cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Children's Partisan Loyalties in a New Nation: A Research Note Using Indian Data

Using a sample of Indian high school students, this article finds that party identification remains relatively stable over a period of two years. The largest component of change is developmental in that many respondents change from nonpartisan to partisan. Predictors of partisan stability are examnined, and knowledge of parental partisanship is found to be the most significant. Shanto Iyengar is Associate Professor of Political Science, Kansas State UJniversity. Data collection was made possible by grants from the National Science Foundation (GS-38329) and the American Philosophical Society. Public Opinioni Quarterly ? 1978 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevi&r North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/78/0042-01151$01.75 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.111 on Tue, 09 Aug 2016 06:17:20 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Thermal asymmetry of site-specific recombination by bacteriophage λ

Abstract We have studied the thermosensitivity of site-specific recombination for bacteriophage λ by crosses between phage carrying the appropriate attachment sites or by lysogeny measurements. We find that the recombination event characteristic of normal integration is extremely thermolabile, whereas the recombination event characteristic of normal excision is not. We have also studied thermal effects on several other types of site-specific recombination but find no simple pattern. From our results, there appears to be an asymmetry in the catalysis of the integration-excision reaction—a thermolabile element in the integrative recombination reaction, but not in the excisive recombination reaction. This thermolabile element might be an additional protein besides Int or the Int protein itself.
Nutrition support teams - a 1983 survey

Nutrition support teams (NST) in a variety of public and private US hospitals were surveyed in the spring of 1983. A mailed questionnaire elicited information from 521 previously identified teams. The intent was to survey the characteristics of hospitals with NST, the structure and function of NST and the attitudes of coworkers regarding NST. The questionnaire was designed to facilitate individual team communication of successes and admonitions regarding team initiation and function. Nutrition support teams from 267 of 521 (51.6%) hospitals responded. Teams, multidisciplinary in composition, were located most frequently in 200 to 500-bed private, nonprofit hospitals. Financial arrangements and the scope of service rendered varied. Attitudes about NST reflected some problems with attending physicians' skepticism, rivalry, and ignorance. Other hospital professionals' attitudes were reported as supportive with reservations. Comments, penned by 90% of respondents, indicated a solid, positive concern for developing nutritional expertise, productive teamwork, and support from fellow care-givers. Generally, NST were found to be in a period of growth and essentially healthy.
Engineering high-density endothelial cell monolayers on soft substrates

Abstract This study demonstrates that a confluent monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) can be tissue engineered on a soft substrate with a cell density and morphology that approximates in vivo conditions. We achieved formation of a confluent EC monolayer on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer by microcontact printing of fibronectin (FN) in a square lattice array of 3 μm diameter circular islands at a 6 μm pitch. Uniform coatings of FN or serum proteins on PDMS or on tissue-culture-treated polystyrene failed to support the equivalent EC density and/or confluence. The ECs on the FN micropatterned PDMS achieved a density of 1,536 ± 247 cells mm −2 , close to the 3,215 ± 336 cells mm −2 observed in vivo from porcine pulmonary artery and significantly higher (2- to 5-fold) than EC density on other materials. The probable mechanism for enhanced EC adhesion, growth and density is increased focal adhesion (FA) formation between the ECs and the substrate. After 14 days culture, the micropatterned FN surface increased the average number of FAs per cell to 35 ± 10, compared to 7 ± 6 for ECs on PDMS uniformly coated with FN. Thus, microscale patterning of FN into FA-sized, circular islands on PDMS elastomer promotes the formation of EC monolayers with in vivo-like cell density and morphology.
Nature writing : the pastoral impulse in America

List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Chronology 1. Overview 2. Walden, Ktaadn and Walking 3. My First Summer in the Sierra 4. The Land of Little Rain 5. A Sand Country Almanac 6. Desert Solitaire 7. Pilgrim at Tinker Creek 8. Conclusion Bibiolgraphic Essay Recommended Titles Notes and References Index
Unsteady Airfoil Flow Solutions on Moving Zonal Grids

Euler and Navier-Stokes solutions for airfoil flows on zonal grids are presented. The governing equations are solved with an implicit, iterative, factorized numerical scheme. The inviscid fluxes are examined with a third-order accurate upwind method. Zonal grid solutions are compared with experimental measurements for flows over airfoils at fixed angles of incidence. The computed unsteady solutions for rapidly pitching and oscillating airfoils are in good agreement with experiments.
BRCA1 regulates microtubule dynamics and taxane-induced apoptotic cell signaling.

