cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Manipulation of the Fatty Acid Composition of Plant Lipids

There are, in principle, many attractive opportunities for using recombinant DNA techniques to manipulate the lipid metabolism of higher plants. For instance, there are currently no major field crops that are used as a source of medium chain fatty acids (C8 – C12). If we understood the factors that regulate the acyl group chain length of storage lipids, it might be possible to genetically engineer one or more crop species to produce medium or very long chain fatty acids. Similarly, if detailed information were available concerning the enzymes which regulate fatty acid desaturation, it might be possible to use cloned genes for these enzymes to manipulate the fatty acid composition of many species to suit specific industrial needs. There are also many conceivable applications of recombinant DNA techniques to the manipulation of membrane lipid composition for both applied and academic ends. For instance, because of the possible importance of membrane lipid composition in the temperature responses of plants,1 it may be possible to genetically modify economically important crop species to better suit particular environmental conditions.
Hardwired to Monitor: An Empirical Investigation of Agency-Type Social Contracts in Business Organizations

This chapter, grounded in empirical analysis, supports the position adopted by evolutionary psychologists that the human brain is hardwired to solve adaptive problems involving social exchange relationships. First, the evolutionary psychology hypothesis regarding social exchange is presented and explained in terms of its relevance to business. It is argued that the presence of cheater-detection/social-contract neural algorithms is ubiquitous among all members of a human population regardless of formal business training. In Study 1, I test the hypothesis on a sample of 300 business practitioners and students. Additionally, this study examines whether human brain circuits are structured to recognize agency-type arrangements in firms. In a second experiment, the effect of organizational work experience was tested to discover whether there exist moderating factors on the activation of cheater-detection circuits in a business context. It is posited that although corporate agents’ minds are biologically evolved to identify violators in social contract situations, the neural circuits responsible for detecting these breaches are influenced by organizational components including, organizational culture, that affect individuals’ perceptions of the terms of the exchange. Implications for business practitioners and researchers are offered.
Influence of Early Salt Diet on Taste and Blood Pressure in Rats

This chapter represents, in part, a progress report on a research program investigating the influence of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to NaCl on the development of adult taste preferences and aversions and blood pressure regulation in Sprague-Dawley rats. The research program’s focus is on development and plasticity with the view that the structure and function of the neuroendocrine systems that control sodium and blood pressure regulation are immature during early stages of development and amenable to change due to dietary experience. The research program unites the effort of five independent investigators each of whom having unique expertise on sensory and regulatory behavior and neuroendocrine mechanisms. The investigators are Neil E. Rowland, Alan C. Spector, and Michael J. Katovich from the University of Florida, and James C. Smith and myself at the Florida State University. Robert M. Werner, a Research Veterinarian, directs an animal core facility at FSU for breeding and raising the experimental animals under strict dietary treatment conditions for the research of the five laboratories. The multiproject research program has been in existence for two years. However, the research has its historical roots in the literature dealing with the neuroendocrine mechanisms of motivation, particularly that dealing with hunger, thirst, and salt appetite.
The Relationship Between Loneliness and Social Interaction in Women Prisoners

The increase in women prisoners is a societal issue and affects not only the woman, but also her family of origin and her children. This study did not support the hypothesis that more frequent visits from friends or family decrease loneliness, but it did support the hypothesis that the presence or absence of friends and the number of friends within the facility make a significant difference in the loneliness experienced by women prisoners. It is within the scope of nursing practice to lessen the burden of loneliness and to improve the physical and emotional health of the person by addressing the issue of loneliness.
“Blame These Days, Don’t Blame Me!”: Rewriting Medieval Arabic in Maghrebi National Literature and Drama

This article examines two crucial moments of literary adaptation in twentieth-century North Africa, when Classical Arabic prose takes on a central but rarely acknowledged position in emerging national arts. Maḥmūd al-Masʿadī and al-Ṭayyib al-Ṣiddīqī destabilize the accepted critical account of Arabic literature’s modernization. Whereas literary historians have argued that writers eschewed restrictive Classical forms and Arabized Western genres, al-Masʿadī and al-Ṣiddīqī directly apply Prophetic ḥadīth and humorous maqāmāt to the novel and drama. Their gesture toward medieval prose gives them an ethical master key, allowing them to engage pious Islamic discourse and shift abruptly to the disingenuous, pragmatic world of the maqāmāt. However, in the charged field of national literature, their maneuvers provide them substantially less comfort than they seek. Presenting their ambitious modern prose as Classical, they force a broad variety of genres into a single continuum of Arab-Islamic identity. Such a historiography requires that we parse the categories that al-Masʿadī and al-Ṣiddīqī conjoin, a challenge largely unmet amidst the accolades they have received over the past five decades. Al-Masʿadī and al-Ṣiddīqī deepen the anxiety of form that they assiduously attempt to relieve. The Arabic novel and drama, although portrayed in criticism as the iconoclast tools of modernity, drive these authors deep into torturous examinations of the literary past. Maghrebi literature exposes the enduring rifts between centuries-old narrative traditions and the urgent task of forming national canons during an era of political independence.
Booksplat: A Misfire on the Use of Force by Western Democracies

