cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of contour angle on fractal dimension measurements for brittle materials

Slit-island analysis (SIA) has been successfully used to measure the fractal dimensional increment (D*) of fracture surfaces. The fracture toughness in brittle ceramics is related to the fractal dimension. However, the measurement technique may affect the determined D* values. The purpose of this study was to determine the contour angle at which a valid fractal dimension measurement could be obtained using the SIA method for baria silicate glass-ceramic and zinc selenide ceramic. Two specimens of each material were duplicated for each of the following contour angles: 0°, 3°, 5°, 7°, 22°, and 90°. After polishing to 1 μm alumina slurry, the coastlines were photographed and arranged in a collage. The coastline was analyzed using the Richardson technique. Results showed that the SIA technique is sensitive to the contour angle since D* decreases with increasing contour angle for both materials.
The Effect of a Computerized Decision Aid on the Development of Knowledge

This study provides evidence on how the use of a computerized decision aid affects knowledge acquisition. While the intent of such computer-based decision aids is to improve and support unaided human judgments, it is unclear whether the use of the aids actually facilitate knowledge transfer. Seventy-six subjects completed a hypothetical decision task where one of two types of decision aids was used: an expert system or traditional textual materials. Results suggest that those using a computer-based decision aid acquired and encoded in memory less declarative knowledge than those using textual reference materials. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Incidence of aspiration in infants with single-ventricle physiology following hybrid procedure.

Background Swallowing dysfunction is a known complication for infants with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), but few studies have examined swallowing outcomes following the hybrid procedure for stage 1 palliation in children with single ventricle physiology. Objectives (1) Identify the incidence of aspiration in all infants with single ventricle physiology who underwent the hybrid procedure and (2) Compare results of clinical bedside and instrumental swallowing evaluations to examine the predictive value of a less invasive swallowing assessment for this population of high-risk infants. Methods This was a retrospective cohort chart review study. All patients with single-ventricle physiology who underwent the hybrid procedure received a referral for subsequent instrumental swallow assessment during a 4-year period. Results from clinical bedside evaluations were compared to those of the instrumental assessment. Results Fifty infants were included in this study. During instrumental swallow assessment, aspiration was observed in 28% of infants following the hybrid procedure. Normal swallowing function was identified in 44% of infants, and 28% demonstrated laryngeal penetration. Neither length of intubation nor prematurity were found to be predictors of aspiration. Thirty-six of these infants were assessed via clinical bedside evaluation prior to the instrumental evaluation. The sensitivity of the clinical bedside evaluation was 0.73 and the specificity was 0.92. Conclusions This study reports on a cohort of infants with single ventricle physiology following the hybrid procedure and found the incidence of aspiration to be lower than previously reported. Improved clinical bedside evaluation guidelines are needed so that clinicians can predict more reliably which infants are at risk for aspiration following the hybrid procedure.
Concept and Interpretation of Commercial Agreements Under Brazilian Law

The goals of this article are to define the concept of “commercial agreement” and to analyze the rules of interpretation that guide their construction and that differentiate it from other contractual schemes.
Turing-Hopf front invasion: Rings and shells

Invasion of Turing patterns into a region of bulk oscillations was investigated in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky-Aerosol OT reverse microemulsion system. Three distinct mechanisms for the formation of Turing structures at the expense of the bulk oscillation region were observed: frozen waves, which have been reported previously in this system, and reflecting waves and Turing-Hopf fronts, which have not. Turing-Hopf fronts appeared as the outer rings in this quasi-two-dimensional system with an amplitude intermediate between those of the Turing pattern and the phase waves in the bulk oscillation region. Three-dimensional (3D) Turing-Hopf shells (outer layers of 3D balls) were also observed.
Contextualizing Experiences of Diabetes-Related Stress in Rural Dominican Republic

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is changing the burden of disease across Latin America. In this formative, qualitative study, we explored experiences of T2D diagnosis and management among adults in rural Dominican Republic. We conducted 28 in-depth interviews (12 men, 16 women) and used inductive analysis to explore the emotional burden of T2D and identify coping strategies. We found that stress relating to T2D began at diagnosis and persisted throughout management. Stress was produced by concerns about healthy food and medication access, fears about illness-induced injury, and the cyclical process of experiencing stress. Participants identified diabetes care and free medication services as external stress-reducers. Internally, participants' mitigated stress by not thinking about diabetes (" no dar mente"). Our study highlights the importance of a contextualized understanding of diabetes-related stress and the need for individual, clinic, and community-level interventions to reduce stressors and improve health outcomes among adults with T2D.
Longitudinal relations between emotional awareness and expression, emotion regulation, and peer victimization among urban adolescents.

