cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1817 Discovered Dead During Sleep in Causal Pathway of Mortality Among Children with Cerebral Palsy: Case Series and Systematic Review

Background and Aims To report thirteen cases of children with cerebral palsies (CP) discovered dead during sleep (DDDS) and to synthesize the research literature on CP survival. Method We utilized case series to describe the common features among patients DDDS between 1993 and 2011. Using our medical records, we extracted data on demographics, treatment, and co-morbidities. In addition using the appropriate search terms, we searched the Medline and other electronic data bases for articles published between 1966 and 2011. Further, we synthesized the literature and provided evidence on clinical conditions that could be associated with CP mortality in relation to DDDS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) management. Results Between 1993 and 2011 there were 177 reported deaths, of which 13 occurred as a result of being DDDS at home. All the deceased patients had Gastrointestinal feeding tube, seizure, respiratory disorders, and were non-ambulatory. A greater proportion had scoliosis and hip dislocation surgeries. DDDS in our sample may be associated with these conditions; and OSAS/SRBD as evidenced in literature. Conclusion Pulmonary problems and disorders were the most common co-morbidity, due probably to oxygen desaturation (
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ENCAPSULATED BREAKER IN FRACTURING FLUIDS

An encapsulated breaker is composed of particles that are coated with a waterproof coating, which can reduce releasing rate of the breaker. The encapsulated breaker can be used in fracturing treatment at higher concentrations and has littleinfluence on viscosities of fracturing fluid. Laboratory study on performance of the encapsulated breaker has been conducted by comparing with other products from abroad and home, which has indicated a method and results of rheological properties of the fracturing fluid.
Association between PFGE molecular typing and drug resistance of Salmonella typhimuriumin Fujian

To study the association between PFGE molecular typing and drug resistance of Salmonella typhimurium in Fujian,we carried out PFGE experiment and susceptibility test within 66 strains of S.typhimuriumn,and conducted association analysis.The 66 S.typhimurium were divided into 32 PFGE types.A 40.9%(27/66) of them were P1,and 10.6%(7/66)were P8,there were 51.52%(34/66)strains classified into P1 and P8,which were the prevalent types.In the drug resistance test,antibiotics were divided into 4 groups with cluster analysis,in which,cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin(quinolone) were hypersensitive,and the sensitive rates were 94.42%(61/66)and 62.12%(41/66) respectively;P1 was the prevalent type in multidrug resistant strains(more than 6 resistant),amounting for 56.82% of the total.The distribution of P1 had statistical significance between the group "more than 6 strains resistance" and the group "less than 6 strains resistance",while the distribution of P8 had no statistical significance between these two groups.Therefore,P1 and P8 were the prevalent gene types,and there was relationship between P1 and multidrug resistant strains(more than 6 strains resistance).At present,cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin(quinolone) are still the main antibiotics to treat Salmonella typhimurium in Fujian.
Technique for the in situ study of placental transport in the pregnant guinea pig.

Abstract A technique for the in situ study of placental transport in the pregnant guinea pig has been developed. The procedure involves removal of the fetus from the uterus into a saline-filled bath with the placenta remaining in its normal position. Perfusion solutions are circulated from the fetal side of the placenta through an umbilical artery and collected from the umbilical vein. Test substances are added to the perfusion solution or injected into the mother and collected from the fetal side of the placenta. Although the technique is relatively simple, many technical problems are involved. These have been discussed and their solutions described.
The effect of adding fentanyl to ropivacaine 0.125% on patient-controlled epidural analgesia during labour

The use of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for labour analgesia is rapidly gaining acceptance. However, the ideal PCEA solution and PCEA program remains uncertain. We studied the effect of adding fentanyl 2 micrograms/ml on demand-only PCEA using ropivacaine 0.125% for labour analgesia. With the approval of the Hospital Ethics Committee, this prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 nulliparous ASA 1/2 parturients in early, but established, labour. Upon written consent, epidural analgesia was started with 10 ml ropivacaine 0.2%. The parturients subsequently were randomized to receive either ropivacaine 0.125% (n = 18) or ropivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2 micrograms/ml (n = 18). The PCEA was programmed to a demand-only mode with bolus of 5 ml, lockout time of 10 minutes and maximum volume per hour of 20 ml. The degree of pain relief was similar in both groups. However, the total amount of ropivacaine used per hour was lower in the group that received fentanyl (median 7.1 vs 10.1 mg, P < 0.05). This was not associated with a decrease in motor blockade or a decrease in instrumental deliveries. The ratio of successful PCEA demand to total number of demands, the satisfaction score and the maternal-fetal outcome were similar in both groups. In conclusion, the addition of fentanyl had a dose-sparing effect on the requirement of ropivacaine. This PCEA regimen produced a low incidence of motor block, good labour pain relief and excellent patient satisfaction.
Static Equivalence Analysis

In this chapter we present several static algorithms for the synchronous equivalence analysis of CFSM networks. Only simple comparison on implementation parameters or simple search on the system graph is needed for these algorithms. Consequently, they have extremely low bounds on maximum computation time, at the cost that many inconclusive results are possible due to the false negatives. We will show through examples that they are still very useful for embedded system design based on CFSM networks.
Immunotherapy in kidney cancer: the past, present, and future.