Every now and then, I come across a book with which I have so much disagreement that it is hard to know where to begin. Regrettably, this is the case with Professor Bruce Cronin’s Bugsplat: The Pol...
Effects of Crystal Orientation and Pre-existing Defects on Nanoscale Mechanical Properties of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Thin Films

Effects of crystal orientation and pre-existing defects on tensile properties of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (YSTZ) thin films are investigated by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. The tensile strength and strain show clear orientation dependence. Under uniaxial tensile loading, the YSTZ thin films are found to fail through fracture along {110} cleavage planes. dislocations are observed to form in the [100]-, [010]- and [001]-oriented models. Besides, the {110} cleavage planes are noticed to be rough, twisted and tangled around the center of the [100]- and [001]-oriented films, which is responsible for large strains at tensile strength. The simulated Young’s modulus and tensile strength are comparable to the experimental and first principle values. Overall, pre-existing defects could change the fracture pathway and negatively affect the tensile strength and strain in most of the studied cases.
Soil moisture regime and canopy closure structure subalpine understory development during the first three decades following fire

Abstract Subalpine coniferous forests are adapted to cycles of fire and successional development, but increasing fire frequency and severity are altering historical stand structure, composition, and plant diversity. For instance, conifer regeneration has become increasingly variable as a result of prolonged aridity following fire, but the potential cascading effects on understory community development remain virtually unexplored. We used a natural experiment to investigate the relationships among understory plant succession, soil moisture regime, and variable tree canopy development over 30 years following the 1988 fires in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, U.S.A. In 1990, at each of two study areas, plots were established in different site types defined by burn status (burned or unburned) and soil moisture regime (mesic or xeric), determined using biophysical indicators. We asked: (1) Are differences in soil moisture regime associated with differences in understory community composition (species richness, diversity, and functional group representation) during the first three decades after fire? (2) Does the relationship between soil moisture regime and community composition change over time as subcanopy (height >137 cm) tree densities increase? We confirmed our original designations of soil moisture regime using in situ measurements of soil moisture. Over the first decade of succession, species richness and diversity were lower in xeric-burned than in mesic-burned plots. Nearly 30 years after fire at the south-aspect study area, where subcanopy tree densities were low, seral understories diverged by soil moisture regime. There, graminoid cover was 23-fold higher, and forb cover was 3-fold lower, in xeric-burned than in mesic-burned plots. In contrast, in the mixed aspect study area, subcanopy tree densities were markedly higher. There, the understory did not vary by soil moisture regime, converging successionally and becoming more similar to unburned forest communities. Our results suggest that site-specific soil moisture regimes structure the early trajectory of post-fire understory recovery, but the relationship diminishes as tree canopies develop over time. However, under a warming climate, variable tree canopy development may compound increasing aridity, particularly on xeric sites, resulting in decreases in plant diversity and forb cover, increases in graminoid cover, and the potential for altered successional dynamics.
Understanding transnational bribery: a corporate crime framework

Despite calls for utilizing white-collar and corporate crime frameworks to study corruption, the role of corporations in supplying bribes to foreign government officials is not well understood. In the current study, we draw upon a recent framework designed to examine the transnational corporate bribery process from an opportunity theory perspective. We apply the framework to a sample of individuals and organizations with enforcement actions levied against them by the United States Department of Justice’s Fraud Section for violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 between 2011 and 2016. Using an exploratory mixed methods approach, we assess the prevalence and qualitative nature of multiple components of the framework. Our goal is to develop a systematic way to apply it to different sets of bribery data and to move toward a fuller theoretical account of transnational corporate bribery. Our findings demonstrate the significance of the corporate role in foreign bribery, the utility of the bribery process framework, and some areas of refinement and future theoretical development.
Healthcare experience design: A conceptual and methodological framework for understanding the effects of usability on the access, delivery, and receipt of healthcare

Health information technology (HIT) is a key component of healthcare today and has the potential to help support the quadruple aim of patient-centered healthcare. The access, delivery, and receipt of healthcare involves many stakeholders interacting with different HIT, and the usability of HIT is known to impact the acceptance and adoption of HIT, as well as health outcomes of populations. Understanding the influence that various individual and contextual factors have on the usability of HIT is challenging because of the network of interactions between humans and technology that occur in the same or different contexts within a unique healthcare system. Yet, it is important to identify usability problems in order to be able to design and implement HIT. This article begins by describing the current use of HIT with respect to the healthcare landscape. Next, usability is defined and demonstrated to play a critical role in users’ acceptance and adoption of HIT. The remainder of the article describes a new framework called, healthcare experience design. The healthcare experience design framework models the healthcare experience, which is defined as the composite of all of an individual’s interactions with other humans and HIT. The healthcare experience design framework is a useful conceptual model and methodological approach to identify usability problems in the healthcare system, and its practical application is illustrated using an artificial use case. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2020.12.028
Supercharging Prions via Amyloid-Selective Lysine Acetylation.

