cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRANSMUTATION-PRODUCED SILICON PRECIPITATES IN IRRADIATED ALUMINUM.

Abstract Commercially pure aluminum and an aluminum-1 % nickel alloy exposed to high-fluence neutron irradiation contain a finely divided precipitate phase. This precipitate coarsens markedly during postirradiation annealing. Chemical analyses, electron diffraction, and electron probe microanalyses were used to identify the precipitate as silicon, produced by the transmutation reaction with thermal neutrons 27 Al (n, γ) 28 Al 28 Al → 28 Si + β .
Melphalan and prednisone versus melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide for elderly and/or transplant-ineligible patients with multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis

Trials comparing efficacy of melphalan prednisone (MP) with MP plus thalidomide in transplant ineligible, elderly patients with multiple myeloma have provided conflicting evidence. Although there is agreement regarding improved response rates (RRs) and higher toxicity with the addition of thalidomide to MP, the impact on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) is less clear. We performed a meta-analysis comparing efficacy of melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) and MP by pooling results on RR, PFS and OS reported in all the identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) under a random effects model. Overall, six prospective RCTs, with data extractable from five published trials (n=1571) [corrected] were identified. The pooled odds ratio of responding to therapy with MPT vs MP was 3.39 (P<0.001, 95% CI: 2.24-5.12). The pooled hazard ratios for PFS and OS were and 0.68 (P<0.001; 95% CI: 0.55-0.82) and 0.80 (P=0.07; 95% CI: 0.63-1.02), respectively, in favor of MPT. The odds ratios for high grade peripheral neuropathy and deep venous thrombosis were 6.6 and 2.4, respectively, in favour of MP. There was significant heterogeneity among the RCTs. Our meta-analysis demonstrates that in previously untreated, transplant ineligible, elderly myeloma patients, the addition of T to MP results in significantly improved RR and PFS with a trend towards improvement in OS compared with MP alone, but at a cost of significantly greater toxicity.
Cooperative Human-Machine Fault Diagnosis

Current expert system technology does not permit complete automatic fault diagnosis; significant levels of human intervention are still required. This requirement dictates a need for a division of labor that recognizes the strengths and weaknesses of both human and machine diagnostic skills. Relevant findings from the literature on human cognition are combined with the results of reviews of aircrew performance with highly automated systems to suggest how the interface of a fault diagnostic expert system can be designed to assist human operators in verifying machine diagnoses and guiding interactive fault diagnosis. It is argued that the needs of the human operator should play an important role in the design of the knowledge base.
Chemically Induced Porphyria: Increased Microsomal Heme Turnover after Treatment with Allylisopropylacetamide

Excessive induction of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in rats after treatment with porphyria-inducing chemicals, such as allylisopropylacetamide, is accompanied by a decrease in microsomal heme and cytochrome P450 concentrations. Measurement of the radioactive decay after labeling of the heme moiety of submicrosomal particles shows increased breakdown of heme in rats treated with allylisopropylacetamide. The effects of allylisopropylacetamide on heme synthesis and heme turnover may be interrelated
Resistance of rough plates in a rotating fluid

Abstract Generalizing Navier’s partial slip condition, the flow due to a rough or striated plate moving in a rotating fluid is studied. It is found that the motion of the plate, the fluid surface velocity, and the shear stress are in general not in the same direction. The solution is extended to the case of finite depth, or Couette slip flow in a rotating system. In this case an optimum depth for minimum drag is found. The solutions are also closed form exact solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations. The results are fundamental to flows with Coriolis effects.
The first strange place : the alchemy of race and sex in World War II Hawaii

For close to a million soldiers, sailors and marines on their way to participate in World War II, Hawaii was, as the forward base and staging area for all Pacific operations, their "first strange place". What they found there was a complex crucible in which radically diverse elements - social, racial and sexual - were mingled and transmuted in the heat and strain of war. Drawing on a reservoir of documents, diaries, memoirs and interviews with men and women who were there, the authors recreate the dense, lush atmosphere of wartime Hawaii in this text. Hawaii was also the first place on another kind of journey - the long and troubled journey toward the new American society that began to emerge in the post-war era. Unlike the largely rigid and static social order of pre-war America, this was to be a highly mobile and volatile society of mixed racial and cultural influences, in which, above all, women and minorities would increasingly demand and receive equal status. In this text, Bailey and Farber show how these changes were tested and explored in the highly-charged environment of wartime Hawaii.
J-Estimation Schemes for Internal Circumferential and Axial Surface Cracks in Pipe Elbows

