cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“SOCIAL POETS” AND “SOWERS OF CHANGE”: THE ROLE OF POPULAR MOVEMENTS WITHIN THE CHURCH AND SOCIETY

The purpose of this article is to analyze the contemporary debate on “popular practices” in the light of the dialogue between Pope Francis and the representatives of popular movements during three different world meetings organized by the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development. Popular movements are grassroots organizations and social movements. They represents increasingly excluded social actors as landless farmers, homeless and persons living in communities without adequate infrastructure. Popular movements are collective subjects or groups coming together and recognizing themselves neither in a national identity nor in the same social class. The purpose of the author is to establish a connection between the creativity of the popular movements and Michel de Certeau’s semiotic of everyday life.
Federal Reserve Responsiveness to Threat-Augmented Signaling

The previous Chapter presented evidence that the Federal Reserve was responsive to monetary policy signaling from the executive branch only under the Chairmanships of Arthur Burns and Paul Volcker during the 1970–1974 and 1979–1984 periods respectively.1 In Chapter Three it was said that these two periods were characterized by unusually high levels of Congressional concern regarding central bank budgetary authority, regulatory powers and monetary policy autonomy.
Burnup credit experiences with the GA-4 cask

General Atomics (GA) is developing two legal weight truck casks for shipping spent fuel from both pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs). The GA-4 (4PWR) and GA-9 (9BWR) casks are high-capacity legal weight truck casks designed to transport light water reactor spent-fuel assemblies. The GA-9 cask can meet the criticality safety requirements using the fresh fuel assumption. To maintain a capacity of four PWR spent-fuel assemblies, the GA-4 cask uses burnup credit as part of the criticality control for initial enrichments >2.9 wt% 235 U. Using the U.S. Department of Energy Burnup Credit Program as a basis, GA has performed burnup credit analysis for the GA-4 cask. The approach to calculating the minmum burnup requirement takes into account all of the key parameters affecting k eff . It is based on technically sound principles and conservatively increases the burnup requirement for a given enrichment to account for all uncertainties and biases associated with the calculations
Undetected IgM Paraproteins on Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Sera from three patients initially evaluated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis demonstrated apparent application "artifacts." On agarose gel electrophoresis, each had a definite paraprotein "spike." The immunoglobulin classes of the paraproteins were determined by immunoelectrophoresis, with and without reduction by dithiothreitol. The immunoglobulin class was confirmed by immunofixation electrophoresis on agarose gel. All three abnormal immunoglobulins were IgM-kappa-type paraproteins. Agarose electrophoresis with immunofixation was superior in the identification of these paraproteins compared with the standard method of cellulose acetate electrophoresis coupled with immunoelectrophoresis.
The Monogamous Conception of Romantic Love and Western Critiques of Polygamy in African Traditions

I critically examine how, from a Western cultural perspective of romantic love and Judeo-Christian tradition, certain liberal cultural values and prejudices are used presumptuously to criticize pol...
IgG Antibodies to GlcNAcβ and Asialo-GM2 (GA2) Glycans as Potential Markers of Liver Damage in Chronic Hepatitis C and the Efficacy of Antiviral Treatment

Total serum IgG level is a surrogate marker of hepatitis C (HC) severity. Antibodies (Abs) to microbial glycans could be markers of HC severity caused by the translocation of microbial products. The level of anti-glycan (AG) Abs was analysed in serum samples of patients ( ) with chronic HC in ELISA using fourteen synthetic glycans present in microbes and adhesins to evaluate the association of Abs with clinical parameters and the efficacy of antiviral treatment. The anti-GlcNAcβ IgG level was significantly higher in patients with fibrosis ( ) and severe portal inflammation ( ) regardless of other clinical parameters. The ROC curve analysis showed sensitivity of 0.59, specificity of 0.84, and AUC of 0.71 in discriminating F0 from F1–4 (HCV genotype-1b-infected patients). The level of anti-GA2 Abs before Peg-IFN/RBV treatment was significantly higher in nonsustained viral response (non-SVR) to treatment than in SVR ( ). ROC analysis showed sensitivity of 0.62, specificity of 0.70, and AUC of 64. Correlations of AG Abs to clinical parameters were found. The quantification of anti-GlcNAcβ Abs deserves attention in assessment of the hepatic damage while anti-GA2 Abs may be a sign of immune response related to the antiviral treatment.
GETTING CARDIOGENIC SHOCK PATIENTS TO THE RIGHT PLACE AND THE RIGHT TEAM: HOW INITIAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT TRIAGE DECISIONS IMPACT PROCESSES OF CARE AND OUTCOMES

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is an emergent medical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. While much attention has focused on the survival benefits associated with timely utilization of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), little is known
Abdominal Displacement Ventilation: An Effective Intervention for Sedation-Induced Hypoxia.

