cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear dynamic behavior of parachute static lines

Abstract Static line deployed parachute jumping is the most efficient technique used by the United States Army Airborne Corp to deliver paratroopers to target drop-zones. The static line connects the parachute pack worn by the jumper to the anchor line of the jump aircraft. When the jumper exits the aircraft, slack in the static line is drawn tight as the jumper falls below and to the rear of the aircraft. The resulting tensile force generated in the static line achieves a magnitude of approximately 400 pounds before the parachute pack-closing loop is torn open thereby initiating canopy deployment. In some instances, the jumper becomes entangled in the line and prevents the appropriate tensile force from reaching the pack-closing loop. In most of these cases, the jumper remains entangled and is towed back into the aircraft by a high-speed winch connected to the onboard terminal of the anchor line. On rare occasions, the static line fails and the jumper is required to manually activate the reserve parachute to avoid fatal impact with the ground. Static lines are complex fabric structures that exhibit highly nonlinear behavior while experiencing large deformations. Quasi-static tests were conducted to characterize the behavior of these materials. Drop weight tests simulating actual parachute jumps were also conducted. The forces applied to the test lines were recorded as functions of time. This data is used to determine the force–elongation behavior of the line during the dynamic tests. Results indicate that a significant amount of energy is dissipated during the loading–unloading process. The behavior during the loading phase is similar to that observed during static tests. The unloading phase is significantly different. A mathematical model for the predicting the dynamic response is presented.
DIF: a framework for VLSI multi-level representation

Abstract A new hierarchical interchange format is presented which provides the framework for communication between CAD tools within a VLSI design environment. DIF supports a true hierarchical multi-level design representation and maintains both structural and abstract representations of a design, as well as the inter-relationships between them. For a given design, a DIF description would consist of a set of hierarchically interconnected modules, to each of which is associated a set of attributes which are the abstract representations of these modules. These attributes can span the entire design hierarchy and take any form, such as behavioral specifications, datapath and control specifications, and circuit, logic, and layout representations. An implementation of DIF within the CMU design environment is discussed, and examples of the interaction between DIF and associated CAD tools are presented.
The metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treatment paradigm: more choices, more questions.

opinions on pragmatic use and combinations for future exploration. Although, the topics may be drug-focused, there is the inclusion of broad discussion on entire fields of therapy with historical and pre-clinical perspective. This includes a review of traditional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal agents, bone-specific therapy and other pathways currently under exploration with therapeutic agents in clinical testing. Although, these articles are extremely comprehensive in nature, we must recognize that more therapeutic options naturally lead to more questions of how best to optimize treatment outcomes. Below, we propose some of the most pressing questions facing clinicians in the field of mCRPC. This discussion is accompanied with the caveat that our successes have led to more questions than answers. WHEN SHOULD SIPULEUCEL‑T BE ADMINISTERED? Sipuleucel-T administration comes with many challenges such as lack of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, lack of improvement in progression endpoints and no clear predictive or response biomarkers. Singh and Gulley 15 discuss data from the IMPACT trial that shows that those with the lowest PSA quartile levels at baseline derive the greatest benefit from sipuleucel-T compared to placebo. 16 Although retrospective, these data support the concept that earlier introduction of immunotherapy in patients with a lower disease burden may be optimal. The authors also discuss emerging blood- and tissue-based immune markers that offer pharmacodynamic evidence of in vivo immune response, many with survival correlates. 17
Matrix-vector multiplication in sub-quadratic time: (some preprocessing required)

We show that any n x n matrix A over any finite semiring can be preprocessed in O(n2+e) time, such that all subsequent vector multiplications with A can be performed in O(n2/(elogn)2) time, for all e > 0. The approach is combinatorial and can be implemented on a pointer machine or a (logn)-word RAM. Some applications are described.
Effect of IgA1 Protease on the Ability of Secretory IgA1 Antibodies to Inhibit the Adherence of Streptococcus mutans

Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the principal immunoglobulin isotype present in the mucosal secretions of humans. SIgA is thought to play a major role in host defense at these surfaces by inhibiting the colonization of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. A number of bacteria that are mucosal pathogens of humans produce a protease that specifically cleaves the IgA1 subclass of humans and great apes at the hinge region to produce Fab and Fc fragments. In order to study the effect of IgA1 protease on the ability of SIgA1 antibodies to inhibit bacterial adherence, an in vitro assay that quantifies the adsorption of radiolabeled Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite (HA) beads was employed. High titer S. mutans-specific SIgA1 and SIgA2 antibodies were induced in chimpanzee milk for use in the assay. Fabα1 fragments had significantly reduced ability to inhibit adherence of S. mutans to saliva-coated HA compared to intact SIgA1 or SIgA2 anti-S. mutans antibodies. These data support the potential importance of IgA1 proteases as an ecological determinant in the oral cavity and their role as a determinant of pathogenesis of pathogenic bacteria whose portal of entry is the mucosal surface.
Large-Scale Circulation Model for Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection

A model for the large-scale-circulation (LSC) of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection in cylindrical samples is presented. It consists of two physically motivated stochastic ordinary differential equations, one each for the strength and the azimuthal orientation of the LSC. Stochastic forces represent phenomenologically the influence of turbulent fluctuations. Consistent with measurements, the model yields an azimuthally meandering LSC with occasional rotations, and with more rare cessations. As in experiment, cessations have a uniform distribution of LSC orientation changes.
Environments as Moderators of the Relationship Between Strategy and Performance

Environments have been viewed as key contingency variables for relationships between strategy and performance. Yet, the nature of this contingency relationship has not been resolved; do environments moderate its form or its strength? Using moderated regression analysis and subgroup analysis, this study demonstrated that environments, as measured by characteristics of market structures, moderate the strength but not the form of relationships between strategy variables and performance.
Intralesional Cidofovir for Treating Extensive Genital Verrucous Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Verrucous herpes simplex viral infections in immunocompromised patients can be a therapeutic challenge, and we present a case of successful treatment with intralesional cidofovir.
Ab initio study of the internal rotation barrier of formamide and the formamide–H2O complex

The barriers to internal rotation about the NC bond of formamide and the formamide–H2O complex have been examined by ab initio quantum chemistry methods. Both self-consistent field and correlated approaches have been utilized to determine the geometries, energies, and local harmonic vibrational frequencies of the minimum-energy and transition-state structures of these two systems. We find that formamide's rotation barrier of 14–15 kcal/mol is increased to 16–18 kcal/mol when a single H2O molecule is attached. This result contrasts with the effect of a single H2O solvent molecule on the barrier to tautomerization of formamide (to form formamidic acid HNCHOH) for which a barrier lowering of ca. 20 kcal/mol has been observed. The rotation barriers obtained for formamide and for its H2O complex are compared with barriers obtained experimentally in various solvents. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genes governing resistance to Puccinia hordei in thirteen spring barley accessions

ABSTRACT Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, is an important disease of barley in many parts of the world. In the eastern United States, this disease was effectively controlled for over 20 years through the deployment of cultivars carrying the resistance gene Rph7. Isolates of P. hordei with virulence for Rph7 appeared in this region in the early 1990s rendering barley cultivars with this gene vulnerable to leaf rust infection. From a preliminary evaluation test, 13 accessions from diverse geographic locations possessed resistance to P. hordei isolate VA90-34, which has virulence for genes Rph1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11. Each of these 13 accessions was crossed with susceptible cvs. Moore or Larker to characterize gene number and gene action for resistance to P. hordei. Additionally, the 13 accessions were intercrossed and crossed to host differential lines possessing genes Rph3, Rph5, and Rph9 to determine allelic relationships of resistance genes. Seedlings of F1, F2, and BC1F1 populations were evaluated ...
Conventional MRI volumetric measures of parietal and insular cortex in Alzheimer's disease

1. Although volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies suggest regional cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD), only one prior study documented atrophy of the parietal and insular cortex (Foundas et al, 1993). 2. To further investigate this potential early marker of AD, the authors computed volumetric measures of these regions on conventional axial MRI sections in 25 patients with mild to moderate "probable AD" and 25 age- and sex-matched controls. 3. Regions of interest (ROIs) from T1-axial images (5mm) were scanned into a PCX format (400 dots/inch) and volumes of CSF fluid were calculated using an Autocad program. 4. AD patients showed significant parietal (p < .01) and insular (p < .002) atrophy as compared to controls. 5. These findings suggest that atrophy of the parietal and insular cortex may occur early in AD patients, and that certain quantitative measures on conventional MRI accurately discriminate AD patients from controls.
Rejection Thresholds in Chocolate Milk: Evidence for Segmentation.

