cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anionic Conductivity in Halogen‐Containing Lead Silicate Glasses

The existence of anionic conductivity in halogen-containing lead silicate glasses was proved by Tubandt tests and electron microprobe examinations. Direct-current volume resistivities, loss tangents, and dielectric constants are reported for analogous glasses containing F−, Cl−, Br−, and I− and compared to those of the parent glass. The densities of the materials do not correlate with the dielectric-constant data.
Solvent effects in thermodynamically controlled multicomponent nanocage syntheses.

The solvent effects on the condensation reaction between tetraformylcavitand 2 and ethylene-1,2-diamine 3 are reported. Earlier, it was found that the trifluoroacetic acid-catalyzed condensation of 2 and 2 equiv of 3 in CHCl3 provides in 82% yield an octahedral nanocage 1 composed of 6 cavitands that are linked together by 12 −CHN−CH2CH2−NCH− linker groups (Liu, X.; Liu, Y.; Li, G.; Warmuth, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 901). In tetrahydrofuran, the same reactants yield a tetrameric nanocage 4 (35% yield), which resembles a distorted tetrahedron built up from four cavitands that occupy the apexes. Each cavitand is doubly linked to one other cavitand and singly linked to the other two cavitands via −CHN−CH2CH2NCH− connectors. In CH2Cl2, the reaction between 8 2 and 16 3 yields a square antiprismatic nanocage 5 (65% yield), in which each cavitand occupies one of the eight corners and is connected to four neighboring cavitands via −CHN−CH2CH2−NCH− linkers. Nanocage 5 is also the main product in CH2ClC...
Breeding for lipid and amino acid composition in sunflower

It may be possible to modify fatty acid composition of sunflower oil by appropriate breeding methods. Data are inadequate to judge the possibility of changing the amino acid composition of sunflower protein by breeding.
Teachers’ Expectancy and Efficacy as Correlates of School Achievement in Delta, Mississippi

This study explored the relationship between school achievement levels and teachers’ expectations, locus of control and efficacy in four elementary schools in Delta, Mississippi in keeping with the self-fulfilling prophecy theory. Data from surveys of 102 teachers, five focus groups, observations, and secondary information on teachers’ grading pattern were used. Analyses using t-tests and multiple linear regressions revealed that teachers in high achieving schools tended to exhibit an internal locus of control and base their expectancies on students’ abilities rather than personal characteristics. School achievement level was found to be the only significant predictor indicating that high achieving schools had a culture of higher expectations that affected teachers’ perceptions, motivations, and grading pattern. These findings are substantiated by qualitative assessments.
Progress in PEMFC MEA Component R&D at the DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Program

The U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program supports research and development (R&D) of fuel cells and fuel cell systems for stationary, portable and transportation applications. The Program maintains a diverse portfolio of R&D projects aimed at reducing cost and improving durability of fuel cell systems, with an overarching goal of enabling fuel cell technology to compete with alternative technologies in the marketplace. This paper describes the Program's recent activities and progress in development of catalysts, membranes and membrane electrode assemblies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
Effects of vocal and instrumental music on visuospatial and verbal performance as moderated by studying preference and personality

Abstract Cognitive performance as a function of 75 dB vocal or instrumental music was investigated in 61 university students. Three timed visuospatial and verbal tests were used. Vocal music disrupted performance significantly more than instrumental music on the Maze Tracing Speed (scanning speed) and Deciphering of Languages (logical reasoning) tests. Both vocal music and instrumental music disturbed performance more than no music on the Object-Number Test (associative learning and long-term memory), but this was moderated by studying preference. On the Object-Number Test those who typically did not study with music showed deterioration across conditions (no music > instrumental > vocal), while those who typically studied with music performed no better in the no music condition than either music condition. Extraversion was not a significant covariate of performance. In comparison to those who did not study with music, subjects who typically studied with music were more extraverted as assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, reported greater skills in focusing attention during distracting situations on the Differential Attentional Processes Inventory, and reported less sensitivity to noise in general on the Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale.
A Temperature Variation Method to Assist in Vibrational Analyses of Complex Molecular Spectra

A temperature variation method of determining the initial (lower) vibrational levels of the absorption bands of an electronic band system of a polyatomic molecule is presented. The determination is made from photometric measurements of the absorption at two temperatures not widely separated. Such absorption tube lengths are used that the absorption is everywhere much less than 100 percent in the bands to be studied. That variations in total absorption for a band may be measurable, the method is restricted to spectra in which the rotation lines are fairly broad compared with the intervals between them or else are very closely spaced. In such cases the rotational structure is blotted out on the photographic plate by the lack of resolution of the spectrograph and the exponential absorption law may be assumed in comparing absorption intensities at the two temperatures. A criterion is laid down for the applicability of the method in any instance. An equation is developed to give the heights (in ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) of the excited vibrational levels of the normal electronic state involved in the various transitions, above that of some arbitrarily selected band of a group, as follows: ${log}_{10\frac{\ensuremath{\rho}b}{\ensuremath{\rho}a}}=\ensuremath{-}0.623\left(\frac{1}{{T}_{2}}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{{T}_{1}}\right) {({G}_{b}\ensuremath{-}{G}_{a})}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}.$ The determination of the heights ${({G}_{b}\ensuremath{-}{G}_{a})}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ in ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ comes from the two absolute temperatures and the ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\rho}b}{\ensuremath{\rho}a}$ of the heights of the absorption peaks on the two micro-photometer traces.
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic separation of basic enantiomers using octakis(2,3‐O‐dimethyl‐6‐O‐sulfo)‐γ‐cyclodextrin, a new, single‐isomer chiral resolving agent

