cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Inhibition and Rephasing of Photosystem II Electron Acceptor Side by Monohalogenated Acetates of Different Hydrophobicity

We demonstrate here that monohalogenated acetates (MFA , monofluoroacetate; M CA, monochloroacetate; MBA, monobromoacetate) are unique probes of the electron acceptor side of the photosystem II (PS II) reaction center: (1) they differentially inhibit the reoxidation of the reduced primary plastoquinone electron acceptor, QA⁻, by the secondary plastoquinone electron acceptor QB, and increase the equilibrium [QA⁻] in the order: MBA ≳ M CA > MFA; and (2) M CA and MBA rephase the PS II electron acceptor side, a rather unusual effect. This results in flash number dependence of [QA⁻] with maxima at even flashes to change to odd flashes. Furthermore, we demonstrate a correlation between the inhibitory activity of the halogenated acetates with their hydrophobicity (i.e., partition coefficient).
Production Functions Derived from Farm Records—A Correction

Professor W. O. Jones of the Food Research Institute, Stanford University, has kindly pointed out some computational errors which occurred in the article "Production Functions Derived from Farm Records," published in This Journal, August 1944, pp. 566 ff.
Analysis of frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall events with potential impacts on flooding: a case study from the central United States

Climate variability and change can impact rainfall by varying time, location, magnitude, and frequency of precipitation events. Fluctuations in heavy rainfall events can impact flooding and drought events and water management systems. This research addresses temporal and spatial distributions of extreme daily and monthly rainfall in Kansas using daily rainfall data from 23 stations for the period 1890–2013. The Mann–Kendall non-parametric method was used in trend analysis. Results indicate an increasing trend in the annual daily maximum rainfall, and an increase in the annual number of rainfall events above the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile thresholds at a majority of stations since 1890. The most recent 30-year climate normal period (1981–2010) was selected to assess contemporary change compared to the entire period (1890–2013). Most stations have a steeper positive slope for all extreme rainfall parameters for 1981–2010. Generally, western Kansas receives smaller and fewer extreme storms than eastern Kansas with respect to both magnitude and frequency. Since 1890, June has been the month that receives the greatest amount of rain in each year at a majority of stations (18 of 23). Stations in eastern Kansas tend to experience earlier maximum rainfall on a monthly basis than central and western stations. Earlier annual maximum monthly rains can affect soil moisture and runoff generation. Timely maintenance and improvement in water, soil, and flood management systems are necessary in order to increase preparedness of the society to flash floods and protect them from water management systems failures.
When stem cells grow old: phenotypes and mechanisms of stem cell aging

All multicellular organisms undergo a decline in tissue and organ function as they age. An attractive theory is that a loss in stem cell number and/or activity over time causes this decline. In accordance with this theory, aging phenotypes have been described for stem cells of multiple tissues, including those of the hematopoietic system, intestine, muscle, brain, skin and germline. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of why adult stem cells age and how this aging impacts diseases and lifespan. With this increased understanding, it is feasible to design and test interventions that delay stem cell aging and improve both health and lifespan.
Compulsive Hoarding as a Function of Money Attitudes

Compulsive hoarding is a disorder that results from excessive accumulation of objects and inability to downsize To predict compulsive hoarding behavior a survey consisting of impulsive buying compulsive buying external consumer locus of control and money scripts was administered to college students in Southern Nevada The results suggested that the compulsive hoarder agglomerates both objects and assets exhibits an external consumer locus of control E CLOC and purchases goods on impulse Money worship was predictive of AfricanAmerican and Asian hoarders whereas impulsive buying was predictive of Hispanic hoarders Money scripts were highly influential of hoarding behavior especially because each money script positively correlates with hoarding Although compulsive buying and hoarding were slightly positively correlated it was not predictive of hoarding behavior thereby indicating an idiosyncrasy between the two purchasing disorders
Strategic Considerations: Confrontation across the Taiwan Strait: China, Taiwan and the United States

This article examines the dangerous situation in the Taiwan Strait that could lead to war between the United States and China. The clearest threats to the future, as China's leaders envision it, are the policies of the United States and Taiwan that could weaken, destabilise and embarrass Beijing. Having abandoned the idea that America is in decline, Beijing is increasingly worried about how the US will use its immense power to constrict China's options and prevent reunification. Chinese leaders do not see their own behaviour as provocative, they misunderstand the dynamics of Taiwan politics and refuse to renounce the use of force. At the same time, Washington's decisions, such as the development of Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) and National Missile Defence (NMD) and Taiwan's volatile domestic politics contribute to uncertainty and heighten the chances of miscalculation. Progress on devising a viable compromise between Taipei and Beijing remains improbable, however, suggesting that in the foreseeable futur...
Lycophron's Alexandra , The Romans and Antiochus III

