cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal components of American pika habitat—How does a small lagomorph encounter climate?

ABSTRACT Anticipating the response of small mammals to climate change requires knowledge of thermal conditions of their habitat during times of the day and year when individuals use them. We measured diurnal and seasonal temperatures of free air and of six habitat components for American pikas (Ochotona princeps) over five years at 37 sites in seven mountain ranges in the western Great Basin, United States. Talus matrices (subsurfaces) had low daily variances and, in the warm season, remained cool during the hottest times of the day relative to surfaces and free air. During winter, matrices were warmer than free air. Talus surfaces were warmer than free air in the warm and cold seasons, and had large daily variances. Summer forefield and dispersal environments were warmest of all habitat components. Talus surfaces in summer were highly responsive to solar radiation over the course of the day, warming quickly to high midday temperatures, and cooling rapidly in the evening. By contrast, matrices lagged the ...
The effects of tuberculosis prevention and control using the “trinity” mode in Bengbu

Objective To analyze the effects of the "trinity" model used for the tuberculosis control,and provide scientific basis for the application of the new method.Method The implementation of the "trinity " mode for tuberculosis control from 2009 to 2011 was analyzed.Result A total of 1481 cases of new active pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled in the past 3 years,including 863 new smear-positive patients.The detection rate,overall rate of successful referral,systems management rate and recovery rate of tuberculosis patients increased year by year.Conclusion Model of the "trinity " tuberculosis control system is feasible and is worthy to be popularized.
Interaction Of α-actinin, filamin and tropomyosin with F-actin☆

Abstract The abilities of α-actinin, filamin and tropomyosin to bind F-actin were examined by cosedimentation experiments. Results indicated that smooth muscle α-actinin and filamin can bind to actin filaments simultaneously with little evidence of competition. In contrast, tropomyosin exhibits marked competition with either filamin or α-actinin for sites on actin filaments.
Divisions and Comminglings: Emanations and Spectres

The concept of emanations and spectres, like the concept of children as aspects of their father’s personality, becomes fully manifest in Blake’s late works, but is also discernible earlier. The term ‘emanation’ arises first in The Four Zoas, and though ‘spectre’ is used in The French Revolution, America and Europe, it can be taken in those early appearances to mean simply a threatening ghost. However, Enitharmon before she is called an emanation shows characteristics which will later belong to emanations, and the early uses of the word ‘spectre’ in the illuminated books contain hints of the word’s future uniquely Blakean meaning. In The First Book of Urizen, Enitharmon is ‘born’ from Los; she emerges from him as a globe of blood and as she grows into ‘the first female form now separate’, she is named for Los’s ‘Pity’ which she personifies, and which precipitated her creation (BU 12–17). She is an aspect of Los which divides from him in pain and gore. In America, the spectre is also associated with blood, spherical shapes and multiplication by splitting or rending: ‘The terror’ is described as: like a comet, or more like the planet red That once inclos’d the terrible wandering comets in its sphere. Then Mars thou wast our center, & the planets three flew round Thy crimson disk; so e’er the Sun was rent from thy red sphere; The Spectre glowd his horrid length staining the temple long With beams of blood. (7:2–7)
A Brief Review of the Results on Approximation of Stochastic Invariant Manifolds

For the convenience of references in later chapters, we briefly review in this chapter the main results obtained in Volume I [41] regarding the leading-order approximations of local stochastic critical manifolds and local stochastic hyperbolic manifolds. The interested readers are referred to [41, Chap. 6] and [41, Chap. 7] for more details. A pullback characterization of these approximation formulas will be presented in Sect. 4.1 of the present volume.
Transport of Small Organisms in Moving Air

Our concern about a pest and even the survival of that species depends upon its ability to move. If it doesn’t invade our crops, our houses or ourselves, our concern may never be great. Without the ability to move, the species could not occupy new space, and thus it would be at the mercy of changing environments. The swiftest route is through the air, and increasingly, we learn that the route is set by meterological as well as biological influences.
Evaluation of the effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy dogs after a single dose and at steady‐state

The aim of the study was to describe the effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy dogs when investigated as a single dose and at steady-state. Five healthy adult dogs were used in the study in a crossover design receiving either 5 mg/kg of cyclosporin A (CsA) alone or 5 mg/kg of fluconazole with 2.5 mg/kg of cyclosporin A (CsA/Flu) for 35 days. Pharmacokinetic curves were performed on day 1 and day 35 in addition to sampling trough and suspected peak concentrations (C2) twice weekly with LC/MS/MS. There was no statistically significant difference noted in any pharmacokinetic value (AUC0-inf. [day 1, P = 0.225], AUCtau [day 35, P = 0.225], t½ [day 1, P = 0.279; day 35, P = 0.686], and Cmax [day 1, P = 0.225; day 35, P = 0.225]) between the treatment groups by sampling day. There was a statistically significant increase in AUC (CsA P = 0.043; CsA/Flu P = 0.043) and t½ (CsA P = 0.042, CsA/Flu P = 0.042) over time within each group. There were no significant differences in the Cmax (CsA P = 0.08; CsA/Flu P = 0.08) when comparing day 1 vs. day 35. Steady-state cyclosporine concentrations were achieved by day 10 in both groups. Subjectively, individual variability was noted among the dogs and a much larger sample size would be beneficial in a future study.
An Endoperoxide Reactivity-Based FRET Probe for Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging of Labile Iron Pools in Living Cells

