cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal circuit pressure profiles during continuous venovenous haemofiltration

Continuous renal replacement therapy machines are capable of providing continuous pressure measurements at different points of the extracorporeal circuit. This study investigates the pattern of circuit pressure changes during high-volume continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH) with regional anticoagulation with anticoagulant citrate dextrose in formula A. Extracorporeal circuit pressures during 91 treatments of CVVH were analysed. Distinct patterns of extracorporeal circuit pressures were observed: (a) the extracorporeal circuit pressures during a routine uncomplicated CVVH treatment remained close to initial values. The interquartile range (IQR) of pressures during the treatments were as follows: PA (arterial pressure) -3.5 to -10 mmHg, PV (venous pressure) 51 to 41.5 mmHg, PBE (prefilter pressure) 120.5 to 104 mmHg, PD2 (fluid outlet pressure) -23 to -70 mmHg, TMP (transmembrane pressure) 142.75 to 102.75 mmHg and PFD (pressure filter difference) 70 to 62 mmHg. (b) PD2 and TMP showed early separation from baseline values in CVVH treatment compromised by haemofilter clot. Haemofilter clotting problems were associated with median PD2 of -164 mmHg (IQR: -66.2 to -228.7), a fourfold increase from baseline. (c) PA and PV values changed abruptly in catheter-malfunction-related circuit disruption. Poorly functioning catheters tended to have a higher baseline PA (median: -33 versus -25.5) than in those without catheter problems; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.13). (d) A rise in PBE and PFD followed by changes in PD2 and TMP were noted in a treatment disrupted because of air detection chamber clotting. Distinct patterns of extracorporeal circuit pressures were present in patent and disrupted CVVH circuits. We suggest that the pattern of pressure profiles, not absolute values, may be more relevant in clinical practice.
Purchasing, Supply Chain Management and Sustained Competitive Advantage: The Relevance of Resource-based Theory

Contrary to Ramsay's (2001) conclusion and Hunt and Davis's (2008) positioning of their recent article, resource-based theory suggests that purchasing and supply chain management will often have the attributes that can enable them to be sources of sustained competitive advantage.
Effect of stainless steel manual metal arc welding fume on free radical production, DNA damage, and apoptosis induction.

Questions exist concerning the potential carcinogenic effects after welding fume exposure. Welding processes that use stainless steel (SS) materials can produce fumes that may contain metals (e.g., Cr, Ni) known to be carcinogenic to humans. The objective was to determine the effect of in vitro and in vivo welding fume treatment on free radical generation, DNA damage, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction, all factors possibly involved with the pathogenesis of lung cancer. SS welding fume was collected during manual metal arc welding (MMA). Elemental analysis indicated that the MMA-SS sample was highly soluble in water, and a majority (87%) of the soluble metal was Cr. Using electron spin resonance (ESR), the SS welding fume had the ability to produce the biologically reactive hydroxyl radical (•OH), likely as a result of the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(V). In vitro treatment with the MMA-SS sample caused a concentration-dependent increase in DNA damage and lung macrophage death. In addition, a time-dependent increase in the number of apoptotic cells in lung tissue was observed after in vivo treatment with the welding fume. In summary, a soluble MMA-SS welding fume was found to generate reactive oxygen species and cause DNA damage, lung macrophage cytotoxicity and in vivo lung cell apoptosis. These responses have been shown to be involved in various toxicological and carcinogenic processes. The effects observed appear to be related to the soluble component of the MMA-SS sample that is predominately Cr. A more comprehensive in vivo animal study is ongoing in the laboratory that is continuing these experiments to try to elucidate the potential mechanisms that may be involved with welding fume-induced lung disease.
Viscosity of xanthan gum solutions at low shear rates.

The viscosity of xanthan gum solutions in the low shear region was investigated with the aid of a Couette instrument. All solutions were highly pseudoplastic . Solutions containing 0.3-0.5% of the gum exhibited a highly ordered phase at very low shear. Viscosity, the degree of pseudoplasticity , and the value of the transition from soft gel to pseudoplastic behavior were directly related to gum concentration. The effect of the addition of a salt on viscosity depended on the xanthan gum concentration. The viscosity of a 0.3% xanthan gum solution was practically unaffected by the salts. Higher gum concentrations exhibited a viscosity increase when salt was present. Concentrations less than 0.3% exhibited a viscosity decrease in the presence of a salt. All viscosity effects seemed to reach limiting values at approximately 10(-3) to 3.3 X 10(-3) N salt. No major differences were observed between sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium citrate in their influence on xanthan gum viscosity.
A CAMAC and Microprocessor Based Target Room Control System

