cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SENSITIVITY OF MESQUITE SHRUBLAND CO2 EXCHANGE TO PRECIPITATION IN CONTRASTING LANDSCAPE SETTINGS

In semiarid ecosystems, physiography (landscape setting) may interact with woody-plant and soil microbe communities to constrain seasonal exchanges of material and energy at the ecosystem scale. In an upland and riparian shrubland, we examined the seasonally dynamic linkage between ecosystem CO2 exchange, woody-plant water status and photosynthesis, and soil respiration responses to summer rainfall. At each site, we compared tower-based measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) with ecophysiological measurements among velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina Woot.) in three size classes and soil respiration in sub-canopy and inter-canopy micro-sites. Monsoonal rainfall influenced a greater shift in the magnitude of ecosystem CO2 assimilation in the upland shrubland than in the riparian shrubland. Mesquite water status and photosynthetic gas exchange were closely linked to the onset of the North American monsoon in the upland shrubland. In contrast, the presence of shallow alluvial groundwater in the riparian shrubland caused larger size classes of mesquite to be physiologically insensitive to monsoonal rains. In both shrublands, soil respiration was greatest beneath mesquite canopies and was coupled to shallow soil moisture abundance. Physiography, through its constraint on the physiological sensitivity of deeply rooted woody plants, may interact with plant-mediated rates of soil respiration to affect the sensitivity of semiarid-ecosystem carbon exchange in response to episodic rainfall.
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction Using Relationship Matrices Derived from Selected Base Populations

Abstract Most applications of mixed model equations for computing best linear unbiased prediction of additive genetic value invoke a numerator relationship matrix derived from a base population of unselected animals. In contrast, there could be situations in which one or more base populations have been selected with unknown means and the remaining animals in the sample are descendants of these selected animals. The numerator relationship matrix is altered from what it would have been had there been no selection, and it can be singular. Methods for using such matrices in mixed model equations are described. The resulting predictions of breeding values must be interpreted relative to breeding values of base populations. Means of selected base populations are treated as group constants in the solution. Another possibility is that the type of selection on base animals is such that no distributional property can be invoked. Consequently, their breeding values are regarded as fixed. Their descendants, however, have random breeding values with numerator relationships altered. Then the mixed model equations are derived from an incidence matrix in which the ancestors' fixed breeding values appear in the model for their descendants.
An output regulation problem for switched linear systems in discrete time

A new output regulation performance criterion is proposed, and exact convex conditions for the analysis and synthesis of discrete-time switched linear systems with autonomous switching sequences are obtained. Similarly to the common receding-horizon control method for standard linear systems, this technique provides a means of approximating the infinite-horizon LQG performance with guaranteed closed-loop stability.
Carbohydrate Absorption From Fruit Juices in Infants

Objective. To compare the absorption of carbohydrate in particular from a lower (10 mL/kg −1 ) quantity than that previously tested, of white grape juice and pear juice after a single feeding and after ingestion twice daily for 2 weeks, and determine their respective effects on stool water content, in healthy infants. Study Participants. Twelve healthy, well-nourished infants, 5 to 9 months of age, who were recruited from the general population. Design/Methods. Infants underwent a breath hydrogen test after a serving of pear juice. Three to 5 days later, the test was repeated after a serving of white grape juice. Infants were randomly assigned to receive a 10 mL/kg −1 serving of grape juice or pear juice twice daily for 2 weeks. The breath tests were repeated after the ingestion of the juices in the same sequence. With the second breath test with pear juice, a charcoal marker and 20 mg 13 C fructose, a stable, nonradioactive isotope, were mixed with the juice. Water content of the stools was compared before and after the 2-week feeding of the juice, and fecal samples were analyzed for 13 C enrichment by mass spectrometry. Results. After the ingestion of the fruit juices, only 1 infant had an abnormal peak hydrogen (H 2 ; ≥10 ppm), which followed the pear juice. That same infant was the only one who had H 2 levels ≥10 ppm after grape juice. There was no significant difference in the peak breath H 2 levels after grape juice and pear juice either at the beginning of the study or 2 weeks after taking the juice assigned (2.8 ppm ± 2.9 vs 6.2 ppm ± 9, respectively). The difference in breath H 2 response before and after the 2 weeks of fruit juice intake was not significant. Mean (±standard deviation) fecal 13 C enrichment at baseline was 3.0 Δ%o (±2.4), which was not significantly different from after 2 weeks of juice intake (2.4 Δ%o [±1.5]), regardless of the juice assigned: 2.7 Δ%o (±1.6) for grape juice and 2.2 Δ%o (±1.5) for pear juice. Mean (±standard deviation) percentage of fecal water at baseline was 24.1% (±5.1), which was not significantly different from after 2 weeks of juice (22.5% [±6]), regardless of the juice received: 21.8% (±5.8) for grape juice and 23.2% (±6.7) for pear juice. Conclusion. When either grape or pear juice is administered in a dosage of 10 mL/kg/day, the carbohydrate is well absorbed, produces no adverse gastrointestinal symptoms, and has no effect on stool water in healthy infants.
Multiple-dictionary compression using partial matching