Iron is essential for sustaining life, as its ability to cycle between multiple oxidation states is critical for catalyzing chemical transformations in biological systems. However, without proper regulation, this same redox capacity can trigger oxidative stress events that contribute to aging along with diseases ranging from cancer to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite its importance, methods for monitoring biological iron bound weakly to cellular ligands-the labile iron pool-to generate a response that preserves spatial and temporal information remain limited, owing to the potent fluorescence quenching ability of iron. We report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of FRET Iron Probe 1 (FIP-1), a reactivity-based probe that enables ratiometric fluorescence imaging of labile iron pools in living systems. Inspired by antimalarial natural products and related therapeutics, FIP-1 links two fluorophores (fluorescein and Cy3) through an Fe(II)-cleavable endoperoxide bridge, where Fe(II)-triggered peroxide cleavage leads to a decrease in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the fluorescein donor to Cy3 acceptor by splitting these two dyes into separate fragments. FIP-1 responds to Fe(II) in aqueous buffer with selectivity over competing metal ions and is capable of detecting changes in labile iron pools within living cells with iron supplementation and/or depletion. Moreover, application of FIP-1 to a model of ferroptosis reveals a change in labile iron pools during this form of cell death, providing a starting point to study iron signaling in living systems.
What's the Rush? Tort Laws and Elective Early-term Induction of Labor.

Tort laws aim to deter risky medical practices and increase accountability for harm. This research examines their effects on deterrence of a high-risk obstetric practice in the United States: elect...
Editorial: Issues of Our Time on The Help

"Issues of Our Time" is an exciting new section of JENdA: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies that is devoted to a prompt and timely analysis of pressing issues of national or international concern by scholars, activists, and intellectuals. The inaugural "Issues of Our Time" contains critical reactions and perspectives on the film, The Help, which is based on the best-selling book by Kathryn Stockett. The book was adapted into film by her friend, Tate Taylor, who also directed and wrote the screenplay. The film stars Viola Davis, Emma Stone, Octavia Spencer and others. The editorial is free. To read the editorial, create an account on JENdA to access it.
A feasibility study of arrhythmia risk prediction in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved ejection fraction.

Aim To predict arrhythmia susceptibility in myocardial infarction (MI) patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >35% using a personalized virtual heart simulation approach. Methods and results A total of four contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets of patient hearts with MI and average LVEF of 44.0 ± 2.6% were used in this study. Because of the preserved LVEF, the patients were not indicated for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) insertion. One patient had spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) prior to the MRI scan; the others had no arrhythmic events. Simulations of arrhythmia susceptibility were blind to clinical outcome. Models were constructed from patient MRI images segmented to identify myocardium, grey zone, and scar based on pixel intensity. Grey zone was modelled as having altered electrophysiology. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) was performed to assess VT inducibility from 19 bi-ventricular sites in each heart model. Simulations successfully predicted arrhythmia risk in all four patients. For the patient with arrhythmic event, in-silico PES resulted in VT induction. Simulations correctly predicted that VT was non-inducible for the three patients with no recorded VT events. Conclusions Results demonstrate that the personalized virtual heart simulation approach may provide a novel risk stratification modality to non-invasively and effectively identify patients with LVEF >35% who could benefit from ICD implantation.
The Current and Potential Role of Crime Analysts in Evaluations of Police Interventions: Results From a Survey of the International Association of Crime Analysts:

Crime analysts play a pivotal role in evidence-based policing by readily diagnosing the nature of crime and disorder problems. Such analysis products are key in the design of evidence-based strategies. The role of analysts in the subsequent process of evidence-based policing, the evaluation of programs to determine what works, is less known. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature through a survey of the International Association of Crime Analyst Membership. Findings suggest that program evaluation lies on the periphery of the crime analysis profession. Across all measures incorporated in this study, program evaluation was emphasized less than all other crime analysis functions. Findings of logistic regression models further suggest that, for the most part, no specific factors are associated with increased levels of program evaluation experience. We conclude with a discussion of how crime analysts can become more involved in evaluations of police programs and strategies.
Long-term abstinence and predictors of tobacco treatment uptake among hospitalized smokers with serious mental illness enrolled in a smoking cessation trial