Abstract Bitterness is generally considered a negative attribute in food, yet many individuals enjoy some bitterness in products like coffee or chocolate. In chocolate, bitterness arises from naturally occurring alkaloids and phenolics found in cacao. Fermentation and roasting help develop typical chocolate flavor and reduce the intense bitterness of raw cacao by modifying these bitter compounds. As it becomes increasingly common to fortify chocolate with ‘raw’ cacao to increase the amount of healthful phytonutrients, it is important to identify the point at which the concentration of bitter compounds becomes objectionable, even to those who enjoy some bitterness. Classical threshold methods focus on the presence or absence of a sensation rather than acceptability or hedonics. A new alternative, the rejection threshold, was recently described in the literature. Here, we sought to quantify and compare differences in rejection thresholds (RjT) and detection thresholds (DT) in chocolate milk spiked with a food safe bitterant (sucrose octaacetate). In experiment 1, a series of paired preference tests was used to estimate the RjT for bitterness in chocolate milk. In a new group of participants (experiment 2), we determined the RjT and DT using the forced choice ascending method of limits. In both studies, participants were segmented on the basis of self-declared preference for milk or dark solid chocolate. Based on sigmoid fits of the indifference–preference function, the RjT was ∼2.3 times higher for those preferring dark chocolate than the RjT for those preferring milk chocolate in both experiments. In contrast, the DT for both groups was functionally identical, suggesting that differential effects of bitterness on liking of chocolate products are not based on the ability to detect bitterness in these products.
Hysteretic response of chemical vapor deposition graphene field effect transistors on SiC substrates

Graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) fabricated by chemical vapor deposition graphene deposited onto SiC substrates exhibit sensitivity to broadband visible light. The hysteretic nature of this GFET type was studied utilizing a new current-voltage measurement technique in conjunction with current-time measurements. This measurement method accounts for hysteretic changes in graphene response and enables transfer measurements that can be attributed to fixed gate voltages. Graphene hysteresis is shown to be consistent with electrochemical p-type doping, and current-time measurements clearly resolve a hole to electron to hole carrier transition in graphene with a single large change in gate voltage.
Operative Management of Renal Injuries: Parenchymal and Vascular

The decision to operate on a traumatized kidney should be made primarily on the basis of severity of injury to the kidney. Expanding or pulsatile retroperitoneal hematomas continue to be absolute indications for renal exploration. While parenchymal injuries, including severe parenchymal injuries, can usually be repaired, vascular injuries are generally less amenable to repair. Main renal arterial injuries should be repaired only if there is a solitary kidney injury or a bilateral main renal artery injury. Such tools as the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma renal organ injury scale can help the urologist in managing injuries and in salvaging kidneys that would otherwise be removed.
Enumerating syntactical graphs and lattices of derivations

Derivations in phrase-structure grammars are by now well understood, and it is generally considered convenient to study equivalence classes of derivations rather than individual derivations themselves. It has been established that classes can be represented by canonical derivations, syntactical graphs, or derivation words, and the categorical algebra of derivations provides the framework for their study. Regarded in this way, it is known that each derivation induces a distributive lattice of subderivations. In this paper a simple algorithm is given for enumerating this lattice for any derivation. The simplicity of this algorithm depends on the nature of the topological sort which allows a canonical derivation (or derivation word) to be constructed uniquely from a syntactical graph. The enumeration algorithm constructs the members of the lattice directly. In the process a new characterization of the syntactical graphs is given using the concept of a “doubly ordered graph.” This characterization greatly simplifies some of the previous work in this field. A direct correspondence between these graphs and the symmetric group (set of permutations) is shown.
Effects of anthrapyrazole antineoplastic agents on lipid peroxidation.

The effects of three anthrapyrazoles and an aminoacridine derivative on doxorubincin- and iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation in rabbit hepatic microsomes have been characterized. Two anthrapyrazoles, CI-937 and CI-942, were potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation with 15 μM drug inhibiting the rate of peroxidation 70 to 90%. In contrast CI-941 was relatively ineffective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation with only 35% inhibition occurring at 100 μM drug. CI-921, an aminoacridine derivative, diminished lipid peroxidation by 65% at 15 μM. All four drugs failed to decrease the rate of doxorubicin-stimulated NADPH oxidation at concentrations <50 μM, suggesting that inhibition of lipid peroxidation was not the result of diminished enzyme activity. CI-937 formed a 2:1 complex with ferric ion, KD = 47 μM, which was reversible with EDTA.
Stereopsis from motion-defined contours.

Abstract Random-dot stereograms demonstrate that monocularly visible contours are not necessary for stereopsis, although in the absence of point-for-point correspondence, they are sufficient for stereoscopic combination. The quality of stereopsis from interocularly uncorrelated motion-defined forms was examined here. Results indicate that perceived magnitude of depth is not veridical, and that more depth is seen for crossed than uncrossed disparities. The difficulty in perceiving “behind” depth is due to a monocular depth cue which conflicts with binocular disparity in specifying depth only in the absence of interocular correlation. The overall reduction in depth is not the result of binocular rivalry from the lack of interocular correlation, and so appears to be a function of the type of feature being matched.
Biolistic transformation of animal tissue

