cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactive Attachment Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnosis and Care in a Cultural Context

As conceptualized by psychodynamic and object relations theory, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and reactive attachment disorder (RAD) are clustered very closely together as a set of possible responses to emotionally cold and distant mothering. In the present-day mainstream US healthcare system, ASD has since been recast as a neurobiologically mediated condition, assumed to be present from birth, that more likely arises from genetic inborn factors and hypothesized environmental teratogens rather than a particular parenting style; RAD has similarly been recast as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder with its own neurobiological correlates and insufficient caregiving being a necessary, but by no means the only, etiological factor. In Korea and Spain, however, psychodynamic conceptualizations of ASD and RAD—including mother-blaming—have continued into the present. We explore the historically and culturally mediated reasons for these persisting diagnostic traditions and how they affect the relationship between mothers and the mental health systems of those particular countries.
Reduced vestibular function is associated with longer, slower steps in healthy adults during normal speed walking

Abstract Background Vestibular signals contribute to balance and walking. With aging, vestibular function declines and gait speed decreases. Vestibular loss contributes to decreasing gait speed, but this influence could be linked to spatial and/or temporal aspects of gait. We investigated the relationship between vestibular function (semicircular canal and otolith function) and spatial and temporal gait parameters in a cohort of adults. Methods 113 community-dwelling healthy adults (mean age 72.2 (14.6) years) participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were tested. Horizontal semicircular canal (SCC) function was evaluated using quantitative vestibulo-ocular reflex gain. Otolith function was measured with cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Gait kinematics were collected during normal speed walking. Multiple linear regressions examined the association between spatial and temporal gait parameters and SCC and otolith function separately, controlling for age, gender, height, and either cadence (for spatial gait outcomes) or stride length (for temporal gait outcomes) to account for gait speed effects. Results Vestibular SCC function was significantly associated with both spatial and temporal gait parameters. Every 0.1 decrease in SCC function resulted in longer stride length (β = -.04 m, p = 0.004), longer stance time (β = 15.8 ms, p Conclusions Reduced horizontal SCC function was associated with longer, slower steps in a cohort of healthy adults. These results indicate that vestibular signals contribute to specific spatial and temporal aspects of gait thought to contribute to upright balance.
Crustal structure of Mesozoic rifting in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico from integration of seismic and potential fields data

AbstractWe have investigated the crustal structure of a 400 km wide zone of thinned continental crust in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) using gravity and magnetic modeling along two deeply p...
Anterior hyaloid membrane dissection using the conventional surgical microscope: a novel surgical approach in 2 patients.

To describe the dissection and removal of the anterior hyaloid membrane using the conventional surgical microscope. This microscopic surgical approach involves dissecting the anterior hyaloid at the natural anatomical plane. A 30-gauge needle mounted on a 3.0 cc syringe is used to inject filtered air anterior to the anterior hyaloid membrane. Two patients needed this procedure; the first patient was pseudophakic with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, tractional retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage. The second patient was phakic with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. Both patients tolerated the procedure well with no complications. Pneumatic dissection of the anterior hyaloid membrane is previously thought to be only possible with the aid of ophthalmic endoscopy. This novel surgical approach provides surgeons with the option to perform pneumatic dissection of the anterior hyaloid when ophthalmic endoscopy is not available. Prospective studies are needed to reveal possible additional benefits or risks associated with this approach.
Maybe not an overreaction

A mathematical simulation of coronavirus COVID-19 estimated the number of infections to be far worse than reported.
Endothelium-targeted overexpression of Krüppel-like factor 11 protects the blood-brain barrier function after ischemic brain injury.

Microvascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and the subsequent blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown are frequently seen in many neurological disorders, including stroke. We have previously documented that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-mediated cerebral protection during ischemic insults needs Kruppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) as a critical coactivator. However, the role of endothelial KLF11 in cerebrovascular function and stroke outcome is unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the regulatory role of endothelial KLF11 in BBB preservation and neurovascular protection after ischemic stroke. EC-targeted overexpression of KLF11 significantly mitigated BBB leakage in ischemic brains, evidenced by significantly reduced extravasation of BBB tracers and infiltration of peripheral immune cells, and less brain water content. Endothelial cell-selective KLF11 transgenic (EC-KLF11 Tg) mice also exhibited smaller brain infarct and improved neurological function in response to ischemic insults. Furthermore, EC-targeted transgenic overexpression of KLF11 preserved cerebral tight junction (TJ) levels and attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in mice after ischemic stroke. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that KLF11 directly binds to the promoter of major endothelial TJ proteins including occludin and ZO-1 to promote their activities. Our data indicate that KLF11 functions at the EC level to preserve BBB structural and functional integrity, and therefore, confers brain protection in ischemic stroke. KLF11 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke and other neurological conditions involving BBB breakdown and neuroinflammation.
Predicting Surgical Intervention in Cerebellar Stroke: A Quantitative Retrospective Analysis