Hospital patients with serious mental illness (SMI) have high rates of smoking. There are few post-discharge treatment models available for this population and limited research on their treatment uptake following discharge. This study is a secondary analysis of an RCT that compared multi-session intensive telephone counseling versus referral to state quitline counseling at two safety net hospitals in New York City. For this analysis, we selected all trial participants with a history of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder (N = 384) and used multivariable logistic regression to compare groups on self-reported 30-day abstinence at 6 months and to identify patient factors associated with use of tobacco treatment. Analyses found no significant group differences in abstinence 6 months (28% quitline vs. 29% intervention, p > 0.05), use of cessation medications (42% quitline vs. 47% intervention, p > 0.05) or receipt of at least one counseling call (47% quitline vs. 42% intervention, p > 0.05). Patients with hazardous drinking (p = 0.04) or perceived good health (p = 0.03) were less likely to use cessation medications. Homeless patients were less likely to use counseling (p = 0.02). Most patients did not use cessation treatment after discharge, and the intensive intervention did not improve abstinence rates over quitline referral. Interventions are needed to improve use of cessation treatment and long-term abstinence in patients with SMI.
Mapping of 1-MHz, 45° Longitudinal-Wave Fields in Centrifugally Cast Stainless Steel

The distortion incurred by an ultrasonic field when propagating through coarse-microstructured materials was of interest. To perform an effective and reliable ultrasonic inspection, the ultrasonic field should be both spatially coherent (i.e., the field is not partitioned into multiple wave fronts traveling to different locations) and stable (i.e., field parameters such as effective refracted angle and field position do not vary sufficiently to make an inspection unreliable). Previous work indicated that the sound field emitted by a 1-MHz, 45°, longitudinal-wave probe with a 38-mm diameter transducer maintained spatial coherency while propagating through the pure microstructural forms of centrifugally cast stainless steel (CCSS) [1,2]. This analysis was extended to the mixed microstructural modes of CCSS. Furthermore, the variation of field distortion incurred by propagating through a selected microstructure was investigated by acquiring field maps from different material volumes of the same microstructural classification. To accurately map the ultrasonic field, an improved technique was used so that receiver directivity maintained a ± 1 dB sensitivity over a broad angular range centered about 45°.
The ribosome moves: RNA mechanics and translocation

During protein synthesis, mRNA and tRNAs must be moved rapidly through the ribosome while maintaining the translational reading frame. This process is coupled to large- and small-scale conformational rearrangements in the ribosome, mainly in its rRNA. The free energy from peptide-bond formation and GTP hydrolysis is probably used to impose directionality on those movements. We propose that the free energy is coupled to two pawls, namely tRNA and EF-G, which enable two ratchet mechanisms to act separately and sequentially on the two ribosomal subunits.
Insight into natural biopolymer-emulsified solid lipid nanoparticles for encapsulation of curcumin: Effect of loading methods

Abstract Encapsulation of lipophilic bioactives into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) has been a promising approach to incorporate them into functional foods with attempt to improve bioavailability. Nevertheless, how these bioactives should be loaded into the lipid core have never been systematically studied before. Thus, in the present study, biopolymer-emulsified SLNs were prepared using a recently developed synthetic surfactant-free technique, and four different loading methods were tested for their efficacy to encapsulate curcumin into SLNs. Sodium caseinate (NaCas) and pectin were used as natural emulsifier and stabilizer, respectively, to prepare food-grade SLNs using stearic acid. Four loading methods varied in the use of organic solvent, and the order of critical steps including addition of curcumin and solid lipids, deprotonation of NaCas at pH 12, as well as pectin adsorption at pH 4. The resulting four types of curcumin-loaded SLNs were subject to comprehensive characterization, such as measurement of particle size, polydispersibility, zeta potential, stability test in simulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, antioxidant activities of encapsulated curcumin, as well as morphological observation under transmission electron microscopy. Nano spray drying technology was then exploited to obtain ultrafine powders from colloidal SLNs and their redispersibility in water was also evaluated. Our results suggested that solubilization of curcumin in deprotonated NaCas was a better approach than using organic solvent which resulted in large and aggregated SLNs. Furthermore, mixing curcumin with deprotonated NaCas and then adding melted lipid and pectin at pH 12 before emulsification were the two critical steps in fabricating uniform and small SLNs that were GI-stable and re-dispersible in water after spray drying. This study provides insight into the preparation of natural biopolymer-emulsified SLNs as a potential food-grade oral delivery system for lipophilic bioactives.
Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment

Because of its course at the head of the fibula, the peroneal nerve and its branches are subject to various forms of entrapment, each having relatively specific symptomatology. Because of the superficial position of the nerve resting on the underlying bone, the common peroneal nerve is vulnerable to entrapment with numerous etiologic factors (Fig. 23). Peroneal nerve entrapment may involve either the superficial peroneal nerve, the deep division, or the common trunk, each of which will be dealt with separately.
NASA's Space Launch System: Progress Toward Unmatched Exploration Capability

