cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of photopheresis treatments for the management of rejection in heart and lung transplant recipients.

Photopheresis has been used in the management of rejection of heart and/or lung transplants. Although its mechanism of action remains unknown, irradiated T-helper cell-induced immunosuppression is the main theory. Since transplant recipients are often lymphopenic and lymphocytes are the target cells in phototherapy, we performed this study to determine which factors affect the cellular yield to undergo irradiation. We reviewed the records of all photophereses performed in our institution between July 1998 and April 2000 using the UVAR (first generation) or XTS (second generation) instruments (Therakos, Exton, PA). Our data included patient's blood volume, absolute lymphocyte count and hematocrit, catheter type, flow rate of collection cycles and centrifuge bowl size, as well as volume, hematocrit, and lymphocyte count of the cell suspension. With a mixed model multivariate analysis we sought to determine which variables predicted the lymphocyte yield. A total of 406 procedures in 25 adult patients was analyzed. There was no significant difference between the lymphocyte yield among the procedures performed with the first- and the second-generation instruments. The patient's absolute lymphocyte count was the only parameter, which positively correlated with the total number of lymphocytes collected for irradiation (P < 0.0001). Indeed, based on the mixed model, the total number of lymphocytes for irradiation can be predicted from the pre-procedure lymphocyte count. Additional studies are necessary to correlate the number of treated cells with patient outcome. J. Clin. Apheresis 17:27–32, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of recurrent ventricular fibrillation in a rabbit model of pacing-induced heart failure

Background Successful defibrillation may be followed by recurrent spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF). The mechanisms of postshock spontaneous VF are unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms of spontaneous VF after initial successful defibrillation in a rabbit model of heart failure (HF). Methods Simultaneous optical mapping of intracellular calcium (Ca i ) and membrane potential (Vm) was performed in 12 rabbit hearts with chronic pacing-induced heart failure, in 4 sham-operated hearts, and in 5 normal hearts during fibrillation-defibrillation episodes. Results Twenty-eight spontaneous VF episodes were recorded after initial successful defibrillation in 4 failing hearts (SVF group) but not in the remaining 8 failing hearts (no-SVF group) or in the normal or sham-operated hearts. The action potential duration (APD 80 ) before pacing-induced VF was 209 ± 9 ms in the SVF group and 212 ± 14 ms in the no-SVF group ( P = NS). After successful defibrillation, APD 80 shortened to 147 ± 26 ms in the SVF group and to 176 ± 14 ms in the no-SVF group ( P = .04). However, the duration of Ca i after defibrillation was not different between the two groups (246 ± 21 ms vs 241 ± 17 ms, P = NS), resulting in elevated Ca i during late phase 3 or phase 4 of the action potential. Standard glass microelectrode recording in an additional 5 failing hearts confirmed postshock APD shortening and afterdepolarizations. APD 80 of normal and sham-operated hearts was not shortened after defibrillation. Conclusion HF promotes acute shortening of APD immediately after termination of VF in failing hearts. Persistent Ca i elevation during late phase 3 and phase 4 of the shortened action potential result in afterdepolarizations, triggered activity, and spontaneous VF.
Health economics of screening for gynaecological cancers

In this chapter, we summarise findings from recent cost-effectiveness analyses of screening for cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. We begin with a brief summary of key issues that affect the cost-effectiveness of screening, including disease burden, and availability and type of screening tests. For cervical cancer, we discuss the potential effect of human papilloma virus vaccines on screening. Outstanding epidemiological and cost-effectiveness issues are included. For cervical cancer, this includes incorporating the long-term effect of treatment (including adverse birth outcomes in treated women who are of reproductive age) into cost-effectiveness models using newly available trial data to identify the best strategy for incorporating human papilloma virus tests. A second issue is the need for additional data on human papilloma virus vaccines, such as effectiveness of reduced cancer incidence and mortality, effectiveness in previously exposed women and coverage. Definitive data on these parameters will allow us to update model-based analyses to include more realistic estimates, and also potentially dramatically alter our approach to screening. For ovarian cancer, outstanding issues include confirming within the context of a trial that screening is effective for reducing mortality and incorporating tests with high specificity into screening into screening algorithms for ovarian cancer.
ELYTRAL PUNCTURES: A RAPID, RELIABLE METHOD FOR MARKING COLORADO POTATO BEETLE

A simple, inexpensive, permanent method for individually marking Colorado potato beetle is presented. The method consists of puncturing the elytra within the cream-colored longitudinal bands using a minuten nadeln ; the wound response produces intense melanization at the point of puncture. Division of a band into three zones, each potentially receiving a dot, produces an octal digit. If all eight bands are employed, more than 16 million beetles can be uniquely marked. No significant survival effects of marking were seen in teneral, post-teneral, or post-diapause adult beetles. Propensity to fly in mid-summer beetles was generally unaffected by marking. Probabilities of mismarking and misreading are negligible if sufficient care is employed.
Social network ties beyond nonredundancy: an experimental investigation of the effect of knowledge content and tie strength on creativity.