The enantiomers of 34 pharmaceutical weak-base analytes were separated by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in acidic methanol background electrolytes using the sodium salt of the new, single-isomer chiral resolving agent, octakis(2,3-O-dimethyl-6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin (ODMS). The effective mobilities, separation selectivities and peak resolution values of the weak-base analytes were determined as a function of the ODMS concentration in the 0-40 mM range and were found to follow the theoretical predictions of the charged resolving agent migration model (CHARM model) modified for ionic strength effects. Fast, efficient separations were achieved for both comparatively small and large enantiomers.
Unequal meiotic recombination within tandem arrays of yeast ribosomal DNA genes.

Summary Recombinant DNA procedures and the yeast transformation technique were used to insert the yeast gene LEU 2 (coding for β -isopropylmalate dehydrogenase) into the tandem array of ribosomal DNA genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These insertions were shown by genetic and physical techniques to be unstable in meiosis. The meiotic instability was found to be the result of a high level of unequal recombination between ribosomal DNA gene clusters located on sister chromatids.
Design Strategies for Shape-Persistent Covalent Organic Polyhedrons (COPs) through Imine Condensation/Metathesis

A series of dialdehyde compounds were synthesized and reacted with the complementary triamines (either planar or pyramidal with a 109.5° vertex) in a 3:2 ratio to explore the structural requirements on the building blocks for the successful construction of shape-persistent, covalent organic polyhedrons (COPs). Structural variations in the building blocks included the distance and angle between the two reactive sites (aldehyde or amine functional groups) and the absence/presence of solubilizing chains. Computer modeling was utilized to determine and compare the thermodynamic stabilities of some of these COP structures. Furthermore, gas adsorption studies were performed to explore the potential of these molecular cages for gas separation, particularly carbon capture, applications.
A heuristic algorithm for minimax sensor location in the plane

This paper addresses the problem of locating a finite number of sensors to detect an event in a given planar region. The objective is to minimize the maximum probability of non-detection where the underlying region consists of a convex polygon. The sensor location problem has a multitude of applications, including the location of aircraft detection sensors, the placement of sentries along a border to detect enemy penetration, the detection of nuclear tests, and the detection of natural and hazardous man-made events. The problem is a difficult nonlinear nonconvex programming problem even in the case of two sensors. A fast heuristic based on Voronoi polygons is developed in this paper. The algorithm can quickly generate high-quality solutions. Computational experience is provided.
Assuring quality and access in advanced practice nursing: A challenge to nurse educators

Abstract In an environment characterized by a projected oversupply of primary care providers and a public seeking higher quality, cost-effective care, advanced practice nurses will be measured not only by their comparative value in delivering conventional primary care, but also by the uniqueness of their contributions to health outcomes. These value-added skills, distinctive to nursing practice at all levels, include health education, disease prevention, health promotion, community resource access, and partnerships with patients. Government, private payors, and national and state regulators all authorize increasingly independent practice by advanced practice nurses. When advanced practice nurses assume such fully accountable primary care roles, their title and certification should be distinctive to that level of practice. A Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree would signal to the public that nurses—at their highest practice competency—are at the same level as other health professionals holding doctorates (such as MD, DDS, or PharmD). J Prof Nurs 16:322-329, 2000.
Geographic distribution of the bathypelagic genus paraeuchaeta (Copepoda, Calanoida)

The geographic distribution of the bathypelagic calanoid genus Paraeuchaeta was investigated by examining midwater trawl and plankton net samples collected mostly from depths exceeding 1000 m throughout the world’s oceans. Of the 81 species referred to Paraeuchaeta,the geographic ranges of about 50 species could be defined with reasonable certainty. Contrary to early authors, the number of species having a worldwide distribution was surprisingly small (12 species or 15% of the 81 species of the genus) as compared to common species endemic to various geographic regions (34 species or 42% of the total of 81). Almost twice as many species were found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean as in either the Atlantic or the Southern Ocean. Faunistically, the northern Atlantic, mid-Atlantic, northern Pacific, East Pacific, Indo-West Pacific, and Southern Ocean were distinct in terms of endemic species. A number of species were found to be endemic to highly productive areas, where they were usually very abundant. Rare species, on the other hand, were generally found to be widely distributed, although some were too rare for their range to be determined with certainty. To explain these findings, the following hypothesis is proposed: Bathypelagic calanoids endemic to and abundant in eutrophic areas are those adapted to eutrophic conditions of their habitats and therefore cannot expand their ranges into contiguous oligotrophic waters even if the other environmental conditions are favorable. Other species, on the other hand, generally have extensive geographic ranges because of their survival ability in widely expanding oligotrophic conditions and the absence of physicochemical barriers at bathypelagic depths of the world’s oceans.
Feedback inhibition by deoxyribonucleosides of aspartate transcarbamylase activity in liver preparations

