cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of a Home Nasogastric Monitoring Program for Premature Infants

Purpose: Evaluate a novel Home Monitoring Program (HMP) where premature infants are cared for at home with a nasogastric tube in place prior to achievement of full oral feeding. The HMP combines a digital, fully EMR-integrated, virtual daily rounding platform with provider video and telephone contact. Methods: A case-control study was performed by evaluating infants less than 35 weeks’ gestation who were followed in our HMP prior to achievement of full oral feeding. The criteria for entrance into the HMP were PMA > 35 weeks, weight > 2kg, completed …
Ca2+ transients in ICC-MY define the basis for the dominance of the corpus in gastric pacemaking.

Abstract Myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-MY) generate and actively propagate electrical slow waves in the stomach. Slow wave generation and propagation are altered in gastric motor disorders, such as gastroparesis, and the mechanism for the gradient in slow wave frequency that facilitates proximal to distal propagation of slow waves and normal gastric peristalsis is poorly understood. Slow waves depend upon Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (encoded by Ano1). We characterized Ca2+ signaling in ICC-MY in situ using mice engineered to have cell-specific expression of GCaMP6f in ICC. Ca2+ signaling differed in ICC-MY in corpus and antrum. Localized Ca2+ transients were generated from multiple firing sites and were organized into Ca2+ transient clusters (CTCs). Ca2+ transient refractory periods occurred upon cessation of CTCs, but a relatively higher frequency of Ca2+ transients persisted during the inter-CTC interval in corpus than in antrum ICC-MY. The onset of Ca2+ transients after the refractory period was associated with initiation of the next CTC. Thus, CTCs were initiated at higher frequencies in corpus than in antrum ICC-MY. Initiation and propagation of CTCs (and electrical slow waves) depends upon T-type Ca2+ channels, and durations of CTCs relied upon L-type Ca2+ channels. The durations of CTCs mirrored the durations of slow waves. CTCs and Ca2+ transients between CTCs resulted from release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and were maintained, in part, by store-operated Ca2+ entry. Our data suggest that Ca2+ release and activation of Ano1 channels both initiate and contribute to the plateau phase of slow waves.
Propranolol treatment for chylothorax after congenital cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE Postoperative chylothorax causes significant morbidities in pediatric patients with cardiac disease. New treatment approaches based on evolving understanding of underlying lymphatic dysfunction are being developed. We hypothesized that propranolol reduces morbidities and duration of chest tube requirement in high-output chylous effusion. METHODS The postoperative courses of 50 pediatric patients with cardiac disease and high-output chylous effusion (control, n = 25; propranolol-treated, n = 25) were reviewed, including morbidities, length of hospitalization, and duration of chest tube requirement. Statistical analysis was performed using Welch's t test, Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables, and chi-square and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables. Univariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of response. RESULTS Propranolol response was defined as 80% or more drainage reduction in 9 days or less. Treated patients were grouped into responders ( 10 days). Neither initial amount of drainage (P = .12) nor day of propranolol initiation (P = .17) correlated with response. When compared with controls and nonresponders, responders had significantly fewer days with chest tube requirement (P < .01), infection (P < .0002), and thrombus (P = .005), and shorter hospitalization (P < .05). All patients had low serum albumin, although nonresponders had significantly decreased serum albumin when compared with responders and control patients (P < .002), and were more likely to receive albumin replacement (P < .01). Malnutrition was prevalent in all patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Responders to propranolol had significantly less morbidity and duration of chest tube requirement when compared with control patients and nonresponders. Nonresponders did not have worse outcomes than control patients. We conclude that propranolol may be an effective treatment of patients with refractory chylothorax.
Creating a New Heaven and a New Earth: Megachurches and the Reengineering of America’s Spiritual Soil

As the American population suburbanized in the last half of the twentieth century, new forms of religious institutions have arisen to reflect and serve this new demographic. While the greatest number of houses of worship and congregations continues to resemble the classic image of “church,” a larger and larger proportion of participants in religious activities attend huge megachurches, defined as houses of worship that have a weekly attendance of 2000 or more adults and children. Seeking accessibility to their suburban membership, these churches locate on large plots of land near Interstates and other major highways. Worship space for thousands features theater seating surrounding a central stage augmented with high-technology projection screens and sound systems. The campuses also include space for religious education, offices, activity centers, and offices for large staffs as well as snack bars and bookstores. Huge parking lots to accommodate attenders’ vehicles surround the buildings. For suburbanites, these churches resemble other institutions in their lives, such as shopping malls, corporate headquarters, and educational institutions more than the traditional churches they may have rejected. In order to maintain closer interpersonal relations within the large membership, megachurches feature a vast array of small-group activities and ministries for adults and youth. As these churches have grown larger, some have used satellite campuses and even “virtual” branches on the Internet to supplement the main campus.
Poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer.

BackgroundPoorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma (ATC) comprise a small subset of thyroid tumors that are associated with a poor prognosi...
Thrombocytosis in patients with celiac sprue.

In 57% of the patients (12 of 25) seen with celiac sprue, as shown by clinical course andsmall bowel biopsy, peripheral blood thrombocytosis was present (range: 350,000 to 815,000 platelets per mm 3 ; mean: 546,000 ± 44,060 SE). After clinical and histological remission, the platelet counts in these patients fell significantly (range: 188,000 to 300,000 platelets per mm'; mean: 252,750 ± 13,211 SE). There was no correlation between thrombocytosis and serum iron, folate, or vitamin B 12 levels. Celiac sprue joins inflammatory bowel disease among gastrointestinal disorders as a consideration in the differential diagnosis ,of thrombocytosis. In these patients, thrombocytosis reflected active disease and was not present during remission. Evaluation of peripheral blood platelets may be useful in the assessment of patients with celiac sprue.
Probing the limits of structure insensitivity: size-dependent catalytic activity of Al2O3-supported iridium clusters and particles for toluene hydrogenation

Supported iridium cluster catalysts prepared from [Ir4(CO)12] supported on γ-Al2O3 were decarbonylated to give Ir4lγ-Al2O3. This was treated in H2 under various conditions to give a family of samples with aggregated iridium having average cluster or particle diameters up to about 70 A, on average, as determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The samples were used as catalysts for toluene hydrogenation at 1 atm and 60°C. The data show that the catalytic activity per exposed Ir atom increased by more than an order of magnitude as the iridium cluster or particle size increased from that of Ir4 to about 20 A in diameter. The results indicate that the rate of a structure-insensitive reaction is significantly dependent on the cluster size in the range < 20 A in diameter, but there is still too little information to attribute causes of the dependence to, for example, changes in the metal-metal distance, effects of supports, or cluster shapes.
Engaging High-Sensation Seekers: The Dynamic Interplay of Sensation Seeking, Message Visual-Auditory Complexity and Arousing Content

This study extends the research on message-sensation value (MSV) by treating it as a dynamic stream of complex visual-auditory information and arousing content (MSV-d). Real-time attentional and emotional responses to this dynamic stream during the PSA viewing process are indicated by psychophysiological measures. Dynamic models are used to systematically examine endogenous and exogenous influences on message processing to more accurately understand the effects of MSV-d variables and individuals' sensation seeking tendencies during the processing of the PSAs. An important finding is that generally, increasing visual-auditory complexity activates an approach tendency in those with high sensation-seeking tendencies but activates an avoidance tendency in those with low sensation-seeking tendencies, and this response pattern is moderated by arousing content.
Dietary Restriction of Energy and Calcium Alters Bone Turnover and Density in Younger and Older Female Rats

To determine the influence of weight loss with or without adequate calcium intake on bone turnover and density, we examined the influence of dietary restriction of calcium or energy on body weight (BW), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in both younger (3 mo) and older (10 mo) female rats (n = 66). Diets were designed to allow feeding at two levels of calcium intake (normal = 78 mg/d and low = 15 mg/d) and two levels of energy intake (normal and 40% restriction) while keeping the intake of protein, fat, fiber, vitamins and other minerals equal between groups. Thus rats received either a control diet (CNTL), a diet restricted in calcium, energy or both for 9 wk. Energy restriction reduced BW 5-21% (P < 0.01) and elevated bone formation 10-20% (P < 0.05) in both age groups. Bone resorption was 20-40% above CNTL values (P < 0.05), in rats fed all three restricted diets. In younger rats, BMD increased over time in all groups (P < 0.05), but final BMD was lower in calcium restricted groups compared with CNTL (P < 0.01). In older rats, CNTL had a significantly greater final BMD (P < 0.05) than diet-restricted groups. These data indicate that, in both younger and older rats, dietary restriction of calcium or energy results in an elevated rate of bone turnover. BMD is compromised by calcium restriction in both younger and older rats, whereas only older rats were negatively influenced by dietary energy restriction. Thus the present study indicates a detrimental effect of low-energy diets, as well as inadequate calcium intake, on bone density in mature rats.
Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) as a pulmonary lesion in humans.

