cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Encoding-Based Minimization of Inductive Cross-Talk for Off-Chip Data Transmission

Inductive cross-talk within IC packaging is becoming a significant bottleneck in high-speed inter-chip communication. The parasitic inductance within IC packaging causes bounce on the power supply pins in addition to glitches and rise-time degradation on the signal pins. Until recently, the parasitic inductance problem was addressed by aggressive package design. In this work we present a technique to encode the off-chip data transmission to limit bounce on the supplies and reduce inductive signal coupling due to transitions on neighboring signal lines. Both these performance limiting factors are modeled in a common mathematical framework. Our experimental results show that the proposed encoding based techniques result in reduced supply bounce and signal degradation due to inductive cross-talk, closely matching the theoretical predictions. We demonstrate that the overall bandwidth of a bus actually increases by 85% using our technique, even after accounting for the encoding overhead. The asymptotic bus size overhead is between 30% and 50%, depending on how stringent the user-specified inductive cross-talk parameters are.
Organizational Economics: An Impending Revolution in Organization Theory?

Organizational economics (OE) is purported to offer a potential revolution in organization theory. This paper assesses the value of organizational economics for organization theorists. The conclusions are that OE is useful in extending theory building and empirical research in organization theory, but for OE to realize its full potential, it must draw upon organization theory to refine theory building and expand its scope.
Development, testing, and application of a chemistry concept inventory

A chemistry concept inventory (CCI) has been created that provides linkages to misconceptions observed in chemistry and subsequent introductory materials engineering courses as revealed by a materials concept inventory (MCI). The CCI topics included were bonding, intermolecular forces, electrochemistry, equilibrium, thermochemistry and acids and bases. Numerous students were interviewed in development of questions in order to ascertain that the questions and responses were interpreted as intended. Questioning students on topics of molecular shape gave helpful insight into how students solve problems. For example, a question might be written to test one aspect of the topic, but students might solve it differently. They might use different reasoning that would lead to a correct answer. The item is therefore testing something other than the intended topic. Interviews led to some unique findings in spatial understanding and misconceptions held by these students. Multiple rounds of testing were then used in ascertaining development of a valid chemistry concept inventory.
WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Reference System Based on Theories of Lexical Memory

Cet article fait la description de WordNet, systeme de reference electronique, dont le dessin est base sur des theories psycholinguistiques concernant la memoire lexicale et l’organisation mentale des mots. Les noms, les verbes et les adjectifs anglais sont organises en groupes synonymes (les « synsets »), chacun representant un concept lexical. Trois relations principales — l’hyponymie, la meronymie et l’antonymie — servent a etablir les rapports conceptuels entre les « synsets ». Les presuppositions qui lient les verbes sont indiquees ainsi que leurs contextes syntaxiques et semantiques. En tâchant de miroiter l’organisation mentale des concepts lexicaux, WordNet pourrait servir l’utilisateur sans formation en linguistique.
Dispersion and Extinction of the Plasmon Mode in a Gold Nanoparticle Array at an Air/Glass Interface

Transmission and reflection spectra were obtained experimentally and numerically for the transversely polarized plasmon mode in an array of gold nanoparticle chains. Large increases in the dispersion and extinction were observed under total internal reflection.
Inducing Unusual Dynamics in Acoustic Musical Instruments

The dynamic behavior of an acoustic musical instrument can be drastically modified by closing a feedback loop around even a single sensor and actuator. After reviewing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, we analyze RMS level-tracking controllers, which induce a stable limit cycle with specified RMS level when an audio effect is placed in the feedback loop. The space of the RMS level-tracking controllers whose error converges exponentially to zero is succinctly described, and this space is augmented to include controllers that support multiple stable equilibria. Next, an adaptive RMS level-tracking controller is developed that can accommodate changing instrument and audio effect parameters. Finally, several example controllers are tested on a simulated vibrating string to demonstrate 1) creating multiple stable equilibria, 2) driving amplitudes of the string harmonics to various targets (for instance to make the string "sing" vowels), and 3) reducing the dynamic range of resonant ring modulation for time-varying effect parameters.
Dimension effects of enclosures on ecological processes in pelagic systems