In the spirit of GE/EPRI fracture mechanics procedure, estimation schemes for the crack driving force for circumferentially and axially surface-cracked pressurized elbows subjected to bending are developed. These schemes are based on the results of line-spring/shell model. The line-spring/shell model offers an attractive and inexpensive alternative to performing a large number of analyses of surface-cracked structures. This model has been shown to provide accurate predictions in comparison with the more involved three-dimensional model by Mohan (1998). Using the results of this model and following the GE/EPRI procedure, the coefficient function F 1 and h 1 , which provide the necessary information for predicting the crack driving force in cracked elbows, for several elbow and crack geometries are tabulated.
Widening the effective field of view of adaptive-optics telescopes by deconvolution from wave-front sensing: average and signal-to-noise ratio performance

A fundamental problem of adaptive-optics systems is the very narrow corrected field of view that can be obtained because turbulence is extended in altitude throughout the atmosphere. The correctable field of view is of the order of 5-10 µrad at visible wavelengths and increases as the wavelength increases. Previous concepts to broaden the corrected field of view have been hardware oriented, requiring multiple wave-front sensor (WFS) measurements to control multiple deformable mirrors. We analyze the average and the signal-to-noise-ratio performance of an image measurement and postprocessing technique that uses simultaneous measurements of a short-exposure compensated image measured in an off-axis direction; an additional WFS measurement is taken in the off-axis direction. Results are presented for infinite-altitude WFS beacons driving both the WFS for the adaptive optics and the WFS looking in the off-axis direction, a variety of seeing and WFS light-level conditions, and off-axis angles from two to six times the isoplanatic angle. This technique improves the average effective transfer function out to a field angle of at least six times the isoplanatic angle while providing a higher signal-to-noise ratio in the spatial frequency domain.
The memorialization of September 11: Dominant and local discourses on the rebuilding of the World Trade Center site

An inherent tension exists between the meanings of the World Trade Center site created by dominant political and economic players and the significance of the space for those who actually live near it. Most of the writing on and analysis of the site have focused on the construction of a memorial space for an imagined national and global community of visitors who identify with its broader, state-produced meanings. But New Yorkers, in general, and downtown residents, in particular, bring to meaning making their own personal involvement in and knowledge of a located history that has social, political, and economic significance for their everyday lives. These meanings are as much a part of memorialization as the dominant players' political machinations and economic competition for space and status. Uncovering and eliciting these local memorial discourses is part of an ethnographic project that focuses on how personalized narratives of loss emerge and are manipulated within mass-mediated representations of the World Trade Center space. My contribution to understanding how the memorial process works has been to analyze what downtown residents say about their experience of September 11 and its aftermath, to record their feelings about a memorial, and, in so doing, to contest, expand, and modify the dominant media and governmental representations of September 11 and its memorialization.
The Capacity of the Kanerva Associative Memory is Exponential

The capacity of an associative memory is defined as the maximum number of vords that can be stored and retrieved reliably by an address within a given sphere of attraction. It is shown by sphere packing arguments that as the address length increases, the capacity of any associative memory is limited to an exponential growth rate of 1 - h2(δ), where h2(δ) is the binary entropy function in bits, and δ is the radius of the sphere of attraction. This exponential growth in capacity can actually be achieved by the Kanerva associative memory, if its parameters are optimally set. Formulas for these optimal values are provided. The exponential growth in capacity for the Kanerva associative memory contrasts sharply with the sub-linear growth in capacity for the Hopfield associative memory.
The SHAPE Paradigm A Commentary

Atherosclerosis is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease trigerred by lipoprotein retention in the subendothelium and produces its most serious manifestations by triggering arterial thrombosis when the plaque ruptures or erodes.1 Atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the West and is achieving similar dubious distinction in developing countries.2 Atherosclerosis begins at a young age, but it remains clinically silent for a long time and the majority of clinical manifestations occur later in life. Despite considerable progress, regrettably 50% of life-threatening acute cardiovascular events occur in previously asymptomatic individuals. Identifying individuals at risk for future cardiovascular events affords an opportunity for risk reduction and thus remains a major imperative for healthcare professionals. In 2006 the SHAPE (Society for Heart Attack Prevention and Education) Task Force introduced an algorithm incorporating noninvasive screening for subclinical atherosclerosis to augment risk factor–based risk stratification in asymptomatic subjects between the ages of 45 to 75 in men and 55 to 75 in women, excluding those at very low risk or at high risk.3 In June 2009, the Texas Governor Rick Perry signed off on the Texas Heart Attack Prevention Bill introduced by Rep Rene Oliveira, mandating health-benefit plans to cover noninvasive screening for subclinical atherosclerosis. This bill grew out of the 2006 SHAPE Task Force guidelines and became effective September 1, 2009; an earlier version of the bill had been rejected in 2007. This generated a mixed reaction from healthcare professionals and others, much of which played out in the media. The critics argued that such an action is inappropriate because: (1) the SHAPE guidelines were created by an ad hoc group and had not been explicitly endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) or the American Heart Association (AHA), and (2) SHAPE guidelines are not based on randomized clinical …
Application Exploration for 3-D Integrated Circuits: TCAM, FIFO, and FFT Case Studies

