cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and therapeutic value of implantable loop recorder: A tertiary care center experience.

Background Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) are effective in achieving symptom-rhythm correlation. However, diagnostic yield in routine clinical practice is not well established. Methods Patients undergoing ILR implantation between April 2010 and May 2015 were included. All devices were enrolled in remote monitoring with automatic arrhythmia detection and P sense algorithms switched "ON." Symptom-rhythm correlation was assessed and changes in management were recorded. Results A total of 312 patients (57% male, age 53 ± 22 years; median CHADS2VaSc score = 1) were included in this study. ILRs were implanted for evaluation of syncope in 206 (66.0%), presyncope in 23 (7.4%), unexplained palpitations in 51 (16.3%), and cryptogenic stroke in 27 (8.7%) patients. ILR monitoring yielded a diagnosis that changed management strategy in 146 (46.8%) patients over a median of 12 (1-42) months. Out of 163 (52.2%) patients with symptoms during the monitoring period, 100 (61.3%) had an arrhythmia. ILR was useful in ruling out an arrhythmic cause for symptoms in 63 (38.7%) patients. ILR results led to pacemaker implantation in 23 patients (7.4% overall and 11.2% of those with syncope) after median follow-up of 3 months. A new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation was made in 38 (12.2%) patients, 11 of whom were initiated on oral anticoagulants. ILR results led to pacemaker implantation in 31 patients (9.9% overall and 19.0% of those with syncope) after median follow-up of 3 months. A new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation was made in 38 (12.2%) patients, nine of whom were initiated on oral anticoagulants. Overall, ILR led to a change in management in 47% patients with a number needed to implant of 2.1 to change management. Conclusion ILR monitoring is effective in achieving symptom-rhythm correlation and results in changes in management in nearly half of implanted patients. Additional studies are needed to evaluate cost efficacy of ILR and the optimal monitoring duration.
Case 260: Endobronchial Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disease

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease is a relatively common diagnosis in the patients who are immunocompromised after transplantation, with the most common thoracic presentation being pu...
Development and translation of novel therapeutics targeting tumor-associated macrophages.

Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) regulate an array of tumor functions and have critical roles in both the progression and the eradication of cancer. Numerous therapies targeting TAMs are under development in cancer and many have demonstrated success at the preclinical and clinical levels. Most of these therapies fall within 3 main categories: systemic depletion of TAMs, inhibition of TAM recruitment and polarization, and promoting the antitumor functions of TAMs. In this article, the rationale behind these various therapies and approaches is reviewed along with supporting preclinical and clinical data.
Progress in BRCA-Mutated Ovarian Cancer.

The article by Moore et al.1 in this issue of the Journal is the culmination of a long march for olaparib in the treatment of BRCA-mutated high-grade serous ovarian cancer — one that began with its...
Medical Management of Dental Caries

Dentistry is expanding beyond primary prevention and tertiary surgical treatment to include a host of minimally invasive tools and techniques to manage dental caries. These include the use of Hall crowns, interim therapeutic restorations with fluoride-rich materials, medicaments such as SDF, and combinations thereof. The use of these approaches may be of significant benefit to individuals with special health-care needs for whom traditional invasive dental treatment may necessitate care under potentially risky sedation or general anesthesia. These minimally invasive methods may delay traditional methods until a more ideal time or entirely prevent their need. Using a medical management of dental caries approach can increase the treatment options available to the dental practitioner to provide optimal care for his or her patients.
3-D defect profile reconstruction from magnetic flux leakage signatures using wavelet basis function neural networks

The most popular technique for inspecting natural gas pipelines involves the use of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) methods. The measured MFL signal is interpreted to ob­ tain information concerning the structural integrity of the pipe. Defect characterization involves the task of calculating the shape and size of defects based on the information contained in the signal. An accurate estimate of the defect profile allows assessment of the safe operating pressure of the pipe. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been employed for characterizing defects in the past. However, conventional neural networks such as radial basis function neural networks are not always suitable for the following reasons: (1) It is difficult to quantify and measure the confidence level associated with the profile estimates (2) They do not provide adequate control over output accuracy and network complexity trade-off. (3) Optimal center selection schemes typically use an optimization technique such as least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm a tedious and computationally intensive procedure. These disadvantages can be overcome by employ­ ing a wavelet basis function (WBF) neural network. Such networks allow multiple scales of approximation. For the specific application on hand, Gaussian radial basis functions and Mexican hat wavelet frames are used as scaling functions and wavelets respectively. The proposed basis function centers are calculated using a dyadic expansion scheme and the A:-means clustering algorithm. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated by predicting defect profiles from simulation data as well as experimental magnetic flux leakage signals. The results demonstrate that wavelet basis fimction neural networks can successfully map MFL xiii signatures to three-dimensional defect profiles. The center selection scheme requires minimal effort compared to conventional methods. Also, the accuracy of the output can be controlled by varying the number of network resolutions. It is also shown that the use of a priori information such as estimates of the geometric parameters of the defect helps improve characterization results.
Bestimmung des 2D-aufgelösten Strahlimpulses aus Strahlkraftmessungen

