cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conservation action implementation, funding, and population trends of birds listed on the Endangered Species Act

Abstract Current rates of species endangerment and extinction are unprecedented in modern times. Conservation efforts aim to slow down, stop, and reverse threats to species and thus the current loss of biodiversity. However, the extinction risk to species continues to rise. Thus far, research has examined the efficiency and the effectiveness of conservation actions individually, yet, the full suite of implemented conservation actions should be considered. We assessed all implemented conservation actions for avian species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the United States. Using data available through the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) we assessed the relationships between conservation actions implemented, population trends, and financial expenditures for all listed species each year between 1996 and 2013. We found positive associations between the amount of funding allocated for a species and their population trend. Implementation of the conservation actions habitat protection and educational awareness were positively associated with annual funding for a species. Our results highlight the disparity in conservation action implementation and resource allocation between ESA listed species on the mainland and on islands in the USA. Together these results and the cause and effect relationships they suggest could provide a pathway toward more effective conservation programs.
On the Role of High-Frequency Intramolecular Vibrations in Ultrafast Back-Electron Transfer Reactions

Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy is used to study photoinduced metal-to-metal charge transfer in the mixed-valence complex [(NC)5FeII–CN–PtIV(NH3)4–NC–FeII(CN)5]4– dissolved in D2O. Four intramolecular cyanide stretching (νCN) vibrations create a multidimensional probe of vibrational excitation, redistribution, and relaxation dynamics following ultrafast back-electron transfer (BET). We find that BET to the electronic ground state occurs in 110 ± 10 fs, during which greater than 6 quanta (n > 6) of vibrational energy are directed into the bridging νCN mode (νbridge). Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution from the νbridge mode excites a solvent-accessible νCN mode on a 630 ± 50 fs time scale. Vibrational cooling to n = 1 and vibrational relaxation ensue on time scales of 1.3 ± 0.1 and 15–20 ps, respectively. These results highlight the important role played by a coupled network of high-frequency vibrations in ultrafast charge transfer processes in solution.
Recruitment into Clinical Trials: Between Rocks and Hard Places

It is no longer a secret that nephrology trails behind all other medical subspecialties in the design and implementation of clinical trials [1]. Moreover, even the subsets of studies that are completed often involve small patient cohorts and are underpowered to achieve their primary objective [2]. These limitations have hindered the development of effective therapeutic agents for most kidney diseases. As a consequence of this global failure to promote an effective clinical research agenda, there have been calls to devise new strategies to foster interest in clinical research and encourage enrollment into clinical trials by patients with kidney disease.
Probing Redox Reactions at the Nanoscale with Electrochemical Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

A fundamental understanding of electrochemical processes at the nanoscale is crucial to solving problems in research areas as diverse as electrocatalysis, energy storage, biological electron transfer, and plasmon-driven chemistry. However, there is currently no technique capable of directly providing chemical information about molecules undergoing heterogeneous charge transfer at the nanoscale. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) uniquely offers subnanometer spatial resolution and single-molecule sensitivity, making it the ideal tool for studying nanoscale electrochemical processes with high chemical specificity. In this work, we demonstrate the first electrochemical TERS (EC-TERS) study of the nanoscale redox behavior of Nile Blue (NB), and compare these results with conventional cyclic voltammetry (CV). We successfully monitor the disappearance of the 591 cm–1 band of NB upon reduction and its reversible reappearance upon oxidation during the CV. Interestingly, we observe a negative shift of more tha...
Using Life Satisfaction Data to Identify Urban Problems, Prioritize Local Public Expenditures and Monitor the Quality of Urban Life

Combined with housing price data, life satisfaction data can be used to assess the implicit value that individuals attach to all types of urban amenities and features, and to compute to what extent those values are reflected in housing market prices. This chapter explains the theoretical underpinnings of the methodology and reviews the results obtained when applying it to a handful of Latin American cities. It also describes how the results can illuminate public investment and finance decisions oriented towards maximizing the life satisfaction or urban dwellers. The methodology proposed can be easily integrated into the urban monitoring systems in place in a growing number of cities.
The Vitrification Component: An Integral Part of a Successful Single-Embryo Transfer Program

Since its introduction in 1978, IVF has registered impressive gains in implantation rate and live birth rate. Some of these successes have been due to improvements in culture systems and in vitro culture media, as well as more advanced training and proficiency of embryologists. In the early days of IVF, it was common to transfer two or even more embryos per patient regardless of age or embryo quality. As a result, the rate of higher-order multiple gestation increased dramatically. Multiple gestations are high-risk pregnancies and should be avoided for several reasons. The only truly effective means to avoid multiple gestations is to transfer only one embryo at a time. However, patient autonomy represents a particular challenge especially given an overwhelming desire for twin pregnancies after IVF. Therefore, patient education is vital to encourage patients to find an elective single-embryo transfer (eSET), an acceptable treatment option. This decision can be supported by a having a successful cryopreservation program available for supernumerary embryos, as this approach can help maintain satisfactory reproductive outcomes. In this chapter, the application of vitrification technology for cryopreservation of human blastocysts (as a keystone in a successful single-embryo transfer program) is described in step-by-step protocols. The results here illustrate the robustness of current vitrification technology and can be persuasive in encouraging patients to transfer only one embryo at a time.
Preventable Visual Loss

