cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of youth access to alcohol, guns, illegal drugs, or cigarettes in the home and association with health-risk behaviors.

PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence of access to alcohol, guns, drugs, or cigarettes in the home and its association with related health-risk behaviors among adolescents.METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 1995 in-home survey of the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health which used a nationally representative school-based sample (N = 6,504) of adolescents in grades 7-12. We used logistic regression analysis, adjusted for gender, race/ethnicity and age, to examine the associations between access to alcohol, guns, drugs, and cigarettes in the home and the practice of risk behaviors involving those variables.RESULTS: Overall, 1,817 (28%) adolescents reported having easy access to alcohol in the home, 1,616 (25%) had access to a gun, 189 (3%) had access to drugs, and 2,067 (32%) had access to cigarettes. Associations were found between easy home access to alcohol and drinking during the past 12 months (Adj. OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.89-2.47), ever being drunk at school (Adj. OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.85-2.95, and ever driving drunk (Adj. OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.29-2.09). Access to a gun at home was associated with carrying a gun to school (Adj. OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.40-4.64). Associations were also found between access to drugs and cigarettes in the home and ever using drugs and smoking regularly.CONCLUSIONS: Easy access to alcohol, guns, and cigarettes in the home is prevalent among adolescents and may increase involvement in risky behaviors. Limiting access therefore is important in order to reduce the occurrence of health-risk behaviors associated with substance use, deliquency and injury among adolescents.
Stability of High-Speed Chemically Reacting and Three-Dimensional Boundary Layers

The present work is devoted to a detailed determination of the stability of the laminar basic state of supersonic and hypersonic flow over 2D and axisymmetric bodies. Relatively simple geometries are considered due to the anticipated difficulties in performing a stability analysis. The inclusion and study of 3D and chemical nonequilibrium effects are discussed. The complete region between the wall and the shock is considered.
Big Data, data integrity, and the fracturing of the control zone

Despite all the attention to Big Data and the claims that it represents a ‘‘paradigm shift’’ in science, we lack understanding about what are the qualities of Big Data that may contribute to this revolutionary impact. In this paper, we look beyond the quantitative aspects of Big Data (i.e. lots of data) and examine it from a sociotechnical perspective. We argue that a key factor that distinguishes ‘‘Big Data’’ from ‘‘lots of data’’ lies in changes to the traditional, well-established ‘‘control zones’’ that facilitated clear provenance of scientific data, thereby ensuring data integrity and providing the foundation for credible science. The breakdown of these control zones is a consequence of the manner in which our network technology and culture enable and encourage open, anonymous sharing of information, participation regardless of expertise, and collaboration across geographic, disciplinary, and institutional barriers. We are left with the conundrum—how to reap the benefits of Big Data while re-creating a trust fabric and an accountable chain of responsibility that make credible science possible.
Hot surface ignition of n-hexane in air

An experimental investigation is conducted to analyze hot-surface ignition of n-hexane-air mixtures. The experimental setup, equipped with temperature diagnostics and schlieren imaging, utilizes a glow plug to initiate ignition in a flammable mixture. The hot-surface temperature at the point of ignition is measured for equivalence ratios ranging from 0.6 to 3 and chamber pressures varying from 25 to 100 kPa. The hot-surface temperature resulting in ignition is found to be weakly sensitive to equivalence ratio with a mean value of 980 K for mixtures with equivalence ratios between 0.75 and 3 at 100 kPa. Chamber pressure has a stronger influence with ignition temperature increasing to about 1140 K at 25 kPa. The experimental trends were reproduced in numerical simulations utilizing detailed chemistry of n-heptane as a surrogate for n-hexane given their similar ignition and flame propagation characteristics. The simulations further predict a two-stage ignition process resulting from an initial breakdown of the fuel with a small increase in temperature followed by a main ignition event accompanied by fuel depletion. Reaction rate analysis of the sequence of events leading to ignition conducted using a reduced order kinetic model suggests that the second-stage ignition event is caused primarily by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide which occurs at temperatures above 900 K. The two-stage ignition process observed here is significantly different from that observed in previous studies due to the presence of convective and diffusive processes as well as the continuous increase in hot-surface temperature. These arguments are used to explain the insensitivity of ignition temperature to equivalence ratio, its decrease with increasing chamber pressure, and the location of the ignition kernel observed in experiments and simulations.
Creep properties of Sn-Ag solder joints containing intermetallic particles

