cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA Base Damage in Chromatin of γ-Irradiated Cultured Human Cells

We report on the chemical characterization of DNA base damage in chromatin of γ-irradiated cultured human cells. Chromatin was isolated from unirradiated and irradiated cells and analyzed by gas chroma-tography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring after acidic hydrolysis of chromatin and trimethylsilylation of hydrolysates. Prior to analysis of chromatin samples, experimental conditions for acidic hydrolysis were optimized by determining the relative molar response factors of modified bases under non-acidic and acidic conditions, and their release from DNA under various acidic conditions. A number of modified bases in chromatin isolated from irradiated cells were identified and quantitated. These were 5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin, 5-hydroxyhydantoin, 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil, cytosine glycol, thymine glycol, 5,6-dihydroxycytosine, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, 8-hydroxyadenine, 2-hydroxyadenine, 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, and 8-hydroxyguanine. Radiation doses ranging from 42...
Property in Personhood

Traditional communities oppose multinational corporations' efforts to patent traditional remedies. Native Americans contest the Washington Redskins trademark as disparaging. A small New Mexican Indian tribe sues the state government for using a spiritual symbol on the state flag. Australian aboriginal communities seek collective copyrights in their artwork. Indigenous peoples in Canada want copyrights in traditional stories. More and more, historically subordinated groups are turning to concepts of intellectual property - albeit grounded in identity and culture, not economic incentives - as a means to protect against cultural imperialism, cultural appropriation, and digital appropriation. Current trends in academic thinking do not bode well for these new claims for property in personhood: commodification scholars warn that commodification will lead to the alienation, rather than the preservation, of indigenous culture. Anthropologists argue that property rights essentialize and freeze traveling cultures. Others view these claims as the first step on a slippery slope toward slavery. Finally, there are the critiques from intellectual property, where increasingly scholars bemoan what is called the new enclosure movement in ideas. But the new claims for intellectual property rights as social relations cannot be dismissed easily. Assertions of power over one's own identity necessarily lead to assertions of property ownership. As Radin has taught us, property is an essential part of what it means to be fully human. Property enables us to have control over our external surroundings. Seen in this light, it is not enough to see all claims for more property simply as intrusions into the public domain - that is, bad intellectual property - or as cultural essentialism, that is, bad identity politics. Instead, we may begin to see them as assertions of personhood. Just as contemporary property law recognizes property as social relations, we must begin to view intellectual property in a similar way. Indeed, to the extent that contemporary property law offers a balanced, complex, and dialogical view of social relations, the possibilities for property rights in identity are not entirely bleak. Indeed, where scholars increasingly criticize identity politics for relying on a monologic understanding of identity, property could be just what identity politics needs. In other words, while current claims for property in personhood tend toward essentialized views of both property and culture, they need not do so. Far more sophisticated understandings of both property and culture exist. We should not categorically fear the rise of new property rights. Rather, there is much to be gained from articulating competing descriptive and normative visions of intellectual property, particularly those that challenge the historically dominant paradigms.
Diel Periodicity and Survival Behavior of Pine Root Collar Weevil Adults under Various Light and Temperature Conditions

Field and cage studies were used to learn about diel periodicity and survival behavior of Hylobius radicis Buchanan adults. A drop in light intensity to 2 ft-c or slightly lower, as occurs at dusk, triggers the diel cycle. Adults then move from the tree base to branches. They normally return to the root collar shortly after sunrise, but temperatures below 4°C at night curtail or eliminate the nocturnal portion of the cycle. Adults placed on the ground in a clearing reacted differently depending on the amount of light and ground-surface temperature. At low light intensity adults became akinetic; at high light intensity and when ground temperatures were under 40°C the adults exhibited shelter-seeking, telotactic, thermophobic, and photophobic reactions. At higher temperatures the adults became strongly thermophobic and negatively geotactic. Temperatures above 40°C were lethal to adults and inversely related to the time to mortality.
Influence of Residual ‘Nonpareil’ Almond Mummies on Densities of the Navel Orange worm and Parasitization

Navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), density on mummy almonds was significantly influenced by the numbers of mummies present in a tree, but ovipositing moths apparently did not distinguish high from low mummy abundance. Parasitization by three species of parasites significantly reduced navel orange worm moth emergence, though reduction was minimal in trees with less than five mummies. Presently established parasites would probably not have to be considered in predictions of moth emergence from such trees. However, in orchards where tree canopies intermingle, a lower tolerance of mummies may be required for minimal moth emergence.
Hematology: Suspect Flags and Regional Flags on the Coulter-STKS: An Assessment