Much of the debate over the authorship and composition date of the Alexandra has focused on the so-called ‘Roman Passages’ (lines 1226–82 and 1446–50). Though attributed to Lycophron, a scholar-poet in the court of Ptolemy II, many scholars, ancient and modern, have questioned whether the extravagant terms used to describe Roman power are appropriate for the early third century BC. Scholars have mostly either settled for the traditional date and assign the ‘Roman Passages’ to the aftermath of the Pyrrhic War or they have dated the passages to the time of the Second Macedonian War. This article offers a new context for the material on Rome, namely the Antiochene War. The new dating is based on the appearance of similar themes in the Alexandra and accounts, both historical and propagandistic, of the Antiochene War. These themes, which include Rome's Trojan origins, the conflict of Europe and Asia, and Rome's conquest of the world, are absent from accounts of the Pyrrhic and Second Macedonian Wars. After establishing a date in the aftermath of the Antiochene War, this article identifies the shadowy figures mentioned in the second ‘Roman Passage’.
Discovery of Phosphorylated Peripherin as a Major Humoral Autoantigen in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A major goal in understanding autoimmune diseases is to define the antigens that elicit a self-destructive immune response, but this is a difficult endeavor. In an effort to discover autoantigens associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), we used epitope surrogate technology that screens combinatorial libraries of synthetic molecules for compounds that could recognize disease-linked autoantibodies and enrich them from serum. Autoantibodies from one patient revealed a highly phosphorylated form of peripherin, a neuroendocrine filament protein, as a candidate T1D antigen. Peripherin antibodies were detected in 72% of donor patient sera. Further analysis revealed that the T1D-associated antibodies only recognized a dimeric conformation of peripherin. These data explain why peripherin was dismissed as an important T1D antigen previously. The discovery of this novel autoantigen would not have been possible using standard methods, such as hybridizing serum antibodies to recombinant protein arrays, highlighting the power of epitope surrogate technology for probing the mechanism of autoimmune diseases.
Evaluation of Central and Peripheral Visual Field Concordance in Glaucoma.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize the extent to which central visual field (VF) loss reflects peripheral VF loss in patients with varying degrees of glaucoma severity. METHODS A total of 232 patients with glaucoma or suspect glaucoma completed static central VF testing using the 24-2 pattern and peripheral VF testing using the suprathreshold 30-60 pattern. Points from 24-2 tests were reclassified as normal/abnormal based on pattern deviation values. RESULTS Strong positive correlations (r ≥ 0.7) were observed between the proportion of abnormal central and peripheral points for the full VF, superior hemifield, and inferior hemifield, although the percentage of total central and peripheral abnormal points differed by ≥10% in 45% of eyes. In eyes with an average of 10%-40% abnormal points in the central and peripheral VFs, 12.0% more abnormal peripheral points were noted compared with the percentage of abnormal central points (P < 0.001; SD, 16.7%; range, 61% more to 37% less). In eyes with an average of 60%-90% abnormal points in the central and peripheral VFs, 16.4% fewer abnormal peripheral points were noted compared with the percentage of abnormal central points (P = 0.04; SD, 20.9%; range, 19% more to 49% less). CONCLUSIONS Central 24-2 testing generally reflects the extent of damage to the more peripheral VF in glaucoma, although significant disagreement exists for individual eyes. Further work is needed to determine whether integration of peripheral test points can improve detection of true VF loss in early glaucoma or be useful in monitoring progressive glaucomatous damage to areas of preserved VF in advanced glaucoma.
Dose effects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, Nal-Glu, combined with testosterone enanthate on gonadotropin levels in normal men

Objective To test the hypothesis that over a 4-week treatment period, Nal-Glu GnRH antagonist ([AcD2Nal 1 , D4ClPhe 2 , D3Pal 3 , Arg 5 , DGlu 6 [AA], DAla 10 ] GnRH) at a dose of 200 μ g/kg per day SC would suppress levels of immunologically active and biologically active LH and FSH more completely than a dose of 100 μ g/kg per day. Design Placebo controlled clinical study. Setting A university community. Subjects Thirty normal male volunteers. Interventions We administered Nal-Glu at doses of 0, 100, and 200 μ g/kg body weight per day in combination with T enanthate, 50 mg IM weekly, to separate groups of men (9 or 10 men per group) for 4 weeks. Results Serum levels of immunologically active and biologically active gonadotropins were suppressed similarly in both groups of men who received Nal-Glu; this suppression was significantly greater than in the men who received placebo + T. Local side effects were more severe in the Nal-Glu 200 μ g/kg per day group. Conclusions Administration of Nal-Glu in combination with T suppresses gonadotropins more completely than does T alone, but at doses > 100 μ g/kg, gonadotropins are not suppressed additionally with larger doses of Nal-Glu. Subjects experienced greater local discomfort and side effects with the higher dosage. These findings suggest that dosages of Nal-Glu of >100 μ g/kg per day may have no advantage over the 100- μ g/kg dose in a male contraceptive regimen.
Transient painful osteolysis - a metabolic study