Abstract Aspartate transcarbamylase from rat liver was inhibited by UMP and 5-bromouridine. Uracil, uridine, cytosine, cytidine, 5-fluorouracil, and 5-fluoroUMP were either non-inhibitory or only slightly inhibitory. The deoxyribonucleosides manifested a greater inhibitory activity than the corresponding ribonucleoside. The most potent of the former compounds were 2′-deoxyuridine, 2′-deUMP, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, thymidine, 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine and TMP. The corresponding cytosine derivatives were generally weaker than the uracil compounds as feedback inhibitors. The inhibition of this enzyme by thymidine and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine was demonstrated to be competitive with aspartate. The implications of this feedback inhibition are discussed.
Characterization of the biologic activities of a recombinant human zona pellucida protein 3 expressed in human ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1) cells.

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to clone and express a recombinant human zona pellucida protein 3 and to characterize its biologic activities as a sperm ligand and an inducer of the acrosome reaction. Study Design: Human ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1) cells were transfected with an expression vector containing human zona pellucida protein 3 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid with a sequence coding for a 6-histidine tail introduced into its 3′ end. Purification of the secreted glycoprotein was performed by sequential affinity (lectin and nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid) and ion-exchange chromatography. Results: Western blot analysis confirmed a molecular weight of approximately 65 kd for the purified product. A cell-free translation system revealed a correctly sized protein backbone of 47 kd. The recombinant human zona pellucida protein 3 demonstrated specific, potent, and dose-dependent competitive inhibition of sperm–zona pellucida binding in vitro under hemizona assay conditions. Recombinant human zona pellucida protein 3 also stimulated the acrosome reaction of live sperm. This effect was fast, dose dependent, and capacitation time dependent. Furthermore, advance incubation with pertussis toxin, an inactivator of heterotrimeric G proteins, blocked recombinant human zona pellucida protein 3–induced acrosomal exocytosis. Conclusion: The recombinant human zona pellucida protein 3 expressed in PA-1 cells manifested the full spectrum of expected biologic activities. It therefore represents a valuable tool for examination of human fertilization and the design of new strategies in diagnosis of male factor infertility and in contraception. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:835-44.)
The Structural Strains of China's Socio-legal System: a Transition to Formal Legalism?

L'A. etudie le controle social en Chine. Il montre que celui-ci a ete influence par l'ouverture a l'economie de marche. Celle-ci a provoque la floraison d'une multitude de textes juridiques. Il estime que la Chine n'est pas prete sur le plan des infrastructures a la mise en place d'un legalisme formel parce que ses institutions de controle social n'ont pas ete reformees dans le meme sens. Ils examinent le systeme de controle socio-legal en Chine, son histoire, ses infrastructures et enfin l'origine du pouvoir socio-legal dans ce pays
Ovarian teratoma with peritoneal and lymph node metastases of mature glial tissue: A benign condition

The presence of widespread intraperitoneal metastases in patients with ovarian tumors usually indicates advanced disease. However, this is not always the case. A rare type of ovarian tumor, ie, mature solid teratoma, may be associated with intraabdominal metastases of mature glial tissue (gliomatosis peritonei). In spite of such metastases, the prognosis in patients with this tumor is excellent, regardless of the mode of therapy. In these patients radical surgical treatment, eg, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, is unnecessarily destructive, and therapy for the metastases is not required.
Thermoelectric transport parameters of AuFe

Abstract Measurements of the electric resistivity, the static and the isoelectric thermopower1 of the Kondo system Au Fe between 0.02–7 K are reported. They are analyzed using analytic expressions for the transport parameters to extract theoretical parameters for this Kondo system.
Amphiregulin Exosomes Increase Cancer Cell Invasion

Autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine are recognized modes of action for mammalian EGFR ligands including EGF, TGF-α (TGFα), amphiregulin (AREG), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), betacellulin, epiregulin, and epigen. We identify a new mode of EGFR ligand signaling via exosomes. Human breast and colorectal cancer cells release exosomes containing full-length, signaling-competent EGFR ligands. Exosomes isolated from MDCK cells expressing individual full-length EGFR ligands displayed differential activities; AREG exosomes increased invasiveness of recipient breast cancer cells 4-fold over TGFα or HB-EGF exosomes and 5-fold over equivalent amounts of recombinant AREG. Exosomal AREG displayed significantly greater membrane stability than TGFα or HB-EGF. An average of 24 AREG molecules are packaged within an individual exosome, and AREG exosomes are rapidly internalized by recipient cells. Whether the composition and behavior of exosomes differ between nontransformed and transformed cells is unknown. Exosomes from DLD-1 colon cancer cells with a mutant KRAS allele exhibited both higher AREG levels and greater invasive potential than exosomes from isogenically matched, nontransformed cells in which mutant KRAS was eliminated by homologous recombination. We speculate that EGFR ligand signaling via exosomes might contribute to diverse cancer phenomena such as field effect and priming of the metastatic niche.
Molecular calculations with the VRDDO, MODPOT and MODPOT/VRDDO procedures. MODPOT/SCF + CI calculations to determine electron affinities of alkali metal atoms

