cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of cAMP and Calmodulin Inhibitors on Water Absorption in Rat Proximal Tubule

The possible role of calmodulin in solute transport was examined in the kidney of the rat. Utilizing a radioimmunoassay, calmodulin was identified and quantitated in homogenates of the cortex of the kidney. The physiologic significance of these findings was examined utilizing in vivo microperfusion techniques applied to the proximal convoluted tubule of the thyroparathyroidectomized rat. The addition of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to the luminal perfusion solution resulted in a lower rate of water absorption of 1.67 +/- 0.09 nl min-1 mm-1 as compared to 2.46 +/- 0.11 in controls. The addition of either of two compounds with affinity for calmodulin, trifluoperazine (TFP) or W-13, reversed the cAMP-induced inhibition of water absorption. In the absence of cAMP, neither agent affected water absorption. Analogs of TFP and W-13 with lower binding affinities for calmodulin had no effect on water absorption and did not reverse the cAMP effect. None of the above experimental maneuvers affected the absorption of phosphate. These results demonstrate the presence of calmodulin in the kidney of the rat and suggest that calmodulin may be involved in cAMP-associated inhibition of water and electrolyte transport in the proximal tubule of the rat.
High Predictive Value of the Acid-Fast Smear for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Despite the High Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium Complex in Respiratory Specimens

The value of the smear for acid-fast bacilli in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis is unclear in a setting where there is a high prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex in respiratory specimens. To evaluate the impact of a high prevalence of M. avium complex on the predictive value of the acid-fast bacilli smear for tuberculosis, we reviewed findings on smears and results of cultures over a 3-year period at a hospital where M. avium complex is the predominant mycobacterial isolate. In this setting, the predictive value of the acid-fast bacilli smear for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 92% for expectorated sputum specimens, 71% for induced sputum specimens, and 71% for bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. When multiple specimens collected from the same patient were excluded from the data base, the predictive values were 87%, 70%, and 71%, respectively. Smears of sputum samples were positive at the same rate for patients with tuberculosis who had AIDS and for patients with tuberculosis who did not have AIDS.
A Dynamic Study on Rural Drug "Supervision and Supply" Nets Construction in Jiangxi Province

objective:to evaluate rural drug "supervision and Supply" nets construction;Methods:on the requirements of national rural drug "supervision and Supply" nets construction.,93 counties and municipalities in Jiangxi province are surveyed and evaluated with a self-designed questionnaire and then the results of the evaluation in 2006 and 2008 are compared carefully;Results: the rural drug "supervision and Supply" nets construction in 93 counties and municipalities all meets the national requirements.The "two nets" construction in the year 2008 is significantly better than that of 2006;Conclusion:the rural drug "supervision and Supply" nets construction has received a warm welcome from the mass,the governments and the enterprises.
Seismic analysis incorporating detailed structure–abutment–foundation interaction for quasi-isolated highway bridges

The Illinois Department of Transportation has adopted an economical and pragmatic methodology for designing earthquake-resistant highway bridges in the Midwestern United States. These so-called quasi-isolated bridges employ low-cost non-seismically designed bearing components as sacrificial structural fuses. During seismic events, fusing actions of these components and subsequent sliding of superstructures on substructures are intended to achieve response characteristics similar to those of conventionally isolated bridges that employ specially designed isolators. This study explores seismic structure-abutment-foundation interaction for quasi-isolated bridges in Illinois, employing a detailed yet efficient non-linear finite-element model for seat-type bridge abutments. The abutment model incorporates many structural components and geotechnical mechanisms that are critical to seismic response of the structure-abutment-foundation (SAF) system. Through non-linear static analyses performed on a complete bridge...
Bisphosphonate therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Bisphosphonates are agents that are potentially useful for treatment of osteoporosis. They are antiresorptive agents, increasing bone mass by decreasing the frequency of osteoclast activation or the depth of osteoclast resorption, or both. Intermittent cyclical therapy with etidronate has been shown to be effective for postmenopausal osteoporosis in two controlled studies. Several second- and third- generation bisphosphonates are undergoing active clinical trials.
Care of the Critically Ill Pregnant Patient and Perimortem Cesarean Delivery in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background Maternal resuscitation in the emergency department requires planning and special consideration of the physiologic changes of pregnancy. Perimortem cesarean delivery (PMCD) is a rare but potentially life-saving procedure for both mother and fetus. Emergency physicians should be aware of the procedure's indications and steps because it needs to be performed rapidly for the best possible outcomes. Objective We sought to review the approach to the critically ill pregnant patient in light of new expert guidelines, including indications for PMCD and procedural techniques. Discussion The prevalence of maternal cardiac arrest and survival outcomes of PMCD in the emergency department setting are difficult to estimate. Advanced cardiovascular life support protocols should be followed in maternal arrest with special considerations made based on the physiologic changes of pregnancy. The latest recommendations for maternal resuscitation are reviewed, including advance planning, rapid determination of gestational age, emergent delivery, and postprocedure considerations for PMCD. Conclusions Maternal resuscitation requires knowledge of physiologic changes and evidence-based recommendations. PMCD outcomes are best for both mother and fetus when the procedure is performed rapidly and efficiently in the appropriate setting. Emergency physicians should be familiar with this unique clinical scenario so they are adequately prepared to intervene in order to improve maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
On Quick Choice of Power Transformation

