cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics of TGFβ-induced epithelial- mesenchymal transition: implications for fibrosis and cancer

Fibrosis, a disease that results in loss of organ function, contributes to a significant number of deaths worldwide and sustained fibrotic activation has been suggested to increase the risk of developing cancer in a variety of tissues. Fibrogenesis and tumor progression are regulated in part through the activation and activity of myofibroblasts. Increasing evidence links myofibroblasts found within fibrotic lesions and the tumor microenvironment to a process termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenotypic change in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics. EMT can be stimulated by soluble signals, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and recent studies have identified a role for mechanical cues in directing EMT. In this review, we describe the role that EMT plays in fibrogenesis and in the progression of cancer, with particular emphasis placed on biophysical signaling mechanisms that control the EMT program. We further describe specific TGFβ-induced intracellular signaling cascades that are affected by cell- and tissue-level mechanics. Finally, we highlight the implications of mechanical induction of EMT on the development of treatments and targeted intervention strategies for fibrosis and cancer.
Synthetic and computational modeling of the vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases

Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases that catalyze the halogenation of organic substrates using hydrogen peroxide to oxidize halides are a rare class of enzymes which have an absolute requirement for vanadium. In this article, we describe studies using synthetic, small-molecule analogs of the vanadium(V) active site to functionally mimic the oxidation of bromide and thioethers. In addition, we describe computational studies using density func- tional theory that help describe the mechanism of catalysis.
Molecular Pathways: Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors and Implications for Therapeutic Strategies

The development of targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. The identification of "druggable" oncogenic kinases and the creation of small-molecule inhibitors designed to specifically target these mutant kinases have become an important therapeutic paradigm across several different malignancies. Often these inhibitors induce dramatic clinical responses in molecularly defined cohorts. However, resistance to such targeted therapies is an inevitable consequence of this therapeutic approach. Resistance can be either primary (de novo) or acquired. Mechanisms leading to primary resistance may be categorized as tumor intrinsic factors or as patient/drug-specific factors. Acquired resistance may be mediated by target gene modification, activation of "bypass tracks" that serve as compensatory signaling loops, or histologic transformation. This brief review is a snapshot of the complex problem of therapeutic resistance, with a focus on resistance to kinase inhibitors in EGF receptor mutant and ALK rearranged non-small cell lung cancer, BRAF-mutant melanoma, and BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. We describe specific mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance and then review emerging strategies to delay or overcome drug resistance.
Empirical results on the relationship between die yield and cycle time in semiconductor wafer fabrication

A negative correlation between die yield and cycle time is frequently hypothesized for semiconductor wafer fabrication. Methods that aggregate die yield and cycle time statistics over time are shown to exaggerate correlation coefficients. A lot-by-lot analysis of die yield and cycle time data from four volume manufacturing facilities is performed. The results indicate that the correlation coefficient is often statistically insignificant. Where the correlation coefficient is significant, outlying data points are checked for assignable causes and removed pending proper explanation. In addition, statistical models regressing die yield on cycle time are poor, and thus should not be used as the basis of decision-making in production control.
Low-Cost Radio-over-Fiber links

Radio-over-fiber links based on directly modulated lasers for low-cost designs are reviewed. Multimode fiber transmission with VCSELs is promising and is focused on. Key system aspects are investigated and RF transmission over long distances is demonstrated.
Consolidating software tools for DNA microarray design and manufacturing

As the human genome project progresses and some microbial and eukaryotic genomes are recognized, a novel technology, DNA microarray (also called gene chip, biochip, gene microarray, and DNA chip) technology, has attracted increasing number of biologists, bioengineers and computer scientists recently. This technology promises to monitor the whole genome at once, so that researchers can study the whole genome on the global level and have a better picture of the expressions among millions of genes simultaneously. Today, it is widely used in many fields - disease diagnosis, gene classification, gene regulatory network, and drug discovery. We present a concatenated software solution for the entire DNA array flow exploring all steps of a consolidated software tool. The proposed software tool has been tested on Herpes B virus as well as simulated data. Our experiments show that the genomic data follow the pattern predicted by simulated data although the number of border conflicts (quality of the DNA array design) is several times smaller than for simulated data. We also report a trade-off between the number of border conflicts and the running time for several proposed algorithmic techniques employed in the physical design of DNA arrays.
The Contribution of Child Anger and Fear, and Parental Discipline to Early Antisocial Behavior: An Integrative Model

This chapter examines how parental discipline, child propensities to displays of anger and fear, and child frontal executive inhibition and verbal skills additively and synergistically contribute to overt (aggressive) and covert (sneaky) forms of antisocial behavior. Overt and covert forms of antisocial behavior emerge on different developmental timetables and result from both common and unique sets of variables and variable combinations. Covert antisocial behaviors such as stealing and lying are associated with harsh and angry parental discipline, good child verbal skills and their interaction. Overt antisocial behaviors such as aggression and defiance are associated with parental nattering and inconsistent discipline, especially in the context of poor child frontal inhibition, and low child fear. The chapter exemplifies models which describe development in ways that integrate children’s socialization, emotion expression, and capacity for behavior and emotion regulation.
Transient Heat Releases from Offshore Nuclear Plants

