cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-Plane Polarized 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3 Thin Films

Ferroelectric 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) thin films were deposited on ZrO2/SiO2/silicon substrates using a chemical-solution-deposition method. Using a thin PZT film as a seed layer for the PMN-PT films, phase-pure perovskite PMN-PT could be obtained via rapid thermal annealing at 750°C for 60 s. The electrical properties of in-plane polarized thin films were characterized using interdigitated electrode arrays on the film surface. Ferroelectric hysteresis loops are observed with much larger remanent polarizations (∼24 μC/cm2) than for through-the-thickness polarized PMN-PT thin films (10–12 μC/cm2) deposited on Pt/Ti/Si substrates. For a finger spacing of 20 μm, the piezoelectric voltage sensitivity of in–plane polarized PMN-PT thin films was ∼20 times higher than that of through-the-thickness polarized PMN-PT thin films.
Minimal clinically important differences for the EQ-5D and QWB-SA in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): results from a Doubly Randomized Preference Trial (DRPT).

To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the health-utility measures EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) and Quality of Well Being Self-Administered (QWB-SA) Scale in PTSD patients. Two hundred patients aged 18 to 65 years with PTSD enrolled in a doubly randomized preference trial (DRPT) examining the treatment and treatment-preference effects between cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy with sertraline and completed the EQ-5D and QWB-SA at baseline and 10-week post-treatment. The anchor-based methods utilized a Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity. We regressed the changes in EQ-5D and QWB-SA scores on changes in the anchors using ordinary least squares regression. The slopes (beta coefficients) were the rates of change in the anchors as functions of change in EQ-5D and QWB, which represent our estimates of MCID. In addition, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to examine the relationship between the changes in EQ-5D and QWB-SA scores and treatment-response status. The MCIDs were estimated from the ROC curve where they best discriminate between treatment responders and non-responders. The distribution-based methods used small to moderate effect size in terms of 0.2 and 0.5 of standard deviation of the pre-treatment EQ-5D and QWB-SA scores. The anchor-based methods estimated the MCID ranges of 0.05 to 0.08 for the EQ-5D and 0.03 to 0.05 for the QWB. The MCID ranges were higher with the distribution-based methods, ranging from 0.04 to 0.10 for the EQ-5D and 0.02 to 0.05 for the QWB-SA. The established MCID ranges of EQ-5D and QWB-SA can be a useful tool in assessing meaningful changes in patient’s quality of life for researchers and clinicians, and assisting health-policy makers to make informing decision in mental health treatment. Clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT00127673 .
A Universal Controller for Distributed Control of Power Electronics Conversion Systems

This paper presents a distributed control system architecture for power electronics conversion systems. Control partitioning is described and a two-level control hierarchy is proposed. Specifically, a hardware manager-controlling the actual power conversion process-, and an application manager, hardware independent universal controller are introduced and implemented. A detailed description of these controllers is given using a voltage-source inverter as test system. Additionally, a high-speed real-time protocol (PESNet) is introduced for communication purposes of the proposed distributed control architecture. The synchronous nature of the protocol is described in addition to its data types and commands. From the analysis presented the usage of such an architecture and controllers for reconfigurable zonal distribution systems becomes apparent
Automated duplicate detection for bug tracking systems

Bug tracking systems are important tools that guide the maintenance activities of software developers. The utility of these systems is hampered by an excessive number of duplicate bug reports-in some projects as many as a quarter of all reports are duplicates. Developers must manually identify duplicate bug reports, but this identification process is time-consuming and exacerbates the already high cost of software maintenance. We propose a system that automatically classifies duplicate bug reports as they arrive to save developer time. This system uses surface features, textual semantics, and graph clustering to predict duplicate status. Using a dataset of 29,000 bug reports from the Mozilla project, we perform experiments that include a simulation of a real-time bug reporting environment. Our system is able to reduce development cost by filtering out 8% of duplicate bug reports while allowing at least one report for each real defect to reach developers.
Using Tablet PCs and Interactive Software in IC Design Courses to Improve Learning

This paper describes an initial study of using tablet PCs and interactive course software in integrated circuit (IC) design courses. A rapidly growing community is demonstrating how this technology can improve learning and retention of material by facilitating interaction between faculty and students via cognitive exercises during lectures. While numerous examples of using this technology exist, there is not much literature regarding its application to electrical engineering and IC design in particular. This paper presents examples from three different IC design courses to describe the types of cognitive activities that can be facilitated with this technology. While these examples are specific to IC design, the basic techniques are valid for any application. This study does show some initial success, which, it is hoped, will spark interest at other universities and lead to a better examination of its effectiveness through larger sample sizes.
Exploring the relationship between workspace density and employee attitudinal reactions: An integrative model