SUMMARY In an earlier article (Hinkley, 1975) the author has discussed an order-statistic method for the fitting of power transformations of data to obtain approximate symmetry of transformed data distributions. The method is easy to apply to homogeneous samples and does not require normality. A similar quick method of choosing a symmetrizing transformation is outlined here, and a simple example is given.
Gender Disparities among Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients from a Multi-ethnic Population

BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a hemorrhagic stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have shown that minorities such as Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) with ICH are significantly younger compared to whites. However, the interaction of race and gender, and its impact on observed disparities among a multi-ethnic population in Hawai'i, have not been studied. METHODS Consecutive ICH patients (whites, Asians or NHOPI), who were hospitalized at a single tertiary center on O'ahu between 2006 and 2013 were retrospectively studied. Clinical characteristics were compared between men and women among the entire cohort, and within the major racial groups. RESULTS A total of 791 patients (NHOPI 19%, Asians 65%, whites 16%) were studied. Overall, men were younger than women (62±16 years vs 67±18 years respectively, P < .0001). Among whites, ages of men and women were similar (men: 67±14 years vs women: 67±17 years, P = .86). However, among Asians, men were significantly younger than women (men: 63±16 years vs women: 70±17 years, P < .0001). Among NHOPI, ages of men and women were similar (men: 53±15 years vs women: 56±17 years, P = .34), although NHOPI group overall had significantly younger age compared to whites and Asians (NHOPI: 54±16 years vs whites: 67±15 years, P < .0001; vs Asians: 66±17, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, men have younger age of ICH presentation than women. However, this observed gender difference was most significant among Asians, but not among whites or NHOPI.
Angular reflectance of graphene/SiO 2 /Si in UV spectral range: A study for potential applications

Abstract The optical performances of graphene have been already studied in the visible and infrared spectral regions in terms of protection and antireflection properties. In the ultraviolet range, the reflectance properties have been only partially investigated at the normal incidence configuration. On the other hand, graphene optical response at ultraviolet wavelengths is challenging due to the absorption increase, the Van Hove regions and the excitons effects. Thus, the determination of the optical constants and the prediction of the performances is debated. In this paper, experimental angular reflectance investigations of SiO 2 /Si specimens with a monolayer graphene deposited on, are reported at different ultraviolet lines against the incidence angle. The reflectance measurements are here discussed in the context of graphene properties and physical effects at the selected lines. Optical elements based on graphene/SiO 2 /Si are suggested as high quality, potentially time–stable reflective components. One possible application in UV–pump IR–probe arrangements is proposed in the light of the experimental and modeled results.
Mucopolysaccharides and Glycoproteins

There have been a number of recent reviews and monographs devoted to various aspects of the isolation, characterization, and analysis of mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins (Brimacombe and Webber, 1964; Gottschalk, 1972; Neufeld and Ginsburg, 1966; Quintarelli, 1968; Rossi and Stoll, 1968; Hunt, 1970; Balazs, 1970; Roy and Trudinger, 1970; Marshall and Neuberger, 1970). Many of the standard works on carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry also contain information pertinent to these subjects (Whistler and Wolfrom, 1962–1965; Jeanloz and Balazs, 1965-; Dutton, 1966; Davidson, 1967; Aspinall, 1970; Pigman and Horton, 1970-). The structure, metabolism, and possible functions of mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins in nervous tissue have recently been reviewed (Margolis, 1969; Brunn-graber, 1969).
Making sense of the noise: The effect of hydrology on silver carp eDNA detection in the Chicago area waterway system

Abstract Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is an emerging tool for monitoring the spread of aquatic invasive species. One confounding factor when interpreting eDNA sampling evidence is that eDNA can be present in the water in the absence of living target organisms, originating from excreta, dead tissue, boats, or sewage effluent, etc. In the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS), electric fish dispersal barriers were built to prevent non-native Asian carp species from invading Lake Michigan, and yet Asian carp eDNA has been detected above the barriers sporadically since 2009. In this paper the influence of stream flow characteristics in the CAWS on the probability of invasive Asian carp eDNA detection in the CAWS from 2009 to 2012 was examined. In the CAWS, the direction of stream flow is mostly away from Lake Michigan, though there are infrequent reversals in flow direction towards Lake Michigan during dry spells. We find that the flow reversal volume into the Lake has a statistically significant positive relationship with eDNA detection probability, while other covariates, like gage height, precipitation, season, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and chlorophyll concentration do not. This suggests that stream flow direction is highly influential on eDNA detection in the CAWS and should be considered when interpreting eDNA evidence. We also find that the beta-binomial regression model provides a stronger fit for eDNA detection probability compared to a binomial regression model. This paper provides a statistical modeling framework for interpreting eDNA sampling evidence and for evaluating covariates influencing eDNA detection.
Influences of Phonological Context on Tense Marking in Spanish–English Dual Language Learners