A numerical predictive model for plants floating in semi-enclosed breakwater basins has been developed. The model structure is provided by the significant vertical stratification which occurs within the breakwater basin during heat releases. Auxiliary dynamic equations are formulated for the processes of jet entrainment at the discharge, stratified flow through the breakwater openings, selective withdrawal at the submerged intakes and heat dissipation to the atmosphere. Model predictions have been compared with the results of experiments simulating constant heat releases, transient heat releases and variable tidal conditions, respectively, and satisfactory agreement has been found. The predictive model has been used to evaluatee plant and breakwater design options for a proposed floating nuclear plant, the Atlantic Generating Station. The predictions demonstrate the importance of the stratified flow through the breakwater openings as the dominant ultimate heat sink mechanism, with surface heat dissipation playing a secondary role.
Are SUVmax ratios of cancerous lesions to normal liver in patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma gender dependent? A PET/CT and 18F-FDG study

1406 Objectives Recent studies have shown the existence of possible differences in cancer developments between men and women potentially due to dissimilarities in hormones. In this research project, we evaluated the influence of gender on 18F-FDG uptake in cancer lesions of patients pathologically proven to suffer from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods Thirty-three consecutive PET/CT and 18F-FDG scans of newly diagnosed patients (16 F age 67.5 ±11.4 years; 17 M age 64.6 ± 7.0 years) with NHL were acquired for staging. An 18F-FDG dose proportional to each patient’s body weight (5.2 MBq/kg) was used to acquire the scans in 3 D mode on GE Discovery STE 16 slices. All scans were obtained from skull base to mid-thigh at 50-60 min. post-injection of the tracer. Regions with abnormal 18F-FDG uptake and normal right liver areas were identified and their maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) calculated. The patients were then grouped according to their gender and the hypermetabolic lesions’ SUVmax were normalized to the right lobe of the liver and analyzed using the two-tailed Student’s t test. Results The average SUVmax of cancer lesions when normalized to the right lobe of the liver in NHL males and females were 6.2 ± 1.9 and 4.9 ± 1.9, respectively. The two-tailed Student t test (p Conclusions Although the sample size used here is relatively small and a larger population group is needed to confirm these findings, this study shows that gender does play a role in the metabolism of 18F-FDG cancerous lesions in patients suffering from NHL.
The new law on occupational safety

Am 20. Marz 1981 hat das eidgenossische Parlament das Bundesgesetz uber die Unfallversicherung (UVG) verabschiedet. Es soll am 1. Januar 1983 in Kraft treten und wird dann den Zweiten Titel des Kranken- und Unfallversicherungsgesetzes (KUVG) ersetzen. Das UVG ordnet auch die Arbeitssicherheit fur alle Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer neu. Die Pflichten der Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer zur Forderung der Arbeitssicherheit werden im Vergleich zur gegenwartigen Rechtslage in einigen Punkten erweitert. Der Bundesrat wird die Durchfuhrungsbereiche der SUVA, der Eidgenossischen und der kantonalen Arbeitsinspektorate in einer Verordnung festlegen. Eine Koordinationskommission soll den zweckmassigen Einsatz dieser Durchfuhrungsorgane sicherstellen und fur die einheitliche Anwendung der Sicherheitsvorschriften in den Betrieben sorgen. Das UVG ordnet ferner die Finanzierung der Arbeitssicherheit durch einen als offentlich-rechtliche Kausalabgabe ausgestalteten Zuschlag zu den Nettopramien der Berufsunfallversicherung.
We remember Eugene : (Rabinowitch and his laboratory, during the fifties).

This article is written in memory of Eugene Rabinowitch, one of the major prophets of photosynthesis. I speak on behalf of all the students and post-doctorial associates who were fortunate to be associated with and to have loved this wonderful man. I shall also describe my research with Eugene. We all remember him on the 1995 anniversary of his death (May 15, 1973).
Exergy and Entropy Thermodynamic Concepts for Control System Design: Slewing Single Axis

This paper develops a novel control system design methodology that uniquely combines: concepts from thermodynamic exergy and entropy; Hamiltonian systems; Lyapunov’s direct method and Lyapunov optimal analysis; electric AC power concepts; and power flow analysis. Relationships are derived between exergy/entropy and Lyapunov optimal functions for Hamiltonian systems. The methodology is demonstrated with a few fundamental numerical simulation examples that are related to spacecraft gimbal regulation and slewing control: 1) a rotary mass-spring-damper dynamic system that employs PID regulator control; 2) a Dung oscillator/Coulomb friction nonlinear model that employs PID regulator control; and 3) a linear PID tracking control design for the rotary mass-spring-damper system. The control system performances are partitioned and evaluated based on exergy generation and exergy dissipation terms. This novel nonlinear control methodology results in both necessary and sucient conditions for stability of nonlinear systems.
Large Eddy Simulation of Mixing in the Outlet Plenum of a High Temperature Reactor: A Benchmark Exercise

