cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Picosecond laser studies of the effects of reactants on intramolecular energy relaxation of diphenylcarbene: Reaction of diphenylcarbene with alcohols

Abstract Picosecond laser induced fluorescence measurements provide for the first time the direct measurement of the intramolecular and intermolecular energy decay dynamics of singlet diphenylcarbene ( 1 DPC) in the presence of reactive molecules. As exemplified by the reaction of 1 DPC with alcohols it is found that reactive molecules provide 1 DPC with not only a chemical decay channel but also an intramolecular decay channel which is due to a solvent polarity effect. These chemical and physical effects can act in opposite directions leading to novel results such as a significant increase in the singlet state lifetime upon addition of reacting molecules. The absolute reaction rate constants of 1 DPC with alcohols, in different solvents, obtained by direct measurements are also reported.
Effects of a baroclinic current on a sinking dense water plume from a submarine canyon and heton shedding

Abstract Ventilation of the Arctic halocline by dense water outflow from a submarine canyon is investigated in a nonhydrostatic numerical model with a rigid lid and an idealized shelf–slope topography appropriate for the Barrow Canyon in the Beaufort Sea. Dense water from the canyon descends on the slope and turns to the right, forming a bottom trapped plume. Anticyclonic eddies subsequently break away from the plume and enter the deep ocean. In the absence of an ambient current beyond the shelf break, the anticyclones are weak and have limited effects on ventilation. An offshore baroclinic current expedites the process. The boundary current acquires cyclonic vorticity from meanders at the canyon's mouth because of the potential vorticity constraint. The cyclonic vorticity enhances sinking of dense water along the slanted isopycnals in the baroclinic current. The sinking plume in turn reinforces the cyclonic vorticity. Subsurface anticyclones are generated during this process, and vortex pairs known as hetons form from subsurface anticyclones and surface cyclones. Hetons have self-propagating properties and, in the present setting, propagate seaward from the canyon. The anticyclonic vorticity in a heton is much stronger than that in a single vortex. The positive feedback mechanism and the production of hetons could ventilate the halocline and generate subsurface anticyclones in the Beaufort Sea. Efficient ventilation of the halocline could result from optimal matching of the density and inflow velocity of the dense water from the canyon and the baroclinic structure of the offshore current.
Calorimetric Heats of Adsorption and Adsorption Isotherms. 2. O2, N2, Ar, CO2, CH4, C2H6, and SF6 on NaX, H-ZSM-5, and Na-ZSM-5 Zeolites

Isosteric heats of adsorption and adsorption isotherms have been measured simultaneously in a calorimeter for a series of gases of increasing size and magnitude of quadrupole moment (Ar, O2, N2, CH4, C2H6, SF6, CO2) on adsorbents of varying pore structure and ion type (NaX, H-ZSM-5, Na-ZSM-5). Adsorption isotherms have been checked for reversibility by desorption experiments. The average experimental error in loading is ±0.6%; the average uncertainty in the isosteric heat of adsorption is ±0.5 kJ/mol. Heats of adsorption of nonpolar molecules (CH4, C2H6, SF6) increase in the order NaX, silicalite, H-ZSM-5, Na-ZSM-5 at low coverage. Heats of adsorption of nonpolar molecules are almost identical on silicalite, H-ZSM-5, and Na-ZSM-5 at high coverage. Heats of adsorption of the quadrupolar molecule CO2 increase in the order silicalite, H-ZSM-5, Na-ZSM-5, NaX. The electric field adjacent to Na+ sites is 6.2 V/nm, on the basis of the difference between the heat of adsorption of CO2 in Na-ZSM-5 and the heat of a...
Rac1 is required for epithelial stem cell function during dermal and oral mucosal wound healing but not for tissue homeostasis in mice.

Background The regenerative capacity of the skin, including the continuous replacement of exfoliated cells and healing of injuries relies on the epidermal stem cells and their immediate cell descendants. The relative contribution of the hair follicle stem cells and the interfollicular stem cells to dermal wound healing is an area of active investigation. Recent studies have revealed that the small GTPase Rac1, which regulates cell migration and nuclear gene expression, is required for hair follicle stem function but not for the normal homeostasis of the interfollicular skin. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we explored whether Rac1 contributes to wound healing in the skin and in the oral mucosa, the latter an anatomical site that presents similar architecture to that of the skin but is devoid of any hair follicle structures, and hence lacks hair follicle stem cells. Epidermal Rac1 gene excision led to the clearly delayed closure of cutaneous wounds. Remarkably, genetic ablation of Rac1 from the oral mucosa resulted in the complete inability of oral wounds to heal. We present evidence that the lack of oral mucosal re-epithelization may result from the reduced migratory capacity of cells lacking Rac1 together with altered expression of injury-induced proliferative and cellular stress-related expression programs. Conclusions/Significance Together, these observations support that while the normal development and homeostasis of the interfollicular skin and oral mucosa do not require Rac1 function, the interfollicular and oral epithelial stem cells may require a Rac1-dependent program to orchestrate the tissue response to injury and ultimate for wound closure. Ultimately, these findings may enable the molecular characterization of the acute tissue regenerative response of these stem cell populations, thus facilitating the identification of novel molecular-targeted strategies aimed at accelerating wound closure.
The dynamics of adaptive behavior: A research program