The creep behavior of the eutectic tin-silver joints and tin-silver composite solder joints containing 20 vol.% of Cu6Sn5, Ni3Sn4, and FeSn2 intermetallic reinforcements introduced by in-situ methods was investigated. These creep tests were carried out using single shear lap solder joints at room temperature, 85°C, and 125°C. The creep resistance was similar in magnitude for all alloys, and with increasing temperature, the stressexponents decreased in a manner consistent with power-law breakdown behavior. The FeSn2 intermetallic reinforced composite solder was found to be the most creep-resistant alloy at room temperature. Creep failure was observed to occur within the solder matrix in all these solder joints. Although a detailed analysis of the processes involved was difficult because of smearing of the features in the fracture surface, there were indications of grain-boundary separation, ductile fracture, and interfacial separation.
Planimetric Assessment of Anatomic Valve Area Overestimates Effective Orifice Area in Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis

Background Although the continuity equation remains the noninvasive standard, planimetry using transesophageal echocardiography is often used to assess valve area for patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Not uncommonly, however, anatomic valve area (AVA A ) obtained by planimetry overestimates continuity-derived effective valve area (AVA E ) in bicuspid AS. Methods Transthoracic Doppler and transesophageal echocardiography were performed to obtain AVA E and AVA A in 31 patients with bicuspid AS (age 61 ± 11 years) and 22 patients with degenerative tricuspid AS (age 71 ± 13 years). Aortic root and left ventricular outflow tract dimensions and the directional angle of the stenotic jet were assessed in all patients. Using these data, a computational fluid dynamics model was constructed to test the effect of these variables in determining the relationship between AVA E and AVA A . Results For patients with tricuspid AS, the correlation between AVA A (1.15 ± 0.36 cm 2 ) and AVA E (1.13 ± 0.46 cm 2 ) was excellent ( r = 0.91, P 2 ). However, AVA A was significantly larger (1.19 ± 0.35 cm 2 ) than AVA E (0.89 ± 0.29 cm 2 ) in the bicuspid AS group ( r = 0.71, P 2 ). Computer simulation demonstrated that the observed discrepancy related to jet eccentricity. Conclusion For a given anatomic orifice, functional severity tends to be greater in bicuspid AS than in tricuspid AS. This appears to be primarily related to greater jet eccentricity and less pressure recovery.
Preliminary study on C-arm technique for nephrolithiasis and kidney stones detection

Nephrolithiasis can be a painful problem due to presence of kidney stones. In this paper, we investigated a C-arm tomographic technique with digital detector for nephrolithiasis and kidney stones detection. The studies were based on a C-arm system to provide two-dimensional (2D) x-ray projection images with a single sweep of both x-ray source and detector over limited angular view that is less than 180°. Our experiments were done with kidney phantom and low radiation dosage. Datasets of 21 two-dimensional projection views of a kidney phantom with embedded kidney stones over view angle of 40° were acquired. Tomographic reconstruction methods were developed for C-arm technique. Computer simulation was investigated to compare results in both spatial and frequency domains. Preliminary results demonstrated that the capability of our C-arm tomographic technique to generate volume information for nephrolithiasis and kidney stone detection. As a traditional three-dimensional (3D) nephrolithiasis and kidney stones detection technique, computed tomography (CT) provides detailed cross-sectional images as well as 3D structure of kidney from moving the x-ray beam in a circle around the body. However, CT scans of the kidney may include risks of allergy to contrast dye. It also includes relatively higher exposure to radiation which is more than regular x-rays. Our C-arm tomographic technique has great potentials to provide detailed 3D information, especially for patients who need to get x-ray scanning repletion after undergoing extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy to track stone migration and fragmentation to provide the size and the location of kidney stones with low exposure of radiation compare with computed tomography (CT) scans.
Psychotic Mood Disorders Are Disorders of Thought and of Mood