This paper is related to the validation of the CFD codes in the frame of High Temperature Reactor studies. A code to code benchmark involving complex unsteady flows in the outlet plenum is proposed and the Large Eddy Simulation technique is retained. The paper presents the benchmark conditions, the results obtained by the Star-cd software used in Framatome-ANP and the comparison with the Trio-U code (from CEA) and the literature. It presents the advantages of such fine unsteady calculations and mainly highlights the coherence between both analyses.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Learning Tier-based Strictly 2-Local Languages

The Tier-based Strictly 2-Local (TSL2) languages are a class of formal languages which have been shown to model long-distance phonotactic generalizations in natural language (Heinz et al., 2011). This paper introduces the Tier-based Strictly 2-Local Inference Algorithm (2TSLIA), the first nonenumerative learner for the TSL2 languages. We prove the 2TSLIA is guaranteed to converge in polynomial time on a data sample whose size is bounded by a constant.
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF)

Anterior lumbar interbody fusion is an important staple in the armamentarium of spine surgeons. The benefits of an anterior lumbar approach include broad exposure of the disc space allowing for thorough discectomy, effective endplate preparation, appropriate sizing and placement of an optimal interbody graft, and anterior fixation if necessary. ALIF also has the advantage of protecting the neural elements and surrounding dura and, as a result, is a particularly attractive option in patients with prior posterior surgery. With the placement of broad interbody grafts or devices under compressive loads, ALIF imparts high fusion rates and provides an extremely rigid construct when supplemented with posterior spinal fixation. Therefore, ALIF is a potentially useful complement to fusion constructs that are under large biomechanical stresses such as in deformity surgery or complex reconstructive procedures. While there are potentially significant risks associated with an anterior approach, a variety of techniques are available and may be adopted by appropriately trained spine surgeons or performed with the assistance of experienced vascular, urologic, or general surgeons. Ultimately, decision to perform ALIF as opposed to other spinal fusion techniques is dictated by the patient’s underlying pathology, anatomy, and associated medical comorbidities paired with the surgeon’s preference, education, experience, and overall expertise.
Using a Third-Party Vendor for Off-Site Storage of Library Materials: A Case Study of the Byrne Memorial Library, Saint Xavier University

The Byrne Memorial Library at Saint Xavier University in Chicago had long exceeded its functional space for book storage and staff.1 The current facility, built in the early 1950s, was designed to hold 100,000 volumes, but by 2002, more than 171,000 volumes jammed the stacks. Books were piled on top of each other, held at the circulation desk waiting for room, and stored on windowsills and in stairwells.
Optical control of cell signaling by single-chain photoswitchable kinases

Protein kinases transduce signals to regulate a wide array of cellular functions in eukaryotes. A generalizable method for optical control of kinases would enable fine spatiotemporal interrogation or manipulation of these various functions. We report the design and application of single-chain cofactor-free kinases with photoswitchable activity. We engineered a dimeric protein, pdDronpa, that dissociates in cyan light and reassociates in violet light. Attaching two pdDronpa domains at rationally selected locations in the kinase domain, we created the photoswitchable kinases psRaf1, psMEK1, psMEK2, and psCDK5. Using these photoswitchable kinases, we established an all-optical cell-based assay for screening inhibitors, uncovered a direct and rapid inhibitory feedback loop from ERK to MEK1, and mediated developmental changes and synaptic vesicle transport in vivo using light.
Molecular Imaging of Atheroma: Deciphering How and When to Use 18F-Sodium Fluoride and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose.

Despite significant therapeutic advances, atherosclerotic disease (ie, stroke and myocardial infarction) remains the largest cause of death in the United States. Molecular imaging provides insights into the biological processes within the atherosclerotic plaque, improves risk stratification, and enhances the assessment of novel therapies. Accordingly, molecular imaging has the potential to facilitate further gains in cardiovascular care. Today, 2 radiotracers are widely available to assess atherosclerotic plaque biology: 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). As there is overlap in their potential applications, important differences exist between them. It is critically important to understand the relative strengths and limitations of NaF and FDG to know how and when to optimally use them. See Article by Vesey et al FDG is a glucose analogue that enters living cells via glucose transporters. Soon after the radiotracer enters the glycolytic pathway, it is phosphorylated by hexokinase and is thereafter unable to be further metabolized via glycolysis. Accordingly, its accumulation in tissues, which can be measured noninvasively using positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance, provides a quantitative measure of glucose utilization.1,2 Clinically, FDG PET is frequently performed to assess for malignancies and myocardial viability. Another important use of FDG PET imaging is the identification of inflammatory foci. FDG PET imaging of inflammation leverages the fact that inflammatory cells, notably activated macrophages and neutrophils, have particularly high glycolytic rates.3 To that end, cardiac FDG PET imaging is clinically used to evaluate for the presence of cardiac sarcoidosis,4 prosthetic valve endocarditis,5 and suspected implanted device infections.6 …
Intersectionality: An Underutilized but Essential Theoretical Framework for Social Psychology

