cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron microscopic visualization of membrane-mediated uptake and translocation of estrogen-BSA:colloidal gold by Hep G2 cells

Previously, we have identified a membrane-mediated uptake and translocation of 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3, 17beta-diol 6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime:(125)I-labeled BSA (E6(125)I-BSA) in vivo in immature female rat liver from the plasma membrane (P3 fraction) to the mitochondria and/or lysosomes (P2 fraction). To further investigate this unique effect, current experiments have involved the use of 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3, 17beta-diol 17-hemisuccinate:( 125)I-BSA (E17(125)I-BSA) to demonstrate the presence of binding sites and translocation of the ligand in human hepatoblastoma (Hep G2) cells. In addition, an estrogen-BSA:colloidal gold conjugate, E17 BSA:Au, was used to directly visualize this uptake in Hep G2 cells. Hep G2 cells displayed high-affinity, stereospecific binding of E17(125)I-BSA. This same ligand was also translocated from the P3 fraction to the P2 fraction. In contrast, (125! )I-BSA was minimally removed from the culture medium. Electron micrographs of Hep G2 cells labeled with E17 BSA:Au demonstrated uptake of this ligand by clathrin-coated pits, indicative of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, this ligand was also found in larger vesicles and multivesicular bodies, suggesting the involvement of the compartment of uncoupling of receptor and ligand (CURL), but never in the nucleus. As early as 30 min post-exposure, the ligand could be viewed in organelles, many of which had vesiculated interiors, resembling rounded, vesiculated mitochondria. Labeled BSA was detected mainly in the extracellular compartment, with few multivesicular bodies containing the labeled BSA. The translocation of E17 BSA:Au was virtually eliminated by 100 nM unlabeled E17 BSA or free 17beta-estradiol, but not 17alpha-E6 BSA, 17alpha-estradiol or P6 BSA, and also by exposure of the cells to reduced temperature. These experiments are the first t! o visually demonstrate membrane binding and specific uptake of an estrogen-containing ligand while allowing the intracellular structures responsible to be seen. Furthermore, they identify a potentially new pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis; namely, the shuttling of estrogens to the mitochondria, in addition to the classical lysosomal pathway.
Novel functionally graded acicular electrode for solid oxide cells fabricated by the freeze-tape-casting process

Abstract The performance of electrode supported solid oxide cells is often limited by gas transport in the thick electrode support. In this study, a novel functionally graded acicular hydrogen electrode microstructure has been fabricated by the freeze-tape-casting method. The effects of freeze-tape-casting processing parameters such as solid loading, freezing bed temperature and tape pulling rate on the morphology of the hydrogen electrode support have been investigated. The electrochemical performance of the cells having the novel functionally graded acicular hydrogen electrode has been significantly improved. In the fuel cell mode, a high power output of 1.28 W cm −2 and a low polarization resistance of 0.166 Ω cm 2 have been achieved at 800 °C with H 2 as fuel and ambient air as oxidant using nickel–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the hydrogen electrode, YSZ as the electrolyte, and (La 0.75 Sr 0.25 ) 0.95 MnO 3 –YSZ as the oxygen electrode. In the electrolysis mode, a high current density of 2.3 A cm −2 with 30 vol% absolute humidity in the hydrogen electrode at 800 °C has been achieved with an applied cell voltage of 1.6 V. It has been revealed that the novel acicular hydrogen electrode decreases the gas diffusion resistance, thus enhancing the cell performance.
Preparation and Characterization of Polycrystalline and Single Crystal Gd Doped Barium Cerium Oxide

Polycrystalline samples of BaCexGd1-x03 have been prepared with 0.10 < x < 0.20. X-ray powder diffraction indicates the samples contain only one crystalline phase for doping levels < 0.15. Transmission electron microscopy analyses on the 10% doped sample revealed no glassy phases in the intergranular regions. Single crystal fibers were prepared by Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) from the polycrystalline samples. Fiber growth was non-conservative thus the single crystal quality was limited. Preliminary conductivity measurements on the polycrystalline samples using AC impedance spectroscopy are compared with literature data.
Rrp1b, a New Candidate Susceptibility Gene for Breast Cancer Progression and Metastasis

A novel candidate metastasis modifier, ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B (Rrp1b), was identified through two independent approaches. First, yeast two-hybrid, immunoprecipitation, and functional assays demonstrated a physical and functional interaction between Rrp1b and the previous identified metastasis modifier Sipa1. In parallel, using mouse and human metastasis gene expression data it was observed that extracellular matrix (ECM) genes are common components of metastasis predictive signatures, suggesting that ECM genes are either important markers or causal factors in metastasis. To investigate the relationship between ECM genes and poor prognosis in breast cancer, expression quantitative trait locus analysis of polyoma middle-T transgene-induced mammary tumor was performed. ECM gene expression was found to be consistently associated with Rrp1b expression. In vitro expression of Rrp1b significantly altered ECM gene expression, tumor growth, and dissemination in metastasis assays. Furthermore, a gene signature induced by ectopic expression of Rrp1b in tumor cells predicted survival in a human breast cancer gene expression dataset. Finally, constitutional polymorphism within RRP1B was found to be significantly associated with tumor progression in two independent breast cancer cohorts. These data suggest that RRP1B may be a novel susceptibility gene for breast cancer progression and metastasis.
Quantum fluctuations in insulating ferroelectrics