Abstract Self-consistent field model potential (MODPOT/SCF) and model potential configuration interaction (MODPOT/CI) calculations have been carried out on the Li, Na and K atoms and on the Li − , Na − and K − anions. Only the valence electrons were considered explicity. The effect of the core electrons was taken into account by the use of a model potential (MODPOT) hamiltonian of the form similar to that proposed by Bonifacic and Huzinaga except that in this case we do not use a screened nuclear attraction term that is a function of the distance from the nucleus. We assume, instead, that the core electrons completely screen the atomic nucleus under consideration, thereby reducing the nuclear charge seen by the valence electrons from Z to Z - n C . The electron affinities were computed as the difference in calculated total energies between M − and M. Our calculated MODPOT/CI values are in excellent agreement with the exeperimental electron affinities. The results indicate that the MODPOT/CI method shows considerable promise for being able to calculate accurately the electron affinities of species containing medium and heavy atoms.
Effects of octylglucoside and triton X-100 on the kinetics and specificity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase.

The effects of octylglucoside on the substrate specificity, kinetics and aggregation state of purified carnitine palmitoyltrasferase (CPT) from beef heart mitochondria were investigated and compared to the effects of Triton X-100. Conditions in which CPT can be assayed in the absence of micelles and albumin, thereby eliminating miceller effects on the kinetic parameters, are described. When octylglucoside is substituted for Triton X-100, the specificity of CPT in the forward direction shifts towards the long-chain acyl-CoAs, and large changes in the kinetic constants are observed. The K0.5 for L-carnitine varied as much as 50-fold, depending on the acyl-CoA and detergent used. At pH 8.0 and 200 μM palmitoyl-CoA, the K0.5 for L-carnitine is 4.9 mM in 12 mM octylglucoside and 0.2 mM in 0.1% Triton X-100. Octylglucoside enhances the activity of CPT with long-chain acyl-CoA and lowers the K0.5 for these substrates. At pH 6.0, the K0.5 for palmitoyl-CoA is 24.2 μM in 0.1% Triton X-100, in contrast to 3.1 μM in 12 mM octylglucoside. Octylglucoside is a competitive inhibitor of CPT with octanoyl-CoA as substrate with a Ki of 15 mM. Nonlinear kinetics for both acyl-CoAs and L-carnitine are observed when the concentration of octylglucoside is reduced to less than half of its critical micellar concentration (cmc). Gel filtration of CPT in octylglucoside below its cmc gives a single protein peak with a molecular mass of ca. 660,000 daltons. These data indicate that the catalytically active form of purified CPT is an aggregate that has quaternary structure and must have a very flexible catalytic site whose affinity for substrate and catalytic efficiency can be altered greatly by changes in environment and experimental conditions.
Ab initio characterization of ring-opening H-transfer in ionized cyclopentanone: Similarity to ion-neutral complex-mediated alkane eliminations

Ab initio procedures were used to characterize the transition states for α-cleavage and subsequent H-transfer starting with ionized cyclopentanone (1). The objective was to determine whether the parts of the ion disconnected by the bond cleavage remain in close association through the H-transfer. The transition state for C-C bond cleavage is close in energy to the resulting distonic ion, which is a stable species, and far in geometry from any transition state involving H-transfer. We find no evidence for any concertedness or “quasiconcertedness” in this reaction. Ring-opening H-transfer in 1 and ion-neutral complex-mediated alkane eliminations are compared.
Morphine-like discriminative stimulus effects of opioid peptides: possible modulatory role ofd-Ala2-d-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL) and dynorphin A(1-13)

The role of the different opioid receptors was studied in rats trained to discriminate SC injections of 3.0 mg/kg morphine from saline by tests for generalization to graded doses of morphine and receptor-selective peptides administered into the lateral cerebral ventricle. Dose-dependent morphine-like stimulus effects were produced over a wide range of doses (0.001–30 μg), depending upon ligand and animal, by morphine, by themu-selective peptides DAGO[d-Ala2-NMePhe4-Gly(ol)-enkephalin] and FK33824[d-Ala2,NMePhe4-Met(O)5-(ol)-enkephalin], and by thedelta-selective peptide, DADL[d-Ala2,d-Leu5enkephalin]. The order of relative potency of these substances was: FK33824>DAGO>morphine>DADL. In contrast, DPLPE[d-Pen2,l-Pen5)enkephalin], which has much greaterdelta receptor selectivity than does DADL, and dynorphin A(1-13) (0.1–10 μg), akappa-receptor agonist, engendered choice responding appropriate for saline. When 1.0 μg DADL, a dose lacking morphine-like discriminative effects, was administered concurrently with SC morphine, the stimulus effects of morphine were potentiated. Concurrent administration of 10 μg dynorphin A(1-13) and morphine attenuated the stimulus effects of morphine inconsistently. These results support previous findings thatmu-opioid receptors are of primary importance in mediating the morphine-like discriminative effects of opioid peptides. They also suggest that morphine-like discriminative effects can be modulated by other types of opioid receptors.
Stroke in children: recognition, treatment, and future directions