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the motivations, methodology and current status of an ongoing research program whose long-term goal is to elucidate the essential principles of a theory of adaptive behavior. The thoroughly dynamical nature of both adaptive behavior itself and the causal mechanisms that support it is emphasized throughout. An initial mapping of the basic concepts of adaptive behavior into the language of dynamical systems theory is proposed, and some of the general consequences of this preliminary theoretical framework are discussed. The two key ideas of this framework are (1) that an agent and its environment should be understood as two coupled dynamical systems whose mutual interaction is jointly responsible for the agent's behavior, and (2) that an agent's need to maintain its existence in its environment defines a viability constraint on its behavioral dynamics. A constructive research methodology involving the use of evolutionary algorithms to evolve continuous-time recurrent neural networks for controlling the behavior of model agents is described, and several examples of this methodology are presented, including models of chemotaxis, walking, sequential decision-making and learning. Finally, a detailed dynamical analysis of one evolved walking circuit is presented. This analysis illustrates the kinds of insights that can be obtained by treating agents as dynamical systems and applying the tools of dynamical systems theory to their behavior.
An examination of the impact of the 1989 FIRREA on the market value of commercial banks and savings and loans

This study examines the impact of a series of events leading to the enactment of Financial Institutions Reform Recovery and Enforcement Act (FIRREA) on the equity return levels of commercial banks and savings and loans (S and Ls). Daily stock returns for 36 commercial banks, and 24 S and Ls traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange between 28 April 1988 and 27 December 1989 are utilized for the statistical analysis. Using Multivariate Regression Model (MVRM), seven portfolios and ten events are analysed. The results suggest that All S and L, Large S and L and Small S and L portfolios each produced positive abnormal returns on at least two of the ten events examined. The results also reveal that FIRREA effects were differential between bank and S and L portfolios; while shareholders of savings and loans benefited from the enactment of FIRREA, shareholders of commercial banks were largely unaffected by this legislation.
Editorial: Sense making in marketing organizations and consumer psychology: Theory and practice

Sense making includes both explicit and implicit mental processes of constructing, framing, creating, and rendering a view (e.g., an executive's mental model of “how things get done in my organization.” Related to decision making, sense making includes automatic and controlled scanning of memory and environments for framing issues. Sense making is meaning creation based on current and prior interpretations of thoughts generated from three sources: external stimuli, focused retrieval from internal memory, and seemingly random foci in working memory; such sense making is constructed on cultural pilings held unconsciously in long-term memory. Consequently, meta-sense-making efforts are always incomplete; that is, all of us possess an incomplete ability to understand the process and outcomes of our own sense making. This P&M special issue includes five articles related by their focus on understanding how marketing executives and consumers go about sense making, as well as how sense-making processes are transformed to result in new mental models of perceived realities. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Teaching Patient-centered Tobacco Intervention to First-year Medical Students

The University of Wisconsin's Tobacco Intervention Basic Skills curriculum (TIBS) was inaugurated to begin training 147 first-year medical students in skills for promoting health behavior change. Learning activities included lecture, demonstration, reading, quiz, role-play exercises, and standardized patient interviews. After TIBS, the 69 students who provided pre- and postintervention data exhibited more therapeutic attitudes and increased knowledge and self-confidence in applying TIBS skills. Two months later, 52% of the 109 posttest respondents had applied TIBS in clinical settings, often for behaviors other than tobacco use. We conclude that medical students can gain from early training on promoting behavior change.
Mixed ligand complexes of lanthanides with macrocyclic and open-chained polyaminopolycarboxylic acids and acetylacetone

Abstract Studies of mixed ligand complex formation stabilities and dissociation kinetics have been performed on lanthanide ions with macrocyclic and open- chained polyaminopolycarboxylic acids (i.e. DAPDA, DACDA, EDDA, and EDTA) and acetylacetone (acac). From UV spectroscopic evidence, it was found that Ln(DACDA)+ and Ln(EDTA)− complexes do not form mixed ligand complexes with acac under the set conditions, i.e. pH = 7.2 and complex concentration of 1 x 10−4 M. On the other hand, formation of Ln(DAPDA)(acac) and Ln(EDDA)(acac)2− complexes were readily detectable. The mixed complex forma- tion constants,β1, for the equilibrium Ln(L)+ + acac− ⇌ Ln(L)(acac), and β2, for the equilibrium Ln(L)+ + 2 acac− ⇌ Ln(L)(acac)2− were determined by potentiometric titration technique where possible. It was found that β1 values were in general greater for Ln(EDDA)+ complexes than for Ln(DAPDA)+ complexes indicating the resulting reduced charge density at the lanthanide ion of Ln(DAPDA)+ and that less space is available for the acetylacetone moiety to coordinate to the Ln(DAPDA)+ complexes due to the large size and the greater number of coordination atoms of DAPDA. The hydrolysis constants of Ln(EDDA)(H2O)n+ species were also determined and were found to be increasing with increasing atomic number of Ln. Attempts to measure the acid assisted mixed ligand complex dissociation rates by a stopped-flow spectrophotometer were not fruitful due to the much faster rates.
Perception of e-cigarette harm and its correlation with use among U.S. adolescents.