We have attempted to explore the inconsistent results in the literature concerning employee reactions to workspace density by examining the simultaneous moderating effects of job complexity and organizational tenure on the relationship between workspace density and three attitudinal outcomes: organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and co-worker satisfaction. We found the strongest negative relations between density and reactions when job complexity and organizational tenure were high, simultaneously. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors Expressing the Rat Brain Glucose Transporter Protect Cultured Neurons from Necrotic Insults

Because neurons are postmitotic, they are irreplaceable once they succumb to necrotic insults such as hypoglycemia, ischemia, and seizure. A paucity of energy can exacerbate the toxicities of these insults; thus, a plausible route to protect neurons from necrotic injury would be to enhance their glucose uptake capability. We have demonstrated previously that defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors overexpressing the rat brain glucose transporter (GT) gene (gt) can enhance glucose uptake in adult rat hippocampus and in hippocampal cultures. Furthermore, we have observed that such vectors can maintain neuronal metabolism during hypoglycemia and reduce kainic acid-induced seizure damage. In this study, we have developed bicistronic vectors that coexpressed gt and Escherichia coli lacZ as a reporter gene, which allows us to identify directly neurons that are infected with the vectors. Overexpression of GT from these vectors protected cultured hippocampal, spinal cord, and septal neurons against various necrotic insults, including hypoglycemia, glutamate, and 3-nitropropionic acid. Our observations demonstrate the feasibility of using HSV vectors to protect neurons from necrotic insults. Although this study has concentrated on the delivery of gt, other genes with therapeutic or protective capability might also be used.
Spectrum sharing in the gray space

There has been considerable effort to let more wireless devices operate in white space spectrum, that is within frequency bands and geographic areas where no wireless devices are active. Making white space available is certainly useful, but there are other sharing opportunities as well, some of which have been obscured by dangerous misconceptions about the concept of unused spectrum. This paper discusses allowing more devices to operate safely in gray space spectrum, that is spectrum that is actively being used in that transmissions are underway-something many economic models assume is impossible. The paper focuses on primary-secondary sharing, so devices gaining access to spectrum operate on a secondary basis in a way that never causes harmful interference to primary systems. Examples of primary-secondary gray space sharing mechanisms are described in which devices are allowed to share spectrum with broadcasting, radar, and cellular systems. Quantitative analysis shows that it is technically possible to support significant communications among secondary devices in spectrum that is already heavily used by cellular or radar. However, gray space sharing generally causes primary and secondary systems to be more technically interdependent than white space sharing, so different policy and governance structures are needed. Secondary market rules can support gray space sharing in cases where there is a single primary spectrum user, such as a cellular carrier. In cases where technology is static, the regulator may be able to control access for secondary devices. However, in cases with multiple primary users and multiple secondary users of spectrum, as might be seen in bands with radar for example, a new kind of governance body will be needed to facilitate spectrum sharing.
IPEX: interactive process expert

IPEX (interactive process expert), an expert system that provides an architecture for interactive supervision of physical processes, is described. The IPEX system samples the process level at regular time intervals and decides what diagnostic procedures it needs to identify problems with the process. Diagnostic procedures may take the form of tests, control algorithms, or signal-processing algorithms that run in the process environment. Once IPEX identifies the procedures that it needs to run, it uses a scheduling algorithm to make sure that all procedure results are available at the right times for valid diagnosis and that no interference occurs between procedures. When a problem is diagnosed, IPEX finds an appropriate treatment and applies it to the process level. The operation of the IPEX system and an example of the system in a circuit diagnosis application are described. >
An Implicit Enumeration Algorithm to Generate Tests for Combinational Logic Circuits

The D-algorithm (DALG) is shown to be ineffective for the class of combinational logic circuits that is used to implement error correction and translation (ECAT) functions. PODEM (path-oriented decision making) is a new test generation algorithm for combinational logic circuits. PODEM uses an implicit enumeration approach analogous to that used for solving 0-1 integer programming problems. It is shown that PODEM is very efficient for ECAT circuits and is significantly more efficient than DALG over the general spectrum of combinational logic circuits. A distinctive feature of PODEM is its simplicity when compared to the D-algorithm. PODEM is a complete algorithm in that it will generate a test if one exists. Heuristics are used to achieve an efficient implicit search of the space of all possible primary input patterns until either a test is found or the space is exhausted.
Embodied Cognition and the Simulation of Action to Understand Others