Intersectionality is a critical analytical framework for social psychology. I have organized this chapter into four sections. First, I provide a historical overview of intersectionality. Second, using some of intersectionality’s core tenets as a foundation, I critique some traditional assumptions of mainstream social psychological theory and research. Third, I highlight some current trends in intersectional social psychological research. Finally, I conclude with (1) a brief discussion about why social psychology has been so slow to embrace intersectionality, (2) a summary of the advantages of a more intersectional social psychology, and (3) recommendations of some key references for further reading.
Commercial Near-Earth Launcher: Propulsion Choices

As presented in Chap. 2, airbreathing propulsion advocates have been fighting a losing battle to change the space launcher paradigm from expendable rockets, that are launched for the first, last, and only time, to sustained-use launchers that are more like military airlift transports with long and frequent usage.
Total caloric eye speed in patients with vestibular migraine

Abstract Purpose Vestibular migraine is a common cause of dizziness that lacks a known objective test. This study examined total eye speed on caloric testing as a diagnostic marker for vestibular migraine. Materials and methods Retrospective chart review of patients seen in a tertiary otologic practice between 2004 and 2016 who had undergone caloric testing with water irrigation and had a diagnosis of vestibular migraine (n = 34). A group of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (n = 10) were used as a control group. Patients were grouped into quartiles based on total eye speed. Results Only patients in the lowest quartile (total eye speed Conclusion Low total eye speed may be suggestive of a diagnosis of vestibular migraine, but most patients with vestibular migraine do not have low total eye speed.
ODD-EVEN FEATURES IN THE EFFECTIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT NUCLEI

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses odd-even features in the effective interaction between light nuclei. The resonating-group (r-g) method in the one-channel approximation has been successfully employed to describe elastic scattering in light nuclear systems. This method uses a many-particle Hamiltonian operator containing a nucleon–nucleon potential that fits low-energy nucleon–nucleon data. An integro-differential equation for the function describing the relative motion of the two nuclei is derived through a variational procedure using a completely antisymmetrized trial function¨ The chapter also highlights many other examples of successful comparisons of r-g calculations with experiments. In the calculation, exchange processes, which are most commonly referred to as knockout and heavy-particle pickup, are present because of the use of a completely anti-symmetrized wave function.
Some Topologists of the 1940s

The following observations, more gossip than history, are concerned with some of the topologists whom I encountered and who influenced me in the 1940s (and a little earlier). In those days the distinction between “general” and “algebraic” or “combinatorial” topology was less rigid than now, and many mathematicians were interested in both—Alexander and Hurewicz, for example. So I shall not always try to maintain this distinction.
Congenital Lobar Overinflation: A Rare Enigmatic Lung Lesion on Prenatal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objectives To report the ultrasound (US) features in prenatal cases of suspected congenital pulmonary airway malformation or unspecified lung lesions with a final surgical pathologic diagnosis of congenital lobar overinflation (CLO). Methods Institutional Review Board-approved radiology and clinical database searches from 2001 to 2017 were performed for prenatally diagnosed lung lesions with a final diagnosis of CLO. All patients had detailed US examinations in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Size, echotexture, and vascularity were assessed with US, and the signal and vascularity were assessed with MRI. Follow-up prenatal US scans, postnatal imaging, and postnatal outcomes were reviewed. Results The study population consisted of 12 patients. The median gestational age was 23.3 weeks. The median congenital pulmonary airway malformation volume-to-head circumference ratio was 0.66. Lesion locations were 6 in the lower lobes (4 right and 2 left), 5 in the upper lobes (3 left and 2 right), and 1 in the right middle lobe. The texture was homogeneously echogenic relative to the normal lung in 100% with no visualized macrocysts. Hypervascularity by color Doppler US was observed in 5 cases (41.7%). A T2 hyperintense lung lesion was identified by MRI in 12 of 12 cases (100%), with elongated vessels identified in 11 of 12 cases (91.7%). All 12 cases had pathologically proven CLO. Conclusions Congenital lobar overinflation should be considered in cases of prenatal echogenic lung lesions without macrocysts or classic findings of bronchial atresia. Hypervascularity may be an important imaging feature of a subset of CLO. Most cases become less conspicuous, decrease in size without overt hydrops, and are asymptomatic postnatally.
A call for deep-learning healthcare.