Ten million or so Americans have some visual disability, of whom perhaps half a million are legally blind with corrected vision of less than 20/200 in each eye. Another million or so have visual impairment such that despite wearing glasses they cannot read a newspaper.1 Precise data regarding the prevalence and cause of visual problems do not exist. To attempt to generate such data, between 1979 and 1983 the National Eye Institute performed a study to determine whether it could obtain “estimates of the prevalence, by cause, of visual acuity impairment in persons 25 years of age or older.”2 The study concluded that such estimates could not be reliably obtained, largely because people were unwilling to be examined (P. F. Palmberg, personal communication).
Self-regulation and academic achievement in the transition to school.

Understanding of children's cognitive and social development has advanced significantly over the past 3 decades. Particularly with regard to those skills critical for academic success, research has revealed that multiple interacting factors in the child, home, school, and larger sociocultural context all contribute to children's literacy, numeracy, language, and social skills, starting early in life and continuing throughout the school years (Morrison, Bachman, & Connor, 2005). One factor, self-regulation, has surfaced recently as a crucial skill that uniquely predicts children's early school success. Poor self-regulation has been linked to high rates of expulsion, most dramatically in preschool classrooms (Gilliam & Shahar, 2006). Self-regulation refers to a complex of acquired, intentional skills involved in controlling, directing, and planning one's cognitions, emotions, and behaviot (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1997). In investigations beyond the class-
Activated Protein C Prevents Peritoneal Fibrosis

Abstract Patients with chronic kidney disease require dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) for treatment. Peritoneal dialysis is an alternative to hemodialysis for the treatment of end-stage renal disease and is based on the use of the peritoneum as a permeable membrane where ultrafiltration and diffusion between dialysate and blood can take place across the peritoneum. Peritoneal fibrosis is one of the main complications of peritoneal dialysis and affects up to 20% of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal fibrosis. The exact mechanism of this process has yet to be elucidated and no effective therapy for the problem has been established. APC is a natural vitamin-K dependent anticoagulant protease, which also has potent antiinflammatory activity. We hypothesized that the antiinflammatory function of APC may inhibit dialysis-mediated peritoneal fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, we generated a chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced peritoneal fibrosis model by injecting CG to male C57BL/6 mice for 21 days with or without intraperitoneal administration of a low dose of recombinant APC (50 µg/kg/day bodyweight) one hour before injecting CG. At 10 and 21 days after injection, the mice were sacrificed and the parietal peritoneum and omentom were dissected for histological evaluation and for analysis of expression of inflammatory molecules. Strikingly, we discovered that APC inhibits the thickness of peritoneal fibrosis and potently inhibits the mRNA expression of TGF-b1, cytokeratins, a2-integrin, MMP-2 and 9 and also significantly increases the mRNA expression of TIMP-2 in peritoneal tissues of the experimental animals. We also discovered that APC significantly decreases the concentration of TGF-b1 and dramatically increases the concentration of tPA in peritoneal fluids. Taken together, our findings suggest that APC may have therapeutic potential in ameliorating dialysis-mediated peritoneal fibrosis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Immunohistochemical Detection of ROS1 Fusion

Objectives Patients whose tumors harbor ROS1 translocation may benefit from targeted therapy. Detection of ROS1 rearrangement can be done by three methods: immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and molecular assays. Immunohistochemistry would be a cost-effective means to screen for ROS1 translocation, which is uncommon. Methods ROS1 immunostain was performed on cases with known ROS1 translocation status detected either by fluorescence in situ hybridization or next-generation sequencing. Results Fifty-seven cases, 10 lung carcinomas with ROS1 rearrangement and 47 cases without ROS1 rearrangement (25 lung carcinomas, 13 gastrointestinal carcinomas, three brain tumors, and six miscellaneous tumors), were included. ROS1 immunostain exhibited 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity, with staining seen in 10 (100%) of 10 cases with ROS1 rearrangement and in seven (15%) of 47 lung cases without ROS1 rearrangement. Weak or 1+ staining of reactive pneumocytes was seen in eight (14%) of 57 cases, and strong staining of osteoclast giant cells was seen in one case. Conclusions Since ROS1 rearrangement is an infrequent event, immunohistochemistry is a cost-effective screening method. Confirmation of all positive and equivocal/weak staining with molecular assays would exclude the false-positive cases.
Exploring snow model parameter sensitivity using Sobol' variance decomposition

