cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of splenic T-cells from mice vaccinated with lethally-irradiated leukemia cells expressing cell surface GM-CSF prevents leukemia.

5565 Leukemia cells can evade host immune surveillance during leukemia development. This is partially due to leukemic cells expressing weak leukemia-specific antigens and/or due to leukemic cells expressing factors that can impair host immune response. To overcome this tolerance, we transduced the leukemia cells with a cell surface bound GM-CSF. We modified soluble GM-CSF cDNA to a transmembrane-bound form of GM-CSF (tmGM-CSF) and transduced the tmGM-CSF into WEHI-3B leukemia cells by infection with a bi-cistronic tmGM-CSF/ GFP lentivirus. After enrichment of the transduced cells by cell sorting for GFP expression, the resulting cells contained predominantly cell surface bound GM-CSF that was not secreted into the medium. tmGM-CSF expressing WEHI-3B cells were lethally irradiated for use in vaccination. Eight-week old immunocompetent BALB/c mice were vaccinated (sc) in the hind leg with the irradiated cells three times at intervals of seven days (2 × 10e6 cells). Non-vaccinated mice challenged with live WEHI-3B cells died from leukemia after 35 days. All of the vaccinated mice survived for up to 60 days. In order to determine whether cellular immunity is involved in this protection, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were depleted after the vaccination. Depletion of CD8+ T cells prevented protection by the vaccine but depletion of CD4+ T cells protected only 20% of mice. The difference between the CD+4 and CD8+ depletion groups is significant (p=0.005). These results indicated that CD8+ T-cells mediated immune response to leukemia cells and play an important role in immune stimulation by the vaccine. Splenic cells were prepared seven days after the last vaccination and 2 × 10e6cells splenic cells were transplanted into non-vaccinated mice one day before the mice were challenged with WEHI-3B leukemia cells (5 × 10e4 cells/mouse). Control mice were transplanted with the splenic cells that isolated from normal non-vaccinated mice. The results showed that 80% of the mice that received splenic cells from vaccinated mice were free leukemia, while all control mice died due to leukemia (p=0.0483). These results indicate that the vaccination of mice with non-viable leukemia cells expressing cell surface-bound GM-CSF can over come the immunotolerance of leukemia cells. Thus, this approach suggests that an ex-vivo manipulation of leukemia cells with cell-surface bound GM-CSF has potential for effective immunotherapy of leukemia.
Deep 16S rRNA gene sequencing of anterior foregut microbiota from the blue-green sharpshooter (Graphocephala atropunctata)

Graphocephala atropunctata or the blue-green sharpshooter (BGSS) has been long recognized as the principal native vector of Xylella fastidiosa in coastal, wine-grape-growing areas of California. X. fastidiosa is the causative agent of Pierce's disease of grapevine and of numerous other leaf-scorching diseases of agronomically important plants. X. fastidiosa has been shown to colonize the cibarium and precibarium (anterior foregut) of sharpshooters, where it may encounter other naturally occurring bacterial species. Here, deep 16S rRNA sequencing was used to survey the microbiota associated with the BGSS anterior foregut. DNA was extracted from dissected cibaria and precibaria; a portion of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology. An average of approximately 32 000 sequence reads per insect was obtained. Agrobacterium was the most common genus detected; additional sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene further identified this as Agrobacterium tumefaciens or A. fabrum. A number of additional plant-associated bacterial genera were also detected (Pseudomonas and Ensifer), along with genera known to be associated with insects (Baumannia), and soil (Stenotrophomonas, Caulobacter, Delftia, Achromobacter, Acinetobacter and Novosphingobium). Approximately half of the genera reported here have been previously reported to be prevalent in the cibarium and precibarium of glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS; Homalodisca vitripennis). Many of these cibarium- and precibarium-associated genera likely interact with X. fastidiosa.
School Engagement of Youth Investigated by Child Welfare Services: Associations with Academic Achievement and Mental Health

Youth who have experienced abuse, neglect, or are involved with child welfare services are at significant risk of low academic achievement and poor mental health outcomes. The literature on children involved with child welfare services has typically focused on the impact of individual, home, and community factors, but less research has considered the impact of school engagement on maltreated youth outcomes. This study utilized data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being to examine the potential main effect of school engagement on youth academic achievement and mental health in a longitudinal national sample of youth who were the subject of a child welfare investigation. Predicting that school engagement would be especially critical for youth who are removed from home, this study also examined whether school engagement moderated the effect of home placement instability on youth outcomes. Results of hierarchal regression analyses showed that school engagement was an independent predictor of youth internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and academic achievement in reading and math after controlling for initial symptoms/achievement levels and relevant covariates. School engagement did not significantly moderate the association between home instability and youth outcomes. Directions for future research are discussed.
The Affect and Effect of Images of War on Individual Opinion and Emotions