The taxanes are effective microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapy drugs used in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the emergence of drug resistance hampers their clinical efficacy. The molecular basis of clinical taxane resistance remains poorly understood. Breast cancer 1, early onset gene, BRCA1, is a tumor-suppressor gene, whose expression has been correlated with taxane sensitivity in many solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between BRCA1 (B1) expression and taxane activity remains unclear. To this end, we created a stable B1 knockdown A549 cell line (B1-KD) to investigate B1’s role in microtubule biology and response to taxane treatment. We show that B1-KD rendered A549 cells resistant to paclitaxel (PTX), phenocopying clinical studies showing that low B1 expression correlated with taxane resistance. As previously reported, we show that loss of B1 enhanced centrosomal γ-tubulin localization and microtubule nucleation. Interestingly, we found that the B1-KD cells exhibited increased microtubule dynamics as compared with parental A549 cells, as assessed by live-cell confocal microscopy using enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged α-tubulin or EB1 protein. In addition, we showed that loss of B1 impairs the ability of PTX to induce microtubule polymerization using immunofluorescence microscopy and a cell-based tubulin polymerization assay. Furthermore, B1-KD cells exhibited significantly lower intracellular binding of a fluorescently labeled PTX to microtubules. Recent studies have shown that PTX-stabilized microtubules serves as a scaffold for pro-caspase-8 binding and induction of apoptosis downstream of induced-proximity activation of caspase-8. Here we show that loss of B1 reduces the association of pro-caspase-8 with microtubules and subsequently leads to impaired PTX-induced activation of apoptosis. Taken together, our data show that B1 regulates indirectly endogenous microtubule dynamics and stability while its loss leads to microtubules that are more dynamic and less susceptible to PTX-induced stabilization conferring taxane resistance.
Applying a Two‐Stage System to Prioritize Riparian Restoration at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California

A two-stage system for selecting stream reaches and riparian communities for restoration was applied to the 80-km San Luis Rey River below the Lake Henshaw dam in southern California. In the first stage, data from topographic quadrangles and aerial photographs were analyzed to define and classify reaches. These analyses concluded that (1) 28 km of the river and adjacent floodplain were suitable for second-stage evaluation of restoration needs and (2) 32 km met criteria for reference conditions at the stream reach scale and should be protected from further impacts. The remaining 20 km of the river and flood-plain were considered unsuitable for restoration to reach-scale reference conditions; individual sites may be restored under existing regulatory review. Second-stage field sampling provided data on vegetation and floodplain landforms and substrate from more than 3000 plots within the 28 km of river and 1120 ha of floodplain selected for further study. Classification of floristic samples stratified by landform/substrate class indicated six primary riparian communities on the floodplain, some associated with particular flood-plain landform/substrate classes and others ubiquitous. Reference conditions for these communities were interpreted from the data. There were two major departures from reference conditions: tree-dominated communities were less extensive than historic levels and exotic plants had significantly invaded some landforms and communities, displacing natural communities. General goals would include restoration of tree communities and removal of exotics, with further consideration of site-specific objectives. The results included estimates of the areas by community type requiring restoration. The approach was developed for streams in the semi-arid western United States, but it may be adapted for use elsewhere.
The Role of Mammary Ductoscopy in Breast Cancer: a Review of the Literature

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among American women. It is the second most common cause of cancer death. Genetic analysis using comparative genetic hybridization (CGH) has shown evidence that the majority of breast cancers, approximately 85%, begin in the ductal epithelium with normal cells progressing to atypia and finally to carcinoma. Mammary ductoscopy, also referred to as the intraductal approach, is a new tool that allows direct visualization of the breast ductal system. It enables one to sample the ductal epithelium and may allow identification of early changes cytologically as well as potentially play an important role in aiding surgical excision. This may aid in detection of breast masses long before they are palpable or visible via mammography. Mammary ductoscopy may have a role in the evaluation of women with nipple discharge, high-risk women, or limiting the amount of tissue removed in breast conservation surgery for cancer.
Intra-oral restorative materials wear: rethinking the current approaches: how to measure wear.

Abstract Objective To determine what wear parameter(s) have clinical relevance and what factors are important for accurate measurement of these parameters in vivo and in vitro. Method Describe biomechanical factors affecting mastication and the mechanics of wear. Investigate how they impact the wear of teeth and restorative materials. Based on this information, define the advantages and disadvantages of using volume, depth, and area parameters to quantify wear. Describe direct and indirect methods of measuring wear and point out advantages and disadvantages of each. Results The preferred parameter for quantifying wear is volume. It is independent of occlusal factors and is a measure of work done. If material and environmental factors remain constant, volume loss is linear with time. Depth and area have limited clinical value because of their dependence on occlusal factors; plus, they are not linear with time. When measuring wear the material of interest and the opposing material must be considered; especially if the opposing material is enamel. Wear is best measured by comparing sequential 3D images. Measuring systems should be calibrated with their error reported using sigma values rather means and standard deviations. The quality of the alignment of the sequential images should be included in the error analysis. Cost and availability of 3D imaging systems has severely limited their use in clinical studies. Significance Wear is an important consequence of occlusal interactions. If not controlled, wear could lead to poor masticatory function with a concomitant reduction in quality of life and possible deterioration of systemic health.
From Podes to Antipodes: Positionalities and Global Airline Geographies