The biolistic technique transforms cells by bombardment with DNA-coated microprojectiles. It has been used to transform plants, microbes, and organelles. We adapted a standard Biolistic PDS-1000 device for use with animals and have successfully transformed tissues in live mice. The firefly luciferase gene was introduced into mouse skin and ear tissue. One day after transformation 344±74 and 1648±254 pg of luciferase were detected in skin and ear samples, respectively. Expression of the gene product was transient but detectable up to 7 days after bombardment. A further modification of the device allowed transient transformation of liver tissue in vivo. Liver contained 293±122 pg of luciferase 1 day postransformation. Expression of the gene in liver tissue was unchanged at Day 3 but declined to low levels by Day 5. This new device allowed a fourfold increase in gene expression in ear tissue extending a minimum of 14 days. This technology is applicable to a broad range of tissues and organs in situ and makes it possible to test numerous reporters and the tissue specificity of promoters. It may also be useful in protocols for somatic cell therapy.
Impaired brain growth in neonatal rats exposed to ethanol

Infant rat pups, fed through intragastric cannulas from postnatal day 4 through day 18, showed a 19 percent reduction in total brain weight when ethanol was included in their diet on days 4 through 7. This reduction in brain weight occurred even though body growth in the experimental rats was equal to that of their littermate controls. The ethanol-exposed animals were markedly hypoactive during the period of drug administration, then displayed gross body tremors for 3 to 5 days. Throughout the study, the animals treated with ethanol had poor motor coordination and were hyperresponsive. These brain and behavioral effects appear similar to those seen in fetal alcohol syndrome.
Consumer Awareness and Evaluation of Retailers' Social Responsibility: An Exploratory Approach into Ethical Purchase Behavior from a U.S Perspective

Abstract Corporate social responsibility has become a very important issue for researchers (Greenfield, 2004; Maignan & Ralston, 2002; McWilliams et al., 2006; Pearce & Doh 2005), and many consider it necessary for businesses to define their role in society and apply social and ethical standards to their businesses (Lichtenstein et al., 2004). As a result, a significant number of retailers have adopted CSR as a strategic tool to promote their businesses. To this end, this study sought to discover U.S. consumers' attitudes and behavior in ethical purchasing and consumption based on their subjective perception and evaluation of a retailer. The objectives of this study include: 1) determine the participants awareness of retailers corporate social responsibility; 2) assess how participants evaluate retailers corporate social responsibility; 3) examine whether participants evaluation process of retailers CSR influence their attitude toward the retailer; and 4) assess if participants attitude toward the retaile...
Dissecting the biology of a pathogen during infection

o expres expression studies reveal many bacterial genes that contribute to the fitness of the organism in the context of host ecology. This collection of virulence genes defines the unique lifestyle of a pathogen during infection, pointing to the functions that dictate host specificity, tissue tropism and disease manifestation.
Studies of antigen-RNA and immunity.

This review is about the involvement of antigen, and more specifically that of antigen-RNA complexes, in the inductive phase of an immune response. Early studies are reviewed that were begun by the senior author more than twenty years ago to probe the question of the role of antigen in antibody production in rabbits. It was shown that the quantity of antigen declined with time after injection but persisted at significant levels for very long intervals of time after injection, suggesting that all the antigen may never be lost. Since the liver yielded more detectable antigen than any other tissue it was the main source of in vivo antigen for biological and chemical characterization. As more extensive experiments were undertaken these showed stability of the radioactive hapten labels used to detect antigen and also the dynamic involvement of the liver in handling antigen. A body of evidence was thus accumulating that implied, at least indirectly, an immunological role for the liver-retained antigen. As for the antigen findings, one of the earliest was that antigen persisted, not in the original form of the injected protein, but as antigen fragments associated with ribonucleic acid, from whence originated the term antigen-RNA complexes. In later studies that utilized deproteinizing techniques, aimed at obtaining pure ribonucleic acid, antigen peptide was found to persist as a moiety of the isolated nucleic acid, thus providing convincing evidence for the in vivo origin of these complexes. The antigen-RNA complexes were immunologically active by both in vivo and in vitro tests. Recent experiments, using rats injected with aniline-azo-BSA have extended the earlier findings and it is these studies upon which attention will be focused in the experimental section. Liver polysomes and isolates of pure hepatocytes have been found to contain antigen material associated with RNA, and studies are in progress using these sources of material for elucidation of antigen-RNA function. It seems timely to suggest that an equally important application may be the use of these products of in vivo metabolism as probes to study the many inductive phenomena in an immune response.
Reactive uptake of trace metals in the hyporheic zone of a mining- contaminated stream, Pinal Creek, Arizona