Introduction: U.S. adolescents increasingly use e-cigarettes. The perceived harm of e-cigarettes has not been described, nor has the correlation between harm perception and e-cigarette use been assessed. This study examines correlates of e-cigarette harm perception and use of e-cigarettes in a national survey. Methods: Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey were used (n = 24,658). Cross-tabulations and multivariate ordered probit and logistic regression models were employed to assess relative harm perception and e-cigarette use. Results: Half of U.S. adolescents had heard of e-cigarettes. Of these, 13.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.7-14.9) and 4.0% (95% CI = 3.4-4.7) reported ever or currently using e-cigarettes, respectively. Of those aware of e-cigarettes, 34.2% (95% CI = 32.8-35.6) believed e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes. Among those trying e-cigarettes, 71.8% (95% CI = 69.0-74.5) believed e-cigarettes were comparatively less harmful. Females and those ≥17 years old were more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as more harmful relative to cigarettes, while, on average, Whites, users of other tobacco products, and those with family members who used tobacco were more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as comparatively safer. Among cigarette-naive e-cigarette users, use of other tobacco products and perceived harm reduction by e-cigarettes were, respectively, on average associated with 1.6 and 4.1 percentage-point increases in e-cigarette use. Conclusions: Perception of e-cigarettes as less harmful than conventional cigarettes was associ- ated with increased e-cigarette use, including among cigarette-naive e-cigarette users. These find- ings should prompt further scientific investigation and merit attention from regulators.
A stochastic tessellation for modelling and simulating colour aluminium grain images

The work described in this article is motivated by the need for modelling and simulating some colour aluminium grain images. One possible approach for modelling these colour aluminium grain images is to approximate the images by trivariate piecewise constant functions corrupted by additive and correlated noise. Such a piecewise constant function modelling approach is naturally divided into three parts: shape, colour and noise. The main focus of this article is to present a new tessellation model which can be applied to model the shape characteristics of the aluminium grain images. One special feature of the new tessellation model is that it is capable of generating tessellation patterns having rough boundaries. Some empirical properties and variants of the tessellation model are also described. Then, as a secondary focus, this article describes models and methods for modelling the observable colour values and noise of the aluminium grain images. Both visual and empirical comparisons between real and simulated images suggest that our modelling is reasonable.
Catheter management of aortic valve stenosis in neonates and children

Therapy for severe aortic valve stenosis in infants and children has shifted from the operating suite to the catheterization laboratory and even to the bedside as a direct result of improved catheter technology, evolving techniques, and comparable results to conventional surgical intervention. This review summarizes the brief history pertaining to the various techniques and outcomes of transcatheter balloon valvuloplasty in infants and children with critical or severe aortic valve stenosis.
How firms construct price changes: evidence from restaurant responses to increased minimum wages.

We use price data underlying the Consumer Price Index to assess how restaurants, whose prices are generally quite sticky, respond to minimum wage increases. Aggregate prices rise, quickly, by amounts reflecting the increase in costs, and they rise more among fast food outlets and in low-wage locations. But restaurants do not construct price increases by raising all their prices by amounts reflecting the increase in wages. Instead, they raise only some prices, but by larger amounts. Prices at cluster points are less likely to be changed, and prices that were recently increased (decreased) are less (more) likely to be raised.
FUSION PORES AND FUSION MACHINES IN CA2+-TRIGGERED EXOCYTOSIS

AbstractExocytosis is initiated within a highly localized region of contact between two biological membranes. Small areas of these membranes draw close, molecules on the two surfaces interact, and structural transformations take place. Membrane fusion requires the action of proteins specialized for this task, and these proteins act as a fusion machine. At a critical point in this process, a fusion pore forms within the membrane contact site and then expands as the spherical vesicle merges with the flat target membrane. Hence, the operation of a fusion machine must be realized through the formation and expansion of a fusion pore. Delineating the relation between the fusion machine and the fusion pore thus emerges as a central goal in elucidating the mechanisms of membrane fusion. We summarize present knowledge of fusion machines and fusion pores studied in vitro, in neurons, and in neuroendocrine cells, and synthesize this knowledge into some specific and detailed hypotheses for exocytosis.
SOI nano-technology for high-performance system on-chip applications

This paper presents the potential of the SOI technology in the nanometer regime for high-performance applications integrating the RF transceiver with the microprocessor and its embedded DRAM. Owing to its low-parasitic and high-Q passives integrated in a standard micro-processor technology, SOI CMOS can expand CMOS technology into the millimeter-wave frequency. Several examples of CML, VCO and amplifier circuits are provided.
A 69-Year-Old Male with Chronic Keratitis