Childhood stoke is increasingly recognized, but studies remain largely descriptive. Important differences from adult stroke include the following: (1) frequently delayed or missed diagnosis, (2) heterogenous and overlapping risk factors, and (3) developmental differences in the cerebrovascular, neurologic, and coagulation systems. These aspects limit the extrapolation of the results of adult stroke research and present challenges in caring for children with stroke. The incidence of childhood ischemic stroke exceeds 3.3 in 100,000 children per year, more than double the estimates from past decades. The increased incidence reflects, in part, increased survival in previously fatal conditions predisposing to stroke, including congenital heart disease, sickle cell anemia, and leukemia. Risk factors for stroke are recognized in more than 75% of children. Common risk factors include congenital heart disease and sickle cell disease. Progressive arteriopathies, including vasculitis and moyamoya syndrome, are rare in children with stroke; however, transient arteriopathies including post-varicella angiopathy are increasingly recognized. Prothrombotic abnormalities are frequently present but of unclear significance. Adverse outcomes after childhood stroke, including death in 10%, recurrence in 20%, and neurologic deficits in two thirds of survivors could be reduced with available stroke treatments. Aggressive prehospital emegency care and transfer could improve access to hyperacute stroke therapies including tPA. Currently, the diagnosis is delayed by more than 24 hours from onset in most children. As in adults, tPA will likely produce unacceptable rates of intracerebral hemmorrhage unless given within 3 hours of stroke symptom onset. The appropriate choices for in hospital treatment and secondary preventative strategies, including aspirin and anticoagulants, are controversial. Empiric recommendations are published; however, age-appropriate clinical trials are urgently needed. The large multinational networks of investigators necessary for designing and conducting these future trials are now being formed.
X Chromosome Inactivation and Autoimmunity

Autoimmune diseases appear to have multiple contributing factors including genetics, epigenetics, environmental factors, and aging. The predominance of females among patients with autoimmune diseases suggests possible involvement of the X chromosome and X chromosome inactivation. X chromosome inactivation is an epigenetic event resulting in multiple levels of control for modulation of the expression of X-linked genes in normal female cells such that there remains only one active X chromosome in the cell. The extent of this control is unique among the chromosomes and has the potential for problems when regulation is disrupted. Here we discuss the X chromosome inactivation process and how the X chromosome and X chromosome inactivation may be involved in development of autoimmune disorders.
A lesson from the JOBS program: Reforming welfare must be both dazzling and dull

The Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training (JOBS) program created by the Family Support Act (FSA) of 1988 made considerable progress in expanding opportunities for welfare recipients to go to school, train for employment, and seek work. Yet federal and state officials sought further welfare reform because they were impatient with a program that was costly and produced little evidence of positive outcomes; they realized that the FSA did not address perverse incentives in the AFDC program; and they saw political gains to be reaped from reform itself. It concludes that successful reform requires leaders who can articulate a vision of welfare that dazzles enough to motivate many layers of actors and who can pay attention to the dull management details of implementing it.
Pharmacology of the Spinal Action of Ketorolac, Morphine, ST-91, U50488H, and L-PIA on the Formalin Test and an Isobolographic Analysis of the NSAID Interaction

Background:Noxious cutaneous stimuli enhance spinal excitability. The behavioral correlate to this response is found in the rat formalin test, in which formalin injection into the hindpaw evokes signs of nociception (flinching and licking of the injected paw) with acute (phase 1) and delayed-hyperal
Impulsive alignment of N 2 with a train of 8 pulses

We demonstrate a scheme that exploits the time periodicity of rigid rotors by breaking a single strong alignment pulse into an eight pulse train. Our results show 〈cos2 θ〉 ≫ 0.6 in nitrogen gas at 1 ATM and 300 K.
Family Influences on the Job Satisfaction of Employed Mothers

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between job satisfaction and selected family variables that might constrain or enhance the job satisfaction of employed mothers. Results of stepwise regression indicate that four family variables were more useful in explaining variation in job satisfaction than six background variables that had been expected to influence job satisfaction. Results suggest that job satisfaction could be enhanced by increasing family support for women's employment.
Effect of enzyme supplementation and acidification of diets on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chicks