A 45-year-old woman developed severe pain in both knees, attributable to subchondral osteolysis of the femoral condyles. A metabolic investigaexcretion disclosed a marked increase in urinary excretion of calcium, hydroxyproline and fluoride. There was an accompanying elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and peripheral eosinophilia. At the height of fluoride tion, fluoride renal clearance was reduced over values determined later when the fluoride excretion was diminished. We speculate that there may have been circulating microcrystals of hydroxyapatite to explain these differences of renal clearance.
CHAPTER 4 – Antibody-Targeted Gene Therapy

This chapter discusses antibody-targeted gene therapy. Gene therapy seeks to reverse the somatic gene mutations that may predate and lead to malignant change within cells. Though efficient gene transfer is an essential first step in any gene therapy strategy, it remains one of the biggest barriers to success. There are several issues that make this a daunting task. The first relates to the difficulty in delivering sufficient copies of a gene to all tumor sites. Unlike diseases such as hemophilia, where it is necessary to replace only one gene in a portion of cells in one organ, the biology of neoplastic disease dictates that all disease sites and potentially multiple genes must be addressed. The second barrier is the difficulty in ensuring that the gene is actually introduced into the target cell. Currently available gene delivery systems are capable of introducing genes into cells in vivo but are nonselective in their targeting.
Psychiatric versus physical disabilities: A comparison of barriers and facilitators to employment.

Objective Guided by the social model of disability (Nagi, 1965), this study aims to better identify barriers to and facilitators of employment for individuals with psychiatric disabilities and how these factors may differ for individuals with physical disabilities. Method Our analysis uses data from the Survey of Disability and Employment on 2,148 individuals with psychiatric disabilities, physical disabilities, or both who in 2014 applied for services from 1 of 3 state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies. We identify type of disability based on respondents' open-ended descriptions of their impairments. We use univariate statistics and multivariate regression estimates to compare employment history, and potential barriers to and facilitators of employment between individuals with psychiatric and physical disabilities. Results VR applicants with psychiatric disabilities have had longer periods of nonemployment than individuals with physical disabilities alone. They are significantly more likely than individuals with physical disabilities alone to report nonhealth reasons, such as getting fired and lacking skills, as barriers to employment. We found that a number of accommodations, including flexible schedules and modified work duties, are significantly associated with continued employment. Conclusions and implications for practice VR counselors should be aware that although most applicants with psychiatric disabilities place a great deal of importance on being employed, they face additional barriers to employment. (PsycINFO Database Record
English Education Policy and Practice in Morocco

The debate about which language is best suited to take on the role of the first foreign language and language of education in Morocco is in full force these days. The policy of Arabization, which many blame for the current education crisis in Morocco, has failed to replace French as the linguistic medium of science and technology in tertiary education and as a result has produced high school students who are unable to function in any foreign language upon graduation. The 1999 National Charter of Education and the 2009 Emergency Program have been attempts to come to the rescue through the proposals of several reforms to the system of education as a whole, including the introduction of another foreign language – for the teaching of science and technology – on an already saturated linguistic scene. The question is which foreign language is it going to be: French, which represents continuity, or English, which provides access to international communication and economic development? All indications point to a language shift towards English. What remains to be seen are the steps the government will take to guarantee the success of this new venture, especially after the failures of recent policies meant to salvage the Moroccan educational system from total ruin.
Ensaio Fotográfico Museu Hôtel de La Salle – Reims França

O presente ensaio fotografico apresenta a visita ao Hotel La Salle, em Reims/Franca. O Hotel La Salle foi um dos locais de moradia de Joao Batista de La Salle. Atualmente, e um museu em homenagem ao padrinho da educacao e da formacao de professores.
Social unrest and the Highway Beautification Act of 1965

ABSTRACTThe recent series of very senseless shootings of both African American males and police officers are chilling visual demonstrations of the current degree of racial tension and social unrest...
Numerical schemes for the hybrid modeling of gas-particle turbulent flows

Hybrid Moments/PDF methods have shown to be well suitable for the description of polydispersed turbulent two-phase flows in non-equilibrium which are encountered in some industrial situations involving chemical reactions, combustion or sprays. They allow to obtain a fine enough physical description of the polydispersity, non-linear source terms and convection phenomena. However, their approximations are noised with the statistical error, which in several situations may be a source of a bias. An alternative hybrid Moments-Moments/PDF approach examined in this work consists in coupling the Moments and the PDF descriptions, within the description of the dispersed phase itself. This hybrid method could reduce the statistical error and remove the bias. However, such a coupling is not straightforward in practice and requires the development of accurate and stable numerical schemes. The approaches introduced in this work rely on the combined use of the upwinding and relaxation-type techniques. They allow to obtain stable unsteady approximations for a system of partial differential equations containing non-smooth external data which are provided by the PDF part of the model. A comparison of the results obtained using the present method with those of the "classical" hybrid approach is presented in terms of the numerical errors for a case of a co-current gas-particle wall jet.
An Empirical Study of the Telecommunications Service Industries Using Productivity Decomposition