Several characteristics inherent to experimental ecosystems were examined for their influence on ecological processes in five cylindrical indoor benthic‐pelagic enclosures of different size and shape. Ecosystem development diverged significantly among the mesocosm dimensions even though environmental parameters such as surface photosynthetically available radiation (400‐700 nm), turbulence intensity, water exchange rate, and nutrient input were held constant across systems. Here we show that factors that lead to the development of different plankton assemblages can be related to mesocosm geometry. The ratio of light-receiving surface area-to-water column volume (As : V) was shown to control both the rate of NO consumption and gross primary productivity. The attenuation 2 3 of water column irradiance was positively correlated with the wall area-to-volume ratio (A w : V). This was manifested in greater light attenuation in systems with a high A w : V ratio. In addition, notably greater microalgal biomass developed on the walls in systems with a high Aw : V ratio. Finally, the total surface area-to-volume ratio (A t :V ) of the mesocosms influenced the rate of energy gain and dissipation and water column temperature. The differences in temperature among dimensions possibly affected biological parameters such as bacterial biomass. Although the influence of area-to-volume effects on biological components in artificial systems may be substantial, our analysis indicates that some of these effects may be predictable and that future experiments can be explicitly designed to minimize artifacts of enclosure. Experimental ecosystems (mesocosms) are often used to examine ecological interactions and they allow investigators to observe one discrete body of water for a sufficient length
A multimedia file structure for continuous and discrete media

Multimedia information requires a new physical data structure for its efficient storage and retrieval. This data structure must meet the real-time deadlines required for the rendition of the media (e.g. audio and video). We propose a data structure for a multimedia file system. A detailed discussion of continuous media storage strategies and a method for synchronizing different media at the storage level are presented. >
Multiple wavelength generation from a mode locked silicon evanescent laser

In this paper, an improved performance of mode locked lasers using silicon evanescent laser approach is shown. Its potential application as multiple wavelength WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) sources is presented. Results from a hybrid silicon evanescent mode locked laser (ML-SEL) that creates a comb of over 100 optical modes within 10-dB of the peak mode output power are also presented. The linewidth and OSNR of several longitudinal modes across the spectrum of this comb are examined as well as the results from CW laser seed light injection into the ML-SEL in stabilizing the modes.
A new species of Xestocoris Van Duzee, with comments on the genus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae: Rhyparochrominae)

A new species of the rhyparochromine tribe Lethaeini, Xestocoris tibialis, from Arizona, is described and figured. The lectotype of X. collinus is redescribed. A lectotype of X. nitens is designated and redescribed. New distributional records for X. nitens are provided. A key to the species of Xestocoris and a discussion of phylogenetic relationships with other lethaeine genera are included.
Microstructure–property relationships in a high-strength 51Ni–29Ti–20Hf shape memory alloy

NiTiHf alloys exhibit remarkable shape memory and pseudoelastic properties that are of fundamental interest to a growing number of industries. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal compression tests have revealed that the 51Ni–29Ti–20Hf alloy has useful shape memory properties that include a wide range of transformation temperatures as well as highly stable pseudoelastic behavior. These properties are governed by short-term aging conditions, which may be tailored to control transformation temperatures while giving rise to exceptionally high austenite yield strengths which aid transformation stability. The yield strength of the austenite phase can reach 2.1 GPa by aging for 3 h at 500 °C, while aging for 3 h at 700 °C produced an alloy with an austenite finish temperature (A f ) of 146 °C. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy has revealed a new precipitate phase, H′-phase, under the homogenized and extruded conditions and under the 500 °C-3-h-aged condition, but only the previously identified H-phase precipitate was observed after aging at temperatures of 600 and 700 °C for 3 h. Finally, dislocation analysis indicated that plastic deformation of the austenite phase occurred by 〈100〉 type slip, similar to that observed in binary NiTi.
Sex-specific genetic determinants for arterial stiffness in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats

Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients including myocardial infarction, fatal stroke, cerebral micro-bleeds which predicts cerebral hemorrhage in hypertensive patients, as well as progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive subjects. The association between arterial stiffness and various cardiovascular outcomes (coronary heart disease, stroke) remains after adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index and other known predictors of cardiovascular disease, suggesting that arterial stiffness, measured via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, has a better predictive value than each of these factors. Recent evidence shows that arterial stiffening precedes the onset of high blood pressure; however their molecular genetic relationship (s) and sex-specific determinants remain uncertain. We investigated whether distinct or shared genetic determinants might underlie susceptibility to arterial stiffening in male and female Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Thus, we performed a genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting arterial stiffness in six-week old F2 (Dahl S x R)-intercross male and female rats characterized for abdominal aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic strain by high-resolution ultrasonography. We detected five highly significant QTLs affecting aortic stiffness: two interacting QTLs (AS-m1 on chromosome 4 and AS-m2 on chromosome16, LOD 8.8) in males and two distinct interacting QTLs (AS-f1 on chromosome 9 and AS-f2 on chromosome11, LOD 8.9) in females affecting pulse wave velocity. One QTL (AS-1 on chromosome 3, LOD 4.3) was found to influence aortic strain in a sex-independent manner. None of these arterial stiffness QTLs co-localized with previously reported blood pressure QTLs detected in equivalent genetic intercrosses. These data reveal sex-specific genetic determinants for aortic pulse wave velocity and suggest distinct polygenic susceptibility for arterial stiffness and salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl rats based upon reported blood pressure QTLs in equivalent (Dahl S x R)-intercrosses.
Coordination of an N-Heterocyclic Phosphenium Containing Pincer Ligand to a Co(CO)2 Fragment Allows Oxidation To Form an Unusual N-Heterocyclic Phosphinito Species

