cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new cytochrome b-like pigment with a peak at 567 nm and a low redox potential in denitrifying bacteria.

Abstract Dithionite reduced difference spectra of extracts of denitrifying pseudomonads revealed small absorption maxima at 567 and 539 nm, suggestive of α and β bands of a new b type cytochrome. The new pigment was present in cells grown both aerobically and anaerobically and was located in the particulate fraction of extracts. These extracts also contained, in much higher concentrations, additional pigments resembling cytochromes c 553 and b 559 , which were readily reduced by NADH or endogenous substrates, although a small proportion of the b 559 required dithionite for complete reduction. In contrast, most of the new 567 pigment was not readily reduced by NADH, succinate, or endogenous substrates, and it was most easily visualized with dithionite in the sample cuvette, and either endogenous substrates or NADH in the reference cuvette. Dyes of low redox potential such as benzyl viologen ( E m,7 = −359 mV), phenosafranine ( E m,7 = −250 mV) and reduced janus green ( E m,7 = −225 mV) could substitute for dithionite as reductant for the new 567 pigment. Cresyl violet ( E m,7 = −160 mV) caused partial reduction. However, redox compounds of higher potential such as reduced indigo carmine, ( E m,7 = −125 mV) reduced methylene blue ( E m,7 = −11 mV), ferrooxalate and ascorbate could not replace dithionite as reductant. Most of the cytochrome b 559 and the c 553 were reduced by ascorbate. Thus the new 567 pigment appears to have a mid-point potential between −225 and −125 mV, well below most of the cytochrome b 559 . The new 567-nm pigment was rapidly oxidized by brief but vigorous aeration and was also slowly and partially re-reduced when concentrated extracts were allowed to stand without aeration. A more complete reduction of the 567 pigment was readily obtained by the addition of a mixture of NADH and FAD. The 567 pigment was observed in several denitrifying pseudomonads, P. fluorescens, P. stutzeri and also in Micrococcus denitrificans , but was not detectable in the non-denitrifiers Escherichia coli or Aerobacter aerogenes .
Human osteosarcoma cells spontaneously release matrix-vesicle-like structures with the capacity to mineralize

Summary Nearly all models of skeleton, cartilage, and dentin mineralization evoke a specific role for matrix vesicles (MV) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying MV production, mineralization, and the pivotal role of ALP is largely unknown. Previous studies in this laboratory demonstrated that ALP in a human osteosarcoma cell line (SAOS-2) is of the tissue nonspecific (‘bone’) isoenzyme and lipid-anchored to the plasma membrane in ecto-orientation [1], thus reminiscent of osteoblasts in vivo [2]. Herein, we show that these cells spontaneously release ALP-rich structures (MVs) with the capacity to mineralize. MVs from SAOS-2 cells are 100–200 nm in diameter with characteristic trilaminar membranes. ALP in these vesicles is hydrophobic and lipid-anchored in ecto-orientation in a manner similar to the ALP in the parent SAOS-2 cells. 5′-Nucleotidase, another plasma membrane enzyme, is also abundant in MVs; adenylate cyclase is relatively deficient. Analysis of plasma membrane and MV proteins by 2-D gel electrophoresis reveals many common constituents; nevertheless, MVs contain several unique (or greatly enriched) proteins indicating that SAOS-2 MVs originate from specialized regions of the plasma membrane and are released in the same orientation as the plasma membrane. MVs, unlike plasma membrane vesicles, can cause the formation of insoluble calcium and phosphate in a manner that i) requires ALP substrates; ii) is blocked by ALP inhibition or inactivation; and iii) is not dependent on intact MVs. SAOS-2 derived MVs contain at least 3 protein kinases and their substrates. ALP does not, however, have a major role in regulating the phosphorylation state of these phosphoproteins.
Adsorption of Dimethyl Sulfoxide to the Liquid/Vapor Interface of Water and the Thermochemistry of Transport across the Interface

Resonantly enhanced surface second harmonic generation has been used to measure the adsorption isotherm of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at the liquid/vapor interface of water. The Langmuir model of interfacial adsorption was used to model the data allowing determination of −11.8 (σ = 1.2) kJ/mol for the Gibbs free energy of adsorption of DMSO to the liquid/vapor interface of water at 293 K. This value of the adsorption energy is combined with data obtained from the literature to yield a complete thermodynamic characterization of a model potential energy surface for the transport of DMSO across the liquid/vapor interface of water. Some implications of this potential energy surface on the kinetics of mass transport are presented.
Nonlinear behavior of the electrohydrodynamic instability threshold in nematic liquid crystals

Abstract Subjecting a thin film of nematic liquid crystal to an electric field which is the sum of two sinusoidal fiels, the critical voltage for the onset of hydrodynamic instability has been determined as a function of the amplitudes and frequencies of these fields and compared with theoretical predictions.
The C 1,1 conclusions in Gromov's theory

