cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Callous Cruelty and Counterinsurgency: Civilian Victimization and Compensation in U.S.-Occupied Iraq:

Randall Collins coined the term callous cruelty to refer to the bureaucratic development and application of violence, which frequently results in widespread civilian impacts even when unintended. T...
Author Correction: Assessing the Influence of Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics in Student Interpretation of Multiply Quantified Statements in Mathematics

The original version of this article unfortunately contained two instances where the task names are mislabeled by switching the abbreviations “EA” and “AE.” Under “Rates of Normative Construal” in the “Results” section, second paragraph, fourth sentence, the sentence should be written.
Strengths and satisfaction in first year undergraduate students: A longitudinal study

Half of college student attrition occurs in the first year of college, so identifying factors that contribute to student satisfaction is an important target for research. Knowledge and use of one’s...
Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery: Tutorial and Tips

Video Objective To provide a stepwise tutorial and task-specific tips for trainees preparing for the manual skills component of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery exam. Setting The American Board of Obstetricians and Gynecologists announced that starting in 2020 all OB/GYN residents must pass the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) test in order to be eligible for board certification. This initiative is part of an effort to standardize knowledge and skill across programs. Interventions The manual skills component of FLS consists of five tasks: peg transfer, precision cutting, ligating loop, extracorporeal suturing, and intracorporeal suturing. For the peg transfer, the rotating dial on the Maryland graspers should be used to optimize the position of the graspers and rotate the objects into an optimal position for transferring and placement. For precision cutting, if right-handed, consider starting to the right of the midline. The left hand provides traction on the gauze and directionality must be adjusted throughout the task. Rotate the scissors as necessary to match the curve of the circle pattern. For the ligating loop, use a locking grasper to free both hands to break the endoloop. Trainees should be familiar with the multiuse trainer loops. Extracorporeal suturing can be performed with either an open or closed knot pusher but should always be performed by pushing 90 degrees off of the knot. The knot pusher can be gently rotated to reduce twisted sutures, and tension should be released if the knot pusher slips off. For intracorporeal suturing, the needle can be rotated to optimize the suture loop. Additionally, the needle should be aligned parallel to the needle driver. Conclusion The FLS manual tasks can easily be completed by trainees with the assistance of the tips depicted in this video.
Numerical Formulations of Nonlinear Elasticity Problems

The development of nonlinear stiffness relations for three-dimensional finite elements of an elastic continuum is considered. On the basis of linear displacement approximations, consistent finite element representations are formulated for geometrically nonlinear problems involving large displacements and large strains. General nonlinear stiffness relations are derived for compressible materials and for incompressible materials of the Mooney-Rivlin and neo-Hookean type. Stiffness relations for triangular plates, membranes, and straight bars are also derived. It is shown that the connection of elements into the assembled system can be accomplished by a series of group transformations. A simple example is provided to demonstrate parts of the theory.
General Approach for Machine Learning-Aided Design of DNA-Stabilized Silver Clusters

DNA-templated silver clusters (AgN-DNA) are known to exhibit a wide range of fluorescence colors for different choices of the DNA template sequence. While these clusters are promising biosensors an...
Factors Disrupting Melatonin Secretion Rhythms During Critical Illness.

Objectives The circadian system modulates many important physiologic processes, synchronizing tissue-specific functions throughout the body. We sought to characterize acute alterations of circadian rhythms in critically ill patients and to evaluate associations between brain dysfunction, systemic multiple organ dysfunction, environmental stimuli that entrain the circadian rhythm (zeitgebers), rest-activity rhythms, and the central circadian rhythm-controlled melatonin secretion profile. Design Prospective study observing a cohort for 24-48 hours beginning within the first day of ICU admission. Setting Multiple specialized ICUs within an academic medical center. Patients Patients presenting from the community with acute onset of either intracerebral hemorrhage as a representative neurologic critical illness or sepsis as a representative systemic critical illness. Healthy control patients were studied in using modified constant routine in a clinical research unit. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Light, feeding, activity, medications, and other treatment exposures were evaluated along with validated measures of encephalopathy (Glasgow Coma Scale), multiple organ system function (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score), and circadian rhythms (profiles of serum melatonin and its urinary metabolite 6-sulphatoxymelatonin). We studied 112 critically ill patients, including 53 with sepsis and 59 with intracerebral hemorrhage. Environmental exposures were abnormal, including light (dim), nutritional intake (reduced or absent and mistimed), and arousal stimuli (increased and mistimed). Melatonin amplitude and acrophase timing were generally preserved in awake patients but dampened and delayed with increasing encephalopathy severity. Melatonin hypersecretion was observed in patients exposed to catecholamine vasopressor infusions, but unaffected by sedatives. Change in vasopressor exposure was the only factor associated with changes in melatonin rhythms between days 1 and 2. Conclusions Encephalopathy severity and adrenergic agonist medication exposure were the primary factors contributing to abnormal melatonin rhythms. Improvements in encephalopathy and medical stabilization did not rapidly normalize rhythms. Urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin is not a reliable measure of the central circadian rhythm in critically ill patients.
Bias Implications of Outcome Misclassification in Observational Studies Evaluating Association Between Treatments and All‐Cause or Cardiovascular Mortality Using Administrative Claims

