cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization and the Canonical Commutation Relations

Let \(\mathbf{W}_n(\mathbb {R})\) be the Weyl algebra of index n. We have shown that by using extension and localization, it is possible to construct homomorphisms of \(\mathbf{W}_n(\mathbb {R})\) onto its image in a localization, or a quotient thereof, of \({\mathfrak {U}}(\mathfrak {so}(2,q))\), the universal enveloping algebra of \(\mathfrak {so}(2,q)\), for n depending upon q [1]. Here we treat the \(\mathfrak {so}(2,1)\) case in complete detail. We establish an isomorphism of skew fields, specifically, \(\widetilde{\mathfrak {D}(\mathfrak {so}}(2,1))\simeq \mathfrak {D}_{(1,1)}(\mathbb {R})\) where \(\mathfrak {D}_{1,1}(\mathbb {R})\) is the fraction field of \(\mathbf{W}_{1.1}(\mathbb {R}) \simeq \mathbf{W}_1(\mathbb {R})\otimes \mathbb {R}(y)\) with \(\mathbb {R}(y)\) being the ring of polynomials in the indeterminate y and \(\widetilde{\mathfrak {D}(\mathfrak {so}}(2,1))\) is a certain extension of the skew field of fractions of \(\mathfrak {U}(\mathfrak {so}(2,1))\), which is described below. We give applications of this result to representations. In particular we are able to construct representations of \(\mathbf{W}_1(\mathbb {R})\) out of representations of \(\mathfrak {so}{(2,1)}\). Thus, we are able, for this lowest dimensional case, to obtain the canonical commutation relations and representations of them out of \(\mathfrak {so}(2,1)\) symmetry. Using similar results in higher dimensions [1] we are able to construct representations of \(\mathbf{W}_n(\mathbb {R})\) out of representations of \(\mathfrak {so}{(2,q)}\).
Daily variability of California coastal low cloudiness: A balancing act between stability and subsidence

We examine mechanisms driving daily variability of summer coastal low cloudiness (CLC) along the California coast. Daily CLC is derived from a satellite record from 1996 to 2014. Atmospheric rather than oceanic processes are mostly responsible for daily fluctuations in vertical stability that dictate short-period variation in CLC structure. Daily CLC anomalies are most strongly correlated to lower tropospheric stability anomalies to the north. The spatially offset nature of the cloud-stability relationship is a result of the balancing act that affects low cloudiness wherein subsidence drives increased stability, which promotes cloudiness, but too much subsidence limits cloudiness. Lay explanations claim that high inland temperatures “pull in” CLC, but such a process presumably would have the high temperatures directly inland. Rather, we find that the spatially offset associations between CLC and atmospheric circulation result in positive correlations between CLC and inland surface temperature anomalies to the north.
Tris(2-mercaptoimidazolyl)hydroborato Cadmium Thiolate Complexes, [TmBut]CdSAr: Thiolate Exchange at Cadmium in a Sulfur-Rich Coordination Environment.

A series of cadmium thiolate compounds that feature a sulfur-rich coordination environment, namely [TmBut]CdSAr, have been synthesized by the reactions of [TmBut]CdMe with ArSH (Ar = C6H4-4-F, C6H4-4-But, C6H4-4-OMe, and C6H4-3-OMe). In addition, the pyridine-2-thiolate and pyridine-2-selenolate derivatives, [TmBut]CdSPy and [TmBut]CdSePy have been obtained via the respective reactions of [TmBut]CdMe with pyridine-2-thione and pyridine-2-selone. The molecular structures of [TmBut]CdSAr and [TmBut]CdEPy (E = S or Se) have been determined by X-ray diffraction and demonstrate that, in each case, the [CdS4] motif is distorted tetrahedral and approaches a trigonal monopyramidal geometry in which the thiolate ligand adopts an equatorial position; [TmBut]CdSPy and [TmBut]CdSePy, however, exhibit an additional long-range interaction with the pyridyl nitrogen atoms. The ability of the thiolate ligands to participate in exchange was probed by 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies of the ...
The impact of long-standing metformin use on survival in breast cancer patients.

1569Background: The role of biguanide Metformin, a first-line oral hypoglycemic agent, as a cancer prevention agent has been controversial. In breast cancer (BC) patients, few cohort studies have c...
Predicting Clinical Outcomes Across Changing Electronic Health Record Systems

Existing machine learning methods typically assume consistency in how semantically equivalent information is encoded. However, the way information is recorded in databases differs across institutions and over time, often rendering potentially useful data obsolescent. To address this problem, we map database-specific representations of information to a shared set of semantic concepts, thus allowing models to be built from or transition across different databases. We demonstrate our method on machine learning models developed in a healthcare setting. In particular, we evaluate our method using two different intensive care unit (ICU) databases and on two clinically relevant tasks, in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay. For both outcomes, a feature representation mapping EHR-specific events to a shared set of clinical concepts yields better results than using EHR-specific events alone.
Characterizing Defects in a UiO-AZB Metal–Organic Framework