Repulsive electrostatic forces between prion-like proteins are a barrier against aggregation. In neuropharmacology, however, a prion's net charge (Z) is not a targeted parameter. Compounds that selectively boost prion Z remain unreported. Here, we synthesized compounds that amplified the negative charge of misfolded superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) by acetylating lysine-NH3 + in amyloid-SOD1, without acetylating native-SOD1. Compounds resembled a "ball and chain" mace: a rigid amyloid-binding "handle" (benzothiazole, stilbene, or styrylpyridine); an aryl ester "ball"; and a triethylene glycol chain connecting ball to handle. At stoichiometric excess, compounds acetylated up to 9 of 11 lysine per misfolded subunit (ΔZfibril =-8100 per 103 subunits). Acetylated amyloid-SOD1 seeded aggregation more slowly than unacetylated amyloid-SOD1 in vitro and organotypic spinal cord (these effects were partially due to compound binding). Compounds exhibited reactivity with other amyloid and non-amyloid proteins (e.g., fibrillar α-synuclein was peracetylated; serum albumin was partially acetylated; carbonic anhydrase was largely unacetylated).
Deleterious Mutations Accumulate Faster in Allopolyploid than Diploid Cotton (Gossypium) and Unequally Between Subgenomes

Abstract Whole genome duplication (polyploidization) is among the most dramatic mutational processes in nature, so understanding how natural selection differs in polyploids relative to diploids is an important goal. Population genetics theory predicts that recessive deleterious mutations accumulate faster in allopolyploids than diploids due to the masking effect of redundant gene copies, but this prediction is hitherto unconfirmed. Here, we use the cotton genus (Gossypium), which contains seven allopolyploids derived from a single polyploidization event 1-2 million years ago, to investigate deleterious mutation accumulation. We use two methods of identifying deleterious mutations at the nucleotide and amino acid level, along with whole-genome resequencing of 43 individuals spanning six allopolyploid species and their two diploid progenitors, to demonstrate that deleterious mutations accumulate faster in allopolyploids than in their diploid progenitors. We find that, unlike what would be expected under models of demographic changes alone, strongly deleterious mutations show the biggest difference between ploidy levels, and this effect diminishes for moderately and mildly deleterious mutations. We further show that the proportion of nonsynonymous mutations that are deleterious differs between the two co-resident subgenomes in the allopolyploids, suggesting that homoeologous masking acts unequally between subgenomes. Our results provide a genome-wide perspective on classic notions of the significance of gene duplication that likely are broadly applicable to allopolyploids, with implications for our understanding of the evolutionary fate of deleterious mutations. Finally, we note that some measures of selection (e.g. dN/dS, πN/πS) may be biased when species of different ploidy levels are compared.
Trends in Job Quality for African-American Workers, 1979–2011

Economists expect that increases in education and work experience will increase workers’ productivity and translate into higher compensation. We use data from the March Current Population Survey (CPS) to show that over the past four decades, the “human capital” of the employed black workforce has increased enormously, yet the share of black workers in a “good job” --one that pays at least $19 per hour (in inflation-adjusted 2011 dollars), has employer-provided health insurance, and an employer-sponsored retirement plan-- has actually declined. The CPS data show that black women saw a modest increase in access to “good jobs,” but the share of black men in good jobs decreased. Despite improvements for black women, they were consistently less likely to be in a good job than black men in every year in our sample. Black workers at every age and education level were also less likely to be in a good job in 2011 than they were in 1979.
Laboratory Information System Operations and Regulations

The mission of the computerized laboratory information system (LIS) is to manage laboratory workflow, patient information, and deliver results for patient clinical management accurately and in a timely manner. In recent years, the laboratory has been under pressure to enhance their workflow (e.g., Lean initiatives, automation, and tracking) and to expand the menu of tests offered for them to remain competitive, while at the same time improve their quality of service. In order to accomplish this, the LIS needs to remain continuously operational with minimal or no downtime. Moreover, LIS staff needs to ensure that all operations are compliant with mandated rules and regulations. Optimal LIS operations depend on having adequate, dedicated and skilled informatics staff.
Race, Class, and Gender Essentialism in Tax Literature: The Joint Return

The current literature discussing the federal tax laws' gender bias ignores all racial differences among women. Even the few authors who have acknowledged class distinctions similarly ignore racial differences among women. This Article demonstrates how the literature's gender essentialism masks the bias in the federal tax laws based upon race, class, and gender inways previously ignored.
Comment on "Efficacy of Alendronate for Preventing Collapse of Femoral Head in Adult Patients with Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis".