Background The bias implications of outcome misclassification arising from imperfect capture of mortality in claims‐based studies are not well understood. Methods and Results We identified 2 cohort...
Community Cats: Changing the Legal Paradigm for the Management of So-Called 'Pests'

This article explores the legal challenges surrounding the humane management of free-roaming community cats in the United States.
Dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with obesity: A narrative review:

There is no consensus on which weight clinicians should use for weight-based dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), as exemplified by differing or absent recommendations in clinical practice guidelines. The purpose of this paper is to review studies that evaluated various size descriptors for weight-based dosing of succinylcholine and non-depolarising NMBAs, and to provide recommendations for the descriptors of choice for the weight-based dosing of these agents in patients with obesity. All of the studies conducted to date involving depolarising and non-depolarising NMBAs in patients with obesity have assessed single doses or short-term infusions conducted in perioperative settings. Recognising that any final dosing regimen must take into account patient-specific considerations, the available evidence suggests that actual body weight is the size descriptor of choice for weight-based dosing of succinylcholine and that ideal body weight, or an adjusted (or lean) body weight, is the size descriptor of choice for weight-based dosing of non-depolarising NMBAs.
Process Evaluation of an Implementation Study in Dementia Care (EIT-4-BPSD): Stakeholder Perspectives

BACKGROUND Behavioral and psychological symptoms of distress in dementia (BPSD) are major drivers of poor quality of life, caregiver burden, institutionalization, and cost of care in nursing homes. The Evidence Integration Triangle (EIT)-4-BPSD in nursing homes was a pragmatic Hybrid III trial of an implementation strategy to help staff use evidence-based non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and manage BPSD. This study aimed to describe and explore the stakeholders' perceptions of the process to implement the EIT-4-BPSD strategy including its utility, and the barriers and facilitators to implementation in real-world settings. METHODS EIT-4-BPSD was a multi-layer implementation strategy that engaged nursing home stakeholder groups to define community specific goals towards reducing BPSD over a 12-month period. Stakeholder groups from nursing homes that completed all 12-months of the implementation strategy were invited to participate in this process evaluation study. Qualitative data from focus group transcripts were analyzed using a conventional content analysis. Emerging codes were sorted into categories, then organized in meaningful clusters based on the domains of the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework. RESULTS The EIT-4-BPSD implementation strategy was completed in 21 nursing homes; 93 stakeholders participated in focus groups. Over half of participating nursing homes reported meeting their BPSD goals as expected or more. Challenges, facilitators, and contextual factors reported by stakeholder members explains variability in the implementation of EIT-4-BPSD strategy in 11 key categories: family; staff; organizational; staff, environmental, and resident outcomes; utility of EIT resources; adoption barriers and facilitators; care process adaptations; and future planning. CONCLUSION Stakeholders offered guidance on salient factors influencing the feasibility and utility of EIT-4-BPSD adoption and implementation to consider in future implementation research that aims to improve behavioral well-being in NH residents living with dementia. Engagement of family and staff at all levels of the organization (Management, leadership, and direct care); and measurement of staff, environmental, and resident outcomes were perceived as critical for future implementation success. While regulations, finances, and competing demands on staff time were perceived as reducing implementation success. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Testing the Implementation of EIT-4-BPSD study was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03014570 ) January 9, 2017.
Decreasing perceived risk associated with regular cannabis use among older adults in the United States from 2015 to 2019.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cannabis use among older adults is increasing sharply in the United States. While the risks and benefits of cannabis use remain unclear, it is important to monitor risk factors for use, including low perception of harm. The objective of this study was to estimate recent national trends in perceived risk associated with cannabis use among older adults. DESIGN Trend analysis. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A total of 18,794 adults aged 65 and older participating in the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of non-institutionalized individuals in the United States. MEASUREMENTS We estimated the prevalence of older adults who believe that people who smoke cannabis once or twice a week are at great risk of harming themselves physically and in other ways. This was examined across cohort years and stratified by demographic characteristics, diagnosis of chronic disease, past-month tobacco and binge alcohol use, and all-cause emergency department use. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2019, perceived risk associated with regular use decreased from 52.6% to 42.7%, an 18.8% relative decrease (p < 0.001). Decreases in perceived risk were detected in particular among those never married (a 32.6% relative decrease), those who binge drink (a 31.3% relative decrease), use tobacco (a 26.8% relative decrease), have kidney disease (a 32.1% relative decrease), asthma (a 31.7% relative decrease), heart disease (a 16.5% relative decrease), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a 21.5% relative decrease), two or more chronic conditions (a 20.2% relative decrease), and among those reporting past-year emergency department use (a 21.0% relative decrease) (ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The perceived risk of regular cannabis use is decreasing among older adults. We detected sharp decreases in risk perception among those with chronic disease and high-risk behaviors, including tobacco and binge alcohol use. As the number of older adults who use cannabis increases, efforts are needed to raise awareness of the possible adverse effects with special emphasis on vulnerable groups.
The Texas Response to Federal Privacy Jurisprudence

