cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of elevation and soil chemistry in the distribution and ion accumulation of floral morphs of Streptanthus polygaloides Gray (Brassicaceae), a Californian nickel hyperaccumulator

Background: The flora of serpentine/ultramafic soils provides an excellent model system for the study of natural selection in plant populations. Streptanthus polygaloides is a nickel hyperaccumulator that is endemic to serpentine soils in the Sierra Nevada of California, and has four floral morphs (yellow, purple, yellow-to-purple and undulate).Aims: We investigate three hypotheses: (1) the purple morph occurs in colder, wetter climates than the yellow morph; (2) tissue–soil ionic relationships differ among morphs; and (3) morphs occur on soils with differing elemental concentrations.Methods: We queried herbarium records to investigate patterns of occurrence among the yellow and purple floral morphs, and analysed soil and tissue samples from wild populations of all four morphs.Results: The purple morph inhabited serpentine outcrops with colder temperatures and greater precipitation levels than the yellow morph. Concentrations of elements in leaf tissue and rhizosphere soil differed little among population...
Review of Kristin Zeiler and Lisa Folkmarson Käll, eds., Feminist Phenomenology and Medicine1

Feminist Phenomenology and Medicine is comprised of 13 chapters and an introduction and is the result of a conference of the same title that occurred in May 2011 at Uppsala University in Sweden. Th...
The New `Peculiar Institution':: On the Prison as Surrogate Ghetto

Not one but several `peculiar institutions' have operated to define, confine, and control African-Americans in the history of the United States: chattel slavery from the colonial era to the Civil W...
Modeled nitrate levels in well water supplies and prevalence of abnormal thyroid conditions among the Old Order Amish in Pennsylvania

Nitrate is a widespread contaminant of drinking water supplies, especially in agricultural areas. Nitrate intake from drinking water and dietary sources can interfere with the uptake of iodide by the thyroid, thus potentially impacting thyroid function. We assessed the relation of estimated nitrate levels in well water supplies with thyroid health in a cohort of 2,543 Old Order Amish residing in Lancaster, Chester, and Lebanon counties in Pennsylvania for whom thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured during 1995-2008. Nitrate measurement data (1976-2006) for 3,613 wells in the study area were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey and we used these data to estimate concentrations at study participants' residences using a standard linear mixed effects model that included hydrogeological covariates and kriging of the wells' residuals. Nitrate levels estimated by the model ranged from 0.35 mg/L to 16.4 mg/L N-NO3 -, with a median value of 6.5 mg/L, which was used as the cutpoint to define high and low nitrate exposure. In a validation analysis of the model, we calculated that the sensitivity of the model was 67% and the specificity was 93%. TSH levels were used to define the following outcomes: clinical hyperthyroidism (n = 10), clinical hypothyroidism (n = 56), subclinical hyperthyroidism (n = 25), and subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 228). In women, high nitrate exposure was significantly associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11-2.32). Nitrate was not associated with subclinical thyroid disease in men or with clinical thyroid disease in men or women. Although these data do not provide strong support for an association between nitrate in drinking water and thyroid health, our results do suggest that further exploration of this hypothesis is warranted using studies that incorporate individual measures of both dietary and drinking water nitrate intake.
Experiments with the SLIM Circuit Compactor

Experiments performed with the SLIM symbolic circuit compactor are described. The experiments were designed to compare SLIM created modules to manually created modules, to attempt to find performance predictors for SLIM, and to determine how well SLIM would compact modules created by a "synthesis-by-refinement" program. The results indicate that SLIM compacts modules which will be created by this program as area efficiently as it compacts modules created by other methods. Also, a performance predictor which estimates the area required by SLIM generated modules was developed. Finally, it was found that SLIM's designs are larger than manual designs by 60% to 90%.
Real-Time PCR Assays To Address Genetic Diversity among Strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia in pigs around the world, but confirming its presence in (or absence from) pigs can be difficult. Culture for diagnosis is impractical, and seroconversion is often delayed after natural infection, limiting the use of serology. Numerous PCR assays for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae have been developed, targeting several different genes. Recently, genetic diversity among strains of M. hyopneumoniae was demonstrated. The effect of this diversity on the accuracy and sensitivity of the M. hyopneumoniae PCR assays could result in false-negative results in current PCR tests. In this study, a panel of isolates of M. hyopneumoniae, M. flocculare, M. hyorhinis, and M. hyosynoviae were tested with a number of M. hyopneumoniae-specific PCR assays. Some M. hyopneumoniae PCR assays tested did not detect all isolates of M. hyopneumoniae. To increase the efficiency of PCR testing, two new real-time PCR assays that are specific and capable of detecting all of the M. hyopneumoniae isolates used in this study were developed.
Seed morphology and physical dormancy of several North American Rhus species (Anacardiaceae)