A 69-year-old male developed painful chronic keratitis, scleritis, and a corneal ulcer. He had no history of contact use and recalled no trauma to the eye; however, the eye had a mature cataract. The patient was initially treated for viral keratitis with topical vidarabine and oral acyclovir, based
A tree-based reliable multicast scheme exploiting the temporal locality of transmission errors

Tree-based reliable multicast protocols provide scalability by distributing error-recovery tasks among several repair nodes. These repair nodes keep in their buffers all packets that are likely to be requested by any of its receiver nodes. We address the issue of deciding how long these packets should be retained and present a buffer management scheme taking into account the fact that most packet losses happen during short error bursts. Under our scheme, receiver nodes do not normally acknowledge correctly received packets and repair nodes routinely discard packets after a reasonable time interval. Whenever a receiver node detects a transmission error, its send a negative acknowledgement to its repair node and start acknowledging up to k correctly received packets. Whenever a repair node receives a retransmission request, it stops discarding packets that have not been properly acknowledged until it has received k consecutive acknowledgements from each node that had requested a packet retransmission.
Organizing the Lakota: The Political Economy of the New Deal on the Pine Ridge and Rosebud Reservations

In 1933 the United States Office of Indian Affairs began a major reform of Indian policy, organizing tribal governments under the provisions of the Indian Reorganization Act and turning over the administration of reservations to these new bodies. Organizing the Lakota considers the implementation of this act among the Lakota (Western Sioux or Teton Dakota) from 1933 through 1945. Biolsi pays particular attention to the administrative means by which the OIA retained the power to design and implement tribal "self-government" as well as the power to control the flow of critical resources rations, relief employment, credit to the reservations. He also shows how this imbalance of power between the tribes and the federal bureaucracy influenced politics on the reservations, and argues that the crisis of authority faced by the Lakota tribal governments among their own would-be constituents most dramatically demonstrated by the 1973 Wounded Knee occupation is a direct result of their disempowerment by the United States.
The merger of discrete event simulation with activity based costing for cost estimation in manufacturing environments

Activity based costing (ABC) has revolutionized product costing, planning, and forecasting in the last decade. It is based on a philosophy of estimation that: "it is better to be approximately right, than precisely wrong." The philosophy of discrete-event simulation modeling follows a similar tack, where statistical inference and the stochastic nature of processes are used to replicate the behavior of a physical system. In this work, ABC and discrete-event simulation are linked to provide an improved costing, planning, and forecasting tool. Numerous point cost estimates are generated by the ABC model, using driver values obtained from a discrete-event simulation of the process. The various cost estimates can be used to produce confidence interval estimates of both the physical system and underlying cost structure. Rather than having a single point estimate of a product's cost, it is now possible to produce the range of costs to be expected as process conditions vary. This improved cost estimate will support more informed operational and strategic decisions.
The enhanced cytotoxicity of combinations of 1 β D arabinofuranosylcytosine and methotrexate

Although both 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and methotrexate are presumed to be toxic as a result of their interference with DNA synthesis, results obtained with L1210 cells in vivo suggest that the combination of ara-C and methotrexate is capable of killing cells by a mechanism not related simply to DNA synthesis inhibition. Simultaneous administration of ara-C and methotrexate, or administration of these two agents within a 10-hr interval, independent of order, produces a synergistic cell kill of L1210 cells but a less than additive effect on normal hematopoietic stem cells. The extent of synergy seems dependent upon the dose of ara-C.
INFECTIOUSNESS OF HIV BETWEEN MALE HOMOSEXUAL PARTNERS

To estimate the risk of transmission of HIV per receptive anal sexual contact, 329 homosexually-active men, representing 155 sexual partnerships, were enrolled into a study. Information on HIV infection status and sexual behavior within and outside the primary relationship was collected. Of these 329 men, 24 had AIDS and 31 had ARC. Of the 155 couples, 35 consisted of partners that were both HIV +; 62 of partners that were both HIV-; and 58 were discordant. A binomial model was fit to data obtained in the first visit to estimate per contact risk of HIV transmission. Assuming a constant risk of transmission per sexual contact between infected and uninfected partners, the estimated risk is about 5 to 30 per 1000 receptive anal exposures to ejaculate. Although the average risk of HIV transmission per sexual contact appears to be low, there appears to be great variability in infectivity. To model this variability over time and across individuals, more complex models must be fit to longitudinal studies of sexual partners.
Prediagnostic circulating carotenoid levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Multiethnic Cohort

This analysis examined the association of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with prediagnostic carotenoid levels, a marker for a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort with 271 NHL cases and 538 controls matched on sex, ethnicity, location (Hawaii or Los Angeles), birth year, date and time of blood draw, and hours fasting before blood draw. Serum carotenoid levels were obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) according to tertiles of serum carotenoids and trend tests using continuous variables. Higher total serum carotenoids (OR(T3 vs T1) = 0.66 [0.46-0.96]; P(trend) = .02), lycopene (OR = 0.54 [0.38-0.78]; P(trend) = .003), and α-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.53 [0.36-0.78]; P(trend) = .003) were associated with a lower risk of NHL. For retinol (OR = 0.90 [0.61-1.33]; P(trend) = .04), a statistically significant inverse linear trend was detected. Risk estimates remained unchanged with adjustment for NHL risk factors and were similar in analyses stratified by sex and ethnicity; heterogeneity with NHL subtype was detected only for β-carotene. Other carotenoids, including α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin, showed no association with risk. These data provide support for a protective role of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables in the etiology of NHL.
DSM-III personality disorders: diagnostic overlap and internal consistency of individual DSM-III criteria.