ABSTRACTWe explore the conditions under which individuals are attentive to positive and negative battlefield information when forming beliefs about a conflict’s success or failure. We use three experiments to explore the impact of visual and textual battlefield cues on individuals’ emotional states and attitudes toward the war in Afghanistan. We find that both visual and textual information convey information about failure that influences public attitudes and emotions toward war. In keeping with rational expectations theory, but contrary to widespread beliefs within the journalistic and policymaking communities, textual cues and images of battlefield failure have similar effects on emotions and attitudes. The consistency of multiple war cues, however, greatly affects peoples’ reactions. Simply put, in war the content of information matters, not its delivery style.
Determining the core, corona, and total size of CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots by SEC/QELS and TEM

The size (hydrodynamic or Stokes radius, RH) of non-functionalized CdSeS/ZnS (core/shell) quantum dots (QDs) was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography with on-line quasi-elastic light scattering (SEC/QELS). Accurate determination of the size of QDs is important, because many of the optical properties of these materials are size dependent. A clear advantage of SEC/QELS over many batch techniques (e.g., QELS without separation) is the capability of the hyphenated technique to characterize the entire size range of a disperse sample, rather than merely providing a statistical average of the sizes present. Here, the SEC/QELS-determined RH values of CdSeS/ZnS QDs are compared to those determined by a traditional SEC experiment employing a calibration curve based on polystyrene standards, providing for the first reported study on SEC/QELS of non-functionalized QDs while also demonstrating the shortcomings of the widely-employed calibration curve approach. Furthermore, combining the RH of the QDs obtained by SEC/QELS with core size measurements derived from transmission electron microscopy allowed further calculation of the size of the QDs’ coronas. The latter result was found to be in close agreement to the previously measured dimension of the main corona constituent, as well as with the calculated size of this constituent.
Topology Optimization for Thermal Transport

The design of flow channels and surfaces to promote maximum heat transfer is of great importance, for example, in electronic cooling applications. In order to design surfaces optimized for maximum heat transfer under known flow conditions, a coupled thermal-fluid topology optimization approach based on the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is introduced. Based on prior hydrodynamic topology optimization work, a Brinkman type porosity model is used. Every computational element/LBM node is varied continuously from fluid to solid, as traditionally done in fluidic topology optimization. This allows the formation of new boundaries and the generation of new designs. In addition, the present approach varies the thermal diffusivity from that of a fluid to that of a solid, permitting topology optimization for heat transfer applications while considering the thermal properties of both fluid and structure. The formulation of the optimization problem and sensitivity analysis is discussed and illustrated for a 2D example applicable to electronic cooling.© 2009 ASME
Lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear enzymes in stress. I. Method of separation of leukocytes from small amounts of blood into lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocytes by density-gradient centrifugation.

Abstract Mixed leukocytes obtained from 5–10 ml of rabbit or human blood can be separated on the basis of their buoyant density characteristics into lymphocyte and PMN populations by means of discontinuous dextran gradients. The separation into cell types is reproducible and the leakage of protein and/or enzyme into the supernatant can be followed throughout the procedure.
19 THE EFFECT OF DIETARY PHOSPHORUS ON VASCULAR CALCIFICATION AND OSTEOPONTIN EXPRESSION IN NORMAL AND UREMIC ANIMALS

Vascular calcification is a very common finding in patients with chronic kidney disease. It is an independent strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hyperphosphatemia is also common in patients with chronic kidney disease and elevated phosphate levels also are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. It has been hypothesized that derangements in divalent mineral metabolism play a role in vascular calcification. It has been recently shown that elevated phosphorus levels induce calcification of human smooth muscle cells in vitro. Phosphate has been shown to be a specific signal for induction of osteopontin (OPN) gene expression. We wished to examine the effect of dietary phosphorus on ectopic vascular calcification and OPN gene expression in normal and uremic rats. Renal failure was induced in 12-week-old Wistar rats by feeding them a diet containing 0.75% adenine for 4 weeks. Normal and uremic animals were fed either a high or a low phosphorus diet for 8 weeks. Serum chemistries were obtained at week 4 and at time of sacrifice. Heart and aorta were histopathologically analyzed for the presence or absence of calcification. Aortas were examined for the expression of OPN mRNA. We found hyperphosphatemia, a lower body weight and increased mortality in the uremic group fed a high phosphorus diet. Calcification was present in the cardiovascular tissue (heart and aorta) and OPN mRNA levels were increased in aortic tissue isolated from uremic rats fed a high phosphorus diet. There was no cardiovascular calcification seen in the other groups. Interestingly, OPN mRNA was increased in aortic tissue isolated from nonuremic rats fed a high phosphorus diet. Our findings demonstrate that increased dietary phosphorus is associated with cardiovascular calcification in uremic animals. Furthermore, the results indicate that high phosphorus diet even in the absence of hyperphosphatemia or uremia is associated with increased expression of OPN mRNA. The findings suggest that increased dietary phosphorus may induce the synthesis of bone matrix proteins in cardiovascular tissue. This may then facilitate the process of vascular calcification in the presence of factors such as increased calcium × phosphorus product and other factors that are related to the uremic milieu.
Intermonomer electron transfer between the b hemes of heterodimeric cytochrome bc(1).