A tridentate pincer ligand featuring a central N-heterocyclic phosphenium (NHP+) donor has been coordinated to a Co(CO)2 fragment to generate the Co NHP complex [PPP]Co(CO)2 (2). The NHP unit adopts an unusual pyramidal geometry with a relatively long Co–P distance, suggesting a stereochemically active nonbonding phosphorus lone pair. Interestingly, treatment of 2 with trimethylamine N-oxide affords [P(P═O)P]Co(CO)2 (3), in which the Co-bound central phosphorus donor has been oxidized to an unprecedented N-heterocyclic phosphinito species. The bonding and electronic properties of these complexes are discussed in the context of DFT and NBO computational data.
Epidemiologic characteristics of Ebola virus disease outbreak in Liberia

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of Ebola virus disease( EVD) outbreak in Liberia,evaluate related prevention and control effort,and provide evidence for China's anti EVD aid in West Africa. Methods The incidence data of EVD was collected from the web sites of Liberian ministry of health,WHO and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; and a descriptive epidemiologic analysis was conducted. Results As of 15 March,2015,a total of 9645 EVD cases had been reported in Liberia,including 4252 deaths,the case fatality rate was44%. Among health care workers( HCWs),372 cases,including 180 deaths,were reported,accounting for 39% of HCWs infected with Ebola virus in three West African countries( Liberia,Guinea and Sierra Leone) and 3. 9% of total EVD cases in Liberia. The case fatality rate in HCWs was 48%. The gender specific difference in EVD incidence had no statistical significance. The population was generally susceptible and the EVD incidence in people aged ≥45 years was 3times higher than that in people aged ≤15 years; All the close contacts of EVD cases were tracked. From late March to April 23,2014,the EVD epidemic was temporarily controlled,but in mid-June,the second wave of EVD epidemic occurred,the case number increased exponentially and peaked in September,then declined significantly from midSeptember to mid-December,the incidence of EVD was low,the epidemic tended to be controlled. On 15 March 2015,no case was reported any more. Conclusion The failure in control of EVD epidemic in Liberia might be explained by the fall behind economy,traditional custom,limited prevention and control resources and poor implementation of early prevention and control measures. The lessons learnt from Liberia's EVD prevention and control practice are important forthe prevention and control of emerging and imported communicable diseases in China in the future.
A first-principles approach to half-Heusler thermoelectrics: Accelerated prediction and understanding of material properties

Abstract Half-Heusler alloys are an exciting class of thermoelectric materials that have shown great improvements in the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, during the past 15 years. Many of the key discoveries in half-Heusler alloys have been brought forth by fundamental understandings gained from first-principles investigations. Several methods in particular have recently been used to great effect. Density functional theory provides a framework in which band structure predictions, phase diagrams enabled by cluster expansion methods, and the phase stability of unknown compounds can be calculated. Recent theoretical work, which has led to significant discoveries, has proven half-Heusler alloys to be a versatile and promising class of thermoelectric materials.
Adrenocortical hormone levels during cardiopulmonary bypass with and without pulsatile flow

To determine the effect of hypothermic pulsatile and nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with hemodilution on adrenocortical function we measured plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, aldosterone, and renin in two groups of patients. Group I, comprising 11 patients had routine CPB (nonpulsatile), and Group II, comprising 12 patients, had pulsatile flow during CPB (pulsatile). Both groups demonstrated comparable increases in cortisol, ACTH, and aldosterone with operation. Levels for all three hormones appeared to decline during CPB and then rose again in the post-CPB period. There were no significant differences between groups. Plasma renin activity gradually declined in a comparable manner in both groups. In the post-CPB period, renin activity was slightly-higher in the nonpulsatile group (1.7 ± 0.5 versus 0.8 ± 0.2 ng/ml/hr, p
Pollution or Crime: The Effect of Driving Restrictions on Criminal Activity

Abstract Driving restriction programs have been implemented in many cities around the world to alleviate pollution and congestion problems. Enforcement of such programs is costly and can potentially displace policing resources used for crime prevention and crime detection. Hence, driving restrictions may increase crime. To test this hypothesis, we exploit both temporal and spatial variation in the implementation of Quito, Ecuador's Pico y Placa program, and evaluate its effect on crime. Both difference-in-differences and spatial regression discontinuity estimates provide credible evidence that driving restrictions have increased crime rates.
Pairwise interactions and the battle against combinatorics in multidrug therapies