According to M. Gromov, any sequence of Riemann manifolds with uniformly bounded geometry has a subsequence that converges to a limit. It is shown here that this limit Riemann structure is Lipschitz, generates a Lipschitz geodesic flow, and consequently, as Gromov asserted, the limit distance function is of class C 1,1 . Sharpness of the results is discussed. A simple, extrinsic proof of Gromov's Theorem is included.
Pondaplin: A novel cyclic prenylated phenylpropanoid fromAnnona glabra

Abstract A novel cyclic prenylated phenylpropanoid, pondaplin was isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Annona glabra , by directing the fractionation with the brine shrimp lethality test (BST). Pondaplin showed selective cytotoxicities at moderate potencies among six human solid tumor cell lines.
Exponential Growth Solutions of Elliptic Equations

We show that for a class of second order divergence form elliptic equations on an infinite strip with the Dirichlet boundary condition, the space of fixed order exponential growth solutions is of finite dimension. An optimal estimation of the dimension is given. Examples also show that the finiteness property may not be true if one drops some of the conditions we make in our result.
In vivo recording of postsynaptic potentials and low threshold spikes in W cells of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus

We obtained good intracellular recording from 5 W cells in the C-laminae of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus. The recordings were made from an anesthetized and paralyzed in vivo preparation. We found a consistent pattern for the postsynaptic potentials evoked from activation of the optic chiasm: first was an IPSP followed by an EPSP. This is very different from the pattern seen in X and Y cells, for which an EPSP always appears first and is then followed by an IPSP. We interpret the pattern for W cells as follows. The initial IPSP is disynaptic; this involves retinogeniculate conduction over very fast Y axons and a relay through an interneuron. The EPSP is monosynaptic, reflecting retinogeniculate conduction over very slow W axons. A possible implication for this is that activity over the Y pathway may generally inhibit geniculate W cells before these W cells can be excited by their retinal afferents. Finally, we elicited from each of these W cells voltage-dependent, low threshold spikes, which are very similar to those displayed by X and Y cells. These spikes can interrupt normal retinogeniculate transmission, and they are prevented by maintaining relatively depolarized membrane potentials.
The kinetics of the hexacyanoferrate (III)-sulphite reaction

Abstract The kinetics of the hexacyanoferrate (III)-sulphite reaction have been examined in order to elucidate the detailed mechanism of the reaction. A radical mechanism best satisfies the kinetic data: Fe(CN) 6 3− +SO 3 2− →Fe(CN) 6 4− +SO 3 − slow SO 3 2− +Fe(CN) 6 3− →SO 3 (SO 4 2− )+Fe(CN) 6 4− 2SO 3 − →S 3 O 6 2− The effect of the “inert” electrolyte on the rate of the reaction is discussed. The ratio of bimolecular rate constants in H2O and D2O is 1·4 ± 0·1. The enthalpies of activation when K+ and Na+ are the “inert” cationic species are 12·6 ± 1·0 and 11·7 ± 1·0 kcal/mole respectively.
Significance of Aspergillemia in Patients with Cancer: A 10-Year Study

The significance of blood cultures positive for Aspergillus species for patients with cancer remains unclear. The significance of aspergillemia in 36 cancer patients over a 10-year period was evaluated. True aspergillemia was rare, occurred late in the course of aspergillosis, and was seen exclusively in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Refocusing quality assessment on student learning

A theory of program quality is presented that is centered around a new definition of quality. Constructed on the basis of interviews with nearly eight hundred stakeholders in master's-level education, the theory advances a conceptual template and a set of criteria for assessing program quality in graduate and professional education.
Virtue and Luck, Epistemic and Otherwise

: This essay defends virtue reliabilism against a line of argument put forward by Duncan Pritchard. In the process, it discusses (1) the motivations for virtue reliabilism, (2) some analogies between epistemic virtue and moral virtue, and (3) the relation between virtue (epistemic and otherwise) and luck (epistemic and otherwise). It argues that considerations about virtue and luck suggest a solution to Gettier problems from the perspective of a virtue theory.
A Sucker Punch of Horror: The Oyoun Theatre's Gaza Mono-Logues

The Oyoun Theatre brought their performance of The Gaza Mono-logues from Gaza to Haifa for the RS/PS: Richard Schechner and Performance Studies conference, hosted by the University of Haifa. They were part of the larger Gaza Mono-Logues project, conceived by the Ashtar Theatre in Ramallah, which commissioned 33 first-person pieces written by children about their experiences during the three-week-long 2008 war in Gaza.
What Works: Using Curriculum and Pedagogy to Increase Girls' Interest and Participation in Science

This article identifies instructional strategies, curricula, and organizational structures in the research literature that have been successful in encouraging girls' participation and achievement in science: science instruction in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten, relevant curricula that address girls' interests and provide opportunities for genuine inquiry and tinkering experiences, greater emphasis on physical science and the use of computers, integration of reading and writing in science, attention to how groups are formed in classrooms, activities that build self-efficacy, appropriate role models, messages that science is for everyone, and student-centered teaching. Special attention is given to the needs of children in preschool and kindergarten. In addition, research on the impact of single-sex classrooms and grouping is reviewed, along with the use of children's fictional literature to teach science. Implications derived from research literature include changes in what is taught, how it is taught,...
Mechanism for rapid sawtooth crashes in tokamaks.