Motivated by the desire to find text compressors that compress better than existing dictionary methods, but run faster than PPM implementations, we describe methods for text compression using multiple dictionaries, one for each context of preceding characters, where the contexts have varying lengths. The context to be used is determined using an escape mechanism similar to that of PPM methods. We describe modifications of three popular dictionary coders along these lines and experiments evaluating their efficacy using the text files in the Calgary corpus. Our results suggest that modifying LZ77 along these lines yields an improvement in compression of about 4%, that modifying LZFG yields a compression improvement of about 8%, and that modifying LZW in this manner yields an average improvement on the order of 12%.
The Murderer at the Door: What Kant Should Have Said

Embarrassed by the apparent rigorism Kant expresses so bluntly in ‘On a Supposed Right to Lie,’ numerous contemporary Kantians have attempted to show that Kant’s ethics can justify lying in specific circumstances, in particular, when lying to a murderer is necessary in order to prevent her from killing another innocent person. My aim is to improve upon these efforts and show that lying to prevent the death of another innocent person could be required in Kantian terms. I argue (1) that our perfect Kantian duty of self-preservation can require our lying to save our own lives when threatened with unjust aggression, and (2) that Kant’s understanding of moral duty was that duties are symmetrical, such that if one has a duty to perform a given action on one’s own behalf or to protect one’s own rational nature, then one also has a duty to perform similar acts on other’s behalf or to protect their rational nature. Thus, that the individual protected against aggression by means of deception is not oneself should be of no consequence from a Kantian perspective. Lying to the murderer is thus an extension of the Kantian requirement of self-defense.
Extracellular vesicles in urine of women with but not without kidney stones manifest patterns similar to men: a case control study.

The lifetime incidence of kidney stones is about two times greater in men compared to women. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed from activated cells are present in the urine and may reflect or even mediate renal physiology and/or pathology. This study was designed to standardize methodology to characterize urinary EVs by digital flow cytometry and to identify possible sex differences in EVs in persons with and without their first symptomatic kidney stones. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were obtained from persons presenting with their first kidney stone episode (n = 50 women, 60 men; age 19–76 years) and sex- and age-matched controls from the general population (n = 24 women, 36 men). Standardization: Size of EV was variable within all groups. EV positivity was verified with two fluorophores for surface phosphatidylserine and/or using two different protein markers specific for renal-specific cells. The number of phosphatidylserine- and exosome marker-positive EVs did not correlate with urine osmolality and were similar in fresh vs. frozen and between two sequential urine collections from the same individual. Sex differences: Urine from women controls contained greater (P < 0.05) numbers of EVs positive for phosphatidylserine, exosomes, inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules, and cell-specific markers from different segments of the nephron, renal pelvis, and bladder compared to control men. In contrast, urine from women with kidney stones contained significantly (P < 0.05) lower numbers of EVs derived from podocytes, parietal cells, proximal convoluted tubule, thin and thick loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct, renal pelvis, and bladder compared to control women and contained similar quantities of these types of EVs in men with and without kidney stones. There were also no sex differences in EVs positive for cell adhesion (E-cadherin and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1]) molecules. Unlike women who do not have kidney stones, EVs in urine from women with nephrolithiasis are similar to men with and without kidney stones. Thus, EVs may mediate or reflect aspects of kidney stone pathogenesis and perhaps provide clues regarding sex differences in kidney stone incidence rates.
Plasmon Resonances of Nanoshells of Spheroidal Shape

Plasmon resonances are computed for nanoshells of prolate and oblate spheroidal shape. Both longitudinal and transverse resonances are investigated as a function of aspect ratio and shell thickness. Formulas for the surface charge density on the outside and inside shell surfaces are derived.
Layers of Interests, Layers of Influence: Business and the Genesis of the National Science Foundation

Historical analyses of the genesis of the National Science Foundation (NSF) have given insufficient attention to the role of business in the legislative struggle to establish a postwar research policy agency. This has led to an incomplete understanding of the defining characteristics of the final NSF legislation. Agency focus on basic research has heretofore been interpreted largely as a response to scientists' interests rather than to those of scientists and business. Moreover, the concern of industry with the intellectual property provisions of the legislation has also been underappreciated. In this article, the standard history of the genesis of the National Science Foundation is revised by dissecting the concerns of business with NSF legislation and the role of business in shaping the legislation. The character and influence of industry on proposals for a National Science Foundation are clarified through an examination of three distinct ways in which industry shaped National Science Foundation legisla...
Helping users with information disclosure decisions: potential for adaptation