This study advances model diagnostics for snowmelt-based hydrological systems using Sobol sensitivity analysis, illuminating parameter sensitivities and contrasting model structural differences. We consider several distinct snow-dominated locations in the western United States, running both SNOW-17, a conceptual degree-day model, and the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) snow model, a physically-based model. Model performance is rigorously evaluated through global sensitivity analysis and a temperature warming analysis is conducted to explore how model parameterizations affect portrayals of climate change. Both VIC and SNOW-17 produce comparable results with SNOW-17 performing slightly better for shallower snowpacks and VIC performing better for deeper snowpacks. However, the lack of sensitivity of SNOW-17 to climate warming suggests that it may not be as reliable as a more sensitive model like VIC. Inter-model differences presented here offer insights into physical features with greatest uncertainty and may inform future model development and planning activities. Historically-fixed parameters in the VIC snow model can greatly affect SWE simulations.Calibrating the VIC snow model, although not common practice, improves simulated SWE.Greater model complexity was not necessarily associated with higher model performance.
Argumentation and Evaluation Intervention in Science Classes: Teaching and Learning with Toulmin

The focus of this chapter is on an Argumentation and Evaluation Intervention (AEI) and the associated graphic organizer, the Argumentation and Evaluation Guide (AEG). The primary goal is to describe the final version of the intervention and graphic organizer developed during a 3-year design study funded by the National Science Foundation for use in middle and secondary science classrooms that contained students of diverse abilities. The framework for the intervention was based on components of argumentation described by Toulmin (The uses of argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958). As such, it incorporated consideration of claims, qualifiers, evidence or grounds, warrants, rebuttals or counterarguments, and conclusions or judgments. This chapter presents detailed descriptions of the major components of the AEG and instructional procedures. After the description of each component, we will present insights from the design study, during which the project staff developed the intervention in collaboration with participating teacher-researchers. In discussions, teacher-researchers provided insights into their views of argumentation, perceptions of their own abilities to teach higher-order thinking associated with argumentation, and their views about students’ abilities to engage in argumentation. Then, via classroom observations and debriefings, they provided information about implementation of the procedures in science classrooms. Finally, observations and discourses with the teacher-researchers and others in the participating schools provided information on the use of additional general supportive instructional strategies and cross-curricular implications of the AEI.
Physical Properties of Polymers

The factors which determine the outstanding physical properties of polymers produced on a large scale are listed as Crystallinity, Hydrogen Bonding, Reinforcement and Plasticization. Each of these is considered in some detail.
Injection Pharyngoplasty With a Hyaluronic Acid and Dextranomer Copolymer to Treat Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Adults.

Abstract Objective To describe the treatment of adult velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) with injection of a hyaluronic acid and dextranomer copolymer (Dx/HA). Patients and Methods This was a retrospective case series of 25 consecutively treated adults with VPI who underwent Dx/HA injection pharyngoplasty in a multidisciplinary clinic from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014. Data recorded included etiology of VPI, perceptual analysis of resonance, nasalance scores, and estimation of velopharyngeal gap characteristics on video nasendoscopy before and after the intervention. Statistical comparisons were made using a 2-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Patients had VPI due to a neurologic etiology, due to a benign anatomic etiology, or acquired after treatment for a head and neck malignancy. Injections were performed with local anesthesia, monitored anesthesia care, or general anesthesia. There were statistically significant improvements in speech resonance, nasalance, and velopharyngeal gap size after treatment. Patients with neurologic or benign anatomic etiologies of their VPI had more significant improvement than those with VPI after treatment of malignancy. Nineteen of the 25 patients required only 1 injection to achieve their final result. Conclusion Injection pharyngoplasty with a readily available Dx/HA is an effective treatment for VPI that allows for titration to complete velopharyngeal closure under local anesthesia or light sedation. It is most effective in patients with nonmalignant etiologies of VPI and in those with good lateral wall motion. Complications experienced were postoperative neck pain and occult retropharyngeal fluid collection, highlighting the importance of follow-up.
Stall/surge dynamics of a multi-stage air compressor in response to a load transient of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system