Drugs are often used in combination to treat bacterial infections, viruses, and cancer. Drug combinations may exhibit increased potency, decreased dosage-related side effects, and even the capacity to slow the emergence of resistance. The increased efficacy imparted by combining drugs—so-called drug “synergy”—has been a topic of fervent interest for decades (1), while recent studies have also highlighted the evolutionary impacts of counteracting (“antagonistic”) combinations (2⇓–4). The spectrum of potential drug–drug interactions is rich and multifaceted, offering the promise of optimized combination therapies tailored to specific treatment objectives (5). Unfortunately, the inherent flexibility of combination therapy also presents a considerable practical hurdle: the number of possible drug combinations grows exponentially with the number of drugs, making exhaustive screening with even a modest number of drugs intractable. In PNAS, Zimmer et al. (6) develop a robust method for predicting the effects of multidrug combinations for microbial infections and cancer, potentially sidestepping the combinatorial explosion that limits systematic design of combination therapies. Comprehensively testing the efficacy of N drugs at D doses requires D N measurements, and this number grows unwieldy for even a modest number of drugs. For example, evaluating a 10-drug combination at 10 doses requires 10 billion measurements (Fig. 1). To put this in perspective, consider that a high-throughput screen capable of evaluating 105 drug combinations per day—a rate on par with some large-scale research facilities—would require more than 270 y to fully characterize all possible drug dosages. In addition to the overwhelming time cost, brute-force approaches are practically limited by the cost of … [↵][1]1Email: kbwood{at}umich.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Smart power flow control in DC distribution systems involving sustainable energy sources

In this paper, a detailed description of a proposed technique for power flow control in DC distribution systems has been presented. The DC system under study is assumed mainly dependent on renewable energy sources. The proposed topology utilizes a controlled series current compensator (CSCC) technique for connection and power flow control among buses. The proposed topology allows full power flow control among different DC buses while keeping the voltage level constant at all of them. Hence, loads connected to these buses will not be affected with the power flow process. Moreover, connection of buses at different voltage level and controlling the power flow can be easily achieved using this topology. The proposed topology reduces the complexity of applying protection schemes as it utilizes isolated DC-DC converter. Simulation results verified the applicability of the proposed topology. Moreover, a prototype system has been designed and built in hardware to examine the performance of the proposed system. The experimental results show the validity of the proposed system as a powerful technique to interconnect DC buses.
Zika virus produces noncoding RNAs using a multi-pseudoknot structure that confounds a cellular exonuclease

The outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) and associated fetal microcephaly mandates efforts to understand the molecular processes of infection. Related flaviviruses produce noncoding subgenomic flaviviral RNAs (sfRNAs) that are linked to pathogenicity in fetal mice. These viruses make sfRNAs by co-opting a cellular exonuclease via structured RNAs called xrRNAs. We found that ZIKV-infected monkey and human epithelial cells, mouse neurons, and mosquito cells produce sfRNAs. The RNA structure that is responsible for ZIKV sfRNA production forms a complex fold that is likely found in many pathogenic flaviviruses. Mutations that disrupt the structure affect exonuclease resistance in vitro and sfRNA formation during infection. The complete ZIKV xrRNA structure clarifies the mechanism of exonuclease resistance and identifies features that may modulate function in diverse flaviviruses.
Imagining futures: A collaborative policy/device design for wearable computing

Abstract The rapidly expanding market for wearable computing devices (wearables), driven by advances in information and communication technologies (ICT), wireless access, and public acceptance of a design aesthetic, is indicative of the near limitless potential for changing the relationship of users to information context(s). As the adoption of wearable devices spreads, there are cultural and social impacts that represent both barriers and opportunities, with subsequent policy ramifications. All too often designers, technologists, and policymakers operate independently developing products that are out of sync, lack interoperability, or are hindered by well meaning, but obstructive policy. This paper proposes a futures-based, iterative policy-informed design framework for developing wearable devices that guides interdisciplinary collaborators early in the process of designing a research & development plan. This approach allows for the development of “images of the future” through which various potential implications and effects of device design in social, technological, and regulatory contexts can be explored.
Deciphering cancer biology using boolean methods

Boolean implications (if-then rules) provide a conceptually simple, uniform and highly scalable way to find associations between pairs of random variables. In this paper, we describe how Boolean implications can be derived from large, heterogeneous cancer data sets. We demonstrate two applications of Boolean implications to discover new actionable insights in cancer biology.
Fixing Incontestability: The Next Frontier?

