cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heliopause stability in the presence of neutral atoms: Rayleigh‐Taylor dispersion analysis and axisymmetric MHD simulations

[1] The heliopause, a surface separating the tenuous hot heliosheath flow and the dense, magnetized interstellar flow, is subject to instabilities of the Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz types. The dynamic properties of this discontinuity is of considerable importance for understanding the neutral atom and cosmic ray filtration at the interface. Here we investigate the stability of the upwind segment of the heliopause in the presence of charge exchange collisions using both an analytic (dispersion relation) approach and a numerical model that includes the interstellar magnetic field. Linear analysis yields dispersion relations that admit imaginary solutions for a range of wave numbers, implying that the stagnation point on the heliopause is Rayleigh-Taylor unstable to small perturbations propagating parallel to the discontinuity surface. Effects of interstellar and heliosheath atoms are analyzed separately. We confirm our analytic results by performing time-dependent numerical simulations of the nonlinear development of this instability using a multifluid MHD-neutral approach. For typical solar wind and LISM conditions we obtain cyclical evolution of the upwind heliopause with a period of about 100 years. The amplitude of these oscillations is found to be dependent on the presence of hot heliosheath neutrals. We discuss the effect of a strong LISM magnetic field on the heliopause stability and possible implications of the obtained instability on the X-ray emission and cosmic ray transport in the outer heliosphere.
The C-12/C-13 isotope ratio of the interstellar medium in the neighborhood of the sun

Data from observations of Xi Per, P Cyg, 20 Tau, and 23 Tau, obtained at 4232 and 3957 A using a coude spectrograph and a 1872-element reticon on the 3-m Shane telescope at Lick Observatory during 1984-1985, are combined with data on Zeta Oph (Hawkins et al., 1985) and used to estimate the C isotope ratio of the ISM near the sun. The results are presented in extensive tables and graphs and characterized in detail. The (C-12)H(+)/(C-13)H(+) abundance ratios toward the five stars are found to agree to within 12 percent and shown to be representative of the C-12/C-13 ratios in the gas, strongly indicating that the local ISM is homogeneous. The difference between the ISM ratio (43 + or - 4) and the solar-system value (89) is attributed to the chemical evolution of the ISM in the 4.9 Gyr since the formation of the sun.
David Thatcher Gies. Nicolás Fernández de Moratín. Boston: Twayne, 1979. 184 pp

(1984). David Thatcher Gies. Nicolas Fernandez de Moratin. Boston: Twayne, 1979. 184 pp. Kentucky Romance Quarterly: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 107-109.
Heterogeneity of glucagon receptors of rat hepatocytes: a synthetic peptide probe for the high affinity site.

Summary A glucagon analog with the following sequence has been synthesized: His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Leu-Gln-Glu-Phe-Leu-Gln-Trp-Ala-Leu-Gln-Thr. When interacting with rat hepatocytes, the analog mimics, in part, the activities of glucagon in receptor binding and inhibition of carbohydrate incorporation into glycogen. Comparison of the binding of the analog with that of glucagon demonstrates the existence of two distinct homogeneous populations of glucagon receptors. The synthetic analog acts as a specific probe for those receptors that have a high affinity for glucagon.
Survival in a world of probable objects: A fundamental reason for Bayesian enlightenment

The only viable formulation of perception, thinking, and action under uncertainty is statistical inference, and the normative way of statistical inference is Bayesian. No wonder, then, that even seemingly non-Bayesian computational frameworks in cognitive science ultimately draw their justification from Bayesian considerations, as enlightened theorists know fully well.
A scalable hash scheduler for decoding of multiple H.264/AVC streams on multi-core architecture

Existing scheduling schemes for decoding H.264/AVC multiple streams on multi-core are largely limited by ineffective use of multi-core architecture. Among the reasons are inefficient load balancing, in which common load metrics (e.g. tasks, frames, bytes) are unable to correctly reflect processing load at cores, unscalability of scheduling algorithms for a large scale multi-core, and bottlenecks at schedulers for multi-stream decoding. In this paper, we propose a scalable adaptive Highest Random Weight (HA-HRW) hash scheduler for distributed shared memory multi-core architecture considering the following: 1) memory access and core/cache topology of the multi-core architecture; 2) appropriate processing time load metric to enforce a true load balancing; 3) hierarchical parallel scheduling to decode multiple streams simultaneously; 4) locality characteristics of processing unit candidate to limit search within neighboring cores to enable scalable scheduling. We implement and evaluate our approach on a 32-core SGI server with realistic workload. Comparing with existing schemes, our scheme achieves higher throughput, better load balancing, better CPU utilization, and no jitter problem. Our scheme scales with multi-core and multiple streams as its time complexity is O(l).
Rabi‐oscillations‐induced multiharmonic emission in a Maxwell–Schrödinger study of a dense sample of molecules