Medical students and residents in psychiatry have been taught that schizophrenia is a disorder of thought, exclusive of disorders of mood. This dichotomy was imprinted upon academic psychiatry by the teachings of Kraepelin, Bleuler, and Schneider, despite almost 2,000 years of reports of cases of manic-depressive insanity whose behavior was described as psychotic suggesting disordered thought (Table 3.1). Only recently have serious questions been raised about this dichotomy despite these consistent observations of hallucinations and delusions in mood-disordered patients from the literature (Table 3.1) and also noted for 60 years in the DSMs (Tables 2.4, 9.3, 9.4, and 11.10). Psychotic thoughts, speech, and behavior that include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganization define a disorder of thought. Kraepelin’s dichotomy between the disorders of thought, the schizophrenias, and the disorders of affect, mood disorders, was simple, seemed to have separation, and continues to be widely embraced forming the keystone of psychiatry’s concept of the functional psychoses. Defective thought and speech garnered an extensive terminology that was sharply divided and mutually exclusive. Each term was indicative of either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (Table 13.1). Most of these signs and symptoms were initially attributed to schizophrenia, not mania or depression. To explore such issues of disordered thoughts and speech, several investigators have studied the brain’s selective attention mechanism and its dysfunction in severe psychiatric disorders of thought including schizophrenia, mania, and depression.
Electrophoretic Techniques for Controlling Concentration Polarization in Ultrafiltration

An electrophoretic technique for controlling concentration polarization has been successfully applied to the ultrafiltration of charged macrosolutes-proteins and colloidal electrodeposition paints. The electric field controlled the build-up of retained macrosolutes at the membrane surface. Resultant fluxes were 75% to 500% higher than normal ultrafiltration fluxes. Selectivity was also improved as indicated by a 2 to 6 fold increase in the separation factor for solutions of proteins. These preliminary results are analyzed in terms of the important process variables.
New Source Review: What's Old is New

Neither the Bush administration nor its critics grasp what is truly flawed with New Source Review. Its problems are two-fold: it is part and parcel of the larger mistake of grandfathering, and it is defined mostly in terms of the installation of pollution-control equipment. Both of these aspects of New Source Review retard the turnover of polluting capital, locking in obsolete, old facilities such as 80-year-old coal-fired power plants and giving them economic reasons to live well past their original intended retirement date. This capital sluggishness is bad from both an economic and an environmental perspective.
“Introduction to Geodesy: The History and Concept of Modern Geodesy” by James R. Smith

Geodesy, the study of the size and shape of the Earth, has undergone a major revolution since start of the space-age with the launch of Sputnik in 1957. The use of Earth-orbiting satellites fundamentally changed the way the positions of points on the Earth were measured and yielded for the first time truly global measurements of the Earth's gravity and magnetic fields. James R. Smith's book Introduction to Geodesy: The History and Concepts of Modern Geodesy traces the developments in geodesy from its earliest beginnings with Pythagoras (c. 580-500 B.C.) to the modern applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The book is non-technical (by design) and addresses the major issues in historical and modern geodesy through illustrative examples. The major conceptual issue that the book needs to address is the distinction between measurements made with respect to the Earth's gravity field (nearly all conventional methods) and the modern geodetic...
Coordinated Nanobiosensors for Enhanced Detection: Integration of Three Dimensional Structures to Toxicological Applications

A strategy of metallizing peptides to serve as conduits of electronic signals that bridge between a redox enzyme and a carbon-nanotube electrode has been developed with enhanced results. Our approach (1) conformationally stabilizes the state of the enzyme relative to the electrode surface. Scanning electron microscopy confirms immobilization and linking of the assembly specifically to the tips of carbon nanotube electrodes. Isothermal titration calorimetry and mass spectrometry indicate a binding stoichiometry of at least three metals bound per peptide strand. The crystal structure of the peptide, solved by X-ray crystallography to 1.6 Aa resolution, reveals high structural integrity. The sensitivity of this system to detect and semi-quantitate reactive oxygen species generated in situ by various nanomaterials was recently demonstrated (2). Overall, these results highlight the gain that can be achieved when the signal tranducing units of a biosensor are aligned through directed peptide chemistry.
Varieties of Religious Freedom in Japanese Buddhist Responses to the 1899 Religions Bill

Historians have often described early-twentieth-century Japanese Buddhists as ignorant of the importance of religious freedom, myopically focused on their parochial agendas, and sycophantically aligned with the state. Such depictions assume that the attitudes of a minority of elite Buddhist clerics represent majority Buddhist opinion; they also problematically treat religious freedom as a universal principle rather than a historically contingent concept subject to the conflicting claims of competing interest groups. This article highlights the contingency of religious freedom law and the diversity of its interpretation by introducing three discrete attitudes that surfaced in Buddhist responses to a controversial Bill advanced by the Japanese government in December 1899. Tracing differences between statist, corporatist, and latitudinarian interpretations of religious freedom, it shows that religious freedom is never unitary or uniform in any time or place.
Determination of Calcium,Copper and Zinc in Serum by Direct Dilution-flame Atomic Absorption