Abstract Questions of cost and time distance have long been of interest to geographers and have become a more central concern as globalization advances. We analyze the global air travel system by examining the differences in the costs, distances, and times of one aspect of globalization. We review the extant literature on airline transportation by geographers and others, noting especially the near-century-long interest in unraveling cost, time, and distance issues and designing innovative ways to map these interrelated variables. We expand on this base to bring recent scholarship on power and positionality of cities to our understanding of air travel. Our analysis expands on previous work on airline transport geographies in four distinct ways. First, we developed an international database for a large number of cities worldwide that includes measures of distance, cost, frequency and flight duration of airline connections. Second, this database is examined statistically through ordinary least squares (OLS) ...
ENHANCEMENT OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN LETHALITY BY STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN.

is temporary in duration and is distinct from the gradually developed, permanent type of immunity (Sugiyama et al, 1962). The rapidity of development and the transitory nature of the tolerance resemble the nonspecific resistance to infections and endotoxins stimulated by endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria (Rowley, 1956; Landy and Pillemer, 1956). Monkeys pretreated with Thorotrast, a reticuloendothelial system-blockading agent, are 20 times more sensitive to enterotoxin than control animals (Sugiyama et al, 1963). Similarly, several different biological activities of bacterial endotoxin in rabbits are accentuated by the administration of Thorotrast. This colloidal agent abolishes the tolerance developed to the pyrogenic action of endotoxin (Beeson, 1947a) and overcomes natural immunity to the Shwartzman phenomenon (Beeson, 1947b). Thorotrast-treated rabbits are about a thousand times more sensitive to the lethal effect of endotoxin (Good and Thomas, 1952). These similarities between staphylococcal enterotoxin and bacterial endo-
Influence of Midazolam on the Protein Binding of Ketorolac

Abstract Background: An important aspect of a drug's biodisposition profile is the extent to which it binds to plasma proteins. Objective: The purpose of this laboratory investigation was to assess the potential for an in vitro drug-drug protein displacement interaction between ketorolac and midazolam. Methods: The protein binding of ketorolac and midazolam, individually and in combination, were determined in (1) human serum, (2) human albumin solution, and (3) human alpha 1 -acid glycoprotein solution using ultrafiltration technology. Total and free concentrations of ketorolac were quantitated by liquid chromatography, whereas those of midazolam were quantitated by gas chromatography. Drug concentrations used in this in vitro study were selected from published data reflecting realistic plasma drug concentrations observed after aggressive clinical drug dosing. Results: Both ketorolac and midazolam are extensively bound to serum protein. Over the concentration range studied, ketorolac bound primarily to albumin whereas midazolam bound extensively to albumin and alpha 1 -acid glycoprotein. Under the conditions of the present in vitro study, neither ketorolac nor midazolam demonstrated any effect on the extent to which either drug was bound in the 3 systems studied. Conclusions: The in vitro data derived in this study suggest that when present together, neither midazolam nor ketorolac influences the overall extent of protein binding of the other. Drug protein binding data derived in vitro should be cautiously extrapolated to in vivo conditions.
ASH Position Paper: Evaluation and Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension

This paper provides recommendations on the treatment of orthostatic hypotension (OH) as reviewed by the American Society of Hypertension. It focuses on recent reports on the evaluation and management of OH and provides practical advice for clinicians on how to screen, diagnose, and treat patients using behavioral, nonpharmacologic, and pharmacologic strategies. The authors also provide a stepwise approach on how to apply new findings to successfully control OH and reduce the risk of syncope and falls in these patients. Treatment of OH is also discussed in special situations such as in hypertensive and hospitalized patients. It should be noted, however, that research in this area is mostly limited to studies in small numbers of patients. Unfortunately, the trials of the type needed to develop evidence-based guidelines are not available for this condition.
Provenance and Depositional Environments of Eocene-Oligocene Baca Formation, Catron County, New Mexico: ABSTRACT

The Baca Formation, which crops out discontinuously in east-west-trending exposures from Socorro, New Mexico, to the New Mexico-Arizona border, is composed of fluvial, alluvial-fan, and lacustrine deposits. It was deposited in a basin which formed during the Laramide orogeny in New Mexico and Arizona. Uplifts bordering the basin include the Defiance, Zuni, Lucero, and Sierra-Sandia, and the Mogollon highland. In the late Eocene, volcanism began in the Datil-Mogollon volcanic field in southwestern New Mexico and adjacent Arizona, south of the study area. Sediments were derived from adjacent uplifts and from the volcanic rocks. The Mogollon highland and the Zuni uplift supplied metamorphic, sedimentary, and plutonic detritus to the Baca Formation. There is a westward increase in volcanic detritus in the Baca Formation, and faunal evidence shows an early Oligocene, Chadronian, age for western Baca outcrops north of Quemado, younger than outcrops further east which are Eocene in age. With the beginning of Eocene volcanism, volcanic detritus was supplied to the Oligocene Baca sediments which were deposited in a coarse-grained meander belt. Other depositional environments identified include fine-grained meander belt, alluvial fan, and distal, braided alluvial plain. Flow direction was dominantly eastward. End_of_Article - Last_Page 568------------
Siderophore−Manganese(III) Interactions. I. Air-Oxidation of Manganese(II) Promoted by Desferrioxamine B