Verbrauch und Emissionen von Dieselmotoren werden entscheidend vom innermotorischen Mischungsprozess des Kraftstoff-Luft Gemischs bestimmt. Im Dieselmotor werden typischerweise Mehrlochdusen, bei Einspritzdrucken (Raildrucken) aktuell in PKWs von bis zu 2500bar, eingesetzt. Der Impuls der Einspritzstrahlen hat dabei einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Gemischbildung. Der Strahlimpuls kann durch Messung des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Kraft ermittelt werden, die der Einspritzstrahl auf eine senkrecht zur Strahlrichtung ausgerichtete Platte ausubt. Dabei wird angenommen, dass der Strahl senkrecht umgelenkt wird. Das Messprinzip ist seit Jahrzehnten bekannt und wurde in der Vergangenheit vorwiegend von Einspritzsystem- Herstellern mit selbstentwickelten Messgeraten angewendet. In der Zwischenzeit gibt es eine kommerziell zu erwerbende Strahlkraft-Messapparatur, die in Verbindung mit theoretischen Betrachtungen von Postrioti, Ungaro et al. beschrieben wird.
Threat Responsiveness as a Function of Cannabis and Alcohol Use Disorder Severity.

Abstract Objective: Two of the most commonly abused substances by adolescents in the United States are alcohol and cannabis, both of which are associated with adverse medical and psychiatric outcom...
Screening of Point Charge Impurities in Highly Anisotropic Metals : Application to μ+ -Spin Relaxation in Underdoped Cuprate Superconductors

We calculate the screening charge density distribution due to a point charge, such as that of a positive muon (${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$), placed between the planes of a highly anisotropic layered metal. In underdoped hole cuprates the screening charge converts the charge density in the metallic-plane unit cells in the vicinity of the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ to nearly its value in the insulating state. The current-loop-ordered state observed by polarized neutron diffraction then vanishes in such cells, and also in nearby cells over a distance of order the intrinsic correlation length of the loop-ordered state. This strongly suppresses the magnetic field at the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ site. We estimate this suppressed field in underdoped ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6+x}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$, and find consistency with the observed $\ensuremath{\sim}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{G}$ field in the former case and the observed upper bound of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{G}$ in the latter case. This resolves the controversy between the neutron diffraction and mu-spin relaxation experiments.
Technology Roadmapping for Medical Imaging: Toward Improved Value

This study creates technology roadmaps for medical imaging. Four roadmaps were created for future products to include advanced imaging, high-tech imaging, super-tech imaging, and ultra-tech imaging. A literature review of academic and medical sources was conducted to collect data and review TRM (technology roadmapping) methodologies.
Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic ornate shiner, Cyprinella ornata, a species endemic to Mexico (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

The systematics and taxonomy of North Americancyprinid fishes has historically been said tobe in a chaotic state of affairs. Much of theconfusion as to relationships of species restsin the lack of explicit phylogenetic hypothesesof species and reliance upon degree ofdistinctiveness of taxa or their overallsimilarity for generic placement. Some specieshave had more turbulent or variable taxonomichistories than others. The ornate shiner, Cyprinella ornata, is one of those species,having been placed in the genera Notropis,Codoma, and Cyprinella within the last20 years and found in current texts in any ofthese three genera. Most of the confusionregarding placement of this species has beenrelated to lack of explicit phylogenetichypotheses to formulate its classification, butto a certain degree some researchers haveignored phylogenetic studies and preferred torely upon its morphological distinctiveness orreproductive behavioral traits of questionablehomology to place it in a monotypic genus andalign it with the genera Pimephales andOpsopoeodus.I present a phylogenetic analysis based oncomplete Cytochrome b sequences fromornate shiners, other species of Cyprinella, purported relatives, and severalother species of the Shiner Clade to determinethe phylogenetic affinities of this enigmaticspecies. Molecular analysis reveals the ornateshiner to be more closely related to species ofCyprinella than to a Pimephalesplus Opsopoeodus clade as previouslydiscussed in one morphological analysis, or asargued by Page and Johnston (1990), Johnstonand Page (1992) and Page and Ceas (1989) basedon observations of spawning behaviors andhypotheses of homology between crevice-spawningand egg-clumping behaviors. This molecularanalysis is more consistent with earliermorphological phylogenetic hypotheses of Mayden(1989) wherein these two clades are notconsidered to be closely related and the ornateshiner is a member of the genus Cyprinella.
Characteristics and Applications of Volume Phase Holographic Gratings Recorded in Photo — Thermo — Refractive Glasses