Social network research emphasizes the access to nonredundant knowledge content that network ties provide. I suggest that some content is more beneficial than others and that tie strength may affect creativity for reasons other than the associated structure. That is, tie strength may affect how individuals process nonredundant knowledge. I investigate 2 types of knowledge content�information (i.e., facts or data) and frames (i.e., interpretations or impressions)�and explore whether tie strength influences their effect on creativity. Drawing on creativity theory, I employ an experimental design to provide greater theoretical clarity and to isolate causality. According to the results from 2 studies, distinct frames received from contacts facilitate creativity, but the effect of distinct information is more complex. When individuals receive distinct information from strong ties, it constrains creativity compared to distinct frames. Content from weak ties appears to facilitate creativity across all scenarios. The results of mediated moderation analysis indicate the effect of framing versus information for strong ties is driven by decision-making time, as an indicator of cognitive expansion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND TO THYROID AND OVARY1

Extracts of anterior pituitary of cattle were shown by Evans to produce corpora lutea or corpus luteum-like structures in the ovary, and by Ascheim and Zondek, as well as by Smith, to cause the growth and maturation of follicles. It was the rat and mouse which served as the test animals in these investigations. In the guinea pig, on the other hand, it could be shown that injections of similar extracts caused in a short time a remarkable transformation of the thyroid gland into one resembling that found in extreme cases of Graves’ disease, a change which could not be obtained in rat, mouse or rabbit and which made much more feasible an experimental study of the stimulating effect of the anterior pituitary gland on the thyroid.
Molekulare Umlagerungen, XXVI1) Ringöffnung durch Desaminierung von substituierten 2‐endo‐Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptylaminen2)

Die Desaminierung von 3-endo-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-endo-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptylamin (4) in Essigsaure/Natriumacetat ergibt Δ3-Cyclohexenyl-phenyl-keton (7) und die Monoacetate der Diole 2-exo-7-anti-Dihydroxy-7-phenyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan (5) und cis-2.6-Dihydroxy-6-exo-phenyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan (6) sowie funf andere Produkte. Die Wiederholung der Desaminierung mit Aminen, die Deuterium in der exo-5.6-Stellung (4a) und in der exo-2-Stellung (4c) enthalten, ergibt neben den ublichen Reaktionsprodukten Δ3-Cyclohexenyl-5.6-d2-phenyl-keton (7a) und Δ3-Cyclohexenyl-4-d-phenyl-keton (7c), das in geringer Menge noch Δ3-Cyclohexenyl-3-d-phenyl-keton (7d) enthalt. Die Bildung von 7d ist beweisend fur den Vorgang G7, und damit der Uberfuhrung des Pinyl-Ions D in das α-Terpineol (3) vergleichbar. Molecular Rearrangements, XXVII1). Ring Opening on Deamination of Substituted 2-endo-Bicyclo[2,2,1]heptylamines2) Deamination of 3-endo-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-endo-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptylamine (4) in acetic acid/sodium acetate leads to Δ3-cyclohexenyl phenyl ketone (7) and monoacetates of the two diols 2-exo-7-anti-dihydroxy-7-phenylbicyclo [2,2,1] heptane (5) and cis-2,6-dihydroxy-6-exo-phenylbicyclo[3,1,1]heptane (6) plus five other products. Repetition of the deamination with amine containing deuterium in the exo-5,6-positions (4a) and in the exo-2-position (4c) leads to the usual products plus the following respective fractions : 1) Δ3-cyclohexenyl-5,6-d2 phenyl ketone (7a) and 2) Δ3-cyclohexenyl-4-d phenyl ketone (7c) containing a small proportion of Δ3-cyclohexenyl-3-d phenyl ketone (7d). The formation of 7d is evidence for the transformation G 7 similar to the transformation of the pinyl ion D to α-terpineol (3).
Mafic intrusion beneath the Zuni-Bandera volcanic field, New Mexico

A positive, northeast-trending gravity anomaly, 90 km long and 30 km wide, extends southwest from the Zuni uplift, New Mexico. A shallow mafic intrusion, possibly emplaced sometime before Laramide deformation, is proposed to account for the positive gravity anomaly. The Zuni-Bandera volcanic field, an alignment of 74 basaltic vents, is parallel to the eastern edge of the anomaly. Lavas display a bimodal distribution of tholeiitic and alkalic compositions and were erupted over a period from 4 m.y. B.P. to present. A residual gravity profile taken perpendicular to the major axis of the anomaly was analyzed using linear programming and ideal body theory to obtain bounds on the density contrast, depth, and minimum thickness of the gravity body. Two-dimensionality was assumed. The limiting case where the anomalous body reaches the surface gives 0.1 g/cm 3 as the greatest lower bound on the maximum density contrast. If 0.4 g/cm 3 is taken as the geologically reasonable upper limit on the maximum density contrast, the least upper bound on the depth of burial is 3.5 km, and minimum thickness is 2 km. Analysis of a magnetotelluric survey suggests that the intrusion is not due to recent basaltic magma associated with the Zuni-Bandera volcanic field. The intrusive structure has controlled the development of the volcanic field; vent orientations have changed somewhat through time, but the trend of the volcanic chain followed the edge of the intrusive structure. The intrusion has also exhibited some control on deformation of the sedimentary section.
Distribution and depletion of [14C]resmethrin isomers administered orally to laying hens