Seed (= seed plus endocarp) morphology and physical dormancy were studied in seven North American Rhus species: R. copallina, R. glabra, R. typhina, R. aromatica (var. aromatica), R. microphylla, R. trilobata, and R. virens (var. virens). Seeds of Rhus glabra and R. typhina, of subgenus Rhus, were gray, approx. 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, and weighed approx. 7 mg, whereas those of R. aromatica, R. trilobata, and R. virens, of subgenus Lobadium, were brown, >4 mm long, approx. 4 mm wide, and weighed approx. 14.5 mg (R. trilobata) to approx. 23 mg (R. aromaticaand R. virens). Dormancy in all seeds was due to a water-impermeable endocarp, but depth of dormancy varied greatly among species and seedlots. After 4 weeks, 29–34% of the seeds from all five seedlots of R. trilobata, R. microphylla, and R. virens incubated on moist substrate had imbibed, compared to 0–14% of the seeds of all 16 seedlots of R. aromatica, R. copallina, R. glabra, and R. typhina. After 1 yr, imbibition among seedlots of R. aromaticavaried from 28 ± 2% to 69 ± 5%, whereas 93 ±2% to 100 ± 0% of the seeds from all seedlots of R. microphylla, R. trilobata, and R. virens did so. Neither dry laboratory storage for up to 4 yr (even 29 yr in R. aromatica) nor dry heating at 100oC or at 120oC effectively broke dormancy in any of the species tested (R. aromatica, R. glabra, R. trilobata, R. virens). Immersion in boiling water was the best method to render seeds of R. glabra and R. typhinapermeable, yet it was ineffective for those of R. aromatica, R. trilobata, and R. virens. In contrast, a 1 h-soaking in concentrated H2SO4 led to complete loss of endocarp impermeability in the latter three species, but mostly was ineffective in R. glabra and R. typhina. Thus, there seems to be a tendency for seeds of subgenus Rhusto respond well to boiling in water, but not to soaking in H2SO4, whereas the opposite is true for those of subgenus Lobadium.
Understanding Asian students’ oral participation modes in American classrooms

Second language acquisition (SLA) researchers have not adequately explored English as a Second Language (ESL)students’ use of English in academic settings other than the language classroom. Social contexts of language learn-ing, such as students’ content course classrooms, affect not only the amount and the type of input learners receive,but also the extent to which learners are able to engage in meaningful real-life communication in the target language. Anincreasing educational concern in American academic settings is some ESL students’ minimization of theimportance of verbal communication in their content courses. To challenge the linguistic explanation of the inability ofESL students to adapt to active oral participation modes in their content courses, this study, by focusing on Asian graduatestudents in different majors in a US university, examined multiple pertinent factors affecting their oral participation modesvia both classroom observations and interviews. Sociocultural, linguistic, cognitive, affective, and pedagogical/environmental factors were found to influence these students’ oral communication in their content courses, withsocio-cultural factors exerting the largest influence on students’ classroom reticence. Directions for further researchare recommended.
Needs Assessment Competencies: Are They Important for Extension Educators?

The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of eleven professional competencies related to needs assessment and program development; a secondary purpose was to identify the best time these competencies should be learned. The study followed a survey research design, in which 441 randomly selected extension educators in the North Central Region of the United States responded to a questionnaire through an online survey. Results suggest that respondents perceived nine of the eleven competencies as highly important for their professional development. High percentages of the respondents also reported that six competencies should be learned on the job. Stepwise regression analysis revealed the demographics of “gender” and “education” as statistically significant predictors in determining respondents’ perceptions. Findings indicate a need for flexible staff development programs for extension educators through graduate education, in-service programs, and on-the-job training. Findings have implications for designing new policies for employee selection, training, professional development, and performance appraisal. Further study was recommended to determine whether the findings would be valid at the national level.
Assessment of electronics for cryogenic space exploration missions

Space exploration missions require electronics capable of efficient and reliable operation at low temperatures. Presently, spacecraft on-board electronics are maintained at approximately 20 °C through the use of radioisotopes. Cryogenic electronics would enhance efficiency of space systems, improve reliability, and simplify their design. A Low Temperature Electronics Program at the NASA Glenn Research Center focuses on research and development of electronics suitable for space exploration missions. The effects of cryogenic temperature and thermal cycling are being investigated for commercial-off-the-shelf components as well as for components specially developed for low temperature operation. An overview of this program along with selected experimental data is presented in this paper.
The Unintended Consequences of Countermarketing Strategies: How Particular Antismoking Measures May Shift Consumers to More Dangerous Cigarettes