Abstract We rated the presence or absence of every DSM-III personality criteria in a cohort of 131 non-psychotic subjects. Ratings were based on the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP) which was administered to each patient and a knowledgable informant. Diagnositc overlap of the personality disorders (PD) was examined. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value—positive and negative, and interrater reliability was calculated for each criteria item of each personality disorder. Problems in reliability of DSM-III personality disorders can be traced to specific criteria within those disorders that are associated with low reliability and/or low predictive value positive when compared to the other criteria used to define the personality disorder. Improvements are suggested. We were unable to demonstrate a significantly greater enhancement of reliability among criteria structures using a polythetic classification over those using monothetic classification despite a trend favoring the former. This study agrees with others that find a great deal of overlap between borderline PD and histrionic PD as defined in DSM-III. Passive-aggressive PD is very rare in the absence of some other PD. Paranoid and schizoid personality disorders were also rare though this may reflect the fact that individuals with these disorders rarely seek treatment.
Crystallizing crazes: The probable source of solvent stress cracking resistance in a polyester/polycarbonate blend

The addition of a miscible phthalate polyester to BPA polycarbonate results in a remarkable improvement in stress cracking resistance in strong swelling agents. Comparative measurements of solvent craze initiation resistance, craze strengths, degrees of swelling, and crystallization behavior have been made. The results indicate that the improvement in cracking resistance probably results from stabilization of the craze fibrils by crystallization of the polyester before and/or during fibril formation.
Writing a Scientific Paper

Scientific papers are written to a rigid format, composed of 4 sections, which correspond with the stages of the scientific method. This essay describes the relationship of the standard sections of a paper to the stages of the scientific method. Also for discussion will be the timing of the preparation of the paper and the relationship between the experimental protocol and the eventual paper.
Numts : A challenge for avian systematics and population biology

CONFER, J. L. AND K. KNAPP. 1981. Golden-winged Warblers and Blue-winged Warblers: The relative success of a habitat specialist and a generalist. Auk 98:108-114. FICKEN, M. S., AND R. W. FICKEN. 1968. Territorial relationships of Blue-winged Warblers, Goldenwinged Warblers, and their hybrids. Wilson Bulletin 80:161-172. GILL, F. B. 1980. Historical aspects of hybridization between Blue-winged and Golden-winged warblers. Auk 97:1-18. GILL, F. B. 1997. Local cytonuclear extinction of the Golden-winged Warbler. Evolution 51:519-525. GILL, F. B., AND W. E. LANYON. 1964. Experiments on species discrimination in Blue-winged Warblers. Auk 81:53-64. GILL, F. B., AND B. G. MURRAY, JR. 1972. Discrimination behavior and hybridization of the Bluewinged and Golden-winged warblers. Evolution 26:282-293. HANDS, H. M., R. D. DROBNEY, AND M. R. RYAN. 1989. Status of the Golden-winged Warbler in the northcentral United States. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cities, Minnesota. HILL, N. P., AND J. M. HAGAN III. 1991. Population trends of some northeastern North American landbirds: A half-century of data. Wilson Bulletin 103:165-182. HOLMES, R. T., T. W. SHERRY, AND F. W. STURGES. 1986. Bird community dynamics in a temperate deciduous forest: Long-term trends at Hubbard Brook. Ecological Monographs 50:201-220. LITVAITIS, J. A. 1993. Response of early successional vertebrates to historic changes in land use. Conservation Biology 7:866-873. MURRAY, B. G., JR., AND F. B. GILL. 1976. Behavioral interactions of Blue-winged and Golden-winged warblers. Wilson Bulletin 88:231-254. RAPPOLE, J. H., AND M. V. McDoNALD. 1994. Cause and effect in population declines of migratory birds. Auk 111:652-660. SAUER, J. R., J. E. HINES, G. GOUGH, I. THOMAS, AND B. G. PETERJOHN. 1997. The North American Breeding Bird Survey home page, version 96.3. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland. SCHEIDER, F. 1959. Warblers in southern New York. Kingbird 9:13-19. SMITH, C. R., D. M. PENCE, AND R. J. O'CONNOR. 1993. Status of Neotropical migratory birds in the northeast: A preliminary assessment. Pages 172-188 in Status and management of Neotropical migratory birds (D. M. Finch and P. W. Stangel, Eds.). United States Forest Service General Technical Report RM-229, Newton Corner, Massachusetts. WILL, T. C. 1986. The behavioral ecology of species replacement: Blue-winged and Golden-winged warblers in Michigan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. WITHAM, J. W, AND M. L. HUNTER, JR. 1992. Population trends of Neotropical migrant landbirds in northern coastal New England. Pages 85-95 in Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrant landbirds (J. M. Hagan III and D. W Johnston, Eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Hospitalization and Kidney Transplantation Among Waitlisted End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.