Recent studies suggest that aqueous Mn(ll) complexes, particularly those with non-carboxylated ligands such as microbial siderophores, may be stable in soil and aquatic environments. In this paper, we determine the stability constants for Mn(ll) and Mn(lll) complexes with the common trihydroxamate siderophore, desferrioxamine B (DFOB). Base and redox titrations were conducted to determine DFOB conditional protonation constants and conditional stability constants for 1:1 DFOB complexes with Mn(ll) and Mn(lll). The conditional protonation constants agree well with literature values. We determined stability constants for three Mn(ll)-DFOB species and one Mn(lll)-DFOB species at 25 degrees C in 0.1 M NaCl. The Mn(lll) HDFOB+ complex can be formed readily by air-oxidation of Mn(ll)-DFOB. This reaction exhibits pseudo first-order kinetics with a rate coefficient that can be characterized as the product of oxygen concentration with a linear combination of the concentrations of the three Mn(ll)-DFOB complexes. The second-order rate coefficients appearing in this linear combination are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that associated with oxidation of the hydrolytic species Mn(OH)(0)2. The Mn(lll)HDFOB+ complex is stable for pH in the range of 7.0-11.3; but, at pH 11.3, the complex degrades by disproportionation, yielding Mn(ll) and solid MnO2. This range of pH stability supports the hypothesis that aqueous Mn(lll) may play a vital role in the biogeochemical cycling of not only manganese, but also other elements, such as carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and redox-active metals.
Medicalizations and Demedicalizations of Sexuality Therapies

This article complicates recent discussions about the expanding zones and influences of medicalization and biomedicalization on sexuality and sex therapy by contextualizing them with competing nonm...
ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE FROM CALIXARENE-COATED POROUS SI LIQUID JUNCTION CELLS

In this paper, the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of calixarene carboxylic acid coated porous Si (PS) is reported. Electrochemiluminescence is observed from the anodic oxidation of calixarene-coated porous Si in an electrolyte containing 1.0 M H2SO4. These calixarene carboxylic acid derivatives coated onto the porous Si surface affect both the duration and efficiency of the light emission. Electrochemiluminescence can be generated for longer periods of time for these coated porous Si junctions relative to untreated porous Si, ranging from up to 3 h for calix[4]arene-coated porous Si to about 50 min for the calix[n]arene (n = 5, 7, 8) derivatives. This improved duration of electrochemiluminescence comes at the cost of quantum efficiency; for calix[8]arene-coated PS it is 0.0015%, while for calix[4]arene-coated porous Si, <0.001%. The electrochemiluminescence peak maximum is red-shifted beyond 700 nm with continued bias. These observations are attributed to packing differences between different calixarene c...
Dopamine–opioid interactions in the rat striatum: a modulatory role for dopamine D1 receptors in delta opioid receptor-mediated signal transduction

Dopaminergic and opioidergic systems interact in the striatum to modulate locomotor and motivated behaviors. The present study investigated the molecular interactions of these two systems by determining the role of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the modulation of opioid receptor-mediated signal transduction. Male Fischer rats were injected daily for 10 days with either saline, the D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958, the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole, or both SKF 82958 and quinpirole. Administration of SKF 82958 alone or together with quinpirole attenuated the ability of the delta receptor agonist D-Pen2,D-Pen5-enkephalin (DPDPE) to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. Quinpirole administration alone had no effect. The efficacy and potency of the mu opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGO) to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity was unaltered following administration of either dopamine receptor agonist. Administration of SKF 82958 had no affect on delta receptor binding, forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity, or G protein/adenylyl cyclase coupling. However, the ability of DPDPE to stimulate binding of [35S]GTPγS to inhibitory G proteins was attenuated in animals that received SKF 82958. These results suggest that repeated activation of D1 receptors attenuates the functional coupling of delta opioid receptors with adenylyl cyclase due to decreased coupling between delta receptors and G proteins.
High-Resolution Radiography for Detecting and Measuring Micron-Scale Features

X-ray radiography has long been recognized as a valuable tool for detecting internal features and flaws. Recent developments in microfabrication and composite materials have extended inspection requirements to the resolution limits of conventional radiography. Our work has been directed toward pushing both detection and measurement capabilities to a smaller scale. Until recently, we have used conventional contact radiography, optimized to resolve small features. With the recent purchase of a nano-focus (sub-micron) x-ray source, we are now investigating projection radiography, phase contrast imaging and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Projection radiography produces a magnified image that is limited in spatial resolution mainly by the source size, not by film grain size or detector pixel size. Under certain conditions phase contrast can increase the ability to resolve small features such as cracks, especially in materials with low absorption contrast. Micro-computed tomography can provide three-dimensional measurements on a micron scale and has been shown to provide better sensitivity than simple radiographs. We have included applications of these techniques to small-scale measurements not easily made by mechanical or optical means. Examples include void detection in meso-scale nickel MEMS parts, measurement of edge profiles in thick gold lithography masks, and characterization of the distribution of phases in composite materials. Our work, so far, has been limited to film.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
CH Activation with an O-Donor Iridium−Methoxo Complex