In 2012 over ten million children in the United States were living without their fathers. In 2013 over 1.8 million of those children were in Texas, living in mother-only households. Children are being deprived of a needed parent. Has the United States Supreme Court’s endorsement of the philosophy of individualism in its privacy jurisprudence contributed to this rise in fatherless households? This article will discuss the effects of that jurisprudence on the State of Texas and how Texas has responded. Part I of this article discusses the Supreme Court’s privacy jurisprudence. That examination will reveal a shift from the Court’s protection of families to a jurisprudential assault on families through judicial endorsement of extreme individualism. Part II examines the origins, philosophy, and effects of this individualism, including marital and family breakdown and father absence, specifically considering statistical and demographic evidence from Texas. Part III explains Texas’s response to that jurisprudence and the State’s efforts to protect life and family relationships. While Texas’s public policy has been to strengthen families and promote fatherhood in the State, the High Court’s privacy jurisprudence has divided family unity in favor of individualism, which is having a profound effect on children. This article illustrates that Texas is making efforts to counteract those effects.
Beyond the Storms: Strengthening Homeland Security and Disaster Management to Achieve Resilience

Social science theories of contentious politics have been based almost exclusively on evidence drawn from the European and American experience, and classic texts in the field make no mention of either the Chinese Communist revolution or the Cultural Revolution - surely two of the most momentous social movements of the twentieth century. Moreover, China's record of popular upheaval stretches back well beyond this century, indeed all the way back to the third century B.C. By bringing together studies of protest that span the Imperial, Republic, and Communist eras, this book introduces Chinese patterns and provides a forum to consider ways in which contentious politics in China might serve to reinforce, refine or reshape theories derived from Western cases.
Settlement of Labor Disputes in Mexico

This article seeks to survey the efforts of Mexican labor laws in order to harmonize the conflicting interests of capital and labor. The primary purpose of Mexican labor law is to respond to the requests made by social groups to peacefully resolve labor disputes. Labor disputes in Mexico are increasing, largely due to industrial development. The efforts of Mexican law to provide a dignified life to workers is subject to the dynamics of a society which constantly evolves. Mexican labor law also attempts to assure competitiveness and efficiency of labor through the creation of administrative agencies designed to resolve labor conflicts. As an active participant in the resolution of disputes, the State attempts to promote an amicable settlement. If no settlement can be reached, the State provides mechanisms which ensure that the dispute will be resolved quickly. Although the Mexican government takes an active role in the resolution of labor conflicts, it still affords the parties an opportunity to create their own rules through bargaining forces, rules embodied in collective bargaining agreements.
The affine equivalence of local stress and displacement distributions in damaged composites and Batdorf's electric analog

The composite solid/analog device affine equations are shown to be elastically and electrically material independent. Analog experimental solutions yield the stress and displacement fields of the composite solid for a wide range of physical variables.
Pattern-Based Discriminants in the Logical Analysis of Data

Based on the concept of patterns, fundamental for the Logical Analysis of Data (LAD), we define a numerical score associated to every observation in a dataset, and show that its use allows the classification of most of the observations left unclassified by LAD. The accuracy of this extended LAD classification is compared on several publicly available benchmark datasets to that of the original LAD classification, and to that of the classifications provided by the most frequently used statistical and data mining methods.
Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Roles of Cyclooxygenase-2 in the Kidney