Purpose of review: Kidney cancer, in particular clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has long been considered to be sensitive to immunotherapies. With the recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy for solid tumors and the recent approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor for ccRCC, we are reviewing the history of immunotherapy in kidney cancer, describing its current state and look into the future of a rapidly evolving landscape in immunotherapy for kidney cancer. Recent findings: Systemic treatment options over the past decade have been dominated by targeted therapies inhibiting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. With the approval of the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab, a new era of potential combination therapies is about to shape the treatment landscape for kidney cancer. These include other immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-CTLA4), modifiers of the tumor microenvironment (VEGF pathway, T cell agonists (anti-41BB and Ox40 antibodies), and novel vaccination strategies). Summary: With the development of more effective combination immunotherapies, we will witness significant changes in the treatment landscape for kidney cancer over the next few years. Combination immunotherapies are expected to become the first line treatment option in kidney cancer.
II-19 Elevated plasma cell-free mitochondrial DNA defines a subgroup of lupus patients with membranous lupus nephritis

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with protean manifestations, characterised by production of antibodies against nucleic acids and upregulation of type I interferon-inducible genes in a majority of SLE patients. The principal drivers of this interferon signature are still not well understood. Recent work has shown that oxidised mitochondrial DNA released by neutrophils can stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce interferon-α. 1 We hypothesised that cell-free mitochondrial DNA might contribute to type I interferon production in SLE, and we sought to examine whether cell-free mtDNA levels were increased in SLE patients relative to controls, or during disease flares. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis was performed using banked plasma samples from 164 patients in our SLE cohort along with 57 banked plasma samples from healthy donors. DNA was isolated from the plasma samples and real-time quantitative PCR was performed, amplifying a target sequence in the mitochondrially-encoded gene NADH dehydrogenase I, as previously published. 2 In-depth clinical phenotyping of SLE patients in the cohort was performed and used to define subgroups of SLE patients, as well as the specific disease manifestations present during flares. Results No significant difference was seen in cell-free mtDNA in plasma from SLE patients versus healthy donors (HD – 3060.3 copies/uL, N = 57, SLE - 3845.5 copies/uL, N = 164, p = 0.22). However, cell-free mtDNA levels were elevated in a subset of SLE patients with a history of membranous lupus nephritis, including those with a component of proliferative nephritis (WHO class V/III+V/IV+V), relative to patients with proliferative nephritis alone (WHO class III or class IV) (5313.9 copies/uL, N = 34 vs. 2062.5 copies/uL, N = 17, p = 0.02). A subset of 70 patients had multiple samples collected at visits before, during, and after flares of disease activity. Cell-free mtDNA levels rose at the peak of disease activity as assessed by SLEDAI score in 11/16 flares of class V/III+V/IV+V nephritis (p = 0.04), while it only did so in 4/11 of the remaining nephritis flares. In contrast, cell-free mtDNA rose at the peak of disease activity in only 4/20 flares where alopecia was present (p = 0.02). Conclusions Cell-free mtDNA levels are elevated in a subset of SLE patients with a history of membranous nephritis, and were more likely to rise during flares of membranous nephritis versus other types of disease flares. Acknowledgements Supported by a Lupus and Antiphospholipid Centre of Excellence Research Fund Award References Lood C, et al . Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidised mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease. Nat Med advance on, 2016 Nakahira K, et al . Circulating mitochondrial DNA in patients in the ICU as a marker of mortality: derivation and validation. PLoS Med 2013;10:e1001577; discussion e1001577
Concomitant Use of the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and a Permanent Pacemaker.