Background Debate still exists regarding whether preventive surgical decompression should be offered to high-risk patients experiencing cerebellar stroke. This study aimed to predict neurologic decline based on risk factors, volumetric analysis, and imaging characteristics. Methods This retrospective cohort study comprised patients ≥18 years who presented with acute cerebellar ischemic stroke (CIS) between January 2011 and December 2016. Diagnostic imaging was used to calculate metrics based on individual stroke, cerebellar, and posterior fossa volumes. Head computed tomography scans on presentation and day of peak swelling were used to tabulate a CIS score. Results The study included 86 patients; most were male and African American. Posterior inferior communicating artery stroke was most common (50%). On initial presentation imaging, 18.6% had documented hydrocephalus, 20.9% had brainstem compression, 22.1% had brainstem stroke, and 39.5% had stroke in another vascular territory. Cardioembolic stroke was the most common etiology, followed by cryptogenic stroke. Overall, patients who underwent surgical intervention had larger stroke volumes on presentation. Patients undergoing surgical intervention also experienced faster cerebellar swelling compared with patients without intervention. Total CIS scores were statistically significant and remained significant on the peak day of swelling. CIS score was independently associated with neurosurgical intervention; patients in this group with delayed interventions (median CIS score, 6; range, 4–8) later deteriorated and required emergent surgical decompression. Eleven patients without intervention had CIS score >6; 4 patients died of stroke complications. Conclusions Volumetric studies and CIS score are objective measures that may help predict decline on imaging before clinical deterioration.
Self-assembled VEGF-R2 targeting DNA aptamer-collagen fibers stimulate an angiogenic-like endothelial cell phenotype.

Abstract Vascularization of engineered tissue is one of the hallmark challenges of tissue engineering. Leveraging self-assembled nucleic acid-collagen complexes (NACCs), we mixed a VEGF-R2 targeting aptamer or its receptor agonist divalent assembly with type I collagen to assemble NACC microfibers. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) quickly remodeled these fibers into tubulogenic-like structures over 48 h. Moreover, NACCs made with the receptor agonist divalent aptamer assembly promoted enhanced expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) by HUVECs as measured by either immunocytochemistry or ELISA. The findings suggest, endothelial cell phenotype was directed by both biochemical cues afforded by the agonist behavior of the divalent aptamer assembly as well as by the biophysical cues afforded by the fibrous topography. Collectively, these results support the development of an angiogenic endothelial cell phenotype stimulated by the VEGF-R2 agonist NACC fibers. Thus, the combination of engineered DNA aptamer nanotechnology and DNA-collagen complexation phenomena is a promising biofunctional natural scaffold material system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With t(14;18) and Trisomy 12 Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature

○ The chromosomal abnormality t(14;18) is most commonly associated with neoplasms of follicular center cell origin. However, t(14;18) also has been reported in rare cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In 2215 cases of CLL studied by conventional cytogenetics in our institution, we identified 2 cases of CLL carrying t(14;18). Both patients were men, aged 52 and 71 years at the time of diagnosis. One patient presented with leukemia and the other primarily with nodal disease. In addition to t(14;18), trisomy 12 (+12) was identified in the same clone in both cases. Atypical morphologic features were identified: case 1 contained more than 15% lymphoid cells with cleaved nuclei, whereas case 2 contained more than 15% plasmacytoid lymphoid cells. The immunophenotype of case 2 was also unusual for CLL, showing weak CD23 expression and FMC7 positivity. We identified 6 other t(14;18)-carrying CLL cases in the literature; 2 had t(14;18) as the sole abnormality and 2 contained +12 as the additional abnormality. To conclude, cases of CLL carrying t(14;18) are exceedingly rare, and +12 appears to be the most common cytogenetic abnormality coexisting with t(14;18) in CLL.
Expression of ion channels by injection of mRNA into Xenopus oocytes.

Publisher Summary This chapter briefly outlines the approaches and methods used for expression of ion channels by injection of messenger RNA (mRNA) into Xenopus oocytes. The Xenopus oocyte system is perhaps uniquely suited to the study of ion channels and neural receptors in a controlled in vivo environment. The oocyte system is used as an assay for the isolation of complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding receptors for which the only information available was a functional response. The oocyte expression system is particularly useful for the isolation of cDNA clones encoding ion channels for which no sequence information is available. Two basic approaches are used: (1) hybrid selection or depletion, and (2) direct expression. There are a number of important considerations in using Xenopus oocytes to study ion channel and receptor functions. The first of these is that uninjected oocytes express a variety of electrophysiological responses which might interfere with the one being studied. The chapter highlights preparation of RNA for injection.
Short-term neurodevelopmental outcome of babies operated on for low-risk esophageal atresia: a pilot study

