cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further evidence of an association between behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders: Results from a family study of children from a non-clinical sample

Abstract Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar, identifiable in early childhood and reflecting the tendency to exhibit withdrawal and excessive autonomic arousal to challenge or novelty, has been found to be prevalent in young offspring of parents with panic disorder and agoraphobia and associated with risk for anxiety disorders in these children. Using family study methodology, we now examine psychopathology in first degree relatives of children from a non-clinical longitudinal cohort identified at 21 months of age as inhibited ( N =22) or uninhibited ( N =19) and followed through the age of seven years for a study of preservation of temperamental characteristics in normal children. These assessments were compared with evaluations of the first degree relatives of 20 normal comparison children. Psychiatric assessments of parents ( N =110) and siblings ( N =72) were based on structured interviews conducted blindly to the temperamental classification of the index child. Parents of inhibited children, compared with parents of uninhibited and normal controls, had significantly higher risks for multiple (≥2) anxiety disorders, continuing anxiety disorders (both a childhood and adulthood anxiety disorder in the same parent), social phobia, and childhood avoidant and overanxious disorders. These findings provide additional support for the hypothesis linking behavioral inhibition with risk for anxiety disorder.
Characterization of turf practices in five North Carolina communities.

Limited information exists on specific urban lawn care practices in the United States. We conducted a door-to-door lawn care survey in five North Carolina communities to determine suburban fertilizer, pesticide, and water use. These communities, Cary, Goldsboro, Kinston, New Bern, and Greenville, are mostly located within the Neuse River basin, a nutrient-sensitive water resource. Residents in Cary used lawn care companies more than twice as frequently as residents in the other communities (43 compared with 20%). Cary had the smallest mean lawn size (445 m 2 ), while the largest was in Goldsboro (1899 m 2 ). Tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] was the predominant grass type in Cary (99%), and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] or centipedegrass mixtures were the predominant grass types in Greenville and New Bern. Kinston had the lowest fertilizer usage with only 54% of the residents using fertilizer; Cary had the highest rate of 83%. The average N fertilizer rate applied to the lawns was dissimilar ranging from 24 to 151 kg N ha -1 . Analysis of variance results for fertilizer rates and household income indicated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in application rate between high- and medium-income levels and the low-income level. Cary, Goldsboro, and Greenville had approximately the same number of fertilizer applications per year (1.5), whereas the average number of fertilizer applications per year in New Bern was 3.0. Most household residents (53%) used instructions on the bag and either grass type and/or lawn area to guide them on fertilizer application rates.
Immune abnormalities in the diabetic New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse: insulin treatment partially suppresses splenic hyperactivity measured by flow cytometric analysis

Abstract Immune abnormalities in both the humoral and cell-mediated immune systems were found in New Zeland obese (NZO) mice, a model of diabetes associated with autoimmune disease. Both the formation of anti-sheep red blood cell plaques and mitogen stimulation of NZO spleen cells were significantly decreased compared to normal strains of mice. In addition to perturbations of splenic lymphocyte function, the enlarged spleens of NZO mice demonstrated increased cycling cells as measured by flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of individual cells. These abnormalities are similar but less pronounced than those found in another autoimmune model, the New Zealand black (NZB) strain. The pancreases of diabetic NZO mice contained a higher fraction of nuclei with greater than 2c amount of DNA. Chronic insulin administration decreased the percentages of splenic proliferating cells and polyploid pancreas cells in NZO mice. In addition, insulin treatment of NZO mice decreased spleen weights and serum glucose levels. Chronic insulin treatment did not alter these parameters in either nondiabetic Balb/c or autoimmune NZB mice. Thus, the features of the NZO strain which serve as both an autoimmunity model and a diabetes model can be dissociated. Insulin treatment had a unique effect on NZO traits but not on NZB traits even though many of these traits were present in both strains. In conclusion, although autoimmunity may underlie the diseases of both the NZO and the NZB strains, the amelioration of some of the features of the NZO strain by insulin may represent the beneficial effects of insulin on the metabolic control of cellular function in NZO mice.
Thymocyte Activating Factor(s) in Human Gingival Fluids

Human gingival fluid contains a low-molecular-weight factor (10,000 to 25,000) which enhances the proliferation of murine thymocytes in the presence of suboptimal doses of mitogen. Although the gingival fluid has no Interleukin 2 (T cell growth factor) activity, as indicated by its inability to induce proliferation of an IL 2 dependent lymphocytic cell line, it is directly mitogenic for dermal fibroblasts. These studies suggest that the thymocyte and fibroblast growth-promoting properties of human gingival fluid may have important functions in regulating inflammatory responses in the human periodontal tissues.
On the “level-shifting” method for converging hartree-fock wave functions

A new formulation of “level-shifting” method is presented, which provides a more economical procedure for computations.
A computational model for anthracycline binding to DNA: tuning groove-binding intercalators for specific sequences.