Background The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) is a novel implanted defibrillator for the prevention of sudden cardiac death that avoids intravascular access. Use of this device is limited by its inability to provide backup pacing. Combined use of the S-ICD with a permanent pacemaker may be the optimal choice in certain situations though experience with the use of both devices together remains limited. Methods We reviewed our single-center experience with the S-ICD from March 2011 to November 2015. Four patients with concomitant use of the S-ICD and a permanent pacemaker were identified. Clinical indication for device therapy, operative details, and subsequent follow-up was reviewed. During implantation, S-ICD sensing of paced morphologies was evaluated at maximal voltage output. After S-ICD implant, if feasible, the upper rate was adjusted to ≤50% of the S-ICD tachycardia zone to minimize risk of inappropriate shocks. Results After a mean follow-up of over 1 year, no adverse events occurred, including no inappropriate shock, lead malfunction, or device infection. One patient had a total of eight appropriate shocks, while another individual had no inappropriate shocks despite having a unipolar pacing lead. Conclusions In unique situations, combined use of the S-ICD and a permanent pacemaker may be preferable to alternative options. In our experience, this approach was successful in varying conditions including complex congenital heart disease, recurrent device infection, and limited vascular access.
The Core Competition of Global Giant Electronics Companies

In previous sections we conducted comparative analyses for global electronics companies divided into six clusters that span the entire electronics technology chain. Analyses of company-level data have indicated that Japan has become a dominant player in the global electronics industry, its success can be attributed to its giant electronics companies. The United States’s position in the global market, however, has declined substantially. This decline can be directly attributed to the losses of market share by U.S. giant electronics companies. On the other hand, U.S. mid-sized companies in all the clusters exhibited excellent performances.
Abstract B18: Noninvasive imaging of antitumor immune responses

By using the body9s own immune response, immunotherapy may prove to be a turning point in the treatment of cancer. Predictors of a patient9s response to immunotherapy remain to be defined, as actual responses are heterogeneous and difficult to study in real-time. Is it possible to predict the outcome of therapy for an individual patient? What is the behavior and what are the dynamics of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment? We need new methods to noninvasively explore the microenvironment of tumors and enumerate relevant cell types. Imaging the extent of infiltration of immune cells into tumors and identifying the relevant lymphocyte subsets is therefore essential. We developed single domain antibodies (VHHs, ~15 kDa) against a variety of lymphocyte surface antigens to image antitumor immune responses. VHHs were engineered to contain a sortase recognition tag, X-LPETGG, at their C-terminus to enable site-specific modification with tags of choice. We synthesized a substrate that contains both a click handle and a metal chelator, where the click handle can be used to attach a polymer, and the chelator is used to chelate a radiometal onto the VHH of interest. We thus produced VHHs equipped with a polyethyleneglycol (PEG) molecule to increase circulatory half-life and a chelator. C57/BL6 mice were injected with 89Zr-PEGylated VHHs, and images were acquired 24 h post injection. Images of the PEGylated-VHHs showed specific staining with low background in kidney and intestine. When we used 89Zr-labeled PEGylated-VHHs specific for CD8 or Class II MHC, secondary lymphoid structures, including the mesenteric lymph node, were clearly visible. Knock-out mice were used to establish specificity of PET imaging. Mice bearing panc02 tumors were imaged at 24 h p.i. and showed CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor. We monitored the CD8-T cell response to immunotherapy in the B16 melanoma model by using the antiCD8 VHH. For animals that showed a response that led to regression of the tumor, the distribution of the signal was homogeneous throughout the tumor. It is thus possible to monitor antitumor immune responses. Noninvasive monitoring could therefore change how therapy is applied. Citation Format: Mohammad Rashidian, Michael Dougan, Jessica Ingram, Hidde Ploegh. Noninvasive imaging of antitumor immune responses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B18.
Expression of the p38 MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathway and over-expression of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL predict poor response in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: Potential biomarkers and targets for therapeutics.

2825 Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas (NHL), and accounts for 30% to 40% of all lymphoma cases. However, long-term survival by current chemotherapy is achieved in only 40% of patients, warranting the development of novel therapeutic strategies including new targets. We have reported in NHL cell lines that the p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were activated and correlated with over-expression of the anti-apoptotic gene products Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. This over expression of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL and hyper-activation of NF-kB are responsible for chemo-immunoresistance and their down regulation by rituximab was responsible for sensitization to apoptosis by various chemotherapeutic drugs. (See reviews: Bonavida and Vega, Drug Resist Update 8:27, 2005; Jazirehi and Bonavida, Oncogene. 24:448, 2005). Based on these in vitro findings, we hypothesized that NF-κB activation may be also observed in tissues derived from patients with several grades of DLBCL. This hypothesis was tested using Tissue Micro Arrays (TMA). This retrospective study examined the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and NF-kB using formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections from tissues derived from patients with DLBCL, obtained from the Pathology Department of the National Cancer Institute SSA, Mexico between the years 2000-2005. The tissue samples were derived from 80 DLBCL in several stages. Staining by immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and p50-p65. The immunostaining was scored for intensity expression, recorded and the data were analyzed statistically. The findings revealed that 28% expressed Bcl-2 and 31% expressed Bcl-XL. Only 10% were negative for both. 30% expressed phospho-p38MAPK and 82% p38 MAPK. However, 30% expressed p50 and p65, suggesting a good correlation between the activation of p38MAPK, expression of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL and NF-kB activity. Also, the expression of phospho-p38 MAPK and Bcl-2 correlated with poor response of the patients. Ninety per cent of the samples that expressed p65 had a positive correlation with p38MAPK expression. These findings suggest that over-expression of Bcl-2; Bcl-XL, p38 MAPK activity and NF-kB may be involved in the pathogenesis of NHL and are potential biomarkers for tumor unresponsiveness to cytotoxic therapies. Furthermore, inhibitors of p38MAPK or NF-kB expression/activity may be targets for therapeutic intervention in DLBCL when combined with chemo-immunotherapy. This work was supported in part by a UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Fellowship (M.V.), a Fogarty Training Grant (M.V. & S.H.), by IMSS, Mexico (M.V. M-P.M., M-M.B., & S.H.), and CONACyT.
Revenue Management Outsourcing: A Hybrid Model of Transaction Cost Economics and Organizational Capability:

Hotel revenue management is an activity domain that is uniquely technical, complex, and dynamic, and as such, it is often outsourced. This study explores the motivation of hotels to outsource their...
Ten-Year Incidence of High-Energy Geriatric Trauma at a Level 1 Trauma Center.

OBJECTIVES To examine the characteristics of high-energy geriatric trauma over time. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Level 1 trauma center. PATIENTS Demographic, injury, and clinical characteristics were compared between 34,017 patients with geriatric and nongeriatric high-energy trauma from 2005 to 2014 using t test, χ analysis, and negative binomial regression for annual trend in injuries. RESULTS Geriatric high-energy trauma composed 11.2% of all trauma activations. Patients with geriatric high-energy trauma nearly doubled from the study period of 2005-2014 to previous 10 years (P = 0.0004). Compared with patients with nongeriatric trauma, geriatric high-energy traumas were twice as likely to be due to a fall from height (P < 0.0001), had higher Injury Severity Scores (P < 0.0001), fewer abdominal injuries (P = 0.0011), and have head trauma (P < 0.0001). Fracture patterns were similar between groups. Mortality was higher for all geriatric patients (odds ratio [OR], 4.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.00-5.67), and high-energy mechanisms (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 3.90-5.68) compared with low-energy mechanisms (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 2.48-3.62). CONCLUSION The number of geriatric high-energy traumas has doubled over 10 years. Patients with geriatric trauma are sicker on presentation, based on the Injury Severity Score, and high-energy geriatrics have a 4-fold increase in mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Machine Learning Algorithm Predicts Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Outcomes: Lessons From the COMPANION Trial.

BackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular function and intraventricular conduction delay. However, in...
Investigation of the dynamics of benzene in silicalite using Transition-State Theory

Summary Transition-state theory has been applied to predict the self-diffusivity of benzene in silicalite. Starting with an atomistic model of the system, adsorption sites were identified and rate constants were calculated for transitions between the sites. The rate constants were used in a dynamic Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the self-diffusivity. Details of the molecular motion were investigated.
EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT Characterization of particulate and gaseous emissions from electric power plants are presented. The formation of sulfate aerosols and the production of acid precipitation in the atmosphere related to the emissions generated by the burning of fossil fuels are discussed. Observation and identification of micro-crystals of sulfate from a laboratory experiment on chemical reaction of water drop, flyash and gaseous SO2 suggest a heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 in the presence of necessary active catalyst on the surface of flyash. Results of investigation of deteriorated marble structures and damaged tree leaves indicate that the surface damage is primarily due to a constant direct chemical attack by sulfuric acid, which is produced continuously on the surface by heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 in the presence of water vapor and active catalyst associated with industrial emissions.
Mortality in autoimmune rheumatic diseases with anti-Ro/SSA antibody in Korea: Single center-based retrospective study.

AIM The clinical importance of the anti-Ro antibody has not been completely understood. This study investigated identification of the association between mortality and clinical features in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases and detectable anti-Ro antibody titers. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a total of 336 patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases and positive anti-Ro antibody titers from January 2012 to January 2015. Clinical manifestations and other autoantibodies detected during the follow-up period were identified. Cumulative survival rates were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Differences between survival curves for each risk factor were analyzed by log-rank test. The relative risk of mortality was assessed using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). RESULTS There was no difference in the mortality rates of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases with or without detectable anti-Ro antibody (SMR: 1.373, 95% CI: 0.539-2.791). Six patients (4 with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] and two with Sjogren's syndrome [SS]) died during the follow-up period. In the whole study population, the mortality rate of patients with lymphopenia was higher than those without lymphopenia (P = 0.023). In a sub-group of patients with both SLE and SS, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that lymphopenia and interstitial lung disease were associated with increased mortality (P = 0.024 and P = 0.023, respectively). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that presence of the anti-Ro antibody was not associated with increased mortality in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Conversely, we found that lymphopenia was independently associated with mortality in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease.
Pre-deployment insomnia is associated with post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideation in US Army soldiers