Telecommunications service industry provides services that transmit voice, data, text, sound, video, and other signals. In the Internet age, the telecommunications service industry has experienced tremendous growth to form an indispensable infrastructure platform for today's global networked economy. In this study, we examine the output performance of telecommunications service industries in 13 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development countries from 2000 to 2011 using the Malmquist total factor productivity index (MTFPI) as the performance metric and data envelopment analysis as the measurement approach. We further decompose MTFPI into three factors: 1) technical change; 2) pure efficiency change; and 3) scale efficiency change, that represent innovation, catch-up, and demand fluctuation, respectively. The results show that these telecommunications service industries exhibit comparatively strong productivity growth. In addition, through our decomposition analysis, it is found that telecommunications service industry is an innovator skilled at adopting technological advances that turn out to be the key driving force for the observed productivity growth. By contrast, both pure efficiency change and scale efficiency change lead to negative impacts. Based on these findings, we draw and discuss implications for telecommunications service at the country and industry levels, and provide suggestions for practice and future research.
YouTube as Educator: A Content Analysis of Issues, Themes, and the Educational Value of Transgender-Created Online Videos:

The current study explores the videos of eight popular transgender YouTubers. A content analysis was conducted to examine the themes present in videos, the specific issues discussed, and the educational value for viewers. In particular, the present research was interested in the amount of videos that contain transgender-specific content, and in the types of issues—both general and in terms of gender transition—about which transgender YouTubers converse. Videos were also analyzed in relation to self-identified type of transgender individual (e.g. male-to-female [MTF] or female-to-male [FTM]), and significant differences were found in both the amount of transgender-specific content as well as the educational value of videos. This article positions transgender YouTube content as an educational tool that can both help serve as guidance for transgender viewers, as well as increase mainstream audiences’ understanding of transgender persons, subjects, and struggles.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Manure Additive for Mitigating Gas and Odor Releases from Layer Hen Manure

ABSTRACTManure additives are widely used to mitigate gas and odor emissions from manure or improve manure properties. However, the reported effectiveness of some manure additive products has been mixed and most of the studies on poultry manure have been on chemical additives. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate an enzyme-based commercial manure additive for its potential reductions of ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and odor releases from layer hen manure. Eight 122-cm tall and 38-cm diameter reactors, four treated with the additive and four control, were studied for 38 days with manure from commercial layer hen houses. The reactors were initially filled with 66-cm height manure followed by weekly additions of 5 cm each. Ventilation air was supplied to the reactor headspace to simulate winter ventilation rates in layer hen houses. Concentrations of NH3, CO2, and H2S in the reactor exhaust air were measured with gas analyzers for 10 minutes, six times daily. Odor intensity was assessed by a trained odor panel. Open-headspace tests were also conducted to corroborate the observations in the reactor study. Study results showed that the average 4-reactor group mean release rates ± standard deviations of NH3 were 17.5 ± 14.3 and 20.1 ± 12.6 µg s–1 from the control and treated groups, respectively. Those of CO2 were 1091 ± 149 µg s–1 from the control and 1143 ± 217 µg s–1 from the treated groups. Release of H2S from the reactors could not be detected. The odor intensities were 3.5 ± 0.3 and 3.4 ± 0.3 before and after the additive spray, respectively. Application of the additive onto the manure did not demonstrate an effect on the releases of NH3 (P = 0.41), CO2 (P > 0.23), and odor (P > 0.71).
Potential mechanisms and physiologic actions of intracellular angiotensin II.

Abstract As with other G protein-coupled receptors, type I angiotensin II receptors (AT1 R) are plasma membrane-associated receptors that bind an extracellular agonist and initiate signal transduction pathways that mediate the physiologic actions elicited by the peptide. After agonist binding, AT1 R undergo endocytosis and, after intracellular ligand dissociation, the receptors recycle to the plasma membrane. There are data from a variety of cell types suggesting that internalization of AT1R may be involved in activating a subset of angiotensin II-mediated signaling pathways. The evidence for active cytoplasmic and nuclear angiotensin II receptors is also reviewed. These studies suggest that internalization of peptide and receptor may be a necessary step for the transmission of the full range of cellular responses produced by angiotensin II.
Factors that Influence Reading: A Developmental Perspective.