Anthracycline antibiotics such as doxorubicin and its analogues have been in common use as anticancer drugs for almost half a century. There has been intense interest in the DNA binding sequence specificity of these compounds in recent years, with the hope that a compound could be identified that could possibly modulate gene expression or exhibit reduced toxicity. To computationally analyze this phenomenon, we have constructed molecular models of 65 doxorubicin analogues and their complexes with eight distinct DNA octamer sequences. The HINT (Hydropathic INTeractions) program was utilized to describe binding, including differences in the functional group contributions as well as sequence selectivity. Of these 65 compounds, two compounds were calculated to have a selectivity (the calculated ΔΔGsel between the sequence with the strongest binding and the second strongest binding sequence) greater than −0.75 kcal mol-1 for one sequence over all others, 10 compounds were specific between −0.50 and −0.74 kcal m...
Latinizing Culture: Art, Museums, and the Politics of U.S. Multicultural Encompassment

It is now common in El Barrio, the East Harlem community that has long served as an important Puerto Rican enclave in New York City, to hear people complaining about the "Latinization" of the area. During a recent visit, I was particularly curious about the pessimistic outlook of a Puerto Rican artist who referred to the area as "a fading epitaph of the past," suggesting that its days as a key reference for Puerto Ricans in the city were numbered. Indeed, El Barrio has undergone major transformations since Puerto Ricans began to stake a claim on the area in the 1930s and 1940s. More and more its residents are also Dominicans, Mexicans, and Central Americans, following citywide patterns feeding a nascent pan-Latino identity in the "new Nueva York" (Flores 1996). These demographic changes are evident everywhere in the area, from the type of commerce, with taquerias (taco shops) emerging alongside bodegas, to the area's cultural institutions, which have shifted their original Puerto Rican focus to encompass the changing population. Thus the still-unopened Julia de Burgos cultural center, originally conceived almost ten years ago by a group of Puerto Rican activists in El Barrio, is now known as the Julia de Burgos Latino Cultural Center; and El Museo del Barrio (i.e., the neighborhood museum), born out of the struggles of Puerto Rican activists for greater representation in the late 1960s, now claims to also represent all Latino and Latin American cultures in the United States. These developments, however, have not been free of controversy. The transformation of El Museo del Barrio's mission is now very much at the center of debate among Puerto Rican artists and activists who, while important in founding the earliest cultural initiatives in El Barrio, are now feeling marginalized by the "Latinization" of what they had come to know as a Puerto Rican institution. For one, these changes are occurring in a neighborhood that, although undergoing diversification, once served as the birthplace of Puerto Rican activism
Magnetic field-aligned plasma expansion in critical ionization velocity space experiments

The temporal evolution of a plasma cloud released in an ambient plasma is studied. Time-dependent Vlasov equations for both electrons and ions, as well as the self-consistent electric field parallel to the ambient magnetic field, are solved. The initial cloud is considered to consist of cold, warm, and hot electrons with temperatures of approximately 0.2 eV, 2 eV, and 10 eV, respectively. It is found that the minor hot electrons escape the cloud; their velocity distribution function shows the typical time-of-flight dispersion feature, i.e. the average drift velocity of the escaping electrons is proportional to the distance from the cloud. The major warm electrons expand along the magnetic field lines with the corresponding ion-acoustic speed. The combined effect of the escaping hot electrons and the expanding warm ones sets up an electric potential structure that accelerates the ambient electrons into the cloud. Thus, the energy loss due to the electron escape is partly replenished. The electric field distribution in the potential structure depends on the stage of the evolution; before the rarefaction waves propagating from the edges of the cloud reach its center, the electric fields point into the cloud. After this stage the cloud divides into two subclouds, each having its own bipolar electric field. The effects of collisions on the evolution of plasma clouds are also discussed. The relevance of the results seen from the calculations are discussed in the context of space experiments on critical ionization velocity. >
A Hidden Markov Model Approach to Identifying HTH Motifs Using Protein Sequence and Predicted Solvent Accessibility

This paper presents a hidden Markov model method (referred as HMM_AA_SA) for the identification of Helix-Turn-Helix (HTH) DNA-binding motifs. The method takes amino acid sequence and predicted solvent accessibility as input. Solvent accessibility of amino acids is predicted from amino acid sequence and discretized into three categories: buried (B), medium (M) and exposed (E). At each state, HMM_AA_SA emits not only one letter of amino acid but also one letter of solvent accessibility. The method is evaluated using 12 families of HTH motifs from the Pfam. Hidden Markov models are built and tested for each family individually based on three-fold cross validations. The results show that adding predicted solvent accessibility into the model increases the sensitivity by 5.7%, reaching 94.9%. We explore several reduced alphabets of amino acids in order to reduce the complexity of protein sequences and reduce the number of parameters in the model. The results show that using reduced alphabets can not only reduce the number of parameters in the system but also improve the performance. One interesting discovery is that HMM_AA_SA built from a HTH family can identify HTH motifs from other families, suggesting that the HMM_SA_AA method can capture features shared by different families of HTH motifs. This ability is improved when the hidden Markov models are built from the sequence fragments directly involved in the HTH motifs.
Matching 3-D arcs