Exploring defect sites in metal–organic framework materials has quickly become an interesting topic of discussion in the literature. With reports of the enhancement of material properties with increasing defect sites, we were interested in probing the defect nature of UiO-AZB (UiO = University of Oslo, AZB = 4,4′-azobenzenedicarboxylate) nanoparticles. In this report, we investigate the use of acetic, formic, and benzoic acids as the modulators to prepare UiO-AZB. The results of 1H NMR techniques and BET surface area analysis elucidate the extent of defects in our samples and are provided along with detailed discussions of the observed experimental trends. Interestingly, formic acid samples resulted in the most defected structure, reaching 36%. Additionally, for benzoic acid samples, with a 33% defect level, a drastic reduction in the accessible SA from 2682 m2/g to as low as 903 m2/g was observed, as the concentration of benzoic acid was increased. This was attributed to the creation of macropores in the...
Kinematic analysis of the space available for cord and disc bulging of the thoracic spine using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging (kMRI).

Abstract Background Context The thoracic spine was previously known as a relatively stable region in human spine. Several studies reported that the motion of the thoracic spine and changes in the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord changed with positions in the sagittal plane. The kinematic relationship between the thoracic disc and the space available for cord (SAC) with the positional change is still not well investigated. Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the kinematic change of the intervertebral disc and space available for the spinal cord of the thoracic spine using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging (kMRI). Study Design This is a retrospective study. Patient Sample The patient sample included 105 patients who underwent thoracic spine kMRI. Outcome Measurement Disc bulging and the SAC were evaluated from T4–T5 to T11–T12 in flexion, neutral, and extension positions. Methods MRAnalyzer3 (TrueMRI Corporation, Bellflower, CA, USA) was used to analyze disc bulging and SAC from T4–T5 to T11–T12. The Friedman test was used to analyze the differences in disc bulging and SAC between neutral, flexion, and extension positions at each segment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for post hoc analysis for the significant levels from the Friedman test. Results The mean value of the thoracic intervertebral disc area from T4–T5 to T11–T12 tended to be larger in flexion than in extension. Initial analysis with the Friedman test revealed a significant difference in disc bulging at T8–T9, T9–T10, and T11–T12 among the three positions (p Conclusions The thoracic discs and the SAC from T4–T5 to T11–T12 showed kinematic changes from flexion to extension. The thoracic spinal canal tended to be narrowest in flexion and widest in the extension. Thus, kyphotic deformities could be one of the etiologies for neurogenic deterioration in patients with thoracic myelopathy.
Congruence property and Galois symmetry of modular categories

A modular tensor category (MTC) is a spherical non-degenerate braided fusion category. The representation category of a factorizable Hopf algebra is a typical example of MTC. Associated to a MTC is a natural projective representation of SL(2,Z), which can be lifted to an ordinary representation. It has been conjectured, in the context of rational conformal theory, that this representation factors through a finite modular group SL(2,Zn) for some positive integer n, and admits a Galois symmetry. In this talk, we will discuss this congruence property and Galois symmetry of the SL(2,Z)-representations associated with MTCs, and some arithmetic consequence of this result.
Energy and Carbon Intensities of Stored Solar Photovoltaic Energy

Abstract This chapter shows how storage affects the energy performance and carbon intensity of solar photovoltaic (PV) generated electricity paired with electrical energy storage technologies. These results show that it is more energetically favorable to store solar PV energy than it is to curtail electricity production. Electrochemically based storage technologies, while higher in energy density, result in lower (worse) energy return ratios than large-scale geologically based storage technologies such as compressed air energy storage and pumped hydroelectric storage. Carbon performance of all PV-storage pairings considered here is better than the average US power grid. The lowest carbon storage technologies are pumped hydro, vanadium redox, and lithium-ion. On an energetic basis, stored-PV electricity is more intensive than the average US power grid. Reducing embodied energy costs, increasing efficiency, and increasing depth of discharge will improve the energetic and carbon performance of batteries. On an energetic and carbon performance basis, solar PV energy paired with storage performs trades greatly reduced carbon intensity for increased energy intensity when compared with the US power grid average.
Personality from Top (Traits) to Bottom (Genetics) with Stops at each Level Between