High diffraction efficiency, high-resolution, low scattering thick volume phase holographic gratings recorded in bulk PTR glasses are recorded and characterized. The angular selectivity characteristics approaches the theoretical limits. Up to 15 multiplexed transmission gratings have been recorded with angular selectivity with minimal cross-talk or degradation typically associated with sequential recording. Reflection gratings with 200 nm grating period have been recorded. The polarization dependence of the diffraction efficiency has been investigated and verified.
Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction with Valves and Coils. A Network Meta-analysis.

Background: Coils and endobronchial valves are the most widely used bronchoscopic lung volume reduction devices in patients with advanced emphysema. However, the choice of each specific device depe...
An Exploration of Chronic Disease Perception, Management, and Barriers to Care in Liberian Refugees Resettled in Charlottesville, Virginia

Charlottesville is a resettlement site for Liberian refugees. Many receive care at the International Family Medicine Clinic (IFMC). IFMC physicians note reduced adherence to chronic disease medications among refugee patients. This study aims to understand the Liberian refugee populations' model of chronic disease. In 2014, twelve one-on-one interviews were conducted. Topics included concept of disease, health care access, disease burden, acculturation, and socioeconomic factors. Transcripts were analyzed according to the explanatory model of disease and Krueger's framework analysis. This study can assist providers in tailoring their practices to meet the needs of refugee patients and inform future public health interventions.
Lethal provocation: the Constantine murders and the politics of French Algeria: by Joshua Cole, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 2019, ix + 317 pp., US$37.95, ISBN 9781501739415

It seems that, every few months, some Western politician, journalist or polemicist claims that people in the Middle East and North Africa have been at war for millennia, that war and conflict are s...
The Relationships Among Environmental Training, Environmental Attitude of Employee, Environmental Behavior of Employee and Environmental Orientation of Organization: A Review of Literature

This paper reviews the relationships among environmental training, environmental attitude of employee, environmental behavior of employee and environmental orientation of organization. In order to achieve the review objectives, a systematic review of literature was conducted by using an archival method. This review process has used more than 70 research papers which are relevant to reviewed concepts. Findings of the review suggest that there are positive relationships among the reviewed concepts. Further, the relationship between environmental training (independent variable-IV) and environmental orientation of organization (dependent variable-DV) is mediated by environmental attitude of employee (mediating variable-M1). Similarly, environmental behavior of employee (mediating variable-M2) mediates the relationship between environmental training and environmental orientation of organization. Moreover, the environmental attitude of employee (M1) and environmental behavior of employee (M2) sequentially mediate the relationship between the environmental training and environmental orientation of organization (IV► M1►M2 ► DV). Finally, this review proposes a three path mediation model which is useful to test and understand the relationships among the reviewed concepts empirically in the future.
Errors in Geotargeted Display Advertising: Good News for Local Journalism?

The rise of geotargeted online advertising has disrupted the business model of local journalism, but it remains ambiguous whether online advertising platforms can effectively reach local audiences. To address this ambiguity, we present a focused study auditing the positional accuracy of geotargeted display advertisements on Google. We measure the frequency and severity of geotargeting errors by targeting display ads to random ZIP codes across the United States, collecting self-reported location information from users who click on the advertisement. We find evidence that geotargeting errors are common, but minor in terms of advertising goals. While 41% of respondents lived outside the target ZIP code, only 11% lived outside the target county, and only 2% lived outside the target state. We also present details regarding a high volume of suspicious clicks in our data, which made the cost per sample extremely expensive. The paper concludes by discussing implications for advertisers, the business of local journalism, and future research.
East Asia-Pacific’s Participation in the Global Value Chain for Electronic Products

This paper traces the East Asia-Pacific (EAP) region’s participation in the global value chain (GVC) for electronic products over the past 20 years, with particular attention to trade in intermediate goods and recent foreign direct investment (FDI) into the region. During this time, China has been the principal driver of the GVCs for electronic products. However, recent increases in China’s production costs have created opportunities for other countries in the region — such as Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam — to increase their participation in the sector’s GVC. In discussing these trends, this paper uses the World Bank’s Measuring Competitiveness in Global Value Chains (MC-GVC) database and provides a case study on the development of the semiconductor industry’s presence in the EAP region to illustrate the region’s role in the GVC for electronic products.
Brain Activity Changes Elicited Through Multi-session Training Assessment in the Prefrontal Cortex by fNIRS