We present a new algorithm for efficient matching of 3-D polygonal arcs. The algorithm is based on the decomposition of the arcs into sets of corresponding line segments with equal lengths. We derive a closed-form solution for the transformation that gives the best match between two sets of corresponding line segments (best in the sense of an L/sub 2/ norm distance measure), which enables the development of efficient arc matching algorithm. We apply this algorithm to the problem of finding a match between a short are and a piece of a long arc in real and synthetic images, and compare the results with alternative techniques in the literature.
Acylketene acetals in organic synthesis.

Abstract The preparation and reactivity of achiral and enantiomerically pure acylketene acetals are described. The key reactions of these substrates involve facile conjugate hydroboration and organolithium addition. Enantiomerically pure acylketene acetals were employed to generate a homochiral β-keto ketal through a highly diastereoselective lithium enolate quench. This β-keto ketal, which was also prepared through a desymmetrization ketalization reaction on a meso dione, was employed in the synthesis of the insect pheromone sitophilure.
Assessment of neurological clinical management reasoning in medical students

Abstract In neurology education there is evidence that trainees may have greater ability in general localization and diagnosis than they do in treatment decisions, particularly with considering longer term care and supportive care. We hypothesized that medical students completing a neurology clerkship would exhibit greater skill at considering the acute diagnostic and therapeutic management than at considering supportive management measures. Data from 720 standardized patient encounters by 360 medical students completing a neurology clerkship being evaluated via an objective structured clinical examination were analyzed for skill in three components of clinical decision making: diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic intervention, and supportive intervention. Scores for all standardized patient encounters over the 2008–2012 interval revealed a significantly higher percentage of correct responses in both the diagnostic (mean [M] = 62.6%, standard deviation [SD] = 20.3%) and therapeutic (M = 63.0%, SD = 28.8%) categories in comparison to the supportive (M = 31.8%, SD = 45.2%) category. However, only scores in therapeutic and supportive treatment plans were found to be significant predictors of the USA National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) clinical neurology subject examination scores; on average, a percent increase in therapeutic and support scores led to 5 and 2 point increases in NBME scores, respectively. We demonstrate empirical evidence of deficits in a specific component of clinical reasoning in medical students at the completion of a neurology clerkship.
A depth migration method based on the full-wave reverse-time calculation and local one-way propagation

Summary A depth migration method combining the full-wave reverse-time calculation and local one-way propagation is proposed. The full-wave finite-difference propagator is used to extrapolate the source and receiver waves in the model. The wavefields are extracted from selected locations and then a local one-way propagator is used to extrapolate the wavefield towards different directions. The one-way propagator is also served as a one-way filter, separating waves propagating along different directions. Finally, the image is calculated from directional waves generated by the one-way propagator and the artifacts from backscattered waves of both source and receiver sides are effectively eliminated. This method also dramatically reduces the size of output files which is important when dealing with large 3D models.
Restriction mapping in nanofluidic devices.

We have performed restriction mapping of DNA molecules using restriction endonucleases in nanochannels with diameters of 100-200 nm. The location of the restriction reaction within the device is controlled by electrophoresis and diffusion of Mg2+ and EDTA. We have successfully used the restriction enzymes SmaI, SacI, and PacI, and have been able to measure the positions of restriction sites with a precision of ≈1.5 kbp in 1 min using single DNA molecules.
Myc activation reduces fibroblast clonogenicity via an apoptotic mechanism that can be suppressed by a soluble paracrine factor.

The c-Myc transcription factor is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation and is one of the most frequently deregulated genes in human cancers. While c-Myc is known to enhance the proliferative potential of cells, its activation in immortalized fibroblasts has been found to result in apoptosis following γ-irradiation or under adverse growth conditions, including serum deprivation and hypoxia. When plating Rat-1 fibroblasts at low cell densities (100 cells/100 mm plate), we observed a substantial reduction in the clonogenicity of cells with deregulated c-Myc activity compared to cells with normal c-Myc activity. This difference in clonogenicity was apparent despite the fact that cells were plated in media containing sufficient serum and oxygen concentrations known to suppress apoptosis of exponentially growing Rat-1 fibroblasts with activated c-Myc. Therefore, we hypothesized that the observed reduction in plating efficiency in cells with activated c-Myc occurred via an apoptotic mechanism and that a fibroblast-derived factor was required for suppression of apoptosis. Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic oncogene, Bcl-2, in cells with activated c-Myc restored the plating efficiency to normal levels in cells plated at low cell densities. This strongly suggested that the decreased clonogenicity of fibroblasts with altered c-Myc activity resulted from enhanced apoptosis of the cells under these conditions. Furthermore, plating cells on a feeder layer of lethally-irradiated fibroblasts or in Rat-1 conditioned media increased the plating efficiencies of sparsely plated cells in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that in addition to previously reported requirements for serum-derived growth factors and normal oxygen conditions, a paracrine factor liberated by Rat-1 fibroblasts is required to suppress c-Myc-induced apoptosis in these cells.
Blacks, Black Indians, Afromexicans: the Dynamics of Race, Nation, and Identity in a Mexican Moreno Community (Guerrero)