A set of CAMAC modules has been designed to facilitate control applications in a Tandem Van de Graaff target room. One of the modules is a U-type crate controller designed to operate with microcomputers such as the Intel SBC 80/20 or those utilizing the S-100 bus. The other modules are based on a common design using a microprocessor as a control element and modular construction techniques.
From Defence to security: British policy in transition

(1994). From Defence to security: British policy in transition. Survival: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 142-161.
Student Laptop Use and Scores on Standardized Tests

Objectives:The primary objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between ubiquitous laptop use and academic achievement. It was hypothesized that students with ubiquitous laptops would score on average higher on standardized tests than those without such computers.Methods:Data were obtained from two sources. First, demographic and computer usage information was obtained through face-to-face interviews of 4th and 5th grade students enrolled in an ethnically diverse elementary school in Southern California. Student achievement and related data were obtained from existing school records. An unmatched case-control group design was implemented. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate techniques were performed on the data.Results:Overall English/Language Arts and Mathematics scores for the entire sample were 359 and 396 respectively in 2008. Students who were given 24/7 laptop computers, however, had higher scores in English/Language Arts (M = 392.7, SD = 34.98) than students without laptops (...
Pulmonary lipoblastoma in an 18‐month‐old child: A unique tumor in children

Lipoblastoma, a rare benign tumor of adipose tissue, typically occurs in the superficial or deep layers of soft tissue on the trunk or extremities. Other sites of occurrence include the head, neck, and retroperitoneum. Lipoblastoma of the chest wall and parietal pleural have been reported, but occurrence within the lung has not been previously described. We report a case of pulmonary lipoblastoma in a young child presenting with complete opacification of the left hemithorax and mediastinal shift on chest radiograph. A lobectomy was performed, and the diagnosis was made by histological examination.
The new Computer Science: It meets many needs

Requests from local industries led to the need for new curricula in Computer Science at the University of South Carolina at Spartanburg. The faculty discovered that the body of courses outlined in Curriculum 78 could be manipulated into alternative curricula, while leaving the standard ACM major intact. Indeed, the ACM curriculum includes exactly half of the “technical” courses required in the DPMA Model Curriculum. Thus, by using Curriculum 78 as a base, it is possible to implement a number of specialized degree programs without creating new courses and adding the new faculty required to teach them.
Regulating Aversion: Tolerance in the Age of Identity and Empire

Regulating Aversion: Tolerance in the Age of Identity and Empire. By Wendy Brown. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 282p. $29.95. Globalization, population migration, multiculturalism, identity politics, 9/11, and the war on terror—if one thinks of tolerance as an art for reconciling differences, then the need for it would seem to be greater than ever. However, tolerance, as T. M. Scanlon argues (The Difficulty of Tolerance, 2003), is never easy. At the very least, it means acknowledging that other people whom I dislike are entitled to the same legal protections as I am and should be equally free to decide how to live their lives. Asking me to avert my eyes or look away from those beliefs and ways of life that I find repugnant may mean that tolerance comes close to being an “impossible virtue” (Bernard Williams, “Toleration: An Impossible Virtue?” in David Heyd, ed., Toleration: An Elusive Virtue, 1996), but the alternative—intolerance—seems a nonstarter. So for many of us the choice between tolerance and intolerance seems easy. Indeed, many liberals assume that tolerance is a defining feature of any decent society.
Sustained Storage and Transport of Hydraulic Gold Mining Sediment in the Bear River, California

large deposits of hydraulic gold mining sediment remain in main channels of the Bear River more than 100 years after the cessation of mining. This study examines these deposits and reevaluates Gilbert's (1917) clas- sic model of sediment transport in a symmet- rical wave that is based on hydraulic mining sediment primarily in the Yuba Basin. Sus- tained storage and transport of hydraulic min- ing sediment in the Bear Basin are docu- mented and a revised model of sediment transport is proposed. In the lower Bear Basin, subsurface coring indicates that about 106 million cubic meters of mining sediment remain stored. This vol- ume is more than double previous estimates of storage in the lower basin, and is greater than any previous estimate of storage in the entire basin, even though it excludes a large volume of mining sediment remaining in the mountains. More than 90 percent of the lower basin deposit remains in storage. In the upper basin, surface dimensions of the deposit, measured from cross-sections, reveal depths of erosion and the storage of an extensive but unknown volume of mining sediment. Field and historical evidence is presented of the continued reworking of mining sediment. Frequent flows are competent to move chan- nel-bed material derived from mining sedi- ment. Sediment erosion, transport, redepo- sition, and lack of dilution document sustained remobilization of mining sediment. Sediment loads are now greater than pre-mining values, which were constrained by bedrock-domi- nated channels. This sustained transport is in contrast to Gilbert's symmetrical wave model that predicts a rapid return of sediment loads to pre-mining levels. The empirical foundation of the symmetri- cal wave model is biased. Channel incision in the Sacramento Valley has been promoted by several factors in addition to decreased sedi- ment loads and does not confirm the return of sediment loads to pre-mining levels. A re- vised, skewed sediment wave model is pro- posed for basins with a large component of long-term channel storage. This conceptual model is in better harmony with growing evi- dence of the importance of sediment storage in and near channels to long-term sediment loads. The persistence of anthropogenic sed- iment in fluvial systems may be much greater than implied by Gilbert's model.
A global interconnect optimization scheme for nanometer scale VLSI with implications for latency, bandwidth, and power dissipation