Understanding the goals or intentions of other people requires a broad range of evaluative processes including the decoding of biological motion, knowing about object properties, and abilities for recognizing task space requirements and social contexts. It is becoming increasingly evident that some of this decoding is based in part on the simulation of other people's behavior within our own nervous system. This review focuses on aspects of action understanding that rely on embodied cognition, that is, the knowledge of the body and how it interacts with the world. This form of cognition provides an essential knowledge base from which action simulation can be used to decode at least some actions performed by others. Recent functional imaging studies or action understanding are interpreted with a goal of defining conditions when simulation operations occur and how this relates with other constructs, including top-down versus bottom-up processing and the functional distinctions between action observation and social networks. From this it is argued that action understanding emerges from the engagement of highly flexible computational hierarchies driven by simulation, object properties, social context, and kinematic constraints and where the hierarchy is driven by task structure rather than functional or strict anatomic rules.
VARIATION OF CELL KINETIC PARAMETERS IN RELATION TO THE GROWTH RATE OF THE EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR

A multicompartmental model of the cell cycle and proliferation kinetics was used to analyse the time-course behavior of the cell cycle time, the growth fraction, and the cell loss rate during Ehrlich ascites tumor growth. The growth rate of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as the tumor aged was significantly influenced by change in the cell cycle time.
Do the magnitude and asymmetry of specific asset investments matter in the supplier-buyer relationship?

Abstract Despite a body of literature on specific asset investments, the extant literature falls short of exploring the magnitude and symmetry of specific asset investments in supplier–buyer relationships. This paper builds on prior research to identify and examine the impact of total and asymmetric specific asset investments on commitment, trust, and conflict in supplier–buyer relationships. Covariance structure analysis is used to analyse survey data. The results show that total SAI are positively related to commitment and trust, while asymmetric SAI are negatively related to trust and positively related to conflict in supplier–buyer relationships. Decision-making uncertainty affects trust, commitment, and conflict more than any other variables. Therefore, firms should work to strengthen their relationships by increasing the magnitude of specific asset investments with the aim of increasing trust and commitment. We also discuss the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.
Parts and Wholes

Philosophical questions concerning parts and wholes have received a tremendous amount of the attention of contemporary analytic metaphysicians. In what follows, I discuss some of the central questions. The questions to be discussed are: how general is parthood? Are there different kinds of parthood or ways to be a part? Can two things be composed of the same parts? When does composition occur? Can material objects gain or lose parts? What is the logical form of the parthood relation enjoyed by material objects?
Wide-Band Strip-Line Magic-T

This paper presents theoretical performance calculations of a novel form of wide-band strip-line Magic-T that uses two dual strip-line band-pass filters. When all four ports are terminated in the same impedance, the VSWR at each port is less than 1.47 over a 2:1 frequency band, while the isolation between opposite ports is greater than 20 db over this frequency band.
Exploiting ramp structures for improving optical flow estimation

The underlying principle behind most optical flow algorithms is that the brightness of a pixel remains the same as it flows from one frame to the next. The first order Taylor approximation used in formulating this brightness constancy principle may not be accurate when intensity profiles change non-linearly. In this paper, we propose a method of alleviating the effect of this approximation. Instead of computing image gradients using conventional horizontal and vertical filters of fixed coefficients and sizes, we propose to obtain the gradient information by an explicit examination of ramp profiles at a given location, in all directions. The gradient information obtained using the proposed analysis is more robust under non-linear changes in intensity profiles. Our results demonstrate that by incorporating the ramp structure information as proposed, we are able to improve existing optical flow algorithms.
Electrophysiological remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

Cardiac remodeling commonly refers to a persistent change in the properties of the myocardium in response to external stress. Cardiac remodeling occurs prominently in the setting of structural heart disease such as myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and heart failure (HF), but may also occur in the absence of mechanical dysfunction, as is the case during abrupt changes in heart rate and/or activation sequence. As such, remodeling is a prominent feature of atrial fibrillation, flutter, complete heart block, ventricular pacing, and tachycardia. Remodeling is induced by changes in gene expression, which, in turn, alter the expression of key regulatory proteins, the distribution and function of subcellular organelles, the size and morphology of individual cells, the properties of the extracellular matrix, and ultimately those of the entire organ.
Sensor placement for fault location identification in water networks

This paper focuses on the optimal sensor placement problem for the identification of pipe failure locations in large-scale urban water systems. The problem involves selecting the minimum number of sensors such that every pipe failure can be uniquely localized. This problem can be viewed as a minimum test cover (MTC) problem, which is NP-hard. We consider two approaches to obtain approximate solutions to this problem. In the first approach, we transform the MTC problem to a minimum set cover (MSC) problem and use the greedy algorithm that exploits the submodularity property of the MSC problem to compute the solution to the MTC problem. In the second approach, we develop a new augmented greedy algorithm for solving the MTC problem. This approach does not require the transformation of the MTC to MSC. Our augmented greedy algorithm provides in a significant computational improvement while guaranteeing the same approximation ratio as the first approach. We propose several metrics to evaluate the performance of the sensor placement designs. Finally, we present detailed computational experiments for a number of real water distribution networks.
Reflections on ‘The body keeps the score: brain, mind and body in the healing of trauma’

