ll 2 + B2 → Ll 2 + Al → Al.
2-[1-(2-Hy-droxy-6-meth-oxy-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]-N-methyl-hydrazinecarbothio-amide acetonitrile monosolvate.

In the title compound, C11H15N3O2S·C2H3N, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the mean plane of the hydrazinecarbothio­amide group is 75.1 (2)°. In the crystal, the main mol­ecule is linked to the solvent mol­ecule by a weak N—H⋯N hydrogen bond while O—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into columns along [100].
Discussion by Gutti Jogesh Babu

The classical statistics dominated data analysis in astronomy until very recently. Bayesian arguments are slowly entering the field. Dr. Loredo introduces these techniques through several examples of interest to astronomers. One should exercise caution in using Bayesian methods. His priors, at least in the examples, do not seem to depend on any “prior additional” information. Quite a lot depends on how the qualitative and quantitative additional information is converted into workable prior distributions.
What Consumers Want from Physician Web Sites: An Exploratory Analysis

Although physician Web sites have become commonplace in the world of health care marketing, most are developed with practiceenhancement tactics in mind so as to increase office traffic in an increa...
Forest Transitions and Buried Glacial Outwash Within the Beech-Maple Region of Michigan, USA

This study demonstrates a relationship between buried outwash and upland forest composition in a large area (7270 km 2 ) of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Tree species data were collected from presettlement survey records for 80 townships in southern Michigan. Species densities of beech (Fagus grandifolia) sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and upland oak species (Quercus spp.) were calculated in each township
Political Advertising on Social Media in the 2012 Presidential Election Exploring the Perceptual and Behavioral Components of the Third-Person Effect

This study explores the perceived effects of political ads that appeared on social media in the 2012 presidential campaign from a third-person effect perspective. Results of a survey using a probab...
Safety Evaluation of Seven of the Earliest Diverging Diamond Interchanges Installed in the United States

Diverging diamond interchanges (DDIs) are increasingly popular because they provide improved traffic operations and cost savings. On the basis of theory, DDIs should be safer than conventional diamonds, but previous empirical safety studies have been limited. The objectives of this work were, therefore, to conduct a broader safety evaluation of DDIs and to recommend a crash modification factor (CMF) for the conversion of a conventional diamond to a DDI. The team analyzed seven of the earliest DDIs in the United States. Four were in Missouri and other sites were in Kentucky, New York, and Tennessee. The team collected more than 28 site years of crash and other data before intersection conversion and more than 19 site years of data after their conversion. The primary analysis was before and after with comparison sites to account for trends and potential simultaneous event biases. The results showed that crashes were reduced at most of the sites, and the team recommended a CMF of 0.67, meaning that installat...
Short Bowel Syndrome

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs following surgical resection of the small intestine due to illnesses such as Crohn’s disease, ischemia, trauma, volvulus, and malignancy. SBS is anatomically defined by a postoperative remnant intestinal length of <200 cm. Intestinal failure and chronic parenteral nutrition dependence generally occur in patients with <100 cm of small bowel ending in a jejunostomy, <35 cm of jejunum with a jejunoileal anastomosis, or <50 cm with a jejuno-colonic anastomosis. SBS results in reduced nutrient, fluid, and electrolyte absorption, leading to dehydration, weight loss, diarrhea, and malnutrition including macro and micronutrient and vitamin deficiencies. The diagnosis is made by imaging studies that demonstrate reduced small bowel length, and/or by clinical criteria that indicate diminished small bowel absorptive function and dysmotility. The treatment of SBS includes both medical and dietary interventions. Medications are prescribed to control diarrhea by increasing bowel transit time, reducing intestinal secretion, and enhancing mucosal growth. Specific dietary and nutritional management, tailored to the patient’s postsurgical intestinal anatomy, is required to reduce diarrhea, enhance calorie absorption, and avoid vitamin and micronutrient depletion. Parenteral nutrition provides calorie as well as fluid and electrolyte support, and is closely monitored in patients with intestinal failure. Fluid and electrolytes may also be repleted by oral rehydration solutions as well as additional intravenous fluids. Monitoring nutritional status on a regular basis is required to avoid osteoporosis, neuromuscular complications, and other end organ damage. Surgical options include intestinal lengthening procedures and finally intestinal/multi organ transplantation for patients with intestinal failure and parenteral nutrition dependence who have frequent central line infections, loss of intravenous access, or liver failure. The management of SBS with intestinal failure remains challenging, with few therapeutic options and substantial morbidity and mortality.
Adaptations of Cetacean Retinal Pigments to Aquatic Environments