The Space Launch System (SLS) Program delivered the first element of the exploration-class rocket and completed manufacturing of all major structural elements in 2017. The Program continues component integration and testing in 2018 in preparation for the inaugural launch of NASA's new deep space exploration system in fiscal year 2020. SLS represents a new strategic national capability designed for the most challenging human and robotic exploration and is engineered for overall mission success. This paper will discuss the technical and programmatic successes and challenges of the past year and look ahead to plans for 2018 and 2019.
Seismicity of the Teton and Southern Yellowstone Fault Systems

Two summer field seasons of microearthquake monitoring in the Teton and Southern Yellowstone regions have been carried out in an attempt to define the seismicity of the area. Prior to this survey, only limited monitoring of the northern Jackson Hole and Mt. Leidy Highlands areas (Smith, Pelton and Love, 1977; Smith and others, 1977) had been conducted.
A Demonstrative Overview of Photovoltaic Systems Faults

The faults occurring in any industrial systems affects its performance. Moreover, the knowing of the photovoltaic systems faults is a key task for insuring the PV system reliability and good operation. This paper reviews the different defects of the components of photovoltaic (PV) systems such as EVA discoloration, delamination, busbar oxidation and corrosion, antireflection coating degradation, glass breakage, bypass and blocking diodes failure, junction box failure, failures of electronic components, snail tracks, hot spot, arc fault Line-to-line fault, ground fault, partial shading and dust accumulation, focusing on the photovoltaic modules defects presentation which are the sensitive component in this chain. In order to give useful brief information about PV system faults for the interested readers and scientific researchers
The Principles Underlying Scientific Method

But the way to answer Flew’s challenge is to show that Theism is confirmable in principle. In fact it is confirmed in practice. In Part II I have already indicated the kind of evidence which may be regarded as confirming Theism, however, that was done without first providing a basic clarification of elementary confirmation theory, which I propose to do here. I need not enter into any of the more elaborate aspects of scientific methodology. I am not going to say anything about degrees of confirmation nor much about the question in what circumstances a hypothesis is to be accepted as true. All I wish to discuss is the general circumstances under which a given piece of evidence E may be said to raise the credibility of hypothesis H relative to its contradictory or contrary to a level higher than it would have been in the absence of E. I shall be dealing with two elementary principles to be called Principle A and Principle E. I shall begin with the latter.
The Use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Literature

Background: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a form of behavioral therapy that teaches people to learn to accept rather than avoid challenging situations in their lives. ACT has shown to be an intervention with great success in the reduction of various mental disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs). The core of ACT when used in SUD treatment is guiding people to accept the urges and symptoms associated with substance misuse (acceptance) and use psychological flexibility and value-based interventions to reduce those urges and the symptoms (commitment). The purpose of this study is to review the existing literature to examine the evidence on the use of ACT in the management of SUD. Methods: A thorough search of four databases (CINAHL, PubMed.gov, PsycINFO and PsycNET) from 2011 to 2020 was conducted using search terms like ACT, ACT and SUD, ACT, and substance misuse. The articles retrieved were critically appraised using the Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) Checklist. Results: Most of the studies showed that ACT was effective in the management of SUD showing significant evidence of a reduction in substance use or total discontinuation with subsequent abstinence. Conclusions: The literature review concluded that success has been achieved using ACT either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapy in the treatment of individuals with SUD. J Clin Med Res. 2020;12(10):629-633 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4311
Psychosocial and health behavioural impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on adults in the USA: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study.

Introduction Although social distancing may help contain the spread of COVID-19, the social isolation and loneliness it causes can heighten stress, contribute to unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and have deleterious effects on social relationships. This ongoing longitudinal cohort study aims to (1) characterise the psychological, social and health behavioural impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic over a 12-month period in the USA; (2) determine whether these impacts differ for certain subgroups based on sociodemographics and other individual-level factors; and (3) explore whether there are modifiable factors (eg, coping, social support) that moderate the effects of the pandemic over time. Methods and analysis Adults (aged ≥18 years) who were fluent in either English or Spanish were recruited via social media and invited to complete an online survey during the 8-week period from 13 April to 8 June 2020 (baseline). Follow-up surveys will be conducted 6 and 12 months after baseline. Data transformations, non-parametric tests or other alternative methods will be used when appropriate. Descriptive statistics and cross-sectional analyses will be performed. Longitudinal associations will be analysed using multilevel modelling with time-variant and time-invariant predictors of change in trajectory over the study period. Ethics and dissemination Research ethics approval was received from the Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Board (H-47505). Overall, this study will provide timely information that can be used to inform public health messaging strategies and guide development of assessment tools and interventions to support vulnerable individuals dealing with the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Estimation of delamination contact resistance in composites