The cis and trans isomers of the synthetic pyrethroid resmethrin, labelled with radiocarbon in either the alcohol or acid moiety, were individually administered orally to White Leghorn laying hens at a dosage of 10 mg kg−1. With each isomer and label position, greater than 90% of the radiocarbon was eliminated in the excreta within 24 h after the treatment. Radiocarbon residues in the egg white and yolk fractions were low, with peak levels observed 1 and 4-5 days after treatment in white and yolk, respectively. In birds sacrificed 12 h after treatment, radiocarbon residues in tissues were low; the highest levels were found in the liver and kidney.
Unplanned reinterventions are associated with postoperative mortality in neonates with critical congenital heart disease

Objective Neonates with critical congenital heart disease remain at risk of adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery. Residual or undiagnosed anatomic lesions might be contributory. The present study aimed to describe the incidence and type of cardiac lesions that lead to early, unplanned cardiac reintervention, identify the risk factors for unplanned reintervention, and explore the associations between unplanned reinterventions and hospital mortality. Methods The present single-center retrospective cohort study included 943 consecutive neonates with critical congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery from 2002 to 2008. An unplanned cardiac reintervention was defined as a cardiac reoperation or interventional cardiac catheterization performed during the same hospitalization as the initial operation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for unplanned cardiac reintervention and hospital mortality. Results Of the 943 neonates, 104 (11%) underwent an unplanned cardiac reintervention. The independent predictors of unplanned reintervention included prenatal diagnosis, lower birth weight, need for mechanical ventilation before the initial cardiac operation, lower attending surgeon experience, and greater Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery, version 1, category. Those who underwent reintervention had increased hospital mortality (n = 33/104, 32%) relative to those who did not (n = 31/839, 4%; adjusted odds ratio, 8.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.7 to 15.6; P P = .66). Conclusions The need for unplanned cardiac reintervention in neonates with critical congenital heart disease is strongly associated with increased mortality. Early unplanned reinterventions might be an important covariate in outcomes studies and useful as a quality improvement measure.
Automatic feature generation for handwritten digit recognition

An automatic feature generation method for handwritten digit recognition is described. Two different evaluation measures, orthogonality and information, are used to guide the search for features. The features are used in a backpropagation trained neural network. Classification rates compare favorably with results published in a survey of high-performance handwritten digit recognition systems. This classifier is combined with several other high performance classifiers. Recognition rates of around 98% are obtained using two classifiers on a test set with 1000 digits per class.
Oviposition Preference and Larval Performance of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Four Eastern North American Hardwood Tree Species

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) is an invasive wood-boring cerambycid beetle that kills hardwood trees. The host range of this species is unusually broad but is not well defined in the available literature and may include tree species that have not been reported as hosts because they have not previously been exposed to the beetle. We evaluated oviposition by A. glabripennis offered a choice of four common eastern North American forest and landscape hardwood tree species, and performance of the resulting larvae, under greenhouse conditions. Significantly greater numbers of oviposition sites were found on sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marshall, than on red maple, Acer rubrum L., green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, or red oak, Quercus rubra L., with no significant differences among the other three tree species. Similarly, significantly greater numbers of living larvae were found in sugar maple than in the other tree species; however, more were found in red oak and fewer in green ash than expected, considering relative numbers of oviposition sites. After 90 d, mean mass of living larvae did not differ significantly among tree species. These results suggest that all four tree species may be suitable hosts for A. glabripennis. Most importantly, although larval establishment was poor in green ash and larval growth may have been retarded in red oak, larvae did survive and grow in both species. We recommend that these tree species be considered potential hosts when surveys are conducted to detect infested trees or when replanting infested areas.
Thinking About the Good Reconfiguring Liberal Metaphysic (or Not) or People with Cognitive Disabilities