The Alternative Five Factor model was developed from factor analyses of questionnaire scales believed to measure basic personality factors and it includes the following trait factors: Sociability, Neuroticism-Anxiety, Impulsive Unsocialized Sensation Seeking, Aggression-Hostility, and Activity. Associated with each trait are characteristic desired and avoided goals, typical generalized expectancies and affective traits. I review the various biological “levels” underlying the traits, including the psychophysiological, psychopharmacological, neurological, and genetic levels. Certain biological traits, such as the augumenting or reducing of the cortical evoked potential, gonadal hormones, and the enzyme monoamine oxidese (MAO), have shown relatively consistent relationships with personality traits like impulsive sensation seeking and sociability, although there is no simple isomorphism between single biological markers and traits. The experimental literature on the behavioral functions of brain monoamine systems in other species, and the findings of biological psychiatry suggest a model for the biological basis of personality.
Destejiendo el canon literario del cuento de hadas: metanarración y lesboerotismo en Cuentos y fábulas de Lola Van Guardia, de Isabel Franc

Este ensayo indaga en la aportacion peninsular a la renovacion del cuento de hadas literario en el siglo XXI y a su debate critico, a partir del analisis de la antologia lesbica Cuentos y Fabulas de Lola Van Guardia (2008), de Isabel Franc. Esta revision se presta a una interesante lectura metanarrativa sobre el potencial liberador de la reescritura y del (lesbo)erotismo femenino como armas para desestabilizar el orden patriarcal.
Abstract WP373: Assessment Of Traditional And Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Older Adults With And Without Metabolic Syndrome.

Background and Purpose: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that increase risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. However, whether additional nontraditional risk factors are associated with MetS in older adults is debatable. Therefore, in the current study we examined nontraditional risks factors and the MetS and its components in older adults at high risk for CVD. Methods: We measured the nontraditional CVD risk factors and MetS and its components in 75 independent living older adults (65-80 years). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Insulin sensitivity was calculated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and body mass index (BMI). We measured nontraditional risk factors, lipids and lipoproteins and inflammatory markers, as well as MetS and its components in each participant. Results: The mean age of our group was 71.9±5.0 years and BMI 26.7±4.9 kg/m2. We found 24% of our participants had MetS co...
Exploring Stakeholder Views on Disaster Resilience Practices of Residential Communities in South Florida

AbstractDisaster resilience is a shared responsibility among all stakeholders. There is sorely a need to engage multiple stakeholders in collaboratively creating and facilitating the disaster resil...
Some Equal Differences are More Equal than Others: An Analogical Magnitude Theory of Nominal Price and the Volatility of Returns

Among the most puzzling empirical anomalies in the finance literature is the increase in the volatility of returns observed following stock splits. The present research posits a two-part behavioral account of this phenomenon: first, people's judgments are influenced by nominal share prices; and second, people's sense of the magnitude of price differences is analogical rather than logical, inducing sensitivity to absolute - not just relative - differences in prices. The proposed theory is supported by evidence from both experiments and market data. Implications for price elasticity of demand, preferences, the endowment (disposition) effect, and hyperbolic discount rates are also discussed.
Three-wave interactions in magnetized warm-fluid plasmas: General theory with evaluable coupling coefficient.

Resonant three-wave coupling is an important mechanism via which waves interact in a nonlinear medium. When the medium is a magnetized warm-fluid plasma, a previously unknown formula for the coupling coefficients is derived by solving the fluid-Maxwell's equations to second order using multiscale perturbative expansions. The formula is not only general but also evaluable, whereby numerical values of the coupling coefficient can be determined for any three resonantly interacting waves propagating at arbitrary angles. To illustrate how the general formula can be applied, coupling coefficient governing laser scattering is evaluated as one example. In conditions relevant to magnetized inertial confinement fusion, Raman and Brillouin instabilities are replaced by scattering from magnetized plasma waves when lasers propagate at oblique angles. As another example, coupling coefficient between two Alfven waves via a sound wave is evaluated. In conditions relevant to solar corona, the decay of a parallel Alfven wave only slightly prefers exact backward geometry.
Dual role of cofilin in APP trafficking and amyloid-β clearance

The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a pivotal early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brain, neurons produce Aβ by the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) through the endocytic pathway, whereas microglia mediate Aβ clearance also via endocytic mechanisms. Previous studies have shown the critical importance of cofilin, a filamentous actin-severing protein, in actin dynamics and pathogen-triggered endocytic processes. Moreover, the binding of Aβ42 oligomers to β1-integrin triggers the cofilin activation, and in turn, cofilin promotes the internalization of surface β1-integrin. However, a role for cofilin in APP processing and Aβ metabolism has not been investigated. In this study, we found that knockdown of cofilin in Chinese hamster ovary 7WD10 cells and primary neurons significantly reduces Aβ production by increasing surface APP (sAPP) levels. Expression of active (S3A) but not inactive (S3E) cofilin reduces sAPP levels by enhancing APP endocytosis. Accordingly, Aβ deposition in APP and presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mice is significantly reduced by genetic reduction of cofilin (APP/PS1;cofilin+/-). However, the reduction of Aβ load in APP/PS1;cofilin+/- mice is paradoxically associated with significantly increased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1-positive microglial activation surrounding Aβ deposits. Primary microglia isolated from cofilin+/- mice demonstrate significantly enhanced state of activation and greater ability to uptake and clear Aβ42, which is reversed with the active (S3A) but not inactive (S3E) form of cofilin. These results taken together indicate a significant role for cofilin in Aβ accumulation via dual and opposing endocytic mechanisms of promoting Aβ production in neurons and inhibiting Aβ clearance in microglia.-Liu, T., Woo, J.-A. A., Yan, Y., LePochat, P., Bukhari, M. Z., Kang, D. E. Dual role of cofilin in APP trafficking and amyloid-β clearance.
An Electronically-Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) Using Microstrip-Line-Fed Cavity-Backed Slot Antennas in the E Plane