Abstract A better understanding of turbulent unsteady flows in gas turbine systems is necessary to design and control compressors for hybrid fuel cell-gas turbine systems. Compressor stall/surge analysis for a 4 MW hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system for locomotive applications is performed based upon a 1.7 MW multi-stage air compressor. Control strategies are applied to prevent operation of the hybrid SOFC-GT beyond the stall/surge lines of the compressor. Computational fluid dynamics tools are used to simulate the flow distribution and instabilities near the stall/surge line. The results show that a 1.7 MW system compressor like that of a Kawasaki gas turbine is an appropriate choice among the industrial compressors to be used in a 4 MW locomotive SOFC-GT with topping cycle design. The multi-stage radial design of the compressor enhances the ability of the compressor to maintain air flow rate during transient step-load changes. These transient step-load changes are exhibited in many potential applications for SOFC/GT systems. The compressor provides sustained air flow rate during the mild stall/surge event that occurs due to the transient step-load change that is applied, indicating that this type of compressor is well-suited for this hybrid application.
The effects of using Facebook as a discussion forum in an online principles of economics course: Results of a randomized controlled trial

Abstract This paper makes a comparison between using social media or traditional Course Management System (CMS) discussion groups in a fully online Principles of Microeconomics course. Students were randomly assigned to a discussion forum in either Facebook or CMS to discern a difference in the level of engagement and learning outcomes. The popular hypothesis is that students using social media have greater engagement with the class and higher learning outcomes relative to students using a CMS platform. Reasons for the positive effect include the ease of use and student familiarity with social media, which allows them to make more connections and gain a deeper understanding of the course material through discussions with others. Contrary to the widely held view, the results of this study suggest that participation in the treatment Facebook group is associated with declining student engagement and a reduction in the semester course average of 3 to 5 points on a 100-point scale.
Mice with Platelet/Megakaryocyte-Specific Deletion of TGF-β1 Are Partially Protected from Liver Fibrosis in a CCl4-Induced Liver Injury Model

Platelets contain a high concentration of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Platelet TGFβ1 has been shown to contribute to plasma TGFβ1 levels and resultant cardiac fibrosis and systolic dysfunction in a murine pressure overload model. TGFβ1 has also been reported to be involved in the development of liver fibrosis, but the cellular source of TGFβ1 was not known. In this study, we tested whether platelet TGFβ1 contributes to liver fibrosis by comparing three groups of mice: 1) mice with platelet-specific deletion of TGFβ1 (PF4Cre/Tgfb1flox/flox), 2) littermate control Tgfb1flox/flox, and 3) WT C57Bl/6 mice. Mice were injected with CCl4 (1ml/kgBW) with peanut oil (1:100) i.p. 2 times a week for 6 weeks. CCl4-induced liver injury was evaluated by in situ hybridization of two liver-specific genes, albumin and Cyp2e, which are expressed in periportal and pericentral areas of the liver, respectively. Liver fibrosis was quantified by slide stitching picrosirius red stained whole liver sections under polarized light. Total collagen content in liver homogenate was evaluated by hydroxyproline assay. Blood was collected before and after CCl4 injections by retrobulbar puncture method into tubes containing 0.1 vol of 3.8% Na-citrate containing10µM PGE1to minimize platelet activation in vitro. TGFβ1 levels in plasma were measured by ELISA. PF4Cre/Tgfb1flox/flox mice had > 90% lower levels of total TGFβ1 in their platelets and ~50% lower plasma TGFβ1 levels than WT or littermate control mice, (TGFβ1 levels in 109 platelets/ml were 73 ± 10 ng in WT and 4.0 ± 1.0 ng in PF4CreTgfb1flox/flox mice, p We conclude that platelet-derived TGFβ1 contributes at least partially to the development of liver fibrosis and the deterioration of liver function in the CCl4-induced liver injury model. These data have important implications for understanding TGFβ1 biology in various tissue injuries and in assessing the role of TGFβ1 in murine models of human diseases. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Diamagnetic Kepler Problem

The effect of a magnetic field on an atom has been studied for a long time and has played a crucial role in the understanding of atomic physics. The magnetic fields available in the laboratory are small, however; their action in the atom used to be well explained by perturbation theory. The evidence for strong magnetic fields was first found by the astronomers in white dwarfs some twenty years ago, and extremely strong fields are assumed to exist in neutron stars. This discovery led to laboratory experiments that somehow manage to imitate the extraordinary conditions in these exceptional stars.
Insect Ecdysis: A System for the Study of Internal Chemicals That Control Behavior

An understanding of how physiological systems cope with environmental challenges came about through the recognition by Claude Bernard in the last century that living organisms have two environments: the outer physical environment and an internal environment comprised of the fluids that bathe the cells of an organism. In considering behavior, one must similarly be cognizant of the fact that the nervous system is confronted with the same two environments and that both have an impact on the behavior that the animal eventually shows. As indicated by the preceding papers in this section, it is clear that chemicals constitute an important set of cues to inform an animal about the state of its external environment. Information about the internal environment is likewise conveyed to the central nervous system (CNS) in the form of chemical signals.
The Psychology of Theft and Loss: Stolen and Fleeced