Study Objectives Insomnia is prevalent among military personnel and may increase risk of mental disorders and suicidal ideation. This study examined associations of pre-deployment insomnia with post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal ideation among US Army soldiers. Methods Soldiers from three Brigade Combat Teams completed surveys 1-2 months before deploying to Afghanistan in 2012 (T0), on return from deployment (T1), 3 months later (T2), and 9 months later (T3). Logistic regression was performed to estimate associations of pre-deployment (T0) insomnia with post-deployment (T2 or T3) PTSD and suicidal ideation among respondents who completed surveys at all waves (n = 4645). A hierarchy of models incorporated, increasing controls for pre-deployment risk factors and deployment experiences. Results Pre-deployment insomnia was associated with increased risk of post-deployment PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.58% to 3.82%, p < .0005) and suicidal ideation (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 2.07% to 3.74%, p < .0005) in models adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and prior deployment history. Adjustment for other pre-deployment risk factors and deployment experiences attenuated these associations; however, insomnia remained significantly associated with post-deployment PTSD (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.19% to 1.89%, p = .001) and suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.04% to 1.95%, p = .027). Subgroup models showed that pre-deployment insomnia was associated with incident PTSD (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.17% to 2.07%, p = .003) and suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.16% to 2.40%, p = .006) among soldiers with no pre-deployment history of these problems. Conclusions Pre-deployment insomnia contributed to prediction of post-deployment PTSD and suicidal ideation in Army soldiers, suggesting that detection of insomnia could facilitate targeting of risk mitigation programs. Future studies should investigate whether treatment of insomnia helps prevent PTSD and suicidal ideation among deployed service members.
Is there a correct type of play for preschoolers?: Editor: Kirk E. Mathias

The development of fundamental movement skills such as running, jumping and catching is imperative for helping children engage in physical activity throughout their life. These skills are ideally f...
Abstract 078: Nephron-Specific Deletion of Intraflagellar Transport 88 Alters Renal Electrolyte Excretion in the Absence of Cystic Kidney Disease in a Sex-Specific Manner

Defects in primary cilia in the nephron can cause cystic kidney disease, however, the physiological role of nephron primary cilia is largely unknown. To address this, nephron primary cilia were dis...
Membrane and Actin Tethering Transitions Help IQGAP1 Coordinate GTPase and Lipid Messenger Signaling.

Abstract The coordination of lipid messenger signaling with cytoskeletal regulation is central to many organelle-specific regulatory processes. This coupling often depends on the function of multidomain scaffolds that orchestrate transient interactions among multiple signaling intermediates and regulatory proteins on organelles. The number of possible scaffold interaction partners and the ability for these interactions to occur at different timescales makes investigations of scaffold functions challenging. This work employs live cell imaging to probe how the multidomain scaffold IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) coordinates the activities of proteins affecting local actin polymerization, membrane processing, and phosphoinositide signaling. Using endosomes that are confined by a local actin network as a model system, we demonstrate that IQGAP1 can transition between different actin and endosomal membrane tethered states. Fast scaffold binding/disassociation transitions are shown to be driven by interactions between C-terminal scaffold domains and Rho GTPases at the membrane. Fluctuations in these binding modes are linked to negative regulation of actin polymerization. Although this control governs core elements of IQGAP1 dynamics, actin binding by the N-terminal calponin homology domain of the scaffold is shown to help the scaffold track the temporal development of endosome membrane markers, implying actin associations bolster membrane and actin coordination. Importantly, these effects are not easily distilled purely through standard (static) co-localization analyses or traditional pathway perturbations methods and were resolved by performing dynamic correlation and multiple regression analyses of IQGAP1 scaffold mutants. Using these capabilities with pharmacological inhibition, we provide evidence that membrane tethering is dependent on the activities of the lipid kinase phosphoinositide 3-kinase in addition to the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. Overall, these methods and results point to a scaffold tethering mechanism that allows IQGAP1 to help control the amplitude of phosphoinositide lipid messenger signaling by coordinating signaling intermediate activities with the development and disassembly of local actin cytoskeletal networks.
How do attending physicians describe cognitive overload among their workplace learners