This paper addresses the critical problem of global wire optimization for nanometer scale very large scale integration technologies, and elucidates the impact of such optimization on power dissipation, bandwidth, and performance. Specifically, this paper introduces a novel methodology for optimizing global interconnect width, which maximizes a novel figure of merit (FOM) that is a user-defined function of bandwidth per unit width of chip edge and latency. This methodology is used to develop analytical expressions for optimum interconnect widths for typical FOMs for two extreme scenarios regarding line spacing: 1) spacing kept constant at its minimum value and 2) spacing kept the same as line width. These expressions have been used to compute the optimal global interconnect width and quantify the effect of increasing the line width on various performance metrics such as delay per unit length, total repeater area and power dissipation, and bandwidth for various International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors technology nodes.
Psychobiological Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability: Implications for Successful Adaptation to Extreme Stress

Objective: Most research on the effects of severe psychological stress has focused on stress-related psychopathology. Here, the author develops psychobiological models of resilience to extreme stress. Method: An integrative model of resilience and vulnerability that encompasses the neurochemical response patterns to acute stress and the neural mechanisms mediating reward, fear conditioning and extinction, and social behavior is proposed. Results: Eleven possible neurochemical, neuropeptide, and hormonal mediators of the psychobiological response to extreme stress were identified and related to resilience or vulnerability. The neural mechanisms of reward and motivation (hedonia, optimism, and learned helpfulness), fear responsiveness (effective behaviors despite fear), and adaptive social behavior (altruism, bonding, and teamwork) were found to be relevant to the character traits associated with resilience. Conclusions: The opportunity now exists to bring to bear the full power of advances in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of behavior to facilitate the discoveries needed to predict, prevent, and treat stress-related psychopathology.
1857 Slip on the San Andreas Fault Southeast of Cholame, California

Sieh and Jahns (1984) forecasted that the next moderate Parkfield earthquake might trigger a major earthquake along a fault segment greater than 30 km long southeast of Cholame. Their forecast assumed (1) the slip was 3–4 m in 1857 and characteristic of the segment; (2) a slip rate of 3.4 cm/yr; and (3) full strain release in earthquakes. This study represents an independent measurement of channel offsets, on 1:2400-scale low-sun aerial photographs and by field investigation, to estimate the amount of 1857 slip. Although rainfall is only moderate (30 cm/yr), few reliable offsets of less than 20 m persist here because cattle grazing and agricultural disking of soft sediments on the steep terrain greatly aggravate erosion. Reconstruction of offset geometry and size depends heavily on assumptions made about the post-1857 erosion. Most of the apparent 3- to 4-m offsets of Sieh and Jahns (1984) can also be measured as 2 to 3 m larger with equal or lower uncertainty. The four offsets judged as most reliable range between 5.4 and 6.7 m, and the 11 offsets of medium-high reliability average 5.8 ± 0.3 m. Data are too sparse and ambiguous to resolve details of the 1857 slip for this segment but it is distinctly less than the 9 m of the Carrizo Plain and more than the 3–4 m previously estimated. Further trenching may refine some measurements, but probability calculations for a Cholame segment earthquake must allow for large observer-dependent uncertainty in the 1857 slip. Although the probability of an M ≥7 Cholame event seems less than that suggested by a 3.5-m characteristic earthquake model, it remains among the highest in the state.
Extrusion of pectin and glycerol with various combinations of orange albedo and starch

Microstructural and mechanical properties of extruded pectin and glycerol films with various combinations of orange albedo and starch were determined by universal mechanical testing (UMT), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A glass transition and a second order transition attributed to the onset of translational motion of the pectin molecules was observed in all films. Observation by OM suggested that extrusion in the presence of dilute HCl was more effective in disintegrating albedo than either water or dilute citric acid. UMT, DMA and SEM analysis revealed that extruded pectin/albedo/starch/glycerol films provided better mechanical properties than pectin/albedo/glycerol films and were comparable in mechanical properties to extruded pectin/starch/glycerol films.
Combination of Sulphasalazine and Methotrexate in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis—view Based on Personal Clinical Experience