Incontestability is a nearly unique feature of American trademark law, with a unique American implementation. The concept of incontestability allows a trademark registrant to overcome arguments that a symbol is merely descriptive of features or qualities of the registrant’s goods or services—for example, “Juicy” for apples. Incontestability provides a nearly irrebuttable presumption of trademark meaning, which is a powerful tool for trademark owners. Unfortunately, incontestability is not granted as carefully as its power would counsel. Courts may misunderstand either the prerequisites for, or the meaning of incontestability, allowing trademark claimants to assert rights that they don’t actually have. Incontestability needs clearer signals about what it is and when it is available. In the absence of serious substantive examination of incontestability at the PTO—which seems unlikely to materialize any time soon—changes designed to increase the salience of incontestability’s requirements to filers and to courts could provide some protection against wrongful assertions. Incontestability can only serve the trademark system if it is granted properly and consistently.
The changing economic structure of the maritime industry and its adverse effects on seafarers' health care rights.

Background: This review seeks to understand whether and how seafarers can exercise their human right to health care and the factors that facilitate or impede that exercise. The general focus is on a critical policy analysis of labour policies from the mid-twentieth century through today, with a specific focus on how Filipino seafarers access their health care rights. Materials and methods: The methodology includes a critical policy analysis of seafaring, focusing on mid-twentieth century political shifts in the recognition and regulation of health care rights. The analysis of international and United States policy provides the backbone for understanding the health care experiences of seafarers by laying the ideological, theoretical, and political foundations of labour rights and precarious employment. Results: Policy analysis shows that there are numerous laws, regulations, and human rights norms that have been established to protect seafarers, but uncertain and limited recourse to lay claim to such laws, regulations, and norms while at sea. Lack of recourse to policies and regulations, taken together with the changed conditions of labour and worker protections through technology and neoliberal policies, create the conditions that may increase the health inequity among seafarers’. Conclusions: Health policy discussions in the United States and internationally must not solely focus on the health of seafarers as an interruption to travel and trade, but policy makers should consider that their decisions may contribute to how seafarers can exercise their rights to health care. In this context, health is more than disease and access to care — economic and governance structures come to not only matter, but play an integral role in the facilitation or impediment of health care and to the health arrangements/conditions of workers.
IoT Security: What’s Plan B?

Securing the IoT is now a matter of public safety. But without government intervention, the IoT will remain dangerously insecure.
Queer Pedagogy and Documenting AIDS

This chapter engages the centrality of AIDS in the history of queerness. The emergence of AIDS parallels the development of queer theory. Queer theory, born at the crossroads of street and academic activism, had a stake in articulating queer survival. This history is slowly being lost in the ongoing process of normalization and gentrification. Yet, in the 2010s, Greteman illustrates that there has been a growth in attention to the history of AIDS, particularly via documentaries that have emerged to document and revive the voices of our recent, but dead past. Drawing on the pedagogical force of documentaries to transmit histories, this chapter argues for the centrality of AIDS in becoming queer.
Maternal Behavior and Socioeconomic Status Predict Longitudinal Changes in Error-Related Negativity in Preschoolers.

The development self-regulation has been called a primary task of childhood. One system of self-regulation, self-monitoring, is indexed at the level of neural activity as early as preschool as the error-related negativity (ERN). However, how context elicits developmental changes in neural processes of self-monitoring like the ERN is not well understood. Here, socioeconomic status (SES) and parenting were tested as environmental influences on ERN development between ages 3 and 4 (N = 119). Results showed the expected increases in ERN between ages 3 and 4 only when both maternal sensitivity and SES were high. This work demonstrates the importance of considering the early environment in order to understand the development of a neural process supporting self-regulation in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Criminal Acts, Reasonable Expectation of Privacy, and the Private/Public Split

I argue in this chapter that it may not be reasonable for a person committing a criminal act to expect privacy in relation to the act. This is not because the person’s reasonable expectation of privacy or right to privacy in this case is defeated by some other considerations. My point is that she does not have legitimate interests to be served by having control of access to information in relation to the crime. Nor is there such a thing as a zone of privacy in a fundamental sense that covers her claim to privacy in relation to the criminal act simply because it takes place in that zone. However, I argue that a criminal does have reasonable expectation of privacy in a derivative way because of our concerns about unfettered discretion to be exercised by the government. My skeptical argument echoes some feminist critiques of the right to privacy but does not disparage such a right entirely. I argue that there is nevertheless a gender disparity in the social costs of privacy rights.
Does Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure Increase Airways Responsiveness