OBJECTIVES Cognitive load theory (CLT) focuses on the limited bandwidth of working memory. Core to CLT is the concept of cognitive overload, which occurs when working memory demands exceed working memory capacity, and learning and performance suffer. Within health professions education (HPE), workplace learning settings are very complex, placing learners at high risk of cognitive overload. Although continuous monitoring of physiologic parameters can indicate states of high cognitive load, how to practically identify cognitively overloaded learners within everyday workplace settings is not well understood. We sought to characterise how attending physicians described their perceiving of cognitive overload among learners in two different workplace settings: the gastrointestinal endoscopy suite and the intensive care unit. METHODS We performed a secondary qualitative analysis of transcripts of interviews with workplace teachers that had been carried out during two previous studies. These studies had addressed different objectives but both were informed by CLT. Each included questions that prompted participants to reflect on how they perceived cognitive overload to manifest among learners in the workplace. To investigate the phenomenon of cognitive overload, we developed a new codebook and performed content analysis. RESULTS We analysed 42 interview transcripts (22 endoscopists, 12 hospitalists, eight intensivists). Participants described four behaviours they had witnessed among learners they thought were cognitively overloaded: poor performance on workplace tasks; non-verbal physical manifestations (including posture, eye and body movements and autonomic functions); verbal utterances (words and sounds), and interpersonal interactions with team members. Endoscopists often described individually oriented examples, whereas intensivists and hospitalists tended to frame examples within an interpersonal context. CONCLUSIONS We identified four overarching ways in which HPE workplace teachers perceived learners as appearing to be cognitively overloaded. Workplace teachers and learners should be mindful of and watch for these signs, which may signal states of cognitive overload. Earlier recognition of cognitive overload may facilitate timely action to reduce cognitive overload and promote learning.
Complete Regression of a Solitary Cholangiocarcinoma Brain Metastasis Following Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy.

Background To our knowledge, we report the first case of a cholangiocarcinoma brain metastasis successfully treated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy. Case Description In 2017, a 71-year-old man was diagnosed with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In August 2018, a brain MRI scan was performed after a transient episode of altered mental status and revealed a subcentimeter enhancing lesion in the deep white matter of the right cerebellum. Due to lack of symptoms and the small size of the lesion, it was initially observed. However, a follow-up MRI scan at 2.5 months demonstrated increased lesion size with worsening perilesional edema. Given the rarity of cholangiocarcinoma brain metastases and the deep location, the patient underwent stereotactic needle biopsy to confirm the diagnosis followed by laser ablation as a primary treatment for the metastasis. The patient tolerated the surgery well with no complications, and the postoperative course was uneventful. At 16 months postablation, there has been no recurrence or disease progression. Conclusions Although prognosis for these tumors is poor, our result suggests that laser ablation can be an effective treatment for this rare entity and is a representative example of the expanding indications for laser interstitial thermal therapy.
Role of Assistive Technology

There are a wide and growing variety of products and devices on the market designed for people who are ageing, and many have features to assist users with early stage dementia. A growing subset of these products are digital devices and systems that attempt to assist users with memory problems via reminders, but also to actually perform tasks for them that may be critical to safety and independence. There is significant development happening in technology for ageing persons with IDD, spurned in part by the growth of that demographic.
Mapping Vicarious Proximity: Holistic and Dualistic Metaphors in a Mountain Valley Pipeline Public Hearing

This article applies Justin Mando’s 2016 coding scheme for vicarious proximity to a corpus of citizen comments at a public hearing about the Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP), a 303-mile natural gas p...
Ultrasound-Responsive Nanopeptisomes Enable Synchronous Spatial Imaging and Inhibition of Clot Growth in Deep Vein Thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a life-threatening blood clotting condition that, if undetected, can cause deadly pulmonary embolisms. Critical to its clinical management is the ability to rapidly detect, monitor, and treat thrombosis. However, current diagnostic imaging modalities lack the resolution required to precisely localize vessel occlusions and enable clot monitoring in real time. Here, we rationally design fibrinogen-mimicking fluoropeptide nanoemulsions, or nanopeptisomes (NPeps), that allow contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of thrombi and synchronous inhibition of clot growth. The theranostic duality of NPeps is imparted via their intrinsic binding to integrins overexpressed on platelets activated during coagulation. The platelet-bound nanoemulsions can be vaporized and oscillate in an applied acoustic field to enable contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasound detection of thrombi. Concurrently, nanoemulsions bound to platelets competitively inhibit secondary platelet-fibrinogen binding to disrupt further clot growth. Continued development of this synchronous theranostic platform may open new opportunities for image-guided, non-invasive, interventions for DVT and other vascular diseases.
The Evolution of Environmental Discourse: Evidence from Conference Calls

