cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of logistic regression and linear regression in modeling percentage data.

Percentage is widely used to describe different results in food microbiology, e.g., probability of microbial growth, percent inactivated, and percent of positive samples. Four sets of percentage data, percent-growth-positive, germination extent, probability for one cell to grow, and maximum fraction of positive tubes, were obtained from our own experiments and the literature. These data were modeled using linear and logistic regression. Five methods were used to compare the goodness of fit of the two models: percentage of predictions closer to observations, range of the differences (predicted value minus observed value), deviation of the model, linear regression between the observed and predicted values, and bias and accuracy factors. Logistic regression was a better predictor of at least 78% of the observations in all four data sets. In all cases, the deviation of logistic models was much smaller. The linear correlation between observations and logistic predictions was always stronger. Validation (accomplished using part of one data set) also demonstrated that the logistic model was more accurate in predicting new data points. Bias and accuracy factors were found to be less informative when evaluating models developed for percentage data, since neither of these indices can compare predictions at zero. Model simplification for the logistic model was demonstrated with one data set. The simplified model was as powerful in making predictions as the full linear model, and it also gave clearer insight in determining the key experimental factors.
Heat transfer in a pulsating heat pipe with open end

Heat transfer in the evaporator and condenser sections of a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) with open end is modeled by analyzing thin film evaporation and condensation. The heat transfer solutions are applied to the thermal model of the pulsating heat pipe and a parametric study was performed. The results show that the heat transfer in a PHP is mainly due to the exchange of sensible heat. The frequency and amplitude of the oscillation is almost unaffected by surface tension after steady oscillation has been established. The amplitude of oscillation decreases with decreasing diameter. The amplitude of oscillation also decreases when the wall temperature of the heating section is decreased, but the frequency of oscillation is almost unchanged.
Erlotinib: applications in therapy and current status of research

Erlotinib, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted against the EGF receptor, has demonstrated survival benefit as a single agent in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and in pancreatic cancer in combination with gemcitabine. Erlotinib has been studied extensively as a single agent as well as in combination with chemotherapy, radiation and other targeted agents. Despite its distinct target, biomarkers for selecting patients most likely to benefit from therapy are still under investigation. While EGF receptor mutations are present in approximately 10% of North American patients, that alone does not explain the benefit observed in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. With the therapeutic landscape becoming more crowded and challenging, the role of biomarkers to individualize therapy for patients is becoming increasingly more important. We summarize the current database of knowledge with regard to erlotinib pharmacology, clinical efficacy, toxicity and biomarkers.
The rise of transoral robotic surgery in the head and neck: emerging applications

The use of robotics in the field of head and neck surgery has provided surgeons with the ability to access anatomic locations that were previously only managed via open techniques. This has resulted in decreased overall morbidity, excellent functional results and the promise of equivalent oncologic outcomes. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) provides access to the oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, oral cavity, parapharyngeal space and skull base vial the oral aperture. Studies reviewing the application of TORS to these subsites have been promising, and for many applications TORS has been accepted as a safe and efficacious option for surgical management. However, despite these promising results, TORS remains a surgical instrument that requires sound surgical skill, clinical judgment and oncologic principles, and should be chosen based on the needs of the individual patient and the comfort of the treating surgeon. In this article, we review the history of TORS, relevant anatomy and provide a review of the literature, highlighting the applications, advantages, functional outcomes and disadvantages of TORS for each anatomic subsite.
Achieving finite element mesh quality via optimization of the Jacobian matrix norm and associated quantities. Part I—a framework for surface mesh optimization

Structured mesh quality optimization methods are extended to optimization of unstructured triangular, quadrilateral, and mixed finite element meshes. N"ew interpretations of well-known nodally-bssed objective functions are made possible using matrices and matrix norms. The matrix perspective also suggests several new objective functions. Particularly significant is the interpretation of the Oddy metric and the Smoothness objective functions in terms of the condition number of the metric tensor and Jacobian matrix, respectively. Objective functions are grouped according to dimensionality to form weighted combinations. A simple unconstrained local optimum is computed using a modiiied N-ewton iteration. The optimization approach was implemented in the CUBIT mesh generation code and tested on several problems. Results were compared against several standard element-based quaIity measures to demonstrate that good mesh quality can be achieved with nodally-based objective functions.
Estimated generalized least squares in spatially misaligned regression models with Berkson error

SUMMARY Inenvironmental studies,relationships amongvariables thataremisalignedinspace areroutinelyassessed. Because the data are misaligned, kriging is often used to predict the covariate at the locations where the response is observed. Using kriging predictions to estimate regression parameters in linear regression models introduces a Berkson error, which induces a covariance structure that is challenging to estimate. In addition, if the parameters associated with kriging (e.g. trend surface parameters and spatial covariance parameters) are estimated, then an additional uncertainty is introduced. We characterize the total measurement error as part of a broader class of Berkson error models and develop an estimated generalized least squares estimator using estimated covariance parameters. In working with the induced model, we fully account for the error structure and estimate the covariance parameters using likelihood-based methods. We provide insight into when it is important to fully account for the covariance structure induced from the different error sources. We assess the performance of the estimators using simulation and illustrate the methodology using publicly available data from the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Gray scale and achromatic color difference