Research supports the view that reading skills change developmentally. During the primary grades when the child is learning to read, the acquisition of decoding skills is of fundamental importance....
Congenital bladder diverticulum with benign bladder wall lesion resembling rhabdomyosarcoma

Congenital bladder diverticula in children are uncommon and rarely present with bladder outlet obstruction. We present a case highlighting an interesting association between a congenital bladder diverticulum and a benign inflammatory bladder wall lesion mimicking a rhabdomyosarcoma. Open surgery was required as different imaging modalities and cystoscopy were insufficient to exclude a malignant process.
Jugular Tubercle Meningioma with Hemorrhagic Conversion Mimicking a Ruptured Thrombosed Giant Vertebrobasilar Aneurysm

Background Hemorrhagic meningiomas, although relatively uncommon, represent a distinct clinical entity. In some cases, these meningiomas can closely mimic a thrombosed aneurysm. We present a case of a jugular tubercle meningioma whose radiographic and clinical picture initially suggested a ruptured, thrombosed vertebrobasilar aneurysm. This case serves to highlight several key differences between these 2 pathologies that can assist in diagnosis. Case Description A 54-year-old woman presented to an outside hospital with a severe, sudden onset headache along with new-onset horizontal diplopia. On examination, she was noted to have a left sixth nerve palsy. A computerized tomography scan was performed and demonstrated a mass in the region of the left jugular foramen. A subsequent lumbar puncture was suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Frozen section was suggestive of meningioma and our patient underwent a successful gross total resection with no permanent neurological sequelae. Conclusions Hemorrhagic meningiomas can have a clinical and radiologic picture that closely resembles a ruptured, thrombosed cerebral aneurysm. Based on our single case, we suggest several important diagnostic differentiators between these 2 entities. We found the hemorrhagic meningioma to exhibit eggshell-like rim calcification, thick, irregular peripheral enhancement, and a central cystic component. This can be contrasted to the classic appearance of a thrombosed aneurysm with mixed T1-, T2-weighted signal intensity, and occasional regular, thin peripheral enhancement.
Emerging Role and Future Directions of Immunotherapy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer.

Clinical progress in cancer immunotherapy has been slow; however, within the last 5 years, breakthrough successes have brought immunotherapy to the forefront in cancer therapy. Promising results have been observed in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Most treatment modalities have shown limited efficacy as monotherapy. The complex nature of cancer and the immunosuppressive microenvironment emphasizes the need to personalize immunotherapy by manipulating the patient's own immune system. For successful and long-lasting cure of cancer, a multimodal approach is essential, combining antitumor cell therapy with manipulation of multiple pathways in the tumor microenvironment to ameliorate tumor-induced immunosuppression.
Data Bases and Statistical Systems: Crime and Delinquency

Abstract Criminal and delinquent behavior is inherently difficult to measure because it is surreptitious behavior and most crimes are never reported to the police. This article reviews the primary methods used by criminologists in the United States to measure criminal and delinquent behavior, and describes the advantages and limitations of each method. It provides historical context to the development of crime statistics and identifies some of the major sources of data on crime and delinquency available today.
Market-sensing capability, knowledge creation and innovation: The moderating role of entrepreneurial-orientation

Abstract This article examines the nexus between market-sensing capability, knowledge creation, strategic entrepreneurial-orientation and innovation in small and medium sized enterprises (SME). Data was garnered from ( n = 255) SMEs operating in Jordan and a covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) was applied to analyze the data. SEM result illustrates a positive effect of market-sensing capability on (1) knowledge creation, and (2) firm innovation. Knowledge creation process has positive effect on (3) firm innovation. Knowledge creation process (4) mediated the link between market-sensing capability and firm innovation. Strategic entrepreneurial-orientation moderates the link between (5) knowledge creation and firm innovation, such that the positive relationship became weaker when strategic entrepreneurial-orientation is high. Theoretically and empirically this study has contributed to the existing inconsistent findings, and also offer useful managerial insights.
Fast and fully-automated detection and segmentation of pulmonary nodules in thoracic CT scans using deep convolutional neural networks.

Abstract Deep learning techniques have been extensively used in computerized pulmonary nodule analysis in recent years. Many reported studies still utilized hybrid methods for diagnosis, in which convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used only as one part of the pipeline, and the whole system still needs either traditional image processing modules or human intervention to obtain final results. In this paper, we introduced a fast and fully-automated end-to-end system that can efficiently segment precise lung nodule contours from raw thoracic CT scans. Our proposed system has four major modules: candidate nodule detection with Faster regional-CNN (R-CNN), candidate merging, false positive (FP) reduction with CNN, and nodule segmentation with customized fully convolutional neural network (FCN). The entire system has no human interaction or database specific design. The average runtime is about 16 s per scan on a standard workstation. The nodule detection accuracy is 91.4% and 94.6% with an average of 1 and 4 false positives (FPs) per scan. The average dice coefficient of nodule segmentation compared to the groundtruth is 0.793.
Olfaction and social illness in the Prostituta tetralogy by Eduardo López Bago

This article explores the Madrid of Eduardo Lopez Bago’s Prostituta tetralogy through his construction of social illness by means of olfaction. Contrary to the expected Naturalist ascription of neg...
256B on the C64 for 8K

A tiny program for the big screen; a classic computer driving the latest, cinematic display. My contribution to the Art Exhibition for Creativity & Cognition / Design Interactive Systems 2019 is a 256-byte executable for the Commodore 64, written in 6502 assembly, for the auditorium's 8K display. This non-interactive program will produce graphical effects using only the character-based facilities of the Commodore 64's VIC-II and producing sound via the system's SID. I describe its relationship to my practice and concrete poetry, retrocomputing, sizecoding, the demoscene, and platform studies. The program's output is suitable for presentation as a "short" with other short experimental motion pictures/executable artworks or prior to one or more longer works. Bridging the border of time and different eras of computing, the program will be run on an original hardware NTSC Commodore 64 (not in emulation) with the video output upscaled.
Impact of Traditional or Evidence-Based Active-Engagement Instruction on Introductory Female and Male Students' Attitudes and Approaches to Physics Problem Solving.