Objective To establish a method for determining calcium,copper and zinc in serum by direct dilution-flame atomic absorption. Methods Serum sample was diluted 5 times with 1% nitric acid and was directly determined in terms of copper and zinc,using 10% lanthanum nitrate to eliminate chemical interference before calcium determination. The standard solution was added with 10% glycerol matrix to make it similar to the dilution of serum. Results The detection limit of calcium,copper and zinc were respectively 0. 11 mg /L,0. 09 mg /L and 0. 03 mg /L,with the relative standard deviation all less than 5%. The recovery rate was between 92. 0%-103. 2%. Conclusion The method is simple,fast,sensitivity and accurate and thus suitable for large sample determination.
Future directions in breast implant surgery.

Numerous perceived and suspected problems were associated with silicone gel breast implantation during the 30 years of use before the 1992 FDA moratorium. The lack of adequate safety data, the Food and Drug Agencies, requirement for such data to grant pre market approval, and widespread product liability litigation has, since that time, resulted in a proliferation of research on implant performance, silicone materials, properties, and retrospective and prospective breast implant studies. To satisfy the desire by patients for augmentation, there has also been a dramatic interest in saline breast implantation in recent years concurrent with the widespread removal of gel implants from the market place. The problems will remain the same for saline breast implants, which are FDA approved. It is the objective of this report to provide an overview of inherent silicone gel and saline implant problems, especially to provide a perspective for future new and improved implant opportunities. The objective that has been identified and the center of the controversy is the manufacturing process for the silicone shell, its mechanical integrity, and longevity because it has not changed much.
STEM: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

According to Sanders (2009), the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the 1990’s began to use the acronym SMET, as a “… shorthand, for ‘science, mathematics, engineering, and technology”’ (p. 20). SMET was perceived to sound too much like “smut” and STEM, became the acronym of choice. While this may explain the modern label, …interest in education involving the study of the STEM subjects began in the colonial era …” (Salinger & Zuga, 2009, p. 4). They further note that the U.S. federal government has offered continual support for career and technology education though legislation such as the Vocational Education Act of 1917.
Spontaneous reproductive pathology in female guinea pigs

Reproductive pathology of domestic guinea pigs is underreported to date. To provide a comprehensive review of uterine disease in guinea pigs, we performed a retrospective study of the pathology archives of the University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine. By histology, 13 of 37 uterine lesions in 23 animals were neoplastic; the other 24 nonneoplastic lesions included cystic endometrial hyperplasia (16 of 24), endometrial hemorrhage (3 of 24), pyometra (2 of 24), polyp (2 of 24), and mucometra (1 of 24). The most common guinea pig uterine neoplasms were uterine leiomyomas (6 of 13), followed by adenomas (3 of 13) and leiomyosarcomas (1 of 13). Other neoplasms included anaplastic tumors of unknown origin (2 of 13) and choriocarcinoma (1 of 13). Both anaplastic tumors and the choriocarcinoma were positive for vimentin. The choriocarcinoma was positive for HSD83B1, indicating a trophoblastic origin and its final diagnosis. All were negative for cytokeratin and smooth muscle. In multiple animals, more than 1 tumor or lesion was reported. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression was nearly 100% in uterine neoplasms. Nearly all animals for which data were available had cystic rete ovarii (18 of 19); the animal with no cystic rete ovarii had paraovarian cysts. In our study, female pet guinea pigs had a tendency to develop cystic endometrial hyperplasia and uterine neoplasia. Factors for the development of these lesions could be cystic rete ovarii, hormone dysregulation, and/or age. Other factors could contribute to the development of uterine lesions. As in other species, early ovariohysterectomy could decrease the prevalence of uterine lesions.
Are There Concerns with Using Droperidol for Sedation for an Awake Fiberoptic Intubation

A 60-year-old patient with a history of squamous cell carcinoma on the floor of his mouth presents for esophageal dilation, which is needed after his radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. The tumor was completely resected, and he has a flap to his face and neck to cover an extensive wound. Of late, he has had a problem of eating solid food as a result of a narrowed esophageal lumen. It is hoped that the dilation will allow him to eat and maintain his current weight. From the airway examination and history, it is obvious that an awake fiberoptic intubation is the safest course of action. Due to what appears to be a treacherous airway, a second attending anesthesiologist is asked to join the resident and assigned anesthesiologist.
Development of Hepcidin Agonists and Antagonists.