Background Sedation for bronchoscopy at times causes hypoxia. The application of positive pressure ventilation for sedation-induced hypoxia often requires cessation of the bronchoscopy. In contrast, ventilation effected via cyclical abdominal compression, if effective, would allow bronchoscopy to proceed. Initial trials of abdominal displacement ventilation (ADV) proved successful. This report documents extended experience with ADV. Objective To evaluate and report the efficacy and applicability of ADV in the setting of sedation-induced hypoxia for consecutive patients over an extended interval. Methods Based upon its initial efficacy, ADV had been incorporated into the standard approach to sedation-induced hypoxia. We retrospectively reviewed all bronchoscopies performed by interventional pulmonary over a 12-month interval. Management and efficacy of every episode of sedation-induced hypoxia were documented. Results Over the study interval, 893 bronchoscopies had been performed, with sedation-induced hypoxia occurring in 38 (4%). ADV was possible in 37 of the 38 patients. In every case, ADV was effective and allowed completion of the procedure. There were no adverse effects. Conclusion ADV is a simple, effective, noninvasive approach to sedation-induced hypoxia that effects adequate ventilation and allows safe continuance of procedures.
Kinetic Modeling of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate Metabolism in the Human Brain

Kinetic modeling of the in vivo pyruvate-to-lactate conversion is crucial to investigating aberrant cancer metabolism that demonstrates Warburg effect modifications. Non-invasive detection of alterations to metabolic flux might offer prognostic value and improve the monitoring of response to treatment. In this clinical research project, hyperpolarized [1–13C] pyruvate was intravenously injected in a total of 10 brain tumor patients to measure its rate of conversion to lactate ( ${k}_{{\textit {PL}}}$ ) and bicarbonate ( ${k}_{{\textit {PB}}}$ ) via echo-planar imaging. Our aim was to investigate new methods to provide ${k}_{{\textit {PL}}}$ and ${k}_{{\textit {PB}}}$ maps with whole-brain coverage. The approach was data-driven and addressed two main issues: selecting the optimal model for fitting our data and determining an appropriate goodness-of-fit metric. The statistical analysis suggested that an input-less model had the best agreement with the data. It was also found that selecting voxels based on post-fitting error criteria provided improved precision and wider spatial coverage compared to using signal-to-noise cutoffs alone.
Use, Modify, Create: Comparing Computational Thinking Lesson Progressions for STEM Classes

Computational Thinking (CT) is being infused into curricula in a variety of core K-12 STEM courses. As these topics are being introduced to students without prior programming experience and are potentially taught by instructors unfamiliar with programming and CT, appropriate lesson design might help support both students and teachers. "Use-Modify-Create" (UMC), a CT lesson progression, has students ease into CT topics by first "Using" a given artifact, "Modifying" an existing one, and then eventually "Creating" new ones. While studies have presented lessons adopting and adapting this progression and advocating for its use, few have focused on evaluating UMC's pedagogical effectiveness and claims. We present a comparison study between two CT lesson progressions for middle school science classes. Students participated in a 4-day activity focused on developing an agent-based simulation in a block-based programming environment. While some classrooms had students develop code on days 2-4, others used a scaffolded lesson plan modeled after the UMC framework. Through analyzing student's exit tickets, classroom observations, and teacher interviews, we illustrate differences in perception of assignment difficulty from both the students and teachers, as well as student perception of artifact "ownership" between conditions.
Simulation optimization approach for patient scheduling at destination medical centers

Abstract This study presents a simulation optimization approach for scheduling medical tourists who travel to destination medical centers (DMCs). The objective of this research is two-fold: (1) to minimize deviations from a patient's preferred start day and (2) to minimize the flow time of patients at the DMC. The duration of treatment is considered uncertain, and patients are scheduled over a multiday scheduling window. This problem is modeled as a flow-shop scheduling problem (FSP) where each patient should undergo a specific number of stages to complete treatment. The goal is to assign patients to different days within the time horizon such that the minimum deviation from the patient's preferred start day and the minimum average patient flow time are achieved. Due to the complex and stochastic nature of the problem, the simulation-optimization approach is used. This approach includes simulation evaluation at each iteration of the optimization procedure. The optimization procedures used in this research are tabu search (TS) and simulated annealing (SA). Finally, several test problems are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed simulation optimization approach. Based on our results, the total cost of the proposed model is significantly less than that of the problem without any admission planning and patient sequencing.
Racial Disparities in the Clinical Presentation and Prognosis of Patients with Mycosis Fungoides