In this article, I explore identity formation in Mexico from the perspective of residents of San Nicolas Tolentino, a village located on the Costa Chica, a historically black region of the southern Pacific Coast of Guerrero. Outsiders characterize San Nicolas's residents as black, but in Mexico, national ideologies, anthropologies, and histories have traditionally worked to exclude or ignore blackness. Instead, the Spanish and Indian mestizo has been constituted as the quintessential Mexican, even as the Mexican past is tied to a romanticized and ideologically powerful Indian foundation. Ethnographic evidence suggests that San Nicolas's "black" residents in fact see themselves as morenos, a term that signifies their common descent with Indians, whom they consider to be central to Mexicanness. As morenos interweave their identities, experiences, and descent with Indians, they also anchor themselves through Indians to the nation. These identity issues are complicated by the recent introduction to the coast of Africanness in the context of new national and scholarly projects reformulating the components of a new Mexican multicultural identity. In part, local morenos see Africanness as an outside imposition that conflicts with their sense of themselves as Mexican while it reinforces their political and economic marginality. [Mexico, Guerrero, blackness, race, identity, ethnicity, nationalism]
Treatment of adolescents in family therapy after divorce.

Troubled children of divorced families represent a substantial portion of clinical practice. Adolescent development involves regression with a propensity for movement into relationships characterized by splitting. Parental divorce and continued conflict may exaggerate this process as the adolescent finds it far too easy to perceive one parent as right (gratifying) and the other as wrong (frustrating). A multistage treatment program is outlined involving the divorced parents together with the adolescent. Indications and contraindications are discussed.
The outer membrane protein OprQ and adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human fibronectin.

Outer membrane proteins of the Gram-negative organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a significant role in membrane permeability, antibiotic resistance, nutrient uptake, and virulence in the infection site. In this study, we show that the P. aeruginosa outer membrane protein OprQ, a member of the OprD superfamily, is involved in the binding of human fibronectin (Fn). Some members of the OprD subfamily have been reported to be important in the uptake of nutrients from the environment. Comparison of wild-type and mutant strains of P. aeruginosa revealed that inactivation of the oprQ gene does not reduce the growth rate. Although it does not appear to be involved in nutrient uptake, an increased doubling time was reproducibly observed with the loss of OprQ in P. aeruginosa. Utilizing an oprQ–xylE transcriptional fusion, we determined that the PA2760 gene, encoding OprQ, was upregulated under conditions of decreased iron and magnesium. This upregulation appears to occur in early exponential phase. Insertional inactivation of PA2760 in the P. aeruginosa wild-type background did not produce a significant increase in resistance to any antibiotic tested, a phenotype that is typical of OprD family members. Interestingly, the in trans expression of OprQ in the ΔoprQ PAO1 mutant resulted in increased sensitivity to certain antibiotics. These findings suggest that OprQ is under dual regulation with other P. aeruginosa genes. Intact P. aeruginosa cells are capable of binding human Fn. We found that loss of OprQ resulted in a reduction of binding to plasmatic Fn in vitro. Finally, we present a discussion of the possible role of the P. aeruginosa outer membrane protein OprQ in adhesion to epithelial cells, thereby increasing colonization and subsequently enhancing lung destruction by P. aeruginosa.
Awareness in gestalt sex therapy

Awareness is conceived to be selective, curative, a method, a prescription for ideal living, and a ground for human existence. In this paper the following gestalt awareness methods are described: continuum of awareness, awareness questions, biobehavioral feedback, directed awareness, concentration, present-centering, taking responsibilty, and shuttles in awareness. The use of these methods is illustrated in a gestalt therapy dialogue. The application of awareness as concept and method to sensate focus and to the treatment of the prematurely ejaculating male is discussed. Shuttles in awareness and the shared continua of awareness are introduced as promising new methods in the treatment of sexual dysfunction and as enhancing sexual pleasure and communion.
Transcellular Diapedesis Is Initiated by Invasive Podosomes

Diapedesis is critical for immune system function and inflammatory responses. This occurs by migration of blood leukocytes either directly through individual microvascular endothelial cells (the "transcellular" route) or between them (the "paracellular" route). Mechanisms for transcellular pore formation in endothelium remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that lymphocytes used podosomes and extended "invasive podosomes" to palpate the surface of, and ultimately form transcellular pores through, the endothelium. In lymphocytes, these structures were dependent on Src kinase and the actin regulatory protein WASP; inhibition of podosome formation selectively blocked the transcellular route of diapedesis. In endothelium, membrane fusion events dependent on the SNARE-containing membrane fusion complex and intracellular calcium were required for efficient transcellular pore formation in response to podosomes. These findings provide insights into basic mechanisms for leukocyte trafficking and the functions of podosomes.
Compact infrared hyperspectral imaging polarimeter