Gray scale is a preferred method for information display, yet existing techniques for constructing a gray scale rely on mathematical formulas that are ambiguous and inconsistent with known phenomena of suprathreshold achromatic perception. To improve this situation, problems are discussed, literature on suprathreshold achromatic perception is reviewed, existing gray-scale formulas are compared with human-performance data, and a new approach is examined. The new approach takes into account the luminances of the surround, the targets, and the distractors that are to be rendered in a gray scale. It is theory based, is consistent with known phenomena of suprathreshold achromatic perception, and fits human-performance data at least as well as any other formula.
Keratinocyte expression of inflammatory mediators plays a crucial role in substance P-induced acute and chronic pain

Tibia fracture in rats followed by cast immobilization leads to nociceptive, trophic, vascular and bone-related changes similar to those seen in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Substance P (SP) mediated neurogenic inflammation may be responsible for some of the signs of CRPS in humans. We therefore hypothesized that SP acting through the SP receptor (NK1) leads to the CRPS-like changes found in the rat model. In the present study, we intradermally injected rats with SP and monitored hindpaw mechanical allodynia, temperature, and thickness as well as tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nerve growth factor-β (NGF) for 72 h. Anti-NGF antibody was utilized to block the effects of SP-induced NGF up-regulation. Fracture rats treated with the selective NK1 receptor antagonist LY303870 prior to cast removal were assessed for BrdU, a DNA synthesis marker, incorporation in skin cells to examine cellular proliferation. Bone microarchitecture was measured using micro computed tomography (μCT). We observed that: (1) SP intraplantar injection induced mechanical allodynia, warmth and edema as well as the expression of nociceptive mediators in the hindpaw skin of normal rats, (2) LY303870 administered intraperitoneally after fracture attenuated allodynia, hindpaw unweighting, warmth, and edema, as well as cytokine and NGF expression, (3) LY303870 blocked fracture-induced epidermal thickening and BrdU incorporation after fracture, (4) anti-NGF antibody blocked SP-induced allodynia but not warmth or edema, and (5) LY303870 had no effect on bone microarchitecture. Collectively our data indicate that SP acting through NK1 receptors supports the nociceptive and vascular components of CRPS, but not the bone-related changes.
Enhancement of filtration surgery with cytosine arabinoside and reversal of toxicity with 2′-deoxycytidine

Antifibrosis agents have improved the success of glaucoma filtration surgery, although undesired side effects are not readily reversible and may present a major limitation in the use of these agents. Our purpose was to study the efficacy of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) as an adjunctive antimetabolite in glaucoma surgery in the rabbit, and reversal of toxicity due to this agent with the competitive inhibitor 2′-deoxycytidine. Posterior lip sclerectomy was performed in rabbit eyes treated with 15 mg subconjunctival Ara-C daily for 7 d then every other day for 7 d. Mean intraocular pressure was lower in eyes treated with Ara-C compared with controls at all time points following filtration surgery. On the 10th postoperative day, the mean intraocular pressure of control eyes (25.0 ± 1.9 mm Hg) had returned to baseline levels, whereas the intraocular pressure of eyes treated with Ara-C was significantly lower (16.0 ± 1.7 mm Hg) (P < 0.01). Bleb survival was also prolonged in the Ara-C-treated eyes. The major oc...
Chlorine distribution and its isotopic composition in “rusty rock” 66095. Implications for volatile element enrichments of “rusty rock” and lunar soils, origin of “rusty” alteration, and volatile element behavior on the Moon