The reliability of the flagging system of the Coulter-STKS (Beckman Coulter, Miami), an automated analyzer used worldwide to perform CBCs and differential leukocyte counts, was assessed by determining the sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, predictive value of normal (PVN), and predictive value of abnormal (PVA) for individual suspectflags and regional-flags generated by the analyzer. Automated differentials were compared with manual differentials, initially from the data collected prospectively in a random population of 647 blood specimens. Low prevalence of several flags in this specimen population led us to retrospectively review hundreds of additional flagged automated differentials along with the corresponding manual differentials to gather 100 data points per qualitative abnormality or flag, to better determine sensitivity and PVA. Each automated differential was assessed to be either true normal or false normal or either true abnormal or false abnormal, based on predefined microscopic criteria. Of the evaluated flags, immature granulocyte/band 1 (IGB1) and immature granulocyte/band 2 (IGB2), the two most prevalent flags (31.6% and 10.8%, respectively), had the lowest efficiency (59%–68%). Specificity and PVN for all flags other than IGB1 and IGB2 were within the desirable range, although sensitivity and PVA were at less than desirable levels. Enhancement of sensitivity and PVA of many, if not all, flags, and specificity and PVN oflGBl and IGB2 flags will increase the reliability and consequently the cost-effectiveness of the STKS automated flagging system.
The streptococci of the bovine underIV. Studies of the streptococci

The streptococci offer an interesting and important field for study because among them are found harmless and even useful organisms as well as extremely virulent ones. Milk is perhaps the most important harborer of the harmless streptococci, but it may at times contain pathogenic forms. While milk cannot be considered a source of any micro-organism, it is an ideal food for most forms and may therefore contain many kinds of streptococci with which it has been contaminated.
A case study of using peer feedback in face-to-face and distance learning classes among pre-service teachers

AbstractThis study investigated a feedback exchange activity for engaging pre-service teachers and the nature of such feedback in two undergraduate classes, a distance learning (DL) and a face-to-face (F2F) class. The research question asked if the nature of peer feedback was different between F2F and DL class formats. Students’ work samples were collected during class time to examine feedback function ratings. Participants also completed an online questionnaire to examine the nature of expectations of the feedback given. For both the nature of expectations and feedback function ratings, results for chi-square analyses demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the two modes of instruction (F2F versus DL), and the peer feedback categories. However, provision of feedback was significantly favoured in the F2F class over the DL class. Implications for course curriculum and future research are discussed.
Land Cover Classification Using Hyperspectral and Multi-angle CHRIS/PROBA Images

The availability of multi-angle CHRIS(Compact High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) imagery with high spatial resolution provides new opportunities for more accurate land cover classification than ever.In this paper,multi-angle CHRIS data were evaluated in land cover classification,using CHRIS mode-5 images acquired over an agricultural area.The multi-angle spectral features of different land cover types derived from CHRIS images were first analyzed.The land cover classifications were the performed separately using CHRIS images with different imaging angles and their combinations.The results showed that images acquired with different angles achieved different classification accuracies.Moreover,the classification using CHRIS images acquired at different angles combined produced higher overall accuracy,compared to the classification results with single-angle images alone.
Physical activity is associated with reduced fatigue in adults living with HIV/AIDS.

Aims The aim of this study was to describe the relationships among home-based physical activity, fatigue, sleep, gender and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS Background Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom among people living with HIV/AIDS. Few interventions exist that effectively reduce fatigue in this population. Physical activity has shown promise to reduce fatigue in other populations, but its impact on fatigue in HIV/AIDS has not yet been explored. Design This study was conducted using a prospective, descriptive cohort design. Methods Overall, 90 adults living with HIV/AIDS completed cross-sectional measures. Home-based physical activity was measured using a 7-day self-report diary. Fatigue was measured using the self-reported HIV-Related Fatigue Scale. Sleep was assessed using wrist actigraphy and quality of life was assessed using the HIV-Associated Quality of Life Scale. Data were collected from December 2012–April 2013 and analysed using correlations and multiple linear regression. Results The number of minutes of home-based physical activity was significantly associated with reduced fatigue among people living with HIV/AIDS. In addition, increased fatigue was associated with decreased quality of life. No associations were found among fatigue, sleep or gender. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that physical activity in the home setting is an effective strategy to reduce fatigue among people living with HIV/AIDS. Future work developing and testing interventions to improve home-based physical activity in this population is needed.
Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia

Studies of Sino-Viet relations have traditionally focused on Chinese aggression and Vietnamese resistance, or have assumed out-of-date ideas about Sinicization and the tributary system. They have limited themselves to national historical traditions, doing little to reach beyond the border. Ming China and Vietnam, by contrast, relies on sources and viewpoints from both sides of the border, for a truly transnational history of Sino-Viet relations. Kathlene Baldanza offers a detailed examination of geopolitical and cultural relations between Ming China (1368–1644) and Dai Viet, the state that would go on to become Vietnam. She highlights the internal debates and external alliances that characterized their diplomatic and military relations in the pre-modern period, showing especially that Vietnamese patronage of East Asian classical culture posed an ideological threat to Chinese states. Baldanza presents an analysis of seven linked biographies of Chinese and Vietnamese border-crossers whose lives illustrate the entangled histories of those countries.
Antimicrobial Stewardship for the Infection Control Practitioner