A solution of the combined Maxwell-Schrodinger equations for the propagation of an ultraviolet (UV) pulse in a sample of model H2 C -like molecules (with only two electronic states), shows a significant increase of the emission at 5-10 harmonics for a thick-density (line integrated density of 50 a.u. 2 ) vs. a thin-density case. The increase is more than two orders of magnitude larger than the expected factor (the ratio of the squared densities) and is due to a "sharpening" effect whereby Rabi oscillations induce a spatially rapidly varying electric field that has very sharp peaks. Equally important, the molecular degree of freedom is shown to exert a strong influence on the emitted radiation so that multiharmonic emission can be controlled by preparing molecules in specific initial wavepackets. c 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 81: 260-267, 2001
Colloid Population Heterogeneity Drives Hyperexponential Deviation from Classic Filtration Theory

The deposition behaviors of carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex microspheres (six sizes ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 microm) in packed porous media (soda-lime glass beads) were examined under a variety of environmentally relevant pore fluid velocities (4-8 m-day(-1)) in the presence of an energy barrier to deposition. Hyperexponential profiles of retained colloids were observed for all microsphere sizes (0.1-2.0 microm) at two fluid velocities (4 and 8 m-day(-1)). Experiments with columns in series demonstrated for three distinct sizes of microspheres that colloid population heterogeneity drove hyperexponential deviation from filtration theory. A significant portion of retained colloids was released upon introduction of low ionic strength solution, indicating that the majority of colloids were retained via secondary energy minima. However, there was no preferential re-entrainment of secondary minimum-associated colloids near the column inlet, indicating that the hyperexponential deviation from classic filtration theory was not due to deposition in the secondary energy minimum.
Deeper into schizotypy and motor performance: Investigating the nature of motor control in a non-psychiatric sample.

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that motor control deficits are characteristic of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and those at-risk for the development of the disorder. Recent advances in the quantification of motor dysfunction have confirmed this, but these methods fail to consider an important aspect of subject performance: the qualitative nature of their psychomotor dyscontrol. We report on a novel technique used to quantify the qualitative nature of psychomotor performance and its relation to schizotypy. Control ( n =35) and schizotypic subjects ( n =47) completed a line-drawing task that yields metrics for psychomotor control and predominant frequency. Schizotypes evidenced greater psychomotor dyscontrol and lower predominant frequencies than controls. These results are interpreted as evidence of reduced visual-motor integration, self-monitoring capacity, or adherence to basic motor principles in schizotypes. The potential use of these metrics as putative endophenotypes for the liability for schizophrenia and the implications of these findings for the relationship between schizophrenia and schizotypy are discussed.
The Nurse's touch in PET scanning

Abstract Nurses have been caring for patients in PET imaging at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics since 1991. The nurse's touch and powers of observation have contributed to high levels of patient satisfaction and excellent image quality. The department has developed clinical protocols that have evolved as nurses observe patients, evaluate the resulting image, and discuss what happened during the uptake and imaging phases. The presenter gave the audience an opportunity to see fascinating PET images and hear what happened during the patient's time in PET imaging to produce the images.
Gender and Bilingual Education: An Exploratory Study of the Academic Achievement of Latina and Latino English Learners

Although biliteracy plays a vital role in academic achievement, there has been little research on the unique needs of female and male English language learners. Becoming biliterate is a complex process, compounded by other variables such as 1st-language background, class, culture, and gender. Among these variables, gender has been the least examined and reported for English language learners in the United States. This exploratory quantitative study investigates the interplay between gender and biliteracy in a diverse urban school district. The quantitative data demonstrate gender variations across all years and grade levels and on both English and Spanish assessments.
Misinformation about drugs: a problem for drug abuse education.

How absolute the knave is! We must speak by the card, or equivocation will undo us. By the Lord, Horatio, this three years I have took note of it: the age is grown so picked that the toe of the pea...
An oligopoly model of ocean liner shipping

In this paper I develop a simultaneous equations oligopoly model of the regulated international ocean liner shipping industry. The firms act as a cartel to determine price jointly and then set their own quality levels to maximize individual profits. The cartel does not attain monopoly profits, because each conference member myopically determines quality without regard for overall cartel profits. The results indicate that an increase in the number of firms in the cartel will increase both cartel price and quality level. An increase in price will also lead to an increase in quality level.
Requirements for Measles Virus Induction of RANTES Chemokine in Human Astrocytoma-Derived U373 Cells