A three-element Electronically-Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) using a microstrip-line-fed cavity-backed slot in the E plane is presented in this paper. The driven element at the center is fed by an open-ended microstrip line and the two parasitic cavities lying in the E plane are fed by the center driven cavity through coupling irises. The microstrip line coupled to the parasitic cavity is terminated with varactors to provide variable load impedances. By properly designing the load impedance, continuous E-plane beam steering capability can be achieved. Compared to the ESPARs with boresight radiation, the proposed design is able to achieve a 27.2% impedance matching fractional bandwidth. Additionally, the tunable load can be integrated into the same layer as the microstrip line, which reduces the size of the ESPAR. It is shown that the proposed ESPAR can steer its beam from -30 to 30 degrees in the E plane. The return loss is maintained from 5.00 to 6.58 GHz for all scan angles.
Counselling Prior to Medically Assisted Reproduction

Patient counselling is an integral process that continues for the duration of an assisted reproductive technology (ART) or medically assisted reproduction (MAR) treatment cycle. It might be thought of as the “informed” component within informed consent to medical treatment, a legal and ethical imperative that requires that providers educate patients and obtain their consent prior to medical treatment. Informed consent is connected to the four moral principles of medical ethics: autonomy (respect for persons), beneficence (do good), nonmaleficence (doing no harm), and justice (being fair) (Beauchamp & Childress, Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press, 2001). This chapter will provide an overview of patient counselling in ART. It will first discuss how patient counselling and its broader corollary, informed consent, are ethical and legal mandates within medical treatment. It will then explain the unique dimensions of patient counselling with ART. Finally, it will explore possibilities for improving patient counselling in ART in the future.
Why Organized Crime Seeks New Criminal Markets

This chapter provides theoretical concepts and evidence to assess what organized crime does, how criminal markets are chosen, and what might be done to anticipate and respond to criminal groups expanding into new illicit markets. The criminal markets exploited by organized crime groups (OCGs) are of three types: (a) provision of illicit goods; (b) provision of illicit services; and (c) infiltration of businesses or government. Three kinds of opportunity factors shape this activity: push factors, pull factors, and problems with the rule of law. Clear parallels exist among various cases of organized crime, in which individuals and groups exploit their opportunities to profit from illicit activity. Indicators for network and market variables can be gathered for different illicit products, making it possible to assess the comparative risk of organized crime involvement for different types of products and illicit markets.
Campus Food Insecurity: Bringing Private Institutions into Conversations on Basic Needs

Research on college food insecurity has largely focused on community colleges and two- and four-year public institutions. Analyzing survey data collected at a small private university, we demonstra...
Senescent cells exacerbate chronic inflammation and contribute to periodontal disease progression in old mice

Background Coinciding with other chronic comorbidities, the prevalence of periodontal disease increases with aging. Mounting evidence has established that senescent cells accumulate at sites of age-related pathologies, where they promote "non-microbial" inflammation. We hypothesized that alveolar bone osteocytes develop senescence characteristics in old age. Methods Alveolar bone samples were obtained from young (6 months) and old (20 to 22 months) mice to evaluate the expression of senescence biomarkers by immunofluorescent staining. Osteocyte-enriched fractions were used to characterize the age-related senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) gene expression profile. Primary alveolar bone cells were exposed to the SASP via in vitro senescent conditioned media (SCM) administration. A multiplex assay confirmed protein levels of specific cytokines. Interactions with bacterial components were evaluated by stimulating cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results Increased senescence-associated distension of satellites (SADS) and p16Ink4a mRNA expression were identified in alveolar bone osteocytes with aging. These findings were associated with increased levels of DNA damage, and activated p38 MAPK, both inducers of senescence. Furthermore, interleukin-6 (IL6), IL17, IGFBP4, and MMP13 were significantly upregulated with aging in osteocyte-enriched samples. Interestingly, SCM potentiated the LPS-induced expression of IL1α, IL1β, and IL6. Cell migration and differentiation were also impeded by SCM. These in vitro effects were ameliorated by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190. Conclusions Accumulation of senescent osteocytes contributes to deterioration of the periodontal environment by exacerbating chronic inflammation and reducing regeneration in old age. Cellular senescence is a cell-intrinsic response to DNA damage, and a host-related mechanism associated with aging that could potentiate inflammation induced by bacterial components.
A longitudinal study of justice characteristics among girls participating in a sex trafficking court program