Purpose The emergence of tense-morpheme marking during language acquisition is highly variable, which confounds the use of tense marking as a diagnostic indicator of language impairment in linguist...
Ventilation Mechanisms: Problems in Evaluating the Transition to Birds

Review suggests that the ventilatory system of recent reptiles shows a diversity of structural and mechanical patterns of ventilation. The systems appear to have been selected for low energy expenditure; both behavioral and ecological factors influence the patterns seen. Endothermy apparently involved tighter constraints and hence greater stereotypy.
Microbial Adaptation to Extremes of Temperature and pH

The question I would like to raise in this brief article is whether there are fundamental physical and chemical limitations on the evolution of organisms able to grow under extreme environmental conditions such as we find in polluted situations. The specific environmental factors I would like to consider are high temperature and low pH, and high temperature and low pH taken together. Temperature and hydrogen ion concentration are probably the most basic environmental factors which organisms must cope with, and both natural and polluted environments exist in which these factors exist in the extreme. The attitude and approach here is quite different than that of the physiologist or biochemist, who looks at how a given organism responds to environmental change. We are interested in how living organisms, taken as totality, respond. This means we must look at stable natural environments which have been available for colonization for millions of years, so that we know there has been time for evolution to reach an equilibrium. We thus study natural thermal and acidic springs, since these provide relatively constant environments of types which have probably been available for colonization as long as life has been present on earth. Much of our own work has been reviewed recently (Brock, 1967, 1969, 1970) so that in the present paper I will give only an outline of past studies and concentrate on recent studies which have not yet been published. To simplify the discussion, I will consider high temperature and low pH separately, and then consider the two factors together.
In rape trauma PTSD, patient characteristics indicate which trauma‐focused treatment they are most likely to complete

Background Dropout rates for effective therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be high, especially in practice settings. Although clinicians have intuitions regarding what treatment patients may complete, there are few systematic data to drive those judgments. Methods A multivariable model of dropout risk was constructed with randomized clinical trial data (n = 160) comparing prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for rape-induced PTSD. A two-step bootstrapped variable selection algorithm was applied to identify moderators of dropout as a function of treatment condition. Employing identified moderators in a model, fivefold cross-validation yielded estimates of dropout probability for each patient in each condition. Dropout rates between patients who did and did not receive their model-indicated treatment were compared. Results Despite equivalent dropout rates across treatments, patients assigned to their model-indicated treatment were significantly less likely to drop out relative to patients who did not (relative risk = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.29-0.82]). Moderators included in the model were: childhood physical abuse, current relationship conflict, anger, and being a racial minority, all of which were associated with higher likelihood of dropout in PE than CPT. Conclusions Individual differences among patients affect the likelihood they will complete a particular treatment, and clinicians can consider these moderators in treatment planning. In the future, treatment selection models could be used to increase the percentage of patients who will receive a full course of treatment, but replication and extension of such models, and consideration of how best to integrate them into routine practice, are needed.
Rate of Change in Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels as a Method For Prostate Cancer Detection

To examine prospectively the usefulness of measurement of rate of change in serum prostate specific antigen levels (PSA slope) in detecting prostate cancer in a PSA-based prostate cancer screening study, we evaluated 982 serially screened men whose initial screening was negative for cancer. All men had at least 1 PSA value greater than 4.0 ng./ml. and all ultimately underwent prostatic biopsy. For those who entered the study with normal PSA levels, a PSA slope cutoff point of 0.75 ng./ml. per year or more maximized sensitivity and specificity for predicting cancer (odds ratio 7.20, 95% confidence interval 4.52 to 11.47). This cutoff point was most predictive for men 70 years old or younger. For men who entered the study with elevated PSA levels (greater than 4.0 ng./ml.) a lower PSA slope cutoff point (0.4 ng./ml. per year or more) maximized sensitivity and specificity for predicting cancer (odds ratio 2.73, 95% confidence interval 1.82 to 4.07). We conclude that PSA slope is useful for serial prostate cancer screening, although its predictive value varies with patient age and initial PSA level.
Scapula Skin-Dressing and Fiber Processing Tools

Information from ethnographic and archaeological literature supports the interpretation that some bison scapula tools were used for dressing skins. Sim!lar scapula artifacts may have been used for ...
FBG-Based Weak Coherent State and Entanglement-Assisted Multidimensional QKD