Summary Data on the neurodevelopmental outcome of esophageal atresia (EA) survivors are scarce, controversial, and based on small samples. This is an observational prospective longitudinal study on a selected cohort of low-risk EA survivors. We considered a low-risk EA survivor a patient with the following characteristics: gestational age >32 weeks, no long gap, no genetic or chromosomic anomaly associated with neurodevelopmental delay, and no further major surgical congenital anomalies. Infants were evaluated with scales derived from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – 3rd Edition at 6 and 12 months, with a score of 100 considered normal for each scale. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences of cognitive and motor development. Linear regression was used to assess the impact of the following clinical and sociodemographic variables: gender, birthweight, gestational age, length of hospital stay, number of surgeries and number of esophageal dilatations during first hospitalization, days of mechanical ventilation, weight at follow up, number of surgeries and esophageal dilatations at follow up, parental age, educational level, and socioeconomic status. Thirty children form the object of the study. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) cognitive scale's score was 93.7 (7.5) and 98.2 (9.6) at 6 and 12 months, respectively (P 5° percentile: 88.8 (6.3) and 100.5 (8.9), respectively. At 12 months, children with unemployed mothers had a mean (SD) motor score significantly lower when compared with those in the other socioeconomic classes: 87.7 (9.8) and 100.6 (12.4), respectively. In conclusion, parents of babies operated on for low-risk EA can be reassured about neurodevelopmental outcome at least up to 1 year of age. When offering a multidisciplinary follow-up program, underweight patients should deserve particular attention to promote their quality of life and support their global development.
Project Crashing Using Excel Solver: A Simple AON Network Approach

This paper introduces a new and efficient AON-Solver approach to solve project crashing problems. The new approach uses conventional critical path concepts to determine the project completion time and to define network structures in Excel. It is simple and straightforward, with less decision variables and constraints than the existing AOA-Solver approach, which relies on tracking event times of the nodes in the AOA network. Also, there is no requirement to deal with dummy variables, which are often problematic, but frequently required in many AOA networks. In addition, most of the students and business practitioners are more familiar and comfortable with AON network. It would be more appealing and accessible for them to learn and to implement a computerized approach to solve project crashing problems, and to better understand the cost-time tradeoffs in project crashing.
ts1, a temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB, can infect both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but requires CD4+ T cells in order to cause paralysis and immunodeficiency.

Abstract When neonatal FVB/N mice were inoculated with ts1, a temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB, they developed a progressive bilateral hindlimb paralysis and immunodeficiency leading to death 4 to 6 weeks after inoculation. T lymphocytes have been shown to be primarily responsible for this ts1-induced syndrome. Here we compare the role played by each subset of T lymphocytes, i.e., CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in disease development. Mice were depleted of a specific subset for the first 10 days of their lives by using either anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Disease development in these mice was then monitored. Depletion of CD4+ T cells significantly attenuated the ts1-induced syndrome: virus replication was decreased, disease latency was extended, and death was prevented in 60% of the mice. Similar treatment with anti-CD8 antibody had almost no effect on disease progression. However, when depletion was begun 2 weeks after neonatal ts1 inoculation, CD4+ T cell depletion did not affect disease development. ts1 infected CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes equally well in vivo, as shown by flow cytometric analysis, but virus replication was restricted primarily to the CD4+ subset of T cells, as found by in vitro assay. Hence, CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in the development of ts1-induced paralysis and immunodeficiency. The mechanism of this CD4+ T-cell-mediated disease production by ts1 is not clear; however, increased replication of ts1 in the CD4+ T cells, especially in the early stages of the disease, seems to play a crucial role.
Turning off the signal: desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptor function.

Cellular responses to many hormones and neurotransmitters wane rapidly despite continuous exposure of cells to these stimuli. This phenomenon, termed desensitization, has been particularly well studied for the stimulation of cAMP levels by plasma membrane beta-adrenergic receptors (beta AR). The molecular mechanisms underlying rapid beta AR desensitization do not appear to require internalization of the receptors, but rather an alteration in the functioning of beta AR themselves that uncouples the receptors from the stimulatory G protein Gs. This uncoupling phenomenon involves phosphorylation of beta AR by at least two kinases, PKA and the beta AR kinase (beta ARK), which are activated under different desensitizing conditions. Receptor phosphorylation by the two kinases leads to desensitization of the receptor response via distinct biochemical mechanisms, and additional cytosolic factors appear to be involved in the case of beta ARK. Numerous experimental approaches have been used recently to elucidate th...
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and hydrops: a lethal association?