This study aims to utilize a non-invasive and portable neuroimaging modality – functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate training and transfer of skills in unmanned aerial system (UAS) sensor operators (SOs). To achieve this objective, we recruited 13 novice participants and exposed them to three similar training sessions followed by a testing session on a UAS simulator. The training sessions occurred at 11AM (high visibility), while the testing session occurred at 6AM or 8PM (low visibility). Regardless of the session, the participants were asked to scan pre-defined areas to best of their abilities and identify targets (red bus). Behavioral results from training sessions indicated that some participants improved their scan performance, while others did not. No significant changes in target find performance were observed within and between groups. Associated average oxyhemoglobin (HbO) changes significantly decreased in right prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions for high performers and in left PFC regions for low performers. During the transfer task, scan performance was maintained by both groups, while average HbO significantly increased in left dorsolateral PFC of high performers and left and right anterior medial PFC of low performers. In conclusion, we demonstrated intraindividual differences in expertise development during multi-session training.
Loud Sounds During Feeding in Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphins

The hypothesis that odontocetes use intense sounds to debilitate their prey, was put forth in detail by Norris and Mohl in 1983. While they were able to draw together a strong body of indirect evidence in support of this hypothesis, definitive observations of prey debilitation in action have been lacking from studies of wild or captive dolphins. In the course of fieldwork on the behavior and vocalizations of wild Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), we observed dolphins producing loud sounds while feeding. We present these observations and discuss them as evidence for acoustic prey debilitation. We also present other hypotheses as to their origin.
Luteal phase defect: the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods in common clinical use *

Objective To assess the sensitivity and specificity of common clinical tests used for the diagnosis of luteal phase defect (LPD). Design The sensitivity and specificity of these tests for predicting low integrated P levels over the luteal phase were calculated. Setting Outpatient reproductive endocrinology and infertility clinic at a university medical center. Patients Fifty-eight strictly defined normal women were used to determine normal integrated luteal phase P levels. The study population was a separate 34 women who either were normal (n=15) or were being evaluated for infertility or recurrent abortion (n=19). These 34 study subjects all had the following tests performed in the same menstrual cycle: daily reproductive hormone levels, daily assessment of preovulatory follicle size, late luteal endometrial biopsies, and BBT charts. Main Outcome Measures Basal body temperature, maximum preovulatory follicle size, dated endometrial biopsies, and serum P levels (single and multiple) were used in an attempt to predict which patients had low integrated P levels. Results Unacceptably low sensitivity and/or specificity levels were found for the following tests: appearance of BBT charts, luteal phase length, and preovulatory follicle diameter. Timed endometrial biopsy was found to have marginally acceptable sensitivity and specificity levels whether dated by next menstrual period or midcycle events. The best test for the prediction of low integrated P was a single serum P level from the midluteal phase that was conclusions Luteal phase defect is a relatively uncommon but important cause of infertility and/or habitual abortion. The recommended test for the determination of LPD is a midluteal phase single serum P level
Wireless random scheduling protocol with realistic channel

In this paper, we propose a novel scheduling protocol for wireless communications over time-varying channels with memory. We incorporate a realistic channel model to study the impact of the changes in the physical layer on the performance of a scheduling protocol at the data link layer, and consider imperfect estimation of the channel conditions, based upon which the scheduling decision is made. We present our analysis results as well as comparisons with other wireless scheduling protocols. In addition to the system throughput study, we develop a new notion on the definition of "fairness": fairness across all the user instead of any individual user. Simulations are provided to illustrate the results.
Determination of the size and geometry of the X-pinch X-ray source using microfabricated structures, and applications of this source to high-resolution imaging of a variety of objects

Summary form only given, as follows. The X-pinch is a very small radiation source in the 3-10 keV X-ray band. It has been used successfully to obtain micron scale resolution point-projection images of rapidly varying plasmas with subnanosecond temporal resolution, such as other X-pinches and exploding wire arrays, as well as to image /spl les/2 mm thick biological samples, such as small insects and beet seeds.
Video-on-demand services: efficient transportation and decompression of variable bit rate video