Why do we steal? This question has confounded everyone from parents to judges, teachers to psychologists, economists to more than a few moral thinkers. Stealing can be a result of deprivation, of envy, or of a desire for power and influence. An act of theft can also bring forth someone’s hidden traits – paradoxically proving beneficial to their personal development. Robert Tyminski explores the many dimensions of stealing, and in particular how they relate to a subtle balance of loss versus gain that operates in all of us. Our natural aversion to loss can lead to extreme actions as a means to acquire what we may not be able to obtain through time, work or money. Tyminski uses the myth of Jason, Medea and the Golden Fleece to explore the dilemmas involved in such situations and demonstrate the timelessness of theft as fundamentally human. The Psychology of Theft and Loss incorporates Jungian and psychoanalytic theories as well as more recent cognitive research findings to deepen our appreciation for the complexity of human motivations when it comes to stealing, culminating in consideration of the idea of a perpetually present ‘inner thief’. Combining case studies, Jungian theory and analysis of many different types of stealing including robbery, kidnapping, plagiarism and technotheft, The Psychology of Theft and Loss is a fascinating study which will appeal to psychoanalysts, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, family therapists and students.
Type I myosins anchor actin assembly to the plasma membrane during clathrin-mediated endocytosis

The actin cytoskeleton generates forces on membranes for a wide range of cellular and subcellular morphogenic events, from cell migration to cytokinesis and membrane trafficking. For each of these processes, filamentous actin (F-actin) interacts with membranes and exerts force through its assembly, its associated myosin motors, or both. These two modes of force generation are well studied in isolation, but how they are coordinated in cells is mysterious. During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, F-actin assembly initiated by the Arp2/3 complex and several proteins that compose the WASP/myosin complex generates the force necessary to deform the plasma membrane into a pit. Here we present evidence that type I myosin is the key membrane anchor for endocytic actin assembly factors in budding yeast. By mooring actin assembly factors to the plasma membrane, this myosin organizes endocytic actin networks and couples actin-generated forces to the plasma membrane to drive invagination and scission. Through this unexpected mechanism, myosin facilitates force generation independent of its motor activity.
Towards a test and validation framework for closed-loop physiology management systems for critical and perioperative care

Many of medical devices come equipped with a communication interface. Over the years, there has been interest in leveraging these interfaces to add computers to the loop to aid in decision making and automatic application of interventions. Such systems, which we call Closed-Loop Assistants (CLAs), are intended to help clinicians manage the cognitive load that can arise as the complexity of patient management increases. We present an open-source framework for examining CLA-patient interactions through software simulations of the CLA with in-silico patients to enable early testing and validation of proposed physiology management strategies. We show how this framework can be used to test different strategies across a small patient population. Considering a patient population is important because inter-patient variability is one of the critical factors that can hamper the ability of a medical cyber-physical system like the CLA to meet its goals. The ability to explore this variability early in the design process therefore helps us in increasing robustness of the system.
Vision-Based Trainable Robotic Arm for Individuals with Motor Disability

This paper presents a trainable robotic arm with vision-based guidance capability. The arm can be trained to perform object manipulation tasks such as picking up an object from a location. The vision-based guidance, that utilizes a low-cost integrated webcam, augments the trainable arm's capability to pick up objects; it assists in situations in which the object to be manipulated is displaced from the location the arm was originally trained to pick up. The experimental results from 10 trails demonstrate the vision-based trainable arm's potential to be utilized as a robotic assistant for individuals with physical functioning difficulties.
Warmer mid-day temperatures increase leaf intake by increasing forager speed and success in Atta colombica during the rainy season

Predicting the effects of climatic warming on social insects remains an important challenge. While warming is known to speed many rate processes, the acute effects of temperature on performance under field conditions remain poorly studied. The effects of temperature are usually nonlinear, and tropical animals have been predicted to be particularly likely to be negatively affected by global warming as they may have optimal temperatures that are close to current ambient temperatures. We observed three different A. colombica colonies three times per day (two times during daylight hours and one time at night) during June 2018 in Gamboa, Panama, measuring air temperature, ant traffic, intake of leaves per second, and ant walking speeds. We found that ant walking speed and intake of leaves increased at higher temperatures. Leaves carried per ant also increased with temperature, suggesting that warmer temperatures improve leaf-handling rates, at least over the thermal range studied here. However, there was also an independent effect of time of day, with higher foraging in the morning than the evening, despite similar air temperatures. Consistent with the positive effect of temperature on foraging rates, critical thermal maxima were well above ground temperatures. At least during the rainy season, our data suggest that moderate warming could enhance foraging success and herbivory of leafcutting ants in semi-deciduous moist forests throughout much of the day.
Emotion Display Rules, Emotion Regulation, and Teacher Burnout