The standard picture of Kadomtsev reconnection process predicts sawtooth crash times that are longer than those observed in the present day large tokamaks. Ideal kink modes are investigated as a possible mechanism for these fast crashes, by use of fully toroidal, compressible, full magnetohydrodynamic equations. In systems with low shear, parallel-current and pressure-driven modes are identified well below the previously accepted poloidal beta limits. Linear and nonlinear calculations show good agreement with experiments and indicate that such modes may explain fast collapse times reported in the recent literature.
Korsakoff patients' nonverbal vs verbal memory: Effects of interference and mediation on rate of information loss

Abstract Two experiments were performed to assess the roles of interference and mediation on Korsakoff patients' rate of nonverbal information loss. In the first, which contrasted the rate of nonverbal information loss following nonverbal distraction with the rate of verbal information loss following verbal distraction, it was discovered that nonverbal information was forgotten more rapidly than verbal information. Furthermore, nonverbal material was forgotten across unfilled retention intervals, while verbal material remained intact. In a second experiment, the patients were given verbal labels to aid their retention of nonverbal information. Since these labels improved nonverbal retention, it was concluded that they had provided the Korsakoff patient with a means for rehearsing the nonverbal information.
Convergence properties of optimal controls of pseudo-parabolic problems

Approximation properties of pseudo-parabolic optimal controls to the parabolic optimal control are considered for two concrete problems.
Studies of “ground substance” of the vessel wall and alterations in atherosclerosis and related diseases

Summary An account is given of the author's work to date on the percentage content of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in aortas of varying degrees of atherosclerotic involvement, and of a chromatographic procedure on silica-impregnated glass paper for the fractionation of these substances. Characteristics of a glycoprotein isolated from bovine aorta are reported.
A Language Screening Protocol for Use With Young African American Children in Urban Settings

Language screenings represent an important tool for early identification of language impairments in young children between 3 and 5 years of age. This investigation examined the utility of a well-established set of assessment measures for screening young African American children. One hundred and ninety-six children participated in the screening. Based upon the outcomes of the screening, 25 children who failed and a random sample of 56 children who passed were administered a larger language and cognitive assessment battery. Sensitivity and specificity of the screening were determined to be high. The number of different words, the Kaufman Nonverbal Scale, and nonword repetition accounted for a significant amount of the variance in performance. The screening is brief, valid, and culturally fair for use with preschool- and kindergarten-aged African American children living in urban settings.
Greener plants, grayer skies? A report from the front lines of China's energy sector

This article presents findings from the MIT China Energy Group's first-of-its-kind, independent nationwide survey of Chinese coal-fired power plants. It is well understood that developments in China's energy sector now have global environmental implications. It is also well understood that this sector has in recent years experienced rapidly rising fuel costs. The MIT survey, by delving into technology choice, pricing, fuel sourcing, and environmental cleanup at the firm level, provides insights into how the Chinese power sector as a whole responds, and what the environmental implications are. The findings suggest rapid uptake of advanced combustion technologies across the system, largely in response to rising fuel costs. Environmental cleanup systems, particularly for sulfur dioxide, have also spread rapidly, in large part due to regulatory enforcement. Yet, operationally, plants pollute substantially. Price hikes encourage them to source low-grade fuel and idle cleanup systems. On the whole, the Chinese system infrastructurally has a proven capacity for rapid technological upgrading in the face of new market and regulatory pressures. Operationally, however, in part due to exposure to market forces, and in part due to limited state capacity for monitoring operations, even the most advanced power plants remain major polluters.
Effects of endothelin-1 and l-arginine after cold ischemia in lamb hearts