Researcher, clinician, teacher and lecturer, psychiatrist Bessel van der Kolk leads us on an in-depth journey, revealing the many faces and intricacies of trauma and its diverse routes to healing. ...
Retrieving co-occurring cloud and precipitation properties of warm marine boundary layer clouds with A-Train data

In marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds the formation of precipitation from the cloud droplet distribution in the presence of variable aerosol plays a fundamental role in determining the coupling of these clouds to their environment and ultimately to the climate system. Here the degree to which A-Train satellite measurements can diagnose simultaneously occurring cloud and precipitation properties in MBL clouds is examined. Beginning with the measurements provided by CloudSat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (including a newly available microwave brightness temperature from CloudSat), and a climatology of MBL cloud properties from past field campaigns, an assumption is made that any hydrometeor volume could contain both cloud droplet and precipitation droplet modes. Bayesian optimal estimation is then used to derive atmospheric states by inverting a measurement vector carefully accounting for uncertainties due to instrument noise, forward model error, and assumptions. It is found that in many cases where significant precipitation coexists with cloud, due to forward model error driven by uncertainties in assumptions, the uncertainty in retrieved cloud properties is greater than the variance in the prior climatology. It is often necessary to average several thousand (hundred) precipitating (weakly precipitating) profiles to obtain meaningful information regarding the properties important to microphysical processes. Regardless, if such process level information is deemed necessary for better constraining predictive models of the climate system, measurement systems specifically designed to accomplish such retrievals must be considered for the future.
Political Allegiance under the First Black President

The election of Barack Obama has been the start to many 'firsts' in American politics - such as the most diverse cabinet in history and the nomination of the first Latina to the U.S. Supreme Court. This paper examines how these new developments within the highest and most visible political offices of the country influence White attitudes. Through a survey experiment, White attitudes of political allegiance are tested in light of the new political developments since the last Presidential election. Half of the respondents were primed with specific information about Obama, the diversity of his cabinet appointments and selection of Sotomayor; the other half received no priming statement. Next, respondents were asked a series of questions about political allegiance, satisfaction with representation, and responsiveness of government. In short, I find White respondents' levels of political allegiance are influenced by simply prompting them to think about the new diverse state of their national government.
Approaching Oxygen-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy.

The outcome of cancer radiation treatment is strongly correlated with tumor oxygenation. The aim of this study is to use oxygen tension distributions in tumors obtained using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) imaging to devise better tumor radiation treatment. The proposed radiation plan is delivered in two steps. In the first step, a uniform 50 % tumor control dose (TCD50) is delivered to the whole tumor. For the second step an additional dose boost is delivered to radioresistant, hypoxic tumor regions. FSa fibrosarcomas grown in the gastrocnemius of the legs of C3H mice were used. Oxygen tension images were obtained using a 250 MHz pulse imager and injectable partially deuterated trityl OX63 (OX71) spin probe. Radiation was delivered with a novel animal intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) XRAD225Cx microCT/radiation therapy delivery system. In a simplified scheme for boost dose delivery, the boost area is approximated by a sphere, whose radius and position are determined using an EPR O2 image. The sphere that irradiates the largest fraction of hypoxic voxels in the tumor was chosen using an algorithm based on Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis. We used the fraction of irradiated hypoxic volume as the true positive determinant and the fraction of irradiated normoxic volume as the false positive determinant in the terms of that analysis. The most efficient treatment is the one that demonstrates the shortest distance from the ROC curve to the upper left corner of the ROC plot. The boost dose corresponds to the difference between TCD90 and TCD50 values. For the control experiment an identical radiation dose to the normoxic tumor area is delivered.
Infrared laser spectroscopy of the CH3OO radical formed from the reaction of CH3 and O2 within a helium nanodroplet.