The ubihydroquinone:cytochrome c oxidoreductase, or cytochrome bc1, is a central component of respiratory and photosynthetic energy transduction pathways in many organisms. It contributes to the generation of membrane potential and proton gradient used for cellular energy (ATP) production. The three-dimensional structures of cytochrome bc1 show a homodimeric organization of its three catalytic subunits. The unusual architecture revived the issue of whether the monomers operate independently or function cooperatively during the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. In recent years, different genetic approaches allowed the successful production of heterodimeric cytochrome bc1 variants and evidenced the occurrence of intermonomer electron transfer between the monomers of this enzyme. Here we used a version of the “two-plasmid” genetic system, also described in the preceding paper (DOI: 10.1021/bi400560p), to study a new heterodimeric mutant variant of cytochrome bc1. The strain producing this heterodimeric variant ...
Symposium on advanced treatment options for the failing left ventricle. Synthesis. Guidelines for selection among treatment options.

In this concluding article, the authors review the "take-home" messages from each ofthe preceding articles and integrate the information on each of the advanced treatment options into a set of overall guidelines for treatment selection.
Incorporation of patient immobilization, tissue compensation and matchline junction technique for three-field breast treatment.

Abstract A protocol for the treatment of the intact breast was developed to maximize dose homogeneity and reproducibility. This protocol uses patient and breast immobilization, three-dimensional tissue compensators, and a technique for geometric matching of fields when the supraclavicular area is treated. A series of phantom measurements and analysis of patient port films was performed to evaluate dose homogeneity and reproducibility using this technique, and the potential adverse effect of loss of skin sparing from the immobilization device was investigated. Dose homogeneity throughtout the phantom breast was within ±6% of the prescribed central axis dose, and homogeneity at the supraclavicular match line was ±10%. This represented a significant improvement over techniques not using tissue compensation or geometrically matched fields. Reproducibility of patient treatments was not significantly improved from previous non-immobilized treatment techniques, but there was no loss of skin sparing from the device, and other advantages of immobilization were observed. Details of the protocol are discussed together with changes that are currently being made to improve the results obtained thus far.
Horticultural performance of eight American elderberry genotypes at three Missouri locations

American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) is being increasingly cultivated in North America for its edible and medicinal fruit and flowers, yet remains largely undeveloped as a horticultural crop. Productive genotypes with desirable horticultural attributes, including disease and insect resistance, precocity, uniform fruit ripening, and large berry size are needed in order to advance the commercial production of elderberries. A four-year study of eight elderberry genotypes was established in 2008 at three diverse Missouri (USA) locations. Phenology, plant morphology, pest susceptibility, productivity, and fruit characteristics data were collected over three growing seasons, 2009-2011. Significant differences for most phenological, horticultural, and fruit juice characteristics were observed among the three sites, three years, and eight genotypes. The genotype 'Ozark' was the earliest to break bud, produced fruit with high levels of soluble solids, and out-yielded most other genotypes at the three sites over the three-year study. None of the new genotypes produced berries as large as or larger than the standard 'York' which is known for its large fruit. Some of the genotypes tested, especially 'Ozark' show promise as potential cultivars and as breeding stock for further development of elderberry as a commercially-viable horticultural crop.
The New Right in the United States: Color-Blind Discourse and the Politics of Reverse Racism

The New Right emerged in the United States in the mid-1970s as both a legacy of a uniquely US history of right-wing reaction and as a novel political force in its own right. Throughout US history, hard times have facilitated the emergence of the hard Right. The disintegration of the Southern slave economy and the beginning of Reconstruction witnessed the emergence of the Klu Klux Klan (KKK) in the 1860s; the Great Depression fuelled the rise of populist demagogues such as Father Charles Coughlin and Huey Long in the 1930s; and the status insecurities of a burgeoning nouveau riche, combined with the apparent decline of US power on the world scene with the first shots of the Cold War, together provided the impetus in the 1950s for the anti-communist witch-hunts of Senator Joseph McCarthy.1
Urinary Incontinence in Women

Urinary incontinence, the involuntary loss of urine, can result from a multitude of etiologies and can have a significant negative impact on a woman's physical, social, economic, and psychological well-being. This commentary will review the current evidence regarding the screening, diagnosis, and treatment options for urinary incontinence in women.
Beyond the Chilly Climate: The Salience of Gender in Women’s Academic Careers

The prevailing metaphor for understanding the persistence of gender inequalities in universities is the “chilly climate.” Women faculty sometimes resist descriptions of their workplaces as “chilly”...
How the Next President Can Build a Foundation for a Healthy Future: Improving Children's Lives.