Interferons and chemokines play a critical role in regulating the host response to viral infection. Measles virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, induces RANTES expression by astrocytes. We have examined the mechanism of this induction in U373 cells derived from a human astrocytoma. RANTES was induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner by measles virus infection. Inhibition of receptor binding by the anti-CD46 antibody TRA-2.10 and of virus-membrane fusion by the tripeptide X-Phe-Phe-Gly reduced RANTES expression. Formalin-inactivated virus, which can bind but not fuse, and extensively UV-irradiated virus, which can bind and fuse, were both ineffective. Therefore, virus binding to the cellular receptor CD46 and subsequent membrane fusion were necessary, but not sufficient, to induce RANTES. UV irradiation of virus for less than 10 min proportionally inhibited viral transcription and RANTES expression. RANTES induction was decreased in infected cells treated with ribavirin, which inhibits measles virus transcription. However, RANTES mRNA was superinduced by measles virus in the presence of cycloheximide. These data suggest that partial transcription of the viral genome is sufficient and necessary for RANTES induction, whereas viral protein synthesis and replication are not required. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that RANTES was induced through transient expression of the measles virus nucleocapsid gene but not by measles genes encoding P or L proteins or by leader RNA in A549 cells. Thus, transcription of specific portions of measles virus RNA, such as the nucleocapsid gene, appears able to generate the specific signaling required to induce RANTES gene expression.
Modeling inelastic matrix crack tip deformation in a double cantilever beam specimen

A finite element model is created to investigate the contribution of inelastic matrix deformation at the crack tip to the composite toughness in a double cantilever beam specimen. The constituent properties are explicitly incorporated into the analysis using a global-local model and discrete fiber and matrix layers in the local model. The results indicate that there is little difference between the global and local J-integrals for matrices that do not exhibit pressure-dependent plastic deformation. Plastic deformation occurs in matrix layers away from the crack tip, but the majority of the deformation in terms of strain intensity occurs in the resin-rich region at the crack tip. This localized intensity causes the crack tip strains and plastic energy dissipation levels to be much higher in crack tips that are highly constrained by the layer of fibers, even though plastic volumes are lower. The results shed new light on previous explanations for the difference between ductile matrix and composite toughness and the thickness effect observed in adhesive bonds using ductile adhesives.
Moving on from GWAS: Functional Studies on the G6PC2 Gene Implicated in the Regulation of Fasting Blood Glucose

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in G6PC2 are the most important common determinants of variations in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Molecular studies examining the functional impact of these SNPs on G6PC2 gene transcription and splicing suggest that they affect FBG by directly modulating G6PC2 expression. This conclusion is supported by studies on G6pc2 knockout (KO) mice showing that G6pc2 represents a negative regulator of basal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that acts by hydrolyzing glucose-6-phosphate, thereby reducing glycolytic flux and opposing the action of glucokinase. Suppression of G6PC2 activity might, therefore, represent a novel therapy for lowering FBG and the risk of cardiovascular-associated mortality. GWAS and G6pc2 KO mouse studies also suggest that G6PC2 affects other aspects of beta cell function. The evolutionary benefit conferred by G6PC2 remains unclear, but it is unlikely to be related to its ability to modulate FBG.
Modeling and analysis of crosstalk noise in coupled RLC interconnects

At current operating frequencies, inductive-coupling effects can be significant and should be included for accurate crosstalk-noise analysis. In this paper, an analytical framework to model crosstalk noise in coupled RLC interconnects is presented. The proposed model is based on transmission-line theory and captures high-frequency effects in on-chip interconnects. The new model is generic in nature and can be applied to asymmetric driver-and-line configurations for aggressor and victim wires. The model is compared against SPICE simulations and is shown to capture both the waveform shape and peak noise accurately. Over a large set of random test cases, the average error in noise-peak estimation is approximately 6.5%. A key feature of the new model is that its derivation and form enables physical insight into the total coupling-noise-waveform shape and its dependence on relevant physical-design parameters. Due to its simplicity and physical nature, the proposed model can be applied to investigate the impact of various physical-design optimizations (e.g., wire sizing and spacing, shield insertion) on total RLC coupled noise. The effectiveness of various existing noise-reduction techniques in the presence of mutual-inductance coupling is studied here. The obtained results indicate that common (capacitive) noise-avoidance techniques can behave quite differently when both capacitive and inductive coupling are considered together.
Reducing memory traffic with CRegs

Array and pointer references are often ambiguous in that compile time analysis cannot always determine if distinct references are to the same object. Ambiguously aliased objects are not allocated to registers by conventional compilers due to the cost of the loads and stores required to keep register copies consistent with memory and each other. There are several hardware and software strategies that can be used to solve the ambiguous alias problem: we have implemented one such scheme called CRegs in a compiler and instruction level simulator. We present a modification to Briggs' Optimistic Coloring Algorithm that allows us to allocate local and parameter arrays to CRegs. The CRegs register file operation and instruction set modifications required to implement this scheme are discussed. Underlying hardware issues such as pipeline impact and chip area are briefly discussed. Several benchmarks are compared in terms of dynamic instructions executed for two CReg set sizes. The measured reduction in memory operations is significant, averaging 23% for the benchmarks shown.
Bio-mimetic silicone cilia for microfluidic manipulation