A number of reports have suggested that exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may cause increased airways responsiveness (AR). Twenty studies of asthmatics and five studies of healthy subjects exposed to NO2 were used to test this hypothesis using a simple method of meta-analysis. Individual data were obtained for the above studies and the direction of change in AR was determined for each subject. Only studies with available individual data were used. Subjects from these studies whose directional change in AR could not be determined were excluded. The fraction of positive responses (i.e. increased AR) was determined for all subjects within a group and tested for significance using a sign test. Data were also grouped according to NO2 concentration and by whether the exposure included exercise. There was an overall trend among asthmatics for AR to increase (60%) but this was primarily due to increased AR seen in resting exposures (70%). Among healthy subjects AR also increased with NO2 exposure but only at concentrations above 1.0 ppm. This analysis suggests that NO2 exposure causes increased airway responsiveness in healthy and asthmatic subjects but that exercise during exposure may modify this response in asthmatics.
Locating Emergent Appearance

Contemporary studies of imagination tend to go off track because of two inveterate presuppositions and a problematic attitude. One presupposition, a heritage of Romanticism, is that imagination is the power of creativity; the other is that the prototypical case of imagining is calling to mind and holding there a visual image of something absent. If imagination can be creative, it can also be banal, routine, and conventional, and an adequate theory must come to terms with this. The second presupposition, imagination as visualization without a real object, is as old as inquiry into imagination. Its shortcoming is that it leads to treating imagination as a feeble cognitive function and confusing it with memory. The problematic attitude is “antipsychologism,” a tendency that has strongly influenced philosophers and psychologists for more than a century. Antipsychologism avoids investigating, and sometimes categorically denies the existence of, private psychological powers and events that appear to resist objectification by scientific methods. Recent psychological experiments (which might easily have been performed a century ago) have shown that verifiable investigation is possible here. More fundamental, however, is that imagination is a power of emergent and mobile appearance rather than finished cognition, and in that sense even memory and cognition are dependent on it. By experimenting with other modes of imagining than the visual, especially smell and hearing, the reader can see that, and how, such presuppositions and attitudes have produced a misidentification of the most basic phenomena of imagining.
Measuring squid fishery governance efficacy: A social-ecological system analysis

As finfish fisheries increasingly shrink due to overexploitation, management and industry have shifted their attention to the world’s squid fisheries. The emergence of squid fisheries in the global seafood market calls for well-designed and effective management strategies if they are to remain viable. This study assesses the efficacy of squid governance from a social-ecological perspective in three fisheries. This analysis uses an evidence-based approach to characterize the social-ecological system variables that contribute to each fishery management system meeting its stated goals. To do so, I test the hypothesis that the presence of the ten institutional design principles formulated by common pool resource theory leads to more effective squid fishery management. I measure five outcome variables (governance system effect, commons condition trend, basin switch, user group well-being, compliance) to assess governance effectiveness from social and ecological perspectives. This is the first attempt to examine the design principles and operationalize Ostrom’s Social-Ecological System framework to compare globally competitive squid fisheries. Results indicate that each of the three analyzed squid governance systems has met its specified management goals and is associated with positive social and ecological outcomes. Using the Socio-Ecological Systems Meta-Analysis Database (SESMAD), I used secondary data supplemented with semi-structured interviews with key informants to find a strong presence of the design principles in each case. Findings suggest effective squid governance is associated with user-involvement in system operations and contextually appropriate policies, rather than a single overarching squid based strategy.
Forecasting Solar Power Ramp Events Using Machine Learning Classification Techniques

The growing integration level of wind and solar energy resources introduces new challenges for the reliable operation of the electric grid. Tasks such as managing high ramp-rates of renewable generation, optimal energy management of energy storage systems, and voltage regulator settings on feeders with distributed generation, may be improved with the availability of solar power forecasts, especially those with accurate ramp event prediction. This paper presents classification techniques to classify and forecast the solar power ramp events. A case study over an entire year is conducted and several evaluation metrics are considered to assess the performance of the classification models of solar power ramp event forecasts.
Abstract TMP14: Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Prior History of Intracranial Hemorrhage

Introduction: The recently updated FDA label for intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) for stroke removed a history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) as a contraindication. T...
Detection Rates for Benign and Malignant Diagnoses on Breast Cancer Screening With Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in a Statewide Mammography Registry Study.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine whether detection rates of specific benign and malignant diagnoses differ for breast cancer screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) ...
The Study of World Politics: Volume 2: Globalization and Governance

James Rosenau’s work is known for its originality and clarity and the sixteen articles in this new volume are no exception. Tackling the specific challenges posed by globalization and governance, this book covers four key areas: the challenge – tensions, contradictions, outcomes and global affairs the profession – community, globalized space and international relations globalization – complexities, contradictions and theory governance – understanding and future The Study of World Politics presents the thinking of one of the most innovative scholars in the last half century. The subjects addressed provide the big picture, whilst also being meticulous in detail. This new book gives the reader an unparalleled understanding of globalization and governance and is an invaluable tool to students and scholars of politics and world affairs alike.
Evaluating temperature-insensitive Design Strategies for a TM mode Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