Sex trafficking is a public health and social justice issue that has traditionally been addressed with criminal justice solutions. Because many sex trafficking survivors are incarcerated for crimes related to their exploitation, specialty, human trafficking courts were developed to offer resources and assistance to labor and sex trafficking survivors. This study assessed justice-involved youth participating in a specialty, anti-trafficking court program. The purpose of this study was to investigate justice-related outcomes of participants in a specialty court program. We examined: (1) the relationship between age at first citation and justice characteristics (number of bench warrants, number of citations, number placements, and number of times ran away); and (2) the number of months between first citation and enrollment into the program with the aforementioned justice characteristics. We used negative binomial models to estimate the relationships between age at first citation, number of months between first citation and program enrollment, with the four justice characteristics (n = 181). Adjusted models showed that younger age at first citation was associated with significantly more bench warrants and citations while in the program. Likewise, fewer months between first citation and program entry was related to more bench warrants and citations. There is a need to evaluate the appropriateness of specialty, trafficking court programs in reducing continued justice involvement and these programs ability to meet the evolving needs of sex trafficking survivors over time. We recommend universal screening for trafficking indicators for all systems-involved youth and relocating trafficking specialty courts out of juvenile courts to dependency courts.
Discovery of 6-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogs as dual inhibitors of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase in de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis in folate receptor expressing human tumors

We discovered 6-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds (3-9) with 3-4 bridge carbons and side-chain thiophene or furan rings for dual targeting one-carbon (C1) metabolism in folate receptor- (FR) expressing cancers. Synthesis involved nine steps starting from the bromo-aryl carboxylate. From patterns of growth inhibition toward Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing FRα or FRβ, the proton-coupled folate transporter or reduced folate carrier, specificity for uptake by FRs was confirmed. Anti-proliferative activities were demonstrated toward FRα-expressing KB tumor cells and NCI-IGROV1 ovarian cancer cells. Inhibition of de novo purine biosynthesis at both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFTase) was confirmed by metabolite rescue, metabolomics and enzyme assays. X-ray crystallographic structures were obtained with compounds 3-5 and human GARFTase. Our studies identify first-in-class C1 inhibitors with selective uptake by FRs and dual inhibition of enzyme targets in de novo purine biosynthesis, resulting in anti-tumor activity. This series affords an exciting new platform for selective multi-targeted anti-tumor agents.
Chondrosarcomas: Conventional and Secondary

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilage-forming tumor of bone. It represents a spectrum of disease defined by histologic confirmation of a cartilaginous neoplasm in the correct clinical and radiographic context. Chondrosarcomas are classified as primary if they arise de novo from bone and secondary if they develop from the malignant transformation of a preexisting benign lesion. The most common primary histopathologic type is termed “conventional”; rare variants of primary chondrosarcoma include clear cell, juxtacortical, mesenchymal, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. The most common precursor lesions in secondary chondrosarcoma are osteochondromas, but it can also arise in the setting of Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome.
Potential Gap: A Gap-Informed Reactive Policy for Safe Hierarchical Navigation

This letter considers the integration of gap-based local navigation methods with artificial potential field (APF) methods to derive a local planning module, called potential gap , for hierarchical navigation systems. Central to the construction of the local planner is the use of sensory-derived local free-space models that detect gaps and use them for the synthesis of the APF. Trajectories derived from the APF are provably collision-free for idealized robot models. The provable property is lost when applied to more realistic models. A set of algorithm modifications correct for these errors and enhance robustness to non-ideal models, in particular a nonholonomic robot model. Integration of the potential gap local planner into a hierarchical navigation system provides the local goals and trajectories needed for collision-free navigation through unknown environments. Monte Carlo experiments in benchmark worlds confirm the asserted safety and robustness properties.
Profiles of Resilience among Children Exposed to Non-Maltreatment Adverse Childhood Experiences

Considering the high prevalence and negative consequences of non-maltreatment adverse childhood experiences (NM-ACEs), it is critical to understand their impacts on the resilient functioning of young children. This study sought to examine heterogeneity in resilience among first-grade children who were exposed to NM-ACEs during kindergarten and explore demographic and adversity characteristics that distinguish between resilience profiles. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on 4929 children drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K). The results of the LPA revealed four distinct resilience profiles: (1) low cognitive and executive functioning (4%); (2) low social and behavioral functioning (14%); (3) low average functioning (31%); and (4) multi-domain resilience (51%). Female children and those in families characterized by older maternal age, higher parental education level, household income above 200% federal poverty level, not receiving welfare benefits, and races other than Black were more likely to be in the multi-domain resilience profile. The findings highlight heterogeneity in resilience among children exposed to NM-ACEs and point to the need for a comprehensive, multi-domain assessment of child functioning to support optimal resilience development in this population.
Learning to Refit for Convex Learning Problems.