Abstract Objective Racial and gender disparities in mycosis fungoides (MF) are understudied. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that worse prognosis in blacks with MF is mediated by higher disease stage at diagnosis and by earlier disease onset in black females. Methods We conducted retrospective chart review of 337 patients with clinically-suspected MF seen at Johns Hopkins between 2003 and 2018, requiring biopsy-proven disease for study inclusion. Patient demographics, initial stage/percent body surface area (BSA) involvement, pathology type, flow cytometry results, and treatment regimens were recorded. Results Of 303 patients with confirmed MF, 166 (55%) were white, 107 (35%) black, 10 (3.3%) Middle Eastern, 6 (2.0%) Asian, and 14 (4.6%) Hispanic/other. Blacks were 3 times as likely (95% CI: 1.2, 8.0) to have Stage 2 disease to have Stage 2 disease at diagnosis as compared to whites as whites. In females, blacks were younger at diagnosis (p = 0.003) and at death (p = 0.008) compared to whites. In males, blacks had 4 times the odds of late-stage disease (p = 0.017) and presented with 19% greater BSA involvement on average compared to whites (p Conclusions Compared to their white counterparts in this cohort, black males were diagnosed with MF at a higher stage with greater skin involvement while black females were diagnosed and died earlier. Earlier recognition of MF in skin of color and closer follow-up of black females with early-onset, aggressive disease may help to mitigate disparities in outcomes.
A Bayesian multivariate meta‐analysis of prevalence data

When conducting a meta-analysis involving prevalence data for an outcome with several subtypes, each of them is typically analyzed separately using a univariate meta-analysis model. Recently, multivariate meta-analysis models have been shown to correspond to a decrease in bias and variance for multiple correlated outcomes compared with univariate meta-analysis, when some studies only report a subset of the outcomes. In this article, we propose a novel Bayesian multivariate random effects model to account for the natural constraint that the prevalence of any given subtype cannot be larger than that of the overall prevalence. Extensive simulation studies show that this new model can reduce bias and variance when estimating subtype prevalences in the presence of missing data, compared with standard univariate and multivariate random effects models. The data from a rapid review on occupation and lower urinary tract symptoms by the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Research Consortium are analyzed as a case study to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence and several incontinence subtypes among women in suspected high risk work environments.
Turning Rights into Ballots: The Uneven Integration of Women into Electoral Politics after Suffrage

After a more than seven-decade battle, American women secured the right to vote in August 1920. The struggle for women to have a voice in elections was not over, however. The Nineteenth Amendment states that “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” The amendment gives Congress the power to enforce the law by appropriate legislation. It does not, however, empower or charge any government office or actor with ensuring that women can and do cast ballots. This article argues that this reality, often taken for granted, has serious implications for both the incorporation of women into the electorate and the representation of their political interests.
A Visible Functional Grasp to Measure the Complete Hand

Glove and tools are designed to protect our hands, but manufacturers are limited by the available anthropometric hand data, which fails to reflect functional measurement changes of the hand while performing tasks. Advancements in 3D scanning technology have improved the ability to capture data, but minimal research has focused on capturing functional hand dimensions. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive protocol to capture the dorsal and palmar side of the hand in functional positions across a large population using the Artec Leo. The development of this protocol considered the following elements; scanning technology, hand positions, hand support apparatuses, scanning platforms, and standardization across a population. Two functional hand positions, splayed and grasp, were selected based on clear visibility of the palmar side. The protocol and final scans contributed to a robust anthropometric database to improve the design, fit, and function of products for hands.
PROMs Beyond the Penis: A Letter to the Editor on the Article by Pigot et al

Abstract We congratulate the authors of "Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery Without Urethral Lengthening in Transgender Men-A Clinical Follow-Up Study on the Surgical and Urological Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction" for their investigation into sexual health after penile reconstruction in transgender men. The majority of their cohort have chosen to preserve the vaginal canal, and this may impact sexual function. We encourage future research to study this aspect of sexual health. Blasdel G, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. PROMs Beyond the Penis: A Letter to the Editor on the Article by Pigot et al. J Sex Med 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
Characteristics and outcomes for defendants charged with misdemeanors referred for court-ordered competency evaluations.