Helium nanodroplet isolation and infrared laser spectroscopy are used to investigate the CH3 + O2 reaction. Helium nanodroplets are doped with methyl radicals that are generated in an effusive pyrolysis source. Downstream from the introduction of CH3, the droplets are doped with O2 from a gas pick-up cell. The CH3 + O2 reaction therefore occurs between sequentially picked-up and presumably cold CH3 and O2 reactants. The reaction is known to lead barrierlessly to the methyl peroxy radical, CH3OO. The ∼30 kcal/mol bond energy is dissipated by helium atom evaporation, and the infrared spectrum in the CH stretch region reveals a large abundance of droplets containing the cold, helium solvated CH3OO radical. The CH3OO infrared spectrum is assigned on the basis of comparisons to high-level ab initio calculations and to the gas phase band origins and rotational constants.
On the mechanism of growth of cells (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) in the mixed aqueous two-phase system

The growth ofBacillus amyloliquefaciens in the aqueous two-phase system, made up of polyethylene glycol, dextran, and water, was investigated. Generally,Bacillus partitions in the dextran phase, but the magnitude of the separation depends largely on the overall composition of polymers in the phase system. The kinetics of growth ofBacillus amyloliquefaciens was studied in the polyethylene glycol-rich continuous phase, dextran-rich dispersed phase, and in the mixed phase. From the kinetic data it appears that increasing the overall polymer composition causes the cells to adsorp at the interface. On the other hand, partition measurements indicate that increasing polymer concentrations make the cell partitioning more one-sided. This anomaly is explained by studying the interfacial adsorption of cells via dynamic surface tension measurements.
Tunable giant spin hall conductivities in a strong spin-orbit semimetal: Bi(1-x) Sb(x).

Intrinsic spin Hall conductivities are calculated for strong spin-orbit ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{x}$ semimetals, from the Kubo formula and using Berry curvatures evaluated throughout the Brillouin zone from a tight-binding Hamiltonian. Nearly crossing bands with strong spin-orbit interaction generate giant spin Hall conductivities in these materials, ranging from 474 $(\ensuremath{\hbar}/\mathrm{e})(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}\text{ }\mathrm{cm}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for bismuth to 96 $(\ensuremath{\hbar}/\mathrm{e})(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}\text{ }\mathrm{cm}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for antimony; the value for bismuth is more than twice that of platinum. The large spin Hall conductivities persist for alloy compositions corresponding to a three-dimensional topological insulator state, such as ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.83}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{0.17}$. The spin Hall conductivity could be changed by a factor of 5 for doped Bi, or for ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.83}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{0.17}$, by changing the chemical potential by 0.5 eV, suggesting the potential for doping or voltage tuned spin Hall current.
Multiobjective optimization of a commercial transport aircraft for cost and weight

This paper discusses the optimization of a small, medium-range transport aircraft to minimize direct operating cost (DOC), gross weight, and a combination of these two objectives. An effective method for cost optimization of aircraft is desired, especially in the commercial sector where many decisions are costdriven. In the past, many conceptual and preliminary design efforts have assumed a direct relationship between gross weight and cost. However, this relationship is not necessarily the case. The methodology used here for cost prediction incorporates several inputs, not just gross weight. The optimization algorithm CONMIN is used for minimization of the single-objective and multiobjective functions. The design variables are wing loading, thrust-to-weight ratio, aspect ratio, wing sweep, and wing taper ratio. Constraints are imposed on takeoff distance, cruise speed, rate of climb, landing distance, and absolute ceiling. Weighted objectives and a gaming theory are both used as approaches to the multiobjective problem. Results of the optimization studies are presented and discussed.
Influence of carbon mapping and land change modelling on the prediction of carbon emissions from deforestation

������������� SUMMARY The implementation of an international programme for reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) can help to mitigate climate change and bring numerous benefits to environmental conservation. Information on land change modelling and carbon mapping can contribute to quantify future carbon emissions from deforestation. However limitations in data availability and technical capabilities may constitute an obstacle for countries interested in participating in the REDD programme. This paper evaluates the influence of quantity and allocation of mapped carbon stocks and expected deforestation on the prediction of carbon emissions from deforestation. The paper introduces the conceptual space where quantity and allocation are involved in predicting carbon emissions, and then uses the concepts to predict carbon emissions in the Brazilian Amazon, using previously published information about carbon mapping and deforestation modelling. Results showed that variation in quantity ofcarbonamongcarbon maps wasthe mostinfluential component of uncertainty, followed by quantity of predicted deforestation. Spatial allocation of carbon within carbon maps was less influential than quantity of carbon in the maps. For most of the carbon maps, spatial allocation of deforestation had a minor but variable effect on the prediction of carbon emissions relative to the other components. The influence of spatial carbon allocation reaches its maximum when 50% of the initial forest area is deforested. The method can be applied to other case studies to evaluate the interacting effects of quantity and allocation of carbon with future deforestation on the prediction of carbon emissions from deforestation.
Targeting the Thrombin Receptor Modulates Inflammation and Astrogliosis to Improve Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