This paper presents a bio-mimetic microfluidic device that mimics the high compliance and the beating frequency of biological cilia in order to achieve bio-compatible manipulation of microfluidics. Because the highly compliant cilia can easily collapse due to interaction energy and surface tension, the major challenge in developing a bio-mimetic device is the manufacturing of highly compliant cilia. An underwater fabrication method is developed to avoid the cilia collapse by lowering the surface energy of the cilia. Another challenge is to mimic the low beating frequency (10–100 Hz) of biological cilia. The proposed microfluidic device is excited by a piezo actuator to resonate the cilia in water. Due to the highly compliant nature of the silicone cilia, the resulting actuation frequency is in the beating frequency range of biological cilia. Simulations and experiments are presented to demonstrate microfluidic manipulation by resonance of the assembled cilia array.
Privacy-preserving imputation of missing data

Handling missing data is a critical step to ensuring good results in data mining. Like most data mining algorithms, existing privacy-preserving data mining algorithms assume data is complete. In order to maintain privacy in the data mining process while cleaning data, privacy-preserving methods of data cleaning will be required. In this paper, we address the problem of privacy-preserving data imputation of missing data. Specifically, we present a privacy-preserving protocol for filling in missing values using a lazy decision tree imputation algorithm for data that is horizontally partitioned between two parties. The participants of the protocol learn only the imputed values; the computed decision tree is not learned by either party.
Postfire seed bank dynamics in semiarid grasslands.

We evaluated the combined effects of fire after drought on the seed bank composition and its role in the postfire recovery of NW Patagonia grasslands. During three years, we monitored the seed bank and the aboveground vegetation. Species were arranged in functional groups and Detrended Correspondence Analysis was used to separate sites according to species and functional groups. Similarity between aboveground vegetation and seed bank was calculated with SOrensen Index. In the first year, the seed density was similar in the control and burned sites and was lower than following years in all the sites. The species that survived the high temperatures were all annuals with the exception of the perennial species Fabiana imbricata and Rumex acetosella. In the second postfire year, the diversity and seed density increased due to the contribution of fugitive species (rare in the community) and exotic annual species. Seed bank of perennial species was the most affected by fire and just recovered in the third year. Drought did not affect the similarity between the seed bank and vegetation. Fire had low impact on the total seed bank, probably due to the heat buffering nature of the soil, whereas drought reduced significantly seed bank size and richness. Seed bank contributes to grassland richness maintenance.
A policy framework for Business Activity Management

Business Activity Management (BAM) is becoming one of the most critical areas to transform a business into an adaptive enterprise. However, to manage business activities and the related resources is a very complex task because of the potentially large number of business rules and unpredictable changes of business situations. Policy-based approach is essential to make such challenging tasks practical and feasible. We present a policy framework for the BAM domain. We will cover the conceptual model, policy specification, policy architecture, and a case study for the framework and related components. Comparison with other similar works is also given at the end of the paper.
Laboratory Study of Electromagnetically Induced Contaminant Removal

Soil contamination with hazardous substances can be in solid or liquid forms such as petrochemicals or chlorinated solvents hydrocarbons. Contaminants in soil can be physically or chemically adsorbed to soil grains or only trapped in pore space. Soil contamination usually occurs through spillage or burial directly at the contaminated area or migration from a spillage or burial source occurred elsewhere. Some of most occurring sources of soil pollution are petrochemical and chemical contamination. This study investigates the use of electromagnetic (EM) waves with various radiation patterns to induce a controlled transportation of a nonhazardous dye (used as contamination simulant). The medium in this study is aqueous (i.e., water), which helps to monitor the contaminant simulant transport under EM stimulated conditions. EM waves can be launched into the medium at proper frequencies to minimize the heat generation and temperature increase, yet induce a transport according to the EM radiation pattern. Then, the contaminant-simulant transport under EM-stimulated and unstimulated conditions were studied, and the results suggest that dielectrophoresis can be the underlying
Biochemical and cellular implications of a dual lipase‐GEF function of phospholipase D2 (PLD2)