Female students value engaging in the use of drawings and scratchwork while problem solving more than male students.
Axially Loaded Bars

Axially loaded bars are used in many applications, especially as members of truss structures. A prismatic bar is one whose cross section is uniform throughout its length. Suppose that such a bar with cross-sectional area A is subjected to axial loads P at the ends. On planes perpendicular to the bar’s axis, the material is subjected to a uniform normal stress σ = P/A. By passing an oblique plane through the bar and applying the equilibrium equations to the part of the bar to one side of the plane, expressions for the normal and shear stresses on oblique planes are obtained. Those results show that the maximum tensile or compressive normal stress on any plane through an axially-loaded prismatic bar is σ = P/A, and the magnitude of the maximum shear stress is ∣ σ/2 ∣ . The axial strain in a bar of isotropic elastic material is e = σ/E, where E is the modulus of elasticity. The lateral strain, or strain perpendicular to the bar’s axis, is elat = − νσ/E, where ν is Poisson’s ratio. The change in length of an axially-loaded prismatic bar of length L is δ = PL/AE. By analyzing truss and frame structures, the axial loads in bars, and thereby their changes in length, can be obtained. Using this information, changes in the geometries of the structures can be determined. Statically indeterminate problems involving axially-loaded bars are considered next. A compatibility condition is a relationship between the deformations of different parts of an object or structure. Solutions of statically indeterminate problems are based on three elements: (1) equilibrium; (2) relations between the axial forces in bars and their changes in length, or deformations; and (3) compatibility. In addition to prismatic bars, analyses are presented for the stress distributions and changes in length of bars with gradually varying cross sections and bars subjected to axial loads distributed along their lengths. The chapter concludes with a discussion of bars subjected to changes in temperature. The thermal strain of an unconstrained material of temperature T that is subjected to a change in temperature ΔT is eT = α ΔT, where α is a material constant called the coefficient of thermal expansion. Examples of bars subjected to both axial loads and changes in temperature are discussed.
Taxes and trust: from coercion to compliance in Poland, Russia and Ukraine: by Marc Berenson, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 363 pp., $39.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781108430098

“Of all the activities that a state takes up, collecting taxes is, perhaps, the most critical,” writes Marc Berenson, at the opening of his excellent new book on post-communist political economy. “...
Potential alternative treatment approach for pediatric patient with diffusely infiltrative primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver.

Primary hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma is rare, making decisions regarding locoregional management with resection and/or conventional radiation difficult. We present a novel treatment approach for a pediatric patient diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma diffusely involving the liver. This patient underwent treatment with yttrium-90 (Y-90) microspheres followed by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to residual disease, interdigitated with systemic chemotherapy. Initial post-radiation imaging showed significant response to treatment, and she experienced minimal acute toxicities and no long-term toxicities. She developed recurrent PET-avid disease 23 months after Y-90 treatment, necessitating further local and continued systemic therapies. We report on the tumor control following Y-90 and EBRT treatment.
The Generation of High-Frequency Radiation by the Back-Scattering of Microwaves from the Front of an Intense, Reiativistic Electron Beam

The reflection of electromagnetic radiation from a relativistic mirror has several intriguing properties. The backscattered radiation is Doppler shifted to a higher frequency, and with efficient interaction its energy and power are also increased. As the mirror velocity approaches that of light, these effects become substantial. In a recent publication [1], preliminary experimental observations are reported which are in agreement with a simple theory of microwave reflection from the front of an intense, relativistic electron beam. Since the original work was performed, refinements have been made in the theory and experiment. These refinements will be discussed after briefly reviewing the earlier work.
Regulation of vasopressin release by co-released neurotransmitters: mechanisms of purinergic and adrenergic synergism.