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of alpha-galactosidase supplementation and acidification of diets on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chicks. In experiment 1, dietary treatments consisted of feeding a low-energy basal diet (2.74 Mcal of ME/kg) alone, the basal diet supplemented with 1,724 units of alpha-galactosidase per kg, the basal diet supplemented with 2% citric acid, or the basal diet supplemented with both. alpha-Galactosidase significantly increased feed intake, weight gain, AME(n) of the diets, and retention of CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.05). Citric acid significantly increased the retention of DM, CP, and NDF, but decreased feed intake and weight gain. The greatest values for DM and NDF retention and for AME(n) were obtained with the combination of alpha-galactosidase plus citric acid. In experiment 2, chicks were fed diets with 2 levels of energy (2.74 or 3.11 Mcal/kg), 2 levels of citric acid (0 or 1.5%), and 2 levels of alpha-galactosidase (0 or 1,724 units/kg) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. alpha-Galactosidase significantly increased the reducing sugar concentration in the crop content, whereas citric acid decreased the pH and increased the reducing sugar concentration in the crop content. Citric acid decreased the gain to feed ratio in the absence but not in the presence of alpha-galactosidase. The data from these studies indicate that acidification of diet improves the efficacy of alpha-galactosidase.
Manipulation of compliant objects with compliant fingerpads in the presence of nonlinear dynamics

For tasks that require grasping and manipulation of unknown objects, it is crucial for the robot end-effector to be compliant to increase grasp stability and manipulability. The dynamic interactions that occur between such compliant end-effectors and deformable objects that are being manipulated can be described by a class of nonlinear systems. Algorithms for grasping and manipulation of these objects by using adaptive feedback techniques are determined. Methods for identification, control, and adaptive control of the underlying nonlinear system are described. It is shown that standard geometric techniques for exact feedback linearization techniques are inadequate, but that globally stable adaptive control algorithms can be determined by making use of the stability characteristics of the underlying nonlinear dynamics. >
Knowledge Production and Regional Scholarship

Das discusses region as a source of theory and raises concerns about the current state of scholarship, especially (1) the censorship of ideas made possible by government control over research along with a public culture that is increasingly intolerant of differences in interpretation in the name of a feeling ethics; (2) the production of knowledge at different institutional sites that might stand in a tense relation to authorized institutional discourses; and (3) dangerous developments in the rise of new subdisciplines such as global health, which have had serious consequences for freedom of inquiry as a false consensus is generated over what counts as “success” in policy interventions.
Gender differences in the endocrine and metabolic responses to hypoxic exercise.

This study tested the hypothesis that women would have blunted physiological responses to acute hypoxic exercise compared with men. Fourteen women taking oral contraceptives (28 ± 0.9 yr of age) an...
Weighted selection of image features for resolved rate visual feedback control

The authors develop methodologies for the automatic selection of image features to be used to visually control the relative position and orientation (pose) between the end-effector of an eye-in-hand robot and a workpiece. A resolved motion rate control scheme is used to update the robot's pose based on the position of three features in the camera's image. The selection of these three features depends on a blend of image recognition and control criteria. The image recognition criteria include feature robustness, completeness, cost of feature extraction, and feature uniqueness. The control criteria include system observability, controllability, and sensitivity. A weighted criteria function is used to select the combination of image features that provides the best control of the end-effector of a general six-degrees-of-freedom manipulator. Both computer simulations and laboratory experiments on a PUMA robot arm were conducted to verify the performance of the feature-selection criteria. >
1, 25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Modulation of Adipocyte Glucocorticoid Function

Objective: 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 dose dependently increases intracellular calcium in human adipocytes. We have demonstrated that suppression of circulating 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels by increasing dietary calcium reduces adipocyte intracellular calcium and reduces adiposity in both humans and rodents, with preferential loss of trunk fat. Autocrine production of cortisol by adipocytes of mice overexpressing 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD 1) in adipose tissue increases visceral adiposity, whereas knockout of 11β-HSD 1 appears to attenuate truncal obesity. Accordingly, our objective was to investigate the role of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the modulation of adipocyte glucocorticoid metabolism. Research Methods and Procedures: We examined the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or angiotensin II on cortisol production and expression using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of 11β-HSD 1, angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), and AT2 receptor in human adipocytes. Results: Adipocytes produced negligible cortisol in the absence of substrate (cortisone). In the presence of cortisone (1 to 10 nM), there was significant cortisol production, which was dose dependently augmented (2- to 6-fold, p < 0.001) by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (0.1 to 10 nM). 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 dose dependently increased 11β-HSD 1 expression up to 2-fold (p < 0.01) in both the presence and absence of cortisone. In contrast, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dose dependently decreased adipocyte AT1 expression (by 30% to 50%, p < 0.001) in both the presence and absence of cortisone, suggesting compensatory down-regulation of AT1. Discussion: We conclude that 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 directly regulates adipocyte 11β-HSD 1 expression and, consequently, local cortisol levels and that this may contribute to the preferential loss of visceral adiposity by high-calcium diets.
Antimony Cluster Manipulation on the Si(001) Surface by Means of STM