Significant uptake of dissolved metals occurred by interaction of groundwater and surface water with hyporheic-zone sediments during transport in Pinal Creek, AZ. The extent of trace metal uptake was calculated by mass balance measurements made directly within the hyporheic zone. A conservative solute tracer injected into the stream was used to quantify hydrologic exchange with the stream and groundwater. Fractional reactive uptake of dissolved metals entering the hyporheic zone was determined at 29 sites and averaged 52 ± 25, 27 ± 19, and 36 ± 24% for Co, Ni, and Zn, compared with Mn uptake of 22 ± 19%. First-order rate constants (λh) of metal uptake in the hyporheic zone were determined at seven sites using the exchange rate of water derived from tracer arrival in the streambed. Reaction-time constants (1/λh) averaged 0.41, 0.84, and 0.38 h for Co, Ni, and Zn, respectively, and 1.3 h for Mn. In laboratory experiments with streambed sediments, metal uptake increased with preexisting Mn oxide concentratio...
Systematic approach to two-dimensional blind deconvolution by zero-sheet separation

Inspired by the work of Lane and Bates on automatic multidimensional deconvolution [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A4, 180 ( 1987)], we have developed a systematic approach and an operational code for performing the deconvolution of multiply-convolved two-dimensional complex data sets in the absence of noise. We explain, in some detail, the major algorithmic steps, where noise or numerical errors can cause problems, our approach in dealing with numerical rounding errors, and where special noise-mitigating techniques can be used toward making blind de-convolution practical. Several examples of deconvolved imagery are presented, and future research directions are noted.
Planar surface plasmonic structures for terahertz circuits and sensors

This paper presents planar metal patterned structures that support surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) like propagation mode. Four unit cells, each having a solid ground plane, were designed that support SPPs. To optimize return loss, these structures were first simulated as infinitely periodic in two dimensions. These were then further optimized by designing waveguide structures. Using multi-band unit cell designs, THz circuits (transmission line and power splitter) were fabricated and tested. A new approach to probe these planar plasmonic devices is presented using wide band THz dielectric probes. Measured results of THz circuits match closely with simulation results. It is also shown through simulations that these structures can be used in the design of THz chemical and biological sensors.
ortho- and meta-substituted aromatic thiols are efficient redox buffers that increase the folding rate of a disulfide-containing protein

Thiol based redox buffers are used to enhance the folding rates of disulfide-containing proteins in vitro. Traditionally, small molecule aliphatic thiols such as glutathione are employed. Recently, we have demonstrated that aromatic thiols can further enhance protein-folding rates. In the presence of para-substituted aromatic thiols the folding rate of a disulfide-containing protein was increased by 4–23 times over that measured for glutathione. However, several important practical issues remain to be addressed. Aromatic thiols have never been tested in the presence of denaturants such as guanidine hydrochloride. Only two of the para-substituted aromatic thiols previously examined are commercially available. To expand the number of aromatic thiols for protein folding, several commercially available meta- and ortho-substituted aromatic thiols were studied. Furthermore, an ortho-substituted aromatic thiol, easily obtained from inexpensive starting materials, was investigated. Folding rates of scrambled ribonuclease A at pH 6.0, 7.0 and 7.7, with ortho- and meta-substituted aromatic thiols, were up to 10 times greater than those with glutathione. In the presence of the common denaturant guanidine hydrochloride (0.5 M) aromatic thiols provided 100% yield of active protein while maintaining equivalent folding rates.
Developing accessible software for data visualization

An increasing number of countries are establishing regulations that require information technology to be fully accessible by all users. To make software products accessible, they must be designed and implemented so that they can also be used by persons with sensorial or physical impairments. Although checklists and coding guidelines are available, this requirement can be challenging, especially when implementing accessibility for a product that displays information in a graphical format. This paper presents a process-oriented view of addressing accessibility issues in software development. It describes what had to be taken into consideration and how accessibility issues were solved. The experience was gained during the development of the IBM DB2Â® Intelligent MinerTM Visualization, an application used to visualize data mining results. The following areas are addressed: integrating design for accessibility into the development process, providing special design features that enable users to interact with graphical data, and programming solutions for accessibility features.
Computational protein folding: from lattice to all-atom

Understanding the mechanism of protein folding is often referred to as the second half of genetics. Computational approaches have been instrumental in the efforts. Simplified models have been applied to understand the physical principles governing the folding processes and will continue to play important roles in the endeavor. Encouraging results have been obtained from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of protein folding. A recent microsecond-length molecular dynamics simulation on a small protein, villin headpiece subdomain, with an explict atomic-level representation of both protein and solvent, has marked the beginning of direct and realistic simulations of the folding processes. With growing computer power and increasingly accurate representations together with the advancement of experimental methods, such approaches will help us to achieve a detailed understanding of protein folding mechanisms.
Inactivation and Inhibition of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase by Conformationally Restricted Vigabatrin Analogues