Recent research has suggested nationwide increases in the rates of referral for competence to stand trial (CST) evaluations across the United States. Many of these evaluations are for defendants charged only with misdemeanor offenses and for whom diversion programs are most appropriate. The present study was designed to analyze the characteristics of, and re-arrest outcomes for, defendants charged with misdemeanors ordered to undergo CST evaluations in a large metropolitan area. Overall, there was a high base rate of incompetent to stand trial (IST) opinions (over 70% of defendants) in this sample, with the greatest impairments in rational understanding and ability to assist counsel. Defendants opined IST were more likely to have a psychotic disorder, a history of psychiatric hospitalization, and greater abnormalities in thought content relative to their competent counterparts. Of concern, defendants opined IST, and especially those referred for crisis evaluations upon dismissal of the charges, were significantly more likely to be re-arrested than their counterparts. These data support the criminalization hypothesis, suggesting that criminal justice involvement for this subset of defendants inappropriately reflects psychiatric instability, supporting the need for more options for inpatient and outpatient treatment to effectively intervene in this process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Associations between inpatient psychiatric admissions during pregnancy and adverse obstetrical and birth outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Previous research supports an association between psychiatric diagnoses and adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes including low birthweight, preterm birth, and preeclampsia. Women who are admitted for inpatient psychiatric care are regarded as having more acute illnesses than those who are able to be managed as outpatients. Previous research has not yet investigated how the severity of psychiatric illness, as indicated by type of antenatal psychiatric care received, is associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study examines whether the rates of adverse birth and obstetrical outcomes vary with the type of antenatal psychiatric care received when psychiatric care is indicated. STUDY DESIGN: Using a retrospective, observational design, information about women who gave birth between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2016 was captured from electronic medical records. Women were grouped as follows: (1) those who received antepartum inpatient psychiatric treatment (n=148), (2) those with documented psychiatric history without antepartum inpatient treatment (n=301), and (3) those with no documented psychiatric history or antepartum treatment (n=301). Linear and logistic regression predicted the odds of birth and obstetrical outcomes including gestational age at birth, birthweight, mode of delivery, time to delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and 5-minute Apgar score. Measured covariates included maternal age, race, parity, body mass index, maternal medical comorbidities, smoking tobacco, gestational age at first prenatal visit, and psychotropic medication use during pregnancy. RESULTS: Women with a psychiatric history, despite receiving any type of antepartum psychiatric care, had higher rates of adverse outcomes than women without documented psychiatric history. However, women who received antepartum inpatient psychiatric care had longer gestational lengths (38.05±3.0 vs 37.19±4.23 weeks [P CONCLUSION: Receiving antepartum inpatient psychiatric care may promote positive birth outcomes for women with acutely severe psychiatric conditions.
Association of Psychological Resilience With Healthy Lifestyle and Body Weight in Young Adulthood

Abstract Purpose Childhood adversity is associated with adverse health outcomes, in part owing to its effects on healthy lifestyle. We examined whether psychological resilience to adversity may promote healthier behaviors and body weight in young adulthood. Methods Data are from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of young adults (n = 3,767) who are children of participants of the Nurses' Health Study II, a separate longitudinal cohort. After characterizing psychological resilience as per levels of adversity exposure before the age of 18 years and young adult psychological health (defined by a composite of low psychological distress and high positive affect), we derived a categorical measure by cross-classifying adversity (exposed vs. unexposed) and psychological health (high vs. lower). We considered five outcomes self-reported at baseline (2010) and five years later: healthy body weight and four healthy lifestyle components including being a nonsmoker, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, and healthy diet. Poisson regression models evaluated associations of each outcome with psychological resilience, comparing psychologically resilient individuals with those who were not resilient or who were unexposed to adversity, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results We did not identify differences between psychologically resilient individuals and those unexposed to adversity who were psychologically healthy with respect to meeting recommendations for most healthy lifestyle components and associations were largely stable over time. Across most outcomes, nonresilient individuals were less likely to be healthy relative to resilient individuals. Conclusions Psychological resilience may disrupt negative effects of childhood adversity on having a healthy lifestyle in young adulthood.
Abstract WP443: KLF2 Protects Against Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Endothelial Blood Brain Barrier Function

Background During an ischemic stroke normal brain endothelial function is abrogated resulting in blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown with subsequent infiltration of activated inflammatory blood cel...
Geospatial Standards and the Knowledge Generation Lifescycle

Standards play an essential role at each stage in the sequence of processes by which knowledge is generated from geoscience observations, simulations and analysis. This paper provides an introduction to the field of informatics and the knowledge generation lifecycle in the context of the geosciences. In addition we discuss how the newly formed Earth Science Informatics Technical Committee is helping to advance the application of standards and best practices to make data and data systems more usable and interoperable.
Acetyl-coenzyme A: arylamine N-acetyltransferase. Role of the acetyl-enzyme intermediate and the effects of substituents on the rate.

The reactions of p-nitroacetanilide and p-nitrophenyl acetate with aromatic and aliphatic amines catalyzed by a partially purified preparation of acetyl-coenzyme A:arylamine acetyltransferase follow "ping-pong" kinetics. At a given concentration of p-nitroacetanilide the identical maximum velocities observed for five substituted anilines, semicarbazide, hydroxylamine, and hydrazine, suggest that these reactions proceed through the rate-determining formation of a common acetyl-enzyme intermediate which reacts with the acceptor amine in a fast step. The maximum velocities are directly proportional to the p-nitroacetanilide concentration. p-Nitrophenyl acetate is the most active acyl donor substrate known for the enzyme, with a maximum velocity approximately 140-fold larger than that of acetyl-CoA. With weakly basic anilines the maximum velocity is different for different acyl acceptors, suggesting that with these substrates the reaction of the acetyl-enzyme intermediate with the acceptor amine is rate determining and that the saturation with increasing amine concentration represents binding of the acceptor amine to the acyl-enzyme. With strongly basic anilines the maximum velocities and the Km for p-nitrophenyl acetate are identical, within experimental error, for all anilines; this is interpreted as evidence for a change to rate-determining acylation of the enzyme with these more reactive nucleophiles. The increase in reactivity with increasing aniline basicity suggests the development of a partial positive charge on the attacking nitrogen atom, which may be accompanied by a relatively small degree of proton removal by a general base catalyst. It is suggested that the wide variation in the sensitivity of enzyme-catalyzed acyl transfer reactions to the basicity of the nucleophile or leaving group reflects different degrees of proton removal or addition by general acid-base catalysts in the transition state.
The Sequence of Swallowing Events During the Chin-Down Posture