Digital video compression techniques, such as the Motion-JPEG and MPEG compression standards, greatly reduce the network and storage requirements for digital video. These techniques, however, result in variable-bit-rate video which make the efficient handling and decompression of the video difficult. In this dissertation, we examine how variable-bit-rate digital video affects the ability to efficiently transport and decompress these videos. We introduce two new bandwidth smoothing techniques that reduce the resource requirements for the transportation of compressed video across networks: the critical bandwidth allocation algorithm, which, given a fixed buffer size, creates a bandwidth plan for the continuous playback of video that (1) requires no prefetching of data, (2) has the minimum number of bandwidth increases, and (3) minimizes the peak bandwidth requirements, and the optimal bandwidth allocation algorithm, which minimizes the total number of bandwidth changes required for continuous video playback. The use of bandwidth smoothing techniques in video-on-demand services results in plans that are somewhat inflexible. To allow users to have VCR capabilities in bandwidth smoothing environments, we analyze the utility of buffered video for decreasing the required interactions with the server. This buffered video, the VCR-window, allows users to have VCR capabilities within a limited without changing the bandwidth allocation levels. For accesses that cannot be serviced through the smoothing buffer, we show how contingency channels can be used to quickly return users to their original bandwidth allocation plans. Software video decompression algorithms have poor cache utilizations because of the long time between accesses to temporal data. We examine two techniques for reducing cache misses for software video decompression, reducing the working-set size and using software prefetching. To reduce the working-set size, we introduce several techniques that re-order the decompression algorithm to exploit the temporal accesses to data. These techniques reduce the cache miss rates by over 50% and can result in better performance. In addition, we examine the impact that software-controlled prefetching has on MPEG video decompression. Our results show that sufficient memory bandwidth exists for prefetching to be beneficial and that miss rates can be reduced by as much as 80%.
Iron displacements and magnetoelastic coupling in the antiferromagnetic spin-ladder compound BaFe 2 Se 3

We report long-range-ordered antiferromagnetism concomitant with local iron displacements in the spin-ladder compound BaFe${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$. Short-range magnetic correlations, present at room temperature, develop into long-range antiferromagnetic order below ${T}_{N}$ $=$ 256 K, with no superconductivity down to 1.8 K. Built of ferromagnetic Fe${}_{4}$ plaquettes, the magnetic ground state correlates with local displacements of the Fe atoms. These iron displacements imply significant magnetoelastic coupling in Fe${X}_{4}$-based materials, ingredients hypothesized to be important in the emergence of superconductivity. This result also suggests that knowledge of these local displacements is essential for properly understanding the electronic structure of these systems. As with the copper oxide superconductors two decades ago, our results highlight the importance of reduced dimensionality spin-ladder compounds in the study of the coupling of spin, charge, and atom positions in superconducting materials.
Framework Originalism and the Living Constitution

This article is the third in a series rethinking the relationship between originalism and living constitutionalism, and arguing that the two approaches are compatible rather than opposed. This compatibility helps us understand how legitimate constitutional change occurs in the American constitutional system. The most plausible version of orignalism is framework originalism, which views the Constitution as an initial framework for governance that sets politics in motion, and that must be filled out over time through constitutional construction. In implementing the Constitution, later generations must remain faithful to the basic framework, which requires fidelity to original meaning but not the original expected application of the text. This permits a wide range of possible future constitutional constructions that implement the original meaning and that add new institutional structures and political practices not inconsistent with it. Framework originalism leaves space for future generations to build out and construct the Constitution-in-practice. Living constitutionalism occupies this space. It explains and justifies the process of constitutional development. Thus, strictly speaking, living constitutionalism is not a theory of constitutional interpretation at all but a theory of constitutional construction. Today people generally associate "living constitutionalism" with judicial decisions; but the political branches actually produce most living constitutionalism. Most of what courts do in constitutional development responds to these political constitutional constructions. Courts largely rationalize, legitimate, and supplement what the political branches do. People often speak of living constitutionalism as an interpretive approach or method that judges could and should consciously follow. In fact, living constitutionalism does not offer particularized advice to judges. It is a theory of the processes of constitutional decisionmaking, and their basis in democracy and in the ideals of popular sovereignty. It focuses on the entire system of constitutional development, of which courts are only one part.
Improving Inspector's Performance and Reducing Errors - General Aviation Inspection Training Systems (GAITS)

Inspection is an important step in ensuring product quality especially in aircraft industry where safety is the highest priority. Since safety is involved, effective strategies need to be set to improve quality and reliability of aircraft inspection/maintenance and for reducing errors. Humans play a critical role in visual inspection of airframe structures. Major advancements have been made in aircraft inspection, but General Aviation (GA) lags behind. Strategies that lead to improvement in inspection processes with GA environment will ensure reliability of the overall air transportation system. Training is one such strategy where advanced technology can be used for inspection training and reducing errors. A hierarchical task analytic (HTA) approach was used to systematically record and analyze the aircraft inspection/maintenance systems in geographically dispersed GA facilities. Using the task analytic approach a computer based training system (GAITS: General Aviation Inspection Training System) was deve...
Benzodichalcogenophenes with Perfluoroarene Termini