Machine learning (ML) models need to be frequently retrained on changing datasets in a wide variety of application scenarios, including data valuation and uncertainty quantification. To efficiently retrain the model, linear approximation methods such as influence function have been proposed to estimate the impact of data changes on model parameters. However, these methods become inaccurate for large dataset changes. In this work, we focus on convex learning problems and propose a general framework to learn to estimate optimized model parameters for different training sets using neural networks. We propose to enforce the predicted model parameters to obey optimality conditions and maintain utility through regularization techniques, which significantly improve generalization. Moreover, we rigorously characterize the expressive power of neural networks to approximate the optimizer of convex problems. Empirical results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method in accurate and efficient model parameter estimation compared to the state-of-the-art.
The Formula of Humanity as an End in Itself

A “formula da humanidade” do Imperativo Categorico diz que toda pessoa deve “agir de forma a tratar a humanidade, seja em sua propria pessoa ou em qualquer outra, sempre e ao mesmo tempo como fim, nunca meramente como um meio.” (GMS 4:429) De todas as formulas do Imperativo Categorico ou maneiras diferentes de expressar o principio fundamental da moralidade a da humanidade e provavelmente a mais atraente intuitivamente. No entanto, apesar de seu apelo intuitivo, mesmo seus elementos mais basicos – o que exatamente deve ser tratado como um fim em si mesmo, o que esta envolvido em tratar algo como fim em si mesmo, e por que deveriamos aceitar esta exigencia moral basica – sao supreendentemente confusos, e ate mesmo controversos. Meu objetivo, neste ensaio, e oferecer uma analise consistente destes pontos basicos, alem de identificar interpretacoes alternativas, sem abrir mao da forca intuitiva do principio de Kant. Mesmo com um significativo desacordo acerca dos detalhes da formula da humanidade, ha certo consenso, entre os comentadores, sobre alguns pontos de partida. Uma interpretacao geralmente aceita e a de que Kant nao esta dizendo que somente e exatamente os membros da especie humana devem ser tratados como fins em si mesmos. Seu uso do termo “humanidade” (em alemao Die Menschheit) e potencialmente enganador, pois Kant consistentemente diz que “seres racionais” sao fins em si mesmos, em virtude de sua “natureza racional”. Como a racionalidade e
Adaptive image processing and sensing technologies for detecting anomalous conditions near critical transportation infrastructure assets

This work presents a methodology for detecting anomalous conditions on transportation infrastructure assets and generating alarms to draw the attention of personnel monitoring them via various sensing technologies. The methodology developed, which consists of a four part process, is capable of detecting conditions that vary substantially from those that are normally observed. This four part process consists of the following steps: (1) an intensity characteristic model of the transportation asset is learned during a training phase. (2) During the foreground object segmentation phase, objects are segmented based on pixel characteristics that vary substantially from those embodied in the intensity characteristic model. (3) Segmented objects that match certain morphological, topological, and/or geometric constraints are flagged as being candidates for further (temporal) processing. (4) Segmented objects with unanticipated temporal persistence or geometric characteristics are then identified and brought to the attention of a human operator.
Optical Rotatory Dispersion Studies of Globular Proteins, Including α-Chymotrypsin: I. EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION

Abstract The optical rotatory behavior of six proteins with and without supporting electrolyte was examined over a broad concentration range, 0.25 to 36% (w/v) in the case of bovine plasma albumin. The specific optical rotation, Moffitt-Yang parameters (a0 and b0), and Shechter-Blout parameters were calculated in the wave length region of 330 to 600 mµ. Values of the specific optical rotation and a0 of α-chymotrypsin at pH 3.7 in the absence of added electrolyte were reversibly dependent upon concentration while b0 remained constant. Raising the pH of the solution to 6.2 suppressed the concentration dependence, and ionic strengths near 0.2 completely abolished it. Sedimentation velocity, chromatography, and viscosity experiments ruled out polymerization as a source of the observed optical rotatory dispersion changes. It is concluded that α-chymotrypsin under certain conditions (pH 3.7 and ionic strength much less than 0.2) undergoes a detectable change in conformation. A possibility exists that this transition of α-chymotrypsin can be influenced by the dissociation of a small molecule (or molecules). Values of all the optical rotatory parameters for bovine plasma albumin, lysozyme, pepsin, egg albumin, and β-lactoglobulin were found to be independent of concentration. This suggests that the self-association of most globular proteins in solutions up to 36% protein leads to no conformational changes as judged from optical rotatory dispersion measurements. This is so with a strongly interacting and multidisperse solution, with no known biological function, such as lysozyme and bovine plasma albumin (16% total protein). These results provide a firm experimental basis for the investigation of biologically interesting systems at extraordinarily high concentrations by means of optical rotation.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: MANAGEMENT OF THE CHILD WHO HAS HAD ONE CONVULSION