I read with great interest the review by Hong et al. [1] and have the following comments to offer. As a meta-analysis, the literature selection is a very important step. Failure to pick up the suitable one could lead to a bias or even a totally wrong conclusion in the article. In this review, I found that the authors wanted to include the randomized controlled trial (RCT); however, one of the included trails [2] is not an RCT but a prospective comparative study with Level II. Moreover, the purpose of this review was to study the efficacy of alendronate, but another included trial [3], in which the two compared groups were extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) versus ESWT + hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) + alendronate treatment still needs to be further checked. It seems inappropriate to include this trial for the efficacy of alendronate could not be obtained alone but at least combined with HOT. Hence, I think both the authors and the reviews should be careful when they deal with such kind of research.
Purification of peptidyl transfer ribonucleic acid from rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes.

A purification scheme for peptidyl transfer RNA has been developed using rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes as the starting material. Completed and released (from tRNA) globin chains are rigidly excluded. Ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins are also removed. The procedure has also been successfully applied to Escherichia coli and rat liver ribosomes and may have general applicability for the preparation of peptidyl-tRNA from a number of ribosomal sources. The method consists of treatment of ribosomes with LiCl to precipitate rRNA, removal of the LiCl by gel filtration, and ion exchange purification on diethylaminoethylcellulose. Urea is present in all steps, and the pH is maintained on the acid side of neutrality to protect the ester bond between the tRNA and the peptide. A Sephadex G-200 column run in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate is used to detect the peptidyl-tRNA. Initial studies of the peptides released from rabbit reticulocyte peptidyl-tRNA indicate the presence of completed globin chains bound to the ribosomes as globyl-tRNA.
Multiple copies of a bile acid-inducible gene in Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708.

Abstract Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 is an anaerobic intestinal bacterium which possesses inducible bile acid 7-dehydroxylation activity. Several new polypeptides are produced in this strain following induction with cholic acid. Genes coding for two copies of a bile acid-inducible 27,000-dalton polypeptide (baiA1 and baiA2) have been previously cloned and sequenced. We now report on a gene coding for a third copy of this 27,000-dalton polypeptide (baiA3). The baiA3 gene has been cloned in lambda DASH on an 11.2-kilobase DNA fragment from a partial Sau3A digest of the Eubacterium DNA. DNA sequence analysis of the baiA3 gene revealed 100% homology with the baiA1 gene within the coding region of the 27,000-dalton polypeptides. The baiA2 gene shares 81% sequence identity with the other two genes at the nucleotide level. The flanking nucleotide sequences associated with the baiA1 and baiA3 genes are identical for 930 bases in the 5' direction from the initiation codon and for at least 325 bases in the 3' direction from the stop codon, including the putative promoter regions for the genes. An additional open reading frame (occupying from 621 to 648 bases, depending on the correct start codon) was found in the identical 5' regions associated with the baiA1 and baiA3 clones. The 5' sequence 930 bases upstream from the baiA1 and baiA3 genes was totally divergent. The baiA2 gene, which is part of a large bile acid-inducible operon, showed no homology with the other two genes either in the 5' or 3' direction from the polypeptide coding region, except for a 15-base-pair presumed ribosome-binding site in the 5' region. These studies strongly suggest that a gene duplication (baiA1 and baiA3) has occurred and is stably maintained in this bacterium.
Congenital Malformations in the Extrahepatic Biliary Tree in Children Biliary Atresia

Biliary atresia is a disorder in which there is obliteration or discontinuity of the extrahepatic biliary tree. If untreated it leads to cirrhosis, liver failure and death in less than 2 years after birth. The disorder of the biliary tree is the end result of a panductal sclerosing process appearing before birth with gradual loss of patency of the biliary system which is completed around birth. The biliary structures disappear and fibrous tissue remains at 4 months. The histology of the liver is characterized by a non-specific giant cell transformation and portal expansion by fibrous tissue with ductural proliferation followed by ductopenia, fibrosis and cirrhosis [1]
Knowing into oblivion: Clearing wastelands and imagining emptiness in Vietnamese New Urban Zones

Lands cleared for Vietnamese New Urban Zones are commonly described as ‘wastelands’ (đất hoang) in need of development. But clearing these lands in Vietnam's densely populated urban areas requires evicting large numbers of urban residents. How is it possible to render populated spaces as empty wastelands? This paper juxtaposes new ethnographic research in Ho Chi Minh City against historical scholarship on Vietnamese concepts of ‘clearing the wasteland’ and colonial civilizing projects of mise en valeur. In doing so, the article describes these concepts as parallel legitimizing strategies that effectively enable developers and planners to render previously occupied and utilized lands as empty, uninhabited wastelands. The article shows that the same narrative structure used in these earlier contexts is used to justify current urban development projects.
Geochemical and statistical evidence of deep carbonate groundwater within overlying volcanic rock aquifers/aquitards of southern Nevada, USA