Purpose This study investigated the effect of the chin-down posture on the sequence of swallowing events in healthy adults. Method Sixteen healthy participants performed 45 5-ml thin liquid swallow...
Reaction of a Specific Tyrosine Residue of Papain with Diisopropylfluorophosphate

Abstract Diisopropylfluorophosphate reacts with mercuripapain, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol-activated mercuripapain, and unactivated native papain with the incorporation of a maximum of 1 mole of phosphate per mole of protein. This alkylphosphorylation does not inhibit the potential activity of mercuripapain but does result in about 50% inhibition of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol-activated mercuripapain. The stoichiometric reactions of diisopropyl-1,3-14C-fluorophosphate and 32P-diisopropylfluorophosphate, respectively, with native and mercuripapain both occur at tyrosyl residue 123, with the formation of an O-diisopropylphosphoryl-l-tyrosyl residue.
An Empirical Examination of Entry Patterns in Local Telephone Markets

In this analysis we examine the market entry patterns of new local telephone companies. We construct and estimate a multinomial logit model using information describing numbering code distribution within local telephone markets and the associated income, density, and regulatory characteristics of these markets. Our findings support the conventional wisdom that facilities-based entry by new local competitors is more likely to occur in large urban telephone markets. In addition, we present evidence that, with the exception of territories served by Ameritech, entry is more likely to occur in Bell Operating Company service territories.
NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue: More than Just an Empty Shell?

For those interested in issues of security in the Mediterranean region, NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue offers numerous elements of potentially great interest. First of all, NATO, after representing ...
(n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate the Expression of Functionally Associated Molecules on Human Monocytes in Vitro

Diets rich in (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with suppression of the immune system, but the mechanisms are unclear. Specific immune responses are initiated by antigen-presenting cells. This study examines the in vitro effect of the (n-3) PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the expression of cell surface molecules required for normal antigen-presenting cell function on human blood monocytes. Monocytes were incubated with or without EPA or DHA for 48 h at 37 degrees C. Following incubation, expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ) and adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and leucocyte function associated antigen-1] was quantified by flow cytometry. In the presence of EPA alone there was a significantly lower median intensity of expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 relative to incubations without EPA. In contrast, significantly greater median intensities of expression of HLA-DR and -DP were observed following incubation with DHA. In parallel experiments, where monocytes were simultaneously activated by the addition of interferon-gamma to the cultures, median expression intensities of HLA-DR, -DP and ICAM-1 were significantly lower in the presence of either EPA or DHA compared with incubations without the (n-3) PUFA. These findings support previous animal studies that suggest that (n-3) PUFA can influence immune reactivity by modulating antigen-presenting cell function.
(Un)Defining resilience: subjective understandings of ‘resilience’ from the field

This introduction addresses the rise of ‘resilience thinking’ in development practice and argues that though scholars and practitioners have sought to define and measure the term resilience the concept is neither fixed nor self-evident. We argue that this lack of ontological coherence unexpectedly makes resilience more productive as an object of inquiry than it would be if it were reduced to a standardised analytical framework or technical object. In the article, we draw on our experiences with a multi-case participatory, community-based research project oriented at uncovering subjective understandings of resilience. These different cases are featured in the articles in this special issue; in the introduction we bring them together to argue that paying attention to the grounded and embedded processes of meaning-making around resilience reveals not only the ambiguity and place-specificity of the concept but also exposes the contradictions inherent in many resilience-oriented interventions.
Procedures for testing urine specimens dried on filter paper.

Procedures have been described for testing for phenylpyruvic acid, sugars, protein, and chondroitin sulfuric acid in urine dried on filter paper. Additional paper chromatographic methods for identification of phenylalanine, -hydroxyphenylacetic acid, glucose, and galactose have been described.
A technique for the isolation of bovine luteal cells and its application to metabolic studies of luteal cells in vitro.