Abstract Dirofilaria immitis , the dog heart-worm, has been identified in the pulmonary granulomas of 5 patients from the greater Charleston area; this is the largest series of such cases from one medical center. The patients had no pulmonary symptoms. On roentgenogram the lesions were all about 2 cm in size, of uniform light opacity, and located near the pleural surface. Thoracotomy was performed in each instance because of the possibility of carcinoma. The association of granuloma formation, pulmonary infarct, and eosinophilic infiltration led to the suspicion of dirofilaria, which was confirmed in each case.
An adaptive sensor sleeping solution based on sleeping multipath routing and duty-cycled MAC protocols

Various applications of wireless sensor networks require multihop data transmission over error-prone wireless links, hence multipath routing can be used to meet the application's reliability requirement. On the other hand, wireless sensors are usually battery powered, and thus it is very important to save energy in order to prolong the network lifetime. In this article, we propose (1) Sleeping Multipath Routing, which can trade off reliability and network lifetime by dynamically activating an optimal number of paths to support the application's reliability requirement and putting the rest of the sensors to sleep, and (2) an adaptive sensor sleeping solution, which includes Sleeping Multipath Routing, a duty-cycled MAC protocol, and cross-layer coordination to further prolong the network lifetime by putting sensors to sleep at both the routing and the MAC layers. Our proposed Sleeping Multipath Routing and adaptive sensor sleeping solution can be implemented on any multipath routing protocol that discovers multiple disjoint paths between two nodes, and any duty-cycled MAC protocol that has fixed cycle length. We show an example of implementing our adaptive sensor sleeping solution using Directed Diffusion and S-MAC. Simulation results show that our proposed adaptive sensor sleeping solution outperforms single-layer sensor sleeping with a longer network lifetime with required reliability support. Moreover, our proposed adaptive sensor sleeping solution can significantly prolong the network lifetime when the application's reliability requirement varies over time, or when the number of alive nodes in the network changes over time.
Observations on the properties and prevalence of Coe virus.

SummaryDetermination of some biological characteristics of Coe virus indicates the close resemblance of this agent to the human enterovirus group. The presence of antibodies in sera of normal human population in the Pittsburgh area suggests a past exposure to the Coe virus.
Importance of Functional Monomer Dimerization in the Molecular Imprinting Process

We examined the influence of functional monomer dimerization on the efficiency of the molecular imprinting process. Specifically, the influence of methacrylic acid (MAA) dimerization on the binding properties of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was studied. First, the dimerization of MAA and the association between MAA and template molecular ethyl adenine-9-acetate (EA9A) were characterized in solution. Next, a series of MIPs and control nonimprinted polymers (NIPs) were made under varying conditions that systematically disrupted the monomer dimerization and templation process by the addition of polar solvents to the polymerization mixture. The results showed that even a monomer such as MAA with low dimerization constant is able to efficiently suppress the formation of background binding sites. To isolate the influence of monomer dimerization on the imprinting effect, the equilibrium processes in the prepolymerization mixture were modeled using the computer program COPASI. The simulation was able to ...
Intracranial hypotension and recurrent pleural effusion after snow-boarding injury: a manifestation of cerebrospinal fluid-pleural fistula.

Abstract Background data Intracranial hypotension causing postural headaches has been described after occult and postsurgical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and rarely isolated lumbar punctures. The occurrence of a CSF-pleural communication is much rarer, and a high level of suspicion aids in prompt recognition. Purpose Early detection and anatomic delineation of the site of CSF-pleural fistula allows prompt intervention, results in resolution of symptoms and prevents the complication of meningitis. Study design A case of intracranial hypotension with postural headaches is described after spinal surgery, with demonstration on computed tomography (CT) myelography of a rare CSF-pleural fistula. Methods The clinical presentation, postoperative intervention and imaging as well as laboratory data are presented. Results Chest X-ray showed recurrent pleural effusion after placement of chest tube, and serial head CT studies revealed decreasing ventricular size with development of severe headaches. Myelogram and CT postmyelogram demonstrate the CSF-pleural communication, allowing appropriate surgical repair. Conclusion Severe headaches with a recurrent pleural effusion after thoracic spinal surgery may indicate presence of a CSF-pleural fistula, an unusual complication of thoracic spinal surgery.
Quantum Optics of Semiconductor Excitons

Careful measurements of the excitonic response to varying coherent states allow the excitonic response to other quantum statistics to be determined. Using this method, we show that quantum optical correlations can map onto excitonic correlations.
An empirical investigation of opportunistic behaviour in project networks and its impact on market efficiency

Subcontractor selection strategies employed by contractors can significantly impact the success of individual organizations and the overall efficiency of the market. Long-term partnerships are promoted by experts from both academia and industry as a means of achieving improved project network productivity; however, opportunistic bidding behaviour that may accompany its implementation might negate the benefits of close collaboration. We conducted a bidding experiment to empirically investigate whether opportunistic behaviour would emerge in a simulated subcontracting process. We conducted 18 experiments involving 6947 competitive bidding transactions between contractors and a pool of subcontractors. The empirical data were collected through an Internet-based interactive bidding simulation developed by the investigators. The findings contribute an empirical demonstration of how opportunistic behaviour occurs in the bidding process and how it can lead to different partner selection strategies by contractors ...
Popliteal cysts: a reassessment using magnetic resonance imaging

The advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prompted the reevaluation of the incidence of popliteal cyst and its associated injuries. We reviewed more than 1000 consecutive MRI examinations of the knee performed on patients referred for evaluation of internal derangement. We report a 5% incidence of popliteal cyst, which is lower than has previously been determined. We believe that the reported higher incidence was due to arthrographic distention of normal, collapsed bursae. The strong association between popliteal cyst and tear of the medial meniscus is confirmed. We report for the first time to our knowledge the 13% association between popliteal cyst and complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Measurement of the severity of natural smooth surface (interproximal) caries lesions with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography

Background and Objectives Previous studies have demonstrated that polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) can be used to image early dental caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the measured reflectivity of natural caries lesions found on smooth surfaces (interproximal lesions) with the mineral loss measured using digital microradiography (DM) in order to determine if PS-OCT can be used as a non-destructive method to measure the severity of dental decay and resolve the internal structure of caries lesions. Materials and Methods A PS-OCT system operating at 1,310 nm was used to acquire polarization resolved images of natural white spot lesions and pigmented lesions on the smooth surfaces of extracted teeth. The integrated reflectivity from lesion areas was compared to polarized light microscopic images (PLM) and to the integrated mineral loss from the same lesion area measured using high resolution DM. Results The frequently complex internal structure of caries lesions could be resolved with PS-OCT. Such structural information is potentially useful for determining whether or not the lesion is active and progressing or whether it has become arrested and remineralized and does not require intervention. There was a strong correlation between the integrated mineral loss of the caries lesions measured using DM and the integrated reflectivity in the perpendicular polarization axis of the PS-OCT system. Conclusions The integrated reflectivity in the perpendicular polarization channel can be used to represent the severity of demineralization in natural early caries lesions. Therefore, PS-OCT has considerable potential as a non-destructive clinical probe of early caries lesions to assess their severity, monitor their progression over-time and potentially assess lesion activity. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
RhoH Regulates Subcellular Localization of ZAP-70 and Lck in T Cell Receptor Signaling

RhoH is an hematopoietic-specific, GTPase-deficient Rho GTPase that plays a role in T development. We investigated the mechanisms of RhoH function in TCR signaling. We found that the association between Lck and CD3ζ was impaired in RhoH-deficient T cells, due to defective translocation of both Lck and ZAP-70 to the immunological synapse. RhoH with Lck and ZAP-70 localizes in the detergent-soluble membrane fraction where the complex is associated with CD3ζ phosphorylation. To determine if impaired translocation of ZAP-70 was a major determinant of defective T cell development, Rhoh-/- bone marrow cells were transduced with a chimeric myristoylation-tagged ZAP-70. Myr-ZAP-70 transduced cells partially reversed the in vivo defects of RhoH-associated thymic development and TCR signaling. Together, our results suggest that RhoH regulates TCR signaling via recruitment of ZAP-70 and Lck to CD3ζ in the immunological synapse. Thus, we define a new function for a RhoH GTPase as an adaptor molecule in TCR signaling pathway.
Secretion and membrane integration of a filamentous phage-encoded morphogenetic protein.

Abstract The filamentous phage-encoded gene IV protein is required at high levels for virus assembly, although it is not a constituent of the virion. It is an integral membrane protein that does not contain an extended hydrophobic region of the kind often required for stable integration in the inner membrane. Rather, like a number of Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins, pIV is rich in charged amino acid residues and is predicted to consist of extensive β-sheet structures. In phage-producing cells, pIV is primarily detected in the outer membrane, while in cells that produce it from the cloned gene, pIV is found in both the inner and outer membranes. The protein is synthesized as a precursor. Following cleavage of the signal sequence and translocation into the periplasm, the mature form is initially found as a soluble species. Soluble pIV then integrates into the membrane with a half-time of one to two minutes. Neither phage assembly nor other phage proteins are needed for this membrane integration, and phage assembly does not require the presence of the soluble form. The gene IV protein may be part of the structure through which the assembling phage is extruded.
Validity of Inferences from Test-based Educational Accountability Systems

Many states have adopted test-based accountability systems before the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 became law. NCLB has added a new dimension to test-based educational accountability systems. Features of state and NCLB accountability are discussed with an emphasis on questions of the validity of inferences that are made about school quality. It is concluded that none of the current approaches toe test-based accountability support causal inferences about school quality. It is also shown that tracking progress toward the important goal of closing gaps in achievement requires more than just monitoring changes in the percentages of students who are proficient.
Viscous heating effects in a cone and plate viscometer

Abstract The temperature rise resulting from viscous dissipation in the fluid in a cone-and-plate viscometer is derived approximately using a variational method. In the derivation it is not necessary to make reference to any specific rheological model. It is concluded that for one commercially available instrument the maximum temperature rise is about 3°C. Hence viscous heating effects can lead to observable errors when a cone-and-plate instrument is operating at high speeds; such effects have been observed experimentally.
Combinatory Logic and the Semantics of Substructural Logics