The deregulation of serine protease activity is a common feature of neurological injury, but little is known regarding their mechanisms of action or whether they can be targeted to facilitate repair. In this study we demonstrate that the thrombin receptor (Protease Activated Receptor 1, (PAR1)) serves as a critical translator of the spinal cord injury (SCI) proteolytic microenvironment into a cascade of pro-inflammatory events that contribute to astrogliosis and functional decline. PAR1 knockout mice displayed improved locomotor recovery after SCI and reduced signatures of inflammation and astrogliosis, including expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and STAT3 signaling. SCI-associated elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 were also reduced in PAR1-/- mice and co-ordinate improvements in tissue sparing and preservation of NeuN-positive ventral horn neurons, and PKCγ corticospinal axons, were observed. PAR1 and its agonist's thrombin and neurosin were expressed by perilesional astrocytes and each agonist increased the production of IL-6 and STAT3 signaling in primary astrocyte cultures in a PAR1-dependent manner. In turn, IL-6-stimulated astrocytes increased expression of PAR1, thrombin, and neurosin, pointing to a model in which PAR1 activation contributes to increased astrogliosis by feedforward- and feedback-signaling dynamics. Collectively, these findings identify the thrombin receptor as a key mediator of inflammation and astrogliosis in the aftermath of SCI that can be targeted to reduce neurodegeneration and improve neurobehavioral recovery.
Analysis on death and life lost from gastric cancer among residents in Changshu City from 1973-2010

[Objective]To analyze the status of death and life lost from gastric cancer among residents in Changshu City from 1973-2010,provide the basis for making the control measures of gastric cancer.[Methods]The data of death from gastric cancer in Changshu City from 1973-2010 were collected to calculate mortality and life lost rate,and its changes with time were observed.[Results]The crude death rate of gastric cancer among residents in Changshu City from 1973-2010 was 47.91/lakh,and the standardized mortality rate was 34.79/lakh,which accounted for 26.73% of death caused by malignant tumor.The mortality rates of gastric cancer in males and females increased significantly with increasing age.The mortality,standardized mortality rate and life lost rate of gastric cancer in males were higher than those in females.As time goes on,the standardized mortality rate of gastric cancer showed a downward trend.[Conclusion]The gastric cancer severely impairs the health of residents in Changshu City.The aged tendency of population is the main factor of higher crude death rate of gastric cancer,meanwhile,unhealthy diet habit,long-term chronic gastritis,lack of early detection and timely treatment are the important influencing factors.In is necessary to carry out comprehensive intervention measures to control and reduce the gastric cancer.
Endoscopic Mucosal Healing Predicts Favorable Clinical Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-analysis.

Background Mucosal healing (MH) in inflammatory bowel disease has been associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes. Uncertainty remains as to the magnitude of this effect and to how this association changes with time and degree of healing. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science searches identified 1570 citations. Screening of abstracts identified 155 articles for full-text review, of which 19 met inclusion criteria. For 3 outcomes of interest (surgeries, hospitalizations, remission), weighted random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Results In pooled analysis, MH predicted fewer major abdominal surgeries (relative risk [RR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.46), increased remission (RR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.43-2.36), and fewer hospitalizations (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42-0.78). Complete MH and partial MH both showed significantly higher rates of favorable outcomes. Separate analyses for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis showed identical patterns for surgeries and remission. When subjects with no healing were excluded, and complete versus partial healing was compared, rates of surgery were not significantly different (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.46-1.44). However, complete healing was superior in predicting corticosteroid-free remission (RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.24-2.34). Meta-regression found that the predictive power of this complete versus partial healing distinction was strongly associated with the duration of follow-up after endoscopy. Conclusions MH is a strong predictor of fewer surgeries, long-term clinical remission, and fewer hospitalizations. Complete healing is not significantly more favorable than partial healing for predicting surgeries or hospitalizations, but it did predict higher rates of clinical remission. This benefit of complete MH over partial healing increases with follow-up time.
Railway Time: Speed, Synchronization, and ‘Time-Sense’