Abstract Samples collected from springs and wells in southern Nevada were analyzed for major solutes and trace elements as part of a larger study to characterize the geochemical signatures of these groundwaters. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the large data sets, including the four major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and 27 trace elements, analyzed in these groundwater samples. Principal components analysis of the major cation data indicates that groundwaters from Cenozoic felsic volcanic rock aquifers/aquitards of southern Nevada exhibit strong chemical associations to each other but weak relationships to groundwaters from the regional carbonate aquifer (which were instead chemically similar to each other). However, PCA of the trace element data demonstrates that some groundwaters from the volcanic aquifers/aquitards are chemically similar to those of the underlying regional carbonate aquifer. The PCA also reveals that these groundwaters from the volcanic aquifers/aquitards have significantly different trace element compositions than perched groundwaters contained within similar felsic volcanic rocks. Moreover, rare earth element (REE) data from groundwaters collected from wells finished in the volcanic aquifers/aquitards of southern Nevada have similar concentrations and similar shale-normalized patterns to the carbonate aquifer groundwaters as well as local carbonate rocks. These same southern Nevada well waters do not exhibit REE concentrations or shale-normalized signatures that resemble the perched volcanic groundwaters or the tuffs of southern Nevada. The REE data and trace element PCA, along with previous carbon isotope analyses, water temperature data, hydraulic head relations, and results of a recent pump test of a well near Yucca Mountain, suggest close contact of the regional carbonate groundwaters and groundwaters from the overlying volcanic rocks of southern Nevada and possible upwelling of the carbonate groundwaters into the overlying volcanic rock units in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain.
Use of Colloidal Particles to Improve the Biocatalytic Activity of Microorganisms

Two cell-associated yeast enzyme systems have been shown to be influenced by the addition of biochemically inert colloidal particles to the growth medium. Titers of the alcohol oxidase enzyme system of Pichia pastoris and the β-glucosidase system of Candida wickerhamii were amplified up to 3-fold through the addition of small (5–10 g/l) amounts of commercial aluminum oxide particles. This discovery is of importance from an applied perspective as a means of increasing biocatalytic efficiency. As well, it provides a means of studying the physiological changes associated with cell sorption, independent of confounding influences such as diffusional limitations that are normally associated with film growth.
METASTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE SIGMOID COLON MASQUERADING AS BILATERAL INTRALUMINAL URETERAL PAPILLOMAS

SUMMARY A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon masquerading as bilateral intraluminal ureteral papillomas followed by bilateral hydronephrosis and urasmia is reported. Tumour involved all layers of the ureteral wall, including the mucosa. Antegrade pyelography is again emphasised as a tool in diagnosing the site and cause of ureteral obstruction in cases where retrograde studies are inadequate. Intrarenal pressure studies obtained during antegrade pyelography may predict the relative function of the kidneys. Cutaneous ureterostomy in situ may be a life–saving operation in a severely ill patient with ureteral obstruction. A definitive form of urinary diversion later is almost always necessary.
Community-Based Services for Juvenile Delinquents: Concept and Implications for Practice

The focus of the article is on the following questions: What constitutes community-based services for juvenile offenders? What practical principles should be followed in providing services to youth in a community context? and, what kinds of territorial and professional conflicts impede the development of community-based services? Language: en
Fourier-Feynman transforms and the first variation

In this paper we complete the following four objectives: 1. We obtain an integration by parts formula for analytic Feynman integrals. 2. We obtain an integration by parts formula for Fourier-Feynman transforms. 3. We find the Fourier-Feynman transform of a functionalF from a Banach algebra after it has been multiplied byn linear factors. 4. We evaluate the analytic Feynman integral of functionals like those described in 3 above. A very fundamental result by Cameron and Storvick [5, Theorem 1], in which they express the analytic Feynman integral of the first variation of a functionalF in terms of the analytic Feynman integral ofF multiplied by a linear factor, plays a key role throughout this paper.
Double-pion electro- and photoproduction viewed from mass-dispersion and current-algebra theory☆