Abstract An interesting characteristic of the pyroclastic glass bead deposits, select impact produced lithologies such as the “rusty rock” 66095, and unique lunar soils from the Apollo 16 landing site, is their unusual enrichments in 204 Pb, Cd, Bi, Br, I, Ge, Sb, Tl, Zn, and Cl which indicates that portions of these sample contain a substantial volatile component. Sample 66095, a fine-grained, subophitic to ophitic polymict melt breccia, also hosts a pervasive low-temperature, volatile-rich, oxyhydrated mineral assemblage. The volatile element enrichments in these assorted lunar lithologies have been attributed to a variety of extra-lunar and lunar processes, whereas the oxyhydration in 66095 has long been thought to represent either terrestrial alteration of lunar chlorides and Fe–Ni metal to βFeO(OH,Cl) or indigenous lunar processes. In 66095, Cl is accommodated in FeO(OH,Cl), phosphates, and chlorides and is heterogeneously distributed. The low-temperature alteration occurs as rims around Fe–Ni metal and sulfide grains, and as dispersed grains in the adjacent matrix. Micro-Raman and transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging indicate that akaganeite (βFeO(OH,Cl)) is the dominant FeO(OH) polymorph and is intergrown with goethite (αFeO(OH)) and hematite (αFe 2 O 3 ). TEM observations indicate a well-defined “nanometer-scale” stratigraphy” to the alteration. For example, kamacite (body centered cubic) → face-centered cubic (fcc) Fe–Ni alloy → lawrencite (FeCl 2 ) → akaganeite. The lunar lawrencite (Fe,Ni)Cl 2 in 66095 does not react directly to akaganeite on Earth. Rather, lawrencite exposed to terrestrial conditions reacts to form an amorphous Fe- and Cl-bearing phase, nano-crystalline goethite, and hematite. The morphology of these terrestrial alteration products is significantly different than that of the akaganeite occurring in 66095. The chlorine isotopic compositions of these volatile-rich samples are enriched in heavy Cl. For 66095, the δ 37 Cl ranges from +14.0‰ to +15.6‰, whereas the δ 37 Cl for the volatile-rich A16 soils ranges from +5.6‰ to +15.7‰. Based on these data it appears likely that the volatile element enrichments and the Cl isotopic fractionation observed in 66095 and the Apollo 16 soils did not result from extra-lunar additions, but are most likely indigenous to the Moon. Lawrencite was deposited on mineral surfaces at approximately 650 °C to 570 °C from a metal-chloride-bearing, H-poor gas phase. This gas phase was also responsible for the transport of other metals (e.g. Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe). The fractionation of Cl isotopes in the rusty rock can be attributed to fumarole processes in a low-H system. The origin and formation of the akaganeite is more enigmatic. The Cl-isotopes are consistent with it replacing lawrencite. However, numerous nanometer-scale observations are not consistent with a terrestrial origin and indicate multiple episodes of oxyhydration.
Cold Stress and the Cold Pressor Test.

Temperature and other environmental stressors are known to affect blood pressure and heart rate. In this activity, students perform the cold pressor test, demonstrating increased blood pressure during a 1- to 2-min immersion of one hand in ice water. The cold pressor test is used clinically to evaluate autonomic and left ventricular function. This activity is easily adapted to an inquiry format that asks students to go to the scientific literature to learn about the test and then design a protocol for carrying out the test in classmates. The data collected are ideal for teaching graphical presentation of data and statistical analysis.
Back to the Future: Toward a Political Economy of Love and Abundance

This article presents a reconceptualization of public administration within a profoundly different political economy. The depiction is based on an alternative set of assumptions to those most typic...
Optimization of All-Optical 2R Regenerators Operating at 40 Gb/s: Role of Dispersion

We investigate numerically the interplay between dispersion and nonlinearity for optimizing the performance of an all-optical 2R regenerator based on self-phase modulation and spectral filtering at 40 Gb/s. By considering the extent of improvement in the Q factor (related to level of noise reduction), we show that the ratio of accumulated dispersion to the maximum nonlinear phase shift can be used to predict the performance of regenerators making use of fibers with very different lengths, dispersions, and nonlinear parameters. Our results show that fiber dispersion plays an important role and needs to be properly optimized. In general, fibers with larger dispersion perform better but require higher input powers. We also study the impact of fluctuations in dispersion from their nominal value and show that their impact is much less severe when fiber dispersion is relatively small.
Clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty and biological resurfacing in patients aged younger than 50 years.

Background Total shoulder arthroplasty as a treatment for glenohumeral degenerative joint disease is well accepted but has been less predictable with regard to outcomes and durability in a younger aged population, typically aged younger than 50 years. This younger population has a greater potential for glenoid component loosening. This has led surgeons to perform hemiarthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty with biological resurfacing of the glenoid in an effort to avoid the potential problems with a polyethylene glenoid and obtain durable and acceptable results for these patients. Methods The study included 44 patients, with 23 undergoing hemiarthroplasty alone and 21 undergoing hemiarthroplasty with biological resurfacing of the glenoid. All patients were aged younger than 50 years. Preoperative diagnoses, comorbidities, demographics, and range of motion were collected. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were obtained. Preoperative and postoperative objective scoring measures (Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, visual analog scale, Simple Shoulder Test, Constant-Murley) were used. Results Mean follow-up was 3.8 years for the hemiarthroplasty group and 3.6 years for the biological resurfacing group. Six patients in the hemiarthroplasty and 12 patients in the biological resurfacing group were considered failures due to revision surgery or an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score Conclusions There was a significant failure rate in the hemiarthroplasty and the biologic resurfacing groups compared with results in the literature. Improved outcomes and lower failure rates were observed in the hemiarthroplasty group compared with the biological resurfacing group in this study.
Social Networks, Social Support, and their Relationship to Depression among Immigrant Mexican Women