In this paper, we propose several fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) based on both weak coherent state (WCS) and entanglement-assisted (EA) multidimensional QKD (MQKD) protocols with mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) derived from the complex Hadamard matrices. We also propose how to implement them by using FBGs with orthogonal impulse responses, derived from Slepian sequences. The proposed FBG-based protocols are capable of simultaneously achieving unprecedented spectral efficiency and secret-key rates in long-distance quantum communication. Regarding the WCS protocols, random base selection and FGB-MUB-based protocols are introduced. Regarding EA protocols, we introduce a generic class of FBG-based N-dimensional protocols and describe the corresponding FBG-based encoders and decoders. The security analysis of the proposed MQKD protocols is further performed by taking into account FBG fabrication imperfections, modeled by the L-neighbor model. It has been shown that the proposed MQKD protocols significantly outperform the conventional two-dimensional QKD protocols, and impose less stringent bandwidth requirements compared to multidimensional time-frequency and time-bin protocols.
Heart specific knockout of Ndufs4 ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury.

Abstract Rationale Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality. The most effective intervention for IHD is reperfusion, which ironically causes ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury mainly due to oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte death. The exact mechanism and site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during I/R injury remain elusive. Objective We aim to test the hypothesis that Complex I-mediated forward and reverse electron flows are the major source of ROS in I/R injury of the heart. Methods and results We used a genetic model of mitochondrial Complex I deficiency, in which a Complex I assembling subunit, Ndufs4 was knocked out in the heart (Ndufs4H−/−). The Langendorff perfused Ndufs4H−/− hearts exhibited significantly reduced infarct size (45.3 ± 5.5% in wild type vs 20.9 ± 8.1% in Ndufs4H−/−), recovered contractile function, and maintained mitochondrial membrane potential after no flow ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. In cultured adult cardiomyocytes from Ndufs4H−/− mice, I/R mimetic treatments caused minimal cell death. Reintroducing Ndufs4 in Ndufs4H−/− cardiomyocytes abolished the protection. Mitochondrial NADH declined much slower in Ndufs4H−/− cardiomyocytes during reperfusion suggesting decreased forward electron flow. Mitochondrial flashes, a marker for mitochondrial respiration, were inhibited in Ndufs4H−/− cardiomyocytes at baseline and during I/R, which was accompanied by preserved aconitase activity suggesting lack of oxidative damage. Finally, pharmacological blockade of forward and reverse electron flow at Complex I inhibited I/R-induced cell death. Conclusions These results provide the first genetic evidence supporting the central role of mitochondrial Complex I in I/R injury of mouse heart. The study also suggests that both forward and reverse electron flows underlie oxidative cardiomyocyte death during reperfusion.
Application of new material testing integrated (MTI) simulation paradigm for studying concrete confinement

This paper presents a new experimental–numerical simulation framework for investigating the impacts of unconventional material behaviors on the global response of structural systems. The new framework is specifically designed to address: (1) knowledge gaps related to the lack of analytical tools for predicting the behavior of materials under nontraditional loading environments, and (2) high costs associated with large-scale experimental testing. The new simulation method, named material testing integrated (MTI) simulation, incorporates physical material test data into numerical simulation of structural system or component to provide more accurate structural performance evaluation based on reliable constitutive behavior of materials. To demonstrate the new concept, this paper utilizes MTI simulation to study and compare the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns rehabilitated with steel and shape memory alloy spiral reinforcement. The experimental-based MTI simulation responses of the columns are compared with that of conventional numerical simulation. The results show that the test data utilized in the MTI simulation are well reflected in the global seismic response of the RC columns.
Whole Genome Resequencing of Arkansas Progressor and Regressor Line Chickens to Identify SNPs Associated with Tumor Regression

Arkansas Regressor (AR) chickens, unlike Arkansas Progressor (AP) chickens, regress tumors induced by the v-src oncogene. To better understand the genetic factors responsible for this tumor regression property, whole genome resequencing was conducted using Illumina Hi-Seq 2 × 100 bp paired-end read method (San Diego, CA, USA) with AR (confirmed tumor regression property) and AP chickens. Sequence reads were aligned to the chicken reference genome (galgal5) and produced coverage of 11× and 14× in AR and AP, respectively. A total of 7.1 and 7.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were present in AR and AP genomes, respectively. Through a series of filtration processes, a total of 12,242 SNPs were identified in AR chickens that were associated with non-synonymous, frameshift, nonsense, no-start and no-stop mutations. Further filtering of SNPs based on read depth ≥ 10, SNP% ≥ 0.75, and non-synonymous mutations identified 63 reliable marker SNPs which were chosen for gene network analysis. The network analysis revealed that the candidate genes identified in AR chickens play roles in networks centered to ubiquitin C (UBC), phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) complexes suggesting that the tumor regression property in AR chickens might be associated with ubiquitylation, PI3K, and NF-kB signaling pathways. This study provides an insight into genetic factors that could be responsible for the tumor regression property.
Hemodynamic Support Using Percutaneous Transfemoral Impella 5.0 and Impella RP for Refractory Cardiogenic Shock