Countermarketing, or efforts to reduce consumption of certain products, has become common in categories such as tobacco, junk food, fossil fuels, and furs. Countermarketing has a particularly long history in the tobacco industry. Efforts to reduce smoking have included excise taxes that increase the cost of consumption, smoke-free restrictions that make consumption less convenient, and antismoking advertising campaigns that highlight the dangers of tobacco use. This article presents an analysis of the relative effectiveness of these different strategies. We find that cigarette excise taxes are the most effective tool for reducing overall cigarette sales, followed by antismoking advertising. Smoke-free restrictions are not found to have a significant effect on cigarette sales. We also investigate how these various policy tools induce product substitution. This issue is of considerable importance because some countermarketing techniques may potentially shift consumers to more dangerous, higher nicotine and ...
Correspondencia conservada de Eduardo Blanco-Amor a Federico García Lorca

Cinco documentos (3 cartas, 2 tarjetas postales y una tarjeta de visita) mandados por Eduardo Blanco-Amor a Federico Garcia Lorca han sido parcialmente editados. Aqui por primera vez presentamos esta correspondencia entera y con notas explicativas.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of piperidine-derived non-urea soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors.

A series of potent amide non-urea inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is disclosed. The inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase leads to elevated levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and thus inhibitors of sEH represent one of a novel approach to the development of vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory drugs. Structure–activities studies guided optimization of a lead compound, identified through high-throughput screening, gave rise to sub-nanomolar inhibitors of human sEH with stability in human liver microsomal assay suitable for preclinical development.
Redescription of Santanichthys diasii (Otophysi, Characiformes) from the Albian of the Santana Formation and Comments on Its Implications for Otophysan Relationships

A detailed redescription of Santanichthys diasii is presented, based on several new acidprepared and very well-preserved specimens. S. diasii has a complete Weberian apparatus and is at present the earliest otophysan fish known (early Cretaceous, Albian). In addition, this fish displays at least one synapomorphy of modern characiforms (large and globular lagenar capsules that extend well lateral to the cranium) and we consequently suggest that it is a stem characiform. If this is correct, it represents a significant temporal extension for characiforms. We discuss the phylogenetic implications of its unique combination of features in light of earlier phylogenetic hypotheses.
Vertical Stratification of Ammonia in a Broiler House

ABSTRACT The broiler industry is not immune to the problematic nature of NH3 production in animal rearing facilities. Though the headlines of today focus on environmental impact considerations, the detrimental effects of the house air quality on farmers and birds remain considerable for industry viability. This research investigated the vertical stratification of in-house NH3 combined with sampling position down the center of the house and with different NH3 analysis technologies. The results indicated that reuse of litter and house ventilation correlate to trends in NH3 concentration at particular measurement heights. When tunnel ventilation was primary, NH3 concentrations decreased vertically with increasing distance from the litter surface. However, with lower outside temperatures, little ventilation, and a stagnant house atmosphere, no concentration gradient was evident. The work also demonstrated significant variability among professionally calibrated instruments and traditionally used pull tubes. Characterization of interior air quality of broiler houses should consider sampling height to effectively address bird exposure.
RELATION BETWEEN THE APOLAR AND POLAR COMPONENTS OF THE INTERACTION ENERGY BETWEEN THE CHAINS OF NOHIONIC SURFACTANTS AND THEIR CMC IN WATER

ABSTRACT A new approach has been developed which successfully takes into account the (Lewis) acid-base, or polar, as well as the Lifshitz-van der Waals, or apolar interfacial Interactions in aqueous media. By using this approach, it becomes possible to calculate the cmc values for various nonionic surfactants of the polyethylene oxide variety, from the molecular dimensions of the apolar and polar moieties of nonionic surfactants, and from the apolar and polar interfacial free energies between these moieties and water. The calculated values correlate well with the reported cue values. The total interfaclal free energies thus obtained also quantitatively account for the stability of the micelles which arise at the cmc and beyond.
Driving with pets as a risk factor for motor vehicle collisions among older drivers.

Increasing rates of distraction-related motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) continue to raise concerns regarding driving safety. This study sought to evaluate a novel driving-related distraction, driving with a pet, as a risk factor for MVCs among older, community dwelling adults. Two thousand licensed drivers aged 70 and older were identified, of whom 691 reported pet ownership. Comparing pet owners who did and did not drive with their pets, neither overall MVC rates (rate ratio [RR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-1.26) nor at-fault MVC rates (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.57-1.24) were elevated. However, those who reported always driving with a pet in the vehicle had an elevated MVC rate (RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.10-3.25), as compared to those who did not drive with a pet. The MVC rate was not increased for those reporting only sometimes or rarely driving with a pet in the vehicle. The current study demonstrates an increased risk of MVC involvement in those older drivers who always take a pet with them when they drive a vehicle. When confronted with an increased cognitive or physical workload while driving, elderly drivers in prior studies have exhibited slower cognitive performance and delayed response times in comparison to younger age groups. Further study of pet-related distracted driving behaviors among older drivers as well as younger populations with respect to driver safety and performance is warranted to appropriately inform the need for policy regulation on this issue. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
Secular trends in nosocomial primary bloodstream infections in the United States, 1980–1989