This empirical study uses data derived from a community survey of women of Mexican descent in San Diego County in order to identify characteristics of immigrant social networks, and determine how these characteristics are related to emotional support and personal distress. Correlational and chi-square analyses were used to manipulate aggregate data. Major findings are that social networks, including both friends and family, are available from the early stages of immigration. Interaction patterns indicate that friendship contacts are stable over time, and that family contacts increase with time. The most important source of emotional support is among relatives of the family of origin. In contrast, adult children living in independent households, despite high contact levels with mothers, were not found to be a source of emotional support. Higher levels of contact with friends are related to increased emotional support from those friends, but friend contact is not as salient as family contact for emotional s...
The Welfare State and the Home: Regime Differences in the Domestic Division of Labour

Comparative research has provided valuable insights into stratification processes; however, the focus has been on the labour market or economic inequalities. This study examines stratification in the home by looking at the division of household labour. Using data from the 1994 International Social Survey Program (ISSP), I investigate the division of household labour in 10 countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Sweden, United States; n=4799). Analyses indicate that micro-level processes such as time availability, relative resources and gender ideology are important determinants of division of housework. Grouping the countries into liberal, conservative and social-democratic welfare state regimes, however, suggests macro-level differences in the division of labour across regimes that cannot be explained by differences in levels of individual characteristics. Equal sharing of housework by both partners is rare in conservative countries, regardless of their relative resources, time availability and gender ideology, suggesting that the division of labour at home is not only negotiated by two partners, but also shaped by contextual factors.
Brokerage, Miscibility, and the Spread of Contention

Social movement researchers recognize the importance of brokerage for the spread of contentious politics. This study proposes a new classification of brokerage and identifies the main types of brokers depending on the subgroups to which actors belong and on the subgroups' miscibility. It also introduces the "diffusion and scale-shift paradox": contention spreads more quickly when brokers connect few groups and when they connect groups that are highly miscible; yet, contention cannot spread widely if brokers do not connect diverse groups and groups with low miscibility. The empirical analysis compares the spread of contention on the issues of peace and civil liberties. Results support the scale-shift paradox—they show that contention on civil liberties diffused to more municipalities and shifted upwards to more states mainly because civil liberty activists built bridges between groups that were at opposite ends of the ideological spectrum and outside the progressive community.
The demodulated band transform.

Abstract Background Windowed Fourier decompositions (WFD) are widely used in measuring stationary and non-stationary spectral phenomena and in describing pairwise relationships among multiple signals. Although a variety of WFDs see frequent application in electrophysiological research, including the short-time Fourier transform, continuous wavelets, bandpass filtering and multitaper-based approaches, each carries certain drawbacks related to computational efficiency and spectral leakage. This work surveys the advantages of a WFD not previously applied in electrophysiological settings. New methods A computationally efficient form of complex demodulation, the demodulated band transform (DBT), is described. Results DBT is shown to provide an efficient approach to spectral estimation with minimal susceptibility to spectral leakage. In addition, it lends itself well to adaptive filtering of non-stationary narrowband noise. Comparison with existing methods A detailed comparison with alternative WFDs is offered, with an emphasis on the relationship between DBT and Thomson's multitaper. DBT is shown to perform favorably in combining computational efficiency with minimal introduction of spectral leakage. Conclusion DBT is ideally suited to efficient estimation of both stationary and non-stationary spectral and cross-spectral statistics with minimal susceptibility to spectral leakage. These qualities are broadly desirable in many settings.
Pleural fluid procalcitonin to distinguish infectious from noninfectious etiologies of pleural effusions.

In this study we investigate the diagnostic value of pleural fluid procalcitonin (PCT) in distinguishing infectious and noninfectious etiologies of pleural effusion. We reviewed the medical records of 75 hospitalized patients who underwent thoracentesis between 2011 and 2012. Data on pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein, albumin, cell count and differential, pH, Gram stain and culture, cytology, triglyceride, cholesterol, amylase, and PCT were collected. Data on serum LDH, protein, albumin, prothrombin time, normalized, and blood culture were also collected. Pleural effusions were classified into 2 groups, infectious and noninfectious. There were 18 infectious pleural effusions (IPE) and 57 noninfectious pleural effusions (NIPE). Median pleural fluid PCT was 1.088 ng/mL (0.312-2.940 ng/mL) in IPE and 0.123 ng/mL (0.05-0.263 ng/mL) in NIPE, with a P value 0.25 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 77.78% and specificity of 74.14% for diagnosing an IPE. A subgroup analysis of PCT in exudative infectious effusions versus exudative noninfectious malignant/paramalignant effusions showed higher levels in the former. PCT is a novel biomarker for diagnosing infectious pleural effusion, and it would be worthwhile to investigate the role of pleural PCT in assessing severity of illness, risk stratification, and antibiotic stewardship in hospitalized patients with pleural effusions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:363-365. 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Bond Energies and Bonding Interactions in Fe(CO)5-n(N2)n (n = 0−5) and Cr(CO)6-n(N2)n (n = 0−6) Complexes: Density Functional Theory Calculations and Comparisons to Experimental Data