The underwater environment places unique constraints on the vision of cetaceans compared to their terrestrial mammalian counterparts. Water absorbs and filters light affecting both the intensity and spectral distribution of light available for vision. Therefore, the aquatic environment restricts the spectral distribution of photons and limits the distance at which objects may be observed. The cetacean eye possesses numerous anatomical, cellular and molecular adaptations to the underwater light environment that increase photon capture in a light-limited environment. These adaptations include a powerful spherical lens, a unique corneal design allowing for acute vision in both air and water, as well as a blue reflective optic tapetum. There are also molecular adaptations that influence the spectral sensitivity of both the rod and cone visual pigments. The spectral sensitivities of cetacean retinae have been a focus of attention over the last two decades. While most terrestrial mammals have dichromatic color vision based on two classes of cone photoreceptors, all cetaceans lack cone based color vision. For example, the Delphinidae (dolphins), Phocoenidae (porpoises), and some members of Ziphidae (beaked whales) possess single rod and cone photoreceptor classes. Recently, rod monochromats were identified in Ziphidae, Physeteroidea, and almost all of the mysticete (baleen) whales. The absorbance spectra of cetacean rod visual pigments are spectrally tuned to the available radiance spectra at foraging depths with an inverse relationship observed between the wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the rod pigment and depth. This also holds true for the spectral tuning of long-wavelength sensitive cone visual pigments in cetaceans. Cetacean melanopsins, the visual pigment expressed in a small subset of ganglion cells in mammalian retinae, have only just recently been examined in the cetacean rod monochromats. Genetic analyses coupled with molecular modeling predict that cetacean melanopsins possess nearly identical absorption spectra compared to their terrestrial mammalian counterparts. However, it appears that the melanopsins from the cetacean rod monochromats may possess a mechanism that inhibits relatively rapid deactivation of the light-activated melanopsin. This mechanism would result in prolonged pupil constriction resulting in a very useful mechanism in the prevention of photobleaching of rod pigments under photopic conditions.
Targeting Mutant Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) Induces Differentiation, Loss of Survival and Sensitizes AML Cells to All-Trans Retinoic Acid, Cytarbine and FLT3 Antagonists

Abstract 733 NPM1 is a nucleolar phosphoprotein that functions as an oligomeric molecular chaperone for both proteins and nucleic acids. NPM1 is mutated in approximately one-third of patients with AML, especially those with the normal karyotype. The mutant (mt) NPM1 contains a 4-base insert that results in extra C-terminal residues encoding a nuclear export signal, which causes mtNPM1 to be localized in the cytoplasm (NPM1c+). NPM1 has an N-terminal conserved, hydrophobic, oligomerization domain, which is common to all isoforms of NPM1 and critical for its chaperone activity. Recently, NSC348884 was identified as a small molecule inhibitor that disrupts wild-type (WT) and mtNPM1 dimer/oligomer formation, inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. Here, we determined the effects of specifically targeting mtNPM1 in cultured and primary AML cells. Treatment with shRNA specific to mtNPM1 or specific to WT and mtNPM1, as compared to the control non-targeted shRNA, induced p53, p21, p27 and CEBPα, but down regulated the levels of HOXA9 and Meis1 in the AML OCI-AML3 cells that heterozygously expressed mt NPM1. This led to an increase in the % of cell cycle G1 phase and a decline in % S phase cells, as well as marked inhibition of the colony growth of OCI-AML3 cells (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
16 Global Dimension