The results of this paper extend some of the intimate relations that are known to obtain between combinatory logic and certain substructural logics to establish a general characterization theorem that applies to a very broad family of such logics. In particular, I demonstrate that, for every combinator X, if LX is the logic that results by adding the set of types assigned to X (in an appropriate type assignment system, TAS) as axioms to the basic positive relevant logic B∘T, then LX is sound and complete with respect to the class of frames in the Routley-Meyer relational semantics for relevant and substructural logics that meet a first-order condition that corresponds in a very direct way to the structure of the combinator X itself.
Comparison of two MDA algorithms for a problem in missile defense

In this paper we compare the performance of two Multidimensional Assignment Algorithms (MDA), the Lagrangean Relaxation based S-D algorithm and the Sequential m-best 2-D algorithm, applied to a realistic problem in missile defense surveillance. The benchmark problem consists of a set of sources that provide "event" (track) estimates of multiple launches, via a number of communication networks to a Fusion Center (FC) which has to perform data association prior to fusion. The network model used "loses" the information tag that distinguishes reports from the same source transmitted through different networks, i.e., the track identity (ID) assigned by the source is not passed on. Only a track ID assigned by the network, and the source ID accompany the track. Thus detection and elimination of track duplications at the FC is needed. The proposed hierarchical approach to the problem requires the solution of several MDA problems before calculating the fused estimate, so accuracy of the solution of each is crucial. Examples with several launches, sources and networks are presented to compare the performance of the two assignment algorithms.
A Complete Sample of Soft X-Ray-selected AGNs. II. Statistical Analysis*

Direct correlations and a principal component analysis (PCA) are presented for a complete sample of 110 soft X-ray–selected AGNs, of which about half are narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1's). The direct correlation analyses show that narrower FWHM(Hβ) correlates with steeper X-ray spectrum, stronger optical Fe II emission, weaker [O III] emission and stronger short-term X-ray variability. This direct correlation analysis and the PCA confirm the Boroson & Green (1992) eigenvector 1 relationship for AGNs: Fe II strength anticorrelates with [O III] line strength. Eigenvector 1 is well correlated with the Eddington luminosity ratio L/LEdd, while eigenvector 2 shows a very good correlation with the mass of the central black hole MBH and the mass accretion rate . The Eddington ratio L/LEdd correlates with the X-ray spectral index αX and the black home mass MBH anticorrelates with the X-ray variability χ2/ν. The Eddington ratio L/LEdd may be interpreted as the age of an AGN: AGNs with steep X-ray spectra, strong Fe II, and weak [O III] are AGNs in an early phase of their evolution. In this hypothesis, NLS1's are young AGNs.
Anisotropic introduction of intrinsic defects in GaAs monitored by Raman scattering

We show that resonant Raman scattering can be used to monitor anisotropic introduction of intrinsic defects by electron irradiation. We do this by investigating a localized vibrational mode with a frequency of 227 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ that is associated with an intrinsic point defect and demonstrating that it is produced by displacement of the arsenic sublattice. Isochronal annealing measurements support this conclusion. The experimental results are consistent with the identification of this defect as either ${V}_{\mathrm{As}}$ or tetrahedrally located ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{i}}$.
Use of input necessary assignments for test generation based on merging of test cubes

A class of test generation procedures achieve test compaction by merging of compatible test cubes. The number of tests is reduced when two test cubes, c 0 and c 1, are merged and replaced by a single test cube. In addition, the merging of c 0 and c 1 may result in the accidental detection of faults that are not detected by c 0 or c 1 alone. This can be used for speeding up the test generation process. This study enhances the likelihood of accidental detection by incorporating into the test cube merging process test cubes that represent input necessary assignments of target faults. Before generating a test cube for detecting a fault, merging of its input necessary assignments with other test cubes may result in the accidental detection of the fault. Experimental results for benchmark circuits demonstrate that this effect is significant in reducing the number of faults for which test generation needs to be carried out, thus speeding up the test generation process.
Art and the Economy in Amman

This paper discusses the arts as an economic boon by evaluating the impact that the arts and art industries have had on three international cities' economies: Nantes in France, Asilah in Morocco, and Detroit in the United States. The paper then draws parallels between these cities and Amman, Jordan, concluding that the arts' positive impact on the aforementioned cities economies suggests similar beneficial potential for Amman, despite a number of political and economic challenges Jordan faces currently.
Validation of photographic food records in children: are pictures really worth a thousand words?