Here we argue that now is the time to create smarter healthcare systems in which the best treatment decisions are computationally learned from electronic health record data by deep-learning methodologies.
The Wrongdoer Rule in Lost Profits Litigation

In lost profits litigation, courts often purport to apply the so-called "wrongdoer rule," which states that lost profits need not be proven with reasonable certainty because the defendant's acts have made proof more difficult than it otherwise would have been. In fact, the rule is virtually meaningless. Courts do not use it as a rule of decision but merely as a justification of decisions made on other grounds. When they want to rule for the plaintiff, they recite the rule, but when they want to rule for the defendant, they ignore the rule or focus on its limitations and exceptions. The article contains an appendix which explains how the individual states deal with the wrongdoer rule and its corollary, the fact and amount rule.
Cytotoxic Lactones from the Pericarps of Litsea japonica

From the pericarps of Litsea japonica (Thunb.) Jussieu, eighteen butanolide derivatives (1 - 18) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HeLa, HL-60, and MCF-7 cells. Compounds 1 - 9 with 2-alkylidene- 3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolides structure exhibited cytotoxic activities against cancer-cell lines. Among them, compound 8 (litsenolide D2) exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines, including HeLa, HL-60, and MCF-7, with IC50 values of 17.6 ± 1.3, 4.2 ± 0.2, and 12.8 ± 0.0 μM, respectively. Compound 8 induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining confirmed that 8 effectively induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. To the best of our knowledge, we have reported cytotoxic activity of butanolides from L. japonica against these cancer-cell lines for the first time.
Complex redo cervical and vertebral artery reconstruction for Takayasu arteritis.

Abstract A 54-year-old woman presented with an enlarging, pulsatile left neck mass and a history of Takayasu arteritis. She had seven prior cervical vascular reconstructions, including a prosthetic right-to-left carotid crossover, and left vertebral and subclavian bypasses done with saphenous vein. The skin of her neck was scarred and thin. The anastomotic pseudoaneurysms were resected, the left carotid bifurcation was reconstructed with the cryopreserved femoral artery because of the concern about wound healing, and the subclavian and vertebral vein grafts were reimplanted. Intraoperative management, clamp sites and sequence, manner of shunting, choice of conduit, and wound healing were important considerations.
Vinyl Composite Tile Surrogate for Mechanical Slip Testing

This study aimed to identify a durable laboratory-grade surrogate material for vinyl composite tile (VCT) suitable for footwear traction testing. To conduct this investigation, eight polymer tiles ...
Neural Glyoxalase Pathway Enhancement by Morin Derivatives in an Alzheimer's Disease Model.

The glyoxalase pathway (GP) is an antioxidant defense system that detoxifies metabolic byproduct methylglyoxal (MG). Through sequential reactions, reduced glutathione (GSH), glyoxalase I (glo-1), and glyoxalase II (glo-2) convert MG into d-lactate. Spontaneous reactions involving MG alter the structure and function of cellular macromolecules through the formation of inflammatory advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Accumulation of MG and AGEs in neural cells contributes to oxidative stress (OS), a state of elevated inflammation commonly found in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Morin is a common plant-produced flavonoid polyphenol that exhibits the ability to enhance the GP-mediated detoxification of MG. We hypothesize that structural modifications to morin will improve its inherent GP enhancing ability. Here we synthesized a morin derivative, dibromo-morin (DBM), formulated a morin encapsulated nanoparticle (MNP), and examined their efficacy in enhancing neural GP activity...
Anillin regulates breast cancer cell migration, growth, and metastasis by non-canonical mechanisms involving control of cell stemness and differentiation.

Breast cancer metastasis is driven by a profound remodeling of the cytoskeleton that enables efficient cell migration and invasion. Anillin is a unique scaffolding protein regulating major cytoskeletal structures, such as actin filaments, microtubules, and septin polymers. It is markedly overexpressed in breast cancer, and high anillin expression is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anillin in breast cancer cell migration, growth, and metastasis. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to deplete anillin in highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells and to overexpress it in poorly invasive MCF10AneoT cells. The effects of anillin depletion and overexpression on breast cancer cell motility in vitro were examined by wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays. Assembly of the actin cytoskeleton and matrix adhesion were evaluated by immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy. In vitro tumor development was monitored by soft agar growth assays, whereas cancer stem cells were examined using a mammosphere formation assay and flow cytometry. The effects of anillin knockout on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo were determined by injecting control and anillin-depleted breast cancer cells into NSG mice. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies demonstrated that anillin is necessary and sufficient to accelerate migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, loss of anillin markedly attenuated primary tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. In breast cancer cells, anillin was localized in the nucleus; however, knockout of this protein affected the cytoplasmic/cortical events, e.g., the organization of actin cytoskeleton and cell-matrix adhesions. Furthermore, we observed a global transcriptional reprogramming of anillin-depleted breast cancer cells that resulted in suppression of their stemness and induction of the mesenchymal to epithelial trans-differentiation. Such trans-differentiation was manifested by the upregulation of basal keratins along with the increased expression of E-cadherin and P-cadherin. Knockdown of E-cadherin restored the impaired migration and invasion of anillin-deficient breast cancer cells. Our study demonstrates that anillin plays essential roles in promoting breast cancer growth and metastatic dissemination in vitro and in vivo and unravels novel functions of anillin in regulating breast cancer stemness and differentiation.
TEACHER CANDIDATES’ REFLECTION ON INSTRUMENTAL MOTIVATION