In the mammalian kidney, prostaglandins are important mediators of physiologic processes, including modulation of vascular tone and salt and water. Prostaglandins arise from enzymatic metabolism of free arachidonic acid (AA), which is cleaved from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 activity. The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system is a major pathway for metabolism of arachidonic acid in the kidney. Cyclooxygenases are the enzymes responsible for the initial conversion of AA to PGG2 and subsequently to PGH2, which serves as the precursor for subsequent metabolism by specific prostaglandin and thromboxane synthases. In addition to high levels of expression of the "constitutive" rate-limiting enzyme responsible for prostanoid production, COX-1, the "inducible" isoform of cyclooxygenase, COX-2, is also constitutively expressed in the kidney and is highly regulated in response to alterations in intravascular volume. Prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 exert their biological functions predominantly through activation of specific 7-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. We and others have shown that COX-2-derived prostaglandins exert important physiologic functions in maintenance of renal blood flow, mediation of renin release, and regulation of sodium excretion. In addition to physiologic regulation of prostanoid production in the kidney, increases in prostanoid production are also observed in a variety of inflammatory renal injuries, and we have found a role for COX metabolites to serve as mediators of inflammatory injury in renal disease.
Performance in the US telecommunication services industry: An analysis of the impact of deregulation

Abstract The impact of deregulation on the performance of firms in the US telecommunication services industry is examined, using extant ideas to suggest that deregulation has differing impacts on different dimensions of firms' performance. The performance of the top 39 local exchange companies is measured over the period 1981–1987 using a multi-period, multi-output ratio analysis model which enables disaggregation of gross performance measures into several detailed components. The findings indicate that deregulation has a significant impact on different dimensions of firms' performance in general, and it is also found that individual firms display different patterns of response in each of these dimensions of performance.
Pseudo-projection–driven, self-gated cardiac cine imaging using cartesian golden step phase encoding

Purpose To develop and evaluate a novel two-dimensional self-gated imaging technique for free-breathing cardiac cine MRI that is free of motion-detection overhead and requires minimal planning for motion tracking. Methods Motion along the readout direction was extracted solely from normal Cartesian imaging readouts near ky = 0. During imaging, the readouts below a certain |ky| threshold were scaled in magnitude and filtered in time to form “pseudo-projections,” enabling projection-based motion tracking along readout without frequently acquiring the central phase encode. A discrete golden step phase encode scheme allowed the |ky| threshold to be freely set after the scan while maintaining uniform motion sampling. Results The pseudo-projections stream displayed sufficient spatiotemporal resolution for both cardiac and respiratory tracking, allowing retrospective reconstruction of free-breathing non-electrocardiogram (ECG) cines. The technique was tested on healthy subjects, and the resultant image quality, measured by blood-myocardium boundary sharpness, myocardial mass, and single-slice ejection fraction was found to be comparable to standard breath-hold ECG-gated cines. Conclusion The use of pseudo-projections for motion tracking was found feasible for cardiorespiratory self-gated imaging. Despite some sensitivity to flow and eddy currents, the simplicity of acquisition makes the proposed technique a valuable tool for self-gated cardiac imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Spatiotemporal structure of somatosensory responses of many-neuron ensembles in the rat ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus

Classically, the rat ventral posterior medial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus has been considered as a simple passive relay for single- whisker information to the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). However, recent reports have suggested that the VPM could contain a much more coarsely coded and spatiotemporally complex representation of the rat whisker pad. To address this possibility properly, we have carried out chronic simultaneous recordings of large numbers (up to 23) of single neurons, distributed across the entire VPM, in both awake and lightly anesthetized adult rats. Quantitative, computer-based reconstruction of receptive fields (RFs) revealed that single VPM neurons exhibit significant responses to discrete stimulation of as many as 20 single whiskers (mean +/- SD RF size, 13.7 +/- 4.8 whiskers). By defining multiple response magnitude (RM) thresholds it was possible to subdivide these large VPM RFs quantitatively into a prominent center (mean +/- SD, 1.41 +/- 0.70 whiskers, RM > 95%) and an excitatory surround (up to 18 whiskers, RM RF shifts occurred in neurons with the largest RFs of our sample (17.2 +/- 2.4 whiskers). On the other hand, VPM cells with short-latency RFs centered in rostral whiskers had the smallest RFs (13.1 +/- 4.1 whiskers) and usually did not exhibit time- dependent RF center shifts. Multivariate analysis revealed that these two groups of VPM neurons, C-->R shifting and rostral position (RP) cells, could be statistically distinguished according to a combination of three RF attributes (short-latency RF center location, RF size, and magnitude of RF center shift). Quantitative, computer-based reconstruction of “population response maps” demonstrated that the “place” coding for each single whisker in the VPM involved a distinct weighted contribution from a large proportion of the simultaneously recorded neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The effects of previous experience and current condition on status contests in the bluebanded goby ( Lythrypnus dalli )