Personalization relies on personal data about each individual user. Users are quite often reluctant though to disclose information about themselves and to be "tracked" by a system. We investigated whether different types of rationales (justifications) for disclosure that have been suggested in the privacy literature would increase users' willingness to divulge demographic and contextual information about themselves, and would raise their satisfaction with the system. We also looked at the effect of the order of requests, owing to findings from the literature. Our experiment with a mockup of a mobile app recommender shows that there is no single strategy that is optimal for everyone. Heuristics can be defined though that select for each user the most effective justification to raise disclosure or satisfaction, taking the user's gender, disclosure tendency, and the type of solicited personal information into account. We discuss the implications of these findings for research aimed at personalizing privacy strategies to each individual user.
Technologies That Support Students’ Literacy Development

This chapter reviews recent research on technology that supports students’ developing literacy skills from preschool through high school. We examine technologies for students across three developmental periods of reading: emergent literacy (preschool through kindergarten); learning to read (kindergarten through third and fourth grade) and reading to learn (third grade through high school). In general, when used with students’ learning needs in mind, literacy software can effectively support students’ acquisition of skills throughout these developmental periods. However, accumulating evidence reveals that good software will not replace good or even adequate teaching unless it is used with attention to optimizing instruction to meet students’ individualized learning needs both face-to-face and on computers. We also review the role of technology in assessment of literacy skills and present promising results. In general, technology can provide an environment that supports reliable and valid assessment, especially when automated scoring can assist teachers in the assessment of students’ basic skills, writing, summarizing, and synthesizing information across multiple texts. Finally, we review technologies that support teachers’ efforts to provide more effective literacy instruction. Overall, current research indicates that technology-based professional development and specific software applications that support teachers’ ability to individualize student instruction using assessment are generally effective in improving students’ literacy outcomes.
The New Holy Trinity

There’s a familiar story about statutory interpretation in the Supreme Court. Once upon a time, the Court cared primarily about legislative purpose, even if it defied clear statutory text. But then Antonin Scalia came to town, became a justice, and laid down a new law: textualism. Central to Scalia’s success was his association of purposivism with a century-old precedent called Holy Trinity. Recently, however, purposivism seems to have evolved and, as a result, to have gotten the upper hand. Instead of adhering to Scalia's New Textualism, the Roberts Court has repeatedly and visibly embraced what might be called “The New Holy Trinity.” This approach calls for consideration of non-textual factors when determining how much clarity is required for a text to be clear. This apparent methodological shift merits attention -- and may have implications for constitutional law.
Genetics of autoimmune diseases: insights from population genetics

Human genetic diversity is the result of population genetic forces. This genetic variation influences disease risk and contributes to health disparities. Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a family of complex heterogeneous disorders with similar underlying mechanisms characterized by immune responses against self. Collectively, ADs are common, exhibit gender and ethnic disparities, and increasing incidence. As natural selection is an important influence on human genetic variation, and immune function genes are enriched for signals of positive selection, it is thought that the prevalence of AD risk alleles seen in different population is partially the result of differing selective pressures (for example, due to pathogens). With the advent of high-throughput technologies, new analytical methodologies and large-scale projects, evidence for the role of natural selection in contributing to the heritable component of ADs keeps growing. This review summarizes the genetic regions associated with susceptibility to different ADs and concomitant evidence for selection, including known agents of selection exerting selective pressure in these regions. Examples of specific adaptive variants with phenotypic effects are included as an evidence of natural selection increasing AD susceptibility. Many of the complexities of gene effects in different ADs can be explained by population genetics phenomena. Integrating AD susceptibility studies with population genetics to investigate how natural selection has contributed to genetic variation that influences disease risk will help to identify functional variants and elucidate biological mechanisms. As such, the study of population genetics in human population holds untapped potential for elucidating the genetic causes of human disease and more rapidly focusing to personalized medicine.
Buckling of Cooling-Tower Shells: Bifurcation Results

This paper describes studies of bifurcation buckling of hyperboloids used for large-scale cooling towers. Those studies include the effects of flexible supports, combined loadings from wind, dead weight, and temperature, shell cracking, different variations in the wind pressure distribution, and changes in the shell thickening. Comparisons are made between numerical and wind-tunnel results. The finite element formulation used is examined and results are presented for the tower at the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant on the Columbia River, Oregon.
The New Equivocal: Changes to HER2 FISH Results When Applying the 2013 ASCO/CAP Guidelines.