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) resulting in cardiogenic shock continues to be a substantial source of morbidity and mortality despite advances in recognition and treatment. Prior to the advent of percutaneous and more durable left ventricular support devices, prompt revascularization with the addition of vasopressors and inotropes were the standard of care in the management of this critical population. Recent published studies have shown that in addition to prompt revascularization, unloading of the left ventricle with the placement of the Impella percutaneous axillary flow pump can lead to improvement in mortality. Parameters such as the cardiac power output (CPO) and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi), obtained through pulmonary artery catheterization, can help ascertain the productivity of right and left ventricular function. Utilization of these parameters can provide the information necessary to escalate support to the right ventricle with the insertion of an Impella RP or the left ventricle with the insertion of larger devices, which provide more forward flow. Herein, we present a case of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock resulting in biventricular failure treated with the percutaneous insertion of an Impella RP and Impella 5.0 utilizing invasive markers of left and right ventricular function to guide the management and escalation of care.
Sexually Transmitted Infections Detected During and After Incarceration Among People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Prevalence and Implications for Screening and Prevention.

Background Incarceration and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs); however, little is known about STI prevalence among people living with HIV (PLWH) during and after incarceration. Methods Electronic medical records from the Dallas County Jail and community HIV clinics were reviewed to determine the frequency and results of testing for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among PLWH incarcerated in Dallas County Jail between 2010 and 2013. HIV viral loads (VL) and evidence of STI symptoms and treatment were also collected. Results During 2473 incarcerations, 6 (3%) of 190 tests were positive for gonorrhea, 7 (4%) of 190 for chlamydia, 231 (21%) of 1082 for syphilis, of which 53 (23%) were new diagnoses, and 48 (5%) of 1005 for HBV surface antigen. Among 1631 releases to the community, 808 followed up in community clinics, where 21 (4%) 553 tests were positive for gonorrhea, 23 (4%) of 555 for chlamydia, 150 (19%) of 808 for syphilis, of which 31 (21%) were new diagnoses, and 24 (6%) of 421 for HBV surface antigen. The majority of new STI cases, 51 (80%) of 64 in jail and 43 (77%)of 56 in the community, had a concurrent detectable (>200 copies/mL) HIV VL. Conclusions Testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia was low, particularly in jail, which was attributed to testing protocols. High proportions of PLWH tested positive for syphilis and HBV infection in both settings. The majority of patients with active STIs had a detectable HIV VL. Routine, opt-out screening for STIs for PLWH during and after incarceration has the potential to identify a high proportion of STIs and improve secondary HIV prevention.
Easy calibration of the Light Plate Apparatus for optogenetic experiments

Abstract Optogenetic systems use genetically-encoded light-sensitive proteins to control and study cellular processes. As the number and quality of these systems grows, there is an increasing need for user-friendly and flexible hardware to provide programmed illumination to cultures of cells. One platform which satisfies this need for a variety of optogenetic systems and organisms is the Light Plate Apparatus (LPA), which delivers a controlled light dose to each well of a 24-well plate. Experimental reproducibility requires appropriate calibration to produce accurate light doses within individual wells of the LPA and between LPAs. In this study, we present an easy and accurate method for calibrating the LPA. In particular, we: • developed a 3D printed adaptor and MATLAB code to allow rapid measurement of irradiance produced by the LPA and subsequent calibration • provide appropriate code and methodology for generating a standard curve for each LPA • demonstrate the utility and accuracy of this method between users and LPAs
The Influence of the LC with Clamping Diodes dv/dt Filter on Current Control of PMSM Drives in Case of Inverter Output Current Sensing and Its Compensation

This paper presents effect of LC with clamping diodes dv/dt filter on current-controlled PMSM drives in case where 3-phase inverter output currents are measured and used in the digital control loop. In particular, this case can be reported in some cases. Firstly, power devices are equipped with integrated pilot current sensors. Secondly, PCB technology based Rogowski coils are installed in inverter leg with analog circuit to feed a signal to microcontroller. Thirdly, hall type current sensors are packaged in inverter output terminal through a bus bar. In those cases, it is inevitable to measure inverter currents because it is hard to move the location of current sensor. In this manner, the effect of filter resonance should be considered properly to control the motor current accurately because the measured inverter output current includes both motor and filter resonant current. If the resonant current of the filter is not compensated properly, it causes the DC offset of motor current which bring about the torque ripples. In order to compensate the offset, inserting a two stage Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is used and the calculated offset is subtracted from the sampled current. Judging by simulation and experimental results, it is confirmed that the compensation method eliminates the offset of the motor current effectively, and thereby reducing the torque ripple as well.
Utilizing RNA and outlier analysis to identify an intronic splice-altering variant in AP4S1 in a sibling pair with progressive spastic paraplegia.