A key composite delamination characteristic that determines thermographic detectability is the extent to which it blocks the flow of heat from one ply to an adjacent ply. A measure of this heat flow barrier is the contact resistance which is proportional to gap spacing between the two plies. From thermographic data acquired on a composite with delaminations and a three-dimensional simulation of the heat flow in a delaminated composite based on computed tomography characterization of the delaminations, a delamination contact resistance map is estimated. The contact resistance values are smaller than expected based on the gap spacing estimated from computed tomography data. A model is presented that assumes there are small variations in the gap spacing which are not captured by the computed tomography. This model indicates if there is sufficient variation in the gap spacing, the contact resistance is significantly smaller than a value obtained from the average gap spacing. The contact resistances calculated from different amplitudes of the variations are compared to the estimates of contact resistance from experimental data.
The essential p-dimension of finite simple groups of Lie type

In this paper, we compute the essential p-dimension of the finite simple groups of classical Lie type at the defining prime, specifically the simple groups arising from the linear groups, the symplectic groups, the orthogonal groups, and the unitary groups
Population Fluctuations of Diaphorina citri and Its Natural Enemies in Response to Various Management Practices in Florida

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a serious threat to citrus production because it transmits the bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Jagoueix (Hyphomicrobiales: Rhizobiaceae), that causes huanglongbing. Currently, there is no cure for huanglongbing, and vector management is implemented to reduce the spread of pathogen. In Florida, calendar-based insecticide application had been used widely for D. citri management, but the evolution of insecticide resistance in D. citri and associated reductions of natural enemy populations mandate more sustainable approaches. The objective of our study was to compare the effects of organic management versus intermittent use of conventional insecticides on population suppression of D. citri by natural enemies in Florida. We conducted a survey of natural enemies in citrus groves that were managed organically versus intermittently treated with conventional insecticides from Mar to Dec 2019. We also compared mortality of D. citri in those groves by deploying sentinel psyllids on leaf flush with or without exclusion cages. The abundance of natural enemies was recorded by visual observations made on tree branches for 2 min intervals. Finally, we estimated tree flush density and monitored adult D. citri populations. Survival of sentinel D. citri was significantly lower on uncaged flush when natural enemies had access to eggs and nymphs during spring, summer, and fall in organic groves; however, such a difference was not observed between caged and uncaged D. citri in intermittently sprayed groves, particularly during summer and fall. Similarly, organic sites had lower numbers of adult D. citri compared to intermittently sprayed sites throughout most of the sampling period, suggesting that natural enemies contributed to regulation of D. citri populations in organic groves more so than in the intermittently treated conventional groves. The most common natural enemies found were Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Formicidae, Eulophidae, Syrphidae, Dolichopodidae, and Arachnida. Among these groups, formicids were most abundant in organic groves, whereas dolichopodids and coccinellids were most abundant in intermittently managed groves. Our results suggest that intermittent spraying for D. citri with conventional insecticides could affect activity of natural enemies even though such practices did not entirely eliminate their populations.
Quantitative Characterization of Chick Thymus and Bursa Development

1. Critical size analysis of the lymphoid cell populations of the developing chick bursa of Fabricius and thymus indicates that characteristic shifts in cell size distribution, modal cell volume and mean cell volume occur during morphogenesis of these organs. 2. Comparison of bursa and thymus shows that while there are clear differences between the lymphoid cells of these two structures, the pattern of morphogenetic change is similar. 3. 19-nortestosterone injected in low doses can partially inhibit bursal development without affecting thymus morphogenesis. Depending on the age of the embryo at time of injection, however, doses sufficient to produce complete bursal inhibition may also retard thymic morphogenesis. 4. The size differences found between bursal and thymic lymphocytes in the chicken parallel the size differences found between lymph node and thymic lymphocytes in the mouse.
Cultural Impressions of Professionalism

Two studies with working managers and corporate recruiters examined evidence that impressions of professionalism are influenced by cues of whether one appropriately minimizes personal referents at work, particularly within certain industrialized cultures. Study 1 showed that proportion of office objects symbolic of one's personal life differentiated the mental image of a professional versus unprofessional worker. This effect was moderated by experience living in the U.S., suggesting this standard for professionalism may be culturally bounded. Study 2 showed that for American but not foreign job candidates, adherence to this minimization ideology led to more favorable recruiting evaluations. Implications for cultural imprints on organizational dynamics are discussed.
Fast Monte-Carlo algorithms for approximate matrix multiplication

