cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure of premixed turbulent flames in the thin-reaction-zones regime

In practical combustors, the structure of a turbulent premixed flame has many facets due to the widely varying turbulence-chemistry interactions that can occur. Premixed combustion in the flamelet, the corrugated flamelet, and the distributed reaction (recently called the thin reaction zones) regimes can coexist within the same device. Models using large-eddy simulation (LES) methodology to simulate premixed combustion in practical systems must therefore, be able to predict these space- and time-varying flame structure and propagation characteristics without requiring ad hoc changes. Here, the linear-eddy model (LEM), developed earlier for the flamelet regime, is used without any modifications to simulate premixed flames over the entire parameter space. A 15-step, 19-species, methane-air mechanism has been used in the in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) procedure to investigate premixed flame structure from the flamelet to the thin-reaction-zones regime. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with experimental observations show that the LEM is capable of accurately capturing the flame structure in both flamelet and thin-reaction-zones regimes. These simulations confirm that in the thin-reaction-zones regime the preheat zone thickness increases with increase in the Karlovitz number, Ka . However, the reaction zone remains very thin and of the order of the laminar flame thickness. These results, along with earlier studies of LEM in non-premixed and flamelet premixed combustion, confirm the viability of LEM as a practical combustion subgrid model for use in reacting LES.
Capital structure norms among foreign subsidiaries of U.S. multinational enterprises

Abstract Although a number of studies have examined the topic of international capital structure, the literature has generally provided mixed-results regarding the determinants of capital structure. This study adopts a unique approach to this topic by collecting and analyzing primary data on the capital structure decisions made by 158 foreign subsidiaries of U.S.-based multinational enterprises. An examination is conducted on the effects of four factors that may influence the foreign subsidiary manager's capital structure decision: firm size, industry, parent company, and host country characteristics. The results indicate that the foreign subsidiary's capital structure is influenced by host country and parent company capital structure. Neither industry classification nor firm size has a significant influence on the foreign subsidiary's capital structure.
A KERNEL BASED APPROACH TO STRUCTURED NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION PART II: CONVERGENCE AND CONSISTENCY

Abstract In (Hsu et al. , 2005c), an algorithm for the identification of structured nonlinear systems was proposed and its computational properties were explored. In this paper, we continue the investigation and formalize notions of identifiability and persistence of excitation. Conditions under which the estimated nonlinearity converges uniformly to the true nonlinearity are developed for a class of kernel based dispersion functions.
Identifying Streetscape Features Significant to Well-Being

To determine effective relationships between the built environment and health and well-being, a transdisciplinary team of architectural, behavioral and health scientists developed a built environment coding system (UMBECS). They examined the relationship of resulting streetscape features to health and well-being at the block level. The research team conducted studies of the validity of UMBECS focusing on children through school conduct and grades, and on elders through a longitudinal cognitive functioning study. For children, contrary to popularly held views, commercial-residential mix was as effective as a high proportion of residential use in predicting children's school outcomes (i.e., better conduct, achievement, effort, and grades). For elders, modest but statistically significant relationships existed between block-level features, elders' neighboring behaviors, and social support, which in turn were significantly associated with cognitive and affective functioning. These findings suggest the utility of this built environment coding system for examining the relationship of built environment features to residents' health and well-being. UMBECS offers a useful tool for developing a viable transdisciplinary model of the role of the built environment in behavioral and health outcomes.
Continuous electrospinning of polymer nanofibers of Nylon-6 using an atomic force microscope tip

An atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe is successfully utilized as an electrospinning tip for fabricating Nylon-6 nanofibers. The nanometre-size tip enabled controlled deposition of uniform polymeric nanofibers within a 1 cm diameter area. Nylon-6 nanofibers were continuously electrospun at a solution concentration as low as 1 wt% Nylon-6 in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results of the AFM electrospun fibers indicated that the nanofibers predominantly display the meta-stable γ crystalline form suggesting rapid crystallization rate during the process. In addition to precise control over fiber deposition and diameter, some of the drawbacks of conventional electrospinning such as large volume of solutions and clogging of needles can be overcome using this AFM based electrospinning technique. Lastly, a comparison of electrospun fibers from syringe-needle based electrospinning and AFM probe-tip based electrospinning indicated significant morphological and microstructural differences in the case of AFM based electrospinning.
Stable carbon and oxygen isotope shifts in Permian seas of West Spitsbergen-Global change or diagenetic artifact?