Abstract Introduction There are potential long-term psychosocial effects of experiencing peer victimization during adolescence, including: internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and risks behaviors such as substance use. While social-emotional theories of development note associations between deficits in emotion competencies and peer victimization in childhood, these associations are less established among adolescent samples. Identifying which inadequacies in emotional competence place particular adolescents at risk for peer victimization may provide insight into the developmental pathways leading to unfavorable outcomes. Methods The current study examined the relation between emotional competence and overt peer victimization among adolescents. Adolescents living in a mid-sized urban city in the southeastern region of the United States (N = 357; Mage = 12.14 years, 92% African American) reported their emotional awareness and reluctance to express emotion at baseline. Two years later, adolescents reported their regulation of anger and caregivers reported on adolescents' global emotion regulation. Adolescents also reported on occurrences of overt peer victimization during the previous 30 days at baseline and during the two-year follow up. Results Our hypothesized model fit the data adequately. Greater emotion awareness was associated with higher scores on caregiver-rated emotion regulation and adolescent-rated anger regulation two years later, and in turn, lower frequencies of overt victimization by peers. Further, greater expressive reluctance was associated with greater anger regulation, and in turn, lower frequencies of overt victimization by peers. Patterns of associations did not vary by sex or age. Conclusions The present study extends models of social-emotional development and peer interactions into the development age stage of adolescence.
Modeling Voting Service Times with Machine Logs

We propose a new method for estimating voting service times using machine log files from electronic voting machines, particularly the iVotronic DREs used in South Carolina. Estimating voting service times requires both parsing the relevant information from the files and estimating when machines are being used to capacity in the precincts to which they are deployed. After estimating average voting service times for each precinct in South Carolina in the 2016 presidential election, we conduct statistical analysis to explore correlates of service times with ballot features (number of candidates and offices), ballot behavior (straight-ticket voting and ballot roll-off), and demographics (age and race). This analysis is potentially helpful for both reaching a more nuanced understanding of why voting times vary, and for providing election administrators with a method for estimating ballot-marking times more comprehensively than previously possible.
Magnetic biochar derived from biosolids via hydrothermal carbonization: Enzyme immobilization, immobilized-enzyme kinetics, environmental toxicity

Abstract Magnetic and nonmagnetic biochar (MBC & BC) were produced from biosolids under hydrothermal conditions and characterized in order to understand surface chemistry impacts on enzyme immobilization and activity. Peak surface pore size of MBC was 180 nm and that of BC was 17 nm. Despite similar surface area (≈ 49 m2/g) MBC immobilized more laccase (99 mg/g) than biochar (31 mg/g). For horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the two biochars had similar immobilization capacity (≈ 65 mg/g). Laccase and HRP on MBC had 47.1 and 18.0% higher specific activity than on BC, respectively. The matrix activity of MBC-laccase (33.3 U/mg support) was 3.7-fold higher than BC-laccase (8.8 U/mg support) and higher than the same amount of free laccase (30.2 U) at pH 3.0 (P
Attending to the Suffering of Dementia: A Practical Theology Approach

According to Eleonore Stump, narratives like the book of Job are especially rich resources for addressing issues of suffering and theodicy. Although the book of Job may be about many things, starti...
Evaluation of the short- and long-term complications and outcomes of phacoemulsification surgery in alpacas.

Objective To describe the complications and determine the visual outcomes associated with phacoemulsification surgery in alpacas. Animals Five alpacas (nine operated eyes). Procedures Medical records of alpacas with a clinical diagnosis of cataracts that received elective phacoemulsification surgery at Cornell University over a 15 year period were reviewed. Results The mean (± standard deviation) age of the five operated alpacas was 104 days (±64 days). The cataracts were suspected to be congenital in all alpacas. Concurrent congenital ocular abnormalities were common in the operated eyes and included microphakia, persistent patent hyaloid arteries, and persistent patent tunica vasculosa lentis. No significant intraoperative complications were identified in any cases. In the immediate postoperative period, uveitis was mild-to-moderate in most operated eyes, ocular hypertension was not detected, and clinically significant corneal edema did not occur in any eyes. The mean (± standard deviation) duration of clinical follow-up after surgery was 32 months (±25 months). A peri-incisional corneal stromal ulcer associated with fibrinous uveitis was identified in a single eye during recheck examination 4 weeks postoperative that resolved with medical therapy. Long-term complications included unilateral glaucoma in two alpacas that resulted in vision loss. On the final recheck ophthalmic examination, 78% (7 of 9) of operated eyes were visual and all operated alpacas had vision in at least one operated eye. Conclusions and clinical relevance In this series, the visual outcomes associated with elective phacoemulsification surgery in alpacas were good. Glaucoma was the most common vision-threatening long-term postoperative complication.
Re-storying the landscape: The humanities and higher education for sustainable development