Given an m ? n matrix A and an n ? p matrix B, we present 2 simple and intuitive algorithms to compute an approximation P to the product A ? B, with provable bounds for the norm of the "error matrix" P - A ? B. Both algorithms run in 0(mp+mn+np) time. In both algorithms, we randomly pick s = 0(1) columns of A to form an m ? s matrix S and the corresponding rows of B to form an s ? p matrix R. After scaling the columns of S and the rows of R, we multiply them together to obtain our approximation P. The choice of the probability distribution we use for picking the columns of A and the scaling are the crucial features which enable us to fairly elementary proofs of the error bounds. Our first algorithm can be implemented without storing the matrices A and B in Random Access Memory, provided we can make two passes through the matrices (stored in external memory). The second algorithm has a smaller bound on the 2-norm of the error matrix, but requires storage of A and B in RAM. We also present a fast algorithm that "describes" P as a sum of rank one matrices if B = AT.
Fuel Cell Power Plants

The sections in this article are 1 Fuel Cell Technology 2 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells Status 3 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells Status 4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Status 5 Networks 6 High-Efficiency Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Systems 7 The World Power Market 8 The Changing Face of Electricity Generation 9 Specific Fuel Cell Attributes and Market Applications 10 International Market Applications
Relationship of Resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi (race 2) and M. hapla in Alfalfa.

In the Pacific Northwest, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is host to two species of root-knot nematodes, including race 2 of the Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) and the northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla). In addition to the damage caused to alfalfa itself by M. hapla, alfalfa’s host status to both species leaves large numbers of nematodes available to damage rotation crops, of which potato is the most important. A nematode-resistant alfalfa germplasm release, W12SR2W1, was challenged with both nematode species, to determine the correlation, if any, of resistance to nematode reproduction. Thirty genotypes were screened in replicated tests with M. chitwoodi race 2 or M. hapla, and the reproductive factor (RF) was calculated. The distribution of natural log-transformed RF values was skewed for both nematode species, but more particularly for M. chitwoodi race 2, where more than half the genotypes screened were non-hosts. Approximately 30 percent of genotypes were non-hosts or very poor hosts of M. hapla, but RF values for M. hapla on susceptible genotypes were generally much higher than RF values for genotypes susceptible to M. chitwoodi race 2. The Spearman rank correlation was positive (0.52) and significant (p-value = 0.003), indicating there is some relationship between resistance to these two species of root-knot nematode in alfalfa. However the relationship is not strong enough to suggest genetic loci for resistance are identical, or closely linked. Breeding for resistance or immunity will require screening with each species separately, or with different DNA markers if marker-assisted breeding is pursued. A number of genotypes were identified which are non-hosts to both species. These plants will be intercrossed to develop a non-host germplasm.
Patient-Reported Outcomes: Descriptors of Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain and Barriers to Effective Pain Management in Adult Outpatients with Sickle Cell Disease

Despite frequent episodes of severe recurrent pain in sickle cell disease (SCD), sensory pain in outpatient adults with SCD lacks sufficient characterization. Furthermore, pivotal barriers may interfere with these patients' adherence to prescribed analgesic therapies but have not been studied systematically. We describe sensory pain characteristics, barriers, and analgesic use reported by adults with SCD during routine clinic visits. Patients (N = 145; 67% female, 94% African American) completed measures on a pen-tablet computer. Patients reported an average of 3.6 ± 2.3 pain sites; mean current pain intensity (3.3 ± 3.2), least (3.0 ± 2.7) and worst (4.9 ± 3.5) pain intensity in 24 hours on a 0 to 10 scale, multiple neuropathic (4.5 ± 3.4, 8.3% selected none) and nociceptive (6.8±4.0) pain descriptors, and continuous pain pattern (59%). Their mean pain barriers score was 2.2 ± 0.9, and 33% were dissatisfied with their pain levels. Only 14% reported taking at least 1 adjuvant drug, 82% were taking nonopioids, 85% step 2 opioids, and 65% step 3 opioids. Patients reported using, on average, 4.9 ± 2.7 analgesics. Their pain barriers scores were similar to or greater than people with cancer. Importantly, their pain may be both nociceptive and neuropathic, contrary to common expectations that SCD pain is only nociceptive. Few patients, however, took drugs effective for neuropathic pain.
Integrating the Personal Software Process (PSP) across the undergraduate curriculum

This paper summaries some Embry-Riddle University activities on the incorporation of Watts Humphrey's Personal Software Process (PSP) throughout the undergraduate computer science curriculum. This paper includes a description of the project's objectives, a discussion of the activities engaged in by students, an explanation of how the activities were integrated into the curriculum, a description of the data collected and an assessment of the impact and value of the project. Finally ideas about modification and extension of the project's concepts are presented.
Reversible inactivation of monkey superior colliculus. I. Curvature of saccadic trajectory.