Objectives: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2) testing is an important prognostic/predictive marker in breast cancer management, especially in selecting HER2-targeted treatment. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines address HER2 status and were recently revised in 2013, replacing the 2007 version. For in situ hybridization interpretation, 2013 guidelines return to the prior threshold of a HER2/CEP17 ratio of 2.0 or greater for positive and eliminate 1.8 to 2.2 as the equivocal range. Also, the HER2 signal/nucleus ratio is accounted for, with 6.0 or greater for positive and 4.0 to less than 6.0 for equivocal, even in cases with a HER2/CEP17 ratio less than 2.0. Methods: With institutional review board approval, we reviewed our 2006 to 2012 HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results and classified them according to both the 2007 and 2013 guidelines as negative, positive, or equivocal. Results: Of 717 HER2 FISH results, 55 (7.7%) changed category when reassessed by 2013 guidelines. Nineteen of 25 results in the 2007 equivocal category were reassigned as positive (n = 13) or negative (n = 6). Thirty-five previously negative cases became equivocal in the 2013 scheme, 12 of these with 1+ immunohistochemistry. The positive category increased from 71 to 85. Conclusions: The 2013 ASCO/CAP guidelines increased the number of HER2 FISH positive and equivocal results. The equivocal group is substantially different, posing a dilemma for clinical management.
Effect of gluco- and mineralocorticoid adrenal steroids on fluid and electrolytes of fasted adrenalectomized dogs.

Summary1) 1-dehydrohydrocortisone induced rapid revival of fasted adrenalectomized dogs from severe insufficiency. Disappearance of symptoms and return of activity and vigor was accompanied by restoration of normal values of arterial pressure and serum electrolytes. Hemodilution was evident and a profuse diuresis occurred with marked renal loss of Na, Cl, K and fluid. Desoxycorticosterone, in doses of 500 mg day was much less effective in restoring activity but sharply increased serum Na and Cl, an increase which in part seemed due to excretion of relatively “salt free” water. There was renal retention of Na and Cl, persistent hemoconcentration and failure of the blood pressure to rise above the low level characteristic of adrenal insufficiency. 2) The fluid and electrolyte changes of the glucocorticoid-treated dogs are presumed to be due to an outflux of Na. Cl. K and water from cells including probably bone and collagenous tissue. Although an apparent correlation exists between the ability of 1-dehydroh...
Advancing Culture As Well As Cars: Envisioning Social Progress Through Transportation Design

Inviting students to design the future of transportation is not uncommon. Asking them, however, to imagine a new future for our society by way of wholly reconsidering what the future of Transportation Design could be provides a unique pedagogical opportunity to expand conceptual visualization skills. The 2010 Senior Transportation Design Class of the University of Cincinnati's School of Design was tasked to identify a significant societal need or issue that could be directly addressed by both realistically and radically rethinking current transportation paradigms affecting the issue. Their Capstone Projects were dedicated to researching, developing, and resolving designs envisioning new integrated transportation paradigms that would positively impact society. The resulting projects ranged in scope from the pragmatic to the dramatic and in scale from the wearable to the inhabitable. Projects extensively utilized PACE CAD software (Autodesk Sketchbook Pro, Alias Automotive, and Maya) for design development, visualization, and final model creation through rapid prototyping. The two projects discussed in this paper are: 1. A user-assembled automotive spaceframe shipped in crates doubling as assembly bucks. This vehicle design gives the growing DIY market a more involved ownership experience including maintaining their vehicle's longevity. And 2. A minimal foot-print personal vehicle that attempts to be a viable replacement for today's automobile in order to address increasing road congestion and resource consumption by first solving the social stigma and fear today's drivers may have for transitioning into a smaller vehicle while larger ones still share the road. Projects presented demonstrate exhaustive design process and compelling visuals (2d and 3d), but their primary goal is to use the investigation of the cultural intersection between transportation design and it's determining influence on our societal fabric as a method for expanding the creative exploration skills and social awareness in our students.
Residual volume in the cuff of the endotracheal tube when the pilot balloon is torn off instead of deflated using a syringe.

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been a shift in airway management with the use of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT) in pediatric patients. While the use of a syringe to deflate the cuff is generally recommended, anecdotal observations suggest that some healthcare practitioners tear off the pilot balloon from ETT to deflate the cuff. This study was conducted to estimate the residual volume in the cuff when the pilot balloon is torn off for deflation. Method The in vitro study was conducted in three phases. In phases 1 and 2, various sized cuffed ETTs (3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mm) were inflated to achieve an intracuff pressure of 20–30 cmH2O in open atmosphere (phase 1) or inside a tube to simulate external pressure from the tracheal wall (phase 2). The pilot balloons were ripped off and the residual volume in the cuff was measured. The process was repeated using 10 ETTs of each of the 3 sizes. In phase 3, the same process was repeated using ten, size 7.0 cuffed ETTs inflated in an intubating mannequin. Results In phase 1, the percentage of the remaining residual volume was 60.7, 72.8, and 69.5% in 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mm ETTs respectively. Although the percentage of residual volume in phases 2 and 3 was less than phase 1, the residual volume in phases 2 and 3 still averaged approximately 60–70% of the volume required for cuff inflation. In one case, the pilot balloon tube was completely occluded and the residual volume in the cuff could not be expelled even with external pressure. Conclusion Since significant percentage of the volume remained in the cuff after tearing off the pilot balloon tube with one being completely occluded, we would not recommend this method for cuff deflation.
Feasibility analysis of fractal characteristics of rock drillability