Metal−N2 bond energies have been calculated for the Fe(CO)5-n(N2)n (n = 1−5) and Cr(CO)6-n(N2)n (n = 1−6) complexes using density-functional theory (DFT). Bond enthalpies calculated using the gradient corrected BP86 functional are in good agreement with the available experimental data. An energy decomposition procedure and a population analysis were performed for all of the complexes to quantitatively characterize the interactions of N2 and CO with the relevant coordinatively unsaturated metal species. In all cases, the metal−N2 bond is weaker than the metal−CO bond because CO is both a better donor and a better acceptor of electron density. Calculated bond energies for Cr−N2 bonds for the lowest energy isomers of the chromium complexes are 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, and 25 kcal/mol for n = 1−6, respectively. The trend of decreasing bond energy with added N2 ligands is a result of weaker orbital interactions. The exception is Cr(N2)6, which is predicted to be more stable than the CO containing complexes. This in...
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ESCHERICHIA COLI RESISTANCE TO ETHIONINE.

SummaryE. coli resistant to ethionine shows a 6 to 8 hour longer lag period than sensitive cells when grown on a glucose salts medium without ethionine. The lag period was reduced to that of sensitive cells when methionine, ethionine, cystathionine or homocysteine was added to the growth medium. When ethyl-1-C14-ethionine was added to resistant cells there was a rapid increase of the tracer into both the amino acid pool and protein followed by a rapid decrease of label in both fractions. Formate, acetate, and CO2 isolated from culture filtrates of resistant cells metabolizing ethyl-1-C14-ethionine were labeled. No significant differences were noted between the incorporation of C14-methionine by ethionine-resistant and sensitive cells. On the basis of these observations, it is concluded that ethionine resistance in E. coli is the result of the synthesis of enzymes capable of converting ethionine to methionine. The data indicate that ethionine is de-ethylated to the level of homocysteine followed by transme...
A Preliminary Assessment of Land-to-Water Surface Area Ratios (LWR) for Sustainable Land Use in Aquaculture

ABSTRACTSeveral organizations have developed eco-label certification programs with standards to conserve resources and reduce negative environmental impacts of fish and shrimp production. Production by pond aquaculture is reported on a water surface area basis, but additional land for embankments, roads, storage areas, and so on, is required. Thus, data on total land use by aquaculture farms are needed for formulating land use standards. Preliminary investigation of land-to-water surface area ratios (LWRs) based on analysis of 100 aquaculture farms (2,783 ponds) in twenty-six countries using satellite imagery (Google Earth Pro) was conducted. The LWR declined with increasing pond size to around 5.0 ha before stabilizing at 1.25. Average LWR was 1.48. Variations in LWR were noted among climate zones and continents. Jenks optimization revealed five LWR classes, and most LWR values were below 1.89. Results of this study could be helpful in developing land use standards for aquaculture ecolabel certification.
Randomized phase II trial of selenomethionine as a modulator of efficacy and toxicity of chemoradiation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Randomized phase II trial of selenomethionine as a modulator of efficacy and toxicity of chemoradiation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Chemo- and Site-Selective Alkyl and Aryl Azide Reductions with Heterogeneous Nanoparticle Catalysts

Site-selective modification of bioactive natural products is an effective approach to generating new leads for drug discovery. Herein, we show that heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts enable site-selective monoreduction of polyazide substrates for the generation of aminoglycoside antibiotic derivatives. The nanoparticle catalysts are highly chemoselective for reduction of alkyl and aryl azides under mild conditions and in the presence of a variety of easily reduced functional groups. High regioselectivity for monoazide reduction is shown to favor reduction of the least sterically hindered azide. We hypothesize that the observed selectivity is derived from the greater ability of less-hindered azide groups to interact with the surface of the nanoparticle catalyst. These results are complementary to previous Staudinger reduction methods that report a preference for selective reduction of electronically activated azides.
Measurement of bile and acid kinetics by isotope dilution in man.

Measurement of bile acid synthesis rate and pool size by isotope dilution is a reliable technique if the proper isotope is used, the isotope is injected in the chemical form of the free acid, and the pool is sampled validly and for a sufficient time period. However, the accuracy of the method remains uncertain. By defining the relative synthesis rates of the two primary bile acids, one obtains the proportion of each synthesized from cholesterol—a fundamental hepatic property that is significantly altered in several disease conditions. Deoxycholic acid input from the intestine may also be defined by the isotope dilution technique, but the method gives no information on deoxycholic acid formation. Pool size represents the interaction of synthesis and intestinal conservation and may not be used to predict secretion. Specific recommendations are made, for isotope dilution studies in man, regarding chemical form and location of label for the tracer, route and time of administration of tracer, measurement of specific activity in biliary bile acids, and expression of data.
Documentation and Logistics Issues in Exporting Firms