Social status can change over a lifetime and affect fitness. Status transitions are often influenced by previous experience such that previous winners tend to dominate in future interactions, while losers tend to remain subordinate. We investigated the role of social status experience on future status contests in the bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli), a highly social, sex-changing fish. Female L. dalli were given long-term experience as alpha (dominant) or beta (subordinate) in a stable social group of three fish (two females, one dominant male). We hypothesized that females with previous dominance experience would be more likely to become dominant in a novel context and change sex, a status-dependent transition. We found that in size-matched pairs, half of the previous alphas and half of the previous betas established and maintained dominance in the novel pair. Previous betas were more likely to become dominant in pairs with small relative differences in physical condition. Betas that initiated more interactions with the male in the stable group were also more likely to become dominant. Experience only had a transient effect on agonistic behavior during status establishment. In pairs in which the previous beta established dominance, individual agonistic efficiency, or the proportion of their approaches that led to a displacement, was lower. There was no long-term effect of experience on the rate of sex change. These data suggest that long-term tenure as a subordinate does not, itself, prevent status ascension and that physical condition and individual behavior are relevant factors that influence L. dalli contests.
Factors Influencing Enzyme Activity

The purpose of this series of three experiments is to investigate the effects of pH, substrate concentration and enzyme concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The reaction selected for investigation is the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, which is catalyzed by the enzyme catalase: $$\rm H_2O_2\ {\mathop{\longrightarrow}\limits^{Catalase}}\ H_2O+{1\over 2}O_2$$ Activity will be assayed in crude enzyme extracts prepared from spinach leaves by a macro-manometric procedure.
Comparison of self-assessment and partnered-assessment as cost-effective alternative methods for office workstation evaluation

Abstract A study was conducted in order to determine if anthropometric and office workstation measurements could be accurately collected individually by the employees who worked as those stations, or alternatively by two-person teams consisting of the employee and a co-worker. An iterative process was used to develop a method that would: (1) require a minimum number of measurements to be made by the employees, (2) produce an acceptable level of accuracy, and (3) provide useful information for analyzing employee–workstation fit. Results of the study showed acceptable accuracy when using a combined assisted and unassisted data collection approach. Relevance to industry Office workstation assessment can be a challenge for companies with large numbers of employees working in office settings, particularly if those settings are distributed across a country or the globe. Developing a formulaic method for accurately measuring those workstations by someone other than the company's expert (ergonomist or other) has several benefits, including: (1) ability to measure more workstations in the same time period; (2) freeing the expert to perform tasks and analyses that require his/her expertise; and (3) inducing active involvement of employees in the company's health and safety (or ergonomics) efforts.
Dynamical predictability of monthly means

The concept of predictability which is conditioned by synoptic-scale disturbance instabilities is extended to that of time averages, which are determined by low-frequency planetary wave predictability, in an attempt to determine the theoretical upper limit of dynamical predictability of monthly means for prescribed, nonfluctuating external forcings. Sixty-day integrations of a global general circulation model with nine different initial conditions but identical boundary conditions of sea surface temperatures, snow, sea ice and soil moisture are carried out, where the rms vector wind error between the observed initial conditions is greater than 15 m/sec. It is found that while the variances among the first 30-day means, predicted from mostly different initial conditions, are significantly different from the variances due to random perturbations in the initial conditions, variances for days 31-60 are not so distinguishable. These results suggest that the evolution of long waves remains predictable for between one month and 45 days.
Post-ischemic changes in protein kinase C RNA in the gerbil brain following prolonged periods of recirculation: a phosphorimaging study.

Northern blot analysis was performed to investigate the long-term changes in mRNA expression of protein kinase C (PKC) in the gerbil brain following transient cerebral ischemia. We have previously demonstrated an increase in mRNA levels of certain Ca2+ -independent forms of PKC in early recirculation periods i.e., 6 h and 24 h postischemia (PI). But, since neuronal death in susceptible regions usually occurs 2–3 days following ischemia, this study examined the mRNA levels of PKC after prolonged periods of reperfusion following ischemia. The mRNA expression was also examined at an early recirculation period, i.e., 1 h, to determine how early the alterations begin to occur. Global forebrain ischemia was produced in gerbils by 10 min of bilateral carotid artery occlusion. RNA was prepared from forebrains of nonischemic controls and PI animals following 1 h, 3 d, and 7 d of recirculation (n=3 to 4 in each group) and hybridized with synthetic oligonucleotide probes for PKC, δ, e, and ζ based on cDNA sequences in rat and labelled with32P. The autoradiographs were recorded and quantified by a sensitive system, Phosphor Imager, followed by conventional x-ray film exposure. The mRNA levels of all 3 PKC isozymes examined were found to be elevated as early as 1 h recirculation following ischemia. The increases in mRNA levels of both δ PKC following 6 h and 24 h of recirculation as well as that of ζ PKC following 24 h of recirculation, as reported earlier, return to control levels by 3 d PI and remain at that level 7 d PI. The changes in mRNA expression of PKC e tended to follow a similar course, but there were wide variations within each group. These data suggest that PKC may have important roles in the pathophysiology of ischemic neuronal injury starting early during the initial periods of reperfusion and continuing until the appearance of delayed neuronal death.
The incorporation of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into porcine platelet phospholipids and their effects on platelet thromboxane A2 release