Antibiotic misuse is a serious patient safety concern and a national public health priority. Years of indiscriminant antibiotic use has promoted selection for antibiotic resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile This crisis has led to clinicians being faced with managing untreatable infections, often in the most vulnerable patient populations. This review summarizes the goals of antimicrobial stewardship programs, the essential members needed to initiate a program, various antimicrobial stewardship strategies, the role of the infection control practitioner in stewardship, barriers to its implementation and maintenance, approaches to measure the impact of a program, and the steps needed to initiate a program.
Promoting Teachers' Ideological Becoming: Using Dramatic Inquiry in Teacher Education.

Freedman and Ball propose a language, literacy, and learning research agenda meant for practitioners as well as researchers, which they locate in Bakhtin’s notion of development, or “ideological becoming.” Language and literacy educators change how they teach when they come to see themselves differently in relation to the students in their classrooms. This article provides a theory and description of practice that suggests potential productive uses of a dramatic inquiry-based dialogic pedagogy in college classrooms intended to promote teachers’ ideological becoming. After first contextualizing Freedman and Ball’s research agenda in terms of current teacher education practices and challenges, including an oppressive status quo in our increasingly culturally and ethnically diverse schools and colleges, and then providing a theoretical framework, a teacher educator–researcher describes his use of dramatic inquiry pedagogy using carefully chosen picture books in an MA class for domestic and international stud...
Pathfinder: John Charles Frémont and the Course of American Empire. By Tom Chaffin. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014. Pp. xxv, 499. $24.95.)

John Fremont was one of the most interesting figures in nineteenth‐century American history. He was an explorer, an invader, a Free Soiler, a soldier of no great distinction, a poor entrepreneur, a...
Innovation for creating a smart future

Abstract Today, we live in a dynamic and turbulent global community. The wave of mega-trends, including rapid change in globalization and technological advances, is creating new market forces. For any organization to survive and prosper in such an environment, innovation is imperative. However, innovation is no longer just for creating value to benefit individuals, organizations, or societies. The ultimate purpose of innovation should be much more far reaching, helping create a smart future where people can enjoy the best quality of life possible. Thus, innovation must search for intelligent solutions to tackle major social ills, seek more proactive approaches to predict the uncertain future, and pursue strategies to remove barriers to the smart future. This study explores the detailed requirements of a smart future, including both hardware types and soft social/cultural components.
Driving While Interacting With Google Glass: Investigating the Combined Effect of Head-Up Display and Hands-Free Input on Driving Safety and Multitask Performance.

Objective:This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of voice (vs. manual) input and head-up (vs. head-down) display in a driving and device interaction task.Background:Advances in we...
Algae and Submarine Habitability

The Chemistry Division of the Naval Research Laboratory has been studying submarine atmospheres for almost thirty years. The studies have included chemical means of carbon dioxide removal, alkaline metal oxides as sources of oxygen, and physical techniques for submarine air analysis. Such work becomes more and more important with the ever-increasing significance of the submarine in national defense. Studies of several new aspects of submarine habitability are being made; as a small part of the program, the writer has explored the literature to evaluate the possibilities of algae as means of long-term oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal.
AdJail: practical enforcement of confidentiality and integrity policies on web advertisements

Web publishers frequently integrate third-party advertisements into web pages that also contain sensitive publisher data and end-user personal data. This practice exposes sensitive page content to confidentiality and integrity attacks launched by advertisements. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for addressing security threats posed by third-party advertisements. The heart of our framework is an innovative isolation mechanism that enables publishers to transparently interpose between advertisements and end users. The mechanism supports finegrained policy specification and enforcement, and does not affect the user experience of interactive ads. Evaluation of our framework suggests compatibility with several mainstream ad networks, security from many threats from advertisements and acceptable performance overheads.
Conceptualizing the role of adults within youth-adult partnerships: An example from practice

Abstract This paper conceptualizes the specific roles that adults provide and the complex interactions between youth and adults that emerge within youth participation efforts. In particular, we draw on our own experiences with a multi-year youth participation in community organization project to articulate specific adult roles. These include: 1) Training and Capacity Building, 2) Challenging and Pushing, 3) Politicizing and Questioning, 4) Legitimizing and Opening, and 5) Sustaining and Gluing. In addition, we discuss the complex negotiation between youth and adults between agency, power, and flexibility in roles. We close by discussing the implications of our example for practice, education, and research.
The Positive Benefits of Negative Movement Patterns Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Introduction:Eccentric (negative) resistance exercise of the legs using specialized machines has been reported to be useful and often superior to standard exercise following total knee arthroplasty...
Macro and Micro Structural Factors in Thin Film Growth of III-V Compounds