A thermally and air stable O-donor, iridium−methoxo complex is reported that undergoes stoichiometric, intermolecular C−H activation of benzene with co-generation of methanol and the iridium−phenyl complex.
A Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Radiative Transfer System Using the Analytic Four-Stream Approximation

Abstract A coupled atmosphere–ocean radiative transfer model based on the analytic four-stream approximation has been developed. It is shown that this radiation model is computationally efficient and at the same time can achieve acceptable accuracy for flux and heating rate calculations in the atmosphere and the oceans. To take into account the reflection and transmission of the wind-blown air–water interface, a Monte Carlo method has been employed to simulate the traveling of photons and to compute the reflectance and transmittance of direct and diffuse solar fluxes at the ocean surface. For the ocean part, existing bio-optical models, which correlate the concentration of chlorophyll and the absorption and scattering coefficients of phytoplankton and other matters, have been integrated into this coupled model. Comparing to the values computed by more discrete streams illustrates that the relative accuracies of the surface albedo and total transmission in the ocean determined from the present model are ge...
Fetal chemoreception: a developing story

The central and peripheral chemoreceptors are critical to the efficient uptake and delivery of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide after birth. However, the importance and activity of fetal chemoreception has been questioned, since oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal are not regulated in the lungs in the fetus. Early studies suggested that chemotransduction-the conversion of a chemical stimulus to cardiovascular and ventilatory responses via the integration of chemoreceptor stimulation, neural afferent activity and neurohormonal effector mechanisms-was immature in its individual components or their interaction. However, it now appears that the chemoreceptor cascade is structurally and functionally intact in the late-term fetus, and responds actively to normal and other chemical stimuli. The differences between fetal and postnatal chemotransduction appear to be primarily dependent on the central inhibition of the ventilatory response, the inhibitory area being localized to the lateral pons. It appears to be mediated in part by a placental factor which is removed at birth, allowing for the expression of the ventilatory response. The suppression of this response is also responsible for the difference in the heart rate response: the postnatal tachycardia is caused by the lung inflation reflex; when abolished, bradycardia is seen, just as in the fetus. Despite the suppression of the ventilatory component of chemoreception, the fetal carotid chemoreceptor is more important than the aortic, even though it has been considered to be more important to ventilatory than to cardiovascular stability. This review discusses current knowledge of the various components of the mature chemoreceptor cascade, and presents the fetal story within that framework.
Development of superconducting transition edge sensors for time- and energy-resolved single-photon counters with application to imaging astronomy

Transition Edge Sensor (TES) quantum microcalorimeters can provide intrinsic arrival time and energy resolved measurements of individual photons over a large energy range centered on the optical band. Our TESs consist of thin-film superconduting tungsten pixels on a silicon substrate. The pixels are voltage-biased to remain in the sharp superconducting transition region through negative electrothermal feedback. We report progress on our first imaging TES array of 32 pixels. We describe the experimental apparatus, summarize recent progress, characterize detector performance and outline the future path of TES development.
Strategyproofness in the large as a desideratum for market design

We propose a criterion of approximate strategyproofness (SP), called strategyproof in the large (SP-L). A mechanism is SP-L if, for any agent, any probability distribution of the other agents' reports, and any > 0, in a large enough market the agent maximizes his expected payo to within by reporting his preferences truthfully. Conceptually, SP-L distinguishes between two kinds of non-SP mechanisms: those where pro table misreports vanish as the market grows large in our sense, and those where pro table misreports persist even for agents who regard the mechanism's prices as exogenous. Our main result shows that, under some assumptions, SP-L is approximately costless to satisfy in large markets relative to Bayes-Nash or Nash implementability. The assumptions include anonymity, private values, and a continuity condition. We interpret the result as justifying SP-L as a second-best desideratum, especially for problems for which the bene ts of SP design are compelling (e.g., compliance with the Wilson doctrine) yet it is known that mechanisms that are exactly SP are unattractive. We illustrate with examples from assignment, auctions, and matching. ∗For helpful discussions we are grateful to Nabil Al-Najjar, Susan Athey, Aaron Bodoh-Creed, Gabriel Carroll, Je Ely, Alex Frankel, Drew Fudenberg, Matt Gentzkow, Jason Hartline, John Hat eld, Richard Holden, Ehud Kalai, Emir Kamenica, Fuhito Kojima, Scott Kominers, Jacob Leshno, Jon Levin, Paul Milgrom, Roger Myerson, David Parkes, Parag Pathak, Nicola Persico, Andy Postlewaite, Canice Prendergast, Ilya Segal, Eran Shmaya, Lars Stole, Glen Weyl, and especially Al Roth. We are grateful to seminar audiences at Ohio State, the MFI Conference on Matching and Price Theory, UCLA, Chicago, AMMA 2011, Boston College, the NBER Conference on Market Design, Duke / UNC, Michigan, Carnegie Mellon / Pittsburgh, Montreal, Berkeley, Northwestern and Rochester. †Harvard University, azevedo@fas.harvard.edu. ‡University of Chicago Booth School of Business, eric.budish@chicagobooth.edu. STRATEGYPROOFNESS IN THE LARGE 1
Edward Bancroft's "Torporific Eels".