Abstract SCI-27 Hepcidin binding to its receptor, the iron exporter ferroportin, leads to degradation of the ligand-receptor complex and decreased flow of iron into plasma from duodenum, macrophages and hepatocytes. Dysregulated production of hepcidin or its aberrant interaction with ferroportin causes a number of iron disorders. Hepcidin deficiency, either relative or absolute, underlies excessive iron loading in hereditary hemochromatosis, beta-thalassemia and hepatitis C. A rare type of hereditary hemochromatosis is also caused by ferroportin resistance to hepcidin. On the other side of the spectrum, hepcidin excess causes iron restriction and anemia, as is observed in patients with iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia. Hepcidin also contributes to development of anemia in different inflammatory disorders and chronic kidney disease, and may cause erythropoietin resistance. Hepcidin agonist and antagonists thus may be useful for treatment of different iron disorders. Antagonist strategies for lowering hepcidin levels have been reported, and include hepcidin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies or agents interfering with the BMP-related hepcidin production (soluble hemojuvelin and dorsomorphin). To undertake the rational design of drug leads, we analyzed the critical structural features that determine the interaction of hepcidin and Fpn. We showed that the thiol form of Fpn residue Cys326 is essential for hepcidin binding, as is the presence of a disulfide bond on hepcidin. The mechanism of binding appears to involve disulfide exchange between the two molecules. Treatment of ferroportin-expressing cells with thiol-reactive agents prevented hepcidin binding and allowed continuous export of iron from cells. Systematic mutagenesis of additional residues on hepcidin showed that His3, Phe4 and Phe9 are also important for binding to ferroportin. To provide leads for hepcidin agonists, we then synthesized a mini-hepcidin containing only the 9 N-terminal hepcidin residues (DTHFPICIF), and showed that it displayed significant activity in vitro. Proteolysis-resistant analogs of this peptide were also active in vivo after intraperitoneal injection in mice. The small size of these peptides may allow oral bioavailability. Understanding the mechanisms of hepcidin regulation and its interaction with ferroportin will facilitate the development of new agents for the treatment of iron overload disorders and iron-restricted anemias. Disclosures Nemeth:Intrinsic LifeSciences: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Viability of Hand and Wrist Photogoniometry.

Background: No goniometric technique is both maximally convenient and completely accurate, although photogoniometry (ie, picture taking to facilitate digital angle measurement) shows promise in this regard. Our purpose was to test the feasibility and reliability of a photogoniometric protocol designed to measure wrist and digit range of motion in general. Methods: Two independent observers examined a sample of joints in both normal and abnormal hands according to a photogoniometric protocol. Interrater and intrarater correlation were calculated, and these measurements were compared with measurements made by a third independent examiner with a manual goniometer. Results: The photo-based measurements were reliable within and between observers; however, only a minority of these measurements were in agreement with manually collected values. Conclusions: At present, photogoniometry is not an acceptable alternative to manual goniometry for determining wrist and digit range of motion in general. Joint-specific p...
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Renal Transplant Dysfunction.

Abstract Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice in patients with end-stage renal disease because the 5-year survival rates range from 72% to 99%. Although graft survival has improved secondary to the introduction of newer immunosuppression drugs and the advancements in surgical technique, various complications still occur. Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for the evaluation of renal transplants in the immediate postoperative period and for long-term follow-up. In addition to depicting many of the potential complications of renal transplantation, ultrasound can also guide therapeutic interventions. Nuclear medicine studies, CT, and MRI are often helpful as complementary examinations for specific indications. Angiography remains the reference standard for vascular complications and is utilized to guide nonsurgical intervention. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
Optical and Electronic Properties of SiC

This lecture is intended to be a short survey which highlights those aspects of the optical and electronic properties of SiC which are currently being studied on single crystal epitaxial films of SiC grown on Si or SiC. We touch on the following topics: optical constants, lattice bands, electronic band structure, low temperature photoluminescence, transport phenomena, defect states and wave-vector classification of SiC physical properties.
Conducting preference assessments for youth with disorders of consciousness during rehabilitation.