PLD2 plays a key role in cell membrane lipid reorganization and as a key cell signaling protein in leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Adding to the large role for a lipase in cellular functions, recently, our lab has identified a PLD2-Rac2 binding through two CRIB domains in PLD2 and has defined PLD2 as having a new function, that of a GEF for Rac2. PLD2 joins other major GEFs, such as P-Rex1 and Vav, which operate mainly in leukocytes. We explain the biochemical and cellular implications of a lipase-GEF duality. Under normal conditions, GEFs are not constitutively active; instead, their activation is highly regulated. Activation of PLD2 leads to its localization at the plasma membrane, where it can access its substrate GTPases. We propose that PLD2 can act as a "scaffold" protein to increase efficiency of signaling and compartmentalization at a phagocytic cup or the leading edge of a leukocyte lamellipodium. This new concept will help our understanding of leukocyte crucial functions, such as cell migration and adhesion, and how their deregulation impacts chronic inflammation.
Can general anesthesia for cesarean delivery be completely avoided? An anesthetic perspective

The dramatic increase in the rate of cesarean deliveries worldwide has focused attention on the uncommon but present risk of maternal mortality associated with anesthesia. The relative risk of maternal death is greater with general versus neuraxial (i.e., spinal, epidural, combined spinal-epidural and dural puncture epidural) techniques. As a consequence, neuraxial techniques are the preferred option. Failures in intubation, ventilation and extubation, as well as depression of postdelivery ventilation, represent risks of general anesthesia. Although these risks, and the use of general anesthesia, cannot be eliminated, various strategies can be employed to minimize these outcomes.
Automating the initial physics chart checking process.

The initial physics chart check, an essential quality assurance process, verifies that the physician intent is properly expressed in the treatment plan, the treatment plan is reasonable, and the Record and Verify (RV) system properly captures the plan parameters. In this work the process was automated by characterizing the initial physics chart check as a universal set of steps, compartmentalized into Intra-Plan and Inter-plan reviews. The Intra-Plan review confirms the diagnosis-prescription-plan correlation, and verifies transfer accuracy of the signed treatment plan parameters into the RV system. The Inter-Plan review tabulates all RV parameters for similar cases, and highlights outliers. The tabulation of RV parameters for similar cases enables a summation of experience across staff members, and facilitates a comparison using the Statistical Process Control (SPC) formalism. A summary sheet, added to each reviewed chart, automatically documents deviations noted during the review process. Forty five patient charts were analyzed using the software. The entire initial chart check process duration was reduced from about an hour to few minutes. The code developed in this work allows the user to consider the big-picture, trusting the software to track details.
Coupling of impressed radiation to resonant microstrip dipole currents deduced from a Hallen-type integral equation

Resonant modes for microstrip devices have been identified with simple temporal poles. Coupling coefficients for the resonant currents have been obtained. Hallen's integral equation (IE) has been solved to obtain resonant wavenumbers and current distributions. The Hallen IE provides stable, quickly convergent solutions. The frequency dependence of natural-mode currents excited by impressed radiation has been compared with direct frequency-domain solutions to the Hallen equation. >
Reflections on the Philosophy of Chemistry and a Rallying Call for Our Discipline

Biology in the popular mind remains tied to the doctrines of the struggle forsurvival and the survival of the fittest. Physics is linked to the heat deathof the universe – the inexorable march towards greater disorder,increasing entropy. Our field, on the other hand, focuses on orderedstructures, molecules and crystals, and their aggregates, and what holdsthem together. The philosophy of chemistry is centered on affinity,cohesion, the architecture of the very small, attraction, harmony, and, ifyou permit, beauty. Our discipline is the voice of the twenty-first century,a message, a clarion call of life, of hope. This paper addresses failures ofreductionist and deterministic claims in the face of the cussedness ofchemical facts. It will examine uncertainty principles, Edmund Whitaker'spostulates of impotence, Gerald Holton's themata, Isaiah Berlin's warning –and the wisdom of the Chinese. We can teach the world the need for humilityin the face of the wonder and mystery of our world.
Extracellular Matrix Alterations and Deposit Formation in AMD

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of vision loss in the western world (Friedman et al., Arch Ophthalmol 122:564-572, 2004). The first clinical indication of AMD is the presence of drusen. However, with age and prior to the formation of drusen, extracellular basal deposits accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane (BrM). Many studies on the molecular composition of the basal deposits and drusen have demonstrated the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, complement components and cellular debris. The evidence reviewed here suggests that alteration in RPE cell function might be the primary cause for the accumulation of ECM and cellular debri found in basal deposits. Further studies are obviously needed in order to unravel the specific pathways that lead to abnormal formation of ECM and complement activation.
Beyond Colonization — Programs of U.S. Legal Education Abroad by Indigenous Institutions