We report a likely pathogenic splice-altering AP4S1 intronic variant in two sisters with progressive spastic paraplegia, global developmental delay, shy character, and foot deformities. Sequencing was completed on whole-blood messenger RNA (mRNA) and analyzed for gene expression outliers after exome sequencing analysis failed to identify a causative variant. AP4S1 was identified as an outlier and contained a rare homozygous variant located three bases upstream of exon 5 (NC_000014.8(NM_007077.4):c.295-3C>A). Confirmed by additional RNA-seq, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing, this variant corresponded with exon 5, including skipping, altered isoform usage, and loss of expression from the canonical isoform 2 (NM_001128126.3). Previously, loss-of-function variants within AP4S1 were associated with a quadriplegic cerebral palsy-6 phenotype, AP-4 Deficiency Syndrome. In this study, the inclusion of mRNA-seq allowed for the identification of a previously missed splice-altering variant, and thereby expands the mutational spectrum of AP-4 Deficiency Syndrome to include impacts to some tissue-dependent isoforms.
Socioecological indicators of senior financial exploitation: an application of data science to 8,800 substantiated mistreatment cases

Senior financial exploitation (FE) is prevalent and harmful. Its often insidious nature and co-occurrence with other forms of mistreatment make detection and substantiation challenging. A secondary...
Chapter 15 – Advanced Data Encryption

In this chapter we will explore advanced data encryption algorithms. Every engineered system has a flaw, and it is only a matter of time before someone compromises it, thus demanding new innovations by exploring applications from algebraic structures such as groups and rings, elliptic curves, hyperelliptic curves, lattice-based and quantum physics. Over the last 20 years we have witnessed the evolution of classical cryptography into quantum cryptography, a branch of quantum information theory. Quantum cryptography is based on the framework of quantum physics, and it is meant to solve the problem of key distribution, which is an essential component of cryptography that enables securing the data. The key allows the data to be so coded that to decode the data one would need to know the key that was used to code the data. This coding of the given data using the key is known as the encryption, and decoding of the encryption data, which is the reverse stepby-step process, is known as the decryption. Data encryption prevents data from being exposed to unauthorized access and makes it unusable.
Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous colitis in dogs treated according to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling.

Background Eradication of intramucosal Escherichia coli correlates with remission of periodic acid-Schiff-positive E coli-associated granulomatous colitis (GC). Treatment failures attributed to multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria necessitate alternative approaches. Hypothesis/objectives Determine clinical outcome of E coli-associated GC in dogs treated based on antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and characterize E coli phylogeny and resistance mechanisms. Animals Twenty Boxers and 4 French Bulldogs with E coli-associated GC. Methods Culture, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling, and molecular characterization of E coli were performed and response to treatment was evaluated. Results Initial biopsy sample culture yielded fluoroquinolone-sensitive (FQ-S) E coli from 9/24 dogs and fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) E coli from 15/24. All but 1 FQ-R E coli were MDR with susceptibility to macrophage-penetrating antimicrobials restricted to carbapenems in 13/15 dogs. Of 22/24 treated based on susceptibility profiling, 8/9 FQ-S dogs had complete initial clinical response (CR) during fluoroquinolone (FQ) treatment, whereas 9/13 FQ-R dogs had complete or partial response (PR) during meropenem or doxycycline treatment. In 5/9 FQ-S and 12/13 FQ-R dogs with follow-up ≥3 months, CR was sustained in 5/5 FQ-S (median, 25 months; range, 4-46) whereas 6/12 FQ-R had long-term CR (median, 59 months; range 15-102), 4/12 PR (median, 19 months; range, 5-65), and 2/12 had no response (NR). Four dogs with long-term follow-up died within 4 years of diagnosis, including 2 euthanized for refractory colitis. Escherichia coli were genetically diverse. Fluoroquinolone resistance was associated with mutations in gyrA and parC, with plasmid-mediated resistance less common. Conclusions and clinical importance Antimicrobial treatment guided by susceptibility profiling was associated with positive long-term outcomes in >80% of cases. Fluoroquinolone-resistance was widespread and not clonal. Further study is required to optimize treatment for dogs with MDR E coli-associated GC.
Characterization of Age-Related Differences in the Human Choroid Plexus Volume, Microstructural Integrity, and Blood Perfusion Using Multiparameter Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The choroid plexus (CP) is an important cerebral structure involved in cerebrospinal fluid production and transport of solutes into the brain. Recent studies have uncovered the involvement of the CP in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. However, our understanding of human age-related microstructural and functional changes in the CP with aging and neuropathology is limited. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated age and sex differences in the CP structure and function using advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging methodology in a large cohort (n = 155) of cognitively unimpaired individuals over a wide age range between 21 and 94 years. Our analysis included volumetric measurements, relaxometry measures (T1 and T2), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), as well as measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Our results revealed that CP volume was increasing with advancing age. We conjecture that this novel observation is likely attributed to alterations in the CP microstructure or function as well as to ventriculomegaly. Indeed, we also found that CBF was lower with advanced age, while, consistent with previous studies, T1, T2, and MD were higher, and FA was lower with advanced age. We attribute these functional and microstructural differences to a deteriorated CP structural integrity with aging. Furthermore, our relaxometry and DTI measures were found to be associated with differences in blood perfusion revealing lower microstructural integrity with lower CBF. Finally, in agreement with literature, sex-related differences in MD and CBF were statistically significant. This work lays the foundation for ongoing investigation of the involvement of CP in neurodegeneration.
C.W. Park: A Pioneer in the Study of Branding