* Abbreviation: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics In a tumultuous and unpredictable election year, Americans selected Donald Trump as our 45th president. Mr Trump’s approach to policymaking is still unknown, and his positions on certain issues do not follow the typical partisan patterns within American politics. However, Mr Trump has expressed support for family-oriented policies, including paid family leave and child care subsidies. His administration may present an opportunity to continue working on efforts to provide children with the essential elements needed to lead healthy and productive lives. The priorities and policy decisions President Trump takes will have a lasting impact on our nation’s future. To help guide these decisions, in advance of the election, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) laid out a comprehensive plan for the federal government to give children, families, communities, and the nation a solid foundation for the future. The Academy’s plan, Blueprint for Children: How the Next President Can Build a Foundation for a Healthy Future, is grounded in the belief that society’s health depends on its children’s well-being.1 It reflects the AAP’s commitment to programs and policies that improve the lives of children and families so they can achieve their full potential. The Blueprint contains a high-level policy vision as well as many specific administrative and legislative recommendations relevant to 24 federal agencies and departments that can influence the … Address correspondence to Benard P. Dreyer, MD, 564 1st Ave, Apt 23 E, New York, NY 10016-6469. E-mail: benard.dreyer{at}nyumc.org
Absorption spectroscopy of doped conjugated polymer single-particles with toroidal optical microresonators

Applying toroidal optical microresonators as absorption spectrometers to examine the heterogeneous electronic structure of the doped conjugated polymer PEDOT:PSS from a single particle basis.
Abstract 109: Leptin Acts in POMC Neurons to Increase Sympathetic Nerve Activity

Leptin acts in the brain to decrease food intake and promote energy expenditure by increasing sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT). Leptin also increases SNA to other beds including kidney with implications for obesity-associated hypertension. We previously demonstrated the importance the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus in mediating leptin-induced increases in regional SNA, but the specific neuronal population within the Arc that mediates these responses is unknown. We hypothesized that proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the Arc are critical for the increases in SNA in response to leptin. To test this, we generated mice lacking the leptin receptor (ObR) specifically in POMC neurons (ObR flox/flox / POMC Cre ). We used multifiber sympathetic nerve recording to assess the SNA effects of leptin. ObR flox/flox /POMC Cre mice exhibited a significantly (P flox/flox /POMC Cre mice (-1±13%). In contrast, the renal SNA response to ICV insulin (100 μU) was not different (P=0.27) in ObR flox/flox /POMC Cre mice (150±24%) as compared to littermate controls (195±68%) demonstrating that the loss of renal SNA response to leptin in mice lacking ObR in POMC neurons is a specific effect. Next, we investigated the requirement of ObR in POMC neurons for the sympathoexcitatory effects of leptin in other beds. Strikingly, ObR flox/flox /POMC Cre mice had a significantly (P flox/flox /POMC Cre mice (126±28%) relative to controls (309±80%). These results demonstrate the leptin receptor signaling in POMC neurons in the control of regional sympathetic nerve activity.
The New Endocrinologist

Why evidence-based endocrinology? The practice of evidence-based medicine (EBM) requires the conscientious and judicious application of the best available evidence from clinical care research toward making clinical decisions. It requires expertise in order to understand the context of the patient and to incorporate the patient’s values and preferences into evidence-based decisions. This approach to clinical practice is new to medicine (1) and to endocrinology (2, 3, 4) (see Chapter 2 for a brilliant account of the history of EBM). This chapter will place the contents of this volume in context while identifying five key contributions that EBM can make to the practice of endocrinology.
Doping of Green Fluorescent Protein into Superfluid Helium Droplets: Size and Velocity of Doped Droplets.

We report doping of green fluorescent protein from an electrospray ionization (ESI) source into superfluid helium droplets. From analyses of the time profiles of the doped droplets, we identify two distinct groups of droplets. The faster group has a smaller average size, on the order of 106 helium atoms/droplet, and the slower group is much larger, by at least an order of magnitude. The relative populations of these two groups depend on the temperature of the droplet source: from 11 K to 5 K, the signal intensity of the slower droplet group gradually increases, from near the detection limit to comparable to that of the faster group. We postulate that the smaller droplets are formed via condensation of gaseous helium upon expansion from the pulsed valve, while the larger droplets develop from fragmentation of ejected liquid helium. Our results on the size and velocity of the condensation peak at higher source temperatures (> 7 K) agree with previous reports, but those at lower temperatures (< 7 K) seem to ...
Commercial-Scale Tissue Culture for the Production of Plant Natural Products: Successes, Failures and Outlook

In this chapter, I am providing examples of efforts with plant tissue cultures that have been successful on a commercial scale and discuss which challenges may have prevented other products from reaching or staying on the market. I am also sharing thoughts about how past experience may shape the future prospects of plant tissue culture and how this technology stacks up against newer efforts with engineered microbes (often referred to as synthetic biology).
A very-high-power-transfer-density GaN-based capacitive wireless power transfer system