3-D stacking and integration can provide system advantages. This paper explores application drivers and computer-aided design (CAD) for 3-D integrated circuits (ICs). Interconnect-rich applications especially benefit, sometimes up to the equivalent of two technology nodes. This paper presents physical-design case studies of ternary content-addressable memories (TCAMs), first-in first-out (FIFO) memories, and a 8192-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor in order to quantify the benefit of the through-silicon vias in an available 180-nm 3-D process. The TCAM shows a 23% power reduction and the FFT shows a 22% reduction in cycle-time, coupled with an 18% reduction in energy per transform.
The Short-Term Effectiveness of a Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program in a College Setting with Residence Life Advisers

Although the college years prove to be a vulnerable time for students and a critical period for suicide prevention, few school-based prevention strategies have been empirically evaluated. The current study examined the short-term effects of Question, Persuade, and Refer (QPR), a gatekeeper training program that teaches how to recognize warning signs, question suicidal intent, listen to problems, and refer for help. One hundred twenty-two residence advisers (RAs) who were trained in QPR demonstrated significant post-training gains across a variety of domains relevant to suicide and suicide prevention, with 60 who completed the follow-up assessment showing sustained knowledge and appraisals into the following semester. Although these gains were generally more substantial for RAs trained in QPR, 86 controls who completed both baseline and follow-up assessments also demonstrated changes in appraisals relevant to suicide and suicide prevention, despite having not received QPR training. Editors' Strategic Implications this study provides some promising evidence on gatekeeper training for RAs in terms of suicide prevention knowledge and attitudes. As the authors note, replication, rigorous evaluation, and studies of systemic efforts and behavioral outcomes are needed.
Representability in second-order propositional poly-modal logic

A propositional system of modal logic is second-order if it contains quantifiers ∀ p and ∃ p which, in the standard interpretation, are construed as ranging over sets of possible worlds (propositions). Most second-order systems of modal logic are highly intractable; for instance, when augmented with propositional quantifiers, K, B, T, K4 and S4 all become effectively equivalent to full second-order logic. An exception is S5, which, being interpretable in monadic second-order logic, is decidable. In this paper we generalize this framework by allowing multiple modalities. While this does not affect the undecidability of K, B, T, K4 and S4, poly-modal second-order S5 is dramatically more expressive than its mono-modal counterpart. As an example, we establish the definability of the transitive closure of finitely many modal operators. We also take up the decidability issue, and, using a novel encoding of sets of unordered pairs by partitions of the leaves of certain graphs, we show that the second-order propositional logic of two S5 modalitities is also equivalent to full second-order logic.
Effect of Varying Numbers of Isolates from Countable Agar Plates on the Calculated Distribution of Microbial Types in Meats

Percentage distribution of microbial types in the aerobic microflora of ten meat samples was calculated based on identification of different numbers of isolates (colonies) from countable plates. Numbers of isolates per countable plate used in calculations were (1) all isolates (n), (2) randomly selected isolates (√n, 20, 30, 40 and 50), and (3) one of each of the colony types. With increasing number of randomly selected isolates, differences in distribution of microbial types calculated with a limited number and with all of the isolates became smaller. Microbial distributions calculated on the basis of identification of colony types compared favorably with those calculated on the basis of 30 randomly selected isolates.
Effect of dietary coarsely ground corn on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, and digesta particle size distribution and retention time

Abstract Dietary structural material has been reported to improve broiler live performance and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) function. In this 50 d cage study, the effects of coarsely ground corn (CC) inclusion on broiler live performance, GIT development, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and nitrogen (N), and digesta particle size distribution and retention time were investigated. This study included 3 CC inclusions (0, 25, and 50% fine corn [FC] replaced by CC), with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds per treatment. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 35 and 42 d was improved (P
The Female Urinary Microbiome: a Comparison of Women with and without Urgency Urinary Incontinence