This article will look at globalization in the context of higher education and, in particular, higher legal education. The object will be to think about the ways in which non-U.S. based law schools are now offering US style legal education to (1) supply the U.S. legal market or (2) produce U.S. trained lawyers in the home state market or for other legal markets outside the U.S. Specifically, this article will first discuss the history of higher education as a national project and more recent trends and efforts to globalize higher education. The conceptual framework is informed by cosmopolitan, imperial or national aspirations. Starting from a definition of legal education globalization, the article considers the history of legal education as a national and international project. It then examines recent efforts to globalize legal education as an exercise in American cosmopolitanism, internationalism and nationalism and will then critically assesses arguments that, in light of certain characteristics of legal systems and legal education, globalization of legal education may implicate notions of cultural imperialism, in whatever form it takes. It then turns to an examination of one of the more interesting manifestations of globalization abroad — nationalist globalization in the form of developing American law schools outside the U.S. by non-U.S. educational entities, concentrating on two examples, one from Spain and the other from China. Finally, after discussing the ways in which the globalization of American legal education may affect recipient cultures, this article will take the reverse perspective and hypothesize on how the American legal education system may be affected by the same export.
Status and equity of infrastructure for chronic noncommunicable disease prevention and control institution in Anhui CDCs

Objective To understand the status and demographic and geographic equity of infrastructure in terms of institutional,human and financial resources for noncommunicable disease(NCD) prevention and control in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs) in Anhui province.Methods Basic information of NCDs prevention and control in Anhui CDC organizations in 2012 were used to analyze the status on institutional,human and financial support.The equity was calculated by Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient according to the population and geography information in 2012.Results At city and county level,the proportions of CDCs that had professional institutes of NCDs were 25.0% and 4.0%respectively,and had institutes mainly responsible for NCDs prevention and control were 31.3% and 27.3% respectively.General and professional staff on NCDs prevention and control accounted for 5.3% and 1.9% of all the CDCs' personnel.The demographic Gini coefficients of institute,staff,professional staff and funds on NCDs prevention and control were 0.580,0.493,0.513 and 0.720 respectively,and the geographic Gini coefficients were 0.683,0.639,0.672 and 0.924 respectively.Conclusion Professional institutes,staff members and funding for NCDs were not enough in Anhui CDCs.The infrastructures allocation was inequitable according to the distribution of population and geographic area.
The Physics of Drought in the U.S. Central Great Plains

AbstractThe semiarid U.S. Great Plains is prone to severe droughts having major consequences for agricultural production, livestock health, and river navigation. The recent 2012 event was accompanied by record deficits in precipitation and high temperatures during the May–August growing season. Here the physics of Great Plains drought are explored by addressing how meteorological drivers induce soil moisture deficits during the growing season. Land surface model (LSM) simulations driven by daily observed meteorological forcing from 1950 to 2013 compare favorably with satellite-derived terrestrial water anomalies and reproduce key features found in the U.S. Drought Monitor. Results from simulations by two LSMs reveal that precipitation was directly responsible for between 72% and 80% of the soil moisture depletion during 2012, and likewise has accounted for the majority of Great Plains soil moisture variability since 1950. Energy balance considerations indicate that a large fraction of the growing season t...
Introduction to Flow Passability

In this Chapter, the passability of a flow to the boundary of two different dynamical systems will be presented. The accessible and inaccessible sub-domains will be introduced first for a theory of discontinuous dynamic systems. On the accessible domains, the corresponding dynamic systems will be introduced. The flow orientation and singular sets of boundary will be discussed. The passability and tangency (grazing) of a flow to the separation boundary between two adjacent accessible domains will be presented, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for such passability and tangency of the flow to the boundary will be presented. An L-function of flows will be introduced, and the switching bifurcation conditions for the flow passability to the boundary will be discussed. Finally, a frictioninduced oscillator will be presented as an example.
Isolating the Unique Effects of the Unified Protocol Treatment Modules Using Single Case Experimental Design

The Unified Protocol (UP) for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to treat the range of anxiety, depressive, and related disorders. ...
Abstract A40: Class IIa HDAC inhibition promotes an anti-tumor macrophage phenotype that induces breast tumor regression and inhibits metastasis

Tumor macrophages generally promote tumorigenesis and are associated with increased vascular density, resistance to chemotherapy and a worse clinical outcome in the majority of human tumors. Therefore, significant pharmaceutical effort has focused on inhibiting the immunosuppressive effects of tumor macrophages by depleting or inhibiting them. However, macrophage types also exist that can promote tumor clearance. Shifting tumor macrophages to an anti-tumor phenotype offers great hope given their plasticity and high numbers in a variety of solid tumors. We recently reported that a novel, first in class, specific class IIa HDAC inhibitor, TMP195, significantly alters the gene expression signature of human monocytes and promotes their polarization to an anti-tumor phenotype in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that a first in class, class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, TMP195, can activate tumor macrophages in vivo to induce tumor regression and inhibit pulmonary metastases in a mouse model of breast cancer. We find that TMP195 induces macrophage recruitment and differentiation of highly phagocytic cells within the tumor, which increases tumor cell death while decreasing angiogenesis. Strikingly, we find that TMP195 enhances chemotherapy and immunotherapy to induce durable tumor reduction. These data reveal a novel role for harnessing the anti-tumor potential of macrophages to enhance cancer therapy. Citation Format: Jennifer L. Guerriero, Alaba Sotayo, Holly E. Ponichtera, Jessica A. Castrillon, Alexandra L. Pourzia, Sara Schad, Shawn F. Johnson, Ruben D. Carrasco, Susan B. Lazo, Roderick T. Bronson, Scott P. Davis, Mercedes X. Lobera, Michael A. Nolan, Anthony Letai. Class IIa HDAC inhibition promotes an antitumor macrophage phenotype that induces breast tumor regression and inhibits metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B35.
Real Time Control of the Active MHD Diagnostic on Alcator C Mod