Purpose Care and rehabilitation for individuals with disorders of consciousness (DOC) can be challenging; the use of observational data collection, individualized treatment programs, and incorporation of preferred, personally meaningful and salient items may be helpful in addressing such challenges during assessment and intervention. In this article, we extend the predominantly adult literature on use of salient items to promote differential responding by describing our methodology to identify preferred items across sensory domains for application during inpatient rehabilitation with children with DOC. Method Details on the indirect and direct preference assessment procedures rooted in applied behavior analysis that we have tailored for this population are provided. We describe steps of the procedures, including structured caregiver interview, staff survey, item inclusion, in vivo single-item stimulus preference assessment, and treatment. Clinical case examples further illustrate implementation of our methodology, observed response topographies, individually identified preferred items, and their application for 3 children in a minimally conscious state. In addition, we introduce a new structured caregiver interview, the Preference Assessment for Youth with Disorders of Consciousness (PAYDOC), modeled on the Reinforcer Assessment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities (RAISD; Fisher, Piazza, Bowman, & Amari, 1996) and modified to be appropriate for future use as a clinical tool to enhance assessment of preferences with this pediatric brain injury population. Implications This methodology can be used to identify highly idiosyncratic stimuli that can be incorporated in multiple ways throughout rehabilitation to optimize care for youth with DOC. (PsycINFO Database Record
AB0699 Effects of global postural reeducatİon exercise and ANTI-TNF treatments on disease activity, FATİGUE, MOBİLİTY, sleep qualİty and depressİon in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (prospective-controlled trial)

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is chronic inflammatory disease that affects primarily the spine and the sacroiliac joints. ASAS/EULAR guidelines describe regular exercise as the cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatment and pharmacological treatments including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as first-line therapy, and a tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha inhibitor (anti-TNFα) as second-line medication in patients with persistently high disease activity despite conventional pharmacological treatment in patients with AS. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combination therapy with global postural reeducation exercise (GPR) and Anti-TNF treatments on pain, disease activity, mobility, fatigue, sleep quality, and depression in patients with active AS. Methods 60 active AS patients who meet the criteria of Modified New York and/or ASAS axial spondyloarthropathy were included in the study. Patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group was given anti-TNF therapy plus GPR exercise program. The 2nd group was given anti-TNF and conventional exercise therapy. The 3rd group was given routine exercise program along with their existing treatments (NSAIDs and/or SLZ). Following inventories are used for clinical evaluation: for disease activity – Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), for functionality – Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), for mobility – lumbar Schober, chest expansion, hand-finger to floor distance, for fatigue – fatigue Multidimensional Assessment Questionnaire (MAF), for sleep quality – Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), for depression – Beck depression Inventory (BDI). All patients were evaluated before treatment and at 3 months. Results The demographic characteristics of the patients were compared and there was no significant difference between the groups. The improvements in all parameters were better in both groups receiving exercise and anti-TNF therapy than in the control group after treatment compared with baseline. The Anti-TNF + GPR exercise therapy resulted in greater improvements than the anti TNF+ conventional exercise therapy in pain, and mobility parameters. Conclusions Anti-TNF therapy and exercise were efficient in both groups on improving pain, disease activity, fatigue, sleep quality, and depression. However, the improvements in pain and mobility were greater in the active AS patients with GPR exercise method. Therefore motivated patients should be encouraged to perform this exercise program. References Lubrano E, Spadaro A, Amato S, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor therapy and rehabilitation for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: A systematic review. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 44(2015)542–550. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Language Matters: Identifying Medically Complex Children in Foster Care.

* Abbreviation: CSHCN — : children with special health care needs An estimated 428 000 children are in foster care in the United States1; half of those children experience chronic medical problems and unmet health care needs.2 These ∼200 000 children span a spectrum from low to high health care needs and utilization,2 with the most complex having frequent hospitalizations and significant home care burdens.3 These children with medical complexity have multisystem, long-term diseases, and/or functional limitations that result in high care needs, high health care utilization, and often rely on medical technology.4 Although the majority of children enter foster care because of neglect or abuse, sometimes a child with medical complexity will enter foster care because his or her daily care needs outstrip their families’ resources or capabilities.1 They are often placed in medical foster care with foster parents who receive medical training, reimbursement at higher rates than typical foster parents, and special services (eg, respite, support groups) to match the needs of the medically complex foster child. Children with medical complexity account for one-third of all pediatric health care spending and expectedly have some of the most expensive care needs among children in foster care.5,6 Medical foster care is typically the most expensive foster placement in terms of daily rates provided to foster parents, although payment incentives have not increased the number of medical foster parents to meet the current demand.7 Not much is known about the outcomes of children in medical foster care or about the value of the federal and state resources dedicated to this population. Most available … Address correspondence to Renee D. Boss, MD, MHS, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Berman Institute of Bioethics, 1809 Ashland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail: rboss1{at}jhmi.edu
Debt spikes, blind spots, and financial stress*