Liberalism welcomes diversity in substantive ideas of the good but not in the process whereby these ideas are formed. Ideas of the good acquire weight on the presumption that each is a person’s own, formed independently. But people differ in their capacities to conceptualize. Some, appropriately characterized as cerebral, are proficient in and profoundly involved with conceptualizing. Others, labeled cognitively disabled, range from individuals with mild limitations to those so unable to express themselves that we cannot be sure whether their behavior is mediated by concepts at all. Constricted cognitive capacities have been thought to prevent participation in the prescribed process for forming personalized ideas of the good. So liberal theory, when formulating principles and practices of justice, often disregards cognitively disabled peoples’ perspectives. We put aside metaphysically driven notions about personhood and show how interpersonal processes of ‘‘prosthetic’’ thinking (different from surrogacy) can satisfy liberalism’s standards, positioning cognitively disabled individuals as fully participating subjects of justice.
Hybrid mesh generation using advancing reduction technique

Summary This paper presents an application of the advancing reduction technique for 2D hybrid mesh generation (triangles + quadrilaterals). Based on an initial rectangle mesh (RM) covering the whole domain, the advancing reduction technique coarsens the base RM in a marching way from the boundary to the interior of the domain so that different zones of sub-RMs with different edge lengths are recognized. These sub-RMs are connected to each other with the so-called transition layers which consist of the transition triangles and quadrilaterals. As demonstrated by examples, the proposed method is simple, efficient, and easy to implement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protons Potentiate GluN1/GluN3A Glycinergic NMDA Receptor Currents

GluN1 and GluN3 subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor family form tetrameric cation-permeable channels that are gated by glycine alone and are insensitive to glutamate. They are expressed primarily during early development and their role in cellular physiology is unknown. One hypothesis states that their tonic activation by basal levels of brain glycine controls cellular excitability. Notably, GluN1/GluN3A receptors are selectively up-regulated following ischemia, while ‘classical’ GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing receptors are down-regulated and also strongly inhibited by ischemic acidification. We found that extracellular protons strongly potentiated peak glycine-elicited currents from recombinant GluN1/GluN3A receptors (Ipk, 10-fold at pH 6.8 versus pH 8.0) with a half maximal effect in the physiologic range (EC50 = pH 7.1 ± 0.03). The time-course of current desensitization was also significantly prolonged (2-fold at pH 6.8 versus pH 8.0) and the recovery from desensitization was accelerated (2-fold at pH 6.8 versus pH 7.4). In addition, extracellular protons decreased receptor sensitivity to the agonist glycine (EC50, 48 ± 6 µM at pH 7.4 versus 83 ± 3 µM at pH 6.8) and to the endogenous potentiator Zn2+ (EC50, 32 ± 3 µM at pH 7.4 versus 185 ± 26 µM at pH 6.8). Importantly, we found that extracellular acidification during glycine-elicited steady-state activity produced a large transient influx of positive charge (Ipk, 8-fold at pH 6.8 versus pH 7.4) and increased steady-state activity (Iss/Ipk, 0.03 ± 0.01 at pH 7.4 versus 0.5 ± 0.2 at pH 6.8) which depolarized the membrane substantially (−23 ± 5 mV at pH 7.4 versus −13 ± 3 mV at pH 6.8). Taken together, these results indicate that small pH fluctuations potently modulate GluN1/GluN3A receptor currents and that protons may play a novel positive modulatory role at GluN1/GluN3A receptors in vivo by increasing cellular excitability.
Designing optimal gain sharing plans to promote energy conservation

We analyze the optimal design of gain sharing plans to promote energy conservation. We show how the optimal plan varies as industry conditions and the regulator’s information change. We demonstrate the importance of allowing the energy supplier a choice among plans, some of which offer the prospect of both pronounced financial gains for superior performance and substantial losses for inferior performance.
An Asynchronous Low-Power High-Performance Sequential Decoder Implemented With QDI Templates

This paper presents the design of a channel-based asynchronous sequential decoder implemented with quasi-delay-insensitive templates. The Powermill simulation results in TSMC 0.25-CMOS technology show that the circuit runs at 430 MHz and consumes 32 mW. Techniques to effectively partition and implement the top level design, the implementation of fast shift registers, memories, and various other structures are discussed. Compared to a previously designed synchronous Fano decoder, the asynchronous version consumes 1/3 the power and runs at 2.15 times the speed assuming standard process normalization. The design also highlights the introduction of a standard-cell library and back-end design flow for asynchronous designs based on precharged half buffer (PCHB) templates
From Theism to a Metaphysics of the Incarnation

Using the hypothesis of a God whose purpose it is to create the world and man so that good can be achieved, the philosopher can proceed to explain the facts of experience. However, one fact resists such an explanation, and that is the fact of evil. The error, suffering, and sin in the world seem to defy the contention that the world is created and sustained so that goodness can be realized. How is evil, then, to be explained?1
Treatment table adaptation for patient stabilization while performing cervical manipulation. Suggestion from the field.