More than 25,000 primary bloodstream infections (BSIs) were identified by 124 National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System hospitals performing hospital-wide surveillance during the 10-year period 1980-1989. These hospitals reported 6,729 hospital-months of data, during which time approximately 9 million patients were discharged. BSI rates by hospital stratum (based on bed size and teaching affiliation) and pathogen groups were calculated. In 1989, the overall BSI rates for small (less than 200 beds) nonteaching, large nonteaching, small (less than 500 beds) teaching, and large teaching hospitals were 1.3, 2.5, 3.8, and 6.5 BSIs per 1,000 discharges, respectively. Over the period 1980-1989, significant increases (p less than 0.0001) were observed within each hospital stratum, in the overall BSI rate and the BSI rate due to each of the following pathogen groups: coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and Candida species. In contrast, the BSI rate due to gram-negative bacilli remained stable over the decade, in all strata. Except for small nonteaching hospitals, the greatest increase in BSI rates was observed in coagulase-negative staphylococci (the percentage increase ranged between 424% and 754%), followed by Candida species (219-487%). In small nonteaching hospitals, the greatest increase was for S. aureus (283%), followed by enterococci (169%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (161%). Our analysis documents the emergence over the last decade of coagulase-negative staphylococci as one of the most frequently occurring pathogens in BSI.
Identification of a Functional fur Gene in Bradyrhizobium japonicum

The recent identification of the iron response regulator (Irr) in Bradyrhizobium japonicum raised the question of whether the global regulator Fur is present in that organism. A fur gene homolog was isolated by the functional complementation of an Escherichia coli fur mutant. The B. japonicum Fur bound to a Fur box DNA element in vitro, and a fur mutant grown in iron-replete medium was derepressed for iron uptake activity. Thus, B. japonicum expresses at least two regulators of iron metabolism.
A Criterion for the Existence of Transversals of Set Systems

Nash-Williams [ 6 ] formulated a condition that is necessary and sufficient for a countable family [Ascr ]=( A i ) i ∈ I of sets to have a transversal. In [ 7 ] he proved that his criterion applies also when we allow the set I to be arbitrary and require only that [xcap ] i ∈ J A i =[emptyv ] for any uncountable J ⊆ I . In this paper, we formulate another criterion of a similar nature, and prove that it is equivalent to the criterion of Nash-Williams for any family [ufr ]. We also present a self-contained proof that if [xcap ] i ∈ J A i =[emptyv ] for any uncountable J ⊆ I , then our condition is necessary and sufficient for the family [ufr ] to have a transversal.
Semantic translation for rule-based knowledge in data mining

Considering data size and privacy concerns in a distributed setting, it is neither desirable nor feasible to translate data from one resource to another in data mining. Rather, it makes more sense to first mine knowledge from one data resource and then translate the discovered knowledge (models) to another for knowledge reuse. Although there have been successful research efforts in knowledge transfer, the knowledge translation problem in the semantically heterogenous scenario has not been addressed adequately. In this paper, we first propose to use Semantic Web ontologies to represent rule-based knowledge to make the knowledge computer "translatable". Instead of an inductive learning approach, we treat knowledge translation as a deductive inference. We elaborate a translation method with both the forward and backward chaining to address the asymmetry of translation. We show the effectiveness of our knowledge translation method in decision tree rules and association rules mined from sports and gene data respectively. In a more general context, this work illustrates the promise of a novel research which leverages ontologies and Semantic Web techniques to extend the knowledge transfer in data mining to the semantically heterogeneous scenario.
Horse Thieves to Rebels to Dogs: Political Gang Violence and the State in the Western Segovias, Nicaragua, in the Time of Sandino, 1926–1934

This study of organised political violence in north-central Nicaragua from 1926 to 1934 focuses on the infamous Conservative gang leader Anastacio Hernandez and on Sandino's rebels. The contexts of a weak central state and local-regional caudillismo are outlined. It is shown that after the 1926–27 civil war. Hernandez and others produced ritualised spectacular violence in the service of their Chamorrista caudillo patrons. The language, practices, and characteristics of organised violence are examined. It is argued that Sandino's rebels appropriated these tools of political struggle, and that changes and continuities in the organisation of violence in Nicaraguan history merit greater attention.
Challenges and opportunities for integrative health research in the context of culture: A commentary on Gersten

Abstract A new generation of research in population health is drawing on models and methods from the social and biomedical sciences to combine rich measurement of everyday contexts with objective measures of physiological function and health in field-based settings. We are at the beginning of an exciting era of discovery, and this commentary focuses on two questions of particular importance to comparative research. First, how do we use biological measures to define “health”? Second, how do we define and measure social context, particularly across cultural settings? Answers to these questions, as well as others addressed by scholars working at the intersection of the social and biomedical sciences, will ultimately lead to a better, more multidimensional understanding of human biology and health.
Effect of radiation shield angle on temperature and stress profiles during rapid thermal annealing