FOR MOST PARENTS their child9s first convulsion is a dramatic, frightening event which demands immediate medical attention. The physician, on the other hand, may see the patient after recovery from the attack and may tend to minimize the severity of the situation and assume a wait-and-see attitude before investigation and treatment are initiated. The convulsion is a symptom that indicates a disturbance of cerebral neurones. This disturbance may be the result of underlying organic disease of the brain, either fixed or progressive, or it may be an indication of a functional disturbance related to a circulatory or metabolic disorder. The first attack may be so mild that the child is unaffected but subsequent attacks may be prolonged, or result in status epilepicus, and produce a mild or severe degree of mental impairment. There is considerable evidence to indicate that anoxia associated with convulsions can cause brain damage and for this reason every child who has had a convulsion should be investigated and, with rare exception, placed on prophylactic daily anticonvulsant medication when no specific treatable condition is discovered. EVALUATION The first step in the study of a child who has a convulsion is to document its occurrence. Anxious parents are, as a rule, poor witnesses. Despite this, every effort should be made to obtain a description of the seizure, particularly premonitory symptoms, loss of consciousness, convulsive movements, duration of the attack, and the state of the patient following the attack. In infants breath-holding spells may simulate convulsive seizures. In breath-holding spells there is always a precipitating factor, usually a slight injury or some emotional disturbance which results in violent crying, ending suddenly in respiratory apnea. The cyanosis in such attacks appears before the loss of consciousness and convulsive movements.
Acoustics variability of air gun signals recorded at intermediate ranges within the Lau Basin

[1] During January–February 2009, an active-source seismic survey was performed over the Eastern Lau Spreading Center in the Lau Back-Arc Basin (21°S, 176°S). Acoustic signals generated by theR/V Langseth's 36-gun pneumatic source array were recorded within the deep sound channel at offsets of 29–416 km. The local ocean acoustic environment is everywhere bottom limited, with seafloor depths within the study domain ranging from ∼1700–2800 m. Low-frequency (4–125 Hz) sound levels are monitored using root-mean-square, energy-flux-density and zero-to-peak measurement techniques. From these field data, transmission loss is found to exceed the predictions of a geometric spherical spreading model. At similar ranges, arrival amplitudes vary by up to 20 dB and durations vary by a factor of three to six. The depth of the seafloor beneath the air gun source exhibits a positive correlation with arrival duration and a negative correlation with range-corrected amplitude, explaining up to 30% of the observed variation in both parameters. The strength of this correlation, however, varies for stations lying at different azimuths, highlighting the importance of seafloor aspect and slope in the coupling of bottom-interacting acoustic energy into the sound channel. Range-dependent ray tracing shows that shots deployed over shallower seafloor are more likely to produce sound channel trapped signals that propagate with limited bottom interaction. This results in arrivals that are more impulsive, with shorter durations and higher amplitudes. Shots deployed in deeper water typically undergo a larger number of bounces and are characterized by more emergent, longer duration and smaller amplitude arrivals.
Changes in Cognitive Performance Are Associated with Changes in Sleep in Older Adults With Insomnia

The present study examined sleep features associated with cognition in older adults and examined whether sleep changes following insomnia treatment were associated with cognitive improvements. Polysomnography and cognition (recall, working memory, and reasoning) were assessed before and after an insomnia intervention (Brief Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia [BBTI] or information control [IC]) in 77 older adults with insomnia. Baseline wake-after-sleep-onset (WASO) was associated with recall. Greater NREM (nonrapid eye movement) delta power and lower NREM sigma power were associated with greater working memory and reasoning. The insomnia intervention did not improve performance. However, increased absolute delta power and decreased relative sigma power were associated with improved reasoning. Findings suggest that improvements in executive function may occur with changes in NREM architecture.
Rescue treatment with L-citrulline inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn pigs

Infants with cardiopulmonary disorders associated with hypoxia develop pulmonary hypertension. We previously showed that initiation of oral L-citrulline before and continued throughout hypoxic exposure improves nitric oxide (NO) production and ameliorates pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets. Rescue treatments, initiated after the onset of pulmonary hypertension, better approximate clinical strategies. Mechanisms by which L-citrulline improves NO production merit elucidation. The objective of this study was to determine whether starting L-citrulline after the onset of pulmonary hypertension inhibits disease progression and improves NO production by recoupling endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Hypoxic and normoxic (control) piglets were studied. Some hypoxic piglets received oral L-citrulline starting on Day 3 of hypoxia and continuing throughout the remaining 7 days of hypoxic exposure. Catheters were placed for hemodynamic measurements, and pulmonary arteries were dissected to assess NO production and eNOS dimer-to-monomer ratios (a measure of eNOS coupling). Pulmonary vascular resistance was lower in L-citrulline-treated hypoxic piglets than in untreated hypoxic piglets but was higher than in normoxic controls. NO production and eNOS dimer-to-monomer ratios were greater in pulmonary arteries from L-citrulline-treated than from untreated hypoxic animals but were lower than in normoxic controls. When started after disease onset, oral L-citrulline treatment improves NO production by recoupling eNOS and inhibits the further development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets. Oral L-citrulline may be a novel strategy to halt or reverse pulmonary hypertension in infants suffering from cardiopulmonary conditions associated with hypoxia.
Physical Properties of Polystyrene as Influenced by Temperature