Cyriax's techniques of manual cervical traction and manipulation are used frequently by physical therapists for reducing a cervical disk lesion.1 Although these techniques are quite safe and therapeutic, one difficulty is encountered frequently in their use. For the clinician to apply ample distraction of the cervical joints, an assistant is required to stabilize the lower torso. This is a problem for many individuals who are in practice by themselves or work in extremely busy departments. In such settings, an assistant may not be available. To overcome this obstacle, we have designed an adaptation for a treatment table that allows the physical therapist to perform manipulation without an assistant (Fig. 1). The adaptation consists of two components. The first is 8 ft* of chain (attached by double-ended snaps to eyebolts at the footplate of the table) and a lumbar pelvic band (Fig. 2).…
COMPARISON OF APPROACHES FOR “NET CLINICAL BENEFIT” IN PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A NETWORK META-ANALYSES OF RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS

Multiple novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) devices have been tested against adjusted dose warfarin (VKA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for stroke prophylaxis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. No direct comparisons of the efficacy and safety
Observed Practices and Perceived Advantages of Different Hand Cleansing Agents in Rural Bangladesh: Ash, Soil, and Soap

Abstract. Bangladeshi communities have historically used ash and soil as handwashing agents. A structured observation study and qualitative interviews on the use of ash/soil and soap as handwashing agents were conducted in rural Bangladesh to help develop a handwashing promotion intervention. The observations were conducted among 1,000 randomly selected households from 36 districts. Fieldworkers observed people using ash/soil to wash their hand(s) on 13% of occasions after defecation and on 10% after cleaning a child's anus. This compares with 19% of people who used soap after defecation and 27% after cleaning a child who defecated. Using ash/soil or soap was rarely (< 1%) observed at other times recommended for handwashing. The qualitative study enrolled 24 households from three observation villages, where high usage of ash/soil for handwashing was detected. Most informants reported that ash/soil was used only for handwashing after fecal contact, and that ash/soil could clean hands as effectively as soap.
New Calcium Germanium Nitrides: Ca2GeN2, Ca4GeN4, and Ca5Ge2N6

We report three new calcium germanium nitrides synthesized as crystals from the elements in sealed niobium tubes at 760 °C using liquid sodium as a growth medium. Black Ca2GeN2 is isostructural with the previously reported strontium analogue. It is tetragonal P42/mbc (no. 135) with a = 11.2004(8) A, c = 5.0482(6) A, and Z = 8. It contains GeN24- units which have 18 valence electrons, and consequently are bent, like the isoelectronic molecule SO2. In contrast, clear, orange Ca4GeN4 with fully oxidized germanium contains isolated GeN48- tetrahedra and is monoclinic P21/c (no. 14) with a = 9.2823(8) A, b = 6.0429(5) A, c = 11.1612(9) A, β = 116.498(6)°, and Z = 4. Clear, colorless Ca5Ge2N6, also with fully oxidized germanium, contains infinite chains, 1∞[GeN2N2/25-], of corner-sharing tetrahedra similar to those found in pyroxenes. However, the precise structure of this latter phase has not yet been determined because of twinning problems.
Determination of Several Elements in Shellfish by ICP-MS

The method for simultaneous determination of Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in shellfish was introduced by using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry(ICP-MS).The samples were pretreated by microwave digestion,and the matrix effect was corrected by the in-line addition of internal standards,and the mass number interference was amended by applying the correction equation.Satisfactory linearity of working curves were obtained,with the correlation coefficient 0.999 5.RSD below 6.02 % and recoveries from 81.2 % to 108.2 % were obtained in its application to the analysis of samples.The method has been validated by determination of these elements in Mussel Standard Reference material(GBW08571) and the results were in agreement with certified values.
Slab retrieving problem in hot rolling and its tree search algorithm

Slab retrieving problem is an important combinatorial optimization problem in continuous casting and hot rolling.However,it has been seldom researched in literature.Therefore,a lower bound of total number of moves for the slab retrieving problem is proposed.A tree search algorithm minimizing the total number of moves is developed.The tree search algorithm includes a greedy search for an initial feasible solution and a recursive search based on compound moves.Numerous experiments and analyses show that the tree search algorithm can provide satisfactory solutions of the slab retrieving problem in relatively short running time and therefore has important theoretical meaning and practical value.
Combining Stress Exposure and Stress Generation: Does Neuroticism Alter the Dynamic Interplay of Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Following Job Loss?