This paper introduces a very-high-power-transfer-density GaN-based capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system, suitable as one module of a multi-modular WPT system for charging of electric forklifts. This capacitive WPT system achieves very high power transfer density by operating at a high switching frequency (6.78 MHz) using a GaN-based inverter, and by utilizing innovatively designed L-section matching networks that provide gain and reactive compensation. A systematic design methodology is introduced to ensure zero-voltage switching of the inverter transistors with minimal circulating currents, and to minimize transistor conduction losses and matching network inductor losses. The matching networks are also designed to absorb the parasitic capacitances of the charging environment and utilize them as part of the wireless power transfer mechanism. A prototype 6.78-MHz capacitive WPT system with a coupling plate area of 50 cm2 is designed, built and tested. The prototype system transfers 257 W of power across a 1.2-cm air gap, achieving a power transfer density of 51.4 kW/m2 with an efficiency of 90.4%.
Control of Wave Energy Converters Using A Simple Dynamic Model

This paper derives a control law within the context of optimal control theory for a heaving wave energy converter (WEC) and presents its implementation procedure. The proposed control assumes the availability of measurements of pressure distribution on the buoy surface, buoy position, and buoy velocity. This control has two main characteristics. First, this control is derived based on a simple dynamic model. The forces on the WEC are modeled as one total force, and hence there is no need to compute excitation or radiation forces. Second, this control can be applied to both linear and nonlinear WEC systems. The derived control law is optimal, yet its implementation requires estimation of some force derivatives, which render the obtained control force suboptimal. Numerical testing demonstrates in this paper that the proposed simple model control can achieve levels of harvested energy close to the maximum theoretical limit predicted by singular arc control in the case of linear WEC systems.
The Hard Knapsack Stream Cipher

The combination of nonlinear functions with LFSRs provides a good means for generating running keys (see chapter 5). The major problem is the difficulty of implementing complex and truly random nonlinear functions. What we would like to have is a simple and fast implementation of a large set of highly nonlinear functions which is readily indexed by the key. Moreover, any function randomly chosen from the large available set should, with virtual certainty, produce a sequence with good distribution properties. As we have seen in the preceding chapter, the knapsack provides an ideal instrument to meet these requirements, except perhaps for a slightly reduced operational speed when compared to direct or table implementations. The maximum order of most sum-bit functions fj,k (x) assures that large linear complexity may be attained. The knapsack also distributes good statistics in the sense that equally distributed selector variables xl,...,xN will, with virtual certainty, result in equally distributed bits sj of the binary representation of the partial sum S when the modulus is a power of 2 (or close to a power of 2). In the original knapsack problem the weights are public. When the knapsack is used to realize a nonlinear mapping, there is no reason to give this information away; giving it away can only make the attack easier.
Mining Data from an Automated Grading and Testing System by Adding Rich Reporting Capabilities.

Programs that perform automated assignment grading can generate a great deal of meaningful data not only for the student, but for the instructor as well. Such tools are often used in computer science courses to assess student programming work. In the process of grading, a large amount of intermediate information is gathered. However, in most cases this information is not used beyond assigning scores, so the potential of learning more about the course is lost. At the same time, continuous collection of data over a large number of submissions across many courses presents an interesting but untapped resource for educational data mining. One solution to this problem is to implement a reporting tool for making use of this intermediate data to create meaningful interpretations. This paper describes how an automated grading system, WebCAT, has been extended to provide a reporting mechanism that uses the intermediate data that is gathered during assessment of students’ programs. Our implementation of the reporting tool makes use of the Business Information Reporting Tool (BIRT) developed for the Eclipse IDE.
Reciprocity in Support Networks of Sheltered-Care Residents

The socially debilitating effects of long-term hospitalization or insti-tutionalization are well documented (Barton, 1959; Goffman, 1961; Gruenberg, 1967; Shadoan, 1976; Wing, 1962). Rose (1959) and Evans, Bullard, and Solomon (1961) reported that the longer a person was institutionalized, the more his or her social contacts, especially family relationships, became disrupted, disengaged, and disintegrated. However, inequity of support exchanges can lead members of the mentally disordered person’s social network to run the risk of excessive burden, exhaustion, and burnout in providing essential care to the disabled person (Froland, Brodsky, Olson, & Stewart, 1979; Sullivan & Poertner, 1989). This burden has been considered a key element in the abandonment and resulting isolation of persons with serious mental disorders. Thus, mutuality of exchange is considered crucial to the maintenance of effective support systems for this vulnerable population (Froland et al., 1979; Moxley, 1988; Parks & Pilisuk, 1984; Tolsdorf, 1976).
Understanding bike share reach, use, access and function: An exploratory study