Benzodichalcogenophenes are functionalized at their termini via SNAr reactions of their bismetalates with perfluoroarenes. The identities of X, Y, and W are varied to study the effects on LUMO energy levels and crystallization motif. X-ray crystallography reveals that nearly all new derivatives crystallize with coplanar ring systems within slipped 1D or 2D π-stacks.
Do we need a crystal ball for task migration

For communication-intensive applications on distributed memory systems, performance is bounded by remote memory accesses. Task migration is a potential candidate for reducing network traffic in such applications, thereby improving performance. We seek to answer the question: can a run-time profitably predict when it is better to move the task to the data than move the data to the task? Using a simple model where local work is free and data transferred over the network is costly, we show that a best case task migration schedule can achieve up to 3.5× less total data transferred than no migration for some benchmarks. Given this observation, we develop and evaluate two online task migration policies: Stream Predictor, which uses only immediate remote access history, and Hindsight Migrate, which tracks instruction addresses where task migration is predicted to be beneficial. These predictor policies are able to provide benefit over execution with no migration for small or moderate size tasks on our tested applications.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes after abnormal first-trimester screening for aneuploidy

Women with abnormal results of first trimester screening but with a normal karyotype are at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. A nuchal translucency of greater than 3.5 mm is associated with an increased risk of subsequent pregnancy loss, fetal infection, fetal heart abnormalities, and other structural abnormalities. Abnormal levels of first trimester analytes are also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the predictive value is less impressive. As a single marker, pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A level less than 1st percentile has a good predictive value for subsequent fetal growth restriction. Women with PAPP-A level less than 5th percentile should undergo subsequent risk assessment with routine maternal serum afetoprotein screening with the possible addition of uterine artery pulsatility index assessment in the midtrimester.
Human Wart Virus: In vitro Cultivation

Inoculation of cell cultures of fetal skin of human and murine origin with virus extracted from human wart tissue resulted in the appearance of intracellular wart virus specific antigen, as demonstrated by fluorescent antibody techniques. Appearance of antigen was accompanied by cytopathogenicity and the accumulation of large numbers of characteristic virus particles.
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: Exploraciones en Oaxaca, Quinta y Sexta Temporadas 1936–1937, Alfonso Caso

Book reviewed in this article: Zapotecan Antiquities and the Paulson Collection in the Ethnographical Museum of Sweden. S. Linne
From contours to surfaces: testbed and initial results

This paper is concerned with the problem of reconstructing the surface of three-dimensional objects, given a collection of planar contours representing cross-sections through the objects. This is an important problem, with applications in clinical medicine, bio-medical research and instruction, and industrial inspection. Current solutions to this problem have raised interesting theoretical questions about search techniques and the exploitation of domain-specific aspects of such search problems. In this paper, we survey known reconstruction techniques, describe a testbed for evaluating these techniques and present an improvement on the simple divide-and-conquer method analyzed by Fuchs, Kedem and Uselton [5].
3T3-L1 Adipocytes promote the growth of mammary epithelium☆

Abstract Murine mammary epithelium grows in association with predominantly adipocyte stroma in vivo. To investigate potential growth-promoting effects of adipocytes on mammary epithelium, we developed a co-culture system of mammary epithelium and adipocytes by taking advantage of the 3T3-L1 cell line. These cells undergo adipocyte differentiation when the culture reaches confluence and growth ceases. Mid-pregnant murine mammary epithelium was plated on lethally irradiated feeder layers of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells, 3T3-C2 fibroblasts (a subclone of 3T3 cells that does not undergo adipocyte differentiation), or tissue culture plastic. Mammary epithelial colony size on adipocyte feeder layers was 2-fold larger than colonies on 3T3-C2 cells and 4-fold larger than colonies on tissue culture plastic. Measurement of tritiated thymidine [3H]TdR incorporation and labelling index in mammary cells was significantly higher on adipocytes than on other feeder layers or plastic. There was a 6-fold increase in mammary cell number after 5 days in culture when mammary epithelium was plated on substrate-attached material (‘extracellular matrix’) derived from 3T3-L1 cells and a 4-fold increase in cell number when plated on plastic in conditioned medium derived from 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared with growth on plastic in unconditioned medium. We conclude that interaction of mammary epithelium with adipocytes results in a marked increase in proliferation of mammary epithelium and that extracellular components may mediate this effect.
SENSORY AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSUMER‐ACCEPTABLE LOWER‐FAT PIZZA FOR FOODSERVICE PRODUCTION