Objective Emerging models of stress point to a dynamic formulation where stressors and internalizing symptoms reciprocally influence each other. This study tested whether this dynamic interplay is the result of a general internalizing process underlying both depression and anxiety, and whether it varies with neuroticism. Method A total of 426 adults (51% female; 47% White, 42% African American) were assessed five times over 6 months following loss of employment, using repeated measurements of stressors, depression, anxiety, and neuroticism. Results Latent growth across 6 months and multilevel cross-lagged regressions across 6 weeks supported the hypothesis that stressors and internalizing symptoms have reciprocal effects after job loss. Findings for unique variation in depression paralleled those for general internalizing, whereas few findings emerged for general or social anxiety after controlling for internalizing. Neuroticism strengthened the association of change in stressors with change in symptoms across 6 months. Those with high neuroticism showed less reduction in internalizing following reemployment and were less likely to be reemployed when starting with higher internalizing. Conclusions The moderated reciprocal effects model helps account for onset, maintenance, and resolution of symptoms following job loss. We speculate that these findings may be due in part to differential emotion regulation and reductions in motivation.
Implementing Controlled Vocabularies for Computer Game Platforms and Media Formats in SKOS

This article outlines the creation of computer game platform and media format Linked Open Data (LOD) controlled vocabularies by the Game Metadata and Citation Project (GAMECIP). We discuss the need for more consistent and accurate information in computer game library records, define what we mean by “platform” and “media format,” and then elaborate on our research process and issues encountered along the way. Our vocabularies were constructed with the Simple Knowledge Organization System to take advantage of its properties and hierarchical structure. After describing our LOD schema in detail, we conclude with a discussion of future work and a call for more collaboration.
Automated verification: graphs, logic, and automata

Automated verification is one of the most successful applications of automated reasoning in computer science. In automated verification one uses algorithmic techniques to establish the correctness of the design with respect to a given property. Automated verification is based on a small number of key algorithmic ideas, tying together graph theory, automata theory, and logic. In this self-contained talk I will describe how this "holy trinity" gave rise to automated-verification tools, and mention some applications to planning.
Anxiety symptoms bias memory assessment in older adults.

Background Older adults with anxiety and/or depression experience additional memory dysfunction beyond that of the normal aging process. However, few studies have examined test bias in memory assessments due to anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. The current study investigated the influence of self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression on the measurement equivalence of memory tests in older adults. Method This is a secondary analysis of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly dataset, a randomized controlled trial of community-dwelling older adults. Baseline data were included in this study (n = 2802). Multiple indicators multiple causes modeling was employed to assess for measurement equivalence, differential item functioning (DIF), in memory tests. Results The DIF was present for anxiety symptoms but not for depressive symptoms, such that higher anxiety placed older adults at a disadvantage on measures of memory performance. Analysis of DIF impact showed that compared with participants scoring in the bottom quartile of anxious symptoms, participants in the upper quartile exhibited memory performance scores that were 0.26 standard deviation lower. Conclusion Anxious but not depressive symptoms introduce test bias into the measurement of memory in older adults. This indicates that memory models for research and clinical purposes should account for the direct relationship between anxiety symptoms and memory tests in addition to the true relationship between anxiety symptoms and memory construct. These findings support routine assessments of anxiety symptoms among older adults in settings in which cognitive testing is being conducted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust modulation of arousal regulation, performance, and frontostriatal activity through central thalamic deep brain stimulation in healthy nonhuman primates.

Severe brain injuries (SBI) annually encumber an estimated 125,000 individuals in the US with life-long cognitive disabilities, and no effective therapies exist. Central thalamic deep brain stimula...
Parents' experience of unintended childbearing: A qualitative study of factors that mitigate or exacerbate effects

Births resulting from an unintended pregnancy affect individuals differentially, and some may experience more negative consequences than others. In this study, we sought to describe the mechanisms through which the severity of effects may be mitigated or exacerbated. We conducted in-depth interviews with 35 women and 30 men, all with a youngest child born resulting from an unintended pregnancy, in two urban sites in the United States. Respondents described both negative and positive effects of the child's birth in the areas of school; work and finances; partner relationships; personal health and outlook on life trajectories. Mechanisms through which unintended pregnancies mitigated or exacerbated certain effects fell at the individual (e.g. lifestyle modification), interpersonal (e.g. partner support) and structural (e.g. workplace flexibility) levels. These qualitative findings deepen understanding of the impact of unintended childbearing on the lives of women, men and families.
Electron linear accelerator production and purification of scandium-47 from titanium dioxide targets

Abstract The photonuclear production of no-carrier-added (NCA) 47Sc from solid NatTiO2 and the subsequent chemical processing and purification have been developed. Scandium-47 was produced by the 48Ti(γ,p)47Sc reaction with Bremsstrahlung photons produced from the braking of electrons in a high-Z (W or Ta) convertor. Production yields were simulated with the PHITS code (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport-code System) and compared to experimental results. Irradiated TiO2 targets were dissolved in fuming H2SO4 in the presence of Na2SO4 and 47Sc was purified using the commercially available Eichrom DGA resin. Typical 47Sc recovery yields were >90% with excellent specific activity for small batches (
Electron-stimulated reactions in nanoscale water films adsorbed on α-Al2O3(0001)