Self-reported food records are commonly used to estimate dietary intake. However, diet diaries are time consuming for participants and children are often unfamiliar with standard portion sizes or weights/volume of foods that can add to the error associated with self-reported intake. We hypothesize that photographic food records to assess dietary intake will be as accurate as a standard food diary and will decrease participant/family burden. A total of 28 healthy subjects, 10–16 years, consumed a weighed diet for 3 days and returned any uneaten items for weigh back on day 4. During the 3 days of weighed diet, subjects recorded all intake both using a standard diet diary and taking photographs before and after consumption. Photographs were analyzed by two independent dieticians for estimation of serving size. The actual amount consumed was compared to the diary and photographic estimates through Spearman's correlation coefficients and confidence intervals. There was no difference between the diet diary and photographic estimates of total energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, fiber, vitamins A, D and E, calcium, iron or zinc compared to actual intake. However, both participants and their parents reported that the photographic method was quicker, simpler and would be preferred if they were to record dietary intake in the future. In this study cohort, 36% of subjects accurately reported actual daily energy intake (±5% of actual intake), only 29% underreported energy intake and 35% overreported energy intake. Photographic food records can be used to accurately estimate dietary intake in a pediatric population. In addition, this method is less burdensome for the participants and their family.
What’s Love Got to Do with It: Relationship Functioning and Mental and Physical Quality of Life Among Pregnant Adolescent Couples

The study objective was to describe relationship adjustment and its association with mental and physical quality of life for young couples expecting a baby. 296 young pregnant couples recruited from urban obstetric clinics reported on relationship strengths (e.g., equity, romantic love, and attractiveness), relationship risks (e.g., attachment, intimate partner violence), external family support, relationship adjustment, and mental and physical quality of life. Using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model we assessed both actor and partner effects of relationship variables on relationship adjustment and quality of life. Sixty-one percent of couples had at least one member with moderate or severe relationship distress. Lower attachment avoidance, lower attachment anxiety, higher relationship equity, lack of intimate partner violence, feelings of love, perceived partner attractiveness, and family support of the relationship related to better relationship adjustment. Associations were fairly consistent across gender. Better relationship adjustment related to more positive mental and physical quality of life for both young women and men. Our results highlight the potential importance of strong relationships on the well-being of expecting parents. Our results suggest that secure attachments, equitable relationships, feelings of love, and a lack of violence may be particularly important in having strong relationships and improved mental and physical health during pregnancy.
Overview of the Effects of Mass Wasting on the Natural Environment

Mass movements affect the following elements of the environment: (1) the topography of the earth's surface, particularly the morphologies of mountain and valley systems, both on the continents and on the ocean floors; (2) the character/quality of rivers and streams and groundwater flow; (3) the forests that cover much of the earth's subaerial surface; and (4) the habitats of natural wildlife that exist on the earth's surface, including its rivers, lakes, and oceans. Large amounts of geologic materials enter streams as sediment as a result of this landslide and erosion activity, thus reducing the potability of the water and quality of habitat for fish and wildlife. Biotic destruction by landslides is also common; widespread stripping of forest cover by mass movements has been noted in many parts of the world. Although most kinds of wildlife are able to retreat fast enough to avoid direct injury from all but the fastest-moving landslides, they often are subject to habitat damage by landslides.
The Relationship Between Measures of Heart Rate and Rate of Energy Expenditure

Abstract This study investigates the relative influences of bodily site of work, kind of arm work, and subject on the relationship between heart rate and rate of energy expenditure. Mixed linear models were formulated for net (changes from resting levels) and for gross measures. For the net model, only the site of work and, for the gross model, the site of work and subject exerted practically significant influences on the relationship. The results are examined in terms of related studies and their implications for systems of regression equations, which estimate rate of energy expenditure from observed heart rate as substitutes for respiratory calorimetry.
Global Manufacturing Strategies and Practices: A Study of Two Industries

Describes the manufacturing strategy implications of a two‐industry study of manufacturing practices. A research team administered questionnaires to managers in the machine tools and textiles industries in China, Japan, Korea, the USA and Western Europe. Highlights of the results include the superior Japanese delivery speed and the extensive use of information systems in the USA. An overview of the relative industrial strengths of each country provides a setting to discuss manufacturing strategy. Each national industry is then classified according to the Hayes and Wheelwright stages of manufacturing competitiveness.
Subdural Empyema—Importance of Early Diagnosis