This article reports the results of a descriptive quantitative research study on teacher candidates’ reflection on instrumental motivation. The research instrument used was a questionnaire containing thirteen items asking about the teacher candidates’ future goals, estimated time to achieve the goals, underlying reasons of joining in the English Department, and possible alternatives that they could probably have in relation to their attempt of achieving the future goals, and how they perceive themselves as student-teachers. The results showed that before studying in WMCUS most of the students, as many as 86.48%, considered having a professional career as the most important future goal than other goals, which they (48.64%) wanted to achieve between five and 10 years from the year the data was collected. Also, 43.24% of the participants considered that joining the ED as one of the means to pursue the future goals even though 56.75% of the participants acknowledged that the ED in WMCUS was not the first choice. The participants also regarded themselves as ordinary individuals who were not very enthusiastic in pursuing their future goals and they were motivated as long as the circumstances allowed them to (45.94%). It was also found that the instrumental motivations changed overtime.
National trends in the management of low-risk prostate cancer: analyzing the impact of Medicaid expansion in the United States.

To evaluate recent trends in the management of low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) and analyze differences in adoption of surveillance based on state Medicaid-expansion status in the United States (US). Using the National Cancer Database, we identified men diagnosed from 2012 to 2016. Men with histologically confirmed low-risk PCa defined as PSA less than 10 ng/ml, Gleason score ≤ 6, and cT1–T2a were included. The Cochran Armitage test was used to evaluate trends in surveillance versus treatment. Comparisons on surveillance adoption based on 2014 Medicaid expansion status and difference-in-difference analysis were performed. The cohort included 84,340 men. During the study period, surveillance as initial management increased from 13.6% in 2012 to 32.1% in 2016 (p < 0.01). When comparing by Medicaid-expansion status, expansion states had higher rates in adoption of surveillance as compared to non-expansion states over the study period (36.6 vs 28.5%). Following expansion, men in expansion states were 1.94% more likely to be treated with surveillance than in earlier years (p < 0.01). Men in non-expansion states were 1.97% more likely to receive surveillance following expansion (p < 0.01) for a relative 0.03% difference in active surveillance adoption among men with low-risk PCa (95% CI − 0.004 to 0.013, p = 0.344). Based on the data from 2012 to 2016, there has been a significant increase in active surveillance as initial management for low-risk PCa in the US. Medicaid expansion was not found to be detrimental in adoption of surveillance. Understanding the impact of payer status on health outcomes can aid in the development of future health care policies aiming to mitigate disparities.
Inochentism and Orthodox Christianity: religious dissent in the Russian and Romanian Borderlands: by James A. Kapaló, London, Routledge, 2019, 278pp., £96 (hardback), ISBN 9781472432186

‘I have not come to bring peace to the earth but fire and sword. For the time has come to cleanse the earth of impurity and lawlessness with fire.’ (33) These are the words of Inochentie, a prophet...
Effects of coupled consolidation and overwash processes on a low-lying headland system

Abstract Coastal barrier islands serve as the first line of defense against storm-induced hazards and coastal erosion. Due to sea-level rise and more frequently occurring storms, barrier island restoration and rehabilitation have become more important for coastal protection. The current-state-of-the practice for simulation of barrier island restoration design mostly overlooks consolidation as one of the governing processes. However, low-lying barrier islands, especially those built on loose deltaic or estuarine deposits, may further lose elevation due to consolidation and become more vulnerable to erosion. This study investigates the impacts of consolidation without overwash, overwash without consolidation, and coupled consolidation and overwash in Caminada-Moreau Headland in Louisiana, USA, which is built on loose deltaic deposits. Consolidation and overwash processes were simulated by using Settle3D and XBeach, respectively. The coupled consolidation and overwash simulations predicts twice the elevation loss predicted by the simulations that consider overwash or consolidation only indicating the critical role of consolidation in barrier island morphology. Based on the morphologic changes, feasible restoration strategies are developed and tested through numerical experiments. Our analyses indicate that the simultaneous restoration of the headland and back barrier marsh increases dune volume retention and project design criteria longevity when compared to the coupled simulation without a restored marsh.
Photo-Chromeleon: Re-Programmable Multi-Color Textures Using Photochromic Dyes