BACKGROUND Even after placement on the deceased donor waitlist, there are racial disparities in access to kidney transplant. The association between hospitalization, a proxy for health while waitlisted, and disparities in kidney transplant has not been investigated. METHODS We used United States Renal Data System Medicare-linked data on waitlisted end-stage renal disease patients between 2005 and 2009 with continuous enrollment in Medicare Parts A & B (n = 24 581) to examine the association between annual hospitalization rate and odds of receiving a deceased donor kidney transplant. We used multilevel mixed effects models to estimate adjusted odds ratios, controlling for individual-, transplant center-, and organ procurement organization-level clustering. RESULTS Blacks and Hispanics were more likely than whites to be hospitalized for circulatory system or endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (P 2 vs 0 hospitalizations/year adjusted odds ratios = 0.57; P < 0.001). Though blacks and Hispanics were more likely to be hospitalized than whites (P < 0.001), adjusting for hospitalization did not change estimated racial/ethnic disparities in kidney transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Individuals hospitalized while waitlisted were less likely to receive a transplant. However, hospitalization does not account for the racial disparity in kidney transplantation after waitlisting.
Economical bee-sting kits.

To be effective, bee-sting kits must be readily available to the patient at all times. Physicians can compose their own kits to keep cost within the means of the patient.
Analysis on iodine nutritional status and thyroid functional level of population aged 18～45 in coastal salt-producing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas in Xiamen city

Objective To identify the status of iodine content in edible salt,the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of population aged 18~45 in coastal salt-producing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas in Xiamen city,and provide the evidence for establishing the strategy of IDD control.Method Xiang'an salt-producing areas and Ji'mei non-salt-producing areas were selected as research spots.The proportion of households using adequate iodized salt,urine-iodine,blood thyroid hormone levels,kelp and seaweed intake habits of population among subjects aged 18~45 were investigated.Results The medians of salt iodine of coastal salt-producing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas were 27.21 mg/kg;the edible qualified iodinated salt rate of the two areas were 96.33% and 95.33% respectively;Among men aged 18~45,the median of urinary iodine were 232.95 μg/L and 206.55 μg/L respectively,the proportion of urine-iodine level 100 μg/L were 20.97% and 10%;Among women aged 18 to 45,the median of urinary iodine were 227.70 μg/L and 176.95 μg/L respectively,the proportion of urine-iodine level 100 μg/L were 21.67%and 25%.All the medians of thyroid hormones including TSH,TG,FT3,FT4,TPOAb,TT3 and TT4 of population aged 18~45 in coastal salt-producing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas were in normal ranges;The rate of hyperthyroidism of men aged 18~45 in coastal salt-producing areas was 3.4%,the rate of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism of women of reproductive age were both 1.67%,while the rate of coastal non-salt-producing areas were none.In every group,there was a certain proportion of susceptible population who was identified with autoimmune thyroid diseases.The median of urinary iodine of people who intake of sea-tangle and sea-sedge with frequency of great than or equal to 4,among 1~3 and less than 1 were no statistically significant difference.Conclusion The men aged 18~45 and women of reproductive age in coastal salt-producing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas were in appropriate iodine status totally.We should stick to USI,and perform surveillance to iodine nutritional status and detect the thyroid function level to women of reproductive age during premarital checkups.
Design and simulation of IM fuzzy self-adjusting PID controller

The system of IM is a high-order,non-linear and strong-coupling system.Using the traditional method for PID control,it is difficult to achieve fine control effection.By designing a fuzzy PID controller,fuzzy algorithm for on-line auto-tuning PID parameters is applied to the IM speed adjusting control system.The simulation results show that the method of fuzzy PID control has better control performance comparing with the conventional PID control,it has characteristics of no overshoot,fast response,strong robustness and so on.The feasibility of control methods is verified.
Occurrence of Lead and Barium in Roasted High-Lead Copper Anode Slime

The mineralogical characterization of lead and barium in roasted high-lead copper anode slime were studied by a variety of mineralogical techniques.The results showed that limited solid solution of( Pb,Ba) SO4 forms by PbSO4 coming into BaSO4.Meanwhile,( Pb,Ba) is partially replaced by Ag to form( Pb,Ba,Ag) SO4 and sometimes S is partially replaced by Sb to form( Pb,Ba) S( Sb) O4.The structure formed by base metals is complicated as CuO and( Pb,Ba) SO4 are always wrapped by each other.Tiny Au-Ag alloy particles are always wrapped by( Pb,Ba) SO4 and sometimes parallel eutectic system is formed by( Pb,Ba) SO4 and relatively larger particle of Au-Ag alloy.
Human cardiovascular evolution and intracranial saccular aneurysms: an hypothesis.