An active MHD diagnostic has been installed and operated on Alcator C-Mod to study Toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes (TAEs). The diagnostic consists of two broadband amplifiers and two antennas which can excite stable modes in the TAE frequency range. The plasma response to this excitation is measured by existing magnetic fluctuation diagnostics. Analysis of the fluctuation data provides information about the TAE frequencies and damping rates as well as mode structure. The active MHD diagnostic has evolved since its first operation in 2002, when it could only operate over a limited, preprogrammed frequency band. Recent improvements include automatic tuning to cover frequencies from 100 to 750 kHz, and an interface to the Alcator C-Mod digital plasma control system (DPCS). The DPCS monitors plasma parameters, calculates the nominal TAE frequency, and adjusts the frequency input to the MHD amplifiers, all in real time. Now the active MHD diagnostic can measure TAEs over an entire plasma shot. This paper is focused on the requirements and design of the MHD amplifiers, particularly the tuning bandwidth. It will also present some preliminary results from the recent run campaign
Control of Stress Tolerance in Bacterial Host Organisms for Bioproduction of Fuels

The need for renewable alternative sources of liquid biofuels has lead to tremendous interest in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuel compounds via microbial routes. A key aspect of the research involves the engineering of robust and stable microbial host platforms that can produce these compounds at high titer. Impact on growth caused by inhibitory compounds in the deconstructed biomass and accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates and final product are bottlenecks that severely limit product titers. This chapter reviews known sources of toxicity arising from various aspects of this process and discusses native and heterologous mechanisms of microbial stress response and defense that can be used to engineer better production hosts.
Quantitative Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy of Short-term Reoxygenation Kinetics in Radiation-Resistant and Sensitive Tumors

Radiation-induced changes in tumor oxygenation were measured using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in pre-clinical animal models. Our data reveal significant differences in reoxygenation kinetics between radiation-resistant and sensitive tumors.
Life among the MERtians

Ethnography was one of the beneficiaries of the great era of European exploration and empire.
The Challenges of Multicultural Education in Two Globalizing Democratic Societies

In this latest addition to James Banks’s Multicultural Education Series, the editors and authors address the question of how global citizenship education ought to respond to the challenges of trans...
Controversy in statistical analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data

To test the validity of statistical methods for fMRI data analysis, Eklund et al. (1) used, for the first time, large-scale experimental data rather than simulated data. Using resting-state fMRI measurements to represent a null hypothesis of no task-induced activation, the authors compare familywise error rates for voxel-based and cluster-based inferences for both parametric and nonparametric methods. Eklund et al.’s study used three fMRI statistical analysis packages. They found that, for a target familywise error rate of 5%, the parametric methods gave invalid cluster-based inferences and conservative voxel-based inferences. Eklund et al. (1) attribute the invalid cluster-based inferences to the incorrect assumption of squared exponential structure in the spatial autocorrelation function of the parametric models. The authors suggest nonparametric methods as a more appropriate way to achieve targeted error rates, and conclude that statistical methods for fMRI data analysis should be validated. In addition, Eklund et al. state that their findings “question the validity of some 40,000 fMRI studies and may have a large impact on the interpretation of neuroimaging results” (1). This sentence from the Significance section of the original paper was picked up by the press and yielded the alarming negative headline that fMRI analyses produce incorrect results … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: enb{at}neurostat.mit.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Automatic Identification of Substance Abuse from Social History in Clinical Text

Substance abuse poses many negative health risks. Tobacco use increases the rates of many diseases such as coronary heart disease and lung cancer. Clinical notes contain rich information detailing the history of substance abuse from caregivers perspective. In this work, we present our work on automatic identification of substance abuse from clinical text. We created a publicly available dataset that has been annotated for three types of substance abuse including tobacco, alcohol, and drug, with 7 entity types per event, including status, type, method, amount, frequency, exposure-history and quit-history. Using a combination of machine learning and natural language processing approaches, our results on an unseen test set range from 0.51–0.58 F1 on stringent, full event, identification, and from 0.80–0.91 F1 for identification of the substance abuse event and status. These results indicate the feasibility of extracting detailed substance abuse information from clinical records.
Profile of neonatal epilepsies: Characteristics of a prospective US cohort.