Abstract We discuss the electro- and photoproduction of two pions off nucleons within the frame work of current algebra and the new mass-dispersion relations developed by De Alfaro, Fubini, Furlan, and Rossetti. The results obtained by a one-pion reduction are compared with those obtained in earlier calculations, and the importance of dispersion corrections, not obtained thus far are pointed out. Also noted is that the proposal, suggested by some authors to obtain indirectly by means of the electroproduction process the t-dependence of the axial vector form factor, appears rather dim. Next both pions are reduced out. In the case in which the pions form an iso-singlet important dispersive corrections could be present due to a low-lying σ-meson (if it exists) and the N11+(1400), Roper resonance, intermediate states. Dispersive corrections which effect the amplitudes in which the pions form an iso-quintet are also discussed. The dipion production amplitudes are given for the kinematical configuration in which the pions are at rest in the Breit frame of the nucleons.
Two dimensional infrared spectroscopy and relaxation of aqueous cyanide

The 2D IR spectra of water in the region of the bending/librational mode near 5 μm and the cyanide ion whose vibrational mode is in the same frequency range show that the combination mode and the cyanide mode undergo spectral diffusion on ultrafast time scales. The signals are dominated by a water grating formed by energy deposition following infrared excitation. The grating is formed more rapidly from the combination mode than from the water background mode excitation indicating more effective breaking and making of hydrogen bonds.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome: an intriguing association.

Background:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by massive infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and development of skin cancer. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of chronic conditions that involve dysplastic hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, and a high incidence of progression into leukemia.Methods:We describe the intriguing association of these two premalignant conditions (EV and MDS) in one patient. These diagnoses were confirmed by histopathologic examination and cytogenetic abnormalities of bone marrow cells.Results:The patient presented initially with clinical features typical of EV and impairment of cell-mediated immunity. In the skin lesions, HPVs 23 and 25 were identified by nested polymerase chain reaction. Six years later, he had recurrent episodes of mucosal bleeding with fever, weakness, and fatigue. At this time, severe refractory anemia and neutropenia were observed, and bone marrow smears showed hypercellularity with abnorm...
Strikingly similar electronic structures of [Mn(N)(CN)5]3− and [Mn(NO)(CN)5]3−

Abstract The standard oxidation states of manganese in [Mn(N)(CN) 5 ] 3− and [Mn(NO)(CN) 5 ] 3− differ by four units, as the former complex is Mn(V), but the latter is Mn(I). Employing density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations, we show that the electronic structures of the ground and lowest excited states of these complexes are virtually the same. Thus we suggest that Mn(V)[b 2 (xy)] 2 is a more appropriate formulation of the ground state of [Mn(NO)(CN) 5 ] 3− than Mn(I)[b 2 (xy)] 2 [e(xz,yz)] 4 .
Using GIS mapping of the extent of nearshore rocky reefs to estimate the abundance and reproductive output of important fishery species.

Kelp Bass (Paralabrax clathratus) and California Sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) are economically and ecologically valuable rocky reef fishes in southern California, making them likely indicator species for evaluating resource management actions. Multiple spatial datasets, aerial and satellite photography, underwater observations and expert judgment were used to produce a comprehensive map of nearshore natural rocky reef habitat for the Santa Monica Bay region (California, USA). It was then used to examine the relative contribution of individual reefs to a regional estimate of abundance and reproductive potential of the focal species. For the reefs surveyed for fishes (i.e. 18 out of the 22 in the region, comprising 82% the natural rocky reef habitat 30%) was produced from a relatively small proportion of the regional reef area (c. 10%). Natural nearshore rocky reefs make up only 11% of the area in the newly designated MPAs in this region, but results provide some optimism that regional fisheries could benefit through an increase in overall reproductive output, if adequate increases in size structure of targeted species are realized.
Information preferences of cancer patients ages 11–20 years

This study investigates by written questionnaire the information sources preferred by 63 adolescent cancer patients. Physicians were the most common source. Over half preferred private discussions with a health professional over other formats, and 68% indicated physicians as the health professional of choice. Sixty-eight percent wanted parents included. Only 35% indicated that additional information would be personally helpful, while 42% and 45%, respectively, stated that families and friends should have more information. No relationship between diagnosis or sex and the patients' responses was found. Newly diagnosed patients were less likely to perceive physicians as their main information sources or want additional information. Patients in active illness phases were also less desirous of additional information. Younger patients were more likely to prefer information only from parents, to avoid group discussions, and to negate wanting friends to receive additional information. Hispanics were most likely to want parents to have additional information and to request parental inclusion in discussions.
Keynes' personal investing: Activities and beliefs

Abstract Roy Harrod's positive but cursory assessment of the propriety of John Maynard Keynes' personal investing activities has been indirectly questioned in recent years, suggesting the need to reexamine those activities. This article undertakes that task by first establishing that Keynes' writings indicated his awareness of the social implications of financial investing; and second, by utilizing those writings as the standard against which to judge his investing behavior. The latter comparison of his words and actions reveals that the types of investing activities in which Keynes typically engaged (currency / commodity speculation and stock market investing) were those he believed not only provided the opportunity for personal profit but also enhanced social welfare. These findings point to the conclusion that Keynes was a socially responsible investor.
Noise Characteristics of Combustion Augmented Jets at Midsubsonic Speeds