Background. Prior studies from our laboratory have suggested an important role for the coronary endothelium in the injury resulting from hypodermic ischemia and reperfusion. A decreased endothelial response to intraarterial acetylcholine occurs after ischemia/reperfusion, implying a reduced release of the vasodilator nitric oxide by endothelial cells, but the role of endothelial-derived vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 in ischemia/reperfusion and interactions between endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in ischemia/reperfusion are still unclear. Methods. We examined the effects of endothelin-1 and l-arginine, the precursor for nitric oxide, on functional recovery of isolated, blood-perfused neonatal lamb hearts undergoing 2 hours of ischemia at 10°C. One group (n = 8) received 10 pmol/L endothelin-1 before reperfusion, and a second group (n = 8) received a continuous infusion of 3 mmol/L l-arginine during the initial 20 minutes of reperfusion. The third group (n = 8) received both endothelin-1 and l-arginine in the same way as in the endothelin-1 and l-arginine groups. The fourth group underwent the same period of hypothermic ischemia without interventions during reperfusion. Results. After 30 minutes of reperfusion, the endothelin-1-treated hearts showed significantly reduced recovery of left ventricular systolic function (positive maximum dP/dt and volume normalized [V10] dP/dt) and diastolic function (negative maximum dP/dt), coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption compared with the control group ( p p Conclusion. These results, combined with our previous observations that endothelin-1 levels are unchanged by hypothermic ischemia and reperfusion, suggest that there is an imbalance between the endothelial production of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide, which affects postischemic coronary blood flow and the recovery of ventricular function. Interventions that modify this imbalance of endothelially derived substances could favorably influence the outcome after a period of hypothermic ischemia and reperfusion.
The novelties of a reflectarray antenna: A legitimate child of a reflector and an array antenna

Broadly speaking a reflectarray antenna is a legitimate child of a reflector and an array antenna. Reflectarray's major role is to synthesis any desired scattered wavefront from a given incident wavefront. Both reflector and phased array antennas do this as well. In reflector antennas one typically utilizes curved surfaces and in phased arrays one uses the element phasing to achieve the desired radiating wavefront. A reflectarray will do this by first being a planar structure rather than a curved structure and secondly by creating the desired element phases through the element topology instead of phase shifters. These two unique features make a reflectarray antenna a potentially very interesting and useful radiating device.
Squeezing in higher order nonlinear optical processes

Abstract We examine the squeezing of the signal mode in higher order subharmonic generation processes when the mode is initially in a coherent state. We find that the squeezing is proportional to the amplitude of the initial state so that the vacuum is not squeezed.
Prolonged exercise reduces Ca2+ release in rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum

Prolonged exercise decreased the rate of Ca+ release in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles isolated from rat muscle by 20-30% when release was initiated by 5, 10, and 20 microM AgNO3 [3H]Ryanodine binding was also depressed by 20% in SR vesicles isolated from the exercised animals. In contrast, the maximum amount of Ca2+ release in the presence of ruthenium red, a known inhibitor of the Ca2+ release mechanism, was not affected by prolonged exercise. These results suggest that exercise depressed Ca2+ release from SR by directly modifying the Ca2+ release channel.
Occupational status of rural outmigrants and return migrants.

This research analyzes the occupational status payoffs to short-term outmigration and return migration for male workers in a developing country. Using an occupational status model that integrates explanations from the status attainment and migration literatures and longitudinal data from the Philippine Migration Survey the results show that both outmigrants and return migrants have lower occupational prestige scores than nonmigrants. Regression standardization and decomposition analyses reveal that while rural outmigrants are positively selected on socioeconomic characteristics compared with nonmigrants their lower occupational prestige scores are largely because their prior farming and fishing occupational experience does not properly prepare them for the urban labor market. Return migrants lower occupational status scores are due to negative selection on socioeconomic characteristics. (EXCERPT)
Further studies on platelet-mediated neurotoxicity

Abstract The mechanism of ischemic neuronal injury is not fully resolved. The present view is that vascular occlusion per se does not fully account for the extent of neurological dysfunction. We hypothesized that platelet secretory products might contribute to ischemic neuronal injury in the central nervous system (CNS) (Joseph et al., Stroke, 20 (1989) 38–44 and 1316–1319). Our preliminary studies using organotypic rat spinal cord cultures exposed to human platelet and its secretory products, revealed that platelet product(s) had neurotoxicity. Further studies, using the same methods, were conducted here, with the addition of several refinements such as use of gel-filtered platelets (as opposed to washed platelets), adding additional relevant controls including platelet membranes, red blood cells and washed rat platelets. The results confirmed our initial finding that an agent(s) in platelet secretion is neurotoxic. Subsequently, we identified serotonin (5HT), a major platelet product, as having toxic effects on neurons. This toxicity of 5HT appeared to be blocked by ketanserin, a 5HT2 receptor antagonist. Judging by the concentrations of 5HT that demonstrated neurotoxicity in these in vitro studies, it appears that products secreted from activated platelets could have pathological significance in vivo.
Part VII. Integrating psychological services with medical treatment for patients with breast cancer

0ncreasingly, medical personnel recognize that patients with lifethreatening disease, at every stage of the disease and at every stage of treatment, experience some degree of emotional distress* and that emotional distress negatively affects health and recovery.* It has been demonstrated that immune functioning is enhanced by perception of a degree of control over noxious stimuli3,4 and by expression of emotions, even negative emotions. 5,6 These are good reasons to include counseling in treatment plans, but perhaps the most important reason is that psychological intervention can improve the patient’s quality of life during a stressful time.7 Each phase of breast cancer treatment has unique emotional features. This article presents recommendations for timing and methodology of psychological assessment’ and intervention at each stage of breast cancer.* Assessment issues, along with suggested interventions, are summarized in Table 1.
Persistent magnetic moment of rotating mesoscopic rings and cylinders.