Edward Bancroft was a medical apprentice in Connecticut before running off to Guiana in 1763. While in South America, he practiced medicine and collected material for a lengthy book on the region, which he published after he settled in London. Bancroft’s Essay (1769) contains a description of the “torporific eels” found in the warm rivers of Guiana, along with a series of experiments suggesting that the eel’s powers are electrical. It also calls for studies to determine whether saltwater torpedo rays might demonstrate the same properties, which Bancroft expected would be the case. Today, Bancroft is best remembered for serving Benjamin Franklin and the American delegation in France during the War of Independence, and for being a double agent. But what this colorful man wrote about the South American eels helped to make an early case for animal electricity and stimulated Franklin to encourage John Walsh to conduct his landmark electrical experiments on torpedoes and electric eels in the 1770s. These efforts led to new way of thinking about the physiology of the nervous and muscular systems, even in nonspecialized fish.
Doppler-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein: A prospective, randomized trial

Objectives. The internal jugular vein (IJ) is commonly used as an access to the central venous system. Despite the high success rate for cannulation of the IJ, the incidence of complications (1% to 16%) has remained essentially the same, with most complications resulting from unintentional punctures of surrounding structures. In an attempt to reduce the complication rate of this technique, we evaluated the use of a Doppler-guided needle device to cannulate the IJ.Methods. The study was performed on 41 patients scheduled for cardiothoracic or major vascular surgery requiring central vein cannulation as part of their anesthetic management.Results. The number of needle advances in the Doppler group was 1.35 (SD 0.88) compared with 2.8 (SD 2.78) in the control group (p = 0.037). A significantly greater percentage of cannulations were successful on the first attempt in the Doppler group (85%), compared with the control group (55%) (95% CI for proportion = 0.3 to 0.57).Conclusion. The Dopplerguided cannulation technique can reduce the number of attempts required for successful IJ cannulation.
Role of F0 and Amplitude in the Perception of Intervocalic Glottal Stops

Glottal stops that occur in vowel-consonant-vowel context are often not realized as stops at all, but rather show voicing that is continuous throughout the glottal constriction gesture. Glottal art...
An analysis of apple supply response

Abstract An empirical analysis of apple supply response is undertaken by modeling new plantings, removals, and yield. The important determinants of plantings are apple profits, cherry profits, weather, and lagged investment. These variables are highly significant, underscoring their importance in determining new planting decisions. In the removals equation, expected short-run revenues of apples and peaches were the important determinants, and the signs of the estimated coefficients for these variables are consistent with a priori expectations. For the yield equation, price and weather variables are significant, highlighting their relevance in determining apple yield.
On the use of hollow catalyst pellets for reactions affected by deactivation

Abstract The use of hollow pellets is considered for the gas-solid catalytic reactions in which an independent deactivation reaction causes pore-mouth poisoning. It is shown that the use of hollow pellets does not necessarily increase the rate of reaction and that it does make a difference whether the hollow pellet is open-ended or not. Conditions for better performance are given in terms of the fractional void and the fraction of catalyst poisoned for different bases of comparison.
Unexpected exo selectivity for an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction involving a doubly-activated δ-pentenolide dienophile

Abstract The intramolecular Diels–Alder cyclization of a homochiral doubly-activated δ-pentenolide system is described, proceeding predominantly via an exo transition state to provide an advanced precursor toward unique stereochemical analogs of (+)-symbioimine.
Taking the Assessment Centre road

If a large company is not to become a dinosaur it must foresee the need for change, not least in personnel practices, and must have staff to do this and help bring in new ways.
(1R*,4aR*,8aS*)‐2‐Oxoperhydro­naphthalene‐1‐acetic acid: formation of heterogeneous carboxyl dimers in a bicyclic γ‐keto acid

The asymmetric unit chosen for the title racemate, C12H18O3, contains two nearly identical mol­ecules of opposite handedness, differing only slightly in the rotation of their side-chains and joined by pseudo-centrosymmetric O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding [O⋯O = 2.647 (2) and 2.622 (2) A; O—H⋯O = 173 and 173°]. Three close inter­molecular C—H⋯O contacts exist.
Estimates for the Lorentz degree of polynomials