Because subdural empyema (SDE) is an unusual central nervous system infection, recognition is not always prompt. Consequently delays can allow a serious but curable infection to become irreparably damaging or even fatal. This condition, particularly in the early stages, is relatively easy to treat. Personal experience with six patients during the past 3 years promoted us to review the data from UCLA and its affiliated hospitals. Among the 23 cases of SDE reviewed, the predisposing factor in 16 was sinusitis, mastoiditis, or otitis media. The clinical presentation, encompassing a systemic febrile illness, headache, and neurological deficit, was monotonously uniform. The high incidence of paranasal sinus involvement in the adult, middle ear infections in infants, and seizures in 15 patients comprised further clinical clues suggesting the diagnosis. Although usually diagnosed as an intracranial inflammatory process, an initial failure to suspect a purulent collection in the subdural compartment was typical. Although the findings of definitive diagnostic studies (computed tomography or angiography) are strikingly positive in advanced cases, in the earlier stages of this disorder they may be subtly abnormal. Because the mortality and morbidity rates, in some measure, depend on the stage at which the process is arrested, the real challenge lies in making a prompt diagnosis. The most favorable results are associated with early, decisive surgical treatment.
Global games with noisy sharing of information

We provide a framework for the study of global games with noisy sharing of information. In contrast to the previous works where it is shown that an intuitive threshold policy is an equilibrium for such games, we show that noisy sharing of information leads to non-existence of such an equilibrium. We also investigate the group best-response dynamics of two groups of agents sharing the same information to threshold policies based on each group's observation and show the convergence of such dynamics.
The hydroxyl group of S685 in Walker A motif and the carboxyl group of D792 in Walker B motif of NBD1 play a crucial role for multidrug resistance protein folding and function

Structural analysis of MRP1-NBD1 revealed that the Walker A S685 forms hydrogen-bond with the Walker B D792 and interacts with magnesium and the β-phosphate of the bound ATP. We have found that substitution of the D792 with leucine resulted in misfolding of the protein. In this report we tested whether substitution of the S685 with residues that prevent formation of this hydrogen-bond would also cause misfolding. Indeed, substitution of the S685 with residues potentially preventing formation of this hydrogen-bond resulted in misfolding of the protein. In addition, some substitutions that might form hydrogen-bond with D792 also yielded immature protein. All these mutants are temperature-sensitive variants. However, these complex-glycosylated mature mutants prepared from the cells grown at 27 °C still significantly affect ATP binding and ATP-dependent solute transport. In contrast, substitution of the S685 with threonine yielded complex-glycosylated mature protein that is more active than the wild-type MRP1, indicating that the interaction between the hydroxyl group of 685 residue and the carboxyl group of D792 plays a crucial role for the protein folding and the interactions of the hydroxyl group at 685 with magnesium and the β-phosphate of the bound ATP play an important role for ATP-binding and ATP-dependent solute transport.
Frequency dependence in a liquid’s complex refractive index measured with infrared spectroradiometry

A laboratory measurement of wavelength dependence in the real n(lambda) and the imaginary k(lambda) parts of a liquid's complex refractive index is presented. A known heat flow through the liquid-gas interface is generated while a high-resolution infrared radiance spectrum is taken simultaneously. Wavelength variations of the absorption coefficient allow the emerging radiation to sense subsurface temperature gradients. This technique is valid only at intervals at which the absorption coefficient is sufficiently low to allow subsurface temperatures to be measured. Knowledge of a liquid's thermal conductivity, specific heat, and light transmission speed is required. Measurement error depends on radiance measurement error and the minimization of atmospheric parameters.
COPPER TOLERANCE IN FATHEAD MINNOWS: II. MATERNAL TRANSFER

Female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to copper (Cu) maternally transfer Cu tolerance to their larval offspring. Larvae produced after female parents received a sublethal 5-d, 100 μg/L Cu exposure had significantly greater survivorship in potentially lethal Cu solutions than larvae produced before those females were exposed to Cu.
Thermal injury impairs cardiac protein synthesis and is associated with alterations in translation initiation

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether burn injury decreases myocardial protein synthesis and potential contributing mechanisms for this impairment. To address this aim, thermal ...
The propensity to recall another's completed and uncompleted tasks as a consequence of varying social relationships

Abstract Two laboratory experiments are reported. Each investigates the bias that social relationships exert on a subject's propensity to recall another's completed and uncompleted tasks. Using closed circuit television, subjects in both experiments observed a bogus other working on a set of puzzles. The person working completed only one-half of the puzzles. In three of the six experimental conditions in both experiments, subjects believed that the remaining puzzles could be completed at a later time. In the first experiment, a subject's relationship to the other was determined by cooperative, competitive, or individualistic economic incentives. In the second, the relationship was determined simply by their similarity or dissimilarity on a bogus personality test. Utilizing a combination of Lewinian assumptions and contemporary theory about memory, we hypothesized that the opportunity to resume work would result in an increased propensity to recall uncompleted tasks in the competitive (or dissimilar) conditions and a decreased propensity to do so in the cooperative (or similar) conditions. Results confirmed this hypothesis. Additional data in both experiments suggest that subjects' relationships with the bogus other altered the accessibility of this information. Theoretical implications of these findings and their relationship to research on prosocial behavior are discussed.
Synthesis of (-)-stemoamide using a stereoselective anti-aldol step.