Cognitive appraisal theories of emotions suggest that emotions are elicited by evaluations of events and situations and that our beliefs influence the ways we appraise or judge situations that we encounter. Gross and John (2003) theorized cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as two general forms to regulate emotions. Although teacher emotion has been studied more extensively in the recent decade, Chang (2009b) has argued that there is a need for research into the ways that teachers’ implicit beliefs and cognitive processes influence their emotional reactions to the sources of burnout. Particularly, how emotional display rules serve as underlying principles that guide teachers to make decisions either consciously or unconsciously to express or not to express emotions. This study aims to examine the relationships among teachers’ beliefs about emotional display rules in the classroom, and the approaches in emotion regulation, and the subsequent feelings of burnout. Survey data was collected from 561 full-time teachers and subjected to hypothesis testing using structural equation modeling. The model provides evidence supporting a pathway between emotion display rules and expressive suppression. These display rules are particularly influential to expressive suppression which also leads to all three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Further, uses of cognitive reappraisals are found negatively associated with teacher burnout in all three dimensions. Results of the study indicated that teacher education or profession development should be designed to help teachers to detect and reframe their beliefs about display rules and to engage in cognitive reappraisal so that they may effectively manage their day-to-day emotions in the classroom.
Cloud-based Encrypted EHR System with Semantically Rich Access Control and Searchable Encryption

Cloud-based electronic health records (EHR) systems provide important security controls by encrypting patient data. However, these records cannot be queried without decrypting the entire record. This incurs a huge amount of burden in network bandwidth and the client-side computation. As the volume of cloud-based EHRs reaches Big Data levels, it is essential to search over these encrypted patient records without decrypting them to ensure that the medical caregivers can efficiently access the EHRs. This is especially critical if the caregivers have access to only certain sections of the patient EHR and should not decrypt the whole record. In this paper, we present our novel approach that facilitates searchable encryption of large EHR systems using Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) and multi-keyword search techniques. Our framework outsources key search features to the cloud side. This way, our system can perform keyword searches on encrypted data with significantly reduced costs of network bandwidth and client-side computation.
The geographies of the internet

L'A. s'interesse aux geographies multiples et heterogenes de l'internet, engendrees par l'interaction de la technologie avec les lieux ou elle est utilisee et les gens qui l'utilisent, en insistant sur la complexite des transformations spatiales qui en resultent. Apres un bref rappel de la recherche des geographes concernant les communications, l'article expose la facon dont l'internet a ete analyse comme extension de l'habitation humaine sur la terre, etendant la question de la geographie aux espaces electroniques. Les geographies de l'internet sont tout a la fois technologiques, humaines (culturelle, politiques et economiques), et visualisables avec les representations graphiques de l'internet.
Neglecting polydispersity degrades propensity measurements in supercooled liquids

We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of a bidisperse Kob–Andersen (KA) glass former, modified to add in additional polydispersity. The original KA system is known to exhibit dynamical heterogeneity. Prior work defined propensity, the mean motion of a particle averaged over simulations reconstructing the initial positions of all particles but with randomized velocities. The existence of propensity shows that structure and dynamics are connected. In this paper, we study systems which mimic problems that would be encountered in measuring propensity in a colloidal glass former, where particles are polydisperse (they have slight size variations). We mimic polydispersity by altering the bidisperse KA system into a quartet consisting of particles both slightly larger and slightly smaller than the parent particles in the original bidisperse system. We then introduce errors into the reconstruction of the initial positions that mimic mistakes one might make in a colloidal experiment. The mistakes degrade the propensity measurement, in some cases nearly completely; one no longer has an iso-configurational ensemble in any useful sense. Our results show that a polydisperse sample is suitable for propensity measurements provided one avoids reconstruction mistakes.
Evaluation of a self-fitting, shape memory polymer scaffold in a rabbit calvarial defect model.