ABSTRACT Bacterial DNA and live bacteria have been detected in human urine in the absence of clinical infection, challenging the prevailing dogma that urine is normally sterile. Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) is a poorly understood urinary condition characterized by symptoms that overlap urinary infection, including urinary urgency and increased frequency with urinary incontinence. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome warrants investigation into whether bacteria contribute to UUI. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to classify bacterial DNA and expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) techniques to isolate live bacteria in urine collected by using a transurethral catheter from women with UUI and, in comparison, a cohort without UUI. For these cohorts, we demonstrated that the UUI and non-UUI urinary microbiomes differ by group based on both sequence and culture evidences. Compared to the non-UUI microbiome, sequencing experiments revealed that the UUI microbiome was composed of increased Gardnerella and decreased Lactobacillus . Nine genera ( Actinobaculum , Actinomyces , Aerococcus , Arthrobacter , Corynebacterium , Gardnerella , Oligella , Staphylococcus , and Streptococcus ) were more frequently cultured from the UUI cohort. Although Lactobacillus was isolated from both cohorts, distinctions existed at the species level, with Lactobacillus gasseri detected more frequently in the UUI cohort and Lactobacillus crispatus most frequently detected in controls. Combined, these data suggest that potentially important differences exist in the urinary microbiomes of women with and without UUI, which have strong implications in prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of UUI. IMPORTANCE New evidence indicates that the human urinary tract contains microbial communities; however, the role of these communities in urinary health remains to be elucidated. Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) is a highly prevalent yet poorly understood urinary condition characterized by urgency, frequency, and urinary incontinence. Given the significant overlap of UUI symptoms with those of urinary tract infections, it is possible that UUI may have a microbial component. We compared the urinary microbiomes of women affected by UUI to those of a comparison group without UUI, using both high-throughput sequencing and extended culture techniques. We identified statistically significant differences in the frequency and abundance of bacteria present. These differences suggest a potential role for the urinary microbiome in female urinary health.
On the instabilities of supersonic mixing layers - A high-Mach-number asymptotic theory

The stability of a family of tanh mixing layers is studied at large Mach numbers using perturbation methods. It is found that the eigenfunction develops a multilayered structure, and the eigenvalue is obtained by solving a simplified version of the Rayleigh equation (with homogeneous boundary conditions) in one of these layers which lies in either of the external streams. Our analysis leads to a simple hypersonic similarity law which explains how spatial and temporal phase speeds and growth rates scale with Mach number and temperature ratio. Comparisons are made with numerical results, and it is found that this similarity law provides a good qualitative guide for the behaviour of the instability at high Mach numbers. In addition to this asymptotic theory, some fully numerical results are also presented (with no limitation on the Mach number) in order to explain the origin of the hypersonic modes (through mode splitting) and to discuss the role of oblique modes over a very wide range of Mach number and temperature ratio.
Why Might Distance Make the Heart Grow Fonder?: A Relational Turbulence Model Investigation of the Maintenance of Long Distance and Geographically Close Romantic Relationships

Following the relational turbulence model, we examined the extent to which relational uncertainty and partner interference mediate distance and relational maintenance, here assessed as relational continuity constructional units (RCCUs), as predictors of relational turbulence. Results were consistent with and extend the relational turbulence model, with relational uncertainty mediating RCCUs and partner interference mediating distance. In addition to highlighting RCCUs as a communicative buffer against relational uncertainty, the results reveal a complex picture of geographic distance. Addressing mixed findings in previous research, it appears distance may foster relational turbulence yet also predict reduced turbulence when accompanied by diminished partner interference.
Hypoxia, clonal selection, and the role of HIF-1 in tumor progression.

Tumor progression occurs as a result of the clonal selection of cells in which somatic mutations have activated oncogenes or inactivated tumor suppressor genes leading to increased proliferation an...
A Stem Cell–Based Approach to Cartilage Repair

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that involves the destruction of articular cartilage and eventually leads to disability. Molecules that promote the selective differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes may stimulate the repair of damaged cartilage. Using an image-based high-throughput screen, we identified the small molecule kartogenin, which promotes chondrocyte differentiation (median effective concentration = 100 nM), shows chondroprotective effects in vitro, and is efficacious in two OA animal models. Kartogenin binds filamin A, disrupts its interaction with the transcription factor core-binding factor β subunit (CBFβ), and induces chondrogenesis by regulating the CBFβ-RUNX1 transcriptional program. This work provides new insights into the control of chondrogenesis that may ultimately lead to a stem cell—based therapy for osteoarthritis.
Long-term memory in pigeons: I. The role of discrimination problem difficulty assessed by reacquisition measures II. The role of stimulus modality assessed by generalization slope

Abstract Pigeons learned either an easy or a difficult line angle discrimination (Experiment 1) or wavelength discrimination (Experiment 2), and then they were given a reacquisition test of retention after delays of 1 min, 1 day, or 1 week. Both percentage of responses to the S+ in the initial 10-trial block and number of blocks to criterion showed a progressive memory loss which was greater for the difficult problem. These results extend recent findings by using a free operant rather than a discrete trial task and by varying problem difficulty by altering the dimensional separation between training stimuli. In Experiment 3, pigeons were given variable interval training with either a wavelength or a line angle stimulus, and then they were tested for generalization in extinction after delays of 1 min, 1 day, and 1 week. With both dimensions, the relative gradients became progressively flatter with increasing delay intervals. This replicates earlier findings and extends them to the line angle dimension. The evidence of substantial forgetting in the first 24 h in all three experiments suggests that operant free-response procedures are more sensitive to forgetting effects than are discrete trial tasks.
Impact of a user on the performance of MIMO antenna systems in small wireless devices