This paper reviews some of the phase equilibria and structural concepts through which the various members of the high density nitrides are related.
Designing Institutions for Water Management

Effective water policy is informed by thru distinct levels of analysis. First-best economics determines the optimal outflow from an irrigation system headworks, optimal distribution, optimal lining and optimal water pollution, all in the absence of transactional costs. The first-best optimum then serves as a benchmark for (second-best) comparative institutional analysis (such as evaluating prices) versus quantity mechanisms for efficient water management. Third-best principles allow the analyst to consider the rent-seeking consequences of alternative institutional designs, thereby highlighting the advantages of devolution.
Group and Organizational Learning Effects from Multiparticipant DSS Usage

Organizations and researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of learning at the group and organizational levels. As with other activities within modern organizations, there has been an interest in supporting group or team level and organizational level learning with information and communication technologies. This chapter examines the relationship between multiparticipant DSS usage and learning at the group and organizational levels. Understanding the potential to support learning at these levels necessitates a broad understanding of the types of appropriate technologies as well as what it means for groups and the organization to learn. Understanding of the relationship between multiparticipant DSS usage and learning has important implications for practice and research.
Integrating Wikipedia Projects into IT Courses: Does Wikipedia Improve Learning Outcomes?

Many college students are advised to not use Wikipedia in any class research projects. However, studies into the pedagogical value of using Wikipedia to achieve course learning outcomes have shown promising results. The Wikipedia Foundation established the Wikipedia Public Policy Initiative (WPPI) in Spring 2010 to explore its potential value to improve information literacy, collaborative learning, and student engagement. By May 2011, more than 800 students at 24 U.S. universities participated in the pilot project. The WPPI was renamed the Global Education Program (GEP) and expanded in August 2011 to include 60 American courses in many academic disciplines. This exploratory paper describes the experiences of students and professors in two GEP information Technology courses at the University of South Carolina. Using student and faculty reflections, this paper addresses the potential learning outcome benefits and the potential issues using Wikipedia projects in the classroom. As the first step of a larger longitudinal study, the paper also recommends improvements for continuing the integration of Wikipedia projects in future courses.
Long-term treatment gains of a brief exposure-based treatment for PTSD.

Background Written exposure therapy (WET) is a 5-session PTSD treatment that may address barriers in treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) given its brevity and tolerability. A recent study found outcomes for WET were non-inferior to outcomes from Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) through 36 weeks from first treatment session (Sloan, Marx, Lee, & Resick, 2018); the current study examined whether treatment gains were maintained through 60 weeks from first session, and also evaluated both treatments' effect on depressive symptoms. Methods The study enrolled 126 individuals with PTSD randomized to WET or CPT. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 weeks following the first treatment session. PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity were determined via the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5), and depression symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-2. Results WET remained non-inferior to CPT through the 60 week assessment; the groups had a difference of less than 3 points in their total CAPS-5 scores, and within-condition effects on PTSD were large (WET d = 1.23; CPT d = 1.38). Both treatments significantly reduced depressive symptoms over the 60 week study, with the CPT group experiencing a more rapid decrease. The between-condition effect of treatment on depression was small (d = .19). Conclusions WET is a treatment that is non-inferior to CPT with regard to PTSD symptoms, with treatment effects that are long-lasting. Additionally, both WET and CPT demonstrated substantial effects on depressive symptoms. WET should be considered a good option for PTSD treatment.
Accounting for improved prostate cancer mortality outcomes in Haitian men: A histological analysis.

e16557Background: In a previous wide-ranging study on the outcomes of prostate cancer patients at a safety-net hospital, we discovered significantly improved mortality outcomes for Haitian Creole p...
Integrating Geriatrics Knowledge into a Medical Student Clerkship Using Twitter Poll

A controlled, prospective, 2‐year cohort observational study was conducted to test whether weekly geriatric questions delivered through Twitter Poll could improve geriatrics knowledge during an internal medicine clerkship for third‐year medical students. Pre‐ and post‐rotation test results used a modified University of California, Los Angeles geriatric knowledge test that included questions linked to 26 Association of American Medical Colleges geriatric competencies for medical students. Data were analyzed using a general linear model repeated‐measure design and Student t‐test. The primary outcome showed that Twitter Poll participants had more than twice the geriatrics knowledge (p = .002) than students who did not use Twitter Poll. Subset analysis showed different test performances according to sex (p = .03), training site (p = .002), and cohort (p = .003). This study is the first demonstration of Twitter Poll efficacy in medical education and raises questions about whether it could be even more effective if linked to spaced timing of didactic content or supported by annotated answers to geriatrics questions. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2389–2393, 2018.
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis and immunoglobulin A nephropathy are common glomerulopathies in the pediatric population that deserve special attention. In some cases the primary care provider can follow the patient but others need more intensive management. Delaying this treatment can lead to worse morbidity. This article provides information on the pathogenesis, outcomes, and follow-up strategies that will aid in the diagnosis and referral of patients at risk for kidney disease.
Soil resource availability and its effect on the ecophysiology and establishment of Stipa pulchra