Abstract In 1916 S. N. Bernstein observed that every polynomial p having no zeros in (−1, 1) can be written in the form ∑j = 0d aj(1 − x)j(1 + x)d − j with all aj ⩾ 0 or all aj ⩽ 0. The smallest natural number d for which such a representation holds is called the Lorentz degree of p and it is denoted by d(p). The Lorentz degree d(p) can be much larger than the ordinary degree deg(p). In this paper lower bounds are given for the Lorentz degree of certain special polynomials which show the sharpness of some earlier results of T. Erdelyi and J. Szabados. As a by-product, we give a short proof of Markov and Bernstein type inequalities for the derivatives of polynomials of the above form, established by G. G. Lorentz in 1963. The Lorentz degree of trigonometric polynomials is also introduced and some analogues of our algebraic results are established.
Active capture and anomalous adsorption: New mechanisms for the incorporation of heavy noble gases

Active capture is a new process for the incorporation of large quantities of heavy noble gases into growing surfaces. Adsorption in the conventional sense involves surface bonding by polarization (Van der Waals forces). What is referred to as "anomalous adsorption" of heavy noble gases involves chemical bonds and can occur when other (more chemically active) species are not available to preempt sites with unfilled bonds. Anomalous adsorption has been observed under conditions of fracture, vacuum deposition and ionizing radiation. Active capture depends upon anomalous adsorption to retain noble gases on a surface long enough to be captured in a growing surface film as it is deposited. The fundamental principle may be the impingement onto the growing film with sufficient energy to liberate surface electrons (work function energy of a few electronvolts) so that they are retained by anomalous adsorption long enough to be entrapped in the growing surface. Trapping efficiencies of ~1% have been observed for Kr and Xe in laboratory experiments, implying a fundamentally new mechanism for the incorporation of heavy noble gases onto surfaces. It may play a role in explaining the large concentrations of planetary noble gases contained in phase-Q.
Comment on "Evaluation of Shear-Thickening-Fluid Kevlar for Large-Fragment-Containment Applications"

TECHNICAL COMMENTS are brief discussions of papers previously published in this journal. They should not exceed 1500 words (where a figure or table counts as 200 words). The author of the previous paper is invited to submit a reply for publication in the same issue as the Technical Comment. These discussions are published as quickly as possible after receipt of the manuscripts. Neither AIAA nor its Editors are responsible for the opinions expressed by the authors.
Acylamines enhance the infection of a baculovirus of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera)

Abstract The acylamines (cationic detergents) enhance the infection of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in larvae of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta. Those with 6 carbons (hexylamine) or 12 carbons (dodecylamine) in the acyl group are more effective in enhancing the NPV than those with 4, 8, or 10 carbons. Hexylamine and dodecylamine increase the rate of infection beyond the 50% level (ID50) by 10 to 100 times when based on the concentration of the virus polyhedra (inclusion bodies).
Epileptic afterdischarge in the hippocampal–entorhinal system: current source density and unit studies

The contribution of the various hippocampal regions to the maintenance of epileptic activity, induced by stimulation of the perforant path or commissural system, was examined in the awake rat. Combination of multiple-site recordings with silicon probes, current source density analysis and unit recordings allowed for a high spatial resolution of the field events. Following perforant path stimulation, seizures began in the dentate gyrus, followed by events in the CA3-CA1 regions. After commissural stimulation, rhythmic bursts in the CA3-CA1 circuitry preceded the activation of the dentate gyrus. Correlation of events in the different subregions indicated that the sustained rhythmic afterdischarge (2-6 Hz) could not be explained by a cycle-by-cycle excitation of principal cell populations in the hippocampal-entorhinal loop. The primary afterdischarge always terminated in the CA1 region, followed by the dentate gyrus, CA3 region and the entorhinal cortex. The duration and pattern of the hippocampal afterdischarge was essentially unaffected by removal of the entorhinal cortex. The emergence of large population spike bursts coincided with a decreased discharge of interneurons in both CA1 and hilar regions. The majority of hilar interneurons displayed a strong amplitude decrement prior to the onset of population spike phase of the afterdischarge. These findings suggest that (i) afterdischarges can independently arise in the CA3-CA1 and entorhinal dentate gyrus circuitries, (ii) reverberation of excitation in the hippocampal-entorhinal loop is not critical for the maintenance of afterdischarges and (iii) decreased activity of the interneuronal network may release population bursting of principal cells.
Coregulation of Terpenoid Pathway Genes and Prediction of Isoprene Production in Bacillus subtilis Using Transcriptomics