The effects of radiation shield angle and oven-temperature ramping rates on the temperature and thermal stress profiles in a gallium arsenide wafer undergoing rapid thermal annealing are studied. The numerical model of the heat transfer in a cylindrical oven considers conduction in the wafer radiative heat transfer from all oven and shield surfaces to the wafer. All simulations show that at some location in the wafer the induced thermal stress exceeds the critical stress. These results indicate that at high temperatures (T>750 degrees C) it is very difficult to maintain a sufficiently flat temperature profile such that the induced thermal stress is maintained below the critical stress throughout the wafer. Possible ways to minimize the induced thermal stress during the annealing process using a radiation shield and specific oven-temperature ramping rates are discussed. >
Dysfunctional Career Thoughts Minimization: Strategically Improving Student Outlook

Career practitioners have long observed that dysfunctional (negative) career beliefs contribute heavily to the difficulty many college students have in making rational career decisions. This study attempts to measure the impact that a career planning course can have on reducing dysfunctional career thoughts, and thereby increasing the ability of students to focus their career plans. The Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI) was used to assess dysfunctional career thinking before and after students’ participation in a three credit hour career planning course. Statistical analyses clearly indicate that dysfunctional career thoughts are significantly reduced through application of an effective career planning course.
Standards and System Integration in Digital Medicine

If you are interested in PACS workflow organization and management, I suggest you read an excellent book by Dreyer et al. (2005). In this chapter, we will glance only at the DICOM-related standards that are supposed to make everything fit together.Why, even within DICOM, has product integration become such a big hassle? Let me answer this with a simple question: If two DICOM products conform to the same parts (SOPs) of the DICOM standard, do they conform to each other? Do not rush to say “Yes,” as it would be a mistake. Sure, theoretically “Yes” is the right answer. Practically though, any DICOM product leaves plenty of room for mistakes and incorrect assumptions.
Aesthetics and Gloss of Ground Surfaces: A Review on Measurement and Generation

ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering Aesthetics and gloss of ground surfaces – A review on measurement and generation Barbara Linke 1 University of California Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA bslinke@ucdavis.edu ASME Member Jayanti Das University of California Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA jydas@ucdavis.edu ABSTRACT Visual appearance of an object significantly influences a consumer’s choice and largely controls the market economy. The perceived quality of products are governed by surface’s optical properties (reflection, refraction, etc.), geometrical properties (roughness, waviness, etc.) and chemical properties (oxide layer formation, thermal variation, etc.). Surface shininess attracts researchers from many different disciplines, in particular manufacturing, metrology, psychology, physiology, and computer science. Unfortunately, there are still huge knowledge gaps on characterizing and appraising shiny surfaces in a reproducible way. This paper introduces the main definitions and physics of shininess and gloss, methods of gloss sensing, and relates these definitions and methods to surface generation by grinding. Automated gloss measurement is difficult in particular for free form surfaces and optical quality is still often evaluated by human workers. Gloss models are often based on the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) of the surface, but the models are commonly not connected with the manufacturing process. This study proposes to consider the geometrical features (defects, waviness, lay, and roughness) of metal surfaces as well as the physical and chemical features (grain structure and micro layers) to understand surface Corresponding author.
Phosphorylation Increases Persistence Length and End-to-End Distance of a Segment of Tau Protein

Intrinsically disordered regions of proteins, which lack unique tertiary structure under physiological conditions, are enriched in phosphorylation sites and in significant local bias toward the polyproline II conformation. The overrepresented coincidence of this posttranslational regulatory signal and local conformational bias within unstructured regions raises a question: can phosphorylation serve to manipulate the conformational preferences of a disordered protein? In this study, we use time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and a, to our knowledge, novel data analysis method to directly measure the end-to-end distance distribution of a phosphorylatable peptide derived from the human microtubule associated protein tau. Our results show that phosphorylation at threonine or serine extends the end-to-end distance and increases the effective persistence length of the tested model peptides. Unexpectedly, the extension is independent of salt concentration, suggestive of a nonelectrostatic origin. The phosphorylation extension and stiffening effect provides a peptide-scale physical interpretation for the posttranslational regulation of the highly abundant protein-protein interactions found in disordered proteins, as well as a potential insight into the regulatory mechanism of the tau protein's microtubule binding activity.
Overview Of Fiber-Optic Sensor Systems (FOSS)

Fiber-Optic Sensors appear suitable for successfully fulfilling a wide spectrum of sensing transducer requirements in industrial and military applications. Before they supercede existing sensors, a large amount of materials, subsystem and system design research must be accomplished to solve the apparent difficulties. This paper summarizes their promise, the technological problems that arise, and the principle approaches that will solve these problems.
Coupling GIS with Physical Models to Assess Deep-Seated Landslide Hazards