We performed petrographic, cathodoluminescence, electron-microprobe, and isotopic analyses of brachiopod shells from the Permian Kapp Starostin Formation in West Spitsbergen to reevaluate the >9‰ negative shift in δ13C and δ18O values reported in 1989 by M. Gruszczynski, S. Halas, A. Hoffman, and K. Malkowski. The δ13C and δ18O values within shells typically decrease with increasing luminescence, indicating diagenesis. Nonluminescent (NL) shell δ13C and δ18O values are 4.3‰ and 6.2‰ higher, respectively, than those of associated cements and matrix. For the same stratigraphic interval, δ13C and δ18O values of the NL shells are equal to, or substantially greater than, those reported by Gruszczynski et al. For the interval where those authors saw a 10‰ δ13C shift, our mostly NL Spiriferella polaris shells only yield a 1.5‰ shift. Gruszczynski et al. reported a 9‰ δ18O shift, whereas we observe almost none. Our results strongly suggest that the >9‰ isotopic shifts reported in Gruszczynski et al. are diagenetic artifacts. On the other hand, their Kazanian-Tatarian δ13C maximum of 7.5‰ is substantiated by our data. This Late Permian 13C maximum represents the highest spiriferid brachiopod δ13C values in the Phanerozoic and, within stratigraphic uncertainty, correlates with the whole-rock δ13C maximum in East Greenland and northwestern Europe. The δ13C shift may reflect changes in global storage of organic carbon indicated by coal-volume changes in the Late Permian.
Suicide prevention around the clock.

Community concern with emotional crises is stimulating the development of both practical measures, such as psychiatric emergency centers and suicide prevention centers, and theoretical concepts of crisis. Experiences and results of the Suicide Prevention Center of Los Angeles in extension of its services around the clock are presented, especially in meeting problems of need for increased staff and resources for disposition of callers.
Nanometer-period gratings in hydrogen silsesquioxane fabricated by electron beam lithography

Hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is a high-resolution negative-tone inorganic resist for electron beam lithography. Investigations on the smoothness of the surfaces of thin films (less than 100 nm thick) have been conducted for nanolithography applications. It is demonstrated that films at thicknesses down to 25 nm have very low rms roughness and are defect free. Using 50 kV electron beam lithography, we demonstrate the achievement of isolated 6-nm-wide lines and 27 nm period gratings in 30 nm HSQ films on silicon substrates. These results are superior to those achieved with poly(methylmethacrylate) resist and demonstrates the versatility of HSQ for nanolithography.
Length of standard presentation and constant error in kinesthetically monitored reproduction of force.

Stcmmary.-This study investigated the effect of the Length of time (2, 6, or 10 sec.) the reference standard was held on the amount of constant error for kinesthetically monitored force-reproduction. 30 Ss performed 4 trials under each condition. Results indicated that a significant effect for trials occurred for the 4 trials, resulting in decreasing constant error. Since most of the decrease occurred over the first 2 trials, a separate analysis was made for the last 2 trials. Variance analysis indicated for the last 2 trials a significant conditions effect of increasing constant error with increasing time the standard was held.
THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-PREFERENCE PROBLEMS ON THE COMPLETION OF NONPREFERRED MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS

Failure to initiate and remain engaged in academic tasks can have long-lasting effects for students. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-preference sequences on both digits correct per minute and latency to initiate nonpreferred mathematics problems for 3 students with emotional and behavioral disorders. We found that high-preference sequences had negligible positive effects on rate of problem completion but had larger effects on problem initiation. This study replicates and extends prior work on the effects of high-preference sequences on mathematics problem initiation and completion.
Animal studies of effect of chronic exercise on the heart and atherosclerosis: A review

Abstract Animal studies add considerable data to our knowledge of the effects of chronic exercise on the heart. They demonstrate that there are morphological and metabolic changes that make the cardiovascular system better able to withstand any stress, possibly even that imposed by atherosclerosis. These favorable adaptations are more marked in young animals than in older animals. However, the data regarding a beneficial effect of chronic exercise on the atherosclerotic process or on serum cholesterol levels are only suggestive and better studies are required to confirm this effect. Thus, the therapeutic and preventive use of exercise is supported by the animal studies but these efforts should be adjunctive to modification of the risk factors that have a well-demonstrated influence on the atherosclerotic process. 65–67
Multivariate Analysis of Degree Persistence of Undergraduate Music Education Majors

Two hundred one freshmen and transfer students entering the school of music at a major Southeastern state university in the fall terms of 1978 and 1979 and declaring music education as a major served in the study. Data were calculated at the end of the fall term 1981 and included enrollment status, college grade point average (GPA), high school GPA, jury grade at the end of one year of applied study on the principal instrument, score on Aliferis-Stecklein Music Achievement Test, evaluation of a verbal report concerning desire to become a music educator, levels of teaching competence in the first semester of study evaluated by videotaped analysis, and extent of participation in music organizations grouped by type of ensemble. Four stepwise multiple regression analyses grouped according to subjects' year of entry and class revealed college GPA to be consistently ranked as the highest simple correlation across all groups.
Teacher preparation for bilingual student populations: educar para transformar

Equality in educational opportunity is a frequently mentioned concern for educational research and practice (e.g. Schmidt, Cogan, and Mcknight 2011). One major challenge is the oft-reported achieve...
CML24, regulated in expression by diverse stimuli, encodes a potential Ca2+ sensor that functions in responses to abscisic acid, daylength, and ion stress.

Changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels serve to signal responses to diverse stimuli. Ca2+ signals are likely perceived through proteins that bind Ca2+, undergo conformation changes following Ca2+ binding, and interact with target proteins. The 50-member calmodulin-like (CML) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) family encodes proteins containing the predicted Ca2+-binding EF-hand motif. The functions of virtually all these proteins are unknown. CML24, also known as TCH2, shares over 40% amino acid sequence identity with calmodulin, has four EF hands, and undergoes Ca2+-dependent changes in hydrophobic interaction chromatography and migration rate through denaturing gel electrophoresis, indicating that CML24 binds Ca2+ and, as a consequence, undergoes conformational changes. CML24 expression occurs in all major organs, and transcript levels are increased from 2- to 15-fold in plants subjected to touch, darkness, heat, cold, hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid. However, CML24 protein accumulation changes were not detectable. The putative CML24 regulatory region confers reporter expression at sites of predicted mechanical stress; in regions undergoing growth; in vascular tissues and various floral organs; and in stomata, trichomes, and hydathodes. CML24-underexpressing transgenics are resistant to ABA inhibition of germination and seedling growth, are defective in long-day induction of flowering, and have enhanced tolerance to CoCl2, molybdic acid, ZnSO4, and MgCl2. MgCl2 tolerance is not due to reduced uptake or to elevated Ca2+ accumulation. Together, these data present evidence that CML24, a gene expressed in diverse organs and responsive to diverse stimuli, encodes a potential Ca2+ sensor that may function to enable responses to ABA, daylength, and presence of various salts.
Terminal homing performance of semiactive missiles against multitarget raids

The effects of low altitude multitarget raids against surface ships with command midcourse/semiactive rf terminal homing defensive missiles are investigated in terms of terminal homing miss distance. The scenario presently considered is that several defensive missiles are fired with each assigned a target to engage. A missile must engage its designated target for a successful intercept, and the miss distance is measured relative to the designated target. Raid geometry and the approach angle of the interceptor relative to the raid scintillation axis were found to be important parameters in determining miss distance. The stream raid and the closely spaced stacked raid had resolution ranges so short as to be practically unresolvable. Reasonable variations in the heading and seeker pointing errors had little effect on terminal miss distance for these unresolvable scenarios. For larger stacked raid separations, which are just resolved at handover, the handover errors can cause a loss of resolution and poor homing performance. Thus, a highly accurate handover is of use only for a band of separation spacings for the stacked raid and has little benefit against the stream raid. A method to counter the stream raid is to control the missile handover aspect angle through midcourse trajectory shaping so as to approach antiparallel to the raid velocity. For stacked raids, minimizing the handover range while using the midcourse guidance to bias the handover heading error allows more tightly spaced raids to be successfully engaged.
Immunochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in oxidized hepatocytes

We report here the development of an immunochemical procedure that uses an antibody specific to the 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) moiety for the detection of HNE-protein adducts. The HNE-specific antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with a HNE-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate and purifying the rabbit serum on an affinity gel prepared by covalent attachment of a HNE-conjugated heptapeptide. When various preparations of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase containing 0-7.0 equivalent of HNE-histidine residues per subunit were obtained by incubating samples of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with increased amounts of HNE and subjected to immunoblotting with the HNE-specific antibody, the intensities of the blots were directly proportional to the number of HNE-histidine adducts as measured directly by amino acid analysis. Binding of the HNE-conjugated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to the HNE-specific antibody could be completely inhibited by HNE-N-acetylhistidine, HNE-N-acetyllysine, or HNE-glutathione, suggesting that the antigenic determinant recognized by the antibody is the HNE moiety, not the HNE-amino acid conjugates, such as HNE-histidine, HNE-lysine, and HNE-cysteine. The utility of the HNE-specific antibody was demonstrated by its ability to react selectively with a number of HNE-protein adducts in immunoblot analyses of crude homogenates of rat liver hepatocytes that had been exposed to HNE or oxidative stresses with tert-butylhydroperoxide or metal-ion-catalyzed oxidation systems.
Heuristics for ordering of production rules

In real time expert systems, the primary requirement is that the time taken in deciding a rule must be as small as possible. In this paper, we define the complexity of inference in terms of the number of conditions tested during the inference process. We present heuristics to arrange rules in an existing knowledge base (KB) to minimize this complexity. We also present heuristics to generate the rules automatically from learning system to minimize the complexity.
Mortality From Pulmonary Embolism in the United States: 1962 to 1984