Abstract The physical properties of plastics are markedly influenced by the ambient temperature, but comparatively few quantitative data on polystyrene have been published. The variation of flexural strength and deflection at break for compression-moulded polystyrene and for a number of other compression-moulded plastic materials at temperatures from —70° to +200° C was described by Nitsche and Salewski. Jenckel and Lagally determined the tensile strength of extruded polystyrene filaments at 30° to 60° C. The elongation at 20° to 90° C was reported for extruded and racked polystyrene foil by Muller. Since the mechanical properties of plastic materials are profoundly influenced by the methods used in preparing the test specimens, data on such properties are meaningless unless the details of preparation also are known. This paper describes variations in some of the mechanical properties of injection-moulded polystyrene over the range from —75° to +100° C. This method was chosen because injection moulding is...
Quantitative model of reactive metal-semiconductor interface growth using high-resolution photoemission results.

High-resolution core-level photoemission studies of the reactive metal-semiconductor interfaces V/Ge(111), Ce/Si(111), and Ce/Ge(111) show that intermixing leads to unique chemical environments or species having well-defined chemical shifts. Decomposition of the coverage-dependent core-level emission shows the growth and attenuation of each of these species. We present a model which quantitatively describes the evolution of the interface. We show that two-phase growth can be described by the lever rule, such that bulk thermodynamic partitioning applies to interfaces having thicknesses of tens of angstroms or less. From the modeling, we extract values for the onset coverage of each phase, the composition of each phase, and the coverage at which each ceases to form. These interface phase diagrams indicate that the first phase is not consumed when subsequent phases form. Application and refinement of these analysis techniques should lead to predictive abilities for junction formation and interface stability.
Pulse methylprednisolone treatment of idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome

Although much of the interest in pulse methylprednisolone therapy (PMT) has centered around its use in children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, PMT has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of other proteinuric renal diseases. We hypothesized that a PMT-based treatment protocol, derived from the Tune-Mendoza protocol, would effectively induce a more rapid remission in young children with idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). A retrospective analysis was conducted of 11 consecutive SRNS patients (mean age 3.6 +/- 1.5 years) that received PMT between 1 August 1992 and 1 May 1998. The initial mean urinary protein/urinary creatinine ratio (UP/UC, mg/mg) was 8.3 +/- 9.7 and mean estimated creatinine clearance (CCr) 137.7 +/- 47.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2. An average of 24.8 +/- 10.5 PMT doses were given. The mean duration of PMT therapy until remission was 23.4 +/- 29.9 days (median 12 days). Cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide were used to maintain and extend remissions in 5 and 4 patients, respectively. At the conclusion of the study, the mean UP/UC was 0.12 +/- 0.22 and mean CCr 151.8 +/- 39.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (no CCr < or = 100 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Of the 11 patients, 9 attained complete remission. Adverse effects were mild and infrequent. This PMT protocol appears to safely and effectively induce remission in young children with SRNS. A future prospective trial that evaluates the efficacy of PMT in young children with SRNS is warranted.
Interpulse interval modulation by echolocating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in different densities of obstacle clutter

Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) use biosonar to find insect prey in open areas, but they also find prey near vegetation and even fly through vegetation when in transit from roosts to feeding sites. To evaluate their reactions to dense, distributed clutter, bats were tested in an obstacle array consisting of rows of vertically hanging chains. Chains were removed from the array to create a curved corridor of three clutter densities (high, medium, low). Bats flew along this path to receive a food reward after landing on the far wall. Interpulse intervals (IPIs) varied across clutter densities to reflect different compromises between using short IPIs for gathering echoes rapidly enough to maneuver past the nearest chains and using longer IPIs so that all echoes from one sound can be received before the next sound is emitted. In high-clutter density, IPIs were uniformly shorter (20–65 ms) than in medium and low densities (40–100 ms) and arranged in “strobe groups,” with some overlap of echo streams from different broadcasts, causing pulse-echo ambiguity. As previously proposed, alternating short and long IPIs in strobe groups may allow bats to focus on large-scale pathfinding tasks as well as close-in obstacle avoidance.