Homogeneous populations of luteal cells were obtained from slices of bovine corpus luteum by treatment with a crude preparation of collagenase and hyaluronidase followed by trypsin and DNAse. Cell recovery was about 20% as determined by protein and DNA assays. Viability of recovered cells was greater than 90% as judged by the trypan blue exclusion test. No gross change in cellular structure took place during the isolation procedure and the cell membrane remained intact. The free cells were able to incorporate 3H leucine into proteins at a constant rate for at least 18 hr. The isolated luteal cells were sensitive to luteinizing hormone (LH). In the presence of LH, 3.3 × 10-13M (10 pg/ml), the secretion of progestins was measurably enhanced. The secretion was linear as a function of time (3 hr in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution) and maximal stimulation was obtained at 3.3 × 10-9M (100 ng/ml). This preparation can thus be used to study the long term effects of LH on the metabolism of luteal cells in vitro....
Terminal cross-linking of DNA strands by a mixture of exonuclease III of Escherichia coli and polynucleotide ligase of bacteriophage T4.

Abstract Bacteriophage T4-infected cells contain an enzyme system that catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of complementary DNA strands at the end of a duplex. Reconstruction experiments with extracts of a bacterial mutant indicate that exonuclease III of Escherichia coli is an essential component of that system. The reaction is also catalyzed by a mixture of purified exonuclease III and T4 polynucleotide ligase. Kinetic studies support the following mechanism: exonuclease III digests the 3′-end of one strand until it exposes a sequence of two or three nucleotides complementary to the 5′-end of the sister strand; base-pairing then creates a terminal loop of single-stranded DNA (the cross-link) and apposes the ends for covalent joining by polynucleotide ligase.
Dendritic organization of actin comet tails.

Abstract Polymerization of actin filaments is necessary for both protrusion of the leading edge of crawling cells and propulsion of certain intracellular pathogens [1], and it is sufficient for generating force for bacterial motility in vitro [2]. Motile intracellular pathogens are associated with actin-rich comet tails containing many of the same molecular components present in lamellipodia [3], and this suggests that these two systems use a similar mechanism for motility. However, available structural evidence suggests that the organization of comet tails differs from that of lamellipodia. Actin filaments in lamellipodia form branched arrays [4], which are thought to arise by dendritic nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex [5, 6]. In contrast, comet tails have been variously described as consisting of short, randomly oriented filaments [7], with a higher degree of alignment at the periphery [8], or as containing long, straight axial filaments with a small number of oblique filaments [9]. Because the assembly of pathogen-associated comet tails has been used as a model system for lamellipodial protrusion, it is important to resolve this apparent discrepancy. Here, using a platinum replica approach, we show that actin filament arrays in comet tails in fact have a dendritic organization with the Arp2/3 complex localizing to Y-junctions as in lamellipodia [10]. Thus, comet tails and lamellipodia appear to share a common dendritic nucleation mechanism for protrusive motility. However, comet tails differ from lamellipodia in that their actin filaments are usually twisted and appear to be under significant torsional stress.
An extended organic carbon-isotope record across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract New lithologic and organic carbon-isotope data are presented for the Triassic–Jurassic boundary section at Kennecott Point, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. The previously reported Late Norian to earliest Hettangian record is extended by over 130 m, and three new isotopic features are revealed. The record now shows a negative offset in baseline carbon isotope values from approximately − 29‰ in the Late Norian to − 31‰ in the Hettangian. This offset is accompanied by the previously reported 2‰ negative excursion at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary and a 5‰ positive excursion in the early Hettangian. There is a significant long-term negative isotopic trend in the Hettangian interval of the section, which may be due to CAMP volcanism. The positive excursion is attributed to a decline in bio-calcification as well as changes in microbial ecology, both related to the mass extinction at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary.
Comparison of ASR-11 and ASR-9 surveillance radar azimuth error

To ensure aviation safety, air traffic safety agencies have required minimum aircraft separation standards. Currently, the FAA requires a minimum separation of 3 nautical miles (NM) when aircraft are within 40 NM of an air traffic control surveillance radar and a separation of 5 NM when aircraft are located beyond 40 NM from the radar. At the same time, the FAA permits a separation of 3 NM out to 60 NM for single sensor terminal systems using an ASR-9 Mode S MSSR. The ASR-9 Mode S and ASR-11 Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar (MSSR) are similar monopulse systems and the 40 NM limit on terminal separation minima for the ASR-11 may be unnecessarily restrictive. In this paper, we seek to determine if there are any differences in radar azimuth performance between the ASR-9 Mode S and the ASR-11 at ranges of 40 to 60 NM. To perform this analysis we implement a method that estimates radar error from raw time-stamped range and azimuth reports of aircraft flying through the airspace (targets of opportunity). The method filters the data to extract radar reports from aircraft traveling at nearly constant heading, velocity and altitude, and then utilizes knowledge of the aircraft dynamics to accurately estimate the true aircraft position. Our analysis employs a reference system approach comparing the performance of the alternative system, the ASR-11, against the performance of the approved legacy system, the ASR-9 Mode S, to determine if the alternative system's performance is equivalent or better.
The Racial Politics of Youth Crime