To examine the effect of advances in the prevention of and therapy for PE, we reviewed mortality for PE in the United States from 1962 to 1984. Age-adjusted PE mortality increased by 67 to 100 percent between 1962 and 1974 for white and non-white men and women. From 1975 to 1984, these rates declined by 20 to 28 percent. Non-white PE mortality was greater than white PE mortality; men had a greater risk of PE death than women. Age-specific patterns (more than 40 years of age) of PE mortality followed those of the age-adjusted death rates, with increases noted in all groups between 1962 and 1974 and declines during the 1975–1984 period. These patterns might reflect improved ascertainment of cases and better prevention of disease. The magnitude of the rates suggests that the list of indications for prophylactic anticoagulation should be reexamined for possible expansion.
Orientation of intermediate nucleotide states of indane dione spin-labeled myosin heads in muscle fibers

We have used electron paramagnetic resonance to study the orientation of myosin heads in the presence of nucleotides and nucleotide analogs, to induce equilibrium states that mimic intermediates in the actomyosin ATPase cycle. We obtained electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of an indane dione spin label (InVSL) bound to Cys 707 (SH1) of the myosin head, in skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers. This probe is rigidly immobilized on the catalytic domain of the head, and the principal axis of the probe is aligned nearly parallel to the fiber axis in rigor (no nucleotide), making it directly sensitive to axial rotation of the head. On ADP addition, all of the heads remained strongly bound to actin, but the spectral hyperfine splitting increased by 0.55 +/- 0.02 G, corresponding to a small but significant axial rotation of 7 degrees. Adenosine 5'-(adenylylim-idodiphosphate) (AMPPNP) or pyrophosphate reduced the actomyosin affinity and introduced a highly disordered population of heads similar to that observed in relaxation. For the remaining oriented population, pyrophosphate induced no significant change relative to rigor, but AMPPNP induced a slight but probably significant rotation (2.2 degrees +/- 1.6 degrees), in the direction opposite that induced by ADP. Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S) relaxed the muscle fiber, completely dissociated the heads from actin, and produced disorder similar to that in relaxation by ATP. ATP gamma S plus Ca induced a weak-binding state with most of the actin-bound heads disordered. Vanadate had negligible effect in the presence of ADP, but in isometric contraction vanadate substantially reduced both force and the fraction of oriented heads. These results are consistent with a model in which myosin heads are disordered early in the power stroke (weak-binding states) and rigidly oriented later in the power stroke (strong-binding states), whereas transitions among the strong-binding states induce only slight changes in the axial orientation of the catalytic domain.
The Next Step for APCS: Organizing Social Action Task Forces

Academic organizations, including APCS, run the risk of functioning as little more than sources of recognition for their members. APCS members need to beware of this narcissistic trap and take steps to assure that the knowledge we construct and disseminate contributes to the APCS mission of social change and transformation.
Peanut stunt virus-associated RNA 5: second tripartite genome virus with an associated satellite-like replicating RNA.

Abstract A low molecular weight fifth RNA component was found in a 1976 peanut stunt virus (PSV) isolate from Virginia. This PSV-associated RNA 5 (PARNA 5) occurred both in tobacco and cowpea infections with the 1976 PSV, but not with a very similar 1974 PSV isolate from Virginia. PARNA 5, isolated and purified from the 1976 PSV infections in tobacco, by itself caused no infection in tobacco. Neither PARNA 5 nor double-stranded (ds) PARNA 5 could be isolated from such plants. Production of PARNA 5 in tobacco was also supported by the 1974 PSV when PARNA 5 was present in the inoculum, except when it had first been irradiated with ultraviolet light. Host plants infected with PSV + PARNA 5 yielded the dsRNAs of all four PSV-RNAs as well as large quantities of dsPARNA 5. PARNA 5 was found to have a somewhat slower electrophoretic mobility than cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5 (CARNA 5), suggesting that PARNA 5 was a slightly larger molecule than CARNA 5. In competition hybridization experiments, neither CARNA 5 nor 1974 PSV-RNA competed to any extent with PARNA 5 for duplex formation with (−) strands of dsPARNA 5. This confirmed that CARNA 5 and PARNA 5 are different molecules and demonstrated that PARNA 5 has a satellite-like relationship with PSV rather than being a defective RNA.
Versatile photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy at infrared excitation.