It has been proposed that in a ferroelectric insulator, an applied magnetic field may couple the transverse phonon modes and produce left and right circularly polarized phonon modes which are no longer degenerate. We quantize the theory and examine the effects of quantal fluctuations. In particular, we show that the zero-point fluctuations result in a large diamagnetic contribution to the magnetic susceptibility.
Small-Signal Cross-Gain Modulation of Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

The small-signal cross-gain modulation (XGM) characteristics of a p-doped quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are measured and compared with a theoretical model. The measured small-signal XGM responses show an average 3-dB bandwidth of 3.5 GHz and have no significant dependence on the pump-probe detuning wavelength. This indicates that the main XGM mechanism of the p-doped QD SOA is the total carrier density change rather than spectral hole burning. The measured small-signal conversion efficiency is compared with a theoretical model, which is derived from rate equations for QD SOAs. Based on our theoretical results, we find that the reduced intersubband (from the QD excited to ground state) carrier relaxation time due to p-type doping will decrease the small-signal 3-dB XGM bandwidth of QD SOAs
Shovels, Trowels, and Ice Cream Scoops: In Search of the Right Tool to Explain Scientific Management:

Each term, when covering the history of management, many students have difficulty identifying with “ancient” management figures such as Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Even in Birmingham, Alabama, the former “Pittsburgh of the South,” Taylor?s pig iron studies have little relevance. The bricklaying, sewing, and surgery studies by the Gilbreths fare only slightly better. The principles espoused by these figures have become so engrained in the field of management that students now see them as common sense. To help students relate more easily to these figures and to understand the basic principles of scientific management, a familiar activity, dipping ice cream, can be used. This exercise and subsequent discussion can clearly demonstrate how these management principles are applied. Students learn firsthand that worker productivity can be improved by applying concepts developed by Taylor and the Gilbreths. An added benefit is that this exercise builds rapport among students early in the term.
T3-4 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated with radiation therapy alone.

This article reviews the results of radiation therapy alone for T3–4 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Local control after radiation therapy is approximately 65% for patients with T3 glottic and supraglottic carcinoma. The likelihood of local control is inversely related to tumor volume and, for those with glottic cancers, is adversely influenced by cartilage sclerosis on pretreatment computed tomography of the larynx. Local control after radiotherapy is approximately 60% for T4 glottic cancers and 50% for T4 supraglottic carcinomas. The probability of severe complications is related to primary site and T-stage.
Do You Say Something When It's Your Boss? The Role of Perpetrator Power in Prejudice Confrontation

Two experiments examined the role of perpetrator power in witnesses’ decision to confront a prejudicial remark. In Experiment 1, participants who witnessed a sexist remark by a higher-power (vs. an equal-power) perpetrator were significantly less likely to express confrontation intentions, despite finding the remark highly biased and inappropriate. In Experiment 2, participants read scenarios involving a sexist versus racist remark perpetrated by someone higher vs. lower vs. equal in power, and they reported their confrontation intentions. Perpetrator power again inhibited direct confrontation intentions, and this effect was mediated by perceptions of responsibility for intervening, perceived ability to decide how to respond, and perceived costs versus benefits of confronting. Findings were not qualified by discrimination type (racism vs. sexism) or by individual differences in participant prejudice. Consistent with power-as-approach theory, feeling powerless increased sensitivity to confrontation obstacles and thereby inhibited confrontation intentions.
Commun(icat)ing with Nature: The FCC and Federal Environmental Regulations

All agencies and departments within the U.S. Government are required to comply with a variety of federal statutes that seek to limit environmental damage. Most prevalent is the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which requires an environmental assessment process for all major federal actions. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is required to comply with NEPA and related statutes during the licensing and construction of communications towers. While the FCC is required to abide by these federal environmental statutes, it also operates under a mandate to maintain a robust and functioning national telecommunications network. The FCC has created its own internal regulations to administer its compliance with NEPA and related statutes, but the tradition of agency discretion in administrative law allows the FCC to dictate that compliance in terms of its primary mission. Hence, the FCC can decide whether the public interest would be best served by tower construction or by environmental protection, and that decision is typically dictated by the agency’s primary mission of enabling telecommunications. The death of millions of birds at communications towers is one major environmental problem that the FCC is required to ameliorate, per NEPA and other federal environmental statutes. However, the agency faces contradictory requirements from the 1934 Communications Act and the 1996 Telecommunications Act which force it to pay less heed to environmental protection. The FCC’s record of environmental compliance is not necessarily the result of spite toward the natural world, but of conflicting statutory mandates and unresolved difficulties in American administrative jurisprudence.
STEM-EDS Analysis of Fission Products in Neutron-Irradiated TRISO Fuel Particles from AGR-1 Experiment