Over the past fifteen years, there has been increasing interest in the use of combinations of medications to better suppress the inflammatory process that leads to progressive disability in most rheumatoid arthritis patients. We have been evaluating the combination of sulphasalazine and methotrexate for the last 8 years. Although these data are uncontrolled, our experience would suggest that this combination is well tolerated. Furthermore, flares of disease occurring with attempts to withdraw either of the two agents suggest that the combination may be effective when the use of these agents individually has not.
Low cross talk, high-extinction-ratio wavelength switching based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers

Summary form only given. The future high-speed optical behaviour will incorporate all-optical wavelength converters to allow information to be transferred between channels in a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) or optical FDM transmission system. Analogous to a space switch, wavelength switching elements must: be cascadable and provide low cross talk and high signal-to-noise ratio. Four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is desirable for frequency conversion due to its continuous tuning and transparency to modulation format.
Absorption of tricarballylic acid from the rumen of sheep and cattle fed forages containing trans-aconitic acid

Some forages accumulate high concentrations (<5% of dry matter) of trans-aconitate, and this acid has been implicated in Mg chelation and the occurrence of grass tetany in ruminants. In vitro experiments have indi- cated that rumen microorganisms convert trans-aconitate to tricarballyl- ate. The feeding studies described here were conducted to demonstrate absorption of tricarballylate by ruminant animals fed diets similar to those producing grass tetany. When sheep were switched from a diet containing alfalfa (lucerne) (Medicago sativa L.) hay (no detectable trans-aconitate) to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) forage containing 1 .52 and 1 .37% trans-aconitate, respectively, there was a rapid increase in blood plasma tricarballylate. Trans-aconitate was not detected in the plasma. At 16 h after feeding, plasma tricarballylate concentrations were 0-58±0 .08 and 0 .48±0 .21 mm in sheep fed the wheat and rye forage, respectively. Tricarballylate concentrations remained relatively constant for the remaining 60 h of the experiment. Cattle were fed rye forage one week later, and the concentration of trans-aconitate in the forage had dropped to 0 .83% of the dry matter. Once again there was a rapid
Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Internet Malicious Sources

This paper presents a large scale longitudinal study of the spatial and temporal features of malicious source addresses. The basis of our study is a 402-day trace of over 7 billion Internet intrusion attempts provided by DShield.org, which includes 160 million unique source addresses. Specifically, we focus on spatial distributions and temporal characteristics of malicious sources. First, we find that one out of 27 hosts is potentially a scanning source among 232 IPv4 addresses. We then show that malicious sources have a persistent, non-uniform spatial distribution. That is, more than 80% of the sources send packets from the same 20% of the IPv4 address space over time. We also find that 7.3% of malicious source addresses are unroutable, and that some source addresses are correlated. Next, we show that most sources have a short lifetime. 57.9 % of the source addresses appear only once in the trace, and 90% of source addresses appear less than 5 times. These results have implications for both attacks and defenses.
Thermal Contact Electronic Packaging in Solar Pointing Space Environment

A thermal design for a solar pointing space shuttle mission is presented. The apparatus, which will measure solar flux intensity variations, contains sensors and data acquisition electronics which must be maintained within certain temperature constraints. The thermal design, which utilizes parallel heat flow paths and conduction fins to reject dissipated heat, is shown by finite difference thermal modeling to maintain component temperatures within these constraints. In the thermal modeling, arithmetic nodes are used to represent surface radiosity for radiation heat transfer. Also, the concept of mean fin conduction length and effective fin capacitance are introduced as means of simplifying the model representation of the conduction fins. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the chip/fin contact conductance.
Differences and Similarities in Men's and Women's Sexual Self-Schemas

In the last 10 years, researchers have developed separate rating scales for men and women that purport to measure a person's thoughts about their sexual self or sexual self-schema. While these scales are promising, there are some problems intrinsic to these measures. This study addresses these concerns and tests a combined measure for use among both men and women, while retaining internal consistency and a factor structure similar to the women's scale. Having both men and women complete the same scale permitted a comparison of how men and women think about their sexual selves. In this study, gender differences netted a small effect, with men scoring lower on both the loving/warmth and reserved/conservative factors compared to women. Results are discussed in terms of future research with this new scale and the meaning of gender differences along these dimensions.
Atomic force microscopy based nano manipulation towards CNT-ISFET pH sensing system

In this paper, we present a novel means by which nano manipulation can be realized on a field effect transistor (FET) surface. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip as a manipulation tool, micro and nano scale channels are created between the gap of a pair of gold (Au) electrodes. Following a dielectrophoresis (DEP) process, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are deposited and aligned perfectly inside the channels cut by the AFM. Then, the two electrodes are bridged and ready to be developed as an ion-selective field effect transistor (ISFET) structure that has the potential to work as a high-performance pH sensor. Owing to the unique electrical properties of CNTs, such as conductivity (either metallic or semiconducting) and great current carrying capacity (∼1 TA/cm3), there is a huge possibility that this CNT-based ISFET system is a much better replacement for the existing ISFET-based pH sensors. The pH sensing system will be much more compact, cheaper and reproducible, and no longer need outside amplifier circuits, which will have huge benefits in industry, biology as well as medicine.
Immunotherapy in the Poisoned Patient