A new type of photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy, which is based on photon upconverting nanoparticles, is reported. These photosensitizers are excitable with infrared irradiation, which has several times larger tissue penetration depth than the currently available ones. They are brought close to the target cancer cells through antigen-antibody interaction with good specificity and versatility. The design is also flexible in that various photosensitive molecules can be potentially adopted into the design. Results from in vitro experiments demonstrate their promise of becoming the next generation photodynamic therapy drugs.
On the Kirkwood-Buff inversion procedure

A general approach is presented to express the Kirkwood–Buff integrals, the central component of the Kirkwood–Buff theory of solutions, in terms of thermodynamic properties of solution mixtures. A general expression valid for any number of components is provided in terms of matrix cofactors, while explicit expressions are given for three and four component mixtures. The corresponding symmetric ideal solution values are also presented for four and higher component mixtures.
Connecting a Thousand Points of Hatred 1

This article addresses a key debate within the terrorism literature—the relative importance of madrassahs for training terrorists. It argues that the two contending positions—madrassahs are not important for recruitment of terrorists and madrassahs are breeding grounds for terror are both overstated. Using a dataset constructed from Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) members, the author finds that JI-linked radical madrassah exposure is strongly associated with terrorist activity and is associated with more important roles on terrorist operations in Indonesia. The article argues that traditional scholarly theories and public debates on the importance of madrassahs are misguided because they only address top-down ideological indoctrination. The author's theory is that radical madrassahs provide a staging ground for both top-down recruitment and the creation of focal points that lead to tight knit social networks that radicalize members. In effect, they provide a “ready-made social network” for males, “give religious an...
Swine and experimental atherosclerosis.

Summary1) Addition of butter to the diet of swine caused a significant elevation in serum cholesterol levels. This did not occur in other animals fed isocaloric quantities of corn oil. The increase in cholesterol was limited to the high-density (alpha) lipoproteins. 2) Necropsy after 9 weeks of experimental diets revealed lesions somewhat resembling human atheromata in 50% of aortae. The same incidence was found in control animals on a conventional diet.
Compositional analysis and quantification of heparin and heparan sulfate by electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry.

A new method using a combination of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) was developed for the identification and quantitative analysis of eight heparan sulfate (HS)- and heparin-derived Δ-disaccharides obtained by enzymatic depolymerization. The compositional analysis of nonisomeric disaccharide constituents of heparin/HS was achieved from full-scan MS1 spectra using an internal standard and a calculated response factor for each disaccharide. Diagnostic product ions from MSn spectra of isomeric disaccharides were used for the quantitative analysis of the relative amounts of each of the isomers in mixtures. The protocol was validated using several quality control samples and showed satisfactory accuracy and precision. The analysis is rapid, accurate, and uses no purification or separation steps prior to analysis by MS, thus reducing sample consumption and analysis time of traditional methods. Using this quantitative analysis procedure, percentages of disacc...
Reference laboratory utilization management

This chapter describes the unique challenges of managing reference laboratory utilization. The nature of reference laboratory testing and how it differs from routine hospital clinical laboratory testing is discussed. The vast majority of reference laboratory testing is high complexity, low volume testing to support specialized care. In contrast the hospital clinical laboratory is most effective at performing rapid turn-around, routine, high volume testing. The implication of these differences with respect to identifying utilization issues and interventions to manage utilization is presented along with examples.
Synthesis of two glycolipid antigens of the causative agent of Lyme disease

Abstract As a prelude to development of a human vaccine against Lyme disease, the first chemical synthesis of glycolipid antigens of Borrelia burkholderi is reported. First, cholesteryl β- d -galactopyranoside was synthesized and was converted to partially protected congeners having the HO-6 group of the galactose moiety unprotected. Treatment of these intermediates with palmitic and oleic acid, respectively, under dehydrative conditions followed by removal of the protecting groups afforded cholesteryl 6- O -palmitoyl/oleoyl-β- d -galactopyranosides that were identical to the glycolipids isolated from B. burkholderi .
Brief report: learning via the electronic interactive whiteboard for two students with autism and a student with moderate intellectual disability.

The effects of a multicomponent intervention (a self-operated video modeling and self-monitoring delivered via an electronic interactive whiteboard (IWB) and a system of least prompts) on skill acquisition and interaction behavior of two students with autism and one student with moderate intellectual disability were examined using a multi-probe across students design. Students were taught to operate and view video modeling clips, perform a chain of novel tasks and self-monitor task performance using a SMART Board IWB. Results support the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in improving students’ skill acquisition. Results also highlight the use of this technology as a self-operated and interactive device rather than a traditional teacher-operated device to enhance students’ active participation in learning.
The Aspiring Superintendents’ Study Group: investigating a mentoring network for school leaders

The graying of the superintendency, a diminished talent pool, and lack of diversity have prompted American educators to develop innovative strategies that encourage, support and prepare school leaders for the superintendency. For instance, in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, the superintendents’ council, in affiliation with the regional school leadership center and a local university, developed an inclusive mentoring network called the Aspiring Superintendents’ Study Group. This collaborative structure was designed to tap promising leaders and promote their interest in becoming superintendents. As the coordinator of this study group I employed various qualitative data collection methods, including observation, open‐ended questionnaires and interviews, to gauge the effectiveness of the program. A detailed account of the participants’ perceptions emphasizes the need for such networks to expand the field of candidates and, in particular, increase access to the superintendency for women and minorities. I...
Dietary Fluoride and Oat Hull Effects on Enamel Solubility