We examine the evolution of environmental discourse in conference calls and whether and how this discourse affects firm valuation. We measure the amount of environmental discourse as the frequency count of environmentally-related topics in the transcripts of conference calls. We find that environmental discourse increased substantially from 2006 to 2020 and that discourse is incrementally informative – beyond environmental performance metrics and environmental disclosures – for firm valuation. Specifically, we find that greater environmental discourse in conference calls is associated with higher cost of capital and lower share price, which we interpret as suggesting that discussion of environmental topics increases uncertainty. We also find that the amount of discourse in the prepared remarks portion of conference calls dominates that in the Q&A portion as an explanatory factor for firm value. We complement our analysis by examining the value-relevance of general ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) discussion and show that more general ESG discourse is associated with lower cost of capital and higher share price, implying a more favorable valuation impact of general discussions of social and governance issues.
Estimated Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Gay Men in the United States.

Abstract Background Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a clinical syndrome that causes significant distress and impairment for many individuals in the United States. Gay men are thought to have a higher prevalence of CSB, and it is associated with many relevant health outcomes including HIV risk behavior. Aim To estimate the prevalence and examine demographic correlates of CSB among gay men in the United States. Methods A U.S. national probability sample of 227 gay-identified men were collected as part of the 2015 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB). Outcomes Participants completed the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI-13) and demographic measures. Results Eighteen participants (7.93%) scored above the CSBI-13 clinical cut point, indicating they would likely meet criteria for clinically significant compulsive sexual behavior. To assess demographic correlates of CSB, demographic variables were entered into a logistic regression. Results of the logistic regression indicated that participant age, education, and religious affiliation were significant predictors of CSB status. Individuals scoring above the cut point were younger on average (M = 39.17; SD = 14.84) than those scoring below the cut point (M = 47.52; SD = 14.62; P = .02). Odds of scoring above the cut point were about six times greater for religiously affiliated participants compared to non-religiously affiliated participants (P = .005), and four times greater for those who had attended college compared to those who had not (P = .03). Clinical Implications These results indicate the prevalence of CSB in gay men is more modest than previously estimated, and is similar to the general population prevalence estimated in a previous study. The strongest predictor of CSB in this sample was religious affiliation, which underscores the importance of evaluating the role of religiosity in the etiology and/or identification of this clinical syndrome. Strengths and Limitations These findings are strengthened by the national probability sampling methodology and the use of the empirically validated CSBI-13 cut point. However, this sample was also older and had higher income and educational attainment than the larger population of gay men in the U.S. Conclusion These results indicate gay men may have a CSB prevalence rate similar to the general population, which contradicts previous research suggesting they are at greater risk for CSB. Gleason N, Finotelli I, Miner MH, et al. Estimated Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Gay Men in the United States. J Sex Med 2021;18:1545–1554.
Traits and Techniques of GMOs

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the traits and techniques of genetically modified organisms (GMO) such as Bt corn, Bt cotton, and glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans. While all are engineered to deal with pests of a commercial crop, they differ in the nature of the pest and in their functioning. Bt corn and cotton are designed to kill lepidopteran (the butterfly and moth order) corn and cotton pests (European and southwestern corn borers, cotton budworms and bollworms) while leaving most beneficial insects unaffected. Bt corn improves the control of European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis dramatically, and if timed well, synthetic insecticides typically provide control for 60 to 95% of first-generation larvae and 40 to 80% of second-generation larvae. From the perspective of the corn grower, Bt corn varieties have many desirable properties such as ease of use, no exposure to noxious chemicals, and no safety issues for mammals. GR soybeans allow the application of glyphosate (trade name Roundup), a broad-spectrum herbicide, directly to the soybean field, killing other plants while leaving the soybeans unharmed. Glyphosate controls weeds by inhibiting an enzyme (EPSP synthase) necessary for the plant's growth. In 1996, Monsanto introduced the first glyphosate-resistant crop, Roundup Ready soybeans. In 1999, glyphosate-resistant varieties were made available for five commercial crops, namely, soybeans, cotton, corn, sugar beets, and canola with several other glyphosate-resistant crops under development.
Third-Party Budget Breakers and Side Contracting in Team Production

In a team production problem with unverifiable effort, budget breaking is essential to implementing efficient levels of effort. This short paper considers the use of a third party, who does not exert effort, in a setting with general contracts that can include message games, as a way to remove resources from the team. I show that if side contracting can influence behavior in a message game in the original contract, the addition of the third party is not helpful. My view of side contracting complements that of Baliga and Sjostrom (2009) in exploring the nature of side contracting that is needed in order for the third party to be useful for budget breaking.
Comparative Environmental Performance of Two Diesel-Fuel Oxygenates: Dibutyl Maleate (DBM) and Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (TGME)