The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the importance of soil moisture and soil nitrogen availability as resource requirements for the establishment of Stipa pulchra, (ii) to examine how changes in slope within a local habitat can affect the accumulation of soil moisture and soil nitrogen and (iii) to measure the physiological responses of S. pulchra among such slope locations. The field experiment occurred in the San Jose Hills of Southern California on the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona campus. Plots were established within three different slope locations (shallow, moderate and steep) within four separate canyons. Three nitrogen treatments (ambient, addition and removal) were replicated within each slope location for all four canyons, and five S. pulchra plants were planted in each plot. Soil nitrogen accumulation and soil moisture, as well as other abiotic variables, were measured across the varied slope locations and nitrogen treatments. We measured the cover, stress, and reproduction of S. pulchra plants for 2 years and used a mesocosm experiment to determine how S. pulchra responds to varying water and nitrogen availability. Stipa pulchra had a strong positive response to the wettest watering treatment and a weak response to nitrogen addition in the mesocosm experiment. In the field experiment, S. pulchra responded positively in moderate slope locations and did not respond to nitrogen treatments, possibly due to drought. Field patterns of soil moisture were driven by slope, soil compaction and solar radiation. Soil nitrogen accumulation did not vary among slope locations. For restoration of S. pulchra, priority should be placed on managing soil moisture availability and determining suitable edaphic factors.
Abstract TP353: Accuracy of Self-reported 90-day Home Time in Stroke Survivors: Data from the Michigan Stroke Transitions Trial (MISTT)

Introduction: Home time, defined as the number of days spent away from home following hospital discharge, is used as a proxy measure of functional recovery in stroke studies. Data on home time may ...
PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE EXSCEL TRIAL

Large studies in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have identified agents that lower major adverse cardiovascular (CV) event (MACE) rates, but certain agents increase rates of lower extremity amputation (LEA). Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have greater incidence of DM and risk for
Asthma in the Primary Care Setting

Asthma is one of the commonest respiratory diseases in the United States, affecting approximately 8% of adults. This article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of asthma, with integration of recommendations from professional societies, with special attention to differential diagnosis. A framework for outpatient management of patients with asthma is presented, including indications for subspecialist referral. With integration of objective diagnostic information, systematic approach through modification of disease triggers and adjustment of controller medications, and patient empowerment to respond to varying symptoms using an asthma action plan, most individuals with asthma are successfully managed in the primary care setting.
Translocator protein in late stage Alzheimer's disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies brains.

Objective Increased translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), in glial cells of the brain has been used as a neuroinflammation marker in the early and middle stages of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). In this study, we investigated the changes in TSPO density with respect to late stage AD and DLB. Methods TSPO density was measured in multiple regions of postmortem human brains in 20 different cases: seven late stage AD cases (Braak amyloid average: C; Braak tangle average: VI; Aged 74-88, mean: 83 ± 5 years), five DLB cases (Braak amyloid average: C; Braak tangle average: V; Aged 79-91, mean: 84 ± 4 years), and eight age-matched normal control cases (3 males, 5 females: aged 77-92 years; mean: 87 ± 6 years). Measurements were taken by quantitative autoradiography using [3 H]PK11195 and [3 H]PBR28. Results No significant changes were found in TSPO density of the frontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, or red nucleus of the AD and DLB brains. A significant reduction in TSPO density was found in the substantia nigra (SN) of the AD and DLB brains compared to that of age-matched healthy controls. Interpretation This distinct pattern of TSPO density change in late stage AD and DLB cases may imply the occurrence of microglia dystrophy in late stage neurodegeneration. Furthermore, TSPO may not only be a microglia activation marker in early stage AD and DLB, but TSPO may also be used to monitor microglia dysfunction in the late stage of these diseases.
Tunable Nonlinear Topological Insulator for Acoustic Waves