Deep-seated landslides pose a dilemma for land managers who must utilize certain natural resources while protecting others from adverse environmental impacts. The physical factors controlling deep-seated mass movement are often poorly constrained, and the consequences of a particular land use may therefore be unknown. Empirical techniques work well for mapping areas affected by deep-seated landsliding, but may be incapable of predicting the impacts of land use on specific landslides. Numerical models of the physical processes of mass movement offer an alternative method for determining landslide potential and provide additional information for evaluating hazards where empirical evidence is insufficient or ambiguous. Modeling efforts can utilize topographic and geotechnical data mapped at regional scales (typically 1:24,000) if the physical controls on landsliding are resolved. A strategy for coupling the data processing capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) software with the predictive power of a physical model is demonstrated with a small basin in northwestern Washington state, managed for timber production, where deep-seated landsliding has degraded an important fisheries resource. Historic data were insufficient to clearly identify the primary factors controlling landslide activity. Modelling results, however, indicate that certain deep-seated landslides react primarily to increases in pore-water pressure, while others react primarily to stream-channel incision. These results guide further field efforts and provide a rational basis for land-use decisions.
Highly Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Microcystin-LR in Source and Finished Water Samples Using Cantilever Sensors

Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is one of the toxic microcystin congeners produced by the common cyanobacteria, blue-green algae. A piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensor was developed for the sensitive detection of MCLR in a flow format using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that bind specifically to MCLR. PEMC is a resonant cantilever sensor whose resonant frequency decreases as target analyte binds to its surface. Monoclonal antibody against MCLR was immobilized on the sensor surface via amine coupling. As the toxin in the sample water bound to the antibody, resonant frequency decreased proportional to toxin concentration. Three water matrices, namely buffer, tap water, and river water, were spiked with MCLR standards and were successfully detected in the dynamic range of 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL (effective concentration -250 fg/mL to 25 ng/mL). The sensor response was characterized by a log−linear relationship between resonant frequency change and MCLR concentration. ...
Magma reservoirs from the upper crust to the Moho inferred from high-resolution Vp and Vs models beneath Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA

The size, frequency, and intensity of volcanic eruptions are strongly controlled by the volume and connectivity of magma within the crust. Several geophysical and geochemical studies have produced a comprehensive model of the magmatic system to depths near 7 km beneath Mount St. Helens (Washington State, USA), currently the most active volcano in the Cascade Range. Data limitations have precluded imaging below this depth to observe the entire primary shallow magma reservoir, as well as its connection to deeper zones of magma accumulation in the crust. The inversion of P and S wave traveltime data collected during the active-source component of the iMUSH (Imaging Magma Under St. Helens) project reveals a high P-wave (Vp)/S-wave (Vs) velocity anomaly beneath Mount St. Helens between depths of 4 and 13 km, which we interpret as the primary upper–middle crustal magma reservoir. Beneath and southeast of this shallow reservoir, a low Vp velocity column extends from 15 km depth to the Moho. Deep long-period events near the boundary of this column indicate that this anomaly is associated with the injection of magmatic fluids. Southeast of Mount St. Helens, an upper–middle crustal high Vp/Vs body beneath the Indian Heaven Volcanic Field may also have a magmatic origin. Both of these high Vp/Vs bodies are at the boundaries of the low Vp middle–lower crustal column and both are directly above high Vp middle–lower crustal regions that may represent cumulates associated with recent Quaternary or Paleogene–Neogene Cascade magmatism. Seismicity immediately following the 18 May 1980 eruption terminates near the top of the inferred middle–lower crustal cumulates and directly adjacent to the inferred middle–lower crustal magma reservoir. These spatial relationships suggest that the boundaries of these high-density cumulates play an important role in both vertical and lateral transport of magma through the crust.
The Meta-Theory of Examining Emotion in Social Relationships

In “Social-Psychological Interventions for Intergroup Reconciliation: An Emotion Regulation Perspective,” Sabina Cehajic-Clancy, Amit Goldenberg, James Gross, and Eran Halperin (this issue) summari...
The Management Mode of Improving the Quality of Components Products for Suppliers

The article explains the management mode of SGMW that improves the components products'quality for suppliers, based on how to start the advanced product and quality planning for suppliers and how to provide the qualified components steadily and constantly for suppliers.
Summary of sampling methods in the Immunization Coverage

Since China carry out the EPI,the diseases of controlled by vaccine descended significantly. Integrity,accuracy and authenticity of the immunization coverage data will directly influence the establishment of the immunity strategy and the disease control strategy. Since the routine immunity coverage report system was established in China,it can provide the main information,investigated immunization coverage can supplement with it more real. Since China carry out the EPI in 1978,two methods of sampling was recommended by the World Health Organization( WHO). One is proportional to size( PPS),the other is lot quality assurance sampling( LQAS). Through reading up the literature,in recent ten years the sampling methods in investigated immunization coverage used PPS and LQAS a little,most of them used the other sampling methods which depended on the purpose,operated in process of investigation,the need of manpower,money and so on. This paper re-views the major sampling methods.
End-of-life care.