We present results of the manipulation of antimony clusters on Si(001) by means of a scanning tunneling microscope. By adjusting tip-sample separation and pulse voltage, an antimony cluster can be removed from the sample surface without damaging it. The success rate of the removed-cluster redeposition from the tip back onto the surface is 30%. In the remainder of the attempts a square shaped structure is created that had a hillock in the center. The hillock exhibits a metallic-like I-V curve. Such a structure cannot be created without an Sb cluster previously removed from the surface and located on the tip.
Self-motion topology for redundant manipulators with joint limits

The topology of self-motion manifolds for serial redundant manipulators in the presence of joint limits is investigated. It is known that the pre-images of singular taskpoints divide the configuration space into regions where self-motion manifolds are homotopic. The authors describe how self-motion manifolds are homotopic. The authors describe how self-motion manifolds rupture moving from one region to the next. The influence of joint limits on those topologies is investigated. This analysis leads to the discovery of the semi-singularity, a new type of singularity introduced by the presence of joint limits in redundant manipulators. As opposed to standard singularities, this type is unidirectional in nature. It has a significant impact in the structure of the kinematic map, as it generates the boundary between regions of different self-motion topologies. A 3-degree-of-freedom planar robot is used to illustrate the phenomena. This analysis is of fundamental importance for global redundancy resolution and path planning, as it describes the connectivity among regions in both the work space and the configuration space, as well as the topology of self-motion manifolds. >
Pressure-induced local lattice distortions in α-Co[N(CN)2]2.

This work brings together diamond anvil cell techniques, vibrational spectroscopies, and complementary lattice dynamics calculations to investigate pressure-induced local lattice distortions in α-Co[N(CN)2]2. Analysis of mode behavior and displacement patterns reveals a series of pressure-driven transitions that modify the CoN6 counter-rotations, distort the octahedra, and flatten the C—Nax—C linkages. These local lattice distortions may be responsible for the low temperature magnetic crossover. We also discuss prospects for negative thermal expansion and show that there is not a straightforward low pressure pathway between the pink α and blue β ambient pressure phases of Co[N(CN)2]2.
A path integral formula with applications to quantum random walks in Z d

We consider general quantum random walks in a d-dimensional half-space. We first obtain a path integral formula for general quantum random walks in a d-dimensional space. Our path integral formula is valid for general quantum random walks on Cayley graphs as well. Then the path integral formula is applied to obtain the scaling limit of the exit distribution, the expectation of exit time and the asymptotic behaviour of the exit probabilities, for general quantum random walks in a half-space under some conditions on amplitude functions. The conditions are shown to be satisfied by both the Hadamard and Grover quantum random walks in two-dimensional half-spaces. For the two-dimensional case, we show that the critical exponent for the scaling limit of the hitting distribution is 1 as the lattice spacing tends to zero, i.e. the natural magnitude of the hitting position is of order O(1) if the lattice spacing is set to be 1/n. We also show that the rate of convergence of the total hitting probability has lower bound n −2 and upper bound n −2+� for any �> 0. For a quantum random walk with a fixed starting point, we show that the probability of hitting times at the hyperplane decays faster than that of the classical random walk. In both one and two dimensions, given the event of a hit, the conditional expectation of hitting times is finite, in contrast to being infinite for the classical case. In the one-dimensional case, we also obtain an exact order of the probability distribution of the hitting time at 0.
Using ultrafast infrared multidimensional correlation spectroscopy to aid in vibrational spectral peak assignments

Ultrafast infrared heterodyne detected vibrational stimulated echoes with full phase information are used to obtain the vibrational correlation spectrum from a mixture of metal-carbonyl compounds. The linear absorption spectrum displays four peaks in the carbonyl stretching region. In the absence of knowledge of the molecules that make up the mixture, the absorption spectrum could arise from four molecules that each produces a single peak to one molecule with four peaks. In contrast, the correlation spectrum displays four peaks on the diagonal and off-diagonal peaks that make it straightforward to determine which peaks belong to a particular molecule.
Chronic Opioid Therapy and Opioid Tolerance: A New Hypothesis

Opioids are efficacious and cost-effective analgesics, but tolerance limits their effectiveness. This paper does not present any new clinical or experimental data but demonstrates that there exist ascending sensory pathways that contain few opioid receptors. These pathways are located by brain PET scans and spinal cord autoradiography. These nonopioid ascending pathways include portions of the ventral spinal thalamic tract originating in Rexed layers VI–VIII, thalamocortical fibers that project to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and possibly a midline dorsal column visceral pathway. One hypothesis is that opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia may be caused by homeostatic upregulation during opioid exposure of nonopioid-dependent ascending pain pathways. Upregulation of sensory pathways is not a new concept and has been demonstrated in individuals impaired with deafness or blindness. A second hypothesis is that adjuvant nonopioid therapies may inhibit ascending nonopioid-dependent pathways and support the clinical observations that monotherapy with opioids usually fails. The uniqueness of opioid tolerance compared to tolerance associated with other central nervous system medications and lack of tolerance from excess hormone production is discussed. Experimental work that could prove or disprove the concepts as well as flaws in the concepts is discussed.
Phosphorylated nucleotides and glycolytic intermediates in diabetic and non-diabetic rat uterus in late pregnancy.