In the midst of the planetary crisis represented by the Anthropocene – the geological epoch in which human activity has become the dominant influence on the environment – the humanities can advance the sustainability movement by emphasizing the study of human experience. As we face sustainability challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss, we encounter questions such as: what kind of education is of most value and how do we engage the environmental humanities as a mode of inquiry to better understand the crucial relationships between humans, place, and sustainability? Addressing these questions requires non-conventional modes of inquiry. Studying the stories of the landscapes that we inhabit is a non-conventional mode of inquiry that nurtures a sense of place. These stories include how the land was shaped by both natural and human forces. Stories of place and the history of how humans have altered it provide crucial insight into the human-Earth relationship. The study of place cultivates interest in infusing lived and felt human experience into the curriculum and pedagogy. Infusing human experience into higher education pedagogy encourages the linking of the sciences with the humanities. These ideas were implemented in a case study in which a swamp located in northwestern Ohio was used to contextualize sustainability education at Bowling Green State University. Such an education-oriented response to the sustainability crisis allows us to formulate new modes of inquiry, to better collaborate across disciplines, and to embrace uncertainty.
State Feedback Control Design for Stefan System

This chapter presents the design procedure of the control algorithm for the one-phase Stefan system. Due to the recent advancement in computing, a sophisticated PDE control algorithm with complex computations can be practically implemented. With the phase changes appearing in a variety of scientific phenomena and industrial processes, such a control algorithm has numerous practical applications in science and engineering (we introduce some examples in Part II).
A Methodology for Mentoring Writing in Law Practice: Using Textual Clues to Provide Effective and Efficient Feedback

Becoming a successful legal writer is a process that begins in law school and continues intensively during the beginning years of a lawyer's career. Throughout this process, in both contexts, a writer benefits enormously from feedback on his analysis, and how that analysis is conveyed, from those more experienced. Much has been written about how legal educators should respond to student written work, yet little addresses the role that supervising attorneys can play in mentoring the writing of less experienced colleagues. This article therefore proposes a methodology to help supervisor-mentors provide, in an efficient manner, effective feedback on junior lawyers' writing.The article begins by discussing why a mentor should focus her feedback initially on the analytical foundation of a piece of writing and put off until later copy-editing and commenting on basic clarity of expression. It goes on to recommend a methodology by which a mentor can draw on her experience as a lawyer to identify, from the face of a document, a range of textual and structural clues that likely indicate analytical problems, even when time pressures prevent her from gaining an independent understanding of the document's substance. The article explains how, based on these clues, a mentor can provide feedback that will help a junior lawyer revise a current piece of writing and develop skills to write more successfully in the future. The article concludes by applying this methodology to a hypothetical problem to illustrate this process and to provide the reader with a hands-on practicum using the suggested methodology.
Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2007 Pages: 216 Publisher: Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN: 978-0-313-33605-8 (hard cover). Prices: $55.00 USD(hard cover).
A study of hypersonic aircraft

Possible characteristics and requirements of future hypersonic aircraft, as determined from a current NASA Flight Research Center study, are examined. The effect of hypersonic speed on range is shown to offer sufficient potential to warrant serious consideration for future missions. Some hypersonic propulsion systems and their regions of operation are reviewed. Several possible configurations of hypersonic aircraft are presented, and the effect of various fuels is considered. Sonic-boom overpressures for future hypersonic aircraft are examined.
Encapsulation of Palladium in Porous Wall Hollow Glass Microspheres

A new encapsulation method was investigated in an attempt to develop an improved palladium packing material for hydrogen isotope separation. Porous wall hollow glass microspheres (PWHGMs) were produced by using a flame former, heat treating and acid leaching. The PWHGMs were then filled with palladium salt using a soak-and-dry process. The palladium salt was reduced at high temperature to leave palladium inside the microspheres.
GM1 ganglioside in Parkinson's disease: Pilot study of effects on dopamine transporter binding

Abstract Objective GM1 ganglioside has been suggested as a treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially having symptomatic and disease modifying effects. The current pilot imaging study was performed to examine effects of GM1 on dopamine transporter binding, as a surrogate measure of disease progression, studied longitudinally. Methods Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data were obtained from a subset of subjects enrolled in a delayed start clinical trial of GM1 in PD [1] : 15 Early-start (ES) subjects, 14 Delayed-start (DS) subjects, and 11 Comparison (standard-of-care) subjects. Treatment subjects were studied over a 2.5 year period while Comparison subjects were studied over 2 years. Dynamic PET scans were performed over 90 min following injection of [11C]methylphenidate. Regional values of binding potential (BPND) were analyzed for several striatal volumes of interest. Results Clinical results for this subset of subjects were similar to those previously reported for the larger study group. ES subjects showed early symptomatic improvement and slow symptom progression over the study period. DS and Comparison subjects were initially on the same symptom progression trajectory but diverged once DS subjects received GM1 treatment. Imaging results showed significant slowing of BPND loss in several striatal regions in GM1-treated subjects and in some cases, an increased BPND in some striatal regions was detected after GM1 use. Interpretation Results of this pilot imaging study provide additional data to suggest a potential disease modifying effect of GM1 on PD. These results need to be confirmed in a larger number of subjects.
Selective collision-induced fragmentation of ortho-hydroxybenzyl-aminated lysyl-containing tryptic peptides.