Immunotherapy for reversal of toxicity due to poisons and drugs is not new. However, refinements in antibody isolation and purification as well as the advancement of hybridoma technology and recombinant DNA biotechnology has led to a new generation of immunotherapeutic and diagnostic agents.
Stability of a subarctic saltmarsh: Plant community resistance to tidal inundation

AbstractWe investigated the effects of tidal inundation and grazing pressure on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization and plant community characteristics in the predominant plant communities used by breeding black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) in southwestern Alaska. Three plant communities dominate the outer coastal zone, the lowest in elevation being Carex subspathacea grazing lawns, the next being C. ramenskii meadows, and the highest being a slough levee community. We flooded each of these communities in the field with tidal waters (mean total dissolved salts 28.3 ± 0.7 g L-1) at different frequencies for two growing seasons. Relative to controls, treatments that were flooded weekly had soils that had two-, three-, and six-fold increases in salinity in the C. subspathacea, C. ramenskii, and slough levee communities, respectively. We detected no effect of flooding on either soil carbon or nitrogen mineralization, nor any effect on live plant standing biomass and net aboveground primary productivi...
An Historical and Empirical Exploration of Judicial Diversity in Federal Courts

Descriptive representation is an important issue within democratic institutions. Although constitutionally designed to be the least popularly accountable branch of government, issues of representation can be just as important for the nation’s federal judiciary. In this paper, we examine the descriptive representation of jurists on the federal appellate courts. More specifically, we analyze the background characteristics of judges on the US Courts of Appeals from 1801-2012 and of justices on the US Supreme Court for its entire history commencing in 1789. In terms of background characteristics, we look to racial and gender diversity. However, we also look beyond these more traditional representative characteristics, as we also examine ethnic, religious, and professional backgrounds of federal judges. We find that the federal courts have been dominated by judges whose backgrounds reflect immigration patters in the country, as early on most judges were White males of northern European descent with Protestant affiliations. However, as immigration patterns changed to more southern European trends as well as from Latin America and Asia, eventually judges reflected these broader changes in society. As well, gender and racial diversity has increased in the past few generations. Moreover, the professional backgrounds of federal judges include many with prosecutorial or other government experience, whether appointed or elected. These findings show that judges are involved and experienced in politics prior to their ascent to the federal courts, which along with their background characteristics may influence their decision making on the bench.
Abstract 522: Limited and Gene-Specific Down-Regulation of PPAR Delta Target Genes by Dominant-Negative PPAR Gamma in Mesenteric Artery.

PPARγ is a ligand-activated transcription factor expressed in multiple tissues including the vasculature. Individuals with a mutation in the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ (P467L) are insulin resistant and have early onset hypertension. Targeted expression of P467L PPARγ to smooth muscle of transgenic mice (S-P467L) increased blood pressure, induced aortic dysfunction, and enhanced myogenic tone in the mesenteric artery. To examine the mechanisms underlying these changes, we used the Affymetrix exon array to perform gene expression profiling of mesenteric arteries from S-P467L and non-transgenic (NT) littermates (n =3 for S-P467L, n=4 for NT). Classic PPARγ target genes, as a group, were down-regulated (p
When People Serve as Means to Goals Implications of a Motivational Account of Close Relationships

Goal pursuit is almost always conducted in concert with helpful others. People serve as instrumental means to goals, and evaluations of people are shaped by their perceived instrumentality. Assistance from another person may elicit feelings of relationship satisfaction and commitment. Assisting others in their goal pursuit is also gratifying. We present a novel goal-systemic perspective on close relationships. Our analysis suggests that satisfying relationships are achieved when partners experience mutual perceived instrumentality—when each partner feels instrumental to his or her partner’s important goals and perceives the partner as instrumental to his or her important goals. Considering relationship partners as means to goals has important implications for relationship processes including attraction, relationship maintenance, and relationship dissolution.
Evidence for risk stratification when monitoring for toxicities following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVE Laboratory monitoring is recommended during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but the pattern of detected abnormalities and optimal monitoring are unknown. We assessed laboratory abnormalities during initial cART in 2000-2010 across the United States. DESIGN Observational study in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems Cohort. METHODS Among patients with normal results within a year prior to cART initiation, time to first significant abnormality was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by event type, with censoring at first of regimen change, loss to follow-up, or 104 weeks. Incidence rates of first events were estimated using Poisson regression; multivariable analyses identified associated factors. Results were stratified by time (16 weeks) from therapy initiation. RESULTS A total of 3470 individuals contributed 3639 person-years. Median age, pre-cART CD4, and follow-up duration were 40 years, 206 cells/μl, and 51 weeks, respectively. Incidence rates for significant abnormalities (per 100 person-years) in the first 16 weeks post-cART initiation were as follows: lipid=49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 41-58]; hematologic=44 (40-49); hepatic=24 (20-27); and renal=9 (7-11), dropping substantially during weeks 17-104 of cART to lipid=23 (18-29); hematologic=5 (4-6); hepatic=6 (5-8); and renal=2 (1-3) (all P<0.05). Among patients receiving initial cART with no prior abnormality (N=1889), strongest associations for hepatic abnormalities after 16 weeks were hepatitis B and C [hazard ratio=2.3 (95% CI 1.2-4.5) and hazard ratio=3.0 (1.9-4.5), respectively]. The strongest association for renal abnormalities was hypertension [hazard ratio=2.8 (1.4-5.6)]. CONCLUSION New abnormalities decreased after week 16 of cART. For abnormalities not present by week 16, subsequent monitoring should be guided by comorbidities.
Piezospectroscopic Studies of Exchange-Coupled Cr 3 + Ion Pairs in Ruby