In order to satisfy the request of high quality and high speed drilling,it is necessary to make a more precise observation of the rock drillability.With the fractal geometry theory,this paper puts forward a new rock drillability testing method by selecting detritus from bottom hole as object.The fractal mechanism and forming process of rock broken is investigated.The broken fragment distribution function of rock in different well depth is determined based on laboratory experiment.Broken fractal dimension of rock is calculated.Relativity coefficient of fractal dimension is upward to 0.90,The correlativity between rock rigidity,cone micro-bit drillability value and fragment fractal distribution of upward cuttings is excellent.It's easy and feasible to determine the rock drillability with the fractal dimension of the upward debris,and can continue sampling in drilling process.So its theoretical significance and the application value are significant.
Therapeutic activity of 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine conjugates of lipids in WEHI-3B leukemia in mice

Two new conjugates of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and lipids were tested for therapeutic activity in myelomonocytic WEHI-3B leukemia in mice. Both conjugates were superior to equimolar mixtures of their respective parent compounds and to ara-C alone. IP treatment was found effective after either IP or IV transplantation of the leukemia. The thioether-linked lipid conjugate ara-CDP-D,L-PTBA showed considerably higher efficacy than the ester-linked lipid conjugate ara-CDP-L-dipalmitin. The optimal therapeutic regimen of ara-CDP-D,L-PTBA consisted of 60 mg/kg given IP qd 1-5 after transplantation of the WEHI-3B leukemia.
Polypoide Läsion der Gallenblase — prophylaktische Cholezystektomie?

Von 1979-1988 wurden 21 Patienten (12 Manner, 9 Frauen, Durchschnittsalter 51 J.) aufgrund sonographisch nachgewiesener Gallenblasenpolypen cholezystektomiert. Die Mehrzahl der Polypen war kleiner als 5 mm, alle erwiesen sich histologisch als harmlose Cholesterolpolypen. 2 gutartige Adenome waren 6 bzw. 9 mm gros. Polypen mit einem Durchmesser von mehr als 10 mm waren lediglich 2mal Cholesterolpolypen, aber je Imal eine Heterotopic, Adenom und Adenocarcinom. Eine Indikation zur Cholezystektomie besteht bei sonographisch suspektem Aussehen, einer festgestellten Grosenzunahme oder einem Durchmesser uber 10 mm, die ubrigen Befunde sollten sonographisch kontrolhert werden.
Losing a job, gaining half of another: Full-time to part-time employment mobility of displaced workers

Dans cet article, les AA. s'interrogent sur la situation de l'employabilite aux Etats-Unis. Les AA. se sont penches sur la mobilite des travailleurs, passant d'un statut d'emploi a temps plein a celui de travail a temps partiel. Les AA. analysent deux tendances dans l'emploi: la reduction des effectifs (downsizing) et les formes contingentes de travail. Il est question de la persistance de la diminution des emplois pendant la recession apres le 11 septembre 2001 mais aussi a la fin des annees 90 pendant une periode de croissance
Impact of Genetic Predispositions, Diet, and Environment on Storage of Red Blood Cells

It remains controversial whether or not transfusions of human red blood cells (RBCs), which have been refrigerator-stored for extended time intervals, induce or exacerbate clinically-relevant adverse effects in recipients. The described effects include infection, inflammation, renal dysfunction, thrombosis, and even death. It is also controversial whether such effects are seen in particular patient populations predisposed to these types of complications, or whether they are universal. To this end, multiple bench research studies, clinical/translational studies, and prospective randomized controlled trials are currently investigating these issues. What is not controversial is that refrigerated storage produces the "RBC storage lesion" and that this worsens in proportion to increasing storage time, such that, at the FDA-mandated 42-day outdate, on average, only 75% of transfused donor RBCs are still circulating in the recipient at 24-hours post-transfusion. It is also not controversial that RBCs obtained from some healthy volunteer donors do not store well and, at outdate, have a 24-hour post-transfusion recovery (PTR) of significantly less than 75% (i.e., "poor storers"). Analogously, RBCs from some donors store extremely well and may exhibit virtually 100% 24-hour PTR at outdate (i.e., "super storers"). Understanding the underlying mechanisms for these phenomena would allow implementation of various approaches to improve the blood supply, with an ultimate goal of virtually 100% 24-hour PTR and normal long-term circulatory lifespan of transfused RBCs. This goal is especially relevant in the chronic transfusion setting (e.g., patients with sickle cell anemia or beta-thalassemia). Similar observations have been made about hemolysis ex vivo (i.e., "in the bag") during refrigerated storage, which influences the amount of free hemoglobin infused during the transfusion procedure. There is also evidence that these RBC storage characteristics are stable in "poor" and "super" donors, suggesting that genetic, dietary, and/or environmental factors are involved. Indeed, using inbred strains of mice, there is clear evidence that genetic and dietary factors can significantly influence donor RBC storage quality, when measured as 24-hour PTR and/or ex vivo hemolysis. In addition, human genetic polymorphisms, particularly in racial/ethnic groups enriched for malaria-induced traits, result in abnormal expression or abnormal function of various RBC proteins, including hemoglobin and cytosolic enzymes, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. There is increasing evidence that these polymorphisms can influence the ability of human RBCs to tolerate standard conditions of refrigerated storage. Harnessing this information will result in new methods for improving the quality of the blood supply and, consequently, improving patient responses to transfusion therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Cytomegalovirus reactivation is associated with a lower rate of early relapse in myeloid malignancies independent of in-vivo T cell depletion strategy