Inspired by the quantum spin Hall effect, the authors propose a tunable nonlinear topological insulator for acoustic waves, which could be an ideal framework for lossless information transport. The band structure of the hexagonal unit cell is obtained analytically, using Bloch's theorem and zone-folding techniques, revealing doubly degenerate Dirac cones. Breaking of inversion symmetry creates energy-dependent band gaps with topologically protected edge states that are robust against backscattering at arbitrary interfaces. The proposed topological insulator could be a stepping-stone platform toward building tunable acoustic devices, interconnects, and electroacoustic integrated circuits.
Design Modifications of the Posterior-Stabilized Knee System May Reduce Anterior Knee Pain and Complications following Total Knee Replacement:

BackgroundIn total knee arthroplasty (TKA), advances in posterior-stabilized (PS) knee implant designs address patellofemoral mechanics and cam–post engagement in an effort to reduce patellofemoral...
Association between surgical approach and survival following resection of abdominopelvic malignancies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent studies demonstrating decreased survival following minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for cervical cancer have generated concern regarding oncologic efficacy of MIS. Our objective was to evaluate the association between surgical approach and 5-year survival following resection of abdominopelvic malignancies. METHODS Patients with stage I or II adenocarcinoma of the prostate, colon, rectum, and stage IA2 or IB1 cervical cancer from 2010-2015 were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. The association between surgical approach and 5-year survival was assessed using propensity-score-matched cohorts. Distributions were compared using logistic regression. Hazard ratio for death was estimated using Cox proportional-hazard models. RESULTS The rate of deaths at 5 years was 3.4% following radical prostatectomy, 22.9% following colectomy, 18.6% following proctectomy, and 6.8% following radical hysterectomy. Open surgery was associated with worse survival following radical prostatectomy (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.33; P = .005), colectomy (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.51; P < .001), and proctectomy (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10-1.50; P = .002); however, open surgery was associated with improved survival following radical hysterectomy (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44-0.82; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MIS is an acceptable approach in selected patients with prostate, colon, and rectal cancers, while concerns regarding MIS resection of cervical cancer appear warranted.
Solitary Confinement, Public Safety, and Recdivism

As of 2005, about 80,000 prisoners were housed in solitary confinement in jails and in state and federal prisons in the United States. Prisoners in solitary confinement are generally housed in a cell for twenty-two to twenty-four hours a day with little human contact or interaction. The number of prisoners held in solitary confinement increased 40 percent between 1995 and 2000, in comparison to the growth in the total prison population of 28 percent. Concurrently, the duration of time that prisoners spend in solitary confinement also increased: nationally, most prisoners in solitary confinement spend more than five years there. The effects of solitary confinement on prisoners have been a source of growing concern, but the question of whether solitary confinement affects public safety and recidivism has received less attention. While lower courts have imposed constitutional limitations on the use of solitary confinement, in the modern era the Supreme Court has never held that the practice is unconstitutional. Therefore, this Note argues for policy reforms to counteract the harmful impact of solitary confinement on public safety and recidivism, informed by the constitutional standards for its use in prisons.
Assembly of nanocrystal clusters by solvent evaporation: icosahedral order and the breakdown of the Maxwell regime

We carry out molecular dynamics simulations of N gold alkylthiolated nanocrystals (0 ≤ N ≤ 29) contained in liquid droplets of octane, nonane and decane coexisting with its vapor. The equilibrium structures that result when all the solvent dries up consist of highly symmetric nanocrystal clusters with different degrees of icosahedral order that are thoroughly characterized. We show that the relaxation times follow two regimes, a first for small nanocrystal packing fraction, dominated by the diffusion of vapor molecules (Maxwell regime, relaxation times independent of N) and another, for larger packing fractions, where the solvent diffuses through the cluster (with relaxation times growing like N2/3). We discuss the connection to the assembly of superlattices, prediction of lattice constants and evaporation models.
Single-shot two-dimensional spectroscopic magnetomotive optical coherence elastography with graphics processing unit acceleration.