The sharp-line spectrum of exchange-coupled chromium ion pairs has been investigated with the aid of piezospectroscopic techniques. The lines shift and split under stress in characteristic ways which permit positive identification of a principal fluorescent transition with each of the four nearest-neighbor pair types. When combined with measurement of absorption as a function of temperature, these results allow determination of full exchange multiplets for several neighbor types. The exchange values thus determined are compared with the macroscopic properties of the homologous antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. While static stress was used for most of these studies, a more sensitive dynamic method with alternating stresses is also described. It is especially useful for identifying weak pair lines obscured by other features of the spectrum.
Retroperitoneal Abscess Presenting as Emphysema of the Thigh

Leg pain may be a presenting symptom of intra-abdominal disease. I report a case of subcutaneous emphysema of the thigh that was a complication of diverticular perforation and abscess formation. Healthy leg muscle was found at operation, showing that myonecrosis need not necessarily be present even with finding of extensive gas accumulation.
Problem-Solving Courts

Therapeutic courts, also known as problem-solving courts, have been formed for many specific types of offenders, such as Drug Court, Domestic Violence courts, Community Courts, habitual offender courts, and Mental Health court. The commonality in all of these courts is that the focus is generally on treatment rather than punishment.
The Effects of a Salespersons’ Credibility on Other Salespersons and Sales Managers

Selling is one of the major institutions in a viable competitive economy. The number of sales‐ persons in the United States has grown by more than one million since 1980 and now numbers approximately seven million (Storholm 1982). Each year some 180,000 new university and college graduates join the ranks of salespeople (Futrell 1981). A large majority of these new salespeople will be employed as industrial salespersons.
Detection of diffusive cloak via second-order statistics

Size and position (including depth) of diffusive cloak is shown to be detectable via second-order statistics of transmitted waves. Analytical expression for suppression of the non-Rayleigh contribution to intensity fluctuation is obtained.
Detection of y-ray lines

Although detectable y-ray line emission from various astrophysical sources has been predicted for over two decades, it is only recently that positive results have been obtained. The first unambiguous extraterrestrial lines were from the great solar flares of 2 and 4 August 1972, at 0.5, 2.2 and 4.4 MeV . Earlier reports from balloon observations of lines from the galactic centre and Cen A near 2.2, 4.4 and 6.13 MeV seem not to have been confirmed by more recent spacecraft observations. The 0.5 MeV line seems definitely to have been seen from the galactic centre region. Lines at various energies have also been detected from transient events and during cosmic y-ray bursts. Earlier limits from balloons were at 10 -3 ph cm-2 s -1 ; recent observations and limits are nearer 10 -4 ph cm -2 s -1 . The Gamma-Ray Observatory to be launched in 1985 will carry an array of cooled Ge detectors whose sensitivity will be ca. 10 -5 ph cm -2 s -1 .
A cost analysis of remote monitoring in a heart failure program.