We discuss the persistent magnetic moment of rotating rings and cylinders in the mesoscopic regime. For these systems, the electronic moment of inertia is not given by the classical value, and as a consequence the ionic and electronic currents do not compensate. This gives rise to a permanent magnetic moment, analogous to the London moment in rotating superconductors, which should be experimentally observable. We also discuss the relationship between the nonclassical moment of inertia and the conductivity of mesoscopic rotating rings. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Discrimination of luminance and chromaticity differences by dichromatic and trichromatic monkeys.

Abstract Dichromatic and trichromatic representatives from two genera of platyrrhine monkeys that show widespread color vision polymorphism (Saguinus—tamarins, Saimiri—squirrel monkeys) were tested for their abilities to make increment-threshold and flicker discriminations based on luminance and chromaticity differences. The details of these tests were arranged to attempt to emphasize the relative contributions to visual behaivor of non-opponent and spectrally-opponent neural mechanisms. The results indicate that dichromatic and trichromatic monkeys differ only trivially on tests where performance is based on the contributions of non-oponent mechanisms, that the contribution of spectrally opponent mechanisms to the “brightness signal” is very similar in trichromatic and dichromatic monkeys, and that in increment-threshold discriminations where there are both chromaticity and luminance cues some test wavelengths yield superior performance for trichromats while others appear to favor the dichromat.
Model solutions of regularized relativistic transport equations

We present numerical solutions of recently proposed relativistic transport equations for fluctuating hadronic fields with simplified model Lagrangians containing a spin-1/2 nucleon and a light scalar or pseudoscalar meson. We introduce and implement a method for regularizing tadpoles and vector loops which is consistent with the previously proposed regularization of the scalar loops. The resulting solutions in vacuum are well behaved, exhibiting the expected differences between the scalar and pseudoscalar cases without apparent pathologies.
Congenital narrow-angle glaucoma and iris nevi in a neonate with epidermal nevus syndrome

Epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS) is a neurocutaneous disorder characterized by epidermal hamartomas and abnormalities of the brain, eye, and other systems. We report the occurrence of congenital angle closure glaucoma in a patient with epidermal nevus syndrome. Intraoperative use of ultrasound biomicroscopy was essential in making the diagnosis.
Electric Distribution System Fault Location Considering Shunt Capacitances

Abstract This article presents novel fault-location algorithms for distribution systems by utilizing voltage and current measurements at the local substation. The methods extend from previously published algorithms by explicitly modeling feeder shunt capacitances so that the methods will be applicable to distribution feeders with significant capacitances, such as underground cables. The bus impedance matrix technique is harnessed to develop the relationship between the substation voltage and current and the fault location and fault resistances, based on which the fault location can be derived. To accommodate inherent unbalances in distribution systems, the methods are developed in the phase domain instead of the symmetrical component domain. The distribution network parameters and topology are assumed to be known for constructing the bus impedance matrix. Simulation studies have demonstrated that the methods can achieve very accurate results.
Binary collision model for neon Auger spectra from neon ion bombardment of the aluminum surface

A model is developed to account for the angle-resolved Auger spectra from neon ion bombardment of the aluminum surface recently obtained by Pepper and Aron. The neon is assumed to be excited in a single asymmetric neon-aluminum-collision and scattered back into the vacuum where it emits an Auger electron. The velocity of the Auger electron acquires a Doppler shift by virtue of the emission from a moving source. The dependence of the Auger peak shape and energy on the incident ion energy, angle of incidence and on the angle of Auger electron emission with respect to the surface is presented. Satisfactory agreement with the angle resolved experimental observations is obtained. The dependence of the angle-integrated Auger yield on the incident ion energy and angle of incidence is also obtained and shown to be in satisfactory agreement with available experimental evidence.
On a theorem of L.V. Kantorovich concerning Newton's method

We study the problem of approximating a locally unique solution of an operator equation using Newton's method. The well-known convergence theorem of L.V. Kantorovich involves a bound on the second Frechet-derivative or the Lipschitz-Frechet-differentiability of the operator involved on some neighborhood of the starting point. Here we provide local and semilocal convergence theorems for Newton's method assuming the Frechet-differentiability only at a point which is a weaker assumption. A numerical example is provided to show that our result can apply to solve a scalar equation where the above-mentioned ones may not.
High-speed flip-chip p-i-n photodetector with integrated microlens