Abstract The association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and relapse risk has not been evaluated in relation to T cell depletion strategies. We evaluated 93 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and analyzed the association between T cell depletion strategies with the cumulative incidence of relapse and CMV reactivation. A total of 33% of patients who received ATG vs. 34% who received alemtuzumab developed CMV reactivation. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 3% at 1 year and 20% at 3 years in patients with CMV reactivation vs. 30% at 1 year and 38% at 3 years in patients without CMV reactivation (p = 0.02). When analyzed separately, this effect persisted in the myeloid, but not the lymphoid group. There was a numerical trend towards increased non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients with CMV reactivation, especially in the myeloid group. The choice of T cell depleting agent and the rate of CMV reactivation were not associated with different overall survival (OS) rates. These results suggest that the choice of T cell depletion strategy may have similar effects on rates of CMV reactivation, disease relapse, and survival. Further studies examining these variables in patients not exposed to in-vivo T cell depleting agents may be of interest.
Oxidative‐Insertion Reactivity Across a Geometrically Constrained Metal→Borane Interaction

While interest in cooperative reactivity of transition metals and Lewis acids is receiving significant attention, the scope of known reactions that directly exploit the polarized reverse-dative σ-bond of metal-borane complexes (i.e., M→BR3) remains limited. Described herein is that the platinum (boryl)iminomethane (BIM) complex [Pt(κ2-N,B-Cy2BIM)(CNArDipp2)] can effect the oxidative insertion of a range of unsaturated organic substrates, including azides, isocyantes, and nitriles, as well as CO2 and elemental sulfur (S8). In addition, alkyl migration processes available to the BIM framework allow for post-insertion reaction sequences resulting in product release from the metal center.
Synthetic Study of Phainanoids. Highly Diastereoselective Construction of the 4,5-Spirocycle via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkenylation.

An efficient strategy to synthesize the western part of phainanoids is reported. The benzofuranone-based 4,5-spirocyclic motif is constructed diastereoselectively via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular alkenylation. The computational study suggests that the remarkably high diastereoselectivity is attributed to the stabilizing interaction between the 2′ carbonyl moiety and the palladium catalyst in the favored transition state.
Effects of Density, Cellulose Nanofibrils Addition Ratio, Pressing Method, and Particle Size on the Bending Properties of Wet-formed Particleboard

Wet-formed particleboard bonded with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) was prepared in this work. The effects of density, CNF addition ratio, pressing method, and particle size on the bending strength were evaluated. The results showed that density had the most important effect on the modulus of elasticity (MOE), while the CNF addition ratio had the most important effect on the modulus of rupture (MOR). For panels with low density ( 800 kg/m3), the pressing method’s effect was more important, compared to panels with low and medium densities. With increased density and CNF addition ratio, panels were able to meet low-density and some medium-density standard MOE and MOR requirements.
Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of Amines: A Mechanistic Study of the Cross-Coupling of Carbazole with Alkyl Bromides

We have recently reported that a variety of couplings of nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and carbon nucleophiles with organic halides can be achieved under mild conditions (−40 to 30 °C) through the use of light and a copper catalyst. Insight into the various mechanisms by which these reactions proceed may enhance our understanding of chemical reactivity and facilitate the development of new methods. In this report, we apply an array of tools (EPR, NMR, transient absorption, and UV–vis spectroscopy; ESI–MS; X-ray crystallography; DFT calculations; reactivity, stereochemical, and product studies) to investigate the photoinduced, copper-catalyzed coupling of carbazole with alkyl bromides. Our observations are consistent with pathways wherein both an excited state of the copper(I) carbazolide complex ([CuI(carb)2]−) and an excited state of the nucleophile (Li(carb)) can serve as photoreductants of the alkyl bromide. The catalytically dominant pathway proceeds from the excited state of Li(carb), generating a carbaz...
Photoactivated Hydrophobic Reagents for Integral Membrane Proteins

Photoactivated hydrophobic reagents are being developed to label those regions of integral membrane proteins that lie within the hydrocarbon core of the lipid bilayer. There are three goals. First, we wish to have a collection of reagents that react entirely from within the bilayer and to a negligible extent from the aqueous phase. Second, we would like to label, without discrimination, all the functional groups exposed to the hydrocarbon core of the membrane. A third goal is to make reagents that will label integral proteins at points that are at defined distances from the surface of the membrane.
Screenings during Well-Child Visits in Primary Care: A Quality Improvement Study.