Four cyclohexene analogues of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and β-alanine were designed as conformationally rigid analogues of the epilepsy and drug addiction drug vigabatrin and as potential mechanism-based inactivators of γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT). The corresponding cyclopentene analogues were previously reported to be inhibitors, but not inactivators, of GABA-AT (Qiu, J.; Pingsterhaus, J.; Silverman, R. B. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 4725−4728). cis-3-Aminocyclohex-4-ene-1-carboxylic acid (3) and cis-2-aminocyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (5) showed time- and concentration-dependent, irreversible inactivation of GABA-AT. In both cases, the inactivations are protected by substrate, indicating that they are active site-directed. trans-3-Aminocyclohex-4-ene-1-carboxylic acid (4) and trans-2-aminocyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (6) are not inactivators but are competitive reversible inhibitors of GABA-AT. Unlike the cyclopentene analogues, there appears to be sufficient ring flexibility to ...
Commentary on Paper by Françoise Davoine

Francoise Davoine sees madness as a research project involving the uncanny presence of ghosts arising from the realm of the transference as well as the “big” history of wider social catastrophes across the generations, in effect “cut-out” pieces of the unconscious. Madness is a rupture in the social link that needs repairing. The therapist is a coresearcher with the individual whose madness tells a story embedded in the heart of madness itself. Davoine presents her work with a woman who has a history of multiple psychiatric hospitalizations. She invites her patient to link up with and speak of that which formerly resided in the Lacanian Real, that is, the unsymbolized haunting absence of her mother who was tragically murdered by the Nazis. The therapist's dream becomes a bridge to this world of ghosts for both patient and therapist. The dream ushers in an enactment and a transference interpretation by the therapist, which leads to a disappearance of madness from the analytic stage. I attempt to apply the ...
Properties of nanocomposites based on maleate‐vinyl ether donor—acceptor UV‐curable systems

UV-curable nanocomposites based on donor–acceptor crosslinking chemistry were prepared containing organically modified montmorillonites. The coatings were characterized for thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that nanocomposites were formed in all samples. Results showed that an increase in the percentage of clay caused an increased modulus and glass-transition temperature. It was also seen that tensile modulus showed dramatic improvement when compared with the unmodified polyester sample. Real time IR kinetic data showed that higher conversions were obtained at higher clay loadings. Pendulum hardness values and tensile modulus values showed different trends in properties depending on the combination of polymer matrix and organomodification. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A study of afferent projections to the rat interpeduncular nucleus.

Abstract Forebrain and brainstem afferents projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) have been demonstrated in male rats by retrograde transport of fluorescent dye, “fast blue,” microinjected in IPN, followed by intraventricular colchicine 48 hr prior to perfusion. The most intensely labeled cells projecting to IPN were concentrated throughout the entire rostrocaudal extent of the medial habenular nuclei. A small number of labeled medial habenular cells located dorsomedially also revealed SP immunofluorescence. Additional forebrain afferents originate from septal, hypothalamic and mammillary nuclei. Of brainstem afferents projecting to IPN, the most intensely labeled neurons were present in a circumscribed region overlying the dorsal aspect of the dorsal tegmental nucleus, an area described in the cat as the nucleus incertus [5], and which we now suggest is present in the rat. Many labeled cells in the medial aspect of this nucleus also revealed L-ENK immunofluorescence. Additional brainstem afferents include the raphe, dorsolateral tegmental nuclei and locus coeruleus. This study demonstrates both forebrain and brainstem afferents projecting to IPN and reveals an SP and L-ENK projection from the medial habenula and nucleus incertus, respectively.
An advanced traveler general information system for Fresno, California

Abstract This study estimates the effects of an advanced traveler general information system (ATGIS), which includes fuel consumption and health-related emissions cost information on transportation network users’ travel choice behavior for recurrent congestion conditions. The effects are estimated using four different formulations based on four different behavioral assumptions. Incorporating stochastic features in link cost estimation rather than in route choice, we provide a novel modeling approach that enables us to use transportation planning models of major metropolitan areas without a need for major computationally-expensive changes in the existing models. We examined the effects of an ATGIS on the Fresno, CA, road network and found several interesting results. First, the ATGIS impact is closely related to pre-system (prior to the implementation of an ATGIS) perceived fuel and emissions costs. Total travel time in the city can be reduced by 17% (no pre-system perceived costs) to 1% (accurate pre-system perceived costs), and even increased by 1% (higher-than-actual pre-system perceived costs). Second, the addition of emissions costs, although negligible relative to fuel and time costs, can effectively reduce total system-wide travel time by up to 1% and fuel consumption by up to 0.6% during peak hours. Third, the ATGIS can reduce annual social costs by as much as $1053 million (high gas price, no pre-system perception) to $48 million (medium gas price, accurate pre-system perception), which are comparable to social cost savings by a congestion pricing (CP) scheme in the study area.
Measuring a dimension of spirituality for health research: Validity of the spirituality index of well-being