The design of high-speed, high responsivity PIN optical detectors for fiber optic telecommunication test equipment requires a very careful trade-off between lateral and vertical active area dimensions. A thin absorption layer (i-layer) leads to high bandwidth at the expense of responsivity. A large-area device improves light coupling efficiency from a fiber, but reduces the bandwidth. In addition, packaging constraints must be considered. Our approach attempts to optimize the end-system performance by incorporating an integral micro-lens which increases the effective light collection area; a double-pass illumination strategy that increases the bandwidth without sacrificing responsivity; and a micro-flip-chip die attachment technology that minimizes parasitic capacitance and inductance. An optical receiver composed of a GaAs MODFET-based transimpedance amplifier and a flip-chip PIN photodector exhibited a bandwidth of 7.2 GHz with an optical-to-electrical conversion gain of 560 V/W.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Maximum studentized score tests for the detection of outliers in time series regression models

Efficient score tests exist among others, for testing the presence of additive and/or innovative outliers that are the result of the shifted mean of the error process under the regression model. A sample influence function of autocorrelation-based diagnostic technique also exists for the detection of outliers that are the result of the shifted autocorrelations. The later diagnostic technique is however not useful if the outlying observation does not affect the autocorrelation structure but is generated due to an inflation in the variance of the error process under the regression model. In this paper, we develop a unified maximum studentized type test which is applicable for testing the additive and innovative outliers as well as variance shifted outliers that may or may not affect the autocorrelation structure of the outlier free time series observations. Since the computation of the p-values for the maximum studentized type test is not easy in general, we propose a Satterthwaite type approximation based ...
Repressive coping style: Relationships with depression, pain, and pain coping strategies in lung cancer out patients

Researchers have shown that coping style is related to pain and adjustment in people with chronic illness. This study was the first to examine how coping style related to pain, pain coping strategies, and depression in lung cancer outpatients. We conducted a comparative, secondary data analysis of 107 lung cancer patients (73% male, mean age 61.4±10.43 years, 88% Caucasian). As in prior studies, we classified patients into four coping style groups based on Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and trait anxiety scores. The coping style groups were low-anxious (n=25); high-anxious (n=31); defensive high-anxious (n=21); and repressive (n=30). Compared to other coping style groups, the repressive group reported statistically significant lower mean scores for pain quality, pain catastrophizing, and depression. Assessing coping style by measuring personal characteristics such as social desirability and trait anxiety may help clinicians to identify vulnerable individuals with lung cancer who may be candidates for early and timely intervention efforts to enhance adjustment to pain.
Transferrin Iron, Chelatable Iron and Ferritin in Idiopathic Haemochromatosis

Summary. In 12 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis and varying degrees of iron overload the serum ferritin concentration was related to the amount of iron mobilized by venesection. There was no correlation between iron load and chelatable iron. In 25 patients with normal iron stores following venesection therapy, both transferrin iron and chelatable iron was pathologically increased. The initial stages of iron accumulation in idiopathic haemochromatosis are characterized by an imbalance between chelatable iron and ferritin, a phenomenon that could explain the pathogenesis of the disease.
Effect of Zinc and Nitric Oxide on Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells under Shear Stress

This study describes the effect of zinc on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells under different shear stress regimens, which may trigger atherogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to steady shear stress (15 dynes/cm2 or 1 dyne/cm2) or reversing shear stress (time average 1 dyne/cm2) for 24 h. In all shear stress regimes, zinc deficiency enhanced THP-1 cell adhesion, while heparinase III reduced monocyte adhesion following reversing shear stress exposure. Unlike other shear stress regimes, reversing shear stress alone enhanced monocyte adhesion, which may be associated with increased H2O2 and superoxide together with relatively low levels of nitric oxide (NO) production. L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment increased monocyte adhesion under 15 dynes/cm2 and under reversing shear stress. After reversing shear stress, monocyte adhesion dramatically increased with heparinase III treatment followed by a zinc scavenger. Static culture experiments supported the reduction of monocyte adhesion by zinc following endothelial cell cytokine activation. These results suggest that endothelial cell zinc levels are important for the inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, and may be one of the key factors in the early stages of atherogenesis.
Summit metabolic rate exhibits phenotypic flexibility with migration, but not latitude in a neotropical migrant, Parkesia noveboracensis

Physiology–life history interactions suggest that birds living with a fast ‘pace-of-life’ should have higher metabolic capacity to provision higher reproductive activity. Previous work supports this, but does not consider migration. We measured summit metabolism (\(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2\;{\text{summit}}}}\)) in Northern Waterthrush (Parkesia noveboracensis) while wintering in the Republic of Panama, migrating northwards through eastern North America, and while breeding in northeastern North America. \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2\;{\text{summit}}}}\) is similar between breeding and overwintering (non-migratory) and is significantly elevated in migration. These data suggest that migration is a driver of phenotypic flexibility in these birds and that migration, like winter survival, may be an important determinant of connections between life history and physiology.
Evaluation and Treatment of Perioperative Corneal Abrasions