A compact SWIR/MWIR infrared hyperspectral imaging polarimeter (IHIP) is currently under development at the Optical Detection Lab at the University of Arizona. The sensor uses a pair of sapphire Wollaston prisms and high order retarders to form an imaging birefringent Fourier transform spectropolarimeter. Polarimetric data are acquired through the use of channeled spectropolarimetry to modulate the spectrum with the Stokes parameter information. The two dimensional interferogram is Fourier filtered and reconstructed to recover the complete Stokes vector data across the image. The IHIP operates over a +/-5° field of view and will use a dual-scan false signature reduction technique to suppress polarimetric aliasing artifacts. We present current instrument development progress, initial laboratory results, and our plan for future work.
On the Broader Epistemological Significance of Self-Justifying Axiom Systems

This article will be a continuation of our research into self-justifying systems. It will introduce several new theorems one of which will transform our previous infinite-sized self-verifying logics into formalisms or purely finite size. It will explain how self-justification is useful, even when the Incompleteness Theorem clearly limits its scope.
Brought into the Fold: Influence and Persuasion in a Conversional Religious Setting

This study explored the use of influence techniques upon introduction of individuals to a conversional religion (The Church of Scientology). The researcher used the Participatory Research paradigm to investigate four aspects of influence (liking, social proof, authority and reciprocation, Cialdini, 1994) in an overriding Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty, R., Cacioppo, J., 1986) framework. Findings supported hypothesis of use of influence techniques for the financial benefit of the organization. The implications of these findings for the future studies of influence were discussed.
Polygonal impact craters on Dione: Evidence for tectonic structures outside the wispy terrain

Abstract Plan-view impact crater geometries can be indicative of pre-impact structures within the target material. Impact events that occur on a pre-fractured surface generate craters exhibiting one or more straight rim segments, termed polygonal impact craters (PICs). Impact craters that appear to be PICs are abundant on the surface of Saturn's icy satellite, Dione, both within the wispy terrain, a region with large visible fractures, and also outside the wispy terrain (the ‘non-wispy terrain’), where less evidence for fracturing has been observed. In the non-wispy terrain, subtle lineaments are hypothesized to be NE–SW, NW–SE, and E–W trending fractures, suggesting that tectonism may have been an important process in this terrain. Results of previous studies have shown that PIC straight rim segment azimuths (‘PIC azimuths’) commonly parallel pre-impact fracture azimuths, although disagreements about this relationship exist in the literature. We investigated the hypothesis that fractures, either subtle or nonvisible with available spacecraft images, are present within Dione's non-wispy terrain. Our first step was to assess the relationship between PICs and pre-existing fracture azimuths in the wispy terrain. Our results from this initial assessment show a parallel relationship between PIC azimuths and fracture azimuths. Based on this correlation in the wispy terrain, we find it likely that this relationship would hold true in the non-wispy terrain if PICs are present. We tested for PICs using crater rim azimuth data collected from randomly distributed study locations throughout the non-wispy terrain. From these data, we identified widespread PICs in this terrain, which supports the hypothesis that subtle fractures are also present. Analysis of the PIC azimuth data yield a pattern for these inferred fractures across Dione's surface that is consistent with the hypothesized global deformation that would result from a combination of satellite despinning and volume expansion. Our results provide evidence for these previously hypothesized events in Dione's history and demonstrate that mapping PICs and their azimuths is a useful tool for investigating subtle fractures on Solar System bodies.
Methotrexate efficacy and tolerability after switching from oral to subcutaneous route of administration in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objectives Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most frequently used, highly effective disease-modifying drugs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) therapy. The drug can be administered orally or subcutaneously, but the efficacy and tolerance of these two routes of administration raise doubts in JIA patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate MTX efficacy and tolerability after switching from the oral to the subcutaneous route of administration in children with JIA.
Evolution of Student Development Theory.