AbstractCurrent predominant theories for the pathogenesis of intracranial saccular aneurysms have a congenital or a degenerative basis. Complementing these theories, the predilection of intracranial aneurysms for the human species has been attributed to a variety of human neurovascular morphological traits, which however, on closer scrutiny are not unique to the human species. Human evolution to a bipedal primate has required significant adaptation in several organ systems, with significant consequent biological costs. We hypothesize that susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms is part of this latter cost of adopting an upright stance with respect to the neurovascular systems. Evidence supporting the above hypothesis, is presented. [Neurol Res 1996; 18: 33–38]
Fine-Scale Structure of the Genome and Markers Used in Association Mapping

In this chapter, mutation (specifically single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) and recombination will be covered in more detail, and the concepts of genotype and haplotype will be reviewed. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) describes the strength of a relationship between alleles at different loci. The definition for LD, its visual representation, and the calculation of statistics that measure LD will be presented. The power of genetic association studies to identify disease susceptibility alleles fundamentally relies on the genetic variants studied. A standard approach is to determine a set of tagging-SNPs (tSNPs) that capture the majority of genomic variation in regions of interest by exploiting local correlation structures. The concept of LD and how it is used to select tSNPs will be addressed, as well as specific procedures and algorithms that are practiced by researchers to determine these variants.
SSC Magnet Cryostat Suspension System Design

The design of the cryostat for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipole magnets has largely been driven by the design of the cold mass suspension and anchor systems. Rigorous structural requirements in combination with low allowable heat loads have resulted in a suspension system that represents a significant departure from current superconducting magnet design practice both in performance concept and materials selection. This paper presents a summary of the suspension and anchor system designs being employed in the SSC.
Gut-brain nutrient sensing in food reward

For the past several decades, vagal and hormonal gut-brain negative feedback signaling mechanisms that promote satiety and subsequent suppression of food intake have been explored. In addition, a separate positive feedback process termed "appetition," involving postoral signaling from the gut to the brain, has been shown to promote food intake and produce flavor-nutrient preference conditioning. Afferent fibers emerging from the vagus nerve form the main pathway by which information is relayed from the abdominal viscera to the hindbrain and eventually other higher brain regions involved in food intake. Using a specialized subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation technique, it was observed that gut vagal and splanchnic afferents play a role in the negative feedback control of satiety after nutrient intake; however, these afferents are not required for nutrient reinforcement or flavor-nutrient preference conditioning, thereby highlighting the distinction between the processes of satiation and appetition. By linking these physiological and behavioral processes to a neurochemical mechanism, it was found that striatal dopamine release induced by intragastric glucose infusion is involved in sweet appetite conditioning. The mechanisms underlying appetition are still being investigated but may involve other nondopaminergic neurochemical systems and/or presently undiscovered hormonal mediators. Future work to delineate the biological mechanisms whereby appetition drives increased intake and conditioned food preference in response to ingestion should take a multifaceted approach by integrating hormonal, neurophysiological, and behavioral techniques.
Biotypes and ScM types of isolates of Streptococcus canis from diseased and healthy cats

Lancefield group G Streptococcus canis is a component of the normal urogenital and pharyngeal flora of the cat. It is also frequently implicated in epizootics of severe disease in closed cat colonies and animal shelters. Given the importance of S canis as a feline pathogen and relative lack of published information on characteristics potentially associated with virulence, the authors have compared isolates from healthy and diseased cats in New York and California using fermentation profiles (biotype) and ScM sequences. With few exceptions, isolates associated with disease were biotype 1. Four alleles of scm were identified of which type 1 dominated in diseased cats. Type 4 allelic variants were found only in healthy cats and all but one were biotype 2. Type 2 and 3 alleles showed extensive N-terminal variation suggesting a plasminogen-binding site as found on the type 1 allele was absent. Cat antisera to ScM were opsonobactericidal, and these potentially protective antibodies increased during convalescence.
Constrained Cage Culture Improves Engineered Cartilage Functional Properties by Enhancing Collagen Network Stability.

When cultured with sufficient nutrient supply, engineered cartilage synthesizes proteoglycans rapidly, producing an osmotic swelling pressure that destabilizes immature collagen and prevents the development of a robust collagen framework, a hallmark of native cartilage. We hypothesized that mechanically constraining the proteoglycan-induced tissue swelling would enhance construct functional properties through the development of a more stable collagen framework. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel “cage” growth system to mechanically prevent tissue constructs from swelling while ensuring adequate nutrient supply to the growing construct. The effectiveness of constrained culture was examined by testing constructs embedded within two different scaffolds: agarose and cartilage-derived matrix hydrogel (CDMH). Constructs were seeded with immature bovine chondrocytes and cultured under free swelling (FS) conditions for 14 days with transforming growth factor-β before being placed into a constraining ca...
ESD design methodology for tablets