Abstract We investigated the dynamic changes in fatty acid (FA) composition in platelet phospholipid (PL) and in the release of thromboxane from stimulated platelets in pigs prefed a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n-3 and n-6 families of FAs. For 20 days, we fed pigs diets supplemented with either corn oil, fish oil, or fish and borage oil. Platelets were separated from blood drawn at baseline and then on day 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 of the dietary regimen. Analysis of the FA contained in platelet PL demonstrated that significant changes in PUFA composition occurred during dietary supplementation with fish oil and fish and borage oil. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from fish oil was rapidly incorporated into PL of platelets and reached a steady-state plateau by day 12. An increase in the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the platelets' PL was observed in both groups receiving fish oil. This increase in n-3 PUFA in platelet PL occurred with a concomitant decrease in the content of n-6 FA, primarily of arachidonic acid (AA) in the PL of platelets in both fish oil groups. Dietary supplementation with borage oil, which contains gammalinolenic acid (GLA), increased dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA) content in platelet PL. Following A 23187 stimulation of platelets, levels of thromboxane B 2 (TxB 2 ), the stable metabolite of thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2 ), were significantly suppressed in both fish oil groups compared to the corn oil-supplemented group. Dietary supplementation of EPA and EPA plus GLA increased platelet PL content of EPA, and EPA and DGLA, respectively. Following platelet stimulation, TxA 2 production was significantly increased, an increase that was attenuated in the platelets from pigs prefed fish oil, and even more so in the fish and borage-oil-prefed pigs.
The Relationship Between Clinical Decision Making and Ethical Decision Making

Summary Ethical issues involved in physiotherapy practice are examined in the context of clinical decision making. Similarities between one clinical decision making model and one ethical decision making model support the concept of incorporating ethical decision making into the daily practice of physiotherapy. The ethical issues of patient autonomy, informed consent, interprofessional relations, and resource distribution are analysed in relation to the practice of physiotherapy. A case example demonstrates how ethical decision making can be incorporated into a physiotherapy treatment decision.
Publishing and patenting the fruits of academic research: the key to a successful parallel track

Researchers can participate in the patent process without sacrificing a robust publishing career. The key is timing, combined with a basic understanding of how the patent process works.
Polyvore Collaboration: Innovation in Informal Online Affiliation Networks

Abstract Online communities engaged in collaborative exchange exhibit characteristics of spontaneous communitas as defined by Victor Turner (1982). Interactions taking place in these communities also correspond to Harrison White's (2008) concept of network formation as a tension between identity and control. A social network analysis of activities in the Polyvore community maps the behavior of members as they oscillate between liminoid transactions and structured integration; between creativity and conformity. An affiliation network is a two-mode network consisting of a set of actors and a set of events. This paper studies an affiliation network as it develops within the Polyvore community.
Role of Higher-"Mode" Pushover Analyses in Seismic Analysis of Buildings

Abstract The role of higher-“mode” pushover analyses in seismic analysis of buildings is examined in this paper. It is demonstrated that the higher-“mode” pushover curves reveal plastic hinge mechanisms that are not detected by the first-“mode” or other FEMA-356 force distributions, but these purely local mechanisms are not likely to develop during realistic ground motions in an otherwise regular building without a soft and/or weak story. Furthermore, the conditions necessary for “reversal” of a higher-“mode” pushover curve are examined. It is shown that “reversal” in a higher-“mode” pushover curve occurs after formation of a mechanism if the resultant force above the bottom of the mechanism is in the direction that moves the roof in a direction opposite to that prior to formation of the mechanism. Such “reversal” can occur only in higher-“mode” pushover analyses but not in the pushover analyses for the first-“mode” or other FEMA-356 force distributions. However, the “reversal” in higher-“mode” pushover c...
Developing Nutrition Programs for High Producing Dairy Herds