The synthesis of (−)-stemoamide was achieved in 11 steps from 5-acetoxy-N-crotyl pyrrolidinone. A chiral N-acyl thiazolidinethione was employed in a stereoselective addition to a cyclic N-acyl iminium ion to install the required stereochemistry of carbon C9a. This iminium ion addition product was employed in a stereoselective MgBr2-catalyzed anti-aldol reaction to install the required stereochemistry of carbons C8 and C9. The X-ray crystal analysis of (−)-stemoamide confirmed the structure and the stereochemical outcome of these selective reactions.
Pyricularia grisea Causing Gray Leaf Spot of Perennial Ryegrass Turf: Population Structure and Host Specificity

ABSTRACT Gray leaf spot is a serious disease of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) turf in the United States. Isolates of Pyricularia grisea causing the disease in perennial ryegrass were characterized using molecular markers and pathogenicity assays on various gramineous hosts. Genetic relationships among perennial ryegrass isolates were determined using different types of trans-posons as probes. Phylogenetic analysis using Pot2 and MGR586 probes, analyzed with AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance), showed that these isolates from perennial ryegrass consist of three closely related lineages. All the isolates belonged to a single mating type, MAT1-2. Among 20 isolates from 16 host species other than perennial ryegrass, only the isolates from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and triticale (× Triticosecale), showed notable similarity to the perennial ryegrass isolates based on their Pot2 fingerprints. The copy number and fingerprints of Pot2 and MGR586 in isolates of P. grisea from perennial ryegrass indicate th...
Radiolytic microscale power generation based on single chamber fuel cell operation

Proof-of-principle test results are presented for a nuclear-to-electric power generation technique utilizing closed-cycle fuel cell operation. The approach being developed is to first use the decay energy of a radioisotope to generate H2 and O2 from water, and then to utilize these species in a fuel cell to generate electricity. The principle of operation allows the device to regenerate its own reactants and operate continuously as a closed system for as long as the primary source of power, namely the radioisotope, is active. With micro engineering and fabrication techniques available today, a miniaturized integrated package of 1 cm3 in size and producing power in the 10 mW range appears feasible in a mature design. Smaller devices producing less power would also be possible. For this project, a unique fuel cell capable of utilizing mixed reactants at room temperature has been developed. The efficiency of this early fuel cell design falls in the range between 10 and 20%. Measured power output from a radioisotope fueled test cell approached 0.45 mW for several hours with a radiation leakage rate estimated at 490 mrem yr−1.
Adiabatic-Following Approximation

The nonlinear response of an atom to a near-resonant light pulse is studied using a novel approximation scheme. In first order, the approximate solution reduces to the well-known rate equations. The second-order approximation contains Grischkowsky's adiabatic-following approximation. In each order, the approximate solution of the Bloch equations is presented with a closed-form expression for the error that can be used to investigate its range of validity.
The Effect of Fat in the Ration upon the Percentage Fat Content of the Milk

An attempt to increase the percentage butterfat content of cow's milk has been the object of a large number Qf experiments. This subject engaged the efforts of several investigators during the early years of the agricultural experiment stations in this country, and has received no little attention also on the part of research workers in Germany, The British Isles, France, Denmark and India. An adequate review of the extensive literature on this subject is precluded by lack of space. Within recent years, the subject has attracted attention in connection with the making of high production records under the supervision of the Advanced Registry Departments of the dairy cattle breed associations. The close supervision given these records is intended to assure the accuracY of the record and the prevention of fraud through changes of the feed or otherwise, during the period of actual inspection by the supervisor or just prior to this period. A number of contributions to the literature on this subiect have appeared in this journal (1). There are several ways in which the percentage of fat in the milk may be materially influenced; e.g., (a) by having the cows excessively fat at the time of calving (2). Both percentage
Wave-driven winds from cool stars. II. Models for T Tauri stars

The Alfven wave-driven wind theory of Hartmann and MacGregor is applied to T Tauri variables, including modifications which permit the calculation of wind temperatures. It is shown that large wave fluxes generate low-temperature winds, which can radiate strongly in Balmer and other optical emission lines. If wave fluxes are restricted to be less than the stellar luminosity, mass loss rates are restricted to values less than or equal to 10 to the -8th solar mass per year. Although these mass loss rates are low in comparison to many previous estimates, it is shown that the wind models produce optical and ultraviolet emission roughly consistent with observations. The theory predicts large wave amplitudes, so that 'turbulent' velocities are generally comparable to, or larger than, local expansion velocities in the optical line-emitting regions, thus making the Sobolev approximation invalid. It is suggested that the discrepancy between the mass loss rates predicted here and previously estimated values is due to the inapplicability of the Sobolev approximation in T Tauri winds.