The authors situate critical perspectives in the larger context of the evolution of theory and discuss a “third wave” of theory development.
THE MODERN PRECIOUS METAL DENTAL CASTING ALLOYS

ABSTRACT Since Taggart introduced cast gold inlays dental alloys have gone through considerable evolutionary changes, partly motivated by improved metallurgy and partly due to new dental technology. The recent rise in the price of precious metals has introduced a new motivation: lowering the cost of the precious metals per dental unit. A precious metal cost formula is presented, nine sophisticated modern alloys, representing the full range of alloy requirements is given, together with a table of their physical properties. Two nomenclature schemes are described.
Alliance Networks, Corporate Investment, and Firm Valuation

This paper examines the impact of corporate alliances on corporate investment decisions in a network setting. Well-connected firms are centrally located in alliance networks. I hypothesize that more centrally located firms are exposed to greater information flows through the networks and, therefore, possess informational advantages. The informational advantages of central firms allow them to rely less on the information in their stock prices for making investment decisions. Supporting this hypothesis, firms with a higher centrality exhibit lower investment-to-price sensitivity. This finding is robust to a variety of network centrality measures and endogeneity in alliance formations. Notably, the effect of centrality is not the same across alliance types. More integrated forms of alliances including joint ventures, technology transfer, R&D agreements, and manufacturing agreements seem to exert a stronger influence on the investment-to-price sensitivity. In fact, only the centrality based on these alliances shows a positive impact on both market valuations and announcement effects, suggesting that these alliance networks likely convey value-enhancing information. Overall, my results show that alliance networks are conduits of information that impact corporate investment decisions.
The general Vieta-Wallis product for π

The two oldest representations for the number π are infinite product expansions. The first, is due to Vieta in 1592. The second is Wallis's product dating from 1655:
Effects of Fe concentration on the ion-irradiation induced defect evolution and hardening in Ni-Fe solid solution alloys

Abstract Understanding alloying effects on the irradiation response of structural materials is pivotal in nuclear engineering. To systematically explore the effects of Fe concentration on the irradiation-induced defect evolution and hardening in face-centered cubic Ni-Fe binary solid solution alloys, single crystalline Ni-xFe (x = 0–60 at%) alloys have been grown and irradiated with 1.5 MeV Ni ions. The irradiations have been performed over a wide range of fluences from 3 × 1013 to 3 × 1016 cm−2 at room temperature. Ion channeling technique has shown reduced damage accumulation with increasing Fe concentration in the low fluence regime, which is consistent to the results from molecular dynamic simulations. No irradiation-induced compositional segregation was observed in atom probe tomography within the detection limit, even in the samples irradiated with high fluence Ni ions. Transmission electron microscopy analyses have further demonstrated that the defect size significantly decreases with increasing Fe concentration, indicating a delay in defect evolution. Furthermore, irradiation induced hardening has been measured by nanoindentation tests. Ni and the Ni-Fe alloys have largely different initial hardness, but they all follow a similar trend for the increase of hardness as a function of irradiation fluence.
Expanding the + 2 Oxidation State of the Rare-Earth Metals, Uranium, and Thorium in Molecular Complexes

Abstract The review describes recent developments in the low oxidation state chemistry of the rare-earth elements since the publication in 2010 of Chapter 246 in this series on “The Molecular Chemistry of the Rare-Earth Elements in Uncommon Low-Valent States” by Nief. The landscape of low oxidation states in the rare-earth metal series has indeed changed dramatically between 2011 and 2016. The first isolable crystallographically characterizable molecular complexes of the + 2 rare-earth metal ions, La2 +, Ce2 +, Pr2 +, Gd2 +, Tb2 +, Ho2 +, Y2 +, Er2 +, and Lu2 + as well as the + 2 actinide ions, U2 + and Th2 +, have been discovered. Following a background section, these discoveries are presented chronologically to show the evolution of this new chemistry. A section describing previous literature that foreshadowed these discoveries is included to stimulate thinking about how current literature can be used to generate future discoveries. The importance of specific ligand sets which allowed isolation of ions with 4fn5d1, 5f36d1, and 6d2 electron configurations is described as well as the special conditions of low temperature and alkali metal chelate choice that provided isolable complexes. The identification of configurational crossover ions, whose electronic ground states can be either 4fn + 1 or 4fn5d1 depending on the ligand set, is also discussed.
Marginal Loss Calculations for the DCOPF

The purpose of this paper is to explain some aspects of including a marginal line loss approximation in the DCOPF. The DCOPF optimizes electric generator dispatch using simplified power flow physics. Since the standard assumptions in the DCOPF include a lossless network, a number of modifications have to be added to the model. Calculating marginal losses allows the DCOPF to optimize the location of power generation, so that generators that are closer to demand centers are relatively cheaper than remote generation. The problem formulations discussed in this paper will simplify many aspects of practical electric dispatch implementations in use today, but will include sufficient detail to demonstrate a few points with regard to the handling of losses.
An ongoing journey toward a risk-based testing in genetic toxicology

Abstract The primary focus of genetic toxicology testing has been to predict rodent carcinogens using test batteries to qualitatively bin substances into genotoxic or non-genotoxic categories. There has been little interest in understanding the full dose response in order to identify a point of departure (PoD) value for quantitative risk assessment. This is due to the prevailing paradigm that mutagens have no thresholds. Furthermore, mutagenicity in and of itself was largely ignored as a relevant endpoint for risk assessment purposes. In recent years, however, genetic toxicologists have embarked on a journey to explore opportunities to broaden the utility of genetic toxicology information for human safety assessment. This commentary examines some of these opportunities, including the potential establishment of permitted daily exposures based on the PoD estimated from the mutagenicity data.
External Pressures on the Resource: Climate Change