Abstract Herd average milk production continues to increase in the US. Average milk production in Holstein herds enrolled in DHI testing programs surpassed 9000 kg in some states in 1991. Individual dairy herds have produced > 14,000 kg per cow per lactation. The upper limit for milk production per cow continues to increase. A challenge exists in developing nutrition programs for these herds. The goal is to attain efficient and profitable levels of milk production while maintaining herd health and reproductive performance. Evaluation of rations currently fed to high producing herds indicate that these rations are consistent with current nutrient requirement guidelines. Many high producing herds have average DMI >4% of BW. Ration formulation principles and nutrient requirements used in development of feeding programs for high producing herds are similar to methods already in use. Optimizing DMI, optimizing rumen fermentation, and providing supplemental nutrients are key factors in meeting tissue nutrient demands in this formulation process.
Submicron YBa2Cu3O7-δ grain boundary junction dc SQUIDs

We have fabricated and measured the properties of micron size single grain boundary junctions and dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). The width of the junctions was varied between 0.25 and 2 microns. The noise properties of SQUIDs made of these junctions have been characterized. The white noise level, 3 × 10−31J/Hz measured at 77 K, approaches the theoretical limit. The source of 1/f noise is identified and associated with critical current fluctuations.
Philippine “People Power” Revolution Revisited

In the mid-1980s, San Francisco Examiner photographer Kim Komenich and staff writer Phil Bronstein documented the political upheaval in the Philippines that resulted in the ouster of President Ferd...
Work and the Welfare Cadillac: The Function of and Commitment to Work Among the Hard-Core Unemployed

Interviews were conducted with 275 chronically unemployed persons to ascertain the extent of their commitment to work and the functions it performed for them. It was found that work was viewed as the legitimate source of sustenance; their commitment to it was as strong as that of employed white-and blue-collar workers who had been investigated in other studies using the same methodological technique. While the economic function of work appeared to be paramount among them, there was a marked tendency to prize work for the social function that it provided by conferring respectability on the employed individual. Despite the extreme deprivation which characterized their lives, most accepted the dominant work ethic prevalent in this country and frequently evidenced negative attitudes toward recipients of public assistance and persons who did not want to work.
Guenter Lewy's The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey

The dust jacket of Guenther Lewy’s The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey: A Disputed Genocide2 features Norman Stone’s assertion that this book, ‘‘which has Olympian fair-mindedness as well as thorough knowledge of the various sources, now replaces everything else.’’ Lewy claims, in his book, to be situated outside the parameters of what he describes as ‘‘the Turkish view’’ and ‘‘the Armenian view.’’ Having positioned himself as being above such partisanship, he also claims that his book ‘‘subjects the rich historical evidence available to the test of consistency and (as much as the state of knowledge allows) attempts to sort out the validity of the rival arguments’’ (x). Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Tampa Library at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact scholarcommons@usf.edu. Recommended Citation Ak cam, Taner (2008) "Guenter Lewy's The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 3: Iss. 1: Article 8. Available at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol3/iss1/8 Guenter Lewy’s The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey
A Novel Device for Producing Three-Dimensional Objects

This work describes a novel device for producing three-dimensional objects that has been developed using a liquid crystal display as a programmable, dynamic mask and visible light to initiate photopolymerization. This device has the potential to produce three-dimensional objects of comparable quality to the existing commercial devices, but in significantly less time. Additionally, capital, maintenance and operating costs are expected to be substantially lower than those for laser-based systems. The reduction in time and expense could expand this technology into the realm of custom part production and further increase the accessibility and usefulness of solid freeform fabrication and rapid prototyping.
High resolution absorption cross section measurements of SO2 at 213 K in the wavelength region 172–240 nm

Abstract Laboratory measurements at high resolution of the absorption cross section of SO2 at the temperature 213 K have been performed in the wavelength region 172–240 nm with a 6.65 m scanning spectrometer/spectrograph operated at an instrumental width of 0.002 nm. The measured cross sections are presented graphically in representative wavelength regions and are available throughout the region 172–240 nm at wavenumber intervals of 0.4–0.1 cm−1 as a numerical tabulation stored on magnetic tape from the National Space Science Data Center, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A. The measured cross sections, which are relevant to the photochemistry of planetary atmospheres, possess significantly more spectroscopic structure, and are more accurate, than previous measurements made at lower resolution.
Effective group interactions: some aspects of group projects in computer science courses

Having students work in groups in a computer science course is excellent preparation for the realities of the jobs thestudents are likely to be doing upon graduation. Most software systems are of a large enough size that it is not reasonable for one person to do. Hence team formation is the usual response to a problem that cannot be solved by one person.We have taught a number of group project courses in software engineering and systems analysis and design, and have discovered that an understanding of the specific interactions that occur in a group environment can be immeasurably helpful. The principles that follow [4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12] apply to group projects generally.
Turbulence in falling liquid films