The radiation-induced decomposition and desorption of nanoscale amorphous solid water (D2O) films adsorbed on an α-Al2O3(0001) surface was studied at low temperature in ultrahigh vacuum using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and electron stimulated desorption (ESD) with a mono-energetic, low energy electron source. ESD yields of molecular products (D2, O2 and D2O) and the total sputtering yield increased with increasing D2O coverage up to ∼15 water monolayers (i.e. ∼15 × 1015 cm-2) to a coverage-independent level for thicker water films. Experiments with isotopically-layered water films (D2O and H2O) demonstrated that the highest water decomposition yields occurred at the interfaces of the nanoscale water films with the alumina substrate and vacuum. However, the increased reactivity of the water/alumina interface is relatively small compared to the enhancements in the non-thermal reactions previously observed at the water/Pt(111) and water/TiO2(110) interfaces. We propose that the relatively low activity of Al2O3(0001) for the radiation-induced production of molecular hydrogen is associated with lower reactivity of this surface with hydrogen atoms, which are likely precursors for the formation of molecular hydrogen.
Bridging Oral and Written Language: An Oral Narrative Language Intervention Study With Writing Outcomes.

Purpose Despite literature showing a correlation between oral language and written language ability, there is little evidence documenting a causal connection between oral and written language skill...
A Wild Solution for Climate Change

In addition to the physical impacts of climate change—the retreat of ice in most places, change in fire regimes, extreme weather events (droughts, major storms), sea level rise and ocean acidification, there are multiple biological impacts. The latter are no longer just modest changes in phenology and geographical distribution. The shift to accelerating change makes a strong case for limiting climate change to no more than 1.5° above pre-industrial temperature. That challenging goal can only be achieved by lowering greenhouse gas concentrations. Restoration of extensive historically degraded and destroyed ecosystems has the potential to substantially lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations—hence a “wild solution” to climate change.
MODIS Instrument Characteristics, Performance, and Data for Climate Studies

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is an instrument designed for comprehensive studies of land, ocean, and atmosphere processes and trends. The first MODIS was launched on the NASA Terra spacecraft in December 1999 into a sun-synchronous orbit with an equator crossing time at 10:30 a.m. The second MODIS was launched on the NASA Aqua spacecraft in May 2002 into a sun-synchronous orbit with an equator crossing time at 1:30 p.m. This chapter describes the procedures leading to carefully calibrated, characterized, and consistent Level 1B observations that are subsequently being confidently used to produce higher-level products contributing to studies of climate change. Illustrative results achieved to date over the 10–12 years that MODIS has been operating are provided. With the successful launch and operation of a very similar instrument called the Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on October 28, 2011 on the Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) satellite, there is a firm commitment to obtain observations consistent with MODIS for the foreseeable future.
Cystic Lesions in the Pancreas

The pre- and intra-operative diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions is important since the management and prognosis varies between different lesions. The majority of pancreatic cystic lesions are pseudocysts that do not require major surgical resections. Fig. 5.1 shows the typical intra-operative management for cystic lesions in response to frozen section diagnosis. Generally the surgeon submits a portion of the cyst for frozen section, and the tissue should be entirely embedded for intra-operative diagnosis. If the clinical impression of pseudocyst is confirmed, the cyst will be drained rather than resected. If an epithelial lining is identified, the lesion will generally be resected and the final diagnosis made at permanent sections. A diagnosis of “benign” is not entirely helpful, as this does not address the surgeon’s primary question regarding the presence of a pseudocyst.
From Microarray to Biology

Microarrays became an essential part of the tools available for a molecular biologist. However, the complexity of data (thousands of genes, several replicates, or time points) poses a significant challenge for data interpretation. Important questions do not have simple answers. Which experimental design to use? How to handle several, often heterogeneous, microarray data sets? Which software tools are available for microarray data analysis? How to use statistics for identification of reproducible results? Given the complexity of the approach to microarray data analysis we focus on the best and most reliable techniques and tools. The reader is encouraged to explore other exciting possibilities in the microarray field and other high-information/high-throughput techniques. This chapter provides an overview of current microarray technologies and provides some answers to the questions above.
A “Helium Flarl” on the active G5 Dwarf Kappa ceti

Observations of stellar flares started with the accidental discovery of a brightening of DH Car by Hertzsprung (1924). Although numerous observations now exist for flare stars; only recently have observations of flares on ordinary, solar-type stars been made (Landini et al. 1986). In this paper we present observations of a flare event in HeI D3 on the G5 dwarf Kappa Cet during routine spectroscopic observations on 24 January 1986.
Merits of Space VLBI Missions for Geodynamics

Two dedicated space VLBI projects are currently in preparation to launch one or more VLBI radio telescopes in orbit between 1993–1996. One in the Soviet Union called RADIOASTRON is already an approved and funded mission. The second one is a Japanese orbiting VLBI mission called VSOP. There is a Western European mission with NASA participation in Phase A Study at ESA called QUASAT. Although this project was not approved by ESA at the end of 1988, it might still be taken into consideration during the next decade. In the meantime in 1986 a successful demonstration of space VLBI was made at the first attempt using the NASA TDRSS satellite.
Fusion of encoder-decoder deep networks improves delineation of multiple nuclear phenotypes.