RATIONALE In protein studies that employ tandem mass spectrometry the manipulation of protonated peptide fragmentation through exclusive dissociation pathways may be preferred in some applications over the comprehensive amide backbone fragmentation that is typically observed. In this study, we characterized the selective cleavage of the side-chain Cζ–Ne bond of peptides with ortho-hydroxybenzyl-aminated lysine residues. METHODS Internal lysyl residues of representative peptides were derivatized via reductive amination with ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The modified peptides were analyzed using collision-induced dissociation (CID) on an Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometer. Theoretical calculations using computational methods (density functional theory) were performed to investigate the potential dissociation mechanisms for the Cζ–Ne bond of the derivatized lysyl residue resulting in the formation of the observed product ions. RESULTS Tandem mass spectra of the derivatized peptide ions exhibit product peaks corresponding to selective cleavage of the side-chain Cζ–Ne bond that links the derivative to lysine. The ortho-hydroxybenzyl derivative is released either as a neutral moiety [C7H6O1] or as a carbocation [C7H7O1]+ through competing pathways (retro-Michael versus Carbocation Elimination (CCE), respectively). The calculated transition state activation barriers indicate that the retro-Michael pathway is kinetically favored over CCE and both are favored over amide cleavage. CONCLUSIONS The application of ortho-hydroxybenzyl amination is a promising peptide derivatization scheme for promoting selective dissociation pathways in the tandem mass spectrometry of protonated peptides. This can be implemented in the rational development of peptide reactive reagents for applications that may benefit from selective fragmentation paths (including crosslinking or MRM reagents). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Nature and Structure of Content

Introduction 1. The Primary Question and the Answers of Frege and Russell 2. A New Account of Structured Propositions 3. Objections to the New Account 4. Objections to Structured Propositions Generally 5. Objections to Propositions Generally 6. Tense, Modality and Propositions 7. The Paradox of Analysis Appendix: Quantification and Propositions References Index
Diverse-projects design-experiences in analog/digital microelectronic systems

The basic challenge of supervising diverse microelectronics prototype projects is to make do with limited facilities in a vastly changing world of electronic systems requirements. This paper presents the experience of supervising and managing diverse projects in the advanced VLSIC analog/digital systems design graduate course at the Microelectronics System Design Lab (MSDL), Oakland University. Another pronounced benefit in assigning multiple projects is linking students to ongoing research efforts at the MSDL. Some of the completed one-term projects are directly connected to industrial applications. Other projects contributed to the effort of building apt analog standard cells library. All projects have been implemented through the MOSIS facilities. In a number of cases testing, and evaluation has been done by different students than the original designers.
Interindividual associations in dogs.

Interindividual behavior in a group of dogs reared together in a large field was studied to determine whether social and sexual interactions were more frequent in some pairs than in others. The experimental setting was designed to maximize the display of individual sympathies and antipathies. The basic test provided a situation in which behavioral interactions between a pair of animals was contingent on one animal approaching the other. One subject was restricted by a tether to a circular area with a diameter of approximately 12 feet while the other subject, the roving animal, was released into the outdoor field for 5 minutes, the duration of each test. Measures of association and a description of behavior were made and then the roles of each subject were reversed. Test combinations consisted of paired females, paired males and heterosexual pairs. Females were observed before, during, and after they were in behavioral estrus. Members of the opposite sex were most attracted to each other when the females were in estrus. However, all females were not equally attracted to all males. Three of four females showed preferences for some males over others. A preferred male enjoyed several advantages over nonpreferred males : (a) he was most frequently sought and solicited by the estrous female and she spent more time with him, (b) he was permitted to mount the female earlier in her estrous period, more frequently per day and, on more days, and (c) he was rarely prevented from investigating or mounting the female by being growled or barked at or by being bitten. Nonpreferred males were consistently rejected in this manner. One of the 5 males was readily accepted by all females. Otherwise, males preferred by one female were not uniformly preferred by the rest of them. In one case, a male preferred by one female was most frequently rejected by another. One female was equally receptive to all males. The preferences and aversions revealed by these subjects were evident the first time the females came into estrus and in subsequent estrous periods, whether natural or induced by exogenous hormones. These results were interpreted as indicating that sexual receptivity in the bitch is not completely dependent on ovarian hormones. Interactions between females were infrequent and brief as compared to those between two males or heterosexual pairs containing an estrous female. Strong individual associations between female pairs were not evident. Male-male interactions commonly involved elements of ritualized aggression while female-female interactions did not. The response of one male to another depended in part on which one had previously retreated in an aggressive encounter with the other. The submissive male in these stereotyped encounters was frequently visited, but he himself, rarely approached others. Some males preferred the company of some males to others. Members of a pair sympathetic to each other made frequent contacts of long duration and showed no aggression to each other.
Efficient siRNA selection using hybridization thermodynamics