Abstract Background Bike shares have been shown to increase physical activity among users by replacing sedentary modes of travel. Objective To examine factors affecting the operation of bike share systems. Method Representatives from bike shares around the world were recruited to participate in an online survey. Questions addressed information about the bike share, efforts reach to different populations, goals of the bike share, and perceived barriers/motivators to bike share use. Differences between high- and low-use bike shares were examined. Results Respondents (n = 23) were predominately from the USA (n = 20). The mean number of bikes in the bike share was 591.22 ± 777.26 and the mean number of stations was 73.26 ± 85.07. Bike share operators estimated that 44.13% of trips were made by women, 8.81% by children, 10.40% by older adults, 18.13% by ethnic minorities, and 12.67% by persons of low income. Bike shares revealed low reach among minorities and those of lower income. Popular short-term goals of the bike shares included increasing users and trips. The top motivator was ease of access to stations. Conclusion These findings may assist bike shares in increasing ridership and reach, facilitating in the primary goal of increasing rates of active travel among all populations.
Solvent-Vapor Induced Spherulitic Growth in Multicomponent Elastic Films

Herein we study isothermal spherulitic crystallization in multicomponent thin films under solvent-vapor annealing. Spherulitic crystallization is taken as a coherent phase transition between an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase. Both of the two phases of the film are modeled as (possibly prestressed) elastic solids, and no a priori assumption is made on the stresses in the two phases. The interface between the two bulk phases is treated as an evolving one-dimensional open thermodynamic system defined by various thermodynamic variables. In particular, each chemical component of the interface is generally endowed with a mass density and a chemical potential. The interface, as a continuum system, is composed of particles. We assign each particle of an evolving interface a well-defined interface velocity so that a moving interface with mass density carries linear momentum and kinetic energy. By appealing to free energy imbalance for isothermal processes and balance of mass and momentum, we derive dissipation inequalities for the bulk phases and for the interface, with which we obtain constitutive restrictions through the Coleman–Noll procedure. The driving force behind spherulitic crystallization is identified as the quantity conjugate to the normal velocity in the interfacial dissipation inequality. Finally we investigate the effect of prestress on the directional dependence of spherulitic growth.
Correcting the scholarly record for research integrity: In the aftermath of plagiarism

Most of us involved in scholarly publishing either as authors, editors, or reviewers approach our roles quite responsibly because we respect the value and importance of the archival record of schol...
Consumer Protection Laws in Auto Lending

We examine the impact of consumer protection laws on loan terms and outcomes in auto financing. We find that dealers strategically adjust contracts such that similar borrowers face the same monthly payments in states with and without interest rate limits. However, monthly payments are higher in states that prohibit post-default collections through wage garnishment. Default rates do not vary with usury law when lenders can seek deficiency payments; however, default rates are higher where wage garnishment is prohibited. We find that default rates are lower among borrowers who cannot discharge their debts due to a recent Chapter 7 bankruptcy, suggesting moral hazard as a plausible explanation for the higher default rates in states that prohibit wage garnishment. Although wage garnishment laws benefit borrowers who default, borrowers who pay their debt in full face higher total observable loan costs where wage garnishment is prohibited.
The Origins of Protestant Aesthetics in Early Modern Europe: Calvin's Reformation Poetics

The aesthetics of everyday life, as reflected in art museums and galleries throughout the western world, is the result of a profound shift in aesthetic perception that occurred during the Renaissance and Reformation. In this book, William A. Dyrness examines intellectual developments in late Medieval Europe, which turned attention away from a narrow range liturgical art and practices and towards a celebration of God's presence in creation and in history. Though threatened by the human tendency to self-assertion, he shows how a new focus on God's creative and recreative action in the world gave time and history a new seriousness, and engendered a broad spectrum of aesthetic potential. Focusing in particular on the writings of Luther and Calvin, Dyrness demonstrates how the reformers' conceptual and theological frameworks pertaining to the role of the arts influenced the rise of realistic theater, lyric poetry, landscape painting, and architecture in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Advanced endometrial cancer: Is there a benefit to neoadjuvant therapy?

e15548 Background: The majority of endometrial cancers present as early stage tumors, yet those that are advanced at diagnosis are associated with poor outcomes. The role of radical debulking surge...
Distributed Holistic Framework for Smart City Infrastructures: Tale of Interdependent Electrified Transportation Network and Power Grid

Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) play a pivotal role in transportation electrification. The flexible nature of PEVs’ charging demand can be utilized for reducing charging cost as well as optimizing the operating cost of power and transportation networks. Utilizing charging flexibility of geographically spread PEVs requires design and implementation of efficient optimization algorithms. There is a synergy between electro mobility (e-Mobility) infrastructures (including charging stations) and PEVs. In this paper, we introduce a holistic framework to model interdependent nature of power systems and electrified transportation networks, enhance the operational performance of these systems as a network-of-networks, and explain the required information exchange via coupling agents (e.g., PEVs and charging stations). We develop a holistic framework that enables distributed coordination of interdependent networks through the IoT lens. To this end, we propose to use a fully distributed consensus+innovations approach. This iterative algorithm achieves a distributed solution of the decision making for each agent through local computations and limited communication with other neighboring agents that are influential in that specific decision. For instance, the optimal routing decision of a PEV involves a different set of agents as compared with the optimal charging strategy of the same PEV. The exogenous information from an external network/agent can affect internal operation of the other agents. For instance, having some information about traffic congestion at the transportation networks changes the decision of PEVs to charge their battery at another location. Our approach constitutes solving an iterative problem, which utilizes communication at the smart city layer, as a network of infrastructures, including power grid and electrified transportation network, that enables fully distributed coordination of agents. Fully distributed decision making enables scalability of the solution and plug-and-play capability, as well as increasing the information privacy of PEVs by only requiring limited local information exchange with neighboring agents. We investigate a detailed application of our framework for interdependent power systems and electrified transportation networks. To this end, we first identify the functionalities, constraints, objectives, and decision variables of each network. Then, we investigate the interdependent interactions among these networks and their corresponding agents.
局灶性前列腺萎缩病变的工作小组分类

前列腺上皮萎缩分为两类:弥漫性和局灶性.弥漫性多由于药物去势治疗造成.局灶性萎缩在临床标本中极为常见,有人认为它是前列腺癌的前驱病变.另外,有些病变类似前列腺癌而在穿刺活检诊断中产生困难,因此认识局灶性萎缩也有临床意义.对于前列腺的局灶性萎缩,不同的作者有不同的命名,以至于造成应用的混乱,不利于不同研究者结果的对比。
On The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Global Pandemic

Coronaviruses (COVS) are viruses transmitted through droplets of sputum from an infected person. Analyses identify COVS as zoonotic pathogens, possibly resulting from human-animal contact at animal markets. They share overlapping genetic characteristics with the avian influenza viruses from China. COVS released from humans through droplets of sputum and may land on various surfaces, which poses exposure risks; as studies have shown the virus can exist intact for a relatively long period of time (several days). The recent highly pathogenic COVS outbreak (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-COVS). This highly transmittable disease causes pneumonia and severe respiratory illnesses similar to SARS and MERS; it has a global mortality rate of about 6.13%. The virus has rapidly become a global pandemic, causing major global issues, including health, economic, and age-preference, among other issues. This text summarizes the nature of the emerging COVID-19 global pandemic while analyzing several factors concerning the etiology of the virus. This is done in an urgent effort to educate and provide relevant information about the virus.
MYC regulates ribosome biogenesis and mitochondrial gene expression programs through its interaction with host cell factor-1.

Tumours form when cells lose control of their growth. Usually, cells produce signals that control how much and how often they divide. But if these signals become faulty, cells may grow too quickly or multiply too often. For example, a group of proteins known as MYC proteins activate growth genes in a cell, but too much of these proteins causes cells to grow uncontrollably. With one third of all cancer deaths linked to excess MYC proteins, these molecules could be key targets for anti-cancer drugs. However, current treatments fail to target these proteins. One option for treating cancers linked to MYC proteins could be to target proteins that work alongside MYC proteins, such as the protein HCF-1, which can attach to MYC proteins. To test if HCF-1 could be a potential drug target, Popay et al. first studied how HCF-1 and MYC proteins interacted using specific cancer cells grown in the laboratory. This revealed that when the two proteins connected, they activated genes that trigger rapid cell growth. When these cancer cells were then injected into mice, tumours quickly grew. However, when the MYC and HCF-1 attachments in the cancer cells were disrupted, the tumours shrunk. This suggests that if anti-cancer drugs were able to target HCF-1 proteins, they could potentially reduce or even reverse the growth of tumours. While further research is needed to identify drug candidates, these findings reveal a promising target for treating tumours that stem from over-abundant MYC proteins.
Mono- and Dinitro-BN-Naphthalenes: Formation and Characterization.

Mono- and dinitro-BN-naphthalenes, i.e., 1-nitro-, 3-nitro-, 1,6-dinitro-, 3,6-dinitro-, and 1,8-dinitro-BNN, were generated in the nitration of 9,10-BN-naphthalene (BNN), a boron–nitrogen (BN) bond-embedded naphthalene, with AcONO2 and NO2BF4 in acetonitrile. The nitrated products were isolated and characterized by NMR, GC-MS, IR, and X-ray single crystallography. The effects of the nitration on the electron density and aromaticity of BNN were evaluated by B-11 NMR analysis and HOMA calculations.
EExNAS: Early-Exit Neural Architecture Search Solutions for Low-Power Wearable Devices

Equipping wearable devices with intelligence is essential for promoting mobile healthcare applications. However, challenges remain due to the resource limitations of these devices. In this work, we introduce EExNAS, a methodology for designing high-performance and resource-efficient dynamic Neural Architecture solutions for wearable devices. The methodology incorporates a platform-aware Neural Architecture Search (NAS) that accounts for energy efficiency at runtime through an Early-Exit (EEx) option. We showcase our methodology’s merit across 2 wearable applications, Myocardial Infarction (MI) detection and Human Activity Recognition (HAR). Solutions from EExNAS are compared against those from related works in terms of accuracy and performance. For MI detection, our final solutions with EEx capability could reach 98.54% accuracy on the PTB ECG dataset.
Nutrition-sensitive aquaculture in Bangladesh