Abstract Background/Purpose: Nonimmune hydrops in the fetus is a finding that often portends death. The association and prognosis of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and hydrops is not known. Methods: A retrospective review of all prenatally diagnosed cases and referrals of CDH was performed. Variables analyzed included gestational age at diagnosis and delivery, side of hernia, presence of associated anomalies and hydrops, and neonatal outcome. Results: Since 1993, 474 prenatal referrals for CDH have been made. One hundred seventy-five were evaluated; 15 fetuses had hydrops (9%). Five patients had CDH, hydrops, and associated lethal anomalies. In the remaining 10 patients, 6 of the diaphragmatic defects were right-sided and 4 were left-sided. All except one had a major portion of the liver herniated into the chest. Six fetuses had prenatal intervention. Five neonates died shortly after birth. There were 5 long-term survivors; all received prenatal intervention. Conclusions: The association of CDH and hydrops is rare but often results in fatality. Hydrops appears to be associated with liver in the hernia, right-sided lesions, and lethal anomalies. Fetal intervention can be performed successfully in patients with CDH and hydrops, and may improve long-term survival rate in this group. J Pediatr Surg 37:1678-1680. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
The Use of Antithyroid Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation

The management of hyperthyroidism in the pregnant woman has been the topic of several recent reviews (1–6) and case series (7–8). These papers have discussed maternal-fetal thyroid relationships, the epidemiology of maternal hyperthyroidism, causes of gestational thyrotoxicosis, the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, therapy with ATDs, surgery, b adrenergic blocking drugs, and iodides, as well as the consequences of inadvertent radioiodine therapy and the implications of breast feeding. The purpose of this discussion is to provide an in depth examination of the use of ATDs in the pregnant hyperthyroid woman, rather than to present comprehensive guidelines for the treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy furnished in other reviews (1–6). The subject continues to engender controversy because of the lack of prospective clinical trials and the relative rarity of the condition, occurring in only 1 of 1000–2000 pregnancies (7, 8). With more women receiving radioiodine before conception, the frequency may be even lower in the future.
2-Dialkynyl derivatives of (N)-methanocarba nucleosides: ‘Clickable’ A3 adenosine receptor-selective agonists

Abstract We modified a series of (N)-methanocarba nucleoside 5′-uronamides to contain dialkyne groups on an extended adenine C2 substituent, as synthetic intermediates leading to potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists. The proximal alkyne was intended to promote receptor recognition, and the distal alkyne reacted with azides to form triazole derivatives (click cycloaddition). Click chemistry was utilized to couple an octadiynyl A3AR agonist to azido-containing fluorescent, chemically reactive, biotinylated, and other moieties with retention of selective binding to the A3AR. A bifunctional thiol-reactive crosslinking reagent was introduced. The most potent and selective novel compound was a 1-adamantyl derivative (Ki 6.5 nM), although some of the click products had Ki values in the range of 200–400 nM. Other potent, selective derivatives (Ki at A3AR in nM) were intended as possible receptor affinity labels: 3-nitro-4-fluorophenyl (10.6), α-bromophenacyl (9.6), thiol-reactive isothiazolone (102), and arylisothiocyanate (37.5) derivatives. The maximal functional effects in inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP were measured, indicating that this class of click adducts varied from partial to full A3AR agonist compared to other widely used agonists. Thus, this strategy provides a general chemical approach to linking potent and selective A3AR agonists to reporter groups of diverse structure and to carrier moieties.
The estimation of lung mechanics parameters in the presence of pathology: a theoretical analysis.

Mechanical lung function is frequently assessed in terms of lung resistance (R L), lung elastance (E L), and airway resistance (R aw). These quantities are determined by measuring input impedance at various oscillation frequencies, and allow lung tissue resistance (R t) to be estimated as the difference between R L and R aw. These various parameters change in characteristic ways in the presence of lung pathology. In particular, the ratio R t/E L (known as hysteresivity, (η) has been shown both experimentally and in numerical simulations to increase when regional heterogeneities in mechanical function develop throughout the lung. In this study, we performed an analytical investigation of a two-compartment lung model and showed that while heterogeneity always leads to an increase in E L, η will increase only initially. When heterogeneity becomes extreme, η stops increasing and starts to decrease. However, there are no experimental reports of η decreasing under conditions in which heterogeneity would be expected to exist. We speculate that this is because liquid bridges invariably form across airway lumen that narrow to a certain point, thereby preventing them from achieving arbitrarily small non-zero radii. We also show that recruitment of closed lung units during lung inflation may lead to variables responses in both η and E L.
Machine Learning Techniques Applied to Sensor Data Correction in Building Technologies