I n 1919, a shopkeeper from Gujranwala was charged with ‘waging war against His Majesty.’ Under section 121 of the Indian Penal Code, a martial law tribunal accused Jagannath of fomenting agitation in meetings held on 12 and 13 April and of taking ‘a very active part’ in having shops closed on 14 April. The tribunal argued that these events were central in Gujranwala's decision to replicate the violence seen in Amritsar. Jagannath defended himself with an alibi, offering railway timetables as proof that he could not have committed the acts that he was being charged with. He explained that he had left Gujranwala for Kathiawar on 12 April by the 5.00 p.m. train. He also offered to produce witnesses to corroborate his presence in Dhoraji on 16 April—since it took 44 hours to reach Dhoraji from Delhi by the fastest train, so their testimony, combined with railway timetables, made it impossible for him to have been in Gujranwala after 6.00 p.m. on 13 April. The tribunal allowed him to summon witnesses who could prove this alibi but pronounced judgment without waiting for them. ‘Jagannath's Case’ became somewhat of an albatross around the imperial neck, with the legally trained nationalist leader M.K. Gandhi insisting that railway timetables ‘completely established’ his alibi. Its explicit political valence aside, Jagannath's use of railway timetables as legal defence suggests the extent to which railway infrastructure had permeated everyday life in colonial India. Important here is Jagannath's depiction as one among millions of ordinary Indians: ‘a man of humble position and status,’ a petty shopkeeper who was ‘unknown to fame and unconnected with any public activity.’ Jagannath's alibi did not protect him legally since the tribunal did not wait for him to produce witnesses. However, his story shows how technical artefacts linked with railways—train schedules, railway timetables, and station clocks—had become integrated into people's lives. These both embodied and fostered a changing temporal order, one that someone like Jagannath had absorbed effectively enough to deploy creatively in his defence.
Forest and trees: Shade management, forest proximity and pollinator communities in southern Costa Rica coffee agriculture

Sustained pollinator services within coffee farms depend substantially on a diverse bee community. While studies have been conducted to understand the impacts of forest proximity and farm level management on pollinators, few have examined the interaction between these two spatial scales. We surveyed pollinator communities within 18 sites on a large organic farm surrounded by native forest in southern Costa Rica. We selected sites 0, 50 and 150 m from the forest edge within shaded and sparsely-shaded (sun) portions of the farm to quantify the influence of both shade management and distance to contiguous forest on pollinator communities. Contrary to similar studies, native bees dominated the composition of pollinators on this farm. Overall, pollinator diversity and activity did not differ significantly neither between the shade management types nor among the sites 0, 50 or 150 m from the forest edge. However, pollinator diversity was found to be significantly higher at sun sites near forest (0 m) compared with further away, whereas the diversity was the same for the shade sites regardless of forest proximity. We found that greater numbers of coffee flowers within each site increased bee abundance and flower visitation frequency. Bee abundance was greater in sites with less ground cover and bee diversity and visitation frequencies were higher in sites with greater amounts of shade canopy cover and trees in flower. Based on our results, we suggest including flowering shade trees that provide high levels of canopy cover, maintaining or re-establishing forested areas within or surrounding farms, and eliminating or reducing agrochemical use to increase native pollinator activity and diversity within coffee farms.
Abstract 68: Incidence and Outcomes of Unresolved Prehospital Rearrest in EMS-Treated Cases of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background: The phenomenon of re-arrest (RA) - loss of pulses after successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) - is of interest in resuscitation research because even transient loss of pulses prior to hospital arrival may have a detrimental impact on patient outcomes. Patients who experience RA may also demonstrate specific pathology, the identification and treatment of which may lead to better outcomes. Objective: Estimate the incidence and outcomes of one manifestation of RA, unresolved prehospital-RA (UP-RA), wherein pulses are not reestablished following at least one RA prior to arrival at the emergency department (ED). Methods: Case data spanning 2006-2008 were obtained from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium, a multisite clinical research consortium with cardiac arrest surveillance programs in 10 sites in North America. Non-traumatic emergency medical services (EMS)-treated cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with any instance of prehospital ROSC were included. Prehospital ROSC events, patient vital status at ED admission, survival to hospital discharge, patient demographics, and ancillary resuscitation variables were ascertained through review of paramedic-generated patient care reports (PCRs), defibrillator data downloads, and hospital records. Prehospital ROSC was defined as a detectible return of pulses resulting in an obvious suspension of CPR. UP-RA status was assigned to any case with prehospital ROSC that did not have pulses upon ED arrival. Results: Out of 18,937 cases of OHCA across all sites, there were 11,456 (60.5%) EMS-treated cases. Prehospital ROSC was found in 4,609 (40.2%) cases. Of these cases, mean(SD) age was 63.7(17), 37.1% were female, 21.5% occurred in public, 13.5% were EMS witnessed, and overall survival to hospital discharge was 28%. Vital status at ED was available for 3,116 (67.6%) cases of which UP-RA was present in 473 (15.2%). Survival was 7.8% in cases with UP-RA, compared to 33.3% in cases without, and UP-RA was directly associated with death prior to hospital discharge (OR: 6.14, CI: 4.31-8.75, p Conclusion: When characterized as an irreversible event prior to ED arrival, incidence of RA is relatively uncommon but strongly predictive of non-survival at hospital discharge.
Elder Abuse Multidisciplinary Teams