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) are widely used to infer gene function. Here, insights in the equilibrium of siRNA-target hybridization are used for selection of efficient siRNA. The accessibilities of siRNA and target mRNA for hybridization, as measured by folding free energy change, are shown to be significantly correlated with efficacy. For this study, a partition function calculation that considers all possible secondary structures is used to predict target site accessibility; a significant improvement over calculations that consider only the predicted lowest free energy structure or a set of low free energy structures. The predicted thermodynamic features, in addition to siRNA sequence features, are used as input for a support vector machine that selects functional siRNA. The method works well for predicting efficient siRNA (efficacy >70%) in a large siRNA data set from Novartis. The positive predictive value (percentage of sites predicted to be efficient for silencing that are) is as high as 87.6%. The sensitivity and specificity are 22.7 and 96.5%, respectively. When tested on data from different sources, the positive predictive value increased 8.1% by adding equilibrium terms to 25 local sequence features. Prediction of hybridization affinity using partition functions is now available in the RNAstructure software package.
A numerical model for tracking populations through a time-dependent stochastic network

Abstract Units from a population arrive from an external source in a random or fixed pattern at an initial compartment of a D-compartment, linked, network. Once inside the network, individuals move in a statistically independent manner among compartments, finally entering absorbing compartments from which they never depart. A numerical adaptation of the model is described and demonstrated. The model is compared to the MacArthur-Wilson model of island biogeography with respect to differences in statistics of movements that each model is capable of generating. A numerical example is given.
Strategic Staffing and Small-Firm Performance

Although staffing can be a critical determinant of whether small businesses succeed or fail, there has been less research in this area than might be expected, given the large numbers of such firms. While there has been some research on specific recruiting and selection practices, there has been little attention to the strategic aspects of staffing. We investigated relationships between strategic approaches to staffing and small-firm performance using lagged survey data from 139 founders and owners of small firms. Results indicate that recruiting approaches imitating the practices (processes) of larger businesses are positively related to a perceptual measure of firm performance. Selection approaches stressing a growth orientation are also positively related to firm performance. Finally, founders’ and owners’ perceptions of the strategic importance of human resources moderate the relationship of firm performance with imitative recruiting practices as well as with growth-oriented selection practices. An important contribution of this article is that contextual knowledge facilitates our understanding of the performance implications of staffing practices in small firms
Postoperative Imaging of Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle

Radiographic evaluation of chondral repair is an important component of postoperative care. Imaging can confirm normal postoperative appearance, objectively evaluate progression of healing, and provide early identification of postoperative complications. This article briefly discusses the techniques of chondral repair as they relate to postoperative imaging, imaging techniques to evaluate chondral repair, and the normal and abnormal appearances of tibiotalar chondral repair. We concentrate on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, the mainstay of chondral imaging.
Mutations in theIDH2Gene Encoding the Catalytic Subunit of the Yeast NAD+-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Can Be Suppressed by Mutations in theCIT1Gene Encoding Citrate Synthase and Other Genes of Oxidative Metabolism

Abstract During a screen for respiration competent yeast mutants that were unable to grow with acetate as a carbon source, twoidh2 cit1double mutants were identified. These strains were defective in the catalytic subunit of the NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The strains harboring theidh2alleles from these strains had two unusual phenotypes. First, their growth on many nonfermentable carbon sources was much poorer than strains containing otheridh2mutations. Second, the poor growth phenotype could be suppressed by the presence of mutations inCIT1and other genes encoding oxidative functions. Spontaneous suppressor mutants that restore fast growth on glycerol medium to strains harboring twoidh2alleles were isolated, and a large percentage of the suppressor mutations have been identified within theCIT1gene and at several other loci. Elevated levels of several TCA cycle proteins were observed in theseidh2mutants that were not observed in the presence of suppressingcit1mutations. Citrate and isocitrate concentrations were also elevated in theidh2mutants, but probably not to toxic levels. Fiveidh2alleles were sequenced to understand the defects of the two classes of mutations. Sequence analysis indicated that the poor growth phenotype was caused by the loss of Idh2p protein. Similarly, eightcit1alleles were sequenced to understand their characteristics as glycerol suppressors ofidh2.These and other studies indicate that any mutation withinCIT1was capable of suppressing theidh2mutations. Several models to explain these interactions are discussed.
Goal Achievement, Relationship Building, and Incrementalism: The Challenges of University-Community Partnerships

The University of Illinois at Chicago's Neighborhoods Initiative is used as a case study of how planning occurs in a situation of shared power; what the relationship is between the goals of partici...
DC modulation noise in thin-film magnetic recording disk media