Health-related studies of spirituality are threatened by the lack of conceptual distinctions between religion and spirituality, the use of small, nongeneralizable samples, and by measurement error in many instruments that unreliably and invalidly capture this domain. The authors review the construct and validity evidence for the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB), an instrument designed to measure a dimension of spirituality linked to subjective well-being in patient populations. The SIWB was developed using qualitative research methods and subsequently conceptualized with two dimensions; self-efficacy and life scheme. Primary psychometric data from three sample populations are reviewed and summarized. A secondary, confirmatory factor analysis, using pooled data from all samples, supports the theoretical two-factor structure. In addition, SIWB scores correlate more strongly with established measures of well-being than the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) or other recognized religiosity instruments. T...
Reaction to Exclusion: The Boycott of 1905 and Chinese National Awakening

(1976). Reaction to Exclusion: The Boycott of 1905 and Chinese National Awakening. The Historian: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 95-110.
Modeling labor arbitration decisions: factors used in medically-based grievances.

The policies of arbitrators deciding cases which involved health-impaired grievants were statistically captured. 144 published medically-based arbitration cases were used and 10 factors commonly associated with such cases were analyzed. An employee's work record and seniority had the most effect on the outcome of the case.
Circulation of the Red Sea in early summer

Abstract The distribution of temperature, salinity and density for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden in June of 1958 suggests that evaporation exerts a greater influence on the circulation of the Red Sea than does the shifting wind pattern emphasized by Thompson (1939a, b,). This view is supported by evaporation rates for the Red Sea presented by J. Neumann (1952) and Privett (1959). A surface inflow from the Gulf of Aden was observed entering the Red Sea, i.e., from the direction opposite to the prevailing NNW winds of summer. A prominent outflow of warm, saline Red Sea water extends into the Gulf of Aden beneath this surface inflow. In June, the dense, isothermal, isohaline water that fills the Red Sea basin below sill depth appears to be entrapped there, exchange with the Gulf of Aden being restricted to shallower levels. Oxygen and phosphate distribution profiles support the thermo-haline circulation proposed. Red Sea water can be traced well into the Indian Ocean, as illustrated by a T-S diagram ( Fig. 7).
Diagnosis of the empty sella with intrathecal metrizamide computed tomography

The empty sella syndrome can be diagnosed with high resolution computed tomography. The addition of intrathecal metrizamide defines the degree of extension of the subarachnoid space into the sella turcica, demonstrates the relationship of surrounding structures, and differentiates the empty sella from other isodense or hypodense intrasellar lesions. Photographs from a case of primary empty sella demonstrate the details of anatomy seen with metrizamide computed tomography combined with sagittal reconstruction.
Cell-mediated immune response is better preserved by laparoscopy than laparotomy.

Abstract Background: This study compares the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum versus laparotomy on cellular-mediated immune response in a murine model. Methods: Sixty-eight female C3H/He mice were sensitized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and to a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line (MC2) before surgery. Animals were randomized into 4 groups: group I, anesthesia (control); group II, pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide; group III, extraperitoneal wound; group IV, laparotomy. All animals were challenged subsequently with KLH and MC2 tumor cells. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction (DTH) to KLH was measured on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 4, and 5. Tumor growth was assessed weekly as an indicator of postoperative cellular immune response. Results: Compared with preoperative values, postoperative DTH skin reactions were significantly less for all PODs in groups III and IV (P
Studies on auxin protectors. XII. Auxin protectors and polyphenol oxidase in developing coffee fruit

The fruit of the coffee plant (Coffea arabica) was analyzed for auxin protector content. Ripe coffee berries were separated into pit and pulp, ground in buffer, and assayed for auxin protectors. The extracts were then subjected to gel filtration in order to determine the molecular weight of the protector(s). In the pit, a single protector was found with a molecular weight approaching 5000 daltons, while the pulp contained several auxin protectors, the largest of which appeared to be about 1000 daltons. Chromato-graphic studies of various gel filtration fractions showed that protector activity was always associated with spots which exhibited a light blue fluorescence under UV. The changing patterns during coffee fruit development were also investigated. Auxin protector production, and polyphenol oxidase (E.C. 1.10.3.1), an enzyme related to protector metabolism, were assayed at weekly intervals. In the unripe berry, an auxin protector was found with a molecular weight exceeding 200,000 daltons; as the berry ripened the amount of this protector gradually decreased until almost none was present in the ripe berry and the pattern changed to the pattern described above. Polyphenol oxidase content decreased as the berry ripened. Commercially roasted pits, i.e., coffee “beans”, contained very high levels of protector activity. However, gel filtration studies showed this activity to be associated entirely with low molecular weight compounds.
Growth requirements of Rhizoctonia repens M 32