Multidisciplinary teams have a long history as an intervention model for addressing elder abuse. Their continued importance, expansion, and diversification across more than a half century reflect the increasing number of disciplines and service systems involved in complex case situations and the need for collaboration to enable effective problem resolution. This chapter examines elder abuse multidisciplinary teams (M-teams) with respect to their many aspects, from functions and types to leadership and member roles to case selection and review. From the existing research and practice literature, salient findings are identified and integrated to illuminate a model seen as both beneficial and challenging to those involved in its implementation. Evaluative research to date generally suggests that the M-teams remain more a promising practice than evidence-based approach. Still, commitment to the model is widespread and has resulted in many calls for public policy to increase M-teams and better support their operations.
TCTAP C-096 A Complex PCI with Successful Total Re-vascularization of CTO Ostial RCA LM Ostial Sub Total Occlusion and Ostial LCX Total Occlusion “Sometimes We Make the Right Decision and Sometimes We Make the Decision Right”

### Patient initials or identifier number MM ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam A 68-year-old man with multiple risk factors for CAD(HTN, DM, X-smoker) presented on January 8, 2016 with new-onset CCS class III angina.“Suffocation on minimal exertion”Cardiac catheterization
Teaching Trauma: A Model for Introducing Traumatic Materials in the Classroom

niversity courses in disciplines such as social work, family studies, humanities, and other areas often use classroom materials that contain traumatic material (Barlow & Becker-Blease, 2012). While many recommendations based on trauma theory exist for instructors at the university level, these are often made in the context of clinical training programs, rather than at the undergraduate level across disciplines. Furthermore, no organized model exists to aid instructors in developing a trauma-informed pedagogy for teaching courses on traumatic stress, violence, and other topics that may pose a risk for secondary traumatic stress in the classroom (Kostouros, 2008). This paper seeks to bridge the gap between trauma theory and implementation of sensitive content in classrooms of higher education, and presents a model of trauma-informed teaching that was developed in the context of an undergraduate trauma studies program. Implications and future directions for research in the area of trauma-informed university classrooms are discussed.
Epistaxis: An Overview

This article provides a review of epistaxis for the emergency clinician. The anatomy, incidence, etiology, diagnosis, and management of posterior and anterior epistaxis are discussed.
Acquired Neurological Disorders and Diseases of Childhood

Though relatively rare compared to neurodevelopmental disorders, acquired neurological disorders and diseases represent some of the more common disorders seen by child clinical neuropsychologists. This chapter uses a transactional neuropsychological approach to review traumatic brain injury in children; exposure to teratogenic agents, including alcohol and cocaine; childhood cancer, and infectious diseases of the CNS, including meningitis and encephalitis. Research into these various disorders and diseases suggests the need for a transactional approach to assessing and treating children with these neurological conditions. Such an approach is particularly appropriate given the complexity of these disorders as well as the long-term effects that are present during and following recovery.
The Basic Skills

This chapter focuses on the number system. The number system is a decimal system because it is based on 10. Any number can be written using the proper choice and combination of 10 symbols—0 through 9. The decimal system is a place value system. This means that the value of each digit depends in part on its position within the number. On moving to the left in a decimal number, each place is worth 10 times the previous place; on moving to the right, each place is worth one-tenth of the previous place. A rounding variation that is found in other studies is the computer rule, which can avoid errors in rounding large series of numbers. By means of this rule, some numbers may become larger while others become smaller. The correct alignment of numbers around the decimal point is essential in successful addition. To accomplish this, the numbers must be put in a column by lining up the decimal points and by filling in zeroes for any numbers with fewer decimal digits than the longest number.
Stump, Gregory. 2016. Inflectional paradigms: Content and form at the syntax-morphologyinterface

This article reviews Inflectional paradigms: Content and form at the syntax-morphology interface 978-1-107-46085-0
Highly Selective Acylation of Alcohols Using Enol Esters Catalyzed by Iminophosphoranes

The iminophosphorane bases PhCH2NP(MeNCH2CH2)3N and PhCH2NP(NMe2)3 catalyze the acylation of primary alcohols with enol esters in excellent yields and in high selectivity. It was found that acid labile groups such as acetal and epoxide survive under the reaction conditions. Groups such as TBS and disulfide, which undergo cleavage in the presence of Ac2O and the Lewis acid Sc(OTf)3, are also unaffected. Diene, conjugated acetylene, oxazoline, nitro, and benzodioxane groups are also compatible with our catalyst/reagent system. Because secondary alcohols do not react under our conditions, our methodology is attractive for the selective acylation of primary alcohols. Polymer-supported iminophosphorane catalysts are also shown to be useful in these reactions, thus opening the possibility of wider applications.