In most situations in the real world, once an object is fabricated, the color is permanent and cannot be changed again. For the Emerging Technologies exhibit, we will present a technology to create re-programmable multi-color textures that are made from a single material only. This technology is based on photochromic dyes that can switch their appearance from transparent to colored when exposed to the light of a certain wavelength. By mixing cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) photochromic dyes into a single solution and leveraging the different absorption spectra of each dye, we can control each color channel in the solution separately. Our approach can transform single-material fabrication techniques, such as coating, into high-resolution multi-color processes. In addition, as the color-changing process is fully reversible, users can recolor objects multiple times.
Role of organic acids in cleaning stainless steels

The author discusses the various uses of organic acids in the preparation and maintenance of stainless steels. Included is a review of the fundamental properties of organic acids, and a discussion of the methods of use inacid and alkaline cleaning, electropolishing, and the application of oxalate coatings. Emphasis is placed on providing a state-of-the-art survey of these current and potential uses of organic acids.
Accountability and the Fear of the Lord

Why did the Biblical writers see the fear of the Lord as a virtue that is conducive to human flourishing? It is difficult for contemporary readers to understand how fear of anything can be virtuous...
Does Knowledge Still Have a Place in the Humanities

Rasch offers two ways of approaching literary works and literary criticism. First, he insists that placing literary and critical texts within a theoretical or historical framework, when done with care, may enhance not only the understanding of literary works but also the pleasure one takes in reading them. Second, if literary scholars wish to insist that quantitative reasoning is not the only path to knowledge, then they must convince their potential readers that the written language of those whom they study—as well as their own prose—offer ways of finding “qualitative truths” that would otherwise be inarticulate. Rasch uses T. S. Eliot’s famous essay on the metaphysical poets as an example of such criticism.
Inferred Arikara Subsistence Patterns Based On a Selected Faunal Assemblage From the Mobridge Site, South Dakota

ABSTRACTThe Mobridge Village (39WW1), a single component Post-Contact Coalescent site situated along the Missouri River near the city of Mobridge, South Dakota, has been subjected to the digging activities of relic collectors for at least four decades. Unmodified animal remains which abound in the disturbed middens have previously been ignored. During a period of several days in June 1975 and 1976 a sample of approximately 2,000 bones, representing at least 36 species and 152 individuals, was recovered. Identification and analysis of this material provides data which indicate the former significance of bison and other herbivores as major sources of meat for these people. A variety of small mammals comprised a valued supplemental food resource; the avian species complex suggests that the majority of birds may have been taken for their plumage or body parts rather than as food. A detailed analysis and discussion of the Canis material is presented.
50. Ex vivo lung perfusion. Initial steps toward organ repair

Policy changes in conjunction with protocolized donor management have doubled the number of organ donors over the last 20 years in the United States. Nevertheless, the percentage of lungs transplanted from donors of at least one other organ has only marginally increased, 16% in 1995 vs. 23% in 2013. The institution of the lung allocation score in 2005, increased the number of patients transplanted and reduced the waiting list mortality, 373 in 2005 vs. 173 in 2013. However, the number of patients removed from the waiting list because they are too sick to be transplanted tripled during the same time period, 61 in 2005 vs. 181 in 2013. There remains a pressing need to increase the number of suitable lungs for transplantation. The use of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) holds the potential to increase the number of transplantable organs. Currently pig and human lungs can be perfused up to 12 h with minimal edema formation, opening the door for pre-transplant lung reconditioning. As we look to increase perfusion times, or bank lungs, modifications in the perfusion/ventilation strategy, metabolic support, and toxin removal from the circuit may become necessary. Nevertheless, 12 h may give us enough time to repair most organs. Current available therapies could be rapidly translated to lung repair before transplantation. Fluid clearance can be stimulated in ex vivo perfused human lungs by intratracheal instillation of terbutaline. Vascular permeability and epithelial fluid transport can be restored with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Other MSC properties, such as the antibacterial secretion of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, LL-37 peptide, the inmunomodulatory effects of IL-10 and IL-4 secretion, the inhibition of INF- γ and TNF- α , and the positive effects described on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver and kidney could translate cell administration during ex vivo perfusion in a therapy tailored to modulate a wide range of conditions affecting lung quality. Gene therapy has also been proposed as an option to recondition donor lungs ex vivo. Human lungs that received IL-10 transfection exhibited improved functional quality, increased oxygenation, decreased vascular resistance, improved cell–cell interaction, and presented a positive shift from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory cytokine release environment. Finally, the idea of growing immunotolerated lungs “on demand” was recently proposed. Cadaveric rat lungs that were de-cellularized, re-cellularized, and transplanted demonstrated good function up to 7 days. These are only a few of the potential therapies under study for ex vivo use. As new areas of investigation arise, EVLP is expected to prove a reproducible, and physiologically sound platform for their evaluation.
Nonscanning three-dimensional differential holographic fluorescence microscopy