This article examines the social and political origins of the shift towards more punitive sanctions in the juvenile justice system. I argue that “get tough” legislation targets Black and Latino youth specifically and generates support by playing on public anxieties about race and crime. The following content analysis demonstrates how the coded language and discourse of California Proposition 21 of 2000 racialized youth crime. The larger goal of this study is to shed light on how race and crime remain so closely connected in the American conscience.
Convergence of the alternating minimization algorithm for blind deconvolution

Abstract Blind deconvolution refers to the image processing task of restoring the original image from a blurred version without the knowledge of the blurring function. One approach that has been proposed recently [T. Chan, C. Wong, IEEE Trans. Image Process. 7 (1998) 370–375; Y. You, M. Kaveh, IEEE Trans. Image Process. 5 (1996) 416–428] is a joint minimization model in which an objective function is set up consisting of three terms: the data fitting term, and the regularization terms for the image and the blur. This model implicitly defines a one-parameter family of blurred images and point spread functions (PSFs), from which the user can decide, usually using additional information, which is the “best” restored image. To find a local minimum of the objective function, we use an alternating minimization (AM) procedure [Y. You, M. Kaveh, IEEE Trans. Image Process. 5 (1996) 416–428] in which we fix either the blur or the image and minimize respect to the other variable, each step of which is a standard non-blind deconvolution problem. While the model is not convex and thus allows multiple solutions, we have found that the AM procedure always converges globally, but with the converged solution depending on the initial guess. In this paper, we give an analysis of the AM procedure which explains the convergence behavior and the observed robustness of the method.
Platelets, Fatty Acids and Thrombosis

The sodium salts of stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were added to human washed platelet suspensions and platelet-rich citrated plasma. Aggregation of the platelets was measured microscopically and with a turbidimetric method. All of the fatty acids had the ability to produce aggregation when added to washed platelets, but stearic acid, a long-chain saturated fatty acid, was more potent than were the unsaturated acids when added to platelet-rich plasma. Aggregation of platelets by fatty acids required the presence of calcium ions and the aggregation was irreversible. The addition of albumin diminished the aggregating effects of fatty acids, but microscopic aggregates still formed in most instances. Subnormal aggregation was noted when sodium stearate was added to platelet-rich plasma from a patient with a severe deficiency of factor XII (Hageman factor). Thus, fatty acids are now known to have two potential thrombogenic effects: platelet aggregation and the activation of clotting factors involved in the early stages of blood coagulation.
Effect of gibberellic acid on pod set in soybean

Field-grown soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Evans) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3; 10gl−1) and/or (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (CCC; 0.8gl−1) in 1983 and 1984, and subsequent anthesis, pod set, seed size, seed number, and seed yield were determined at one node. The treatments were applied to five leaves in the center of each plant (typically leaves 7–11) and reproductive development at the node in the center of those leaves was monitored. Gibberellin A3 applied “Early” (about 3d before anthesis of the first flower at the monitored node) had no effect on the number of flowers produced, but decreased the fraction of flowers that set pods in both experimental years (by 32% in 1983 and 76% in 1984). Seed size was slightly decreased by the GA3 treatment in 1983 but not in 1984. The “Middle” GA3 treatment (applied about 3 days after the “Early” treatment) slightly decreased the number of pods set; and “Late” treatments (9 days after) had no effect. None of the monitored parameters were affected by CCC. The “Early” experiments were repeated with two additional genotypes, Lincoln and T210. Genotype T210 is a single-gene, dwarf mutant of Lincoln whose stem elongation and leaf expansion are insensitive to GA3. Gibberellin A3 affected the reproductive parameters in Lincoln very similarly to Evans but those in T210 were unaffected. This indicates that GA3 exerts its effect by increasing the mass of vegetative tissue and thus diverting assimilates away from the pods. However, since the mutation in T210 might affect a receptor that is in flowers as well as shoots, it is possible that GA3 exerted its effect on the normal genotypes directly on the developing pods, rather than indirectly by diverting photoassimilates.
Intracellular Dynamics of Lysosomes Following the Disruption of Lysosome Associated Membrane Proteins (LAMP)

The intracellular degradation of extracellular cargo is a process crucial to maintaining cellular health. In the classic model, degradation occurs inside the lysosome. However an alternative pathway has been proposed in which degradation occurs inside the late endosome, with the lysosome serving as an enzyme-storage vesicle. To test this new model, we have disrupted two key lysosomal proteins, LAMP1 and 2, in intact live cells using endoglycosidase H (Endo H). Following Endo H treatment, lysosome mobility was measured using live cell imaging and single particle tracking. Enzymatic activity was measured using fluorogenic substrates. We found that Endo H treatment alters the morphology and mobility of the lysosome and leads to alternate degradation pathways within the cell.
Constrained Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes for Adaptive Waveform Scheduling