Insulin is an anabolic hormone known to stimulate any synthetic pathway (Bessman, 1960). Its mechanism of action is still unknown. Bessman (1954, 1970) suggested that the effect of insulin on energy metabolism is accomplished by coupling the hexokinase reaction to the mitochondria, increasing the effectiveness of glucose conversion to glucose-6-phosphate. The ADP created in the reaction produces an acceptor effect on the mitochondria, increasing the rate of oxidative phosphorylation. Since high energy compounds are rate limiting substrates for anabolic reactions, an increase in supply can enhance all of them. The same argument is also valid for insulin’s favorable effect on membrane transport, also an energy requiring process.
2015 Compendium of Recent Test Results of Single Event Effects Conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Radiation Effects Group

This paper reports heavy ion, proton, and laser induced single event effects (SEE) results for a variety of microelectronic devices targeted for possible use in JPL spacecraft. The compendium covers devices tested within the timeframe of August 2012 through February 2015. It is an update to the SEE compendia JPL has historically published.
The prevalence and clinical significance of C1q-binding donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies early and late after kidney transplantation.

We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of complement-binding donor-specific antibodies (DSA) detected up to 30 years after kidney transplantation. Group 1 patients included 284 consecutive DSA negative patients who underwent kidney transplantation after 1 May 2009. Group 2 included 405 patients transplanted before this date and followed at our center with functioning allografts. DSA were tested using Luminex Single Antigen and the C1q assay. In Group 1 patients, who were monitored prospectively, 31 (11%) developed de novo DSA during a median follow-up of 2.5 (1.9, 3.6) years. Of these, 11 (4%) had C1q+ and 20 (7%) had C1q negative DSA. In Group 2 patients, 77 (19%) displayed DSA. Among these, 33 (8%) had C1q+ and 44 (11%) had C1q negative DSA. The incidence of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) was significantly higher in C1q+DSA patients in both Group 1 (45%) and Group 2 (15%) compared with C1q negative DSA (5% and 2%) and DSA negative patients (1% and 3%; P P = 0.001). The incidence of chronic AMR was 36% (Group 1) and 51% (Group 2) in patients with C1q+DSA. In contrast, chronic AMR occurred in 5% and 25% of C1q negative DSA, and 2% and 6% of DSA negative Group 1 and 2 patients, respectively ( P P = 0.21). Our results indicated that the presence of C1q+ DSA was associated with acute and chronic AMR.
Explaining The Outcomes of Antisuperstore Movements: A Comparative Analysis of Six Communities

This research investigates the outcomes of local social movements through a comparative analysis of superstore siting controversies. Data were generated by qualitative case studies of six attempts by local social movement organizations to prevent the siting of a Wal-Mart superstore in their communities. A comparison of the cases reveals that the SMOs were most likely to succeed when they produced evidence of widespread opposition, framed the issue broadly, received backing from the media, did not have to contend with a counter social movement organization, and benefited from blunders by Wal-Mart. It is suggested that these five factors can be generalized to help explain the outcomes of other local social movements. It is suggested further that the first three of these factors combine in a mutually reinforcing fashion to enable a small SMO to expand its influence and thereby increase its ability to prevail against a more powerful target.
Brain lesions in the paraventricular nuclei and catecholaminergic neurons minimize salt hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

1. The rise in blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats that received intracerebroventricular 6-hydroxydopamine was almost half that of the control rats throughout 20 weeks of high (8%) NaCl feeding. 2. The rise in bood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats with bilateral complete electrolytic lesions of the paraventricular nuclei was almost half that of the control rats during 12 weeks of high (8%) NaCl feeding. 3. The bilateral complete electrolytic lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei enhanced the development of NaCl hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. 4. These results show that NaCl-induced hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats requires the integrity of the central nervous system catecholaminergic neurones and the paraventricular nuclei for its full expression.
Complete Paraplegia Induced by Slight Cervical Extension A Case Report

A 53-year-old male was admitted on suspicion of spondylitis and underwent antibiotic therapy. On the day following admission, low back pain decreased, but he experienced neck and shoulder pain and numbness in the left upper extremity. On the third day, when cervical spine was extended slightly on evacuation, he experienced sudden back pain. Neurological examination at that time revealed complete paraplegia. Anesthesia and motor paralysis below C7 was noticed. The symptoms were in the category of Frankel A. We found the spinal canal to be relatively narrow and disc herniation at the C6/7 level. He underwent steroid therapy in large quantities and lamimoplasty from C3 to C7. Intraoperatively, it was found that the cervical vertebrae were slightly unstable at the C6/7 level. Postoperatively, symptoms of paralysis improved to the Frankel D.
Truly Nanostructured Transparent Ceramics – New Properties and Opportunities

NRL technology has produced transparent MgAl2O4 ceramics with hardness ~20 GPa and grain sizes less than 30nm; 50 % improvement in hardness and an order of magnitude reduction in grain size than present literature best.