This paper discusses the design methodology for robust ESD performance of a tablet. Different aspects of design for ESD such as PCB design and Mechanical design are discussed. This design methodology has evolved with the learnings from multiple product designs. This would help to avoid ESD issues in the first design itself thus helping to skip the challenges in debugging and fixing an ESD issue along with the cost for additional iterations for design.
Preserving Local Differential Privacy in Online Social Networks

Following the trend of Online Social Networks (OSNs) data sharing and publishing, researchers raise their concern about the privacy problem. Differential privacy is such a mechanism to anonymize sensitive data. It deploys graph abstraction models, such as the Hierarchical Random Graph (HRG) model, to extract graph features. However, the injected noise amount, determined by the sensitivity, is usually proportion to the size of the whole network. Therefore, achieving global differential privacy may harm the utility of the releasing graphs.
Multicomponent distributed acoustic sensing: Concept and theory

ABSTRACTDistributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data are increasingly used in geophysics. Lower in cost and higher in spatial resolution, DAS data are appealing, especially in boreholes in which optical...
La crónica de Juan de Paiva sobre el juego de pelota en Apalache

The purpose of this article is to publish the 1676 narrative of father Juan de Paiva concerning the mythological origins of the Apalachee ball game and its ceremonial practices The manuscript, housed at the Archivo General de Indias, has never been edited in Spanish, despite being one of the two extant sources that shed light on the language and culture of the Apalachee Indians within the Spanish mission system of 17th-century Florida A correct interpretation of the text, I contend, allows for a more accurate reading of the symbolism behind the ceremonies and mythic origins of the game.
Optimal design of demand adaptive paired-line hybrid transit: Case of radial route structure

Abstract This paper studies the design problem of a demand adaptive paired-line hybrid transit system with a radial network structure. Depending on whether the demand adaptive service is operated along circular or radial transit lines, two variants of such systems are considered: a Circular Model (or C-Model) and a Radial Model (or R-Model). A continuous approximation approach is employed to develop the optimal design problem, which is formulated as a mixed integer program. A comprehensive numerical experiment is performed to compare various cost components corresponding to the optimal design of the two systems, and a discrete-event simulation is developed to validate the analysis. Numerical and simulation results suggest that the radial route network outperforms the grid route network, which was analyzed previously in the literature, with a significant margin, while the C-Model and R-Model offer similar performance.
Evaluation of SNOMED CT as a Reference Terminology for Standardized Data Queries in the Arden Syntax.

Context Arden Syntax is a standard that encodes knowledge as Medical Logic Modules (MLMs) but lacks a standard query data model and terminology. Objective Assess to what extent SNOMED CT can represent MLM query data elements. Method 340 MLMs containing 3268 queries were examined. Result SNOMED can be used to represent all data elements except for clinical decision support system terms such as "alert." Conclusion SNOMED CT adequately represents data queried using the Arden Syntax.
Association Between Maximal Activated Clotting Time and Major Bleeding Complications During Transradial and Transfemoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine whether higher maximal activated clotting time (ACT) during transradial (TR) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with greater bleeding risk. Background Higher maximal ACT during transfemoral (TF) PCI has been associated with a greater bleeding risk. It is unclear whether this relationship exists in the setting of TR PCI. Methods Among 14,637 patients undergoing TR or TF PCI with unfractionated heparin monotherapy, the study related maximal ACT to the risk of major bleeding. In secondary analyses, the study related maximal ACT to composites of in-hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke and in-hospital death, MI, or urgent target vessel revascularization. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to compare outcomes in the third with the first and second maximal ACT tertiles. Results More major bleeding occurred at ACT >290 s versus ≤290 s following TF (7.7% vs. 5.8%; p = 0.006) but not TR PCI (1.7% vs. 2.4%; p = 0.18). After adjustment, major bleeding risk remained significantly higher at ACT >290 s versus ACT ≤290 s among TF (odds ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 1.62; p = 0.036) but not TR PCI (odds ratio: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.42 to 1.22; p = 0.22). Maximal ACT was not related to the incidence of composite death, MI, or stroke or death, MI, or urgent target vessel revascularization following TF or TR PCI. Conclusions Higher maximal ACT is associated with a greater risk of major bleeding following TF PCI than TR PCI.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Vitreo-macular Interface

The vitreous occupies four fifths of the volume of the eyeball and consists of collagen fibers and hyaluronic acid. These components maintain a clear matrix with viscoelastic properties resulting in outward mechanical forces responsible for retinal attachment. Anatomically, the vitreous can be divided into vitreous base, core, and cortex. The vitreous cortex envelopes the core, with attachments to all its contiguous structures, such as the vitreous base, the lens, parafovea, margin of optic nerve, and major retinal blood vessels. Anchoring fibrils grow from the inner layer of the vitreous cortex into the internal limiting membrane of the retina forming the vitreoretinal interface. Diffusion of molecules can occur through this interface in a unilateral direction providing a pathway for intravitreal drug delivery.