We present a technique of three-dimensional (3-D) differential imaging by the way of incoherent digital holography. We demonstrate that the method is suitable for fluorescence microscopy without the need for unfav- orable scanning. We acquire the complex optical field of an incoherent volumetric scene at various times and calculate a complex difference hologram representing only the information, which has changed throughout the volumetric space during the time intervals in-between. We first demonstrate the advanced capability of self-inter- ference incoherent digital holography combined with difference holography to track 3-D changes in a broadband, unfiltered, sunlit scene containing macroscopic continuous objects. This case is particularly remarkable due to the exceptionally short temporal coherence length and excessive build-up of noninterfering source points. We then demonstrate the ease of adaptation to the versatile, functional imaging of fluorescence microscopy. © 2015 SPIE and IS&T (DOI: 10.1117/1.JEI.24.4.043014)
Autoimmune Encephalitis: Are Immunomodulatory Therapies Effective? A Retrospective Review of Functional Ratings Prior to and Post Treatment (P5.097)

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis refers to rare sometimes paraneoplastic conditions in which the immune system attacks the brain, leading to altered function. Delayed diagnosis and treatment potentially leads to permanent neurological injury or death. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the admission and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) assessments among patients diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis, and to identify any effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy on a subset of these patients. Methods: Through retrospective chart review we identified patients that met currently accepted clinical and serological criterion for autoimmune encephalitis. Clinical data was obtained on these cases and a modified Rankin Score mRS was assessed on both hospital admission and discharge or subsequent ‘best clinical’ visit. Assessment of “improvement” from initial therapy was based on any decrease in mRS score and/or clinical neurological functional improvement in accordance with physician and patient affirmation by the time of discharge. Results: Seventy-seven patients met criterion for clinical or serological autoimmune encephalitis. Of these patients, 11 had cancer and 66 did not have known cancer. Fifty-seven (74[percnt]) patients underwent immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids, IVIg, and/or plasma exchange and 41 patients experienced an improvement. Improvement from initial treatment was 21[percnt], 71[percnt], 58[percnt], and 80[percnt] for admitting mRS scores or 2 through 5 respectively. The p-values for improvement from initial immune therapy based on an mRS of 3, 4, or 5 compared to an mRS of 2 were 0.0014, 0.035, and 0.013 respectively. Conclusions: Immunosuppressive therapies for patients with an initial mRS score of 3, 4 or 5 may have a higher yield than for those with an mRS of 2. These therapies are generally reserved for those with an mRS of 2 or greater. Further study is needed to assess functional improvement in those with autoimmune mediated encephalitis treated with immunosuppressive therapies. Disclosure: Dr. George has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rae-Grant has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Biogen Idec, and Teva Neurosciences as a speaker. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramesh has nothing to disclose. Dr. George has nothing to disclose.
The cervical and thoracic musculature of Lepidoptera

Summary The cervicothoracic musculature of Manduca sexta (Johannson) and of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) is described and figured. This brings to 12 the number of lepidopterous families that have been so treated, and thus places the Lepidoptera in an exceptionally favourable position for analysis of their general muscular complement. The description of muscles for Manduca and Spodoptera is given in a form that provides a comprehensive classification of the cervicothoracic muscles of this order.
Low noise AlGaN/GaN MODFETs with high breakdown and power characteristics

AlGaN/GaN MODFETs (0.25/spl times/200 /spl mu/m/sup 2/) with low noise, high breakdown and power characteristics have been evaluated. A noise figure of 1.9 dB with 16.2 dB associated gain was obtained at a quiescent point of I/sub DS/=30 mA. and V/sub DS/=10 at 10 GHz. The maximum power measured was 22.9 dBm (/spl sim/1 W/mrn) and PAE was 21.9% at 8.4 GHz at the same bias condition. In addition, a maximum breakdown voltage (V/sub BD/) of /spl sim/115 V at I/sub D/=20 /spl mu/A and I/sub G//spl sim/30 /spl mu/A was measured. A MODFET noise model and its correlation with gate leakage current are also investigated.
Physical conditions in dark clouds

We discuss physical conditions in interstellar molecular clouds with visual extinction AV ∼1–10 magnitudes, based primarily on observations of spectral lines of CO and NH3. Diffuse clouds with AV∼1 mag have kinetic energy density which is primarily nonthermal, and is comparable to that of the “intercloud” gas; diffuse clouds have too little mass to bind their internal motions by gravity; their incidence of low-mass cores and low-mass stars is rare. Dark clouds with mean AV∼3 mag have kinetic energy density which is primarily nonthermal, like diffuse clouds; but much greater than that of the intercloud gas, unlike diffuse clouds. Dark clouds are generally gravitationally bound. They are often surrounded by a number of diffuse clouds; in dark clouds low-mass cores and low-mass stars are common. Low-mass cores have mean AV∼10 mag. Their kinetic energy density is mainly thermal, unlike their surrounding dark or diffuse clouds, and much higher than that of the intercloud gas. Cores are generally bound, and are frequently associated with low-mass stars. Several lines of evidence indicate that the nonthermal energy density in most molecular clouds is largely magnetic.