This paper examines documentation and logistics problems in exporting firms and identifies some specific firm and individual factors which could account for variation in both usage of facilitating agencies and exporters perception of these agencies’ contribution to the logistics and documentation process.
Data Privacy: Effects on Customer and Firm Performance

AbstractAlthough marketers increasingly rely on customer data, firms have little insight into the ramifications of such data use and do not know how to prevent negative effects. Data management efforts may heighten customers’ vulnerability worries or create real vulnerability. Using a conceptual framework grounded in gossip theory, the authors link customer vulnerability to negative performance effects. Three studies show that transparency and control in firms’ data management practices can suppress the negative effects of customer data vulnerability. Experimental manipulations reveal that mere access to personal data inflates feelings of violation and reduces trust. An event study of data security breaches affecting 414 public companies also confirms negative effects, as well as spillover vulnerabilities from rival firms’ breaches, on firm performance. Severity of the breach hurts the focal firm but helps the rival firm, which provides some insight into mixed findings in prior research. Finally, a field ...
Newly synthesized and recycling pools of the apical protein gp135 do not occupy the same compartments

Polarized epithelial cells sort newly synthesized and recycling plasma membrane proteins into distinct trafficking pathways directed to either the apical or basolateral membrane domains. While the trans-Golgi network is a well-established site of protein sorting, increasing evidence indicates a key role for endosomes in the initial trafficking of newly synthesized proteins. Both basolateral and apical proteins have been shown to traverse endosomes en route to the plasma membrane. In particular, apical proteins traffic through either subapical early or recycling endosomes. Here we use the SNAP tag system to analyze the trafficking of the apical protein gp135, also known as podocalyxin. We show that newly synthesized gp135 traverses the apical recycling endosome, but not the apical early endosomes (AEEs). In contrast, post-endocytic gp135 is delivered to the AEE before recycling back to the apical membrane. The pathways pursued by the newly synthesized and recycling gp135 populations do not detectably intersect, demonstrating that the biosynthetic and post-endocytic pools of this protein are subjected to distinct sorting processes.
Optical nanoantennas as magnetic nanoprobes for enhancing light-matter interaction

A class of optical nanoantennas utilized as photoinduced magnetic nanoprobes is studied for enhancing magnetic near-field in a magnetic-dominant region with vanishing electric field. We examine the illumination of such magnetic nanoprobes that guarantees selective excitation of magnetic resonances, such as azimuthally electric polarized beams (APBs) which possess a strong longitudinal magnetic field on the beam axis where the electric field is ideally null. Magnetic nanoprobes whose magnetic resonances are selectively excited show a large magnetic near-field enhancement and large magnetic-to-electric-field contrast ratio. Such nanoprobes are the basis for the development of future magnetic-base spectroscopy and macroscopy systems.
Longitudinal trial of a smartphone pain application for chronic pain patients: Predictors of compliance and satisfaction.

IntroductionThis study was designed to determine the feasibility, tolerability, safety and efficacy of a smartphone pain application (app) among chronic pain patients over a six-month trial. The app was designed for both Android and iPhone devices and enabled users with chronic pain to assess, monitor, and communicate their status to their providers.MethodsWe recruited 90 chronic pain patients to use the pain app. All subjects completed baseline measures and were asked to record their progress every day. All participants were supplied an activity monitor.ResultsAverage age of the participants was 46.7 years (range 18–79), 64.4% were female and 31.1% reported multiple pain sites. Satisfaction was rated at three and six months. The app was found to be easily introduced and well tolerated. In general, those who used the app more often were more satisfied with the program (p < 0.05), although satisfaction ratings of the pain app diminished with time. Greater use of the app and frequent daily assessment entrie...
Do Black students misbehave more? Investigating the differential involvement hypothesis and out-of-school suspensions

ABSTRACTBlack students are much more likely to be disciplined using out-of-school suspensions (OSS) compared with White students. One often-cited hypothesis, though relatively untested, is the role of misconduct and students attitudes that support deviant behavior. The differential involvement hypothesis suggests that disproportionate sanctioning may result if one group of students is engaged in greater levels of misbehavior compared with the other group. Using a national high school dataset, the author used various student-reported measures of misconduct (e.g., fighting) and 18 attitudes supporting deviant behavior (e.g., it is okay to disobey school rules) to investigate their association with receiving an OSS. Findings showed that misconduct and deviant attitudes were important factors in predicting the receipt of OSS though results indicated that Black students did not generally misbehave or endorse deviant attitudes more than White students did.
An innovative teaching approach to product development: creating tennis wear for female baby boomers