Objective: Although individual neonatal epilepsy syndromes are rare, as a group they represent a sizable subgroup of neonatal seizure etiologies. We evaluated the profile of neonatal epilepsies in a prospective cohort of newborns with seizures. Methods: Consecutive newborns with seizures were enrolled in the Neonatal Seizure Registry (an association of 7 US children9s hospitals). Treatment and diagnostic testing were at the clinicians9 discretion. Neonates with seizures related to epileptic encephalopathies (without structural brain abnormalities), brain malformations, or benign familial epilepsies were included in this analysis. Results: Among 611 consecutive newborns with seizures, 79 (13%) had epilepsy (35 epileptic encephalopathy, 32 congenital brain malformations, 11 benign familial neonatal epilepsy [BFNE], 1 benign neonatal seizures). Twenty-nine (83%) with epileptic encephalopathy had genetic testing and 24/29 (83%) had a genetic etiology. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic KCNQ2 variants (n = 10) were the most commonly identified etiology of epileptic encephalopathy. Among 23 neonates with brain malformations who had genetic testing, 7 had putative genetic etiologies. Six infants with BFNE had genetic testing; 3 had pathogenic KCNQ2 variants and 1 had a pathogenic KCNQ3 variant. Comorbid illnesses that predisposed to acute symptomatic seizures occurred in 3/35 neonates with epileptic encephalopathy vs 10/32 with brain malformations ( p = 0.03). Death or discharge to hospice were more common among newborns with brain malformations (11/32) than those with epileptic encephalopathy (3/35, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Neonatal epilepsy is often due to identifiable genetic causes. Genetic testing is now warranted for newborns with epilepsy in order to guide management and inform discussions of prognosis.
The Functional Neuroanatomy of Face Processing: Insights from Neuroimaging and Implications for Deep Learning

Face perception is critical for normal social functioning, and is mediated by a cortical network of regions in the ventral visual stream. Comparative analysis between present deep neural network architectures for biometrics and neural architectures in the human brain is necessary for developing artificial systems with human abilities. Neuroimaging research has advanced our understanding regarding the functional architecture of the human ventral face network. Here, we describe recent neuroimaging findings in three domains: (1) the macro- and microscopic anatomical features of the ventral face network in the human brain, (2) the characteristics of white matter connections, and (3) the basic computations performed by population receptive fields within face-selective regions composing this network. Then, we consider how empirical findings can inform the development of accurate computational deep neural networks for face recognition as well as shed light on computational benefits of specific neural implementational features.
Elliptic integral functions

The functions named in the title of this chapter have attracted the interest of several famous mathematicians, among them Abel, Euler, Gauss, Hermite, Jacobi, Kronecker, Lagrange, Legendre, Ramanujan, Riemann, and Weierstrass. Their properties are well-chronicled in several books, including [AS64, Chapter 17], [Law89], [OLBC10, Chapter 19], [Wal96], [Wei99], [GRJZ07, §8.1], and [JD08, Chapter 12], with extensive tables of properties and integrals of related functions in [BF71].
Blood Gas I

Blood gas analysis is an important means to assess someone’s oxygenation, adequacy of ventilation, and also acid–base status. Blood gas analysis can be done with either arterial or venous blood, but it provides valuable information to make a diagnosis, to assess the severity of the condition, and also to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Anion gap is routinely measured which provides us with the information regarding “cations” and “anions” in the blood and also points toward the possible cause of acidosis. Winter’s formula is used to determine the compensatory mechanism of acid–base disorder, and delta (Δ) gap provides the information regarding mixed acid–base disorder.
Modern Analysis of Automorphic Forms By Example

This is Volume 1 of a two-volume book that provides a self-contained introduction to the theory and application of automorphic forms, using examples to illustrate several critical analytical concepts surrounding and supporting the theory of automorphic forms. The two-volume book treats three instances, starting with some small unimodular examples, followed by adelic GL2, and finally GLn. Volume 1 features critical results, which are proven carefully and in detail, including discrete decomposition of cuspforms, meromorphic continuation of Eisenstein series, spectral decomposition of pseudo-Eisenstein series, and automorphic Plancherel theorem. Volume 2 features automorphic Green's functions, metrics and topologies on natural function spaces, unbounded operators, vector-valued integrals, vector-valued holomorphic functions, and asymptotics. With numerous proofs and extensive examples, this classroom-tested introductory text is meant for a second-year or advanced graduate course in automorphic forms, and also as a resource for researchers working in automorphic forms, analytic number theory, and related fields.