Three mega-trends are forcing a change in the way we manage our water resource: (1) climate change is changing precipitation patterns and increasing the number and severity of extreme weather events; (2) the accelerating pace of population growth and the shift of the population to water-short west and south; and (3) the continuing urbanization of the nation. The fact that the U.S. is in a period of rapid climate change, warming temperatures, and more extreme weather events is having a severe effect on much of the nation’s water supply. One result is water management’s greater attention to considering floodwater, storm water, urban runoff water, and recycled wastewater all part of the resource.
Being Evidence Based in Library and Information Practice

In this work, Koufogiannakis and Brettle bring together “recent theory, research and case studies from practice environments across the broad field of librarianship to illustrate how librarians can incorporate the principles of evidence-based library and information practice (EBLIP) into their work”
Reduced Order Modeling Based Energy Efficient and Adaptable Design

In this chapter, the sustainable and reliable operations of the electronic equipment in data centers are shown to be possible through a reduced order modeling based design. First, the literature on simulation-based design of data centers using computational fluid dynamics/heat transfer (CFD/HT) and low-dimensional modeling are reviewed. Then, two recent proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) based reduced order thermal modeling methods are explained to simulate multiparameter-dependent temperature field in multiscale thermal/fluid systems such as data centers. The methods result in average error norm of ~6% for different sets of design parameters, while they can be up to ~250 times faster than CFD/HT simulation in an iterative optimization technique for a sample data center cell. The POD-based modeling approach is applied along with multiobjective design principles to systematically achieve an energy efficient, adaptable, and robust thermal management system for data centers. The framework allows for intelligent dynamic changes in the rack heat loads, required cooling airflow rates, and supply air temperature based on the actual momentary center heat loads, rather than planned occupancy, to extend the limits of air cooling and/or increase energy efficiency. This optimization has shown energy consumption reduction by 12–46% in a data center cell.
Interactional Coherence Analysis

Despite the rapid growth of text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC), its limitations have rendered the media highly incoherent. The lack of coherence in CMC poses problems for content analysis of online discourse archives. Interactional coherence analysis (ICA) attempts to accurately identify and construct interaction networks of CMC messages. Although significant progress has been made, ICA research still has several limitations. Most previous ICA approaches used either system or linguistic features, but not both in conjunction, and also failed to address noise issues such as typos, misspellings, and idiosyncratic system usage behavior. Moreover, Web forums have seldom been studied for interactional coherence in spite of their prevalence. In this study, we propose the Hybrid Interactional Coherence (HIC) algorithm for identification of Web forum interaction. HIC utilizes both system features, such as header information and quotations, and linguistic features, such as direct address and lexical relation. Furthermore, several similarity-based methods, including a Lexical Match Algorithm (LMA) and a sliding window method, are utilized to account for interactional idiosyncrasies. Experiments were conducted on a large domestic extremist Web forum to compare the algorithm with traditional linkage and similarity-based methods. HIC significantly outperformed both comparison techniques in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure at both the forum and thread levels. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of HIC for identifying Web forum interaction.
Water Relations in the Mycorrhizosphere

The role of mycorrhizae in plant water relations has been controversial since it was proposed over a century ago. Improvements in plant water throughput and associated carbon fixation by mycorrhizal plants have been demonstrated since the early 1970s, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Mechanism stud- ies have concentrated in greenhouse pot studies. These studies are limited because roots readily become pot-bound, in contrast to the distinct spatial stratification in the field. Water transport studies also focused on symplastic water flow rates. Recent data from hyphal structure and using models suggest that apoplastic transport may be the focal mechanism under drought conditions. Hydraulic redistribution along mycorrhizal fungal hyphae indicates that apoplastic transport and water potential gradients, especially in arid lands, regulate water flow patterns along hyphae. New sensor technologies may open the possibility of greater study of water and nutrient dynamics in situ where these mechanisms can be studied in detail.
Definitions and treatments for chiari-1 malformations and its variants: Focused review.