Abstract Historic and recent post-irradiation-examination from the German AVR and Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Project have shown that 110 m Ag is released from intact tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel. Although TRISO fuel particle research has been performed over the last few decades, little is known about how metallic fission products are transported through the SiC layer, and it was not until March 2013 that Ag was first identified in the SiC layer of a neutron-irradiated TRISO fuel particle. The existence of Pd- and Ag-rich grain boundary precipitates, triple junction precipitates, and Pd nano-sized intragranular precipitates in neutron-irradiated TRISO particle coatings was investigated using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis to obtain more information on the chemical composition of the fission product precipitates. A U-rich fission product honeycomb shape precipitate network was found near a micron-sized precipitate in a SiC grain about ∼5 μm from the SiC-inner pyrolytic carbon interlayer, indicating a possible intragranular transport path for uranium. A single Ag-Pd nano-sized precipitate was found inside a SiC grain, and this is the first research showing such finding in irradiated SiC. This finding may possibly suggest a possible Pd-assisted intragranular transport mechanism for Ag and may be related to void or dislocation networks inside SiC grains. Preliminary semi-quantitative analysis indicated the micron-sized precipitates to be Pd2Si2U with carbon existing inside these precipitates. However, the results of such analysis for nano-sized precipitates may be influenced by the SiC matrix. The results reported in this paper confirm the co-existence of Cd with Ag in triple points reported previously.
Toxicity and synergism of insecticides against susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant third instars of the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: noctuidae)

Third-instar tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), susceptible or resistant to pyrethroids were tested by exposure to residues of insecticides in glass liquid scintillation vials. These bioassays were done to find alternative insecticides or insecticide combinations for control of larvae resistant to pyrethroids, to evaluate the effect of synergists on insecticide toxicity and resistance, and to establish the main mechanisms of resistance present. Insecticides effective for control of resistant third-instar tobacco budworms included profenofos, sulprofos, acephate, endosulfan, methomyl, and thiodicarb. Cypermethrin combined with chlordimeform, piperonyl butoxide, or both was highly effective against resistant larvae. With other insecticides, neither piperonyl butoxide nor chlordimeform produced more than five-fold synergism. The only synergistic insecticide combination against resistant larvae was cypermethrin plus methyl parathion. Thus, use of other combinations had no advantage compared with use of alternative insecticides. High-level cypermethrin resistance, resistance to methyl parathion, and synergism of these insecticides by piperonyl butoxide provide evidence for metabolic resistance in this life stage. Therefore, we conclude that metabolic resistance seems to be the most important resistance mechanism in large tobacco budworms.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in twelve baboons (Papio spp.)

Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare in nonhuman primates and in humans. Methods Twenty-one PNETs from twelve female baboons (Papio spp.) from the Southwest National Primate Research Center were evaluated using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Results Histologically, all tumors were benign and had neuroendocrine packeting. Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin was positive in all tumors evaluated (17/17). Insulin was positive in 16 of 21 tumors. Somatostatin was positive in 9 of 20 tumors. Multifocal staining for glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide was evident in a minority of tumors (6/20 and 2/17, respectively). Gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were negative in all tumors evaluated. Nine tumors expressed more than one hormone marker. Conclusions This is the first detailed pathologic study of pancreatic endocrine tumors in the baboon. The findings suggest that these tumors are generally benign and have similar morphologic and immunohistochemical features as those described in people, including the ability to express multiple hormones.
X-Ray Analysis of the Structure of HM-50 Copolyamide Fibers

X-ray analysis methods have been used to investigate the structure of the high strength HM-50 copolyamide fiber produced by Teijin, Ltd. of Japan [1,2]. The fiber is prepared of a 50/25/25 mole ratio of the monomers shown below.
Relative Effects of Buoyancy and Momentum in Circular and Elliptic Burner Jet Flames