We model the feasibility of applying existing athermal design strategies on a TM mode Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for temperature insensitive operation. The evaluation of all the design strategies is carried out considering a standard Silicon on Insulator platform with a core thickness of 220 nm.
Effects of 10 yr of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on carbon and nutrient cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh

Tidal freshwater marshes can protect downstream ecosystems from eutrophication by intercepting excess nutrient loads, but recent studies in salt marshes suggest nutrient loading compromises their structural and functional integrity. Here, we present data on changes in plant biomass, microbial biomass and activity, and soil chemistry from plots in a tidal freshwater marsh on the Altamaha River (GA) fertilized for 10 yr with nitrogen (+N), phosphorus (+P), or nitrogen and phosphorus (+NP). Nitrogen alone doubled aboveground biomass and enhanced microbial activity, specifically rates of potential nitrification, denitrification, and methane production measured in laboratory incubations. Phosphorus alone increased soil P and doubled microbial biomass but did not affect microbial processes. Nitrogen or P alone decreased belowground biomass and soil carbon (C) whereas +NP increased aboveground biomass, microbial biomass and N cycling, and N, P, and C assimilation and burial more than either nutrient alone. Our findings suggest differential nutrient limitation of tidal freshwater macrophytes by N and microbes by P, similar to what has been observed in salt marshes. Macrophytes outcompete microbes for P in response to long-term N and P additions, leading to increased soil C storage through increased inputs of belowground biomass relative to N and P added singly. The susceptibility of tidal freshwater marshes to long-term nutrient enrichment and, hence their ability to mitigate eutrophication will depend on the quantity and relative proportion of N vs. P entering estuaries and tidal wetlands.
Creating Common Ground: A framework for promoting interdisciplinarity

Growing from an invited workshop on interdisciplinary learning the authors led at their institution’s annual faculty retreat, this manuscript offers a framework for encouraging faculty from diverse disciplines to consider and evaluate their teaching, scholarship, and service in interdisciplinary ways. In this paper, we present an application of a process that integrates Repko’s (2008) suggested criteria for interdisciplinarians, Doran, Miller, and Cunningham’s (1981) conceptualization of S.M.A.R.T. goals, and McCoy and Gardner’s (2012) five key social structural components, in order to further cultivate faculty members' identities as interdisciplinarians. We conclude by summarizing participants’ comments in order to offer concrete examples of how the workshop yielded specific action plans for faculty members’ own interdisciplinarity within their teaching, research, and service activities. Taken together, this process challenges the traditional “silos” of academic work to help faculty reach across disciplinary boundaries. As such, this framework provides a roadmap for faculty and institutions interested in purposefully and meaningfully facilitating interdisciplinarity across a variety of academic settings.
Do obese adults have a higher risk of asthma attack when exposed to indoor mold? A study based on the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Objective. Some studies show an association between asthma and obesity, but it is unknown whether exposure to mold will increase the risk of asthma attacks among obese people. This study examined whether obese adults have a higher risk of asthma attacks than non-obese adults when exposed to indoor mold. Methods. We used data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to conduct a cross-sectional analysis among 9,668 respondents who reported exposure to indoor mold. Results. With exposure to indoor mold, weighted prevalence of asthma attacks among obese respondents was 11.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0, 20.6], which was 2.3 times as high as among the exposed non-obese respondents (5.0%, 95% CI 2.8, 8.8). This ratio was almost the same as the ratio of 2.0:1 between the obese respondents (5.7%, 95% CI 4.6, 7.2) and the non-obese respondents (2.8%, 95% CI 2.3, 3.9) when neither group had exposure to mold. The odds ratio of asthma attack among obese people was 3.10 (95% CI 1.10, 8.67) for those with exposure to mold and 2.21 (95% CI 1.54, 3.17) for those without exposure to mold after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Conclusion. Our study suggests that obese adults who have been exposed to indoor mold may not necessarily have a higher risk of asthma attack than obese adults who have not been exposed, even though obesity and exposure to indoor mold are both major risk factors for asthma attack. Medical professionals should not only incorporate weight-control or weight-reduction measures as the components of asthma treatment plans, but also advise asthma patients to avoid exposure to indoor mold.
Spatial structure and pathogen epidemics: the influence of management and stochasticity in agroecosystems