Since commercial and residential buildings account for nearly half of the United States' energy consumption, making them more energy-efficient is a vital part of the nation's overall energy strategy. Sensors play an important role in this research by collecting data needed to analyze performance of components, systems, and whole-buildings. Given this reliance on sensors, ensuring that sensor data are valid is a crucial problem. The solution we are researching is machine learning techniques, namely: artificial neural networks and Bayesian Networks. Types of data investigated in this study are: (1) temperature, (2) humidity, (3) refrigerator energy consumption, (4) heat pump liquid pressure, and (5) water flow. These data are taken from Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) ZEBRAlliance research project which is composed of four single-family homes in Oak Ridge, TN. Results show that for the temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow sensors, data can mostly be predicted with root-mean-square error of less than 10% of the respective sensor's mean value. Results for the energy sensor were not as good, root-mean-square errors were centered about 100% of the mean value and were often well above 200%. Bayesian networks had smaller errors, but took substantially longer to train.
The Beach Beneath the Streets: Contesting New York City's Public Spaces

Benjamin Shepard and Greg Smithsimon, The Beach Beneath the Streets: Contesting New York City's Public Spaces (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2011) What would it take to claw into the ...
Absorption, emission, and linebreadths: A semihistorical perspective

The development of the theory of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules is outlined. A fully classical analysis of absorption and emission is formulated in which particular attention is paid to questions of detailed balance and to the sum rules obeyed by the susceptibility. Collision broadening is introduced through time-dependent dipole moment correlation functions, and brief discussions of interruption broadening and various frequency modulation models are given. The corresponding quantum mechanical analysis is presented with emphasis on the points in common with the classical approach. The importance of correspondence principles in bridging the gap between classical and quantum mechanical theories is stressed.
Keeping up with CEO Jones: Benchmarking and executive compensation

Abstract This paper seeks to understand the role that peer comparisons play in the determination of executive compensation. I exploit a recent change in the Securities and Exchange Commission's regulations that requires firms to disclose the peer companies used for determining the compensation of their top executives. Using a new dataset of S&P 900 companies’ choice of benchmarking firms during two fiscal periods (2007 and 2008), I investigate what determines the choice of comparison firms. I find that companies have a preference for choosing higher-CEO-compensation firms as their benchmark. Though I find that companies prefer to choose as their benchmark peers with similar firm characteristics, for CEO compensation, this effect is countered by a preference for firms with higher-than-own CEO compensation. Using the complete map of firms’ choices, I implement an instrumental variable strategy that uses the characteristics of peers-of-peers to estimate the effect of others’ compensation on own compensation. For Fiscal Year 2007, I find an elasticity of 0.5.
Social structure and winter survival in acorn ants

Fluctuating selection is a major theme in the evolutionary and ecological literature, yet attempts to measure how differential selection across time or space affects long-term change in life history traits or behaviors are still rare. Social evolution among the insects has been broadly studied with respect to how key parameters such as queen number and relatedness vary to influence colony fitness. However, a primary focus on fertility selection in the warm months must be complemented by parallel investigations on survivorship selection during the cold months. Here we provide the first assessment of social structure and overwintering survivorship in the field. We studied the acorn ant, which stays aboveground throughout the cold winters in North America, by varying queen number and colony size over two consecutive winters. We found that winter survival was quite low but unconnected to variable colony structure. Therefore previous studies on how social structure affects fertility selection in acorn ants have not been confounded by countervailing selection during the cold months. Our data support the assumption of the larger literature that selective forces molding social behavior in ants act primarily on fertility selection during the reproductive season.
Interaction Control of a Redundant Mobile Manipulator

This paper discusses the modeling and control of a spatial mobile manipulator that consists of a robotic manipulator mounted on a wheeled mobile platform. The Lagrange-d'Alembert formulation is used to obtain a concise description of the dynamics of the system, which is subject to nonholonomic constraints. The complexity of the model is increased by introducing kinematic redundancy, which is created when a multilinked manipulator is used. The kinematic redundancy is resolved by decomposing the mobile manipulator into two subsystems: the mobile platform and the manipulator. The re dundancy resolution scheme employs a nonlinear interaction-control algorithm, which is developed and applied to coordinate the two sub systems' controllers. The subsystem controllers are independently designed, based on each subsystem's dynamic characteristics. Sim ulation results show the promise of the developed algorithm.
A note on the phytochemical study of the root of Cnidoscolus texanus (Muell. Arg.) Small.