The antenna of a single antenna mobile device is impacted by the presence of the user. Advances have been made in characterizing this effect. However, in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna systems, this loading effect is even more complicated. This paper presents a study of a MIMO antenna system and the impact of the user on MIMO performance. The MIMO performance of the antenna systems is assessed using tools that combine the active E-field radiation patterns of the antennas with appropriate channel models. The studies properly treat the effect of the user on the antenna system via an electromagnetics exact formulation. It is shown that MIMO antennas in wireless devices provide a degree of system robustness under a variety of simulated usage conditions.
Cross-Frequency Coupling, Skewness, and Blocking in the Northern Hemisphere Winter Circulation

Abstract Variability in daily wintertime [December–February (DJF)] 500-hPa heights on low [L: (6 day)−1] frequencies is examined using 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. Leading EOFs of L correspond to planetary-scale teleconnection patterns; those of M to retrograding, eastward-dispersing long waves oriented along great circle routes; and those of H to baroclinic waves in the climatological-mean storm tracks. In the Atlantic sector, EOF 1 of M appears to be embedded in EOF 1 of L. Cross-frequency coupling between L and M exhibits distinctive patterns. In the Atlantic sector the negative polarity of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) with above-normal heights over Greenland is associated with enhanced M variability over Greenland. An analogous relationship is observed in the Pacific sector between an NAO-like pattern and the variance of M over Alaska. Cross-frequency coupling between L and H in both sectors is indicative of a reinforcement ...
Surface-Bound Gradients for Studies of Soft Materials Behavior

We provide a succinct account of surface-bound gradient structures created from soft materials or those facilitating the study of soft materials behavior. We commence by classifying the chief attributes of gradient structures and offer a few examples of fabrication methods employed to generate such structures. We then illustrate the versatility of gradient assemblies in functioning as recording media for monitoring a physico-chemical process, facilitating fast screening of physico-chemical phenomena, and playing an important part in the design and fabrication of surface-anchored molecular and macromolecular engines for the directed transport of soft materials.
Efficient Sampling for Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos Applications with Multiple Uncertain Input Variables

The accuracy and the computational e!ciency of a Point-Collocation Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos (NIPC) method applied to stochastic problems with multiple uncertain input variables has been investigated. Two stochastic model problems with multiple uniform random variables were studied to determine the e"ect of di"erent sampling methods (Random, Latin Hypercube, and Hammersley) for the selection of the collocation points. The e" ect of the number of collocation points on the accuracy of polynomial chaos expansions were also investigated. The results of the stochastic model problems show that all three sampling methods exhibit a similar performance in terms of the the accuracy and the computational e!ciency of the chaos expansions. It has been observed that using a number of collocation points that is twice more than the minimum number required gives a better approximation to the statistics at each polynomial degree. This improvement can be related to the increase of the accuracy of the polynomial coe!cients due to the use of more information in their calculation. The results of the stochastic model problems also indicate that for problems with multiple random variables, improving the accuracy of polynomial chaos coe!cients in NIPC approaches may reduce the computational expense by achieving the same accuracy level with a lower order polynomial expansion. To demonstrate the application of Point-Collocation NIPC to an aerospace problem with multiple uncertain input variables, a stochastic computational aerodynamics problem which includes the numerical simulation of steady, inviscid, transonic flow over a three-dimensional wing with an uncertain free-stream Mach number and angle of attack has been studied. For this study, a 5 th degree Point-Collocation NIPC expansion obtained with Hammersley sampling was capable of estimating the statistics at an accuracy level of 1000 Latin Hypercube Monte Carlo simulations with a significantly lower computational cost.
EFFECT OF REYNOLDS NUMBER ON THE UNSTEADY FLOW AND ACOUSTIC FIELDS OF SUPERSONIC CAVITY

Numerical simulations are conducted to study the flow and acoustic fields for unsteady supersonic turbulent flow over an open cavity using Detached Eddy Simulations for two different Reynolds numbers. Results are presented for pressure fluctuations history, vorticity iso-surfaces and turbulent kinetic energy and sound pressure levels spectra. The results reveal higher sound pressure levels (SPL), and finer scale structures within the cavity at the higher Reynolds number.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Prognostic factors in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in the rituximab era