Nuclear segmentation is an important step for profiling aberrant regions of histology sections. If nuclear segmentation can be resolved, then new biomarkers of nuclear phenotypes and their organization can be predicted for the application of precision medicine. However, segmentation is a complex problem as a result of variations in nuclear geometry (e.g., size, shape), nuclear type (e.g., epithelial, fibroblast), nuclear phenotypes (e.g., vesicular, aneuploidy), and overlapping nuclei. The problem is further complicated as a result of variations in sample preparation (e.g., fixation, staining). Our hypothesis is that (i) deep learning techniques can learn complex phenotypic signatures that rise in tumor sections, and (ii) fusion of different representations (e.g., regions, boundaries) contributes to improved nuclear segmentation. We have demonstrated that training of deep encoder-decoder convolutional networks overcomes complexities associated with multiple nuclear phenotypes, where we evaluate alternative architecture of deep learning for an improved performance against the simplicity of the design. In addition, improved nuclear segmentation is achieved by color decomposition and combining region- and boundary-based features through a fusion network. The trained models have been evaluated against approximately 19,000 manually annotated nuclei, and object-level Precision, Recall, F1-score and Standard Error are reported with the best F1-score being 0.91. Raw training images, annotated images, processed images, and source codes are released as a part of the Additional file 1. There are two intrinsic barriers in nuclear segmentation to HE (ii) delineation of overlapping nuclei is enhanced by fusion of region- and edge-based networks; (iii) fusion of ENets produces an improved result over the fusion of UNets; and (iv) fusion of networks is better than multitask learning. We suggest that our protocol enables processing a large cohort of whole slide images for applications in precision medicine.
Frequency and Circumstances of Falls Reported by Ambulatory Unilateral Lower Limb Prosthesis Users: A Secondary Analysis.

Abstract Background More than 50% of lower limb prosthesis (LLP) users report falling at least once a year, placing them at high risk for adverse health outcomes such as decreased mobility and diminished quality of life. Efforts to decrease falls in LLP users have traditionally focused on developing clinical tests to assess fall risk, designing prosthetic components to improve patient safety, and identifying risk factors to recognize potential fallers. Little attention has been directed toward recording, reporting, and characterizing the circumstances of falls in LLP users. Identifying the most common types of falls could help guide and prioritize clinical and research needs. Objective To characterize the frequency and circumstances of falls reported by unilateral LLP users. Design Secondary analysis of data from 2 cross-sectional studies. Setting Outpatient clinic and research laboratory. Participants Ambulatory unilateral transtibial and transfemoral LLP users (N = 66). Intervention None. Outcome A fall-type classification framework was developed based on biomechanical theory and published falls terminology. Self-reported falls and accompanying narrative descriptions of LLP users’ falls in the previous 12 months were analyzed with the framework. Frequencies, estimated proportions, and estimated counts were compared across fall circumstances using 95% confidence intervals. Results Thirty-eight participants (57.6%) reported 90 falls during the previous year. All reported falls were successfully categorized using the proposed framework. Most falls occurred from disruptions to the base of support, intrinsic destabilizing factors, and a diverse set of fall patterns. Walking on level terrain was the most common activity at the time of a fall. Conclusion This secondary analysis showed that falls remain frequent in ambulatory LLP users and that clinicians and researchers might wish to prioritize falls owing to disruptions of the base of support that occur while walking. Additional research with a larger sample is required to confirm and expand these results. Level of Evidence III
Ultrasonic Communication System Design Using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer

Ultrasonic communication is a technique of transmitting a message through solids such as steel plates or pipes. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are non-contact sensors able to generate and receive ultrasonic waves. In this study, periodic-permanent-magnet (PPM) EMATs are used to produce shear-horizontal (SH) waves. We present experimental results to show channel characterization of SH waves carrying information over the frequency range of 200 kHz to 800 kHz. An experimental ultrasonic communication platform was built for assessing the SH wave propagation through stainless steel plate channels. An arbitrary function generator (AFG) and a power amplifier with 50 dB gain excite PPM-EMAT resulting different SH modes. The transmitted ultrasonic signal is detected by the SH-wave EMAT receiver. The received signal is conditioned, amplified and sampled by a digital oscilloscope. The AFG and the digital oscilloscope can be configured by the computer. In addition, the receiver is connected to an impedance matching network for signal conditioning which minimizes the signal interference and reflections. A random binary message is modulated with amplitude shift keying (ASK) also known as on-off keying (OOK), and the received message is processed to recover the binary code to examine bit error rate (BER). The proposed method can transmit digital data through a 165 cm distance in the presence of undesirable multipath effect with the bit rates of 2.5 kbps under 0.48% BER.