Noise generation by a subsonic flow discharging from a combustion chamber is examined with regard to the relative importance of combustion as a source of noise in such a flow system. Measurements of pressure fluctuations inside the combustor are compared with far-field noise measurements by direct cross-correlations. The cross-correlations and derived cross-spectral densities verify that much of the noise originates inside the combustor. A fluid mechanic perturbation model is used to predict exit plane velocity fluctuations due to internal pressure fluctuations. This unsteadiness at the exit plane is assumed to behave as an acoustic monopole which radiates to the far field. Far-field noise levels estimated on this basis are in good agreement with measured values. The over-all noise level from the combustor/jet is found to be 10-20 db higher than for an equivalent clean, cold jet at the same exit velocity, in the range of 500-700 fps.
HMGA1 Enhances the Transcriptional Activity and Binding of the Estrogen Receptor to Its Responsive Element

The estrogen receptor (ER) plays a critical role in the development of hormone-dependent cancer. Since HMGA1, a member of the "high mobility group" proteins, is overexpressed in certain malignant cells, we investigated the interaction between these nuclear proteins. Transfection of the HMGA 1 expression vector increased 2-fold the transcriptional activation of ERE containing promoter by E 2 . Furthermore, the HMGA1 protein stimulated severalfold the binding of purified ER to the consensus ERE oligonucleotides in gel mobility shift assays and saturation assays. However, HMGA1 could not bind alone either to consensus or to modified EREs, and the minor groove binding drug distamycin A failed to prevent the synergism between ER and HMGA1. This could suggest that the binding of HMGA1 to DNA was not required for its stimulatory effect. Antibody supershift assays showed that HMGA1 was required for increased binding and suggest a protein-protein interaction between those factors. This was confirmed by pull down assay. These data show that HMGAI acts in concert with the ER to regulate the expression of estrogen responsive genes through a mechanism that does not require direct binding to DNA. These observations may be relevant in malignant cells expressing both proteins.
A transposable element can drive the concerted evolution of tandemly repetitious DNA.

Abstract Recombination and conversion have been proposed to drive the concerted evolution of tandemly repeated DNA sequences. However, specific correction events within the repeated genes of multicellular organisms have not been observed directly, so their nature has remained speculative. We investigated whether the excision of transposable P elements from tandemly repeated sequences would induce unequal gene conversion. Genetically marked elements located in a subtelomeric repeat were mobilized, and the structure of the region was analyzed in progeny. We observed that the number of repeats was frequently altered. Decreases were more common than increases, and this bias probably resulted from intrinsic mechanisms governing P element-induced double-strand break repair. Our results suggest that transposable elements play an important role in the evolution of repetitious DNA.
Keratitis caused by candida glabrata in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease

Abstract PURPOSE: To report an unusual ocular presentation of Candida glabrata in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. METHODS: Interventional case report. A 15-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease presented with bilateral limbal infiltrates. He had been receiving broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics for recurrent liver abscesses. The keratitis did not respond to antibiotics and did not resolve after a course of topical steroids. RESULTS: Corneal cultures revealed Candida glabrata. The same species was simultaneously isolated from the surgical drainage of the liver abscesses. The ocular and hepatic findings resolved on intravenous amphotericin B. CONCLUSION: Candida glabrata has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. It may present as a limbal keratitis in the setting of systemic infection.
Correlating the crystallization kinetics of syndiotactic polystyrene

The Nakamura equation is used to model the crystallization kinetics of syndiotactic polystyrene. Model constants are generated by fitting available data under isothermal conditions. The resulting fit is then applied to available data under constant-cooling-rate conditions, with notable agreement provided the measurements include corrections for thermal lag. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2402–2406, 2004
The Organometallic Chemistry of Carbon Dioxide Pertinent to Catalysis

The mechanistic aspects of the C-X bond forming reactions resulting from CO2 insertion into M-X bonds, where X = H, R, OR, and NR2, must be elaborated if we are to be successful in developing catalysts for processes leading to useful chemicals derived from carbon dioxide. Of the three reactions involving the coupling of CO2 with coordinated ligands (M-H, M-R, M-OR) which are of primary interest in our research, only the C-C bond formation process is generally irreversible.
Reduction of metal carbonyls with alkali metal carbides