The relative effects of buoyancy and momentum on horizontally oriented circular and elliptic burner jet flames are presented. Laminar and turbulent flames were experimentally studied in a quiescent environment to determine the effects of jet exit velocity and burner geometry on gas jet diffusion flames. With the exception of flame stability studies, a hydrogen pilot flame of 5% of the total fuel mass flow rate was used in all experiments to keep a propane flame stable and attached to the burner. Laminar flames from the circular burner were shown to be of similar length and horizontal width as those from the elliptic burners regardless of the major and minor axes orientation. Turbulent flames from the circular burner were shown to be longer and of smaller horizontal width than the 4:1 AR elliptic burners. The circular-burner flame was less stable than the ellipticburner flames with no hydrogen pilot flame present, but was more stable than the ellipticburner flames with increasing hydrogen flow rate in the pilot flame. Only small differences in liftoff and blowout velocities between the two elliptic burner orientations were observed. Nitric oxide emission index for the circular-burner flame was slightly lower than with the elliptic-burner flames at lower jet exit velocities, but transitioned to slightly higher values at higher jet exit velocities. Carbon monoxide production was similar between the burners at turbulent flame conditions but was buoyancy dominated at laminar flame conditions. The elliptical burners produced a greater peak flame temperature than the circular burner and this increase was more apparent for laminar flames.
System Design for In-Hardware STDP Learning and Spiking Based Probablistic Inference

The emerging field of neuromorphic computing is offering a possible pathway for approaching the brain's computing performance and energy efficiency for cognitive applications such as pattern recognition, speech understanding, natural language processing etc. In spiking neural networks (SNNs), information is encoded as sparsely distributed spike trains, enabling learning through the spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) mechanism. SNNs can potentially achieve ultra-low power consumption and distributed learning due to the inherent asynchronous and sparse inter-neuron communications. Several inroads have been made in SNN implementations, however, there is still a lack of computational models that lead to hardware implementation of large scale SNN with STDP capabilities. In this work, we present a set of neuron models and neuron circuit motifs that form SNNs capable of in-hardware fully-distributed STDP learning and spiking based probabilistic inference. Functions such as efficient Bayesian inference and unsupervised Hebbian learning are demonstrated on the proposed SNN system design. A highly scalable and flexible digital hardware implementation of the neuron model is also presented. Experimental results on two different applications: unsupervised feature extraction and inference based sentence construction, have demonstrated the proposed design's effectiveness in learning and inference.
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System: A Systems Engineering Case Study

The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) was constructed between 1974 and 1977 in response to the 1973 oil crisis. It conveys oil from Prudhoe Bay in northern Alaska to the port of Valdez in the southeast, a distance of over 800 miles (1,300 km). Building the pipeline system meant dealing with a multiplicity of complex design and management decisions that involved engineering, environmental, political, legal, security, financial, and other issues. A decision was made to run most of the pipeline above ground, supported by permafrost, which engendered an innovative and creative set of solutions. An interesting major concern was to find a way not to interfere with the annual caribou migration. Security was (and is) a big issue. Some unanticipated risks also arose, some with unintended consequences. This paper examines the responses to myriad challenges, examining it from a systems engineering and systems thinking viewpoint. Questions for discussion are suggested so that this can be used as a case study in a course on systems engineering or systems thinking.
An investigation of professionalism reflected by student comments on formative virtual patient encounters

This study explored the use of virtual patient generated data by investigating the association between students’ unprofessional patient summary statements, which they entered during an on-line virtual patient case, and detection of their future unprofessional behavior. At the USUHS, students complete a number of virtual patient encounters, including a patient summary, to meet the clerkship requirements of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, and Pediatrics. We reviewed the summary statements of 343 students who graduated in 2012 and 2013. Each statement was rated with regard to four features: Unprofessional, Professional, Equivocal (could be construed as unprofessional), and Unanswered (students did not enter a statement). We also combined Unprofessional and Equivocal into a new category to indicate a statement receiving either rating. We then examined the associations of students’ scores on these categories (i.e. whether received a particular rating or not) and Expertise score and Professionalism score reflected by a post-graduate year one (PGY-1) program director (PD) evaluation form. The PD forms contained 58 Likert-scale items designed to measure the two constructs (Expertise and Professionalism). The inter-rater reliability of statements coding was high (Cohen’s Kappa = .97). The measure of receiving an Unprofessional or Equivocal rating was significantly correlated with lower Expertise score (r = −.19, P < .05) as well as lower Professionalism score (r = −.17, P < .05) during PGY-1. Incident reports and review of routine student evaluations are what most schools rely on to identify the majority of professionalism lapses. Unprofessionalism reflected in student entries may provide additional markers foreshadowing subsequent unprofessional behavior.
Do I Trust You? Depends on What You Feel: Interpersonal Effects of Emotions on Initial Trust at Zero‐Acquaintance

This article explores the interpersonal effects of emotions on stereotype formation and initial trust in zero-acquaintance interactions. In three experiments, we demonstrate that perceptions of partner sociability, morality, and competence are significantly influenced by emotional expressions and are important predictors of trust. Specifically, we show that in zero-acquaintance interactions, displays of happiness increase, but displays of anger decrease stereotypes of sociability, morality, and competence. Happiness expressions are also conducive to trust, whereas expressions of anger are detrimental to trust. We further demonstrate that expressions of ambivalence do not affect perceptions of sociability, but decrease perceptions of morality and competence. Overall, expressions of ambivalence have a negative effect on partner trust. Perceptions of morality consistently explain the effect of expressed happiness, anger, and ambivalence on initial trust across the three experiments and different bargaining contexts. Implications for research on emotions and trust in negotiations are discussed.
Pairing FLUXNET sites to validate model representations of land-use/land-cover change