The root of C. texanus, heretofore not examined chemically, has been found to be high in carbohydrate content with alkaloids and glycosides absent, or present only in negligible quantities. Other interesting facts observed in this investigation indicate that the root system as well as other parts of the plant might be worthy of further investigation.
Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation verification of a smooth transition algorithm between Maximum Torque per Ampere control and single current regulator

Single Current Regulator (SCR) is proven able to achieve deep flux-weakening operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs). A novel method is proposed to assure the smooth transition between Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA) and SCR control. This paper focuses on the development of a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine drive testing system, and through this system, the proposed transition algorithm between MTPA control and SCR can be verified in real time and implemented in the real system concurrently.
Relationship between performance on the Everyday Spatial Activities Test and on objective measures of spatial behavior in men and women

The validity of the Everyday Spatial Activities Test (ESAT) for predicting performance on tasks requiring visuosptial perception and knowledge was examined in a sample of male and female college students. ESAT scores were positively correlated with performance on tests of visuospatial perception but not with measures of visuospatial (geographic) knowledge. However, with the exception of performance on the water jar problem, demographic variables were better predictors of performance than the ESAT was, suggesting that the test may have limited utility.
Solution characteristics of selenium and tellurium tetrahalides

Abstract Infrared spectroscopic, molecular weight and electrical conductance data are reported for selenium tetrachloride, tellurium tetrachloride and tetrabromide, and tellurium dichlorodibromide in several non-aqueous, polar solvents. These data are interpreted as indicating these substances to be present primarily as monomolecular species in these solutions, but undergoing a limited ionization. Comparison of the infrared spectrum of crystalline TeCl 2 Br 2 with that of the substance in benzene solution suggests a TeClBr + 2 Cl formulation for the crystalline material.
Effects of stabilization on the elastic to visco-plastic transition in metallic glasses

On etudie le fluage et la microstructure du verre Cu 40 Zr 60 prepare par trempe du ruban et stabilise de 240 a 377 C pendant 0 a 100 heures. On discute le changement du mecanisme de fluage en fonction de la microstructure
Evaluation of clinical full field digital mammography with the task specific system-model-based Fourier Hotelling observer (SMFHO) SNR

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the image acquisition chain of clinical full field digital mammography (FFDM) systems by quantifying their image quality, and how well the desired information is captured by the images. Methods: The authors present a practical methodology to evaluate FFDM using the task specific system-model-based Fourier Hotelling observer (SMFHO) signal to noise ratio (SNR), which evaluates the signal and noise transfer characteristics of FFDM systems in the presence of a uniform polymethyl methacrylate phantom that models the attenuation of a 6 cm thick 20/80 breast (20% glandular/80% adipose). The authors model the system performance using the generalized modulation transfer function, which accounts for scatter blur and focal spot unsharpness, and the generalized noise power spectrum, both estimated with the phantom placed in the field of view. Using the system model, the authors were able to estimate system detectability for a series of simulated disk signals with various diameters and thicknesses, quantified by a SMFHO SNR map. Contrast-detail (CD) curves were generated from the SNR map and adjusted using an estimate of the human observer efficiency, without performing time-consuming human reader studies. Using the SMFHO method the authors compared two FFDM systems, the GE Senographe DS and Hologic Selenia FFDM systems, which use indirect and direct detectors, respectively. Results: Even though the two FFDM systems have different resolutions, noise properties, detector technologies, and antiscatter grids, the authors found no significant difference between them in terms of detectability for a given signal detection task. The authors also compared the performance between the two image acquisition modes (fine view and standard) of the GE Senographe DS system, and concluded that there is no significant difference when evaluated by the SMFHO. The estimated human observer efficiency was 30 ± 5% when compared to the SMFHO. The results showed good agreement when compared to other model observers as well as previously published human observer data. Conclusions: This method generates CD curves from the SMFHO SNR that can be used as figures of merit for evaluating the image acquisition performance of clinical FFDM systems. It provides a way of creating an empirical model of the FFDM system that accounts for patient scatter, focal spot unsharpness, and detector blur. With the use of simulated signals, this method can predict system performance for a signal known exactly/background known exactly detection task with a limited number of images, therefore, it can be readily applied in a clinical environment.
Objective Sleep Duration and Quality in Hospitalized Older Adults: Associations with Blood Pressure and Mood

Vineet M. Arora, MD, MAPP1,5, Kevin L. Chang, BS2, Arshiya Fazal3, Paul G. Staisiunas, BA1, Phyllis C. Zee, MD, PhD4, Kristen L. Knutson, PhD1,5, David O. Meltzer, MD, PhD2, and Eve Van Cauter, PhD1,5 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago 2Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago 3The College, University of Chicago 4Department of Neurology, Northwestern University 5Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, University of Chicago
Observations on the effect of cholesterol and fat supplementation on the composition of rabbit liver and plasma lipides

Abstract 1. 1. A study has been made of liver and plasma lipides from rabbits fed commercial chow, chow supplemented with beef tallow and cholesterol, and chow plus corn oil and cholesterol. 2. 2. Animals fed the supplemented diets showed substantial increases in liver and plasma total lipides, particularly in cholesteryl esters; those receiving tallow and cholesterol supplements showed the greatest increases. 3. 3. Monoenoic acid was the principal fatty acid of the liver and plasma cholesteryl esters from rabbits on augmented diets. This was particularly true in animals receiving tallow and cholesterol supplementation. 4. 4. The fatty acid composition of the liver phospholipides was relatively uniform, whereas that of the plasma showed large increases in each fatty acid in the supplemented groups. The amounts of dienoic and tetraenoic acids were greatest in the plasma phospholipides of the tallow-cholesterol supplemented animals.
Cell cycle-dependent deposition of CENP-A requires the Dos1/2–Cdc20 complex