To assess the effect of rituximab therapy and other prognostic factors on overall survival in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) after solid organ transplantation, 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with PTLD between 1999 and 2002 were analyzed. Fifteen (50%) patients received rituximab (375 mg/m(2) once a week). Fifteen (50%) patients had other interventions including observation, immunosuppression reduction, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination of these. Patients receiving rituximab vs. non-rituximab differed in the following variables: age at diagnosis of PTLD (P = 0.009), days to PTLD (P = 0.0005), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in situ hybridization status (P = 0.02) and CD20-positive status (P = 0.006). At the time of last follow-up, 10 (33%) patients in the rituximab group and 5 (17%) in the non-rituximab group were alive. On univariate analysis for overall survival of all 30 patients, the significant factors were: treatment with rituximab (P = 0.03), response to treatment (P = 0.005), CD20 positive (P = 0.0004), low international prognostic index (IPI; P = 0.02) and good performance status (P = 0.009). Multivariate analysis of all patients was significant for CD20-positive status (P = 0.0007) and low performance status (P = 0.006). On multivariate analysis for overall survival in patients with CD20-positive PTLD, low IPI (P = 0.004) and rituximab therapy (P = 0.03) were significant. Low IPI and rituximab therapy led to an improved overall survival in patients with CD20-positive PTLD.
2nd workshop on programming for mobile and touch: PROMOTO 2014

Today, easy-to-use mobile devices like smartphones and tablets are becoming more prevalent than traditional PCs and laptops. New programming languages are emerging to enable programmers to develop software easily-leveraging the exciting advances in existing hardware, and providing abstractions that fit the capabilities of target platforms with multiple sensors, touch and cloud capabilities. PROMOTO brings together researchers who have been exploring new programming paradigms, embracing the new realities of always connected, touch-enabled mobile devices. PROMOTO 2014 would like to invite contributions covering technical aspects of cross-platform computing, cloud computing, social applications and security.
Effects of Cry1Ab-Expressing Corn Anthers on the Movement of Monarch Butterfly Larvae

Decreased larval feeding and weight of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., have been detected after 4 d of exposure in the laboratory to a high density of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-expressing anthers. One hypothesis is that larvae exposed to Bt anthers exhibit increased wandering, resulting in less feeding and lower weight gain. To test this hypothesis, 2-d-old monarch butterfly larvae exposed to milkweed leaf disks with no anthers, anthers that express Bt (Cry1Ab, event MON810), or other non-Bt anthers were observed using a video-tracking system. As had been shown in previous studies, larvae exposed to Bt anthers fed less and gained less weight than larvae exposed to non-Bt or no anthers, yet there was no evidence of feeding on anthers. Total distance moved, maximum displacement from release point, percentage of time spent moving or near anthers, or mean turn angle did not differ across treatments. However, larvae exposed to Bt anthers spent more time off milkweed leaf disks than those exposed to no anthers and were more likely to move off the leaf than larvae exposed to non-Bt anthers. Results suggest that larvae exposed to Bt anthers behave differently and that ingestion may not be the only way Bt can affect nontarget insects like the monarch butterfly.
Adaptive Oversampling for Imbalanced Data Classification

Data imbalance is known to significantly hinder the generalization performance of supervised learning algorithms. A common strategy to overcome this challenge is synthetic oversampling, where synthetic minority class examples are generated to balance the distribution between the examples of the majority and minority classes. We present a novel adaptive oversampling algorithm, Virtual, that combines the benefits of oversampling and active learning. Unlike traditional resampling methods which require preprocessing of the data, Virtual generates synthetic examples for the minority class during the training process, therefore it removes the need for an extra preprocessing stage. In the context of learning with Support Vector Machines, we demonstrate that Virtual outperforms competitive oversampling techniques both in terms of generalization performance and computational complexity.
Hyperinsulinemia in rats with obesity-inducing amygdaloid lesions

Electrolytic lesions of the posterodorsal aspects of the medial division of the extended amygdala in female rats result in hyperphagia and excessive weight gain. In the present study, the effects of such lesions on plasma insulin, glucose, corticosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone were assessed during a period of food restriction and again after a 15-day period of food ad libitum. Compared with control animals, the rats with amygdaloid lesions were hyperinsulinemic under both conditions and gained substantially more weight when fed ad libitum. No difference between groups was observed for the other hormones. It is concluded that damage to the posterodorsal aspects of the medial amygdala results in a primary metabolic dysfunction that accounts, at least in part, for the overeating and excessive weight gain.
The Italian legal tradition

First published in 1997, this volume provides the reader from a common law background with an introduction to the Legal System and basic private law institutions of contemporary Italy. It aims to afford a basic understanding, rather than a detailed presentation, of Italian law, through an appreciation of its historical development within the civil law tradition and its place in that family of legal systems descended from Roman law. Having described Italy’s place in European legal history and identified the main features of civil law systems generally, it examines the structure of the modern Italian State, its legislative process. Constitution, legal professions and systems of civil, criminal and administrative justice. The last third is devoted to private law, in particular the law relating to the family, property, contracts and civil wrongs, particular attention being paid to differences between the civil and common law approaches to these subjects. It is a readable, lucid and systematic account of its subject.
Diameter-dependent surface photovoltage and surface state density in single semiconductor nanowires.