Abstract The reaction of Na 2 C 2 and Li 2 C 2 with Mn(CO) 5 Br yields Mn 2 (CO) 10 . The neutral complex Co 4 (CO) 12 has been reduced to the Co 6 (CO) 4− 14 cluster complex with Na 2 C 2 . A similar reaction with Fe 3 (CO) 12 yielded [N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ][HFe 3 (CO) 11 ] upon addition of a methanol solution of [N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ] Br. These reactions may be carried out at room temperature and in tetrahydrofuran solvent.
Effects of delayed mating on reproductive performance of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Virgin male and female Indianmeal moths, Plodia interpunctella (H . ubner), were mated soon after emergence or delayed from mating for 1–5 d, to determine the effect of age at mating on the number of spermatophores transferred by males to females, number of eggs laid (fecundity), egg viability, and adult longevity. When male and female moths were mated without delay, all females mated successfully. On average, each mated female had 2.2 spermatophores and laid 161 eggs. About 99% of the eggs laid were viable. Fecundity and egg viability were significantly and positively correlated with the number of spermatophores/female. For each day that mating of virgin male or female P. interpunctella was delayed, fecundity decreased by about 25 eggs. Egg viability decreased by 22%/d only when females were delayed from mating. Males delayed from mating for 5 d were unable to inseminate females. However, about 23% of females had one spermatophore when females or both males and females were delayed from mating for 5 d. On average, 22–39 non-viable eggs were laid by a female in treatments where male or female moths were delayed from mating for 5 d. Similarly, unmated (virgin) females laid 33 non-viable eggs. These results suggest that methods that can delay and disrupt mating may be effective behavioral strategies for managing this important pest of stored commodities and processed foods. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Crossed-Hands Deficit in Tactile Temporal-Order Judgments: The Effect of Training

Several recent studies have shown that judgments of temporal order for tactile stimuli presented to the two hands are greatly affected by crossing the hands. The size of the threshold for judging temporal order may be up to four times larger with the hands crossed as compared to the hands uncrossed. The results from these recent studies suggest that with crossed hands, contrary to many situations involving the integration of tactile and proprioceptive information, subjects have difficulty in adjusting their perception of tactile inputs to correspond with the spatial positions of the hands. In the present study we examined the effect of training in judging temporal order on the size of this crossed-hands deficit--the difference in the thresholds for temporal-order judgments when the hands are crossed and uncrossed. All training procedures produced significant declines in the size of the deficit. With training, the difference between crossed-hands and uncrossed-hands temporal-order thresholds dropped from several hundred milliseconds to as little as 19 ms. A group of percussionists with experience in playing with crossed hands showed the same crossed-hands effects as non-musicians. The results were consistent in showing that the crossed-hands deficit was never completely eliminated but was greatly reduced with training. The implication is that subjects are able to adjust to the crossed-hands posture with modest amounts of training. The results are discussed in terms of the explanations that have been offered for the crossed-hands deficit.
Observation Of NH Infrared Emission Using Fourier Spectroscopy

The technique of Fourier spectroscopy is instrumental in achieving a high sensitivity for the spectrometry of detecting weak infrared emission sources. In our survey study conducted on the infrared emission of the atmospheric species, this fact is fully appreciated; both the multiplex advantage and the interferometric gain on collecting the infrared photons, together with our emission source of a 36-meter-long electric discharge column, are essential to detect various atmospheric bands and lines, some well known and some little known. Lately, we succeeded to observe the infrared vibration fundamental band of NH which was previously undetected.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A subgrid model for clustering of high-inertia particles in large-eddy simulations of turbulence

Clustering (or preferential concentration) of inertial particles suspended in a homogeneous, isotropic turbulent flow is strongly influenced by the smallest scales of the turbulence. In particle-laden large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulence, these small scales are not captured by the grid and hence their effect on particle motion needs to be modelled. In this paper, we use a subgrid model based on kinematic simulations of turbulence (Kinematic Simulation based SubGrid Model or KSSGM), for the first time in the context of predicting the clustering and the relative velocity statistics of inertial particles. This initial study focuses on the special case of inertial particles in the absence of gravitational settling. We show that the KSSGM gives excellent predictions for clustering in a priori tests for inertial particles with St ≥ 2.0, where St is the Stokes number, defined as the ratio of the particle response time to the Kolmogorov time-scale. To the best of our knowledge, the KSSGM represents the firs...
Phase Behavior of CO2 and Crude Oil in Low-Temperature Reservoirs

Phase behavior of CO/sub 2//crude-oil mixtures which exhibit liquid-liquid (L/L) and liquid/liquid/vapor (L/L/V) equilibria is examined. Results of single-contact phase behavior experiments for CO/sub 2//separator-oil mixture are reported. Experimental results are interpreted using pseudoternary phase diagrams based on a review of phase behavior data for binary and ternary mixtures of CO/sub 2/ with alkanes. Implications for the displacement process of L/L/V phase behavior are examined using a one-dimensional finite difference simulator. Results of the analysis suggest that L/L and L/L/V equilibria will occur for CO/sub 2//crude-oil mixtures at temperatures below about 120/degree/F (49/degree/C) and that development of miscibility occurs by extraction of hydrocarbons from the oil into a CO/sub 2/-rich liquid phase in such systems. 36 refs.