Aizawa, Hiroshi and Robert H. Wurtz. Reversible inactivation of monkey superior colliculus. I. Curvature of saccadic trajectory. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2082–2096, 1998. The neurons in the intermediat...
House Search Duration in Hot and Cold Residential Markets

This study analyzes the determinants of house search duration of consumption-driven buyers and individual investors in different housing market environments. We use data from surveys of recent house-buyers in “hot” and “cold” housing markets in the 2000s housing bubble in California characterized by rising and declining residential house prices, respectively. The average house price and the surveyed geographical area are the same for both periods. Expected house ownership horizon is shown to be an important determinant of the realized search duration in addition to commonly considered housing and buyer characteristics. We find a statistically significant positive effect of it on the time until purchase in both housing price environments for consumption-driven buyers. We also find that consumption-driven house purchases were highly pronounced in coastal areas in the hot market and inland areas in the cold market. In contrast, long-horizon investment activity leads that of consumption activity in those areas. Short-horizon investors, on the other hand, concentrated their house search activity in inland areas in both housing market environments.
Expanding the Scope of Dual Diagnosis and Co-Addictions: Behavioral Addictions

ABSTRACT Addiction treatment providers are well aware that substance addictions routinely co-occur with psychiatric disorders and other substance addictions. The effectiveness of group treatment requires that all co-occurring disorders be identified. Practitioners tend to overlook the behavioral addictions that accompany substance-based and psychiatric disorders. This article provides a comprehensive overview of epidemiological data on behavioral addictions as they co-occur with substance addictions, psychiatric disorders, and other behavioral addictions. The major implications of this knowledge for the assessment and treatment of addictions are discussed.
Prediction of H‐ion activity of two‐component potting media from analysis of components

Abstract A mathematical equation which predicts H‐ion activity (HA) of container media from laboratory analysis of components was devised and tested. The equation is based on the weighted sum of HA contributed by each component. Both measured and predicted HA increased linearly with increasing volume percent bark in milled pine bark‐sand media. Regression equations describing measured and predicted HA were not statistically different. The predictive equation was also tested on other 2‐component potting mixtures with no statistical differences occurring between measured and predicted HA. Measured pH and pH values derived from the HA predictive equation were in close agreement.
Distributed Micro Fuel Injection for Improved Premixing: Lean Blowout, Emissions, and Dynamics

Reduction in NOx are generally obtained by lowering the flame temperature and locally improving the homogeneity of the reacting mixture. In this study, a novel premixer, the Micro Fuel Injection Swirler (MFIS) has been developed and manufactured to provide efficient and rapid mixing through distributed fuel injection, grid generated turbulence and countercurrent shear flow. The MFIS uses a circular array of porous swirl-panels that are hollow for micro scale distributed fuel injection. The fuel is introduced at multiple locations perpendicular to the plane of each swirl vane and countercurrent to the oncoming stream of air. The opposed injection enhances mixing, the porous-swirler grid introduces small-scale turbulence that further promotes mixing, and the swirl-panels provide the needed swirl for flame stability. Combustion tests were run in a cylindrical combustion chamber with inlet conditions at standard temperature (300K) and pressure (1 atm), and at firing rates of 10–58 kW. Measured parameters included lean blowout limits, flame temperature, NOx emissions, heat release rate (represented by CH light emission), and the pressure fluctuations upstream and downstream of the dump plane. The MFIS was located just upstream of the dump plane. In addition, a standard 8 vane, 45 degree solid swirler (SS) with fuel injection considerably upstream, was tested to provide a benchmark comparison. Combustion results indicated that the MFIS was capable of achieving lower equivalence ratios at lean blowout compared to the solid swirler cases tested. At a set thermal load, the MFIS produced higher flame temperatures, higher heat release rates near the dump plane, and comparable NOx emissions to the solid swirler cases. At equivalent operating temperatures, the MFIS produced nearly equal NOx emissions compared to the perfectly premixed solid swirler case in which fuel was injected far upstream of the dump plane. In summary, the MFIS was capable of providing efficient air/fuel mixing over a short premixing distance, affirming its effectiveness in lean premixed combustion systems.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Investigating non-Gaussian scattering processes by using nth-order intensity correlation functions

Dynamic light-scattering techniques provide noninvasive probes of diverse media, such as colloidal suspensions, granular materials, or foams. In homodyne photon correlation spectroscopy, the dynamical properties of the medium are extracted from the intensity autocorrelation g(2)(τ) of the scattered light by means of the Siegert relation g(2)(τ)=1+|〈E(0)E*(τ)〉|2/〈EE*〉2. This approach is unfortunately limited to systems where the electric field is a Gaussian random variable and thus breaks down when the scattering sites are few or correlated. We propose to extend the traditional analysis by introducing intensity correlation functions g(n) of higher order, which allow us both to detect non-Gaussian scattering processes and to extract information not available in g(2) alone. The g(n) are experimentally measured by a combination of a commercial correlator and a custom digital delay line. Experimental results for g(3) and g(4) are presented for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian light-scattering processes and compared with theoretical predictions.
Brief report: autism and herpes simplex encephalitis.