Abstract. Land surface energy and water fluxes play an important role in land–atmosphere interactions, especially for the climatic feedback effects driven by land-use/land-cover change (LULCC). These have long been documented in model-based studies, but the performance of land surface models in representing LULCC-induced responses has not been investigated well. In this study, measurements from proximate paired (open versus forest) flux tower sites are used to represent observed deforestation-induced changes in surface fluxes, which are compared with simulations from the Community Land Model (CLM) and the Noah Multi-Parameterization (Noah-MP) land model. Point-scale simulations suggest the CLM can represent the observed diurnal and seasonal changes in net radiation ( Rnet) and ground heat flux ( G ), but difficulties remain in the energy partitioning between latent (LE) and sensible ( H ) heat flux. The CLM does not capture the observed decreased daytime LE, and overestimates the increased H during summer. These deficiencies are mainly associated with models' greater biases over forest land-cover types and the parameterization of soil evaporation. Global gridded simulations with the CLM show uncertainties in the estimation of LE and H at the grid level for regional and global simulations. Noah-MP exhibits a similar ability to simulate the surface flux changes, but with larger biases in H , G , and Rnet change during late winter and early spring, which are related to a deficiency in estimating albedo. Differences in meteorological conditions between paired sites is not a factor in these results. Attention needs to be devoted to improving the representation of surface heat flux processes in land models to increase confidence in LULCC simulations.
Citrullination of NF-κB p65 promotes its nuclear localization and TLR-induced expression of IL-1β and TNFα

Many citrullinated proteins are known autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis, a disease mediated by inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Citrullinated proteins are generated by converting peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline, a process catalyzed by the peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), including PAD1 to PAD4 and PAD6. Several major risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis are associated with heightened citrullination. However, the physiological role of citrullination in immune cells is poorly understood. We report that suppression of PAD activity attenuates Toll-like receptor-induced expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TNFα by neutrophils in vivo and in vitro but not their global transcription activity. Mechanistically, PAD4 directly citrullinates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 and enhances the interaction of p65 with importin α3, which brings p65 into the nucleus. The citrullination-enhanced interaction of p65 with importin α3 and its nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity can be attributed to citrullination of four arginine residues located in the Rel homology domain of p65. Furthermore, a rheumatoid arthritis-prone variant of PAD4, carrying three missense mutations, is more efficient in interacting with p65 and enhancing NF-κB activity. Together, these data not only demonstrate a critical role of citrullination in an NF-κB-dependent expression of IL-1β and TNFα but also provide a molecular mechanism by which heightened citrullination propagates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Accordingly, attenuating p65-mediated production of IL-1β and TNFα by blocking the citrullination of p65 has great therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis.
Opportunities and Challenges of Solar-Energy-Driven Carbon Dioxide to Fuel Conversion with Plasmonic Catalysts

The ability of plasmonic nanoparticles to harness visible light can be being combined with their catalytic activity to drive photocatalytic transformations. This Review introduces the promise of this new class of photocatalysts for fulfilling the quest for sunlight-driven recycling of CO2 into transportable liquid fuels. We discuss the prospects and challenges of such an approach. Despite considerable advances, a selective, stable, and efficient CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalyst has been elusive. These open challenges may be addressable by the strategic utilization of plasmonic light excitation. Plasmonic catalysts have exhibited the ability to drive a rich milieu of CO2RR processes under visible light excitation. At this stage, improved mechanistic understanding and reaction control are needed. To motivate rational design of photocatalytic materials and processes by a future generation of researchers, we suggest potential pathways by which plasmonic-assisted CO2RR can take place. We describe unique...
Exploring classroom discourse in the Common Core era: a multiple case study

ABSTRACTThe Common Core State Standards shifted comprehension instruction to an analytic process commonly referred to as close reading. This multiple case study explored the academic discourse stra...
Loxodonta africana (African elephant)

Since most chromosomes are difficult to classify, pairing is highly subjective. However, identification of the X chromosome offers no difficulty.
Quantum Creativity in Business

This chapter, shows how the quantum principles implicit in creativity, when properly applied, can help businesses not only with innovation but also with the evolutionary global changes that are coming our way. Deeper understanding of science derived from paradoxes revealed by quantum physics, show that consciousness is fundamental to the nature of reality. Implications for creativity and business derive from this understanding. I discuss how the creative process works for business innovations. I elucidate the preferred evolution of capitalism toward a new spiritual, ethical economic system and how businesses must adapt to it.
What does coordination look like in a head-final language?