The dynamic programming approach is applied to a partially observed constrained Markov decision process problem with both total cost and probabilistic criteria. The Markov decision process is partially observed, but it is assumed that the constraint costs are available to the controller, i.e., they are fully observed. The problem is motivated by an adaptive sequential detection application. The application of the dynamic programming results to optimal adaptive truncated sequential detection is demonstrated using examples involving the optimization of radar detection processes.
Talents and Disorders - Relationships Among Handedness, Sex, and College Major

One-hundred and nine consistent left- and right-handers participated in an experiment investigating the role of Handedness, Sex, and College Major in predicting spatial talents, verbal problems, immune disorders, allergies, and myopia. Left-handers had poor verbal ability. Males in spatial majors (requiring extensive math) had high spatial ability and poor verbal ability. Left-handed males in spatial majors had high spatial ability, poor verbal ability, an elevated incidence of asthma, and a marginally higher incidence of myopia. No trade-off between spatial and verbal ability was found. Results provide qualified support for Geschwind and Galaburda's (1987) hypothesis of the "Pathology of Superiority."
Perception of Shared Visual Space: Establishing Common Ground in Real and Virtual Environments

When people have visual access to the same space, judgments of this shared visual space (shared vista) can facilitate communication and collaboration. This study establishes baseline performance on a shared vista task in real environments and draws comparisons with performance in visually immersive virtual environments. Participants indicated which parts of the scene were visible to an assistant or avatar (simulated person used in virtual environments) and which parts were occluded by a nearby building. Errors increased with increasing distance between the participant and the assistant out to 15 m, and error patterns were similar between real and virtual environments. This similarity is especially interesting given recent reports that environmental geometry is perceived differently in virtual environments than in real environments.
Computer simulation of radiation-induced nanostructure formation in amorphous materials

In this study, 3D simulations based on a theoretical model were developed to investigate radiation-induced nanostructure formation in amorphous materials. Model variables include vacancy production and recombination rates, ion sputtering effects, and redeposition of sputtered atoms. In addition, a phase field model was developed to predict vacancy diffusion as a function of free energies of mixing and interfacial energies. The distribution profile of the vacancy production rate along the depth of an irradiated matrix was considered as a near Gaussian approximation according to Monte-Carlo TRIM code calculations. Dynamic processes responsible for nanostructure evolution were simulated by updating the vacancy concentration profile over time. Simulated morphologies include cellular nanoholes, nanowalls, nanovoids, and nanofibers, with the resultant morphology dependant upon the incident ion species and ion fluence. These simulated morphologies are consistent with experimental observations achieved under comparable experimental conditions. Our model provides a distinct numerical approach to accurately predicting morphological results for ion-irradiation-induced nanostructures.
Being Pursued Online: Applying Cyberlifestyle–Routine Activities Theory to Cyberstalking Victimization

Building upon Eck and Clarke’s (2003) ideas for explaining crimes in which there is no face-to-face contact between victims and offenders, the authors developed an adapted lifestyle–routine activit...
Extracellular matrix receptors in branched organs

Organ branching morphogenesis is a complex process that requires many coordinated cell functions, including cell migration, proliferation, and polarization. This process is regulated at numerous levels, including spatial and temporal expression of transcription factors and their regulators; growth factors and their receptors; as well as cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions. Integrins and dystroglycan are transmembrane receptors that control both the adhesion of cells to matrix components as well as transduction of signaling coming from and directed to the matrix. In this article we review current advances defining the roles of these receptors in branching morphogenesis focusing on the major epithelial cell derived structures in mammals, namely salivary gland, mammary gland, lung, pancreas, and kidney.
False neurochemical transmitters and response to tyramine in reserpine pretreated preparations.

Abstract The pressor action of tyramine, shown by Carlsson et al . (3) to be absent in animals treated with reserpine, is restored by infusion of norepinephrine (N.E.). This restoration is believed to be due to a “refilling” of exogenous N.E. of the previously depleted stores and subsequent release by tyramine of the stored N.E. Several workers (4,7) suggested that foreign amines derived from 1-methyl dopa and 1-methyl-m-tyrosine may replace N.E. in its storage sites and be released by nerve stimulation as “false neurochemical transmitters.” This hypothesis has been supported by the demonstration that N.E. (11) and metaraminol (6) accumulate in the tissues and are released by sympathetic nerve stimulation in the same ratio as found in the tissue. The present study was undertaken to study the effect of “refilling” of previously depleted N.E. stores by so-called “false neurotransmitters” on the response to tyramine in reserpine pretreated preparations.