To approach innovative teaching, prototype development of tennis wear for female baby boomers was incorporated into the product development course. This semesterlong project, fully funded by Cotton Incorporated, guided students in identifying the needs of female baby boomers who play tennis and then designing appropriate tennis wear. Twelve female tennis participants aged between 55 and 66 were interviewed in a focus group. To mirror fashion industry practice, students worked in teams including with real-world clients. The functional, expressive, and aesthetic consumer needs model (Lamb and Kallal in Cloth Text Res J 10:42–47, 1992) provided the conceptual framework for the project, and the students took the FEA design criteria into account when developing tennis wear prototypes that met the needs of the baby boomers. At the end of the semester, a panel of faculty judges who fall within the age group of baby boomers and who play tennis regularly evaluated the student groups’ work and selected the three winning teams using the following criteria: creativity, quality (i.e., construction, tech pack [garment measurements], and fit), presentation (i.e., storyboard and oral presentation), and readiness for production.
First-principles study of elastic mechanical responses to applied deformation of metal-organic frameworks

We use density functional theory to compute the elastic constant tensors of two families of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to establish relationships between their structures and mechanical properties. The Zn family consist of Zn4O centers each coordinated by six organic linkers along the ⟨100⟩ directions; we studied three linkers of increasing lengths: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC), 4,4’-biphenyl-dicarboxylate (BPDC), and 4,4’’-terphenyl-dicarboxylate. This relatively weak connectivity leads to high anisotropy; in fact, Zn-MOFs exhibit extremely low shear modulus and are near a mechanical instability. In contrast, Zr family studied consists of Zr6O4(OH)4 centers each linked by fumarate, BDC, and BPDC ligands along the twelve ⟨110⟩ directions. The higher structural connectivity results in stiffer frameworks with lower anisotropy. The smallest Zr-MOF exhibits nearly isotropic elasticity with a Zener ratio of 1.06. The stiffest and most compliant directions of both families are directly related to the ori...
Anesthetic considerations for a novel anterior surgical approach to pediatric scoliosis correction

SummaryBackground Idiopathic scoliosis is a condition that may require surgical correction. Limitations of previous surgical modalities, however, created the need for novel methods of repair. One such technique, a newer form of anterolateral scoliosis correction, has shown considerable promise, which our center has had substantial experience performing. Aim In this article, we present the case details of our first 105 patients for the purposes of describing the evolution and details of the anesthetic management and considerations for this procedure. Methods A retrospective review of medical records for 105 patients undergoing anterolateral instrumentation procedure for idiopathic scoliosis correction done at a single institution from May 2014 to June 2016 was performed. The details of perioperative management as well as surgical technique were reported for all patients. Results The mean age for patients was 14.8 years (range 10-18); the mean weight was 49.9 kg (range 25-82). Unilateral procedures were performed on 46.7%, with bilateral and hybrid procedures performed on 50.5% and 4.7%, respectively. The median number of levels corrected was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] 7-9) for unilateral, right 7 (IQR 6-7) and left 5 (IQR 4-5) for bilateral, and 4 (IQR 4-4.5) for hybrids. The average estimated blood loss (EBL) was 310 mL±138, with cell salvaged blood transfused in 61% of patients, and allogenic blood transfusion required in only two patients. Conclusions The described anesthetic and analgesic management provides a framework for delivering perioperative care for this challenging procedure, which is gaining popularity as a modality for scoliosis correction.
Embracing the Generalized Propensity Score Method: Measuring the Effect of Library Usage on First-Time-In-College Student Academic Success

Abstract Objective – This research focuses on First-Time-in-College (FTIC) student library usage during the first academic year as number of visits (frequency) and length of stay (duration) and how that might affect first-term grade point average (GPA) and first-year retention using the generalized propensity score (GPS). We also want to demonstrate that GPS is a proper tool that researchers in libraries can use to make causal inferences about the effects of library usage on student academic success outcomes in observation studies. Methods – The sample for this study includes 6,380 FTIC students who matriculated in the fall 2014 and fall 2015 semesters at a large southeastern university. Students’ library usage (frequency and duration), background characteristics, and academic records were collected. The Generalized Propensity Score method was used to estimate the effects of frequency and duration of FTIC library visits. This method minimizes self-selection bias and allows researchers to control for demographic, pre-college, and collegiate variables. Four dose-response functions were estimated for each treatment (frequency and duration) and outcome variable (GPA and retention). Results – The estimated dose-response function plots for first-term GPA and first-year retention rate have similar shapes, which initially decrease to the minimum values then gradually increase as the treatment level increases. Specifically, the estimated average first-term GPA is minimized when the FTIC student only visits the library three times or spends one hour in the library during his/her first semester. The threshold for first-year retention occurs when students visit the library 15 times or spend 21 hours in the library during their first semester. After those thresholds, an increase in students’ library usage is related to an increase in their academic success. Conclusions – The generalized propensity score method gives the library researcher a scientifically rigorous methodological means to make causal inferences in an observational study (Imai & van Dyk, 2004). Using this methodological approach demonstrates that increasing library usage is likely to increase FTIC students’ first-term GPA and first-year retention rates past a certain threshold of frequency and duration.
Equilibrium Charge Carrier Statistics in Semiconductors