Centromeric histone CENP-A, a variant of canonical histone H3, plays a central role in proper chromosome segregation. Loading of CENP-A at centromeres is cell cycle-regulated: parental CENP-A is deposited at centromeres during S phase, whereas newly synthesized CENP-A is deposited during later stages of the cell cycle. The mechanisms involved in deposition of CENP-A at centromeres during S phase remain poorly understood. In fission yeast, loading of CENP-A during S phase is regulated by the GATA-type factor, Ams2. Here we show that the Dos1/2-Cdc20 complex, previously characterized as a silencing complex essential for inheritance of H3K9 methylation during S phase, is also required for localization of CENP-Acnp1 at centromeres at this stage. Disruption of Dos1 (also known as Raf1/Clr8/Cmc1), Dos2 (also known as Raf2/Clr7/Cmc2), or Cdc20, a DNA polymerase epsilon subunit, results in dissociation of CENP-A from centromeres and mislocalization of the protein to noncentromeric sites. All three mutants display spindle disorganization and mitotic defects. Inactivation of Dos1 or Cdc20 also results in accumulation of noncoding RNA transcripts from centromeric cores, a feature common to mutants affecting kinetochore integrity. We further find that Dos1 physically associates with Ams2 and is required for the association of Ams2 with centromeric cores during S phase. Finally, we show that Dos2 associates with centromeric cores during S phase and that its recruitment to centromeric cores depends on Cdc20. This study identifies a physical link between DNA replication and CENP-A assembly machinery and provides mechanistic insight into how CENP-A is faithfully inherited during S phase.
FAMILY STRUCTURES OF ASSAULTIVE ADOLESCENTS

This study compared 17 assaultive adolescents and 12 nonassaultive adolescents on a measure of family structure which assesses the family's perceptions of the authority hierarchy and the amount of closeness and distance between family members. The results demonstrated that the experimental group significantly more often perceived the presence of a reversal in the generational hierarchy of authority. The authors discuss the meaning of these results as they relate to violent teenagers and their family interactions.
Consumers as mental health providers: first-person accounts of benefits and limitations.

Community support programs are increasingly establishing paid service positions designated exclusively for consumers. Project WINS (Work Incentives and Needs Study), a hybrid case management-vocational program for individuals with severe mental illness, used consumers as peer support specialists (PSSs) to supplement professional roles. Semistructured interviews were conducted with PSSs about 12 months after their employment ended. They identified substantial personal benefits specific to consumer-designated roles (e.g., a "safe" employment setting with accommodations) and general benefits from employment. Problems described were just as numerous, encompassing attitudes toward assigned peers and costs to their own well-being. Critical commentary addressed program operations (structure, supervision, and training needs) and problems in the mental health system. The authors discuss the changed sense of self that service provider roles can create for consumers and suggest that mental health administrators provide anticipatory socialization for this service innovation throughout their agencies and ongoing supports for consumers in their new roles.
Evaluation of Triploid Oysters as a Tool to assess Short- and Long-term Seafood Contamination of Oil Spill-impacted Areas

ABSTRACT The objective of this field and laboratory study was to evaluate the use of triploid Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, as a bioindicator of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in oil spill-impacted areas. Bivalve mollusks have shown to be valuable tools for assessing the short-term (weeks to months) bioavailability and impact of hydrophobic contaminants following oil and chemical spills. Approximately 1-year after the initial Deepwater Horizon spill, PAH concentrations were measured in sediment and caged oysters at sites within the Northern Barataria Bay. Two (2) seven-week large-scale mesocosm studies were conducted with diploid and triploid oysters to assess the effects of multiple whole South Louisiana crude (SLC) oil concentrations and seasonal water temperature variation on the PAH bioaccumulation and depuration rates within the test populations. Tissue analyses from the mesocosm study showed that PAH concentrations were generally higher and less variable in triploids ...
The synthesis of the monomethyl isomers of benzo[b]naphth[2,1‐d]thiophene

All isomers of the monomethylbenzo[b]naphth[2,1-d]thiophenes were synthesized using photocyclization of 3-styrylbenzo[b]thiophenes. The 1-, 3-, 4-, and 5-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophenes were synthesized by irradiation of the corresponding methylated 3-styrylbenzo[b]thiophenes which were prepared by the Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of diethyl benzo[b]thenylphosphonate with o-, m-, p-tolualdehyde and acetophenone. The 7-, 8-, 9- and 10-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophenes were synthesized by decarboxylation of 7-, 8-, 9- and 10-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene-6-carboxylic acid with copper in quinoline. These carboxylic acids were prepared by photocyclization of the corresponding 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-3-phenylpropenoic acids which were prepared by the condensation of the methylated benzo[b]thiophene-3-ylacetic acids with benzaldehyde in the presence of triethylamine in acetic anhydride.
Relay MAC: A Collision Free And Power Efficient Reading Protocol For Active RFID Tags