The isoprenoid pathway converts pyruvate to isoprene and related isoprenoid compounds in plants and some bacteria. Currently, this pathway is of great interest because of the critical role that isoprenoids play in basic cellular processes, as well as the industrial value of metabolites such as isoprene. Although the regulation of several pathway genes has been described, there is a paucity of information regarding system level regulation and control of the pathway. To address these limitations, we examined Bacillus subtilis grown under multiple conditions and determined the relationship between altered isoprene production and gene expression patterns. We found that with respect to the amount of isoprene produced, terpenoid genes fall into two distinct subsets with opposing correlations. The group whose expression levels positively correlated with isoprene production included dxs, which is responsible for the commitment step in the pathway, ispD, and two genes that participate in the mevalonate pathway, yhfS and pksG. The subset of terpenoid genes that inversely correlated with isoprene production included ispH, ispF, hepS, uppS, ispE, and dxr. A genome-wide partial least squares regression model was created to identify other genes or pathways that contribute to isoprene production. These analyses showed that a subset of 213 regulated genes was sufficient to create a predictive model of isoprene production under different conditions and showed correlations at the transcriptional level. We conclude that gene expression levels alone are sufficiently informative about the metabolic state of a cell that produces increased isoprene and can be used to build a model that accurately predicts production of this secondary metabolite across many simulated environmental conditions.
The Hoppel Collection of Fine Minerals—Auction 1 by Heritage Auctions, 3500 Maple Ave., Dallas, TX 75219; HA.com. 2013; 217 pages; $50 (softbound)

The description of an auction catalogue such as this is a significant departure from our usual media reviews. In this case, however, it is appropriate because the catalogue is lavishly illustrated ...
Fuzzy Multi-Level Security: An Experiment on Quantified Risk-Adaptive Access Control

This paper presents a new model for, or rather a new way of thinking about adaptive, risk-based access control. Our basic premise is that there is always inherent uncertainty and risk in access control decisions that is best addressed in an explicit way. We illustrate this concept by showing how the rationale of the well-known, Bell-Lapadula model based, multi-level security (MLS) access control model could be used to develop a risk-adaptive access control model. This new model is more like a fuzzy logic control system than a traditional access control system and hence the name "fuzzy MLS". The long version of this paper is published as an IBM Research Report.
Investigation of Calcium Mechanotransduction by Quasi 3-D Microfiber Mechanical Stimulation of Cells

Fibroblast cells mechanically interact with their environment through several mechanisms, including the formation of focal adhesion complexes (FACs) with adjacent ligands. A quasi-3D (Q3D) experimental device was devised to investigate chemo-mechanical stimulation of these cells. It employed a novel microscopic fixture featuring micropolymer arrays positioned just above a cellular monolayer, enabling mechanical stimulation through dorsal attachment to FACs. This protocol demonstrated the ability to preserve the normal stellate morphology of fibroblasts. Live-cell imaging during mechanical stimulation revealed robust calcium elevation in cells interacting with the Q3D device. This system provides a simple alternative to existing 3D culture methods yet allows dynamic, real-time mechanical probing of cells in a physiologically significant environment as compared to optical or magnetic tweezers.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Examination of the polished surface character of fused silica

Investigation of the surface character of fused silica polished with various compounds dispersed in water identified pH 4 as the optimum condition for high quality. Analyses support the conclusion that at this pH redeposition of hydrated material onto the surface during polishing is limited. Comparative polishing results for Zerodur are included. Improvement of the laser-damage threshold of a coating on the pH 4 polished fused silica is suggested.
The role of hydrogen in amorphous silicon films deposited by the pyrolytic decomposition of silane

Abstract Substrate temperatures in excess of 500°C reduce the hydrogen content of amorphous silicon films deposited by the pyrolytic decomposition of silane to values below 1 at %. Exposure of the films to a hydrogen plasma after deposition raises this level by diffusion and reduces the localized density of state in the gap. σ(1/T) curves are presented for various deposition and hydrogenation parameters that influence the electrical properties of the silicon films. It is found that the action of the hydrogen depends on the method of its introduction, which indicates that the role of hydrogen incorporated during film growth is different from that introduced subsequently by diffusion. Strong variations of σ are observed on samples with identical postdeposition hydrogenation treatment but deposited at different temperatures. It is further found that interactions between dopants and hydrogen are of significance, and that more carriers are liberated from a given dopant concentration once hydrogen is diffused into the material.
The potential of targeting malignant stem cells as a treatment for leukemia

Malignant stem cells have recently been described as the source of several types of human cancer. These unique cell types are typically rare and possess properties that are distinct from most other tumor cells. In leukemia, the natural properties of cancer stem cells indicate that current chemotherapy drugs will not be effective. Consequently, new strategies are required that specifically and preferentially target the cancer stem cell population, whilst sparing normal stem cells. This perspective article summarizes recent findings in the leukemia stem cell field and discusses new directions for therapy.
Flavonoid biosynthesis: ‘new’ functions for an ‘old’ pathway

Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites that have been extensively studied using genetic, biochemical and molecular approaches. Recent analyses have focused on our understanding of the role of flavonoids in such well-established processes as plant-microbe interactions and protection against ultraviolet (UV) light, and have also uncovered a previously unsuspected role in male fertility. These studies demonstrate the utility of flavonoid structures for a broad range of activities, and also highlight the value of the flavonoid pathway as a paradigm for studying the evolution of plant metabolism.