Rhizoctonia repens M 32, a mycorrhizal isolate from Orchis militaris requires both a carbohydrate (glucose or sucrose) and an amino acid (aspartic acid, glycine, serine, or glutamic acid) for growth. The fungus does not require an exogenous supply of vitamins in vitro.
Hierarchical Global Wiring for Custom Chip Design

We present a global wiring algorithm used in a top-down physical design environment, i.e. macros are laid out only after global wiring is done, and wires are allowed to pass through macros (wiring-through model). The floorplan of the chip is in the form of a slicing structure. The algorithm is based on a hierarchical scheme. The final result is obtained through a series of refinement as the problem is recursively decomposed into a set of small-sized problems and then solved efficiently. Given a balanced slicing tree representation of the floorplan, the worst-case running time of the overall algorithm is O(MN), where M is the number of macros and N the number of nets. The algorithm has been implemented in the C language and has been used for actual chip design. Experiments showed that the hierarchical router performs better than a flat maze type router in wireability handling, equally well in wire length, and much faster in run-time (at least 10 times for an example with 100 macros and 1000 nets, and the gap being even larger for bigger sized problems).
Antimalarial quinolones: Synthesis, potency, and mechanistic studies

In the present article we examine the antiplasmodial activities of novel quinolone derivatives bearing extended alkyl or alkoxy side chains terminated by a trifluoromethyl group. In the series under investigation, the IC50 values ranged from 1.2 to approximately 30 nM against chloroquine-sensitive and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Modest to significant cross-resistance was noted in evaluation of these haloalkyl- and haloalkoxyquinolones for activity against the atovaquone-resistant clinical isolate Tm90-C2B, indicating that a primary target for some of these compounds is the parasite cytochrome bc1 complex. Additional evidence to support this biochemical mechanism includes the use of oxygen biosensor plate technology to show that the quinolone derivatives block oxygen consumption by parasitized red blood cells in a fashion similar to atovaquone in side-by-side experiments. Atovaquone is extremely potent and is the only drug in clinical use that targets the Plasmodium bc1 complex, but rapid emergence of resistance to it in both mono- and combination therapy is evident and therefore additional drugs are needed to target the cytochrome bc1 complex which are active against atovaquone-resistant parasites. Our study of a number of halogenated alkyl and alkoxy 4(1H)-quinolones highlights the potential for development of "endochin-like quinolones" (ELQ), bearing an extended trifluoroalkyl moiety at the 3-position, that exhibit selective antiplasmodial effects in the low nanomolar range and inhibitory activity against chloroquine and atovaquone-resistant parasites. Further studies of halogenated alkyl- and alkoxy-quinolones may lead to the development of safe and effective therapeutics for use in treatment or prevention of malaria and other parasitic diseases.
Motion and ionization equilibrium of hydrogen atoms in a superstrong magnetic field.

We study the effects of finite proton mass on the energy levels of hydrogen atoms moving transverse to a superstrong magnetic field {ital B} with generalized pseudomomentum {ital K}{sub {perpendicular}}. Field strengths of order {ital B}{similar_to}10{sup 12} G are typically found on the surfaces of neutron stars, but we also study the regime {ital B}{approx_gt}{ital B}{sub {ital crit}}=4.23{times}10{sup 13} G, where the Landau excitation energy of the proton is large. We adopt two different approaches to the two-body problem in strong magnetic fields and obtain an approximate but complete solution of the atomic energy as a function of {ital B} and {ital K}{sub {perpendicular}}. We show that, for {ital B}{much_gt}{ital B}{sub {ital crit}}, there is an orthogonal set of bound states that do not have any Landau excitation contribution in their energies. The states with very large {ital K}{sub {perpendicular}} have small binding energies and small transverse velocities, but are nevertheless distinct from the fully ionized states. The final results for the excitation energies are given in the form of analytical fitting formulas. The generalized Saha equation for the ionization-recombination equilibrium of hydrogen gas in the presence of a superstrong magnetic field is then derived. Although the maximum transverse velocitymore » of a bound atom decreases as {ital B} increases, the statistical weight due to transverse motion is actually increased by the strong magnetic field. For the astrophysically interesting case of relatively low density and temperature, we obtain analytic approximations for the partition functions. The highly excited bound states have a smaller statistical weight than the fully ionized component.« less