Purpose. To evaluate perioperative risk factors for corneal abrasion (CA) and to determine current care for perioperative CA in a tertiary care setting. Methods. Hospital-based, cross-sectional study. In Operating Room and Post-Anesthesia Care Units patients, a comparison of cases and controls was evaluated to elucidate risk factors, time to treatment, and most common treatments prescribed for corneal abrasions. Results. 86 cases of corneal abrasion and 89 controls were identified from the 78,542 surgical procedures performed over 2 years. Statistically significant risk factors were age (P = 0.0037), general anesthesia (P < 0.001), greater average estimated blood loss (P < 0.001), eyes taped during surgery (P < 0.001), prone position (P < 0.001), trendelenburg position (P < 0.001), and supplemental oxygen en route to and in the Post-Anesthesia Care Units (P < 0.001). Average time to complaint was 129 minutes. 94% of cases had an inpatient ophthalmology consult, with an average time to consult of 164 minutes. The most common treatment was artificial tears alone (40%), followed by combination treatment of antibiotic ointment and artificial tears (35.3%). Conclusions. Trendelenburg positioning is a novel risk factor for CA. Diagnosis and treatment of perioperative corneal abrasions by an ophthalmologist typically require three hours in the tertiary care setting.
Exact solutions of planar photonic crystal waveguides with infinite claddings

We present exact analytical solutions to the ideal one-dimensional planar photonic crystal waveguides (1-D PPCWs) that consist of a central core and infinite number of cladding layers symmetrically placed around the core. We show that these exact solutions allow one to distinguish clearly between light guidance due to total internal reflection and light guidance due to the photonic crystal effect. We also compare structures with finite and infinite cladding layers and provide results for the propagation characteristics and the modal field distributions.
Aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum

Abstract Four cases of aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum with associated ventricular septal defects diagnosed by left ventricular angiocardiography are reported and discussed in relation to the pertinent literature.
Effects of Popularity and Friendship on Perceptions of the Personality and Social Behavior of Peers

To examine the relations of popularity and friendship to children's and adolescents' perceptions of a classmate's personality, 90 fourth and eighth graders were asked in the fall of a school year t...
Cement or cementless fixation in total knee arthroplasty

A prospectively studied group of 55 uncemented Press Fit Condylar total knee arthroplasties was compared retrospectively with a matched group of 51 cemented Press Fit Condylar total knee arthroplasties at a mean of 10 years after operation. For the cemented group, the pain and function scores improved from 32 and 45 preoperatively to 95 and 77, respectively. For the uncemented group the scores improved from 33 and 50 preoperatively to 93 and 60, respectively. There were 10 revisions in the uncemented group for femoral or tibial aseptic loosening or osteolysis compared with two revisions in the cemented group. Exclusive of problems related to patellar metal backing, survival to revision for aseptic failure or radiographic loosening was 72% in the uncemented group and 94% in the cemented group at 10 years. A significantly higher revision rate was found in the uncemented compared with cemented total knee arthroplasty of the Press Fit Condylar design.
Autoethnography and Existentialism: The Conceptual Contributions of Viktor Frankl

The author introduces the existential psychology of the Austrian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl (1905‐1997). The article describes several theoretical ideas and perceptual metaphors derived from Frankl’s scholarship that make it useful as a philosophical and historical underpinning for the practice of autoethnography. Frankl asserted that each individual’s disposition (natural talents and limitations), situation (external circumstances), and position (freely chosen attitude toward disposition and situation) work together to create a uniquely valuable and incommutable individual perspective. This incommutability suggests that the value of autoethnographic social science is based on the opportunities derived from the particular, not the general. Frankl’s work also demonstrates that transsubjectivity is best facilitated when several autoethnographers take advantage of their unique combinations of disposition, situation and position rather than when a single autoethnographer tries to move into multiple positions simultaneously. Psychologists who publish autoethnography may find Frankl’s ideas and metaphors useful for conceptualizing and defending their own scholarship.
RAGE activation by S100P in colon cancer stimulates growth, migration, and cell signaling pathways.

Colon cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the United States. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of colon cancer are incompletely understood. This study was initiated to explore the potential role of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and S100P in modulation of key properties of human colon cancer cells. Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed for detection of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and S100P in colon cancer and matched normal colon. The influence of exogenously added S100P was analyzed on SW480 colon cancer cell line proliferation, migration, phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases, and NFκB activation. To identify the mechanisms involved in these responses, coimmunoprecipitation examining the S100P/Receptor for advanced glycation end-products interaction and the effects of receptor for advanced glycation end-products inhibition in this interaction were analyzed. Although the receptor for advanced glycation end-products was present in normal and malignant colon specimens, only the malignant specimens expressed S100P. Treatment of SW480 cells with S100P increased proliferation and cell migration. Addition of exogenous S100P stimulated both ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NFκB activity. The interaction between S100P and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation of these molecules from SW480 cells. Antagonism of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products blocked this interaction and the biologic effects of S100P on these cells. These data indicate that S100P is expressed at greater levels in colon cancer than matched normal tissue and that S100P stimulates colon cancer cell growth, migration, Erk phosphorylation, and NFκB activation in vitro, suggesting that this ligand/receptor pair may be targeted for the development of new therapies.
Atrial natriuretic peptide participates in the regulation of vestibular blood flow