The purpose of this study was to develop a reduced-fat pizza acceptable to consumers. Low-fat cheese samples, A (6% fat), B (7% fat), C (7% fat), D (14% fat), E (11% fat), and F (11% fat), and control (16% fat), were evaluated in a standard pizza formula for flavor, texture, and appearance. Treatments A (6% fat cheese) and B (7% fat cheese) were not different from the control for most attributes tested. At two pizza restaurant locations, customers evaluated pizza samples for flavor, texture, intent to order, intent to order if lower in fat, and intent to order if higher priced. Treatment A was not different from the control for flavor, intent to order, and intent to order if lower in fat, Flavor was highly correlated with texture (r = 0.73) and intent to order (r = 0.83).
Cervical esophago-esophageal anastomosis

Abstract We describe our results with cervical esophago-esophageal anastomosis. This approach has been used with success in 4 patients. It has the advantage of avoiding esophagectomy in patients with benign disease and allows restoration of esophageal continuity in patients having limited options for esophageal replacement.
A method of parameter differentiation applied to flow in porous annuli

A general noniterative method of solution of nonlinear boundary value problems involving a parameter is presented. Through a parametric differentiation of the original system, the boundary value problem is converted into an initial value problem with the parameter as the independent variable and differentiation with respect to the original variable is completely eliminated. A step by step integration with respect to the parameter of the newly obtained initial value system yields a large family of solutions which may be of practical interest when the parameter chosen is of physical significance.
Strategic planning in research and development is needed in female sexual dysfunction.

(2001). Strategic Planning in Research and Development Is Needed in Female Sexual Dysfunction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 209-210.
Action of ACTH, cAMP and cytochalasin B on steroid production by Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells in culture.

Continued incubation of Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or with dibutyryl-3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) resulted in an initial increase and a subsequent decrease in steroidogenesis. ACTH-or dbcAMP-stimulated steroidogenesis was inhibited by cytochalasin B (CB) to approximately the same extent during the entire period of incubation; CB inhibition of the ACTH response was reversible.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Solid Discharge Products in Li–Air Cells with Aprotic Carbonate Electrolytes

Raman, infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to characterize the thick coating of reaction products on carbon and MnO2-coated carbon cathodes produced during discharge of Li–air cells. The results show that neither Li2O2 nor Li2O are major components of the insoluble discharge products; instead, the products are composed primarily of fluorine, lithium, and carbon, with surprisingly little oxygen. The complex reaction chemistry also appears to involve the formation of ethers or alkoxide products at the expense of the carbonate solvent molecules (ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate). The irreversible discharge reaction is likely electrochemically promoted with Li+, anions, and dissolved oxygen. Exactly how the molecular O2 participates in the reaction is unclear and requires further study. The addition of a conformal coating of MnO2 on the carbon lowers the cell’s operating voltage but does not alter the overall discharge chemistry.
An intuitive form of non-localism for quantum mechanics

Abstract The two-slit interference experiment provides a vivid demonstration of quantum mechanics. It is clear that one can describe the effects using standard probability theory if one makes a non-localism assumption. But many scientists dismiss non-localism as implying “action-at-a-distance”. This paper shows that it is possible to construct a non-local model which does not assume “action-at-a-distance”.
Power Flow Solution by Newton's Method

The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.
Structure of human Brn-5 transcription factor in complex with CRH gene promoter.

Abstract The Brn-5 protein, highly expressed in human brain, belongs to the POU family; a class of transcription factors involved in a wide variety of biological processes ranging from programming of embryonic stem cells to cellular housekeeping. This functional diversity is conferred by two DNA-binding subdomains that can assume several configurations due to a bipartite arrangement of POU-specific (POUS) and POU-homeo (POUH) subdomains separated by a linker region. The crystal structure of human Brn-5 transcription factor in complex with corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene promoter reveals an unexpected recognition mode of the protein to its cognate DNA. Moreover, the structure also shows the role of the linker in allowing diverse configurations that can be assumed by the two subdomains.
Comparison of dispersive and non-dispersive spectrum splitting techniques for photovoltaic systems

There has been a significant interest in spectrum splitting systems to increase the overall efficiency of photovoltaic solar energy systems. In spectrum splitting, an optical system is used to spectrally separate the incident sunlight. Although, systems with different methods and geometries have been proposed, optical systems relying on reflective filters have not been compared to transmissive ones. In this paper, the effects of dispersion introduced by transmission type filters are presented compared to reflective filters.
A truly deadly quartet: obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia.