The Legends in Consumer Behavior series captures the essence of the most important contributions made in the field of consumer behavior in the past several decades. It reproduces the seminal works of the legends in the field, which are supplemented by interviews of these legends as well as by the opinions of other scholars about their work.
Scandinavian Iron Age

The climate during the Scandinavian Iron Age was apparently cooler and wetter than today. Cooler temperatures made both agriculture and stock raising more difficult, and may have led farmers to keep their livestock indoors during the winter and consequently focus some effort on raising hay and other animal feeds.
UNIVERSAL INSTANTIATION: A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF CONTEXT IN LOGIC

The rule of universal instantiation appears to be subject to counterexamples, although the rule of existential generalization is not subject to the same doubts. This paper is a survey of ways of responding to this problem, both conservative and revisionist. The conclusion drawn is that logical validity should be defined in terms of assertibility in a context rather than in terms of truth on an interpretation. Contexts are here defined, not in terms of the attitudes of the interlocutors, but in terms of the goals of conversation, and assertibility is explained in terms of cooperation.
Prices, Segregation, and Racial Harmony.

The most significant social problem of our time is the racial problem. Three broad solutions to this problem have been suggested: maintain the status quo, move in the direction of separatism and apartheid, and move in the direction of integration. There is an abundance of evidence from recent experience that maintenance of the status quo is intolerable to the black population. Separatism, preached by the political extreme, both black and white, is not only unworkable, but is morally indefensible. The racial problem will not be solved unless we move quickly in the direction of an integrated society in the broadest sense of that term. Such integration is impossible unless we end residential segregation. Residential segregation reduces employment opportunities for Negroes. With the exodus of industry away from the center of the city and with the influx of blacks from the South into the center of the city, black employment opportunities have been reduced. John Kain (1968; also see Mooney, 1969) estimated the diminution of black employ-
Estudio Clinico De Enfermedad Miocárdica Primaria

We studied 26 patients with cardiomyopathy in the span of 10 years ( 1960-1970 ) , and originating from different regions of the country; 24 cases were males and 2 were females. Thirteen patients corresponded to the called idiopathic cardiomyopathy , 8 were related to alcoholism , 3 were familial, a case of postpartum disease and one with endomyocardial fibrosis . The ages ranged from 13 to 65, with an average of 41.8 years. Clinically, all patients, except one , had manifestations of heart failure with varying physical findings predominance the existence of cardiomegaly , systemic venous hypertension and gallop . In only one case the symptoms were related exclusively to multiple embolism. The most common arrhythmias were extrasystolic type , having demonstrated atrial fibrillation or flutter in 5 cases. The electrocardiographic patterns were also varied , showing preferably a combination lock intraventricular low voltage ; electrocardiogram was within normal limits in only one patient , who died with cardiomegaly and heart failure. Radiology showed a predominance of cardiac enlargement left cavities in virtually all cases. Fourteen patients died, necropsy performed on all of them . Macroscopic study of the heart was abnormal in 13 cases , showing dilatation and hypertrophy , only one case of a heart was found normal appearance . However, in all cases studied histology indicated that mainly changes committed to the myocardial fibers in the form of myocytolysis , nuclear changes and unspecific changes in the interstitial tissue ; these alterations were common to many patients and not keep apparent relation to the different clinical pictures. Abnormalities or inflammatory atherosclerotic were negligible.
Effects of Chinese Herbal Extracts on Tyrosinase Activity and Melanogenesis

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis pathway of melanin pigment, which is the most important determinant of the colour of skin and hair colour. Hair turns grey due to a decrease in the production of melanin in the hair bulb, which gives the hair its colour. In previous study, Chinese herbal have been found to increase melanin production and prevent the graying of hair. We demonstrated that 2, 3, 5, 4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β- D-glucoside (THSG), gallic acid, physcion, and emodin are the major compounds of Fallopia multiflora in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. In our preliminary screening using mushroom tyrosinase, 2, 3, 5, 4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside, gallic acid, and physcion were found to show significant increased activity for tyrosinase. We also investigated that Chinese herbal extracts (Fallopia multiflora, Ligustrum lucidum ait, Angelica sinensis, and other Chinese herbal) to show significant increased activity for mushroom tyrosinase and melanogenesis in mouse melanocytes. Therefore, Chinese herbal extracts can be a potential agent for hair blackening to be used in cosmetic products.
How Does Availability of Meteorological Forcing Data Impact Physically Based Snowpack Simulations