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine the cost per outcomes of remote monitoring services in home health care. The methodology followed case matched design via retrospective chart reviews. Results of the chi-square test suggest that there were no significant associations between the intervention and hospital readmissions, χ2 = (1, n = 210, p-value = .71, phi = .71). An independent t-test compared group means of the number of skilled nursing visits and agency costs, p-value of .002 and .000, respectively, favoring the standard of care group. Based on this data set, the home care agency lost $153.46 for each hospital readmission in the intervention group. The cost of care complicated the agency’s resources through an increase in nursing visits without offsetting the agency’s investment into technology; the cost did not support remote monitoring as a financially viable option to the standard of care.
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery, Particularly with Reduced Fetal Growth, is Associated with DNA Hypomethylation of Tumor Related Genes

Background: Preterm delivery and sub-optimal fetal growth are associated with each other and affect both mother and infant. Our aim was to determine (i) whether there are detectable differences in DNA methylation between early and late gestation and (ii) whether changes in DNA methylation from entry are associated with spontaneous preterm delivery with and without reduced fetal growth. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested within a large prospective cohort. Gene specific methylation was measured by Methyl-Profiler PCR Array in a Human Breast Cancer Signature Panel of 24 genes from maternal peripheral leukocytes genomic DNA at entry and 3rd trimester (sampled at 16 and 30 weeks of gestation, respectively). Clonal bisulfite DNA sequencing was performed to confirm the changes in selected genes (CYP1B1, GADD45A and CXCL12). Multivariable analysis was used for data analysis. Results: There was significantly decrease in DNA methylation in 15 of 24 genes during the 3rd trimester in cases of spontaneous preterm delivery (n=23) as compared to the controls (n=19) (p<0.05-p<0.01 for each gene). Similar results were observed by bisulfite sequencing for 3 genes. The change in DNA methylation between late and early gestation was significantly different in cases (overall decrease in methylation was -4.0 ± 1.5%) compared to the controls (overall increase in methylation was 12.6 ± 2.19%, p<0.0001). A graded pattern of DNA methylation was observed in 15 genes. Cases who delivered preterm with reduced fetal growth had the lowest level of methylation, cases delivering preterm without reduced fetal growth were next and term controls were highest in methylation (p for trend <0.05 to p<0.01 for each gene). Cases of preterm delivery also had significantly lower dietary choline intake. Conclusions: These data suggest that epigenetic modification is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, spontaneous preterm delivery with reduced fetal growth in particular.
Abstract 5413: Intracellular ATP reduction by an artificial protein as a novel approach to cancer therapy

Introduction: The use of chemotherapeutic agents that target key metabolic processes in cancer cells is an important therapeutic strategy. As a result of reduced mitochondrial activity, adenine triphosphate (ATP) is produced mainly by aerobic glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol of cancer cells (Warburg effect). Since ATP is a vital energy carrier that is crucial for various biochemical reactions in cancerous cells, interfering with the production/availability of ATP offers a new approach to cancer therapy. To assess this idea, a man-made synthetic ATP-binding protein, DX, was tested as a novel cancer therapy. Hypothesis: Reduced ATP availability, due to the expression of DX in HeLa cells, will negatively affect cellular metabolism and viability. Methods: For controlled expression, DX was cloned into the pcDNA™5/TO expression vector (with an N-terminal FLAG tag), whose expression is driven by a tetracycline-regulated cytomegalovirus promoter. Cultured T-REx™ HeLa cells (which stably express the tetracycline repressor protein) were transfected with pcDNA™5/TO::DX. As a control for transfection and DX expression, T-REx™ HeLa cells were transfected with pcDNA™5/TO/lacZ and cultured under identical conditions. The impact of DX expression on cell viability and morphology was assessed using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric cell viability assay and by light and fluorescent microscopy. To assess the impact of ATP depletion in combination with currently used anti-cancer agents on HeLa cell viability, toxicity assays were performed comparing Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, or Gemcitabine treatment alone or in combination with DX. Results: HeLa cells expressing DX experienced reduced viability and altered morphology compared to cells expressing lacZ alone. These results suggest that ATP depletion potentiate cell death in HeLa cells. HeLa cells treated singly with DX do not possess the same level of toxicity as compared with the tested chemotherapy agents. Of the chemotherapy agents assayed, DX displayed a synergistic effect with Doxorubicin to reduce cell viability. Conclusion: Reduced intracellular ATP levels, mediated by a synthetic ATP-binding protein, negatively affects the viability of cervical cancer cells. The reduction in ATP, and the consequence of this on biochemical pathways and cell viability requires further investigation. We suggest that artificial proteins, such as DX, could be used to control and regulate specific targets in metabolic pathways and represents a new approach for cancer chemotherapy. Citation Format: Dennis Datuin, Matt Hamada, Bernardo Chavira, Andrew Fontes, Nagaraj Vinay Janthakahalli, Shaleen Korch. Intracellular ATP reduction by an artificial protein as a novel approach to cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5413. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5413
Many-body Coulomb perturbation of azimuthal α-α correlations

The perturbation of azimuthal \ensuremath{\alpha}-\ensuremath{\alpha} correlations by many-body Coulomb interactions with other emitted particles is investigated. Individual emissions are simulated by modeling instantaneous emission from the surface of a hot rotating gas. Upon emission, the particle trajectories are calculated by means of classical calculations which incorporate the many-body Coulomb interaction between the emitted particles and the emitting source. For high-multiplicity events, the initial azimuthal correlation between emitted \ensuremath{\alpha} particles can be attenuated by final-state Coulomb interactions. The effect is most pronounced for \ensuremath{\alpha} particles emitted close to the barrier, but it appears of minor importance for \ensuremath{\alpha} particles emitted at large relative angles and at energies well above the Coulomb barrier. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Joint estimation of multiple Gaussian graphical models across unbalanced classes