It is now generally accepted that autism is a behavioral syndrome with an underlying organic pathology. It can be associated with a variety of disorders affecting the central nervous system, such as encephalitis. DeLong, Bean, and Brown (1981) described three children, ages between 5 and 11 years, who developed acute encephalitic illness accompanied by autistic features that resolved after clinical recovery. One of the patients had high serum herpes simplex titers, and a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the head revealed an extensive lesion of the temporal lobes, mainly on the left side. The other two patients had normal CT scans, and no etiological agent was defined. Gillberg (1986) described the case of a 14-year-old girl who developed "typical" autistic syndrome following an attack of herpes simplex encephalitis. The CT of the head showed widespread bilateral destruction of brain parenchyma and the temporal lobes, with some medial involvement of the lower parts of the parietal lobes. The autistic symptoms persisted long after the acute symptoms of herpes encephalitis, such as fever and alteration of consciousness, subsided. All the above cases met the criteria for autism except the typical age of onset. For example, DeLong et al.'s cases ranged in age from 5 to 11
Discussion of "Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the replanted extremity subjected to prolonged warm ischemia".

The authors are to be commended for developing an animal model for evaluating the potential value of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). However, more work must be done before we ask our hospitals to purchase HBO chambers. Two prongs are necessary for the introduction of any new therapy: efficacy and safety. At first glance, it appears that HBO was efficacious in salvaging more limbs subjected to prolonged warm ischemia times than controls. However, Table 1 shows that the control limbs were done prior to the HBO limbs. Hence, there is the possibility that an error due to the learning curve of performing rat limb replants may have been introduced. I hope that the authors will use their model and perform a randomized study. Clinicians know that limb replantation has major consequences including fluid loss, edema and acidosis. We typically treat these
Time-resolved fluorescence of flavin adenine dinucleotide in wild-type and mutant NADH peroxidase: elucidation of quenching sites and discovery of a new fluorescence depolarization mechanism.

Time-resolved polarized fluorescence experiments have been carried out on the FAD of tetrameric NADH peroxidase from Enterococcus faecalis and three mutant enzymes, C42A, C42S, and Y159A, respectively. In particular Tyr159 and, in part, Cys42 turned out to be the amino acids which are responsible for the strong dynamic quenching of flavin fluorescence, because two picosecond fluorescence lifetime components <150 ps are clearly present in the wild-type enzyme and in the Cys42 mutants, while only one picosecond lifetime <150 ps is present in the Tyr159 mutant. This observation is corroborated by the distance information obtainable from the known three-dimensional structure of the wild-type enzyme. Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the Tyr159 mutant has the same fluorescence yield as both Cys42 mutants suggesting that static fluorescence quenching prevails in the tyrosine mutant. Cys42 is the amino acid which is probably responsible for the static quenching in the wild-type enzyme and Y15...
Self-Consolidating Concrete Incorporating High Volume of Fly Ash, Slag, and Recycled Asphalt Pavement

The use of sustainable technologies such as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and/or recycled materials is expected to positively affect the performance of concrete mixtures. However, it is imperative to qualify and implement such mixtures in practice, if the required specifications of their intended application are met. This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) containing sustainable technologies. Twelve mixes were prepared with different combinations of fly ash, slag, and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). Fresh and hardened concrete properties were measured, as expected the inclusion of the sustainable technologies affected both fresh and hardened concrete properties. Analysis of the experimental data indicated that inclusion of RAP not only reduces the ultimate strength, but it also affected the compressive strength development rate. The addition of RAP to mixes showed a consistent effect, with a drop in strength after 3, 14, and 28 days as the RAP content increased from 0 to 50 %. However, most of the mixes satisfied SCC fresh properties requirements, including mixes with up to 50 % RAP. Moreover, several mixes satisfied compressive strength requirement for pavements and bridges, those mixes included relatively high percentages of SCMs and RAP.
Photoinduced Carotenogenesis in Chlorotic Euglena gracilis

Light induces beta-carotene synthesis in streptomycin-bleached Euglena gracilis Z. Light-adapted, chemostat-grown cells have up to 10-fold as much beta-carotene and 25% more protein than similarly grown, dark-adapted cells. Carotenogenesis does not occur under anaerobic conditions or in the presence of diphenylamine, cyanide, or cycloheximide. The blue portion of the spectrum (360-560 nm) is most active in initiating carotenogenesis. The level of cellular carotenoids is influenced by the type of carbon source and to some degree by pH. Phytofluence and zeta-carotene are present in dark-grown cells but not in cells grown aerobically in white light (360-1120 nm). These pigments, however, were present in cells grown in yellow or green light (above 486 nm) or in cells exposed to white light anaerobically. The carotenoids are localized in two types of structures at the light microscope level. A protoporphyrin was isolated from Euglena, and its role as a possible photoreceptor during carotenogenesis is suggested.