Background: Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment visits are designed to address physical, mental, and developmental health of children enrolled in Medicaid. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods intervention by using a quality improvement theory. We assessed preintervention and postintervention screening rates of development, anemia, lead, oral health, vision and hearing, interventions for improvement, and barriers for the well-child visits at an academic family medicine clinic. For quantitative analysis, we assessed the preintervention baseline for 183 children and postintervention outcome for 151 children. For qualitative analysis, we used group interviews and key informant interviews to develop interventions in the preintervention stage and to explore potential barriers for further improvement in the postintervention stage. Results: Interventions based on baseline results included user-friendly materials, checklists, posters, education, and order sets. After the intervention, there were significant statistical improvements (P Conclusions: The trial findings demonstrated potential benefits of improving screenings in an office-based intervention by using a quality improvement process. Postintervention qualitative findings illustrate additional factors that could be addressed for further improvements.
Inhibition of nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella on marinated chicken skin.

Marination is widely used to enhance flavor and increase consumer acceptability of meat and poultry products. The impact of such marination on the safety and shelf life of poultry meat was evaluated in this study. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of teriyaki and lemon pepper marinades against multiple strains of nalidixic acid (NAL)–resistant Salmonella. NAL-resistant Salmonella serovar (Typhimurium, Heidelberg, and Senftenberg) cultures were inoculated onto chicken skin at 0.6 to 3.14 log CFU/g in a 12-well titer plate. Inoculated chicken skin was exposed to teriyaki or lemon pepper marinades for up to 32 h and stored at 4 or 25°C to determine the prevalence of Salmonella. To determine Salmonella survival, a three-strain cocktail of Salmonella was inoculated at low (ca. 4 log CFU/g) and high (8 log CFU/g) levels onto chicken skin that was then marinated with either teriyaki or lemon pepper marinade for up to 32 h and stored at 4 or 25°C. Prevalence of Salmonella was signif...
Training as a Component of RAM Implementation

Abstract At least a short training course is required or advised to use most RAMs accurately. Training sessions are typically taught by the RAM author(s) or previously trained persons with considerable experience using the RAM. Experts recruited to peer-review drafts of a RAM should first be trained in all its features.
Recombinant FSH glycoforms are bioactive in mouse preantral ovarian follicles

Female reproductive aging is characterized by a rise in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels during peri-menopause. N-linked glycans are co-translationally attached to the Asn7 and Asn24 residues on the FSHβ subunit. Differences in the number of N-glycans on the FSHβ subunit result in distinct glycoforms: hypo-glycosylated (FSH21/18, glycans absent on either Asn24 or Asn7, respectively) or fully-glycosylated (FSH24, glycans present on both Asn7 and Asn24). The relative abundance of FSH glycoforms changes with advanced reproductive age, shifting from predominantly FSH21/18 in younger women to FSH24 in older women. Previous in vitro studies in granulosa cell lines and in vivo studies using Fshb-null mice showed these glycoforms elicit differential bioactivities. However, the direct effects of FSH glycoforms on the mouse ovarian follicle have not yet been determined. In this study, we isolated secondary follicles from pre-pubertal mice and treated them with 20- or 100 ng/mL purified recombinant FSH glycoforms for 1 h or 18-20 h. Analysis of phosphorylated PKA substrates showed that glycoforms were bioactive in follicles following 1-h treatment, although differential bioactivity was only observed with the 100 ng/mL dose. Treatment of follicles with 100 ng/mL of each glycoform also induced distinct expression patterns of FSH-responsive genes as assessed by qPCR, consistent with differential function. Our results, therefore, indicate that FSH glycoforms are bioactive in isolated murine follicles.
Antioxidants and the autoxidation of fats

Experiments on the oxidation of purified methyl oleate support the view that its induction period, and probably that of natural oils, is due to the presence of inhibitors and that purified unsaturated compounds have no induction period, other than the time required for gaseous oxygen to diffuse into the liquid. Experiments with antioxidants indicate that phenolic inhibitors and inhibitols cause no change subsequent to the end of the induction period, that they exert their effect solely by inhibiting the formation of the initial active moloxide, and that they are entirely destroyed before the start of rapid oxidation which characterizes the end of the induction period. The mode of action of several different pro-oxidants is analyzed. Perbenzoic acid, and presumably other peracids, and copper oleate decrease the induction period by virtue of their destruction of natural inhibitors.
Chapter 37 – Mesothelioma