A promising application for RFID tags is to trace valuable assets in an inventory. In such systems, the key challenge is to achieve reliable and energy-efficient tag reads. This paper proposes a novel tag reading protocol, Relay-MAC, which aims at reducing the information sent over the network and the energy spent in collision detection and handling by introducing deliberate sequencing at runtime. This paper provides an in-depth study of the design issues one may face in implementing such a protocol on RFID tags, and validates its feasibility using simulation studies. These studies clearly demonstrate that Relay- MAC can yield much better throughput and energy conservation when compared to a conventional select-and-read protocol.
Influences of Thinning, Chipping, and Fire on Understory Vegetation in a Sierran Mixed Conifer Stand

Thinning implemented with a cut-to-length harvesting system coupled with on-site slash chipping and redistribution and followed by prescribed underburning were assessed for their impacts on a shrub understory in an uneven-aged Sierra Nevada mixed conifer stand. Overstory species consisted of California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.), incense-cedar (Libocedrus decurrens Torr.), and red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.), while huckleberry oak (Quercus vacciniifolia Kellogg) was predominant among 10 understory shrubs. Herbaceous species were entirely absent from the site for the 4-yr duration of the study. The mechanized treatments exerted minimal detriment effects on overall understory cover and weight, and for prostrate ceanothus (Ceanothus prostratus Benth.) and creeping snowberry (Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.)—two of the lesser shrubs—were stimulatory. In contrast, losses to the total understory from th...
Shifts in surgical revascularization and valve procedures among Medicare beneficiaries.

Background The rapid development of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has reduced the demand for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We examined whether the previously documented declining demand for CABG and expanding PCI use are associated with changes in performance of valve (aortic or mitral) replacement or repair surgery. Methods We used Medicare Part A administrative data to identify beneficiaries who received PCI, CABG, valve procedures between 1991 and 2005. We used multivariable models to investigate the relationship between CABG and PCI rates and rates of aortic and mitral valve surgery at the hospital referral region level while adjusting for demand and supply factors including heart disease rates. Results Hospital referral region level rates of valve replacement and repair increased by 0.36 and 0.17 per 1000. A 1 per 1000 change in the isolated CABG rates was positively associated with a 0.0255 and 0.0013 per 1000 change in the concomitant (simultaneous CABG) valve replacement and repair rates. A 1 per 1000 change in the PCI rate was positively associated with 0.0105 and a 0.0051 per 1000 change in the concomitant valve replacement and repair rate. A 1 per 1000 change in the isolated CABG rates was positively associated with a 0.0151 per thousand isolated valve replacement and negatively associated with a 0.0013 per 1000 repair rate. A 1 per 1000 change in the PCI rate was positively associated with a 0.0081 and a 0.0031 per 1000 change in the isolated valve replacement and repair rate. Conclusions A modest portion of the change in valve replacement and repair use over the period is associated with shifts in revascularization. Future study needs to consider the effects of these trends on patient outcomes and resource use.
General criteria for curriculum analysis

(1975). General criteria for curriculum analysis. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 247-251.
Testing for Validity and Reliability in Cross‐Cultural Research

A set of procedures is offered for assessing interraler reliability and certain aspects of validity of codes in cross-cultural studies. The method assumes that at least two independent raters have coded more than one trait. Each trait coded by one rater is correlated with each trait coded by a second, and all the codings by a single rater are intercorrelated with each other. The results are presented in a multitrait-multi-rater matrix. From this matrix it is possible to determine the interrater reliability and discriminant validity of trails in addition to a higher order concept based on pairs of traits.
Brand names and barriers to entry in political markets

The most obvious implication of this discussion is that barriers to entry in politics will raise the costs of governments transferring wealth. More generally, it will raise the cost of public provision of goods and services. In the case of transfers, the inefficiency created by barriers depends on whether one values government transfers. The total transfer — the transfer to the beneficiaries plus the politician's commission — is maximized by the politician who can create support the most efficiently. For other governmental services, which are viewed as efficiency creating (e.g., national defense), these barriers reduce the amount of a valuable output we desire to purchase. This result also supplies a possible efficiency explanation for the limitation on the number of terms imposed on the presidency and many governorships. Brand names are not really the barriers; information costs are what cause brand name to be used and are the more fundamental barrier to entry. What we are arguing is that private and not public organizations can in certain respects better overcome these information costs.