Based on single-nanowire surface photovoltage measurements and finite-element electrostatic simulations, we determine the surface state density, Ns, in individual n-type ZnO nanowires as a function of nanowire diameter. In general, Ns increases as the diameter decreases. This identifies an important origin of the recently reported diameter dependence of the surface recombination velocity, which has been commonly considered to be independent of the diameter. Furthermore, through the determination of the surface carrier lifetime, we suggest that the diameter dependence of the surface state density accounts for the rather abrupt transition from bulk-limited to surface-limited carrier transport over a narrow nanowire diameter regime (∼30–40 nm). These findings are supported by the comparison between bulk-limited and surface-dependent minority carrier diffusion lengths measured at various diameters.
The effect of two diverse inhalation anesthetic agents on serotonin in discrete regions of the rat brain

Sensitive radioisotopic enzymatic methods were used to determine 5-HT levels in 16 different regions of brain from rats anesthetized for 90–105 min with 1% halothane or 18% cyclopropane. These two anesthetics were chosen because of their differing effects on the electroencephalogram and on the cardio-vascular and respiratory systems. 5-HT levels in the nucleus amygdaloideus centralis, substantia nigra, and nucleus centralis superior were increased after administration of either anesthetic, but only anesthesia with cyclopropane was associated with an increase in 5-HT level in the nucleus raphe dorsalis. The changes in levels of transmitter does not distinguish cause from effect of anesthesia, and further experiments are needed to delineate what role, if any, the specific areas play in muscle relaxation, analgesia, sleep or anesthesia.
Proton-coupledl-lysine uptake by renal brush border membrane vesicles from mullet (Mugil cephalus)

The uptake of the basic amino acid,l-lysine, was studied in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from the kidney of the striped mullet (Mugil cephalus). The uptake ofl-lysine was not significantly stimulated by a Na+ gradient and no overshoot was observed. However, when a proton gradient (pH0-5.5; pHi=8.3) was imposed across the membrane in the absence of Na+, uptake was transiently stimulated. When the proton gradient was short circuited by the proton ionophore, carbonylcyanidep-triflouromethoxyphenyl hydrazone, proton gradient-dependent uptake of lysine was inhibited. Kinetics of lysine uptake determined under equilibrium exchange conditions indicated that theVmax increased as available protons increased (2.1 nmol/min/mg protein at pH 7.5 to 3.7 nmol/min/mg at pH 5.5), whereas the apparentKm(4.9±0.6mm) was not altered appreciably. When membrane potential (inside negative) was imposed by K+ diffusion via valinomycin, a similar (but smaller) stimulation of lysine uptake was observed. When the membrane potential and the proton gradient were imposed simultaneously, a much higher stimulation in lysine uptake was shown, and the uptake of lysine was approximately the sum of the components measured separately. These results indicate that the uptake mechanism for basic amino acids is different from that of neutral or acidic amino acids and that the proton-motive force can provide the driving force for the uptake ofl-lysine into the isolated brush border membrane vesicles.
POST-STALL LIFT ENHANCEMENT ON AN AIRFOIL BY LOCAL UNSTEADY CONTROL Part II. Mode Competition and Vortex Dynamics

The physical mechanisms responsible to post-stall flow control on an airfoil by unsteady forcing, as has been observed by both experiment and computation, are explored in terms of nonlinear mode competition and resonance, as well as vortex dynamics. The analysis is based on the data base of a two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged turbulent flow over a NACA-0012 airfoil at different angles of attack and forcing frequencies, reported in a companion paper. A local forcing with proper frequency can monitor the leading-edge shear layer and trailing vortex, so that the instability frequency of the former and the shedding frequency of the latter both shift to a harmonic or subharmonic of the forcing frequency, to form a well-ordered resonance. Depending on the frequency, unforced chaotic flow, forced periodic or quasi-periodi c flow, and forced chaotic flow, are observed. This resonance is associated with the process that the forcing strengthens the entrainment of the lifting vortex, suppresses random secondary and tertiary separations, and squeezes the unfavorable trailing vortex into a narrow region and pushes it downstream.
On the Performance of SQP Methods for Nonlinear Optimization

This paper concerns some practical issues associated with the formulation of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods for large-scale nonlinear optimization. SQP methods find approximate solutions of a sequence of quadratic programming (QP) subproblems in which a quadratic model of the Lagrangian is minimized subject to the linearized constraints. Numerical results are given for 1153 problems from the CUTEst test collection. The results indicate that SQP methods based on maintaining a quasi-Newton approximation to the Hessian of the Lagrangian function are both reliable and efficient for general large-scale optimization problems. In particular, the results show that in some situations, quasi-Newton SQP methods are more efficient than interior methods that utilize the exact Hessian of the Lagrangian. The paper concludes with discussion of an SQP method that employs both approximate and exact Hessian information. In this approach the quadratic programming subproblem is either the conventional subproblem defined in terms of a positive-definite quasi-Newton approximate Hessian or a convexified subproblem based on the exact Hessian.
A submillisecond‐response liquid crystal for color sequential projection displays