On the basis of fluid dynamic and heat transfer studies on falling-film towers by various investigators, it has been commonly accepted by most workers that the liquid flow is essentially streamline in nature for liquid-film Reynolds numbers under 1,800 to 2,000; conseuquently it would be expected that the rate of physical gas absorption in such liquid films could be predicted directly from a knowledge of molecular diffusion rates. Measurements of the absorption of pure gases in falling liquid films at low Reynolds numbers substantiated the findings of other investigators that the mass transfer rates were manyfold greater than could have been predicted if molecular diffusion were the only transfer process. Increased interfacial area due to rippling of the liquid films could not account for the large increase in mass transfer rates found, and experiments with the addition of a dye stream to the liquid at the freer interface indicated turbulence. Dissolution rates of slightly soluble solids coated on the tube wall to liquid films were measured and showed that the liquid film was not in laminar flow even for Reynolds numbers as low as 300. An explanation is proposed which resolves these apparently conflicting results between momentum and heat and mass transfer, based on the fact that mass transfer measurements provide a more sensitive test for the presence of turbulence than do momentum or heat transfer measurements.
Appropriations Politics in Congress: The House Appropriations Committee and the Executive Agencies

In the topsy-turvy world of congressional budgeting, last year's analysis is often out of date this year. How, then, could a work as old as most college sophomores have any relevance today? Richard Fenno's The Power of the Purse is a classic that passes the most challenging test of all time. Despite the very significant changes that have occurred in the congressional budget and appropriations processes, more than mere historical interest is to be found in Fenno's masterful study. While there are many relevant parts of the book, the following selection is from Fenno's exploration of the interplay between agency budget officials and the appropriations subcommittees. It was a pleasure to read these chapters again and I suspect that many other readers will be surprised at how insightful and fresh the study remains.
Physical and physiological characteristics of micropressure ejection of drugs from multibarreled pipettes

Abstract The micropressure ejection technique was characterized in vivo as well as in vitro. Volumes of radiolabelled drug released from multibarreled pipettes by this method increased linearly with increasing ejection pressure or time. This was reflected in vivo by graded inhibitions of cortical cell activity with increasing ejection pressures of enkephalin. The linearity of this response was independent of interejection time, suggesting that there is no warm-up phenomenon with the micropressure ejection technique. In vitro, interejection times did not affect the amount of 3H-sucrose released by micropressure ejection. The volume of drug released by micropressure ejection was highly reproducible. Likewise, the responses of cerebellar Purkinje cells to repeated pressure applications of norepinephrine or GABA were uniform over long periods of time. The variability in drug release between two barrels of a multibarreled pipette, or between two pipettes using micropressure ejection, was also considerably less than that observed with microiontophoresis. In addition to the linearity and reproducibility of micropressure ejection, these studies demonstrate that substances which are difficult to apply by iontophoresis, such as peptides, are readily applied by this method.
Fine structure of developing hagfish erythrocytes with particular reference to the cytoplasmic organelles.

Cytological changes accompanying the maturation of erythrocytes in the “Pacific hagfish” (Eptatretus stoutii) were studied. Great numbers of immature and mitotically dividing red blood cells in the peripheral circulation of the hagfish appear to indicate that extensive differentiation and proliferation occurs in the blood stream of this animal. The immature erythrocytes contained mitochondria, Golgi membranes, centrioles, microtubules and a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Intermediate stages revealed lysosomes in the cytoplasm. With progressive differentiation the hagfish erythrocytes accumulate hemoglobin and lose most of their cytoplasmic organelles. The various cytoplasmic organelles are apparently lost through a degradation process brought about by lysosomal autolysis. The undigested products of degradation such as mitochondrial and other intercellular membranes are apparently extruded by way of the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane of young as well as mature erythrocytes display evidence of intense pinocytotic activity. The nucleolus undergoes a reduction in size with progressive maturation. The cytoplasm of mature erythrocytes consists predominantly of hemoglobin. An equatorial microtubular marginal band is identifiable in differentiating erythrocytes.
A new aggregation approximation procedure for solving closed queueing networks with simultaneous resource possession

A new aggregation approximation procedure is presented for analyzing single class closed queueing networks with simultaneous resource possession. It is applicable to multiple entry systems such as I/O models and relies on a new multi-entrance queue to aggregate the subnetwork with simultaneous resource possession into a variable rate queue. The resulting network is solved using conventional product form techniques. The multi-entrance queue has a service rate function that depends on the utilization of the primary resources of the subnetwork which enables calculation of the delay due to queueing for a specific resource, even when others are available. It has a product form solution, different from the solution currently known. A major advantage of the procedure is that the aggregation can be reversed to obtain estimates of low level performance parameters once the solution is obtained. A solution algorithm is presented along with two examples. Results are compared with simulation models.