AbstractPhysically based models facilitate understanding of seasonal snow processes but require meteorological forcing data beyond air temperature and precipitation (e.g., wind, humidity, shortwave radiation, and longwave radiation) that are typically unavailable at automatic weather stations (AWSs) and instead are often represented with empirical estimates. Research is needed to understand which forcings (after temperature and precipitation) would most benefit snow modeling through expanded observation or improved estimation techniques. Here, the impact of forcing data availability on snow model output is assessed with data-withholding experiments using 3-yr datasets at well-instrumented sites in four climates. The interplay between forcing availability and model complexity is examined among the Utah Energy Balance (UEB), the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) snow submodel, and the snow thermal model (SNTHERM). Sixty-four unique forcing scenarios were evaluated, with different assumptio...
Surface ripples cause the large fluid spaces between gel phase bilayers containing small amounts of cholesterol.

Abstract Previous studies have found that small concentrations of cholesterol, or several other molecules such as benzene and asialoganglioside, dramatically increase the fluid separation between gel phase phosphatidylcholine bilayers. These observations can not be explained in terms of changes in the repulsive and attractive pressures known to exist between flat gel phase bilayer surfaces. We show here that the increase in fluid space occurs as a consequence of cholesterol inducing large periodic ripples in the plane of the bilayer. The analysis of Mortensen et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 945, 221–245) indicates that the sides of the ripples primarily contain gel phase phosphatidylcholine, whereas the apices are enriched in cholesterol and are liquid-crystalline. We argue that the large fluid spaces can be explained by steric repulsion between adjacent bilayers caused both by thermally induced accordion-like motions of these ripples and defects in the ripple organization. In addition, ripples potentially can decrease van der Waals attraction and change hydration repulsion between bilayers.
Application of time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to electronic structure in metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states.

Infrared data in the ν(CO) region (1800−2150 cm-1, in acetonitrile at 298 K) are reported for the ground (νgs) and polypyridyl-based, metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited (νes) states of cis-[Os(pp)2(CO)(L)]n+ (pp = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2‘-bipyridine (bpy); L = PPh3, CH3CN, pyridine, Cl, or H) and fac-[Re(pp)(CO)3(4-Etpy)]+ (pp = phen, bpy, 4,4‘-(CH3)2bpy, 4,4‘-(CH3O)2bpy, or 4,4‘-(CO2Et)2bpy; 4-Etpy = 4-ethylpyridine). Systematic variations in νgs, νes, and Δν (Δν = νes − νgs) are observed with the excited-to-ground-state energy gap (E0) derived by a Franck−Condon analysis of emission spectra. These variations can be explained qualitatively by invoking a series of electronic interactions. Variations in dπ(M)−π*(CO) back-bonding are important in the ground state. In the excited state, the important interactions are (1) loss of back-bonding and σ(M−CO) bond polarization, (2) π*(pp•-)−π*(CO) mixing, which provides the orbital basis for mixing π*(CO)- and π*(4,4‘-X2bpy)-based MLC...
A New Tomato Mutant Inefficient in the Transport of Iron

An Fe-inefficient tomato mutant, T3238fe (Lycopersicon esculentum) was identified by growing the plants in solution cultures containing different concentrations of FeHEDTA. Approach grafts of T3238Fe (Fe-efficient) top on T3238fe rootstock and vice versa, located the cause of Fe inefficiency in T3238fe roots. The T3238Fe tomato takes up more Fe than T3238fe and it responds favorably to Fe-stress by releasing hydrogen ions from its roots, increasing reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ at its roots, and increasing the citrate concentration in its roots. T3238fe showed very little response to Fe stress; it was unable to absorb and transport adequate Fe from PeEDDHA to support growth.
High-Order Semi-Implicit Schemes for Unsteady Compressible Flow Simulations

Direct numerical simulation of stability and transition of compressible boundary layers requires high-orderaccurate and computationally efe cient numerical methods to resolve a wide range of time- and length scales associated with wave e elds in the boundary layers. Explicit methods have been used mainly in such simulations to advance the compressible Navier ‐Stokes equations in time. However, the small wall-normal grid sizes for viscous e ow simulations impose a severe stability restriction on the allowable time steps in simulations using the explicit method. This requires implicit treatment to our numerical method. Although fully implicit methods are often used in steady-e ow calculations to remove the stability restriction on time steps, they are seldom used in transient e ow simulations because the time steps used in time-accurate calculations are often not large enough to offset high computational cost of using fully implicit methods. A high-order-accurate semi-implicit scheme is presented for the direct numerical simulation of the stability and transition of compressible wall-bounded e ows. The efe ciency and accuracy of the semi-implicit scheme are evaluated by applying the method to transient e ow simulations of several supersonic and hypersonic wall-bounded e ow stability problems.