A study of dc modulation noise as a function of magnetic layer thickness has been conducted for plated longitudinal low-noise Co-alloy disk media with a range of 900 to 1100 Oe. The noise, produced by the application of a reverse longitudinal dc field to a uniformly magnetized disk, supplies data regarding the uniformity of the disk. A spectrum analyzer measures the noise by means of electronic detection, and noise spectra and autocorrelation functions calculated with a model are compared to the experimental results. The model correlates with experimental data to more than 0.99. The maximum distance between effective transitions diminishes from 2.8 microns to 1 micron when the thickness of the magnetic layer is increased from 25 nm to 60 nm. The maximum average transition amplitude is found to be independent of thickness, and is bounded by 0.001 of the saturation magnetization.
Course Research: Using the Case Method to Build and Teach Management Theory

Some in the Academy have questioned the usefulness of case studies in teaching sound management theory (Shugan, 2006). Our research and experience suggest exactly the opposite that case studies can unite the development of theory with the teaching of it in a single enterprise we'll call course research. Conclusions such as those that Shugan and others have reached stem from misconceptions about the relationship of research, theory, case studies, and teaching. In fact, the proper use of case studies in teaching can help faculty resolve a basic dilemma of academia: Promotion is often based upon our published research, and we find that responsibilities to teach detract from the mandate to publish. When approached properly, case studies can transform teaching into research, which enrolls students as "course researchers," whose class participation can be exceptionally valuable in the theory-building process.
Coordination Chemistry of New Sulfur Containing Ligands -- 21. Selected Transition Element Complexes of Pyrrole-n-carbothioate: A New Type of Monothiocarbamate Ligand

Abstract Two new monothiocarbamate ligands have been prepared and their coordination chemistry has been investigated. Potassium pyrrole-N-carbothioate, prepared from potassium pyrrolate and COS, is a white, air sensitive solid which reacts with NiBr2 and PdBr2 to yield 2:1 ligand to metal compounds. The Ni compound has been characterized by IR spectroscopic studies as well as a detailed magnetic study. Results show that the Ni(II) compound is a dimer with one paramagnetic and one diamagnetic Ni center. The magnetic moment is 2.53 ± 0.05 B.M. per Ni atom in the range 9.7–66.6 K. The Pd compound of the pyrrole-N-carbothioate ligand is apparently monomeric and four-coordinate. This is the first example of a simple bis-bidentate monothiocarbamate complex of Pd(II). The structure and bonding in these new compounds is discussed in terms of the resonance structures of the ligands. Potassium indoline-N-carbothioate reacts with CuBr2 to yield the disulfide, bis(indolinecarbomoyl)disulfide and copper(I).
Discordance of human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein in testicular teratocarcinomas.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein (αFP) were present in the plasma of three patients with metastatic testicular teratocarcinoma. Initial chemotherapy resulted in the disappearance of the hCG and a decrease in the αFP levels in all three patients. Two of the patients had persistently elevated levels of αFP with undetectable hCG, while the αFP in the third patient decreased to and remained in the normal range despite reemergence of high plasma levels of hCG. The discordant behavior of these two proteins indicates that their cells of origin are probably different. When both hCG and αFP are present in the blood of patients with testicular tumors, each should be followed in order to determine the adequacy of therapy.
A simple approximate sum rule for correlation-state structure in XPS

Abstract We adduce a simple approximate relation for the second moment of the correlation-state structure associated with core ionization by high-energy photons and observed in XPS. The relation follows easily on assumption that the removal of a core electron produces an effect on the remaining electrons which can be described by a perturbation potential. A few simple applications are discussed.
Acid Ceramidase but Not Acid Sphingomyelinase Is Required for Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced PGE2 Production

Sphingolipids are well established effectors of signal transduction downstream of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor. In a previous study, we showed that the sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway couples TNF receptor to induction of the cyclooxygenase 2 gene and prostaglandin synthesis (Pettus, B. J., Bielawski, J., Porcelli, A. M., Reames, D. L., Johnson, K. R., Morrow, J., Chalfant, C. E., Obeid, L. M., and Hannun, Y. A. (2003) FASEB J. 17, 1411-1421). In this study, the requirement for acid sphingomyelinase and sphingomyelin metabolites in the TNFalpha/prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) pathway was investigated. The amphiphilic compound desipramine, a frequently employed inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), blocked PGE(2) production. However, the action of desipramine was independent of its action on ASMase, since neither genetic loss of ASMase (Niemann-Pick fibroblasts) nor knockdown of ASMase using RNA interference affected TNFalpha-induced PGE(2) synthesis. Further investigations revealed that desipramine down-regulated acid ceramidase (AC), but not sphingosine kinase, at the protein level. This resulted in a time-dependent drop in sphingosine and S1P levels. Moreover, exogenous administration of either sphingosine or S1P rescued PGE(2) biosynthesis after desipramine treatment. Interestingly, knockdown of endogenous AC by RNA interference attenuated cyclooxygenase 2 induction by TNFalpha and subsequent PGE(2) biosynthesis. Taken together, these results define a novel role for AC in the TNFalpha/PGE(2) pathway. In addition, the results of this study warrant careful reconsideration of desipramine as a specific inhibitor for ASMase.
Analysis of the random decrement method