We report a new LC with low viscosity and high clearing point (Tc ~102 °C) for color-sequential projection displays. Using a 1.95-µm mixed-mode twisted nematic cell, the averaged gray-to-gray response time is less than 1 ms, which is ~3.6× faster than the current state of the art. Such a mixed-mode twisted nematic liquid-crystal-on-silicon can be used for near-to-eye wearable projection displays and head-up displays in vehicles.
Design and Implementation of Unix Host Security Audit Software Based on Knowledge Base

Security audit is important for Unix host security,also for business application which running on Unix host.The paper analyzes configuration security of Unix operating system,according disadvantages of conventional audit method,a Unix host configuration security audit scheme based on knowledge base is proposed.Then the paper gives the implementation of the scheme.
Complementary Tube Cecostomy: Evaluation of 16 Years Experience with 235 Cases

Complementary cecostomy is a useful, safe procedure which should be used routinely in elective resections of the left colon and rectosigmoid for malignant, benign, and inflammatory disease.
Benefits to smallholders? Evaluating the World Food Programme's Purchase for Progress pilot.

Abstract The United Nations World Food Programme's (WFP's) Purchase for Progress (P4P), a multi-year, multi-country pilot, sought to improve smallholder farmer wellbeing through a combination of food purchases from farmer organizations and supply-side interventions. We examine the impacts of P4P on smallholder farmers in Tanzania, using panel data on members of participating and comparison farmer organizations. P4P targeted participants based on pre-existing warehouses locations. To account for possible selection on observables, we use propensity score matching, limiting the sample to participating farmers and their matches, and then compute conditional difference-in-differences. While participating small farmers increase their commercial farming activity relative to comparison farmers, we do not find evidence of increased income, increased food consumption scores or increased crop value. We discuss possible factors contributing to these findings, including WFP's diverse objectives and the targeting of farmer organizations rather than smallholders.
CryoSheds: a GIS modeling framework for delineating land-ice watersheds for the Greenland Ice Sheet

Choice of watershed delineation technique is an important source of uncertainty for cryo-hydrologic studies of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), with different methods yielding different watersheds for a common pour point. First, this paper explores this uncertainty for the Akuliarusiarsuup Kuua River Northern Tributary, Western Greenland. Next, a standardized, semi-automated modeling framework for generating land-ice watersheds for GrIS land-terminating ice (henceforth referred to as CryoSheds) using geographic information systems (GIS) hydrologic modeling tools is presented. The framework uses ArcGIS and the ArcPy geoprocessing library to delineate two types of land-ice watersheds, namely those defined by: (1) a hydraulic pressure potential with varying water to ice overburden pressure ratios (k-value), which determines theoretical flow paths from the hydrostatic equation, using surface and bedrock digital elevation models (DEMs) and (2) a surface topography DEM alone. Lastly, a demonstration of the CryoS...
Effect of replenishment and backroom on retail shelf-space planning

Shelf-space optimization models support retailers in making optimal shelf-space decisions. They determine the number of facings for each item included in an assortment. One common characteristic of these models is that they do not account for in-store replenishment processes. However, the two areas of shelf-space planning and in-store replenishment are strongly interrelated. Keeping more shelf stock of an item increases the demand for it due to higher visibility, permits decreased replenishment frequencies and increases inventory holding costs. However, because space is limited, it also requires the reduction of shelf space for other items, which then deplete faster and must be reordered and replenished more often. Furthermore, the possibility of keeping stock of certain items in the backroom instead of the showroom allows for more showroom shelf space for other items, but also generates additional replenishment costs for the items kept in the backroom. The joint optimization of both shelf-space decisions and replenishment processes has not been sufficiently addressed in the existing literature. To quantify the cost associated with the relevant in-store replenishment processes, we conducted a time and motion study for a German grocery retailer. Based on these insights, we propose an optimization model that addresses the mutual dependence of shelf-space decisions and replenishment processes. The model optimizes retail profits by determining the optimum number of facings, the optimum display orientation of items, and the optimum order frequencies, while accounting for space-elasticity effects as well as limited shelf and backroom space. Applying our model to the grocery retailer’s canned foods category, we found a profit potential of about 29%. We further apply our model to randomly generated data and show that it can be solved to optimality within very short run times, even for large-scale problem instances. Finally, we use the model to show the impact of backroom space availability and replenishment cost on retail profits and solution structures. Based on the insights gained from the application of our model, the grocery retailer has decided to change its current approach to shelf-space decisions and in-store replenishment planning.