Abstract Self-fitting scaffolds prepared from biodegradable poly(e-caprolactone)-diacrylate (PCL-DA) have been developed for the treatment of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone defects. As a thermoresponsive shape memory polymer (SMP), with the mere exposure to warm saline, these porous scaffolds achieve a conformal fit in defects. This behavior was expected to be advantageous to osseointegration and thus bone healing. Herein, for an initial assessment of their regenerative potential, a pilot in vivo study was performed using a rabbit calvarial defect model. Exogenous growth factors and cells were excluded from the scaffolds. Key scaffold material properties were confirmed to be maintained following gamma sterilization. To assess scaffold integration and neotissue infiltration along the defect perimeter, non-critically sized (d = 8 mm) bilateral calvarial defects were created in 12 New Zealand white rabbits. Bone formation was assessed at 4 and 16 weeks using histological analysis and micro-CT, comparing defects treated with an SMP scaffold (d = 9 mm x t = 1 or 2 mm) to untreated defects (i.e. defects able to heal without intervention). To further assess osseointegration, push-out tests were performed at 16 weeks and compared to defects treated with poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) discs (d = 8.5 mm x t = 2 mm). The results of this study confirmed that the SMP scaffolds were biocompatible and highly conducive to bone formation and ingrowth at the perimeter. Ultimately, this resulted in similar bone volume and surface area versus untreated defects and superior performance in push-out testing versus defects treated with PEEK discs. Statement of significance Current treatments of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone defects include biologic and synthetic grafts but they are limited in their ability to form good contact with adjacent tissue. A regenerative engineering approach using a biologic-free scaffold able to achieve conformal fitting represents a potential “off-the-shelf” surgical product to heal CMF bone defects. Having not yet been evaluated in vivo, this study provided the preliminary assessment of the bone healing potential of self-fitting PCL scaffolds using a rabbit calvarial defect model. The study was designed to assess scaffold biocompatibility as well as bone formation and ingrowth using histology, micro-CT, and biomechanical push-out tests. The favorable results provide a basis to pursue establishing self-fitting scaffolds as a treatment option for CMF defects.
Representations and duality of compact groups

In this chapter, we attempt to do for compact [non-Abelian] groups what we did in Chapter Six for locally compact Abelian groups. The task is a formidable one, and as the reader will see we do not give nearly so much detail about compact groups as we did for locally compact Abelian groups. A basic tool in our study is the Weyl-Peter theorem (27.40), which is the central object of § 27- In § 28, we apply representations of compact groups in several directions and also explore some interesting byways. In § 29, we study the unitary groups and present all the unitary representations of U (2) and D (3). Duality for compact groups is taken up in § 30.
Effects of tamoxifen on ischemia-induced angiogenesis in the mouse lung.

Obstruction of pulmonary blood flow in the mouse lung causes a prompt angiogenic response, with new systemic vessels from intercostal arteries penetrating the pleura within 5–6 days [Mitzner et al. Am J Pathol 2000; 157(1): 93–101]. Tamoxifen, a triphenylethylene antiestrogen, has been shown to be effective in limiting tumor growth, possibly because of inhibition of angiogenesis. We investigated the effects of tamoxifen on blood vessel development after left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL). Timed-release pellets of either tamoxifen (free base/15 mg over 21 days) or placebo carrier were implanted subcutaneously in male C57BL/6J mice 6–8 weeks of age. Two days after pellet implantation, the left pulmonary artery was permanently obstructed by suture ligation. New systemic vessel growth was assessed after left ventricular injection of fluorescence labeled microspheres. Tamoxifen slowed the formation of functional blood vessels sevendays after LPAL. By 14 days, however, no difference was observed between tamoxifen and placebo treated mice with systemic perfusion to the left lung reaching a maximum of 3.8% and 4.7% of cardiac output respectively. No change in VEGF mRNA expression was observed until 14 days after LPAL when a small increase (2-fold) was observed in both placebo and tamoxifen treated lungs. However, VEGF protein was elevated in both tamoxifen and placebo lungs 24 h after LPAL (∼4-fold). These changes in VEGF protein may be due to the presence of trapped inflammatory cells observed in lung sections at this early time point. Although tamoxifen appeared to slow the progression of blood vessel formation, it did not affect VEGF mRNA, therefore likely acting through an estrogen receptor-independent mechanism.
Turbulence Modeling in Noninertial Frames of Reference

The effect of an arbitrary change of frame on the structure of turbulence models is examined from a theoretical standpoint. It is proven, as a rigorous consequence of the Navier-Stokes equations, that turbulence models must be form invariant under arbitrary translational accelerations of the reference frame and should only be affected by rotations through the intrinsic mean vorticity. A direct application of this invariance property along with the Taylor-Proudman theorem, material frame-indifference in the limit of two-dimensional turbulence, and Rapid Distortion Theory is shown to yield powerful constraints on the allowable form of turbulence models. Most of the commonly used turbulence models are demonstrated to be in violation of these constraints and consequently are inconsistent with the Navier-Stokes equations in noninertial frames. Alternative models with improved noninertial properties are developed and some simple applications to rotating turbulent flows are considered.
Horizontal gene transfer in choanoflagellates.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), also known as lateral gene transfer, results in the rapid acquisition of genes from another organism. HGT has long been known to be a driving force in speciation in prokaryotes, and there is evidence for HGT from symbiotic and infectious bacteria to metazoans, as well as from protists to bacteria. Recently, it has become clear that as many as a 1,000 genes in the genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis may have been acquired by HGT. Interestingly, these genes reportedly come from algae, bacteria, and other choanoflagellate prey. Some of these genes appear to have allowed an ancestral choanoflagellate to exploit nutrient-poor environments and were not passed on to metazoan descendents. However, some of these genes are also found in animal genomes, suggesting that HGT into a common ancestor of choanozoans and animals may have contributed to metazoan evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:1–9, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An investigation of satisfaction when using a voice synchronous GDSS in dispersed meetings