Random decrement signatures have been introduced for use in the determination of the frequencies of oscillation, damping ratios and modes of vibration of structural systems from naturally induced vibration data. This paper gives an analysis of the random decrement method and the conditions which must be satisfied in order for the method to yield consistent estimates.
Nurses and Care of Patients at the End of Life: On the ANA Revised Position Statement

Abstract On December 4, 2009, the American Nurses Association (ANA) issued a call for public comment on a revised position statement, "Registered Nurses' Roles and Responsibilities in Providing Expert Care and Counseling at the End of Life." The intent of this new statement is to replace the 1994 position statements on assisted suicide and active euthanasia, which clearly prohibit nurse participation in those activities. The revised position statement subtly endorses assisted suicide. Four main problems in the revised statement are addressed in this essay: a misunderstanding of the principle of double effect, the misuse of sole intent in the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, confusion about the meaning of conscience, and failure to recognize the primacy of human dignity. To date, the ANA's final decision on the revised statement has not been released.
Two-dimensional near-infrared transillumination imaging of biomedical media with a chromium-doped forsterite laser

Transillumination images of objects hidden in normal and cancerous human breast tissues and bovine, porcine, and gallinaceous (chicken) tissues as well as model-random-scattering media were recorded with 1250-nm light from a chromium-doped forsterite laser. A Fourier space gate and a polarization gate were used to sort out image-bearing photons and discriminate against multiply scattered image-blurring photons. Better contrast, higher spatial resolution, and deeper penetration of samples were achieved for imaging with 1250-nm light than those obtained at shorter wavelengths, such as 1064 nm from a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser. Better contrast and higher resolution were also obtained when the object was imaged through normal human breast tissue than through cancerous breast tissue. Images with marked distinction between fatty and fibrous human breast tissues were obtained when the Cr:forsterite laser was tuned to 1225 nm, a wavelength that resonates with an optical absorption band of breast fat tissues. Imaging with linearly polarized light revealed that the image quality depends significantly on the orientation of the polarization of the incident light with respect to the fibers in the bovine tissue.
Efficient mechanisms to provide convoy member and vehicle sequence authentication in VANETs

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are on the verge of deployment. In the near future, wireless vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication will enable numerous safety, convenience, and business applications. Security is a necessary pre-requisite for adoption of these technologies. As we demonstrate in this paper, VANETs require two new security properties: Convoy Member Authentication (CMA) and Vehicle Sequence Authentication (VSA). These security properties detect a range of VANET attacks. We propose novel protocols that provide CMA and VSA. We analyze and evaluate our protocols and conclude that they represent an important step towards enhancing VANET security.
New heterobimetallic compounds derived from [η5-(dimethylphosphino)cyclopentadienyl]-[η7-(dimethylphosphino)cycloheptatrienyl]titanium

Abstract The dimetalation of (η5-C5H5)(η7-C7H7)Ti with n-BuLi/TMEDA produces (η5-C5H4Li)(η5-C5H4Li)(η7-C7H6Li)Ti·2TMEDA (3 in 61% yield as a highly air-sensitive solid. Treatment of 3 with Me2PCl affords (η5-C5H4PMe2(η7-C7H6PMe2)Ti (2) as a highly air-sensitive green solid in 86% yield. Reactions between 2 and M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo) in refluxing xylene result in the formation of chelated heterobimetallic compounds [(η5-C5H4PMe2)(η7-C7H6PMe2Ti]M(CO)4 (M = Cr, 2Mo) in high yields, whereas a reaction between 2 and Fe2(CO)9 under similar conditions yields the non-chelated product [(η5-C5H4PMe2(η7-C7H6PMe2)Ti][Fe(CO)4]2. Treatment of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel with 2 equivalents of 2 in toluene at room temperature results in displacement of both COD ligands and formation of a nickel(0) complex [(η5-C5H4PMe2)(η7-C7H6PMe2)Ti]2Ni in 78% yield. The 1H and 31P NMR spectra of these new heterobimetallics have been studied in detail. The crystal structure of [(η5-C5H4PMe2)(η7-C7H6PMe2)Ti]Cr(CO)4 (4) has been determined. It crystallizes in Pn21a with a = 16.603(9). b = 24.674(9), c = 10.887(3) A, and Dcalc = 1.45 g cm−3 for Z = 8. The two independent molecules differ by the relative twist of the ring carbon atoms carrying the phosphine ligands. Average parameters include TiC(η7 = 2.19(2) A, TiC(η5 = 2.31(1) A, Cent-Ti-Cent = 175.8°, Cr = 2.39(1) A.
Use of antipeptide antibodies to probe the catalytic activity of p37v-mos.