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone which exerts natriuretic, diuretic and vasorelaxant effects. Among the many organs and vascular beds populated with ANP receptors (Genest and Cantin, 1988) are the vestibular and auditory organs of the inner ear (Lamprecht and Meyer zum Gottesberge, 1988). The purpose of the current study was to assess the potential influence of ANP on vestibular blood flow in the guinea pig. The inner ear was exposed with a posterior-lateral approach medially through the mastoid cortex. The laser Doppler probe was placed adjacent to the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal. Baseline measurements of mean blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and vestibular blood flow were established. ANP dissolved in physiologic saline was infused intravenously at concentrations of 15, 150 or 300 ng/kg/min at 10 microliters/min for 30 min. Measurements were recorded during the infusion and for a recovery period of 65 min. The control group was treated equivalently and infused with 0.15 M NaCl. Baseline BP and HR for all animals were 40.1 +/- 6.67 and 190 +/- 15.7, respectively. BP, HR and vestibular blood flow remained stable during the baseline, control and recovery conditions of saline infused subjects. Infusion of ANP (15 ng/kg/min) induced a mild elevation of BP followed by a small decrease in pressure during the post-infusion period. Vestibular blood flow showed a decrease to approximately 20% below baseline during infusion and stabilized at this level during the recovery period. Infusion of higher concentrations of ANP (150 and 300 ng/kg/min) induced a similar pattern of BP change in a dose-dependent manner. Vestibular blood flow, however, evidenced significant elevations during the post-infusion periods for both concentrations. These increases (22% and 26%, for 150 and 300 ng/kg/min, respectively) were significantly different from vestibular blood flow changes in the saline and low dose groups. The HR remained stable for baseline, infusion and recovery periods for each of the ANP infused subjects. This investigation demonstrates the systemic and local effects of ANP suggest a possible role for ANP in local regulation of vestibular blood flow.
The Caterus objection

This "skeletal" argument seems vulnerable to a type of criticism which I will call the "Caterus objection."1 The criticism can be stated in different ways. But the version that will most quickly raise the issues I wish to discuss goes as follows. The first premise of our argument is a conceptual truth. It expresses a relation between concepts, i.e., that the concept of God is, at least in part, the concept of something that has 0, or that the concept, "having 0," is included in, is part of, the concept of God. Accordingly, that premise is really a disguised conditional statement. It can be translated roughly as follows: 'if anything is God, it has 0.' But then our original argument, while perhaps perfectly sound, yields a conclusion lacking existential import. For its conclusion, 'God exists,' will follow from the two premisses only if it too is a disguised conditional statement, translatable as 'if anything is God, it exists.' And since this conclusion is compatible with the atheist's claim, 'nothing is God' or 'there is no God,' it is too weak to prove what we intended. If this criticism is cogent, then it will not matter what is substituted for 0 'a supremely perfect being,' 'a being than which nothing greater can be conceived,' 'a being who has omniscience, omnipotence and perfect
Contribution to the mathematical theory of contagion and spread of information: I. Spread through a thoroughly mixed population

An equation is derived from the spread of a “state” by contact through a thoroughly mixed population, in which the probability of transmission depends both on the over-all duration of the process and on the time an individual has been in the “state.” Cases in which this probability is a function of only one or the other of the two “times” are worked out. It is shown that in the case of dependence on “private time” alone the asymptotic value of the fraction of the population effected is the same as that derived by the random net approach.
Protection against Methylation-induced Cytotoxicity by DNA Polymerase β-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair

Using a plasmid-based uracil-containing DNA substrate, we found that the long patch base excision repair (BER) activity of a wild-type mouse fibroblast extract was partially inhibited by an antibody to DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol). This suggests that beta-pol participates in long patch BER, in addition to single-nucleotide BER. In single-nucleotide BER, the deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) in the abasic site is removed by the lyase activity of beta-pol. Methoxyamine (MX) can react with the aldehyde of an abasic site, making it refractory to the beta-elimination step of the dRP lyase mechanism, thus blocking single-nucleotide BER. MX exposure sensitizes wild-type, but not beta-pol null mouse embryonic fibroblasts, to the cytotoxic effects of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and methylnitrosourea. Expression of beta-pol in the null cells restores the ability of MX to modulate sensitivity to MMS. The beta-pol null cells are known to be hypersensitive to MMS and methylnitrosourea, and in the presence of MX (i.e. under conditions where single-nucleotide BER is blocked) the null cells are still considerably more sensitive than wild-type. The data are consistent with a role of beta-pol in long patch BER, which helps protect cells against methylation damage-induced cytotoxicity.