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUALE EFFECTOS DE DIETARI FLUORURO E SCALIAS DE AVENA SUPER LE SOLUBILITATE DE PHOSPHORO ADAMANTIN.-Esseva obtenite evidentia experimental que indica que plure factores dietari altera le solubilitate de adamante in acido. Le experimentos esseva effectuate in rattos (Sigmodon hispidus e Rattus norwegica albin) e porcos de India. Fluoruro e scalias de avena resultava in un adamante plus resistente contra solubilitate acide. Basse concentrationes de magnesium e inadequate provisiones de acido ascorbic causava un augmento del solubilitate adamantin. Un adequate fortification dietari con iste duo factores provideva un grado considerabile de protection contra le augmentate solubilitate del adamante.
A review of the use of nursing diagnosis in U.S. nurse practice acts.

PURPOSE.To determine how many state nurse practice acts include the term or concept of “nursing diagnosis” and describe their similarities and differences. METHODS.Investigators independently divided the practice acts of the 50 states and the District of Columbia into those that did or did not include the term “nursing diagnosis” or the word “diagnosis” within a nursing context. To describe other differences, the investigators operationally defined and independently categorized each act as trendsetting, contemporary, or traditional. FINDINGS.Thirty-three of the 51 practice acts used the term “diagnosis” within nursing context. Of these 33, 13 were identified as trendsetters and 20 as contemporary. Seven trendsetting and 5 contemporary practice acts used the NANDA-based language or “response” when describing the “what” of nursing diagnosis. None of the trendsetting practice acts, but 8 of the contemporary acts, used the NANDA-based “individual, family or community” when describing the “who” of nursing diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS.The language of nursing is changing. The majority of practice acts now define the practice of professional nursing as including the diagnostic act, although the manner in which they use the term varies.
A 2′-Phosphotransferase Implicated in tRNA Splicing Is Essential in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The last step of tRNA splicing in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae is catalyzed by an NAD-dependent 2′-phosphotransferase, which transfers the splice junction 2′-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD to produce ADP-ribose 1"-2" cyclic phosphate. We have purified the phosphotransferase about 28,000-fold from yeast extracts and cloned its structural gene by reverse genetics. Expression of this gene (TPT1) in yeast or in Escherichia coli results in overproduction of 2′-phosphotransferase activity in extracts. Tpt1 protein is essential for vegetative growth in yeast, as demonstrated by gene disruption experiments. No obvious binding motifs are found within the protein. Several candidate homologs in other organisms are identified by searches of the data base, the strongest of which is inSchizosaccharomyces pombe.
A radical debulking of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata from a colonic obstruction : A case report and review of the literature

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare nonneoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle in women during their reproductive years of life. Originally described by Willson and Peale in 1952, Taubert and associates termed the clinical entity “leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata” 13 years later. Approximately 50 cases of LPD have been reported, with only three cases described to have undergone malignant transformation. The extent of peritoneal implantation and dissemination mimics a metastasizing disease process; pathologic investigations, however, demonstrate a benign condition. The majority of cases have been diagnosed in women taking oral contraceptives or during pregnancy. Most women present with vague symptoms of discomfort and occasional abnormal vaginal bleeding, usually not severe enough to warrant operative management. We are describing a case of LPD with an unusual clinical presentation, including signs of a bowel obstruction, that required radical surgical debulking.
Photoionization cross sections of positive ions.

Recent experiment on ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ is compared with measurements on neutral K to test the suggestion that inner-shell photoionization cross sections are largely unaffected by the removal of outer-shell electrons.
APEX disease gene resequencing: mutations in exon 7 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene.

Detection of mutations in disease genes will be a significant application of genomic research. Methods for detecting mutations at the single nucleotide level are required in highly mutated genes such as the tumor suppressor p53. Resequencing of an individual patient's DNA by conventional Sanger methods is impractical, calling for novel methods for sequence analysis. Toward this end, an arrayed primer extension (APEX) method for identifying sequence alterations in primary DNA structure was developed. A two-dimensional array of immobilized primers (DNA chip) was fabricated to scan p53 exon 7 by single bases. Primers were immobilized with 200 μm spacing on a glass support. Oligonucleotide templates of length 72 were used to study individual APEX resequencing reactions. A template-dependent DNA polymerase extension was performed on the chip using fluorescein-labeled dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs). Labeled primers were evanescently excited and the induced fluorescence was imaged by CCD. The average signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) observed was 30:1. Software was developed to analyze high-density DNA chips for sequence alterations. Deletion, insertion, and substitution mutations were detected. APEX can be used to scan for any mutation (up to two-base insertions) in a known region of DNA by fabricating a DNA chip comprising complementary primers addressing each nucleotide in the wild-type sequence. Since APEX is a parallel method for determining DNA sequence, the time required to assay a region is independent of its length. APEX has a high level of accuracy, is sequence-based, and can be miniaturized to analyze a large DNA region with minimal reagents.
Stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in myelin by muscarinic agonist and potassium