Abstract Arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophseal system (HNS) are innervated by numerous afferent pathways carrying information about two physiologically important parameters: blood volume/pressure and osmolality. These pathways use a variety of neurotransmitters/neuropeptides. In order to understand normal and pathological regulation of VP secretion, the mechanisms underlying integration of these complex afferent signals by the AVP neurons must be understood. The importance of neurotransmitter interactions in determining hormone release is highlighted by the finding that simultaneous exposure to adenosine triphosphate (ATP, a neurotransmitter acting on purinergic receptors) and phenylephrine (PE; to mimic norepinephrine activation of α1-adrenergic receptors) results in potentiation of AVP release that is characterized by an increase in the peak response and conversion of a transient response to a response that is sustained for hours. Evaluation of the mechanisms responsible for this response indicated that (1) activation of P2X purinergic receptors (P2X-R) is required, (2) protein kinase C (PKC) activation is required, (3) the sustained component requires new gene transcription, (4) the synergism does not involve presynaptic mechanisms nor does it occur directly in the neural lobe and (5) live-cell Ca ++ imaging techniques demonstrated a sustained increase in [Ca ++ ] i and that ATP activates P2Y-Rs as well as P2X-Rs in supraoptic neurons. Since the subtypes of P2X-Rs differ in their rate of desensitization, identification of the subtype of P2X-Rs participating in the initial and sustained responses to ATP+PE may elucidate mechanisms underlying the abrupt and transient responses to orthostatic hypotension versus sustained responses to chronic hypovolemia or vasodilation.
Microwave power for smart membrane actuators

The concept of microwave-driven smart membrane actuators is envisioned as the best option to alleviate the complexity associated with hard-wired control circuitry. A large, ultra lightweight space structure, such as solar sails and Gossamer spacecrafts, requires a distributed power source to alleviate wire networks, unlike the localized on-board power infrastructures typically found in most small spacecrafts. A rectenna array based on a patch configuration for high voltage output was developed to drive membrane actuators. Networked patch rectenna array receives and converts microwave power into a DC power for an array of smart actuators. To use microwave power effectively, the concept of a power allocation and distribution (PAD) logic circuit is being adopted for networking a rectenna/actuator patch array. Use of thin-film patch rectennas adds a significant amount of rigidity to membrane flexibility. Therefore, dipole rectennas that offer flexibility and are lighter weight are being considered for thin-film membrane actuators. Preliminary design and fabrication of PAD circuitry that consists of a few nodal elements were made for laboratory testing. The networked actuators were tested to correlate the network coupling effect, power allocation and distribution, and response time.
Multiprocessor validation of the Pentium Pro microprocessor

The Pentium Pro microprocessor, the latest generation Intel Architecture processor, was designed to be used glue-lessly in multiprocessor (MP) systems. The processor and its associated chipset provide all the features that an MP system requires. Our challenge was to ensure that the Pentium Pro would be MP functional with the expected performance at first silicon. We accomplished this by developing a test methodology with self-checking test templates for validating the processor's MP features, and using micro-benchmarks and high-level system models to verify MP hardware scalability.
Sustaining the Benefits of a Quality Initiative through Cooperative Values: A Longitudinal Study

Although research has shown that organizational cultural values influence the success of quality initiatives, how and when cultural values are influential is unclear. This longitudinal study asserts that quality management should be viewed from a dynamic perspective to better understand the role of cooperative cultural values in a quality initiative. We use a multilevel model of quality management, and develop time-oriented hypotheses using a sociotechnical systems perspective to examine the role of cooperative values. Our analysis uses longitudinal data from over 30 U.S. federal government agencies, collected during an enterprise-wide quality initiative. We find that, over time, the influence of organization-level quality practices diminishes, but the influence of cooperative values increases; workgroup-level quality practices remain consistently important. Our findings reveal the unexplored influences of cooperative values to sustain the benefits of quality management.
Acculturation, Health Protective Sexual Communication, and HIV/AIDS Risk Behavior Among Hispanic Women in a Large Midwestern City

The relationships among acculturation, health protective sexual communication, and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors of Hispanic women are examined. Respondents represented 14 Latin American countries, a mean age of 29.5 years, and relatively low education and income levels. A significant correlation was found between higher non-Hispanic acculturation level and higher sexual communication with new partners. Higher non-Hispanic acculturation levels were also correlated with higher number of sexual partners in the prior 12 months. The higher the score for health protective sexual communication, the higher the reported frequency of condom use with new sexual partners in the past 12 months. Given the low number of sexual partners, HIV/AIDS risk for this group of women appears to be related to not knowing whether their partners had other sexual partners and to low frequency of condom use. Implications for health education are discussed.
The paradox of progress: the emergence of wage discrimination in US manufacturing

This article tests for wage discrimination in US manufacturing during the nineteenth century and in 2002 by estimating the female-to-male productivity ratio and comparing it to the wage ratio. This method will not identify all forms of discrimination, but will determine whether women were paid wages commensurate with their productivity. There was no significant difference between the wage ratio and the productivity ratio in the nineteenth century, but in 1900 there is evidence of gender discrimination among white-collar workers. In 2002 the female-to-male productivity ratio was higher than in the nineteenth century, and the wage ratio was also higher, but the wage ratio was significantly lower than the productivity ratio, at least for workers older than thirty-five. The movement from the spot labor markets of the nineteenth century to the internal labor markets has allowed for the emergence of gender wage discrimination. (Less)
Hypoxia Induced Alteration of the Skin Homograft Reaction.