Radiation oncologists have a unique opportunity and a responsibility to be involved in the end-of-life care of their patients. End-of-life care is one of the prevalent issues in health care. Yet what it is and how to measure it remain a matter of discussion [1]. Too often frameworks for end-of-life care have originated from medical experts [2–4] rather than from patients’ perspectives [1].
Folic acid intake and its effects on the prevention of neural tube defects, the masking of vitamin B12 deficiency and the reduction of homocysteine.

The FDA's decision to require the fortification of the United State's grain supply with folic acid was made complex by proponents' arguments for its protective properties against neural tube defects (NTD) vs. opponents' concern regarding safety-risks in masking vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly. Since this regulation mandated an effective date of January 1, 1998, research has been conducted to identify the impact that the fortification of 140 micrograms/100 g of grain in the U.S. grain supply has had on public health. Studies attempted to more accurately describe the minimum effective dose for prevention of NTD and to identify the levels at which it presents a health risk. Several studies have been reviewed and recommendations have been provided for altering the level of folic acid fortification.
Alcohol-induced place conditioning in moderate social drinkers.

To test whether non-dependent drinkers show place preference for a location paired with alcohol, and to test if the amount of time spent in the alcohol-paired location is related to self-reported subjective alcohol effects experienced in that environment.Two groups of subjects completed six conditioning sessions: three with alcohol (0.8 g/kg) and three without alcohol. Individuals were assigned randomly to two groups, paired and unpaired, in a 2 : 1 ratio. The paired group (n = 78) received alcohol in one testing room and no-alcohol in another testing room (biased assignment). The unpaired group (n = 30) received alcohol and no-alcohol in each testing room.Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (single site).Healthy male and female social drinkers (n = 108) aged 21-40 years participated in the study (consisting of 10 separate laboratory visits) between March 2012 and August 2014 (an average of 36 separate subject visits per month).The primary outcome measure was the pre- to post-conditioning change in the percentage of time spent in the least preferred room (obtained during drug-free exploration tests conducted at separate visits before and after the six conditioning sessions were completed). Secondary measures included self-reported subjective mood and drug effects obtained during the conditioning sessions.The groups differed in the change in the percentage of time spent in the initially least preferred room, from pre- to post-conditioning; paired group = 11.0%, unpaired group = -1.4%, mean difference = 12.4%, 95% confidence interval = 1.9-23.0, P = 0.02. The change in the percentage of time spent in the least-preferred room was related to the self-reported sedative effects of alcohol during conditioning sessions among paired group participants only.Non-dependent consumers of alcohol appear to develop a behavioral preference for locations paired with alcohol consumption, more so for those who experience sedative effects from alcohol in those locations.
Exploring Infertility from the Cultural Context of Latino College Students: Results from a Preliminary Focus Group

Despite a racial/ethnic disparity, little research has examined minority group perceptions of infertility. After developing a 15-question English-language focus group guide, 13 Latino college students (ages 19–22) at a Midwestern university were recruited to participate in a focus group to discuss their perceptions of infertility in the context of their family and culture. The focus group was audio recorded, professionally transcribed, and analyzed according to the constructed Grounded Theory approach. Three major themes were identified: 1) infertility is not considered when looking towards the future; 2) infertility is not discussed due to shame; and 3) infertility does not require a medical resolution. College students have the opportunity to make lifestyle modifications that can optimize fertility, but intention to change behavior is contingent on accurate fertility knowledge, which is often influenced by cultural norms. Our results suggest that these Latino students do not consider infertility a risk in their future lives nor is infertility something they consider should be explicitly discussed. Importantly, they do not perceive the need for medical interventions when addressing infertility, which carries implications for treatment seeking. When creating educational interventions for infertility, it is important to take into account the cultural lens through which infertility is understood.
Voices of a Real Indian: Sherman Alexie's INDIAN KILLER in the Cultural Disconnect between Plight and Pride

An attuned reading of the contradictions and ambiguities that characterize Sherman Alexie's Indian Killer and torment the mystery's protagonist lays bare the complicated reality of a people asking ...
Secondary-ion emission from oxygen and hydrogen-covered beryllium surfaces: I. Coverage dependence☆