Publisher Summary The most important cause of mesothelioma is exposure to various forms of asbestos in the workplace. Smoking does not appear to increase the risk, although asbestos may amplify the effect of smoking in the etiology of certain forms of lung cancer. Rarely, household exposure to asbestos has been responsible, because of asbestos carried home in the clothing of working family members, or because of proximity to an asbestos mine or mill. Clusters of mesothelioma have occurred because of the use of asbestos minerals as ingredients in whitewash. A closely related mineral, erionite, has been found responsible for mesotheliomas occurring in an area of Turkish Anatolia. Mesothelioma occurs more commonly in men than women, and is more common in San Francisco than in Los Angeles. Incidence begins to rise in middle age, and among men, cases among whites and Latinos are more common than those among persons of other groups. The census tracts showing high-risk for men are distributed in a semi-circle around Long Beach, and it seems possible that many of these census tracts are at high-risk because malignancies have occurred among such men.
Machine Learning and Reputation Based Misbehavior Detection in Vehicular Communication Networks

Vehicular networks are vulnerable to various attacks such as Sybil, denial-of-service (DoS) and false alert generation attacks. Cryptographic methods can provide some protection to vehicular networks from external attacks but are found to be vulnerable to internal attacks. A misbehavior detection system (MDS) can be deployed to detect and prevent internal attacks. In this paper, we propose a machine learning and reputation based MDS to enhance the detection accuracy as well as to ensure the reliability of both vehicles and messages. Proposed MDS is trained using datasets generated through extensive simulation based on the realistic vehicular network environment. To improve the accuracy of the detection, we have employed the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory-based collaborative misbehavior detection system. In the proposed scheme, the reputation score of each vehicle is used as a belief value for Dempster-Shafer based feedback combination. In addition, we propose a beta distribution based reputation update and revocation scheme. Moreover, we show that our proposed scheme is better compared to previous methods in terms of accurately identifying various misbehaviors.
Deep learning-based cross-sensor domain adaptation for fault diagnosis of electro-mechanical actuators

Recently, the development of intelligent data-driven machinery fault diagnosis methods have received significant attention. In most studies, the training and testing data are assumed to be collected from the same sensor. However, in real practice, due to the mounting limitation and sensor malfunctioning, it cannot be generally guaranteed to obtain the data from the same sensor location at all times. The testing and training data can be possibly from different sensor locations. Consequently, different data distributions exist, which remarkably deteriorates the data-driven model performance in different scenarios. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a deep learning-based cross-sensor domain adaptation approach for machinery fault diagnosis. The maximum mean discrepancy is deployed as a distance metric to realize marginal domain fusion. The unlabeled parallel data is further exploited to achieve conditional domain alignment with respect to different machine health conditions. An electro-mechanical actuator dataset is used as a case study for the validation of the proposed method. Different tasks are designed to simulate different cross-sensor domain adaptation problems in fault diagnosis. The experimental results suggest the proposed method achieves higher than $$95\%$$ testing accuracies in most tasks, and it offers a promising approach for cross-sensor fault diagnosis problems.
Metal-Templated Design of Chemically Switchable Protein Assemblies with High-Affinity Coordination Sites.

lp class="Abstract" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.25in; text-align: justify; line-height: 11.25pt; font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"gTo mimic a hypothetical pathway for protein evolution, we previously developed a design strategy (Metal-Templated Interface Redesign), in which a monomeric protein (cytochromeanbsp;ligcblsubg5l/subgl/iglsubg62l/subg) was tailored for metal-mediated self-assembly, followed by the re-design of the resulting oligomers for enhanced stability and metal-based functions. Here we show that a single hydrophobic mutation on the cytochromeanbsp;ligcbl/iglsubg562l/subganbsp;surface can drastically alter the outcome of metal-directed oligomerization to yield a new trimeric architecture, (TriCyt1)lsubg3l/subg, featuring an unusual hexa-histidine coordination motif. Through computational and rational redesign, this nascent trimer is converted into second and third-generation variants (TriCyt2)lsubg3l/subganbsp;and (TriCyt3)lsubg3l/subganbsp;with increased structural stability and preorganization for metal coordination. The three TriCyt variants combined furnish a unique design platform to a) provide tunable coupling between protein quaternary structure and metal coordination, b) enable the construction of metal/pH-switchable protein oligomerization motifs, and c) generate a robust metal coordination site that can accommodate all mid-to-late first-row transition metal ions with high affinity, including Mn(II) with nanomolar dissociation constants,anbsp;anbsp;rivaling those of the strongest Mn(II)-binding protein, calprotectin.anbsp;lspan lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;"glo:pgl/o:pgl/spangl/pg .
Review Essay: Criminality, Sexuality and Gender in British India Special Focus: Governing Gender and Sexuality in Colonial India: The Hijra, c. 1850–1900: by Jessica Hinchy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 306 pp., $31.71, ISBN 9781108716888

The sustained scholarly attention on the enumerative modalities of colonial rule has generated a voluminous literature on disciplinary knowledge in British India. 1 Extending Foucault’s influential...