The cluster of hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and hypertension markedly increases the risk of coronary artery disease. Although no treatments target this syndrome specifically, treatment of each aspect of the cluster is important. Prevention—weight loss and physical activity—is key. The National Cholesterol Education Program recognizes the importance of the metabolic syndrome and has published guidelines for its diagnosis. Weight loss, physical activity, and treatment of the individual risk factors constitute the main strategies for treatment. For now, the goals and methods of treating hypertension and dyslipidemia are the same in people with the metabolic syndrome as in the general population. Thiazolidinedione drugs increase insulin sensitivity, but their use in the metabolic syndrome is only speculative at present. We recommend they be used only as indicated to treat diabetes mellitus.
Vibration-dissociation coupling in nonequilibrium flows

The final report on research between North Carolina State University and the NASA Ames Research Center is presented. The research was aimed at using the Schwartz, Slawsky, Herzfeld (SSH) theory to simulate the vibrational relaxation of nitrogen molecules undergoing dissociation or recombination over a wide range of conditions. The results of these simulations were then treated as exact, and they were used to develop a model for the coupled vibration-dissociation process. This new model is simple enough to be used in computational fluid dynamics codes, but still captures the physics of the complex process. The model is used to simulate the flow over typical geometries to test it and to determine how much impact it has on the flow field. The key elements of this research are summarized.
Surgical management of benign renal cysts causing obstruction of renal pelvis

During the last fifteen years, 6 adult patients were treated in whom obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction or the renal pelvis was caused by a benign renal cyst. The cyst extended from the renal hilus in each case and had turgor sufficient to overcome the pressure of intrapelvic urine. Operative unroofing of the cyst relieved the obstruction in each. In 5 of 6 cases, the postoperative radiographic appearance of the kidney showed marked improvement. Each patient was followed for at least five years, and no recurrence of the obstruction was noted. Operative treatment is recommended when a renal cyst causes significant obstruction of the major calyceal or renal pelvic outflow.
Overview of progress in the epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To provide an over-view of progress in the epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. Methods: Review of epidemiological and clinical trial findings regarding AMD since initial National Eye Institute sponsored epidemiology meeting in 1982. Results: A growing number new epidemiological studies have provided data on the prevalence and long-term incidence of AMD. Despite a similar prevalence of early AMD in whites, blacks, and hispanics, whites have higher prevalence of late AMD. An age-period cohort effect has been shown in the Beaver Dam Eye Study suggesting that AMD incidence may be declining among younger birth cohorts. Genetic factors such as complement factor H have been shown to be strongly associated with AMD. Smoking is strongly related to risk of AMD. Randomized controlled clinical trials have shown the benefits of zinc-antioxidant supplementation in preventing visual loss in persons with signs of early AMD and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in restoring vision in ey...
Loin pain hematuria syndrome.

CASE PRESENTATION A 42-year-old Caucasian woman was referred for evaluation of recurrent episodes of right loin pain associated with intermittent microscopic and gross hematuria. She had been healthy until 2 years prior, when she developed right renal colic associated with a ureteral stone. She was treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with complete resolution of symptoms. Two further episodes of renal colic resolved with conservative medical management. The patient subsequently developed relapsing and
Conditional expression of PTEN alters the androgen responsiveness of prostate cancer cells.

BACKGROUND Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is lost as a function of prostate tumor androgen dependence. While the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR) is inhibited by PTEN in androgen sensitive prostate cancer (CaP), the role of PTEN in androgen disease is unclear. METHODS We developed a system where PTEN can be conditionally re-expressed at physiologic levels into a PTEN null metastatic human CaP cell line, C4-2, and androgen responsiveness examined. RESULTS PTEN induction reduces cell growth and blocks the growth effect of synthetic androgen R1881. The anti-androgen Casodex enhances the growth-inhibitory action of PTEN and this effect is independent of Akt phosphorylation. Combined PTEN induction and Casodex, result in a further decrease in prostate specific antigen promoter activity compared to PTEN but not Casodex alone. CONCLUSIONS PTEN induction confers androgen independent CaP cells enhanced responsiveness to the anti-proliferative effects of anti-androgens and this action may involve non-AR mediated effects. Prostate 66: 1114-1123, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dielectric properties of lead-magnesium niobate ceramics

Dielectric properties are reported for lead magnesium niobate (PbMg1/3Nb2/3/O3) ceramics which were prepared as single phase (i.e., without pyrochlore) with an improved technique. Dielectric constants of 18000 for pure PMN and 31000 for PMN with 10% PbTiO3 were achieved; these values are 50% larger than those reported in the literature. The dielectric constant of PMN ceramics was found to increase with both sintering temperature and excess MgO, and subsequent analysis of the microstructures confirmed that this was due to an increase in grain size. This grain-size dependence is explained as a consequence of low-permittivity grain boundaries.
Role of the pacemaker.

Abstract In a recent conference on pacemakers it was stated that over 5,000 units have been installed in patients over the United States within a period of less than four years. This is a rather large number of installations of a device that formerly seemed to be uncommon. In my presentation I will try to sketch in the developments in this field: the various accepted methods of therapy, indications for therapy, procedures, and results.