Biomechanical contrast within tissues can be assessed based on the resonant frequency probed by spectroscopic magnetomotive optical coherence elastography (MM-OCE). However, to date, in vivo MM-OCE imaging has not been achieved, mainly due to the constraints on imaging speed. Previously, spatially-resolved spectroscopic contrast was achieved in a “multiple-excitation, multiple-acquisition” manner, where seconds of coil cooling time set between consecutive imaging frames lead to total acquisition times of tens of minutes. Here, we demonstrate an improved data acquisition speed by providing a single chirped force excitation prior to magnetomotion imaging with a BM-scan configuration. In addition, elastogram reconstruction was accelerated by exploiting the parallel computing capability of a graphics processing unit (GPU). The accelerated MM-OCE platform achieved data acquisition in 2.9 s and post-processing in 0.6 s for a 2048-frame BM-mode stack. In addition, the elasticity sensing functionality was validated on tissue-mimicking phantoms with high spatial resolution. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, MM-OCE images were acquired from the skin of a living mouse, demonstrating its feasibility for in vivo imaging.
Combined MRI-targeted Plus Systematic Confirmatory Biopsy Improves Risk Stratification for Patients Enrolling on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined MRI-targeted plus systematic 12-core biopsy (Cbx) to aid in the selection of patients for active surveillance (AS). Methods From July 2007 through January 2020, patients with Gleason Grade Group (GG) 1 or GG 2 prostate cancer were referred to our center for AS consideration. All patients underwent an MRI and confirmatory combined MRI-targeted plus systematic biopsy (Cbx), and AS outcomes based on Cbx results were compared. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of AS failure, defined as progression to ≥ GG3 disease on follow-up biopsies. Results Of 579 patients referred for AS, 79.3% (459/579) and 20.7% (120/579) had an initial diagnosis of GG1 and GG2 disease, respectively. Overall, 43.2% of patients (250/579) were upgraded on confirmatory Cbx, with 19.2% (111/579) upgraded to ≥ GG3. For the 226 patients followed on AS, 32.7% (74/226) had benign, 45.6% (103/226) had GG1, and 21.7% (49/226) had GG2 results on confirmatory Cbx. In total, 28.8% (65/226) of patients eventually progressed to ≥ GG3, with a median time to AS failure of 89 months. The median time from confirmatory Cbx to AS failure for the negative, GG1, and GG2 groups were 97, 97, and 32 months, respectively (p Conclusion The confirmatory combined MRI-targeted plus systematic biopsy provides useful information for the risk stratification of patients at the time of AS enrollment.
Women against Abortion: Inside the Largest Moral Reform Movement of the Twentieth Century

Review of: Women against Abortion: Inside the Largest Moral Reform Movement of the Twentieth Century, by Karissa Haugeberg.
Antiracism and the Problems with "Achievement Gaps" in STEM Education.

This Current Insights draws together recent scholarship to motivate critical reflection on the problem of “achievement gaps” in STEM education.
Introducer Design Concepts for an Epicardial Parallel Wire Robot.

Background Cardiac gene therapies lack effective delivery methods to the myocardium. While direct injection has demonstrated success over a small region, homogenous gene expression requires many injections over a large area. To address this need, we developed a minimally invasive flexible parallel wire robot for epicardial interventions. To accurately deploy it onto the beating heart, an introducer mechanism is required. Methods Two mechanisms are presented. Assessment of the robot's positioning, procedure time, and pericardium insertion forces are performed on an artificial beating heart. Results Successful positioning was demonstrated. The mean procedure time was 230 ± 7 seconds for mechanism I and 259 ± 4 seconds for mechanism II. The mean pericardium insertion force was 2.2 ± 0.4 N anteriorly and 3.1 ± 0.4 N posteriorly. Conclusion Introducer mechanisms demonstrate feasibility in facilitating the robot's deployment on the epicardium. Pericardium insertion forces and procedure times are consistent and reasonable.
"Cristal tachycardias": origin of right atrial tachycardias from the crista terminalis identified by intracardiac echocardiography.

Abstract Objectives. We sought to use intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) to identify the anatomic origin of focal right atrial tachycardias and to define their relation with the crista terminalis (CT). Background. Previous studies using ICE during mapping of atrial flutter and inappropriate sinus tachycardia have demonstrated an important relation between endocardial anatomy and electrophysiologic events. Recent studies have suggested that right atrial tachycardias may also have a characteristic anatomic distribution. Methods. Twenty-three consecutive patients with 27 right atrial tachycardias were included in the study. ICE was used to facilitate activation mapping in relation to endocardial structures. A 20-pole catheter was positioned along the CT under ICE guidance. ICE was also used to assist in guiding detailed mapping with the ablation catheter in the right atrium. Results. Of 27 focal right atrial tachycardias, 18 (67%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 46% to 83%) were on the CT (2 high medial, 8 high lateral, 6 mid and 2 low). ICE identified the location of the tip of the ablation catheter in immediate relation to the CT in all 18 cases. The 20-pole mapping catheter together with echocardiographic visualization of the CT provided a guide to the site of tachycardia origin along this structure. Radiofrequency ablation was successful in 26 (96%) of 27 (95% CI 81% to 100%) right atrial tachycardias. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that approximately two thirds of focal right atrial tachycardias occurring in the absence of structural heart disease will arise along the CT. Recognition of this common distribution may potentially facilitate mapping and ablation of these tachycardias.
De Wied and colleagues I: evidence for a VP and an OT influence on MP: launching the "VP/OT central memory theory".