Theories of clause linking treat coordination and subordination as mutually exclusive. In this paper, we examine a case where the surface distinction between coordination and subordination is obscured. Concentrating on the -ko construction in Korean, we show that a clause chain can be structurally ambiguous – it can either have all the properties of a coordinate structure or all the properties of a subordinate structure. The choice between the two types is determined by the construal of the events in question as parallel (coordination) vs. causal/sequential (subordination). We present diagnostics for determining subordination vs. coordination and show a correlation between syntactic and semantic properties involved in such structures.
The effect of hyperoxia on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in petrosal and nodose ganglion neurons during development (using organotypic slices).

Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors, within the carotid body (CB), are critical in maintaining respiratory and cardiac hemostasis by uniquely sensing changes in O2 tension. The components of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors are found within the CB, but the physiologic effects of activation of these located in the bifurcation of the carotid artery and consists of three major neuronal components that include: 1) type I chemosensory cells, also known as glomus cells, which contain neurotransmitters and autoreceptors; 2) type II cells, which are similar to supportive glial cells; and 3) chemoafferent nerve fibers from the carotid sinus nerve, a branch of the IX cranial nerve, with cell bodies in the petrosal ganglion (PG) (Verna 1997). Numerous studies, in several mammalian models, support a role for peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in contributing to stable ventilation at a critical period of development during early postnatal life, which establishes rhythmogenesis that is sustained throughout life (for review, Gauda et al. 2004; Carroll 2003). Chronic hyperoxia, during early postnatal development (PND), depresses ventilatory responses to subsequent acute hypoxia in newborn animals and in premature infants (Ling et al., 1997; Ling et al., 1997). Furthermore, histological evidence suggests that hyperoxia is cytotoxic to the CB and its associated chemoafferent neurons (Erickson et al. 1998). In other model systems, hyperoxia is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O2-), hydroxyl radical (OHx), and 22 between intracellular oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed, ROS contribute to cellular damage via lipid peroxidation, enzyme inactivation, and protein and nucleic acid oxidation, resulting in apoptosis or necrosis. We hypothesize that hyperoxia leads to an increased production of ROS and subsequent cytotoxic response in PG neurons.
Learning from Optimizing Matrix-Matrix Multiplication

We describe a learning process that uses one of the simplest examples, matrix-matrix multiplication, to illustrate issues that underlie parallel high-performance computing. It is accessible at multiple levels: simple enough to use early in a curriculum yet rich enough to benefit a more advanced software developer. A carefully designed and scaffolded set of exercises leads the learner from a naive implementation towards one that extracts parallelism at multiple levels, ranging from instruction level parallelism to multithreaded parallelism via OpenMP to distributed memory parallelism using MPI. The importance of effectively leveraging the memory hierarchy within and across nodes is exposed, as do the GotoBLAS and SUMMA algorithms. These materials will become part of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) to be offered in the future.
A Low-Power 8-GS/s Comparator for High-Speed Analog-to-Digital Conversion in $0.13\mu$ m CMOS Technology

This brief presents a novel comparator circuit design for high-speed analog-to-digital converters in data communication systems. The circuit achieves higher bandwidth compared to existing architectures, without the use of bandwidth enhancing inductors. Implemented in $0.13 {\mu }\text{m}$ CMOS technology, the proposed comparator operates from a 1.2V supply and consumes a total power of 2.4mW, with sampling speeds up to 8-GS/s.
Commentary: Employee Counseling, Equity Theory, and Research Opportunities:

We argue, first, that frontline human resource managers are typically given insufficient training and support. We base that assertion on the limited, available research and on our personal experien...
Implementation of a Temperature Ramp Rate Requirement and Impact on the Packaging Processes

Abstract This paper addresses implementation of a heating and cooling temperature ramp rate requirement and its impact on packaging processes. A complex multi-chip module packaging design includes ...
Cryo-EM studies of NAIP–NLRC4 inflammasomes

The NAIP-NLRC4 family of inflammasomes are components of the innate immune system that sound a molecular alarm in the presence of intracellular pathogens. In this chapter, we provide an in-depth guide to using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to investigate these inflammasomes, focusing especially on the techniques we used in our recent structural analysis of the NAIP5-NLRC4 inflammasome. We explain how to circumvent specific obstacles we encountered at each step, from sample preparation through data processing. The methods described here will be useful for further studies of the NAIP5-NLRC4 inflammasome and related supracomplexes involved in innate immune surveillance; they may also be useful for unrelated complexes that present similar issues, such as preferential orientations and compositional heterogeneity.
Spatial Variability in the Ratio of Interstellar Atomic Deuterium to Hydrogen. I. Observations toward delta Orionis by the Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph

Studies of the abundances of deuterium in different astrophysical sites are of fundamental importance to answering the question about how much deuterium was produced during big bang nucleosynthesis and what fraction of it was destroyed later. With this in mind, we used the Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph (IMAPS) on the ORFEUS-SPAS II mission to observe at a wavelength resolution of 4 km/s (FWHM) the L-delta and L-epsilon absorption features produced by interstellar atomic deuterium in the spectrum of delta Ori A. A chi-square analysis indicated that 0.96 < N(D I)< 1.45e15 cm^{-2} at a 90% level of confidence, and the gas is at a temperature of about 6000K. To obtain an accurate value of N(H I) needed for a determination of the atomic ratio of D to H, we measured the L-alpha absorption features in 57 spectra of delta Ori in the IUE archive. From our measurement of N(H I)= 1.56e20 cm^{-2}, we found that N(D I)/N(H I)= 7.4(+1.9,-1.3)e-6 (90% confidence). Our result for D/H contrasts with the more general finding along other lines of sight that D/H is approximately 1.5e-5. The underabundance of D toward delta Ori A is not accompanied by an overabundance of N or O relative to H, as one might expect if the gas were subjected to more stellar processing than usual.
Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors Influence the Live-Born Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease: A Population-Based Study in California.

BACKGROUND The development of congenital heart disease (CHD) is multifactorial with genetic and environmental influences. We sought to determine the relationship between socioeconomic and environme...
Sub-wavelength Discrete Solitons in Nonlinear Metamaterials

We present the first theoretical prediction of sub-wavelength discrete solitons in nonlinear periodic metamaterials. These solitons result from the three-fold interplay between periodicity, nonlinearity, and surface plasmons tunneling in nano-scaled nonlinear metallic waveguide array.
Efferent projections of Vglut2, Foxp2, and Pdyn parabrachial neurons in mice

The parabrachial nucleus (PB) is a complex structure located at the junction of the midbrain and hindbrain. Its neurons have diverse genetic profiles and influence a variety of homeostatic functions. While its cytoarchitecture and overall efferent projections are known, we lack comprehensive information on the projection patterns of specific neuronal subtypes in the PB. In this study, we compared the projection patterns of glutamatergic neurons here with a subpopulation expressing the transcription factor Foxp2 and a further subpopulation expressing the neuropeptide Pdyn. To do this, we injected an AAV into the PB region to deliver a Cre-dependent anterograde tracer (synaptophysin-mCherry) in three different strains of Cre-driver mice. We then analyzed 147 neuroanatomical regions for labeled boutons in every brain (n = 11). Overall, glutamatergic neurons in the PB region project to a wide variety of sites in the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, diencephalon, and brainstem. Foxp2 and Pdyn subpopulations project heavily to the hypothalamus, but not to the cortex, basal forebrain, or amygdala. Among the few differences between Foxp2 and Pdyn cases was a notable lack of Pdyn projections to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Our results indicate that genetic identity determines connectivity (and therefore, function), providing a framework for mapping all PB output projections based on the genetic identity of its neurons. Using genetic markers to systematically classify PB neurons and their efferent projections will enhance the translation of research findings from experimental animals to humans.
Pediatric acute compartment syndrome due to surgical positioning: a case report

Pediatric acute compartment syndrome from surgical positioning may be difficult to recognize. Increasing anxiety and analgesic requirements can suggest developing compartment syndrome. We present a case of compartment syndrome after a non-orthopedic surgery.
Dynamic capabilities and performance of emerging market international new ventures: Does international entrepreneurial culture matter?:

This article examines the phenomenon of dynamic capabilities in international new ventures (INVs) from emerging markets. While this research stream is gaining traction, the literature is fragmented...
ANIMATE EARTH, SETTLER RUINS: Mound Landscapes and Decolonial Futures in the Native South

This article theorizes the uneven entanglements between settler processes of ruination, a dynamic structured by regimes of history/prehistory, life/death, and life/nonlife, and “mound power,” or the force relations exercised by Indigenous landscapes as animate beings in their own right. I draw on research with members of a community in the U.S. South who claim Muskogee ancestry, visiting ancestral mound or earthwork and shellwork sites built over the past six thousand years. Wounded by ongoing colonial violence, these landscapes call out to descendants, drawing them into ancestral movements and relations of care. In these moments, ancestral sites refuse to be fixed within terminal chronological periods removed from a settled present, enrolling descendants into Indigenous space-times that dramatically exceed colonial timescales and temporalities. Drawing on this deep historical perspective, this article articulates a modest hope for the ways Indigenous landscapes, as agentive beings, animate decolonial possibilities for life in the ruins of colonial empires.
Should Patients with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Undergo Bariatric Surgery