SummaryPrior acclimation of either or both the donor and host to reduced barometric pressure prolongs the retention of skin homotransplants in mice. Spleen and thymus studies suggest that the increased tolerance of acclimated mice to skin homo-transplants may be due to an alteration of the animal's immunological state.
Activation of human mast cells by aggregated IgG through FcγRI: additive effects of C3a

Human mast cells (huMC) increase surface expression of FcgammaRI (CD64) in response to IFNgamma. Subsequent receptor aggregation of FcgammaR1 using CD64-specific F(ab')(2) or antibody directed against FcgammaR1-bound IgG results in cell activation. Human mast cells may be observed degranulating in inflammation associated with autoimmune disease and where IFNgamma is produced. We sought to determine if human mast cells cultured in IFNgamma would degranulate in response to aggregated IgG, what mediators might be generated (i.e., cytokines and eicosanoids), and whether C3a might enhance such activation. Activation of IFNgamma-treated huMC sensitized with 1 microg/ml aggregated IgG(1) resulted in 15-30% degranulation (beta-hexosaminidase release), which was half-maximal by 7.5 min; no degranulation was observed using heat-generated aggregates of IgG(2), IgG(3), or IgG(4). Activation using aggregated IgG(1) led to PGD(2) and LTC(4) generation as well as enhanced IL-3, IL-13, GM-CSF, and TNFalpha production. Preincubation of cells with F(ab')(2) from CD64-specific clone 10.1 reduced aggregated IgG(1)-mediated beta-hexosaminidase release by 38% while degranulation was unaffected by blocking FcgammaRII with F(ab')(2)-specific antibody (clone 7.3). Simultaneous activation of huMC via aggregated IgG and C3a led to additive degranulation. These data support a mechanism by which mast cells may contribute to the inflammatory component in fibrosis, vasculitis, and arthritis.
Breast Reconstruction after Surgery for Breast Cancer

A 45-year-old woman with breast cancer elects to undergo mastectomy and is referred to a plastic surgeon for evaluation for postmastectomy breast reconstruction. For some patients, breast reconstruction restores body image and sexuality and improves the quality of life. Reconstructive surgery does not interfere with detection of breast-cancer recurrence. Special considerations apply to patients who require radiation therapy.
Synthesis of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)selenide and solid-state structural characterization of bis-tridentate zinc triad perchlorate chelates

Abstract Bis-tridentate chelates of Cd(ClO4)2 and Hg(ClO4)2 with N4Se2 metal coordination environments were isolated by slow evaporation from methanol/n-butanol solutions containing two equivalents of bis(2-methylpyridyl)selenide (L). The ligand L was obtained through a previously unexplored pathway to symmetric selenoethers involving selenoacetamide. Although no structurally characterized complexes of the harder group 12 metal ions Zn(II) or Cd(II) with selenoether ligands have had M–SeR2 bonds and numerous attempts to crystallize a bis-tridentate chelate of Zn(II) were unsuccessful, the distorted trans facial octahedral complex [CdL2](ClO4)2 was characterized. In addition, X-ray crystallographic characterization of [HgL2](ClO4)2 revealed a mononuclear structure with distorted trigonal prismatic coordination geometry, the highest coordination number Hg(II) complex with selenoether ligands yet reported.
Renal gluconeogenesis influence of diet and hydrogen ions

Abstract The influence of diet and H + content on in vitro renla gluconeogenesis in the rat was investigated in the present studies. Renal gluconeogenesis from glutamine, α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate but not glycerol was greater in rats fed high- than low-protein diets. Provision of supplemental acid to the diets of low-protein-fed rats resulted in a significant increment in renal gluconeogenic capacity not different from values observed in high-protein-fed rats. However, renal glucose production from these substrates decreased but not significantly when HCO 3 − was added to high-protein diets, suggesting both a nitrogen (or carbohydrate) and H + effect. The activity of renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase paralleled these changes in renal gluconeogenesis. In contrast, the activities of renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase and glutamic dehydrogenase as well as in vitro renal NH 3 production responded only to a H + effect. The activity of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase responded to increased nitrogen or decreased carbohydrate in the diet but not to H + .
Nuclear DNA-like RNA in developing frog embryos

Abstract The number of kinds of DNA-like RNA transcribed in nuclei of developing Rana pipiens embryos decreases from the early neurula to the larval stage. Approx. 16% of the DNA hybridized with RNA extracted from nuclei of early neurulae while only 2% of the DNA hybridized with RNA from larval nuclei. Competition experiments reveal that neurula nuclei contain copies of all the kinds of DNA-like RNA found in swimming larvae. Exhaustion experiments indicate that neurula nuclei contain a greater number of representatives of the class of D-RNA which is present in only a few copies relative to its homologous DNA sequences, as well as the D-RNA species which are present in numerous copies relative to their homologous DNA sequences, than do nuclei of later stages.