Abstract Slices of rat brainstem that had been prelabeled by in vivo injection of [ 3 H]inositol were stimulated with carbachol in the presence of lithium and changes measured in the radioactivity of inositol lipids and water-soluble inositol phosphates. For the latter, significant increases were seen for inositol mono- and bisphosphate but not inositol trisphosphate. Analysis of whole tisseu phosphoinositides revealed significantly reduced radioactivity in phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, whereas myelin showed decreases in those as well as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. These effects were blocked by atropine. Stimulation of the tissue slices with elevated K + resulted in increased formation of inositol phosphate and decreased radioactivity in phosphatidylinositol. The effect was not blocked by atropine and in the presence of this agent, which reduced background reaction, all 3 phosphoinositides showed significant K + -induced loss of label. Elevated K + and carbachol thus function through different mechanisms in this system. Carbachol is believed to affect myelin phosphoinositides through direct interaction with muscarinic receptors which were recently shown to be present in this membrane.
Predictors of complications after inguinal lymphadenectomy.

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of complications in patients undergoing inguinal lymphadenectomy (LND) in the treatment of vulvar carcinoma. Methods. Clinical information was abstracted from records of patients with invasive vulvar cancer. All patients underwent LND. Closed suction drains were placed in groin incisions and removed when output was less than 30 ml/24 h. Associations between variables were studied by χ 2 and t tests. Results. Sixty-seven patients undergoing 112 LND were evaluated. Eighty-eight percent of patients underwent radical vulvar surgery and LND while 12% underwent LND alone. Patients were treated with either unilateral (22) or bilateral (45) LND. Seventy-three percent received extended postoperative prophylactic antibiotics. The median duration of suction drainage was 15 days for one drain and 14 days for two drains. Early postoperative cellulitis ( 30 days after surgery) developed in 22.2%, late wound breakdown in 3.2%, late lymphedema in 29.5%, and late lymphocysts in 5%. Patients developing early cellulitis were more likely to have early wound breakdown ( P = P = 0.016, RR 7.6). Type of procedure, antibiotic use, need for adjuvant therapy, and duration of suction drainage did not influence early complications. Early complications and management strategies did not predict late complications. Conclusions. Chronic lymphedema occurs in nearly 30% of patients after LND. Late complications after LND were not predicted by early complications. New strategies for prevention of chronic lymphedema are needed.
Distortion of Nuclear Spectra by Final-State Coulomb Interactions

When charged-particle nuclear spectra are used to determine the location and width of an energy level in a nucleus with a moderately short lifetime for charged particle decay, corrections for final-state Coulomb interactions can sometimes be very important. The effect is illustrated by application to the 16.62- and 16.92-MeV levels in ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$ produced by the reaction ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}({\mathrm{Li}}^{6}, \ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$.
Vegetation control on soil organic matter dynamics

Soil organic matter (SOM) formation is one of the least understood steps of the global carbon cycle. An example is uncertainty around the role of plant communities in regulating SOM formation and turnover. Here we took advantage of the highly controlled conditions at the San Dimas lysimeter installation to quantify the influence of oak and pine vegetation on SOM dynamics. SOM turnover rates, estimated using total C and 14C content of litter and physically separable soil fractions, were faster under oak than under pine. In contrast to the rapid turnover for the oak litter (<2 years), the delay in litter incorporation into the mineral soil under pine was a controlling factor of SOM fluxes.
The transition of late preterm

Background The transition from the intrato the extra-uterine life is characterized by major physiological changes in respiratory and hemodynamic functions [1]; moreover, the intrauterine thermostability has to been replaced by the neonatal termoregulation [2]. Many of the antepartum and intrapartum risk factors associated with the need of resuscitation may be present in late-preterm neonates (34-36 weeks) [3]. It is also reported a double risk of Caesarean Section (CS) in case of late-preterm compared to term deliveries [4]. Our objective was to evaluate the transition period in late-preterm infants in particular considering the need for resuscitation and the incidence of hypothermia.
A two-dimensional slotted array

A two-dimensional slotted array of which the radiating surface is one face of a parallel-plate region is discussed, This configuration differs from others previously reported in that a higher mode is utilized in the parallel-plate region. The array is equivalent thereby to a number of slotted waveguides parallel to each other. The stability of the desired mode requires that the array amplitude be uniform laterally; however, it may have an arbitrary taper longitudinally. The radiation field of the array is discussed with particular regard to the generation of second-order beams. The performance of several such arrays is described.
Efficiently Coupling Light to Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors

We designed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with silver optical antennae for free-space coupling and a dielectric waveguide for fiber coupling. According to our finite-element simulation, (1) for the free-space coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TM-polarized photons at the wavelength of 1550 nm can be as high as 96% by adding silver optical antennae; (2) for the fiber coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TE-like-polarized photons can reach 76% including coupling efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm by adding a silicon nitride waveguide and an inverse-taper coupler.
Still searching for the elusive Scarlet Pimpernel of today.