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the active and passive avoidance tasks that were the primary paradigms used by De Wied and colleagues in their vasopressin (VP)/oxytocin (OT) research on memory processing. The early studies led, and later studies continued, to support the speculation that aside from their well-known actions as peripheral hormones, these neurohypophysial peptides have central nervous system (CNS) effects that play a significant role in memory processing. VP facilitates the processing, an effect that appears to be far more consistently observed during the stages of consolidation and retrieval than during learning. OT serves as a natural amnestic that impairs memory consolidation and retrieval, at least in avoidance paradigms. The formulation of the basic ideas as three theoretical propositions, together with relevant evidence from the studies reviewed, is presented in the chapter. The “VP/OT central memory theory” comprises an evolving viewpoint as to how these neurohypophysial peptides operate to influence learning and memory. Time-dependent effects are also consistent with the proposal that VP influences memory consolidation.
Racism and Well‐Meaning People

, Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp. 229–230, ISSN 0195-6086, electronic ISSN 1533-8665. © 2008 by the Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/si.2008.31.2.229. Racism and Well-Meaning People
Conflict, the sire of exchange: “Violence is the sire of all the world’s values.” Robinson Jeffers

Abstract Utilizing a model of conflict, with two goods, three activities (production, predation and defense), the paper shows that uncontested exchange is an impossibility. All exchange is contested. Through a bargaining game extension of a predation game, a characterization of an exchange spectrum is developed. The metric for these exchange possibilities is based on threats of predation and exploitation, i.e. conflict. Uncontested exchange, Walrasian market exchange, is but one point along this spectrum, and is not robust to exploitation.
Linear vs. Quadratic Optimization Algorithms for Bias Correction of Left Ventricle Chamber Boundaries in Low Contrast Projection Ventriculograms Produced from Xray Cardiac Catheterization Procedure

Cardiac catheterization procedure produces ventriculograms which have very low contrast in the apical, anterior and inferior zones of the left ventricle (LV). Pixel-based classifiers operating on these images produce boundaries which have systematic positional and orientation bias and have a mean error of about 10.5 mm. Using the LV convex information, comprising of the apex and the aortic valve plane, this paper presents a comparison of the linear and quadratic optimization algorithms to remove these biases. These algorithms are named after the way the coeffcients are computed: the identical coeffcient and the independent coeffcient. Using the polyline metric, we show that the quadratic optimization is better than the linear optimization. We also show that the independent coeffcient method performs better than the identical coeffcient when the training data is large. The overall mean system error was 2.49 mm while the goal set by the cardiologist was 2.5 mm.
Magnetism and Spin-Fluctuation Induced Superconductivity in RUTHENATES?TALK Presented at the SNS'97 Conference, Cape COD, 1997.

Abstract Layered and pseudocubic Ru-based perovskites have been the subject of considerable recent attention, due to their unusual magnetic properties and the discovery of superconductivity in one member of the family, Sr2RuO4. From a magnetic point of view, interest derives from the stable ferromagnetism in SrRuO3, gradually disappearing to a non-magnetic phase upon substituting Sr with isovalent Ca, a very unusual kind of behavior for three-dimensional perovskites. On the superconducting side, interest was stimulated by theoretical conjectures and experimental indications that Sr2RuO4 might be a p-wave superconductor. We report first-principles LSDA calculations for ferromagnetic SrRuO3, antiferromagnetic Sr2YRuO6, non-magnetic CaRuO3, and superconducting Sr2RuO4. In all cases, magnetic properties are well reproduced by the calculations. Anomalous properties are explained in terms of simple TB models and Stoner theory. An important result is that O bears sizable magnetic moments and plays an important role in the formation of the magnetic states. Based on these calculations, we have built a model for the q-dependent Stoner interaction, which we consequently applied to Sr2RuO4 to estimate superconducting and mass-renormalization electron–paramagnon coupling constants. We found that spin-fluctuation induced p-wave superconductivity is possible in Sr2RuO4. The estimated critical temperature, specific heat and susceptibility renormalizations are all in good agreement with the experiment.
The extracellular calcium receptor

The importance of intracellular calcium in regulating cell function is well recognized. No less important, but less well understood (and probably appreciated), is the fundamental role played by extracellular calcium, Ca2+o, in the modulation of cell function. The recent cloning of Ca2+o-sensing, G-protein-coupled receptors from bovine (and human) parathyroid and rat kidney (and brain) has clearly demonstrated that Ca2+o can function as a traditional 'first messenger'. The identification of 'inactivating' and 'activating' mutations in this Ca2+o-sensing receptor in two hypercalcemic disorders and in an autosomal dominant form of hypocalcemia, respectively, has underscored the physiological relevance of this receptor in Ca2+ homeostasis in man. These advances have significantly enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in extracellular calcium sensing in parathyroid and kidney. Moreover, the localization of the Ca2+o-sensing receptor in tissues previously not known to have Ca2+o-sensing capability has suggested novel and potentially quite important roles for Ca2+o in regulating the function of cells not apparently directly involved in Ca2+ homeostasis.