O_LIOrganisms susceptible to disease, from humans to crops, inevitably have spatial geometry that influence disease dynamics. Understanding how spatial structure emerges through time in ecological systems and how that structure influences disease dynamics is of practical importance for natural and human management systems. Here we use the annual crop, coffee, Coffea arabica, along with its pathogen, the coffee leaf rust, Haemelia vastatrix, as a model system to understand how spatial structure is created in agroecosystems and its subsequent influence on the dynamics of the system. C_LIO_LIHere, we create a simple null model of the socio-ecological process of death and stochastic replanting of coffee plants on a plot. We then use spatial networks to quantify the spatial structures and make comparisons of our stochastic null model to empirically observed spatial distributions of coffee. We then present a simple model of pathogen spread on spatial networks across a range of spatial geometries emerging from our null model and show how both local and regional management of agroecosystems interact with space and time to alter disease dynamics. C_LIO_LIOur results suggest that our null model of evolving spatial structure can capture many critical features of how the spatial arrangement of plants changes through time in coffee agroecosystems. Additionally, we find that small changes in management practices that influence the scale of pathogen transmission, such as shade tree removal, can result in a rapid transition to epidemics with lattice-like spatial arrangements but not irregular planting geometries. C_LIO_LIThe results presented here may have practical implications for farmers in Latin America who are in the process of replanting and overhauling management of their coffee farms in response to a coffee leaf rust epidemic in 2013. We suggest that shade reduction in conjunction with more lattice-like planting schemes may result in coffee being more prone to epidemic-like dynamics of the coffee leaf rust in the future. C_LI
Development of test methods to characterize the shrinkage properties of cementitiously stabilized materials

Abstract Shrinkage cracking of cementitiously stabilized layers (CSL) causes distresses in a pavement structure and decreases the pavement’s service life. Thus it is important to develop methods that can characterize properties of cementitiously stabilized materials (CSM) that lead to shrinkage cracking. Limited test methods are available to characterize the shrinkage behaviour of CSM. Shrinkage of CSM consists mainly of free drying shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, and thermal shrinkage. This study developed new test methods that characterize these shrinkage properties of CSM and quantify the contribution of each of them to the shrinkage of CSM. The test methods were evaluated in the laboratory on both heavily and lightly stabilized materials and were found to be effective in quantifying the shrinkage behaviour of CSM. Results also showed that autogenous shrinkage strain is relatively small when compared with drying and thermal shrinkage. The temperature cycling test is effective in measuring the coefficient of thermal expansion of the CSM and can separate the thermal shrinkage from drying and autogenous shrinkage during a test.
Decreasing Interstage Mortality After the Norwood Procedure: A 30‐Year Experience

Background The superior cavo‐pulmonary connection was introduced at our institution in 1988 for infants undergoing surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Patients with hypoplastic left heart ...
Oxidative Stress in Cytokine-Induced Dysfunction of the Pancreatic Beta Cell: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns

Compelling evidence from earlier studies suggests that the pancreatic beta cell is inherently weak in its antioxidant defense mechanisms to face the burden of protecting itself against the increased intracellular oxidative stress following exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. Recent evidence implicates novel roles for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Noxs) as contributors to the excessive intracellular oxidative stress and damage under metabolic stress conditions. This review highlights the existing evidence on the regulatory roles of at least three forms of Noxs, namely Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4, in the cascade of events leading to islet beta cell dysfunction, specifically under the duress of chronic exposure to cytokines. Potential crosstalk between key signaling pathways (e.g., inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and Noxs) in the generation and propagation of reactive molecules and metabolites leading to mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis is discussed. Available data accrued in investigations involving small-molecule inhibitors and antioxidant protein expression methods as tools toward the prevention of cytokine-induced oxidative damage are reviewed. Lastly, current knowledge gaps in this field, and possible avenues for future research are highlighted.
Differences in Public Support for Gun Policies Between Women and Men.

Introduction This study examines whether differences exist by sex in support for specific gun policies aimed at reducing gun violence. Methods Investigators combined 2 waves of the National Survey of Gun Policy administered in January 2017 and January 2019. Data were analyzed in 2020. Opinions on 21 gun policies were examined. Respondents rated their support on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly favor to strongly oppose. Somewhat favor and strongly favor were combined to create a dichotomous measure to indicate the proportion in favor of each policy. Respondents were categorized by their answer on the demographic profile as male or female and whether they personally owned a gun. Results Women had higher levels of support than men for 20 of 21 policies, with 7 policies having a ≥10 percentage point difference in support. Differences in support between women and men who own guns were less pronounced. Only 3 of 21 policies had a ≥10 percentage point difference in support. Among women and men who do not personally own guns, 4 of 21 policies had a ≥10 percentage point difference in support. Conclusions This survey is the first to explore differences in public support for specific gun policies between women and men. Policy support was substantially higher among women than men and higher among gun owners who are women compared with men. These findings provide important context for understanding differences in public opinion and suggest the need to tailor messages that will resonate within demographic groups.