Abstract The problem of jointly estimating unbalanced multi-class Gaussian graphical models is considered. Most existing methods require equal or similar sample sizes among classes. However, many real applications do not have similar sample sizes. Hence, the joint adaptive graphical lasso, a weighted l 1 penalized approach is proposed for unbalanced multi-class problems. The joint adaptive graphical lasso approach combines information across classes so that their common characteristics can be shared during the estimation process. Regularization is also introduced into the adaptive term. Simulation studies show that the new approach performs better than existing methods in terms of false positive rate, accuracy, Mathews correlation coefficient, and false discovery rate. The advantages of the new approach are also demonstrated using a liver cancer data set.
Is consciousness intrinsically valuable

There are some things that we think are intrinsically valuable, or valuable for their own sake. Is consciousness—subjective, qualitative experience—one of those things? Some theorists favor the positive view, according to which consciousness is intrinsically valuable. According to a positive theorist, consciousness itself accrues intrinsic value, independent of the particular kind of experience instantiated. In contrast, I favor the neutral view, according to which consciousness is neither intrinsically valuable nor disvaluable. The primary purpose of this paper is to clarify what is at stake when we ask whether consciousness is intrinsically valuable, to carve out the theoretical space, and to evaluate the question rigorously. The secondary purpose is to show why the neutral view is attractive and why certain arguments for the positive view do not work.
PROCESO DE INTEGRACIÓN DE AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE

El presente articulo presenta un analisis del proceso de integracion de America Latina y el Caribe, su nivel de complejidad, los distintos mecanismos existentes y su importancia para el desarrollo de los paises de la region y el bienestar de la poblacion. Para hacerle frente a este desafio, se recurrio en primera medida al analisis historico (heuristico, critico y sintesis) de los procesos de integracion a nivel de Norte America, Centroamerica, Sur America y el Caribe. La segunda decision metodologica, implico estudiar desde la sociologia politica, la experiencia propia de cada mecanismo de integracion; identificando logros, dificultades, retos y perspectivas, frente a la composicion geopolitica de la region. Los resultados apuntan a que el proceso de integracion latinoamericana y caribena ha tomado decadas; ha sido un largo proceso con avances y retrocesos. En el proceso de integracion se han tenido que superar situaciones dificiles, que provocaron la incorporacion de temas como: la desigualdad social, el cambio climatico, la seguridad alimentaria, justicia, democracia, participacion ciudadana, corrupcion.
Reaction temperature constraints in DNA computing

Using the thermodynamics of DNA melting, a technique is proposed to choose a reaction temperature for the DNA computation that minimizes the potential for mishybridizations.
Modulation of Cigarette Smoke Effects by Diet and Antioxidants

7.2 Observational Studies: Modulation of Cigarette Smoking-Related Chronic Diseases by Dietary Antioxidants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 7.2.1 Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 7.2.2 Cardiovascular Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 7.3 Primary Prevention Studies: Modulation of Cigarette Smoking-Related Chronic Diseases by Antioxidant Supplements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 7.3.1 Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases . . . . . . . 203 7.4 Biomarker Studies: Modulation of Cigarette Smoking-Related Oxidative Stress by Antioxidant Supplements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 7.4.1 Vitamin C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 7.4.2. Vitamin E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 7.4.3 Combinations of Antioxidants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 7.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 7.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Philip J Morris: Some history and professional achievements

This introduction contains personal information and a summary of numerous technical achievements of Professor Philip J. Morris, an incredibly talented aeroacoustician and a true gentleman. Phil’s d...
Authorship and Impact of Gender-Specific Research in Major Radiology Journals.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to quantify the relationship between author gender and publication topic, as well as the impact of gender-related research. Methods We reviewed all original research publications in Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology, and Academic Radiology from 2011 through 2015. For each article, we recorded the gender of all authors and the last author H-index, years in practice, and academic rank. The total citations and citation rate (citations per year) were calculated for each article. Articles were categorized as gender-neutral, women’s health, or men’s health. Results There were 1,934 publications involving 11,657 authors. Women represented 30% of first, 25% of last, and 28% of all authors. There were 1,596 (83%) gender-neutral, 276 (14%) women’s health, and 61 (3%) men’s health articles. Women’s health articles were associated with a female first (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0, P Conclusion Radiology researchers publish more often on topics related to their own gender. Furthermore, men’s and women’s health research generates more citations than gender-neutral research.