Abstract Several site-directed antipeptide antibodies were generated to probe the kinase function of p37 v-mos . Anti- mos (3755) antibodies allowed autophosphorylation of p37 v-mos , as well as transphosphorylation of exogenously added purified bovine vimentin. Rabbit antipeptide antibodies against v- mos residues 158–170, 194–206, 260–271, and 363–374 and a mouse monoclonal antibody against residues 344–359 completely inhibited p37 v-mos protein kinase activity in vitro . p37 v-mos autophosphorylation and vimentin transphosphorylation were affected similarly. These results suggest important roles for insert and the carboxy-terminal domains in the catalytic activity of p37 v-mos .
Implementation of actuators for the independent modal space control scheme

The Independent Modal Space Control (IMSC) method avoids control spillover generated by conventional control schemes such as Coupled Model Control (CMC) by decoupling the large flexible space structure into independent subsystems of second order and controlling each mode independently. The IMSC implementation requires that the number of actuators be equal to that of modeled modes, which is in general very huge. Consequently the number of required actuators is unrealizable. In this paper, two methods are proposed for the implementation of IMSC with a reduced number of actuators. In the first method, the first m modes are optimized, leaving the last (n − m) modes unchanged. In the second method, generalized inverse matrices are employed to design the feedback controller so that the control scheme is suboptimal with respect to IMSC. The performance of the proposed methods is tested by performing computer simulation on a simply supported beam. Simulation results will be presented and discussed.
Acute effects of salbutamol on arteriolar vasodilatation and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Abstract The acute effects of salbutamol, a β 2 agonist, on arteriolar vasodilatation and blood pressure were studied in WKY and SHR rats. The cremaster muscle was prepared for in vivo microscopy and the femoral artery cannulated for administration of salbutamol (0.001- to 4.0-μg doses). Systemic mean arterial pressures were measured from the carotid artery. Changes in arteriolar diameter were recorded on videotape and analyzed using variable resistance calipers to trace the changes in diameter. In both WKYs and SHRs salbutamol induced dose-dependent vasodilatations, the magnitudes of which were inversely related to the resting diameter. Among arterioles 35 μm or less in diameter, the SHRs exhibited significantly greater percentage vasodilatations. Vasodilatation among arterioles greater than 35 μm was strongly attenuated at all doses in both WKYs and SHRs. These vasodilatory responses were accompanied by dose-dependent decreases in the mean arterial pressure. At all doses the absolute pressure drop was greater in the SHR, although the percentage decreases were similar. Both the vasodilatations and blood pressure decreases were blocked by propranolol. This enhanced vasodilatory capacity to β 2 stimulation by the smaller SHR arterioles may serve as part of a compensatory mechanism to maintain sufficient blood flow regulation in the face of a reduced vascular density.
No Magic Answers

This chapter discusses what technology will not do for higher education and also what it has the potential to provide.
Radiation-induced sterility in Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Recovery of fertility during five generations after gamma irradiation☆

Abstract Male Ephestia cautella were exposed to 0, 10, 20 or 30 krad of gamma irradiation and mated with untreated females. There were no offspring from males treated at 30 krad. Some of the offspring from the other three treatments were paired and the remainder paired with untreated adults of the opposite sex. This procedure was repeated for a further five generations for all the lines that yielded offspring, no further individuals being irradiated. Data on the reproductive behaviour of control males and their progeny through five generations were statistically homogeneous between generations. The offspring of the irradiated males were predominantly male, but this became less marked in the succeeding generations from those irradiated at 10 krad, and more or less disappeared by the fourth. Sex ratio distortion appeared to be correlated with reduced reproductive rate. A partially sterilizing dosage of 20 krad given to the male E. cautella parents induced complete sterility in their first progeny. The practical significance of radiation-induced inherited sterility to control or suppress the moth is further discussed.
A review of Soviet data on the peaceful uses of nuclear explosions

Over the past several years through a series of international meetings sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and in a number of publications (AEC-tr-7121, 1969; Kedrovskiy, 1970; Kedrovskiy et al., 1970; Kedrovskiy et al., 1971), the Soviet Union has disclosed that they have a very active program for developing peaceful uses of nuclear explosions (PNE) in their national economy. They have described the results of 16 experimental and industrial explosions designed to develop nine different applications in the petroleum, gas, and minerals industries, as well as for water resources development. However, when one considers the large number of large unidentified seismic events that have been reported over the last seven years in areas of the Soviet Union outside the normal nuclear-weapons test areas, it is obvious that they have an even more active program than they have publicly described, one that must be approaching a routine industrial technology in some areas. In this paper, the PNE program that the Soviets have publicly discussed in various reports and at various meetings is summarized and, when appropriate, compared with data from the U.S. Plowshare Program.