This editorial refers to ‘The impact of prosthesis–patient mismatch on long-term survival after aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 observational studies comprising 27 186 patients with 133 141 patient-years†, by S.T. Head et al. , on page 1518 Since the first description of valve prosthesis–patient mismatch (VP-PM) in 1978,1 the problem has been addressed in a large number of studies that have evaluated its effect on patient outcomes. Data regarding the reduction of long-term survival in those with VP-PM have been conflicting. To resolve this conflict, using pooled estimates, Head et al. have provided a systematic review of 34 selected studies assessing the impact of VP-PM after aortic valve replacement (AVR).2 In these 34 studies, 44.2% of the patients had severe or moderate VP-PM which was associated with an increased incidence of all-cause mortality that was statistically significant; however, the incidence of VP-PM associated with cardiac-related mortality was not statistically significant. In seven of these 34 studies, when both moderate and severe VP-PM were analysed …
The range of indirect exchange interaction in an amorphous magnet

Abstract The Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction in an amorphous magnet is analyzed by the use of Edward's liquid metal theory. It is shown that the range of the interaction is limited to an electronic mean free path.
Fisheries buybacks: a review and guidelines

Buybacks of fishing vessels, licences, access and other rights, and gear, sometimes called decommissioning schemes, have traditionally been a key policy tool to address overcapacity, overexploitation of fish stocks, and distributional issues in fisheries. Two more issues can be added, sustainable use of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity (i.e. ecological public goods and services) and providing a transition to a more rationalized fishery. This study discusses reasons for buybacks; examines consequences; considers asymmetric information, design of buyback auctions and other design issues; buybacks as a transition to a rationalized industry with strong property rights and governance, financing and transnational fisheries; draws out key lessons from the international experience; and provides an overall evaluation.
An overview of active matrix LCDs in business and technology

The rapid expansion of AMLCD business has been based on the growing personal computer market. AMLCDs are primarily expected to be the advantageous replacement of the cathode-ray tube (CRT) which has been offering picturesqueness and high content information at affordable prices, corresponding with the developments of communication technologies like high definition TV (HDTV). From this prospect, the displays with AMLCDs would have to be improved with respect to brightness, viewing angle, image quality, color rendition, larger screens, low power consumption and low cost. The author presents an overview of the business market for AMLCDs and discusses emerging technologies which affect the successful developments of the AMLCDs. The topics discussed include the developments of polysilicon TFTs, and the use of LCDs in personal digital assistants, vehicle information and communications systems and LC-TVs.
Representations of Art and Arts of Representation

The Traffic in Culture: Refiguring Art and Anthropology. George E. Marcus and Fred R. Myers. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. 380 pp. The Death of Authentic Primitive Art and Other Tales of Progress. Shelly Errington. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 309 pp.
Map the Meal Gap: Exploring Food Insecurity at the Local Level

The burgeoning food insecurity literature in the United States has pro- vided a portrait of the causes and consequences of food insecurity. One underex- plored aspect is the spatial diversity in food insecurity across the United States. In response, Feeding America has been releasing annual county-level food insecurity estimates since 2010. In this article, we describe the methods underlying these esti- mates, followed by answers to the following: What are the state-level determinants of food insecurity? What is the distribution of food insecurity across counties in the United States? How do the county-level food insecurity estimates generated in Map the Meal Gap compare with other sources?
Technological Progress and Biodiversity Conservation: a Dollar Spent, a Dollar Burned

synthesis of these two trends is economic growth, an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services. The economic growth occurring within a nation’s borders is typically guaged by gross domestic product (GDP). For the world, we may refer to the size of the human economy as gross global product (GGP). Pursuant to the ecological principle of competitive exclusion, resource consumption by any species increases only at the expense of other species. The scope of competitive exclusion is determined by the breadth of the species’ niche. Due to the tremendous breadth of the human niche, the scale of the human economy ( GGP ) expands at the competitive exclusion of nonhuman species in the aggregate. Growth in GGP occurs via the reallocation of natural capital (water, forests, minerals, etc.) from the “economy of nature”—used here to refer to nonhuman species in the aggregate—to the human economy. This relationship is consistent with the few studies that have analyzed species endangerment explicitly in terms of economic scale and sectors (Czech et al. 2000; Naidoo & Adamowicz 2001 ). It suggests that national and international goals of economic growth and biodiversity conservation are conflicting. However, policymakers throughout the world have denied that this conflict exists, claiming instead that economic growth and biodiversity conservation may be reconciled via technological progress.