The diversity of aquaculture production systems in Bangladesh may be calibrated to provide food and nutrition security without negative environmental impact, aligning multiple interests of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
The Daily Experiences of Facebook for Visually Impaired Users

Prior research into using social networking sites (SNSs) by visually impaired (VI) users has focused primarily on their competencies and accessibility barriers in its usage. We argue, however, that...
Intranational trade costs, product scope and productivity: Evidence from India's Golden Quadrilateral project

Abstract We examine the potential for a reduction in intranational trade costs to increase firm pro-ductivity. Recent trade theories highlight a channel through which this increase may occur – a reduction in trade costs increases competition and leads firms to drop the products in which they are least efficient. We provide empirical evidence for this prediction in the context of an exogenous reduction in intranational trade costs induced by a highway construction project in India. We find that product scope falls and firm productivity rises in response to the construction of the highway. We also find that the products dropped are those that account for the lowest.
Intricacies of anti-DNA autoantibodies.

Anti-DNA Abs are the most frequently encountered self-reactivity, a curious fact that may be explained by their potential for cross-reactivity and multireactivity. A case in point is 3H9, an anti-DNA, anti-chromatin Ab, isolated from a diseased MRL/ lpr mouse ([1][1]). 3H9 cross-reacts with anionic
Preliminary evaluation of super gtos in pulse application

Compact high action solid state switches are essential to weapon and protective systems for future Army vehicles. The Army Research Laboratory has been evaluating conventional and unconventional devices for an extended period of time. Large diameter thyristors have been explored and evaluated at currents in excess of 200 kA. Reverse dynistors, a Russian device, have shown even better performance than conventional thyristors due to their very fine gate structure (10's-100's of microns). Fine gate structure leads to faster turnon, so that the switch is in full conduction much faster than those with more conventional gates, which vastly improves the reliability and lifetime of such devices. Silicon Power Corporation (SPCO) has produced a thyristor with an even finer gate structure than the dynistor. This Super GTO (SGTO) also differs from conventional high current thyristors in that it is modular rather than a single wafer design. Aside from a potential reduction in cost due to improved yield, the SGTO may be easily configured to produce the desired level of peak current by adding or subtracting individual chips in the module. The Army Research Laboratory this year will obtain the first 400 kA SGTOs, which is double the prior current carrying capability of previous single wafer thyristors. A more critical parameter will be an increase of di/dt on turnon by an order of magnitude. Single wafer thyristors of large diameter have had didt's measured in kAs/us. The objective of the SGTO switch is in excess of 40 kA/us. This paper presents the first experimental data from a prototype device, rated at 80 kA peak current. Data from this round of evaluation will provide critical design data for the realization of switch modules of 400 kA and beyond
Intestinal adaptations in chronic kidney disease and the influence of gastric bypass surgery.

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review primarily focuses on the compensatory adaptations in gastrointestinal oxalate transport that can impact urinary oxalate excretion in the context of hyperoxaluria, a major risk factor in kidney stone disease. What advances does it highlight? The intestine, which is generally considered an absorptive organ, contributes to oxalate homeostasis by playing a role in enteric elimination/excretion of oxalate that has beneficial effects, especially when renal function is compromised. Conversely, when enteric elimination of oxalate is promoted, urinary oxalate can be reduced even in hyperoxaluric conditions. This report highlights the physiological signalling between the kidney and the gut and vice versa. Studies have shown that compensatory adaptations in gastrointestinal oxalate transport can impact the amount of oxalate excreted by the kidney. Hyperoxaluria is a major risk factor in the formation of kidney stones, and oxalate is derived from both the diet and the liver metabolism of glyoxylate. Although the intestine generally absorbs oxalate from dietary sources and can contribute as much as 50% of urinary oxalate, enteric oxalate elimination plays a significant role when renal function is compromised. While the mechanistic basis for these changes in the direction of intestinal oxalate movements in chronic renal failure involves an upregulation of angiotensin II receptors in the large intestine, enteric secretion/excretion of oxalate can also occur by mechanisms that are independent of angiotensin II. Most notably, the commensal bacterium Oxalobacter sp. interacts with the host enterocyte and promotes the movement of oxalate from the blood into the lumen, resulting in the beneficial effect of significantly lowering urinary oxalate excretion. Changes in the passive permeability of the intestine, such as in steatorrhoea and following gastric bypass, also promote oxalate absorption and hyperoxaluria. In summary, this report highlights the two-way physiological signalling between the gut and the kidney, which may help to alleviate the consequences of certain kidney diseases.