Abstract Secondary ion emission from a beryllium surface is studied in the presence of hydrogen and oxygen. For submonolayer coverages of oxygen, the adsorption follows site-exclusion statistics. On this basis, the Be+ secondary ion yield and energy distribution can be separated into oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent processes governed by the local properties of the surface. Ionic molecular species with hydrogen or oxygen present include Be2O+, Be2O−, BeO−, and BeH+ but not BeO+ or BeOH+. This result is inconsistent with emission in which the oxide molecule is formed in the near-surface vacuum region by agglomeration of individually sputtered surface atoms. For BeH+emission the opposite conclusion is reached.
A Chestertonian Critique of Contemporary Liberalism and Its Aspirations to Cosmopolitan Reach

A prominent movement in contemporary liberalism drives toward cosmopolitanism; however, its foundations of value pluralism and equality as fairness will not sustain such an extension. A different tradition of liberalism did not reach toward global political institutions, but did include a doctrine of cosmopolitan respect for others. G. K. Chesterton propounded a Christian theory of liberalism that defended small, democratic communities of property-owning families. The theory also promoted the virtues of hope and charity. Not constructing global institutions, Chesterton’s liberalism inspires adherents to respect the autonomy and difference of others. Contemporary liberalism must be cosmopolitan and global according to its concepts of liberty and equality; Chesterton’s liberalism was patriotic, local, and respectful of others. The latter has the substance of cosmopolitanism, the former only the reach.
An Integrated Media, Integrated Processes Watershed Model – WASH123D: Part 7 – Sediment and Reactive Chemical Transport in Surface Runoff

A watershed system includes river/stream networks, overland regime, and subsurface media. This paper presents a numerical model of sediment and reactive chemical transport in surface runoff of watershed systems. The distribution of mobile suspended sediments and immobile bed sediments is controlled through hydrological transport as well as erosion and deposition processes. Transport of chemical species with a variety of chemical and physical processes is mathematically described by system of M advective-dispersive-reactive transport equations (where M is the number of species). Decomposition via Gauss-Jordan column reduction of the reaction network transforms M species-transport equations into three sets of equations: a set of thermodynamic equilibrium equations representing NE equilibrium reactions, a set of reactive transport equations of NKI kinetic-variables involving no equilibrium reactions (where NKI is the number of linearly independent kinetic reactions), and a sent of NC component transport equations (where NC is the number of components). The elimination of fast reactions from reactive transport equations allows robust and efficient numerical integration. The model solves the PDEs of kinetic-variables and components rather than individual chemical species, which reduces the number of reactive transport equations and simplifies the reaction terms in the equations. A hypothetical example was used to demonstrate the capability of the model in simulating sediment and reactive chemical transport subject to a complex reaction network involving both slow and fast reactions, under the effect of temperature. Based on the application of an eutrophication example, the deficiency of current practices in the water quality modeling is discussed and potential improvements over current practices using this model are addressed.
The Baccalauréat Exam and the French Canonical Literary Exercise

The French baccalaureat serves as the secondary education certificate for approximately 80 percent of the French population. When French students finally take the exam for which their entire literary education has prepared them, what actually happens? Using the most recent session of the “bac” as an illustration, this chapter conveys the complex and ritualistic nature of the process, its continued power over educational policy, and arguments both for and against its reform. The “bac” is not a model for literary pedagogy more broadly, but rather an example of the difficulty of breaking away from a conformist, “canonical exercise” with roots in Jesuit education.
Portero versus portador: Spanish interpretation of genomic terminology during whole exome sequencing results disclosure.

Aim Describe modifications to technical genomic terminology made by interpreters during disclosure of whole exome sequencing (WES) results. Patients & methods Using discourse analysis, we identified and categorized interpretations of genomic terminology in 42 disclosure sessions where Spanish-speaking parents received their child's WES results either from a clinician using a medical interpreter, or directly from a bilingual physician. Results Overall, 76% of genomic terms were interpreted accordantly, 11% were misinterpreted and 13% were omitted. Misinterpretations made by interpreters and bilingual physicians included using literal and nonmedical terminology to interpret genomic concepts. Conclusion Modifications to genomic terminology made during interpretation highlight the need to standardize bilingual genomic lexicons. We recommend Spanish terms that can be used to refer to genomic concepts.
A randomized clinical trial of motivational enhancement therapy for alcohol problems in partner violent men.

Abstract This study examined the efficacy of brief alcohol intervention in the context of community-based treatment for partner violence. In a randomized clinical trial, 228 partner-violent men with hazardous or problem drinking were recruited at three Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) treatment agencies and randomly assigned to receive one of two 4-session alcohol interventions: Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET: N = 110) or Alcohol Education (AE: N = 118). After completing alcohol intervention, participants received standard agency counseling services for IPV. Participants completed assessments of alcohol use, drug use, and IPV at pre-treatment, post-alcohol intervention, and quarterly follow-ups for 12 months. At the end of the 4-session alcohol intervention, MET participants displayed greater acknowledgment of problems with alcohol than AE participants (Partial ή2 = 0.039, p = 0.006). Significant changes from baseline across treatment conditions (at p