Many studies have shown that the addition of oxygen bearing compounds to diesel fuel can significantly reduce particulate emissions. To assist in the evaluation of the environmental performance of diesel-fuel oxygenates, we have implemented a suite of diagnostic models for simulating the transport of compounds released to air, water, and soils/groundwater as well as regional landscapes. As a means of studying the comparative performance of DBM and TGME, we conducted a series of simulations for selected environmental media. Benzene and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) were also addressed because they represent benchmark fuel-related compounds that have been the subject of extensive environmental measurements and modeling. The simulations showed that DBM and TGME are less mobile in soil because of reduced vapor-phase transport and increased retention on soil particles. The key distinction between these two oxygenates is that DBM is predicted to have a greater potential than TGME for aerobic biodegradation, based on chemical structure.
Environmental security, regime building and international law in the Nile Basin

There are political and environmental challenges in the Nile Basin. In the past, Egypt's military dominance, civil wars in Sudan and Ethiopia, and negligible use of water by upstream states muted political tensions. But demands for a fairer share of the Nile River have resurfaced, and many countries have openly defied the imposed regime, meaning the 1929 agreement between Egypt and Britain and the 1959 bilateral agreements between Egypt and Sudan. The literature suggests this can lead to both conflict and co-operation. The dominant power-based and interest-based regime theories of international relations differ in their formulation of actors or actors' preferences over outcomes. This article argues that, while the former is the most powerful tool to explain what has happened in the past, the latter theory has a much more nuanced and explanatory power in terms of what will happen in the future in the Nile Basin.
Anna Freud: A Biography

This edition of Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's definitive biography of pioneering child analyst Anna Freud includes--among other new features--a major retrospective introduction by the author. Praise for the Second Edition: "Young-Bruehl's description of one of the most complex but brilliant lights in psychoanalytic history has stood as a beacon to students of psychoanalytic history. It is the best most carefully crafted biography of any psychoanalyst and it illuminates the entire tradition with a clarity that only the exploration of the life of the daughter of the founder of the movement could possibly provide. It is a beautifully written insightful and remarkably edifying piece of work. The best has just got better."-- Peter Fonagy, Freud Memorial Professor of Psychoanalysis, University College London Praise for the First Edition: "A gem of biographical writing..."--Ron Grossman, Chicago Tribune "Lucid, erudite, briskly authoritative, Elisabeth Young-Bruehl ...has given us the insight into character that makes biography an art." --James Atlas Elisabeth Young-Bruehl is a faculty member at the Columbia Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research and a practicing psychoanalyst in Manhattan. She lives in New York and Toronto.
Visual response latencies in striate cortex of the macaque monkey

1. Many lines of evidence suggest that signals relayed by the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) maintain their segregation in cortical processing. We have examined two response properties of units in the striate cortex of macaque monkeys, latency and transience, with the goal of assessing whether they might be used to infer specific geniculate contributions. Recordings were made from 298 isolated units and 1,129 multiunit sites in the striate cortex in four monkeys. Excitotoxin lesions that selectively affected one or the other LGN subdivision were made in three animals to demonstrate directly the magnocellular and parvocellular contributions. An additional 435 single units and 551 multiunit sites were recorded after the ablations. 2. Most units in striate cortex had visual response latencies in the range of 30-50 ms under the stimulus conditions used. The earliest neuronal responses in striate cortex differed appreciably between individuals. The shortest latency recorded in the four animals ranged from 20 to 31 ms. Comparable values were obtained from both single unit and multiunit sites. After lesions were made in the magnocellular subdivision of the LGN in two animals, the shortest response latencies were 7 and 10 ms later than before the ablations. A larger lesion in the parvocellular subdivision of another animal produced no such shift. Thus it appears that the first 7-10 ms of cortical activation can be attributed to activation relayed by the magnocellular layers of the LGN. 3. The units with the shortest latencies were all found in layers 4C or 6 and their responses were among the most transient in striate cortex. Furthermore, their responses all showed a pronounced periodicity at a frequency of 50-100 Hz. This periodicity was stimulus locked, and the responses of all short-latency units oscillated in phase. 4. An index of response transience was computed for the units recorded in striate cortex. The distribution of this index was unimodal and gave no suggestion of distinct contributions from the geniculate subdivisions. Magnocellular and the parvocellular lesions affected the overall transience of responses in striate cortex. The changes, however, were very small; extremely transient responses and extremely sustained responses survived both types of lesions. 5. A characteristic profile was observed in the response latencies in superficial layers. Latencies appeared to increase monotonically from layer 4 toward the surface of cortex, with the most superficial neurons not becoming active until 15 ms after responses were observed in layer 4C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)