An important homological invariant of a finite dimensional algebra A is its global dimension. It measures the maximum length of a minimal projective resolution of an A-module. Nico obtained a bound on the global dimension of \(\mathbb{k}M\) for a regular monoid M in “good” characteristic [Nic71, Nic72]. Essentially, Nico discovered that \(\mathbb{k}M\) is a quasi-hereditary algebra in the sense of Cline, Parshall, and Scott [CPS88], more than 15 years before the notion was defined, and proved the corresponding bound on global dimension. Putcha was the first to observe that \(\mathbb{k}M\) is quasi-hereditary [Put98]. Here we provide a direct approach to Nico’s theorem, without introducing the machinery of quasi-hereditary algebras, although it is hidden under the surface (compare with [DR89]). Our approach follows the ideas in [MS11] and uses the results of Auslander, Platzeck, and Todorov [APT92] on idempotent ideals in algebras. In this chapter, we do not hesitate to assume familiarity with notions from homological algebra, in particular, with properties of the \(\mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits\)-functor. Standard references for homological algebra are [Wei94, HS97, CE99], although everything we shall need can be found in [Ben98] or the appendix of [ASS06].
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in Patients With Previous Sternotomy and Cardiac Surgery.

ObjectiveAlthough video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has become a standard approach for early-stage 1 lung cancer, concerns exist regarding potential damage to the heart or bypass gra...
Electric power emergency management mechanism considering the access of new energy and renewable energy

Scholars at home and abroad have had a thorough research about the theory system and the frame of emergency management on the background of traditional grid, but for the improvement of the emergency mechanism when new energy and renewable energy access the grid, more work should be done. This paper will summarize the predecessors' work on emergency management, discuss the impact of emergency management while new energy and renewable energy access the grid and some suggestions are given.
Relativizing the Classical Tradition: Hartshorne’s History of God

This paper follows Hartshorne’s thinking about the varieties of theism, especially through his use of position matricies. I pinpoint some of the limitations of this method but also expand upon it so as to remedy some of its drawbacks. One can prove, augmenting Hartshorne’s method, that there are far more concepts of God than he realized. Hartshorne’s method, moreover, highlights the fallacy of equating theism and supernaturalism and frees the imagination to view God in naturalistic terms without collapsing into atheism. At the very least, some version of theistic naturalism stands along classical theism and atheism as a live metaphysical option. Finally, one can apply Hartshorne’s thinking to the meta-level problem of religious language and thereby clarify options among various types of kataphatic and apophatic theologies.
Changes in Behaviors and Outcomes Among School-Based Employees in a Wellness Program.

Objective. To examine the health behavior changes and mental-health and job-related outcomes of school-based employees over 2 years while participating in a worksite wellness program. Method. All p...
STIM2 Induces Activated Conformation of STIM1 to Control Orai1 Function in ER-PM Junctions

Ca2+ entry mediated by the calcium channel, Orai1, provides critical Ca2+ signals that regulate cell function. The ER-Ca2+ sensor protein, STIM1, recruits and strongly activates Orai1 within ER-PM junctions. STIM2 is a poor activator of Orai1, and its physiological role is not well understood. Herein, we report a crucial function for STIM2 in inducing the activated conformation of STIM1. By using conformational sensors of STIM2 and STIM1, together with protein interaction and functional studies, we show that STIM2 is constitutively localized within ER-PM junctions in ER-Ca2+ store replete cells. Importantly, STIM2 traps STIM1 and triggers remodeling of STIM1 C terminus, causing STIM1/Orai1 coupling and enhancement of Orai1 function in cells with relatively high ER-[Ca2+]. The increase in Ca2+ entry controls Ca2+-dependent transcription factor, NFAT, activation at low [agonist]. Our findings reveal that STIM2 modulates STIM1/Orai1 function to tune the fidelity of receptor-evoked Ca2+ signaling and the physiological response of cells.