Background Reviewing the neurosurgical literature demonstrated that spinal neurosurgeons rarely (0.78%) diagnose chiari-1 malformation (CM-1) in adults on magnetic resonance (MR) studies defined by tonsillar descent >5 mm below the foramen magnum (FM). Children, averaging 10 years of age, exhibit CM-1 in 96/100,000 cases. According to the literature, fewer spinal neurosurgeons additionally recognize and treat the low lying cerebellar tonsil (LLCT) syndrome. Methods The normal location of the cerebellar tonsils on cranial/cervical MR averages 2.9 mm ± 3.4 mm above or up to 3 mm below the FM. The neurosurgical literature revealed that most neurosurgeons diagnose and treat CM-1 where the tonsils are >5 mm to an average of 12 mm below the FM. Fewer spinal neurosurgeons additionally diagnose and treat the LLCT syndrome defined by <5 mm of tonsillar descent below the FM. Results According to the neurosurgical literature, many neurosurgeons perform cranial/spinal decompression with/without fusion and/or duraplasty for CM-1. Fewer neurosurgeons perform these procedures for CM-1 and the LLCT syndrome, for which they additionally perform preoperative cervical traction under anesthesia, and the postoperative placement of occipital neurostimulators (ONS) for intractable headaches following chiari-1/LLCT surgery. Conclusion Reviewing the literature revealed that spinal neurosurgeons rarely diagnose CM-1, and treat them with decompressions with/without fusions and/or duraplasty. Fewer spinal neurosurgeons diagnose/treat both the CM-1 and LLCT syndromes, perform preoperative traction under anesthesia, and place ONS for persistent headaches following CM-1 surgery.
Using OpenSim to Investigate the Effect of Active Muscles and Compliant Flooring on Head Injury Risk

The force and acceleration of the head during an impact from a fall are shown to decrease on compliant flooring. Our understanding of the benefits of compliant flooring is limited, because studying head impacts resulting from falls is often not feasible for human subject studies. The OpenSim platform allows investigation of muscle activations in fall induced head impacts using dynamic simulation. The purpose of this study is to determine if simulations in OpenSim can provide a greater understanding of the effect of neck muscle activations during falls onto compliant flooring. This is accomplished by simulating a fall from bed height onto a compliant floor. Force profiles and head motions from simulations without active neck muscles are compared to values obtained from published literature to evaluate the suitability of OpenSim for simulating falls onto compliant flooring. Force profiles and head motions from simulations with active neck muscles are also investigated and compared to related literature. The results indicate that OpenSim is capable of providing realistic results and can be used for investigating the effect of active neck muscles during falls onto compliant flooring. The results also support that active muscles can substantially reduce brain injury risk from a fall. Future studies are aimed at investigating the role of active neck muscles in populations with greater fall risk to evaluate head injury avoidance strategies.
Imaging features of bile duct adenoma: case series and review of literature.

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the imaging features of bile duct adenoma (BDA) on ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Retrospective search in our institution database was performed for histologically confirmed BDA. Their imaging studies before histologic confirmation were reviewed. The search identified seven adults (mean age, 52.9 years) with histologically proven single BDA each. US (n=3), CT (n=5), and MRI (n=3) were performed before histologic confirmation. Additionally, a systematic English literature review for BDA and reported imaging findings since 2000 was also conducted using the following search criteria "bile duct adenoma, peribiliary hamartoma, biliary adenoma, CT, ultrasound, MRI" (date range: 01/01/2000 through 08/31/2016). The imaging findings of those cases reported were summarized and compared with our series. Results All seven individual nodules were well circumscribed. Five lesions were located in the right hepatic lobe and two in the left hepatic lobe. On US, lesions appeared hypoechoic (n=2) and hyperechoic (n=1). BDA was hypodense on unenhanced CT images (n=1). On MRI, BDA were hypointense on T1 (n=3), hyperintense on T2 (n=3), and hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images (n=2). On contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, BDAs showed arterial phase hyperenhancement that persisted on portal venous/delayed phase images. Conclusion BDA demonstrates characteristic arterial phase hyperenhancement that persisted into the portal venous and delayed phases on CT and MRI, which may be useful in differentiating from other hepatic lesions.
Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Growth, and Religious Coping in Individuals Exiting Sex Trafficking

Seismic suffering stemming from sex trafficking can also paradoxically prompt a process of transformation and adaptive coping strategies. We investigated the levels of and linkages between traumati...
EXPOSURE OF ALASKA BROWN BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS) TO BACTERIAL, VIRAL, AND PARASITIC AGENTS VARIES SPATIOTEMPORALLY AND MAY BE INFLUENCED BY AGE

Abstract: We collected blood and serum from 155 brown bears (Ursus arctos) inhabiting five locations in Alaska, US during 2013–16 and tested samples for evidence of prior exposure to a suite of bac...
Simulation of edge localized mode heat pulse using drift-kinetic ions and Boltzmann electrons

Abstract This article reports on 1D+2V heat pulse propagation studies using the COGENT guiding center kinetic code. The model uses magnetized kinetic ions and a simple Boltzmann electron model. Results agree with previous kinetic and fluid modeling benchmark studies that correspond to the parameters of edge localized modes (ELMs) observed on the JET tokamak. The plasma parameters for the edge pedestal and ensuing ELM dynamics are in the low collisionality regime. Hence, the dominant balance between the assumed Maxwellian ELM source and collisionless parallel advection causes the ion PDF to develop a significantly anisotropic velocity distribution. Adding nonlinear Coulomb ion-ion collisions to the model acts to smooth the sharp features of the ion distribution function, but the anisotropy remains robust due to the low collisionality.