In Chap. 4, we discussed the quantum mechanical states of electrons in a periodic crystal potential and the resulting formation of energy bands. We also introduced the concept of effective mass, that of holes, and the Fermi energy which provides an easy way to differentiate a semiconductor from a metal.
A context-sensitive deep learning approach for microcalcification detection in mammograms

A challenging issue in computerized detection of clustered microcalcifications (MCs) is the frequent occurrence of false positives (FPs) caused by local image patterns that resemble MCs. We develop a context-sensitive deep neural network (DNN), aimed to take into account both the local image features of an MC and its surrounding tissue background, for MC detection. The DNN classifier is trained to automatically extract the relevant image features of an MC as well as its image context. The proposed approach was evaluated on a set of 292 mammograms using free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis on the accuracy both in detecting individual MCs and in detecting MC clusters. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach could achieve significantly higher FROC curves when compared to two MC-based detectors. It indicates that incorporating image context information in MC detection can be beneficial for reducing the FPs in detections.
RNAScope as a platform to detect IDO1 expression in tumor tissue sections.

116RNAScope is a sensitive, specific platform to detect IDO1 expression in tumor tissue sections. M Pratta, M Rupar, P Waeltz, T Burn, G Hollis, M Covington, M Smith, and R Newton. Incyte Corp. Wilm. DE. Background: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the primary and rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism to generate N-formyl-kynurenine (Kyn). Through a combination of local depletion of tryptophan and an increase in Kyn concentrations, IDO-1 activity can result in the suppression of antitumor immune responses. Because IDO-1 inhibitors are now in the clinic for treatment of multiple tumor types, immunohistological approaches are employed to demonstrate IDO1 expression in tumor biopsies. However, using a commercially available antibody to detect IDO1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), the level of sensitivity was inadequate. Methods: In order to improve the sensitivity of IDO1 detection, we evaluated in situ hybridization (ISH) using RNAScope technology and digital quantitation by HALO analysis ...
Mentoring Tomorrow's Physicians

What makes a caring, empathic, and wise physician is not medical school. These qualities have their origins in our early environment - one’s upbringing, grade school teachers, scout leaders and coaches, and later educators who take a special interest in one’s personal development, and, of course, mentors.
Computing All Implied Equalities via SMT-Based Partition Refinement

Consequence finding is used in many applications of deduction. This paper develops and evaluates a suite of optimized SMT-based algorithms for computing equality consequences over arbitrary formulas and theories supported by SMT solvers. It is inspired by an application in the SLAyer analyzer, where our new algorithms are commonly 10–100x faster than simpler algorithms. The main idea is to incrementally refine an initially coarse partition using models extracted from a solver. Our approach requires only O(N) solver calls for N terms, but in the worst case creates O(N 2) fresh subformulas. Simpler algorithms, in contrast, require O(N 2) solver calls. We also describe an asymptotically superior algorithm that requires O(N) solver calls and only O(NlogN) fresh subformulas. We evaluate algorithms which reduce the number of fresh formulas required either by using specialized data structures or by relying on subformula sharing.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Effects of Recurrent Diverticular Hemorrhage: A Large Cohort Study.

Background & Aims Although recurrent diverticular hemorrhage is common, its incidence and risk factors have not been measured outside of small institutional cohorts. We analyzed the incidence of and risk factors for recurrent diverticular hemorrhage and whether discontinuing anticoagulation after diverticular hemorrhage is associated with ischemic stroke. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the OptumInsight Clinformatics database from 2000 through 2016. Incidence rates for initial and recurrent diverticular hemorrhage were calculated by identifying patients who had hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis consistent with diverticular hemorrhage. The hazard ratios of second diverticular hemorrhage associated with anticoagulants or platelet aggregation inhibitors were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and medication use. The hazard ratio for ischemic stroke among patients who discontinued anticoagulation after diverticular hemorrhage was calculated similarly. Results In the cohort analyzed, 14,925 patients had an initial diverticular hemorrhage; 1368 of these patients had a second episode. The unstandardized incidence rates of initial and second diverticular hemorrhage were 10.9 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.7–11.0) and 3625.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 3436.0–3823.0). Platelet aggregation inhibitors were associated with second episodes of diverticular hemorrhage (hazard ratio 1.47; 95% CI 1.15–1.88), whereas all classes of anticoagulation agents were not associated. Among patients with a potential indication for stroke prophylaxis, those who discontinued anticoagulation after the diverticular hemorrhage had an increased hazard of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio 1.93; 95% CI 1.17–3.19). Conclusions In this retrospective cohort study, platelet aggregation inhibitors, but not anticoagulants, were associated with recurrent diverticular hemorrhage. Discontinuing anticoagulation was associated with increased hazard for ischemic stroke.