Abstract This paper reports on a laboratory experiment which assesses the effect of a group decision support system (GDSS) on synchronous face-to-face and dispersed meetings with subjects linked via a voice connection. Location and GDSS-use form the basis for a 2×2 research design of 134 groups. Members solved a preference allocation task and reported their satisfaction with the meeting process and its outcome. Both GDSS and location effects were significant for discussion quality, with face-to-face non-GDSS group members reporting the highest level of satisfaction. The GDSS effect alone was significant for discussion effectiveness and outcome, with non-GDSS groups reporting the highest satisfaction. The solution satisfaction measure had a significant interaction between effects. Members of the dispersed GDSS groups appreciated the concept of this setting but not its implementation. Dispersed subjects without GDSS technology were more satisfied with both the process and the outcome of their meeting. When a GDSS was available, face-to-face subjects reported higher satisfaction with the meeting outcome than dispersed subjects.
Afterword: On Mapping and Maps

Maps can lie, wield power and even start wars. But mapping, which describes the process of selecting and plotting information spatially, suggests a way of looking beyond the finished artefact, thereby eluding the charges leveled against the map. In recent discourse, mapping emerges from the ashes of the imperial map in a blaze of hopeful rhetoric: it is participatory, generative, revealing, enabling, performative. This paper will examine the historical and political baggage of the map and the potentials of mapping as an emerging concept. Building on the expansive discourse on maps and mapping in cartography, geography and history, I will focus this discussion on mapping as it has been interpreted in contemporary design, art, planning and education, drawing from some of my own experiences using mapping as a pedagogical tool in design education.
Reversal of structural and functional effects of long-term visual deprivation in cats

Abstract Neonatal cats had their eyelids sutured monocularly or binocularly, after which, recovery due to forced usage of a deprived eye was assessed. Behaviorally, all cats initially appeared blind but slowly improved until all tested animals mastered a striated pattern discrimination task. Receptive fields of lateral geniculate (LGN) and striate cortex cells were essentially normal except for cortical ocular dominance patterns. These patterns were different from either normal adults or deprived cats which did not undergo forced usage. Cross-sectional areas of LGN neurons may not be influenced by binocular deprivation. Monocular deprivation causes a 35% difference in LGN soma size which is eliminated by forced usage.
Ultraviolet converter transients induced by electrons.

The output of ultraviolet converters typically used in satellite astronomy was monitored during irradiation with electrons from a sealed 90Sr source which approximated the peak flux in earth’s outer electron belt. The signal induced by irradiation was attributed to two mechanisms: (1) photoelectrons resulting from photons created in the MgF2 window and (2) the direct impact of electrons on the phosphor. For irradiation the at ~1 × 107 e/cm2 sec, these two effects produced signals which were, in order of magnitude, the same as those produced by an incident UV flux (254 nm) of 108 and 107 photons/cm2 sec, respectively. In addition, the induced signal was investigated as a function of electron energy by irradiating another converter with 0.4–1.8-MeV electrons from a Van de Graaff. These results suggest that the dominant contribution to the electron-induced signal is Cerenkov photon production in the MgF2 window.
The new economic geography of land use change: Supply chain configurations and land use in the Brazilian Amazon

In this paper we present a framework for understanding regional land use processes by incorporating the concept of agglomeration economies into agricultural frontier theory. We show that agricultural firms can obtain positive externalities from locating in close proximity to other agricultural firms, leading to agglomeration economies. Agglomeration economies lead to high levels of competition and diversity within a local agricultural supply chain and influence local prices, information flows, and private enforcement of environmental institutions. We use the theory of agglomeration economies to understand the development of soybean production in two counties along the Santarem-Cuiaba (BR-163) highway in the Brazilian Amazon: Santarem, Para and Sorriso, Mato Grosso. We conclude that differences in environmental and land tenure institutions influenced the occurrence of agglomeration economies in these two counties, which in turn affected the total factor productivity of soy in each region. In particular, the supply chain became extremely competitive and diverse in Sorriso where few environmental regulations existed, while environmental restrictions reduced the diversification of the supply chain in Santarem. The presence of a soy agglomeration economy in Sorriso spurred innovation, increased productivity, and led to extremely rapid soy expansion in that county, while the monopolistic supply chain in Santarem reduced producers’ access to land and capital and impeded soy expansion.