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The main treatment has traditionally been positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea and/or hypoventilation. However, how to address obesity or the best approach to treat obesity has not been determined. In this chapter we will demonstrate that bariatric surgery was associated with significant weight loss and improvement of gas exchange and pulmonary artery pressure with resolution of OHS. Adverse events and death were reported in these studies, but unclear whether it entails a higher risk in OHS. Further studies are needed to determine the benefits and risk of bariatric surgery in patients with OHS.
All off-shell R2 invariants in five dimensional $ \mathcal{N}=2 $ supergravity

We construct supersymmetric completions of various curvature squared terms in five dimensional supergravity with eight supercharges. Adopting the dilaton Weyl multiplet, we obtain the minimal off-shell supersymmetric Ricci scalar squared as well as all vector multiplets coupled curvature squared invariants. Since the minimal off-shell super- symmetric Riemann tensor squared and Gauss-Bonnet combination in the dilaton Weyl multiplet have been obtained before, both the minimal off-shell and the vector multiplets coupled curvature squared invariants in the dilaton Weyl multiplet are complete. We also constructed an off-shell Ricci scalar squared invariant utilizing the standard Weyl multiplet. The supersymmetric Ricci scalar squared in the standard Weyl multiplet is coupled to n number of vector multiplets by construction, and it deforms the very special geometry. We found that in the supersymmetric AdS 5 vacuum, the very special geometry defined on the moduli space is modified in a simple way. Finally, we study the magnetic string and electric black hole solutions in the presence of supersymmetric Ricci scalar squared.
Attitudes Surrounding an Imperfect AI Autograder

Deployment of AI assessment tools in education is widespread, but work on students’ interactions and attitudes towards imperfect autograders is comparatively lacking. This paper presents students’ perceptions surrounding a ∼ 90% accurate automated short-answer grader that determined homework and exam credit in a college-level computer science course. Using surveys and interviews, we investigated students’ knowledge about the autograder and their attitudes. We observed that misalignment between folk theories about how the autograder worked and how it actually worked could lead to suboptimal answer construction strategies. Students overestimated the autograder’s probability of marking correct answers as wrong, and estimates of this probability were associated with dissatisfaction and perceptions of unfairness. Many participants expressed a need for additional instruction on how to cater to the autograder. From these findings, we propose guidelines for incorporating imperfect short answer autograders into classroom in a manner that is considerate of students’ needs.
Brain MRI Segmentation and Tumor Detection: Challenges, Techniques and Applications

To detect a brain tumor and its growth from MRI of brain image is one of the most common techniques in medical research field. From the internal structure of human brain, the scanning process of brain image gives more detailed information about the growth of brain tumor. Despite many years of research and substantial contributions, brain MRI segmentation is still a very challenging task to suit for range of diagnosis. It has been generalized to detect the brain tumor manually from medical image, which is a complex and tedious task. Even though several methods and encouraging results are obtained for brain tumor segmentation, sensitive and accurate detection are still a thought-provoking task due to the different shapes, locations and image intensities of different types of tumor. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the brain tumor detection from MRI images is presented. The paper draws an attention towards the background of brain tumor and its distinction, discussion on brain tumor segmentation and algorithms classification. Finally, state-of-the-art-techniques for brain tumor detection are discussed based on the recent works and the review is concluded with open issues and challenges. This paper not only reviews, compares and consolidates the recent related works, but also admires the author's findings, solutions and discusses its usefulness towards tumor detection in medical applications. The uniqueness of this paper lies in the review of brain tumor segmentation and detection using MRI images.
Topological Machine Learning Methods for Power System Responses to Contingencies

While deep learning tools, coupled with the emerging machinery of topological data analysis, are proven to deliver various performance gains in a broad range of applications, from image classification to biosurveillance to blockchain fraud detection, their utility in areas of high societal importance such as power system modeling and, particularly, resilience quantification in the energy sector yet remains untapped. To provide fast acting synthetic regulation and contingency reserve services to the grid while having minimal disruptions on customer quality of service, we propose a new topology-based system that depends on a neural network architecture for impact metric classification and prediction in power systems. This novel topology-based system allows one to evaluate the impact of three power system contingency types, in conjunction with transmission lines, transformers, and transmission lines combined with transformers. We show that the proposed new neural network architecture equipped with local topological measures facilitates more accurate classification of unserved load as well as the amount of unserved load. In addition, we are able to learn more about the complex relationships between electrical properties and local topological measurements on their simulated response to contingencies for the NREL-SIIP power system.
Δ-Substitute Preferences and Equilibria with Indivisibilities

Gross substitutes for quasi-linear preferences is characterized by the single improvement property, which says an agent can improve upon a sub-optimal bundle by adding or dropping a single item, or exchanging one item for another. We extend this notion in two ways: by allowing for non-quasi-linear preferences and the exchange of up to Delta items. Our results connect the improvement property with the geometry of the choice correspondence. We derive prices at which the excess demand for each good is at most Delta-1 and provide applications to the design of pseudo-markets for allocating indivisible resources.