Are blind spots of public debt spikes sizable? And how do they affect financial stress indicators? This paper tackles these questions empirically, using information from 179 episodes of public debt spikes between 1945 and 2014. We find that large public debt spikes are neither driven by high primary deficits nor by output declines but instead by stock-flow adjustments. These blind spots in debt dynamics are sizable in both advanced economies and emerging markets and could amount to more than 20% of gross domestic product in the median episode. These public debt spikes increase financial stress indicators significantly, in particular when a large share of public debt is held by domestic commercial banks. Enhanced transparency and better debt forecasting tools could help address financial market tensions resulting from blind spots in debt dynamics.
Qur’an of the Oppressed: Liberation Theology and Gender Justice in Islam, by Shadaab Rahemtulla, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017, xi + 295 pp., US$95 (hardback), ISBN 978 0 1987 9648 0

For a world heartened by the rise of moderate Muslim voices calling for gender equity and respect for human rights, this is an important book. In one volume, Shadaab Rahemtulla brings together a me...
Roost preference, postfledging habitat use, and breeding phenology of adult female Worm-eating Warblers (Helmitheros vermivorum) on the breeding grounds

ABSTRACT Many birds that breed in mature forest are known to use early successional habitat to some extent during the postfledging period, but the degree of roosting use remains unclear for most species. In fact, for Neotropical migrant passerines, roosting ecology on the breeding grounds is largely undescribed. To determine female Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum) breeding status, clearcut utilization, and roosting habitat during the breeding season, we attached radio transmitters to 19 female Worm-eating Warblers with fully developed brood patches caught in 8 year old clearcuts from 1 to 15 June 2016. Of the 19 radio-tagged females, 11 were found with dependent fledglings by 17 June: 5 individuals were considered to be independent (i.e., foraging and moving through the landscape without fledglings) and 6 (3 with fledglings and 3 without) to be transitory (i.e., located <5 times before the signal was lost). Nest-searching and telemetry data suggest that the postfledging period may have started...
Exfoliative Cytology and Effusions

Exfoliative cytology is often challenging. Correct diagnosis can be significantly enhanced by the use of cellblocks and immunocytochemical assays. This updated chapter offers panels of immunocytochemical assays that are designed to assist in differentiating commonly encountered processes in effusions. For example, adenocarcinomas of the lung or breast can be difficult to distinguish from reactive mesothelial cells or from epithelioid mesotheliomas using morphology alone. Other commonly encountered dilemmas include classifying malignant cells of undetermined primary sites. Undifferentiated tumor cells may also be tricky and panels to initiate classification are provided. Details for producing an adequate cellblock are discussed.
Phytoplankton community response to reservoir aging, 1968–92

The effects of reservoir aging on the phytoplankton community of amidwestern U.S. reservoir constructed in 1965 (Pawnee Reservoir) werestudied by comparing algal biovolume and species composition from April 1992through November 1992 to surveys conducted in 1968–73 and 1990. Meansummer total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, Secchi disk depth, totalsuspended solids, chlorophyll a, and phytoplankton species composition datacharacterized Pawnee Reservoir during 1968–69 as a high nutrient,relatively clear water environment. Phytoplankton biomass was relativelylow, consisting mainly of cyanophytes and non-flagellated chlorophytes.During 1970–73, water clarity was poor, total suspended solids werehigh, and total phosphorus was lower, but was still greater than 100 µgl−1. The 1970–73 phytoplankton biomass was high and wasdominated by cyanophytes. Mean summer total phosphorus remained >100µg l−1, water clarity remained poor, but phytoplanktonbiomass decreased significantly during 1990–92. The dramatic drop inchlorophyll a and low mean volatile suspended solids indicated thatinorganic suspended sediments, rather than phytoplankton, accounted for themajority of the turbidity in 1990-92. In addition to lower phytoplanktonbiomass, community composition shifted away from buoyancy-regulatingcyanophytes toward flagellated chlorophytes. These data suggest that asreservoirs located in agricultural watersheds age, (1) inorganic suspendedsediments have a significant effect on the light environment as well asphytoplankton biomass and species composition, (2) the control ofphytoplankton biomass and species composition shifts away from nutrients tolight and suspended sediments, and (3) there is a 1–2 year lag in theresponse of phytoplankton biomass to maximum nutrient loading during thetrophic upsurge period. Thus, sedimentation has been shown to be a primarydeterminant of plankton and benthic macroinvertebrate community compositionas Pawnee Reservoir aged.
Examining Communicative Behaviors in a 3-Year-Old Boy who is Blind:

The communication patterns of a 3-year-old boy who is blind were observed during 35 videotaped classroom sessions to determine if his echolalic responses varied according to school activity and mes...
Remarks on the complexity of roundoff analysis

The day is coming when information about the propagation of roundoff error in certain types of numerical methods can be determined automatically. This paper investigates the possibility of mechanizing simple Wilkinson-type roundoff analyses. Limitations to the scope of this automation are discussed.
Neuroendocrine Cells and Neoplasms of the Lung

The epithelial cells and presumably endocrine cells of the bronchopulmonary tract are derived from the primitive esophagus. The endocrine cells of the bronchopulomanary tract therefore are of endodermal origin (34). Although earlier proposals favored a neural crest origin (29), experimental evidence failed to support this hypothesis (2,11,22). Pearse and Takor have proposed that the neuroendocrine cells of the bronchopulmonary tract could be derived from neuroendocrine programmed ectoblasts (30) but experimental proof to support this hypothesis has not been presented.
Empathy Training for Helping Professionals: Model and Evaluation

This article presents a cognitive oriented training program for enhancing empathy and in-depth understanding of clients among helping professionals. The Empathy Training Program (ETP) was compared with an emotionally oriented training program in an experimental study involving 51 social work students working with clients in their practicum sites. Findings show that although no statistically significant differences in empathy scores at post-test were indicated between the research and comparison groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in the research group’s mean empathy scores. The qualitative data further suggest that the ETP enhances students’ in-depth assessment and understanding of clients, expands their response repertory, and enhances their independence.
Party Systems and Democratic Divergence in Contemporary Latin America

The study of democracy in Latin America’s third wave is necessarily a study in contrasts, given the forking paths of democratic development in the region. Explanations of these forking paths are naturally drawn to an analysis of the diverse ways in which political parties and social movements have constructed alternative democratic orders. Party systems that were programmatically aligned from left to right by democratic transitions and market liberalization have been more stable than those that were de-aligned by the dual transitions of the 1980s and 1990s. They also moderated social mobilization by channeling dissent from market orthodoxy into institutionalized outlets of partisan representation and electoral competition. In the process, programmatically-aligned partisan competition contributed to the construction of democracy as a form of institutionalized pluralism, rather than a plebiscitary expression of popular sovereignty. The latter was more likely to emerge where de-aligned party systems failed to provide institutional outlets for societal opposition to the neoliberal model, thus channeling dissent toward anti-systemic forms of social and electoral protest. Where this occured, new popular majorities could be mobilized that not only swept away traditional party systems, but also transformed or refounded democratic institutions by plebiscitary means.
The Role of Family Cultural Practices in the College Readiness Journey of Mexican American High School AVID Seniors

Going to college is an expectation for many students, but this is not always the norm for many minority families. The decision to leave the comfort of home for college includes many family discussi...
Racial Rent Differences in U.S. Housing Markets

This paper exploits an unusually rich data set to estimate racial differences in the rents paid for identical housing in the same neighborhood in U.S. housing markets and how they vary with neighborhood racial composition. It overcomes the shortcomings of the data used in previous studies. It is large (over 400,000 observations), covers all parts of the country, and contains detailed information about the housing units and their immediate neighborhoods and the census block group of each unit. Importantly, due to the sample size, there are many blacks living in predominantly white neighborhoods and many whites in predominantly black neighborhoods. Results suggest that households led by blacks pay more for identical housing in identical neighborhoods than their white counterparts and that this rent gap increases with the fraction of the neighborhood white. In neighborhoods with the smallest fraction white, the premium is about 0.6 percent. In neighborhoods with the largest fraction white, it is about 2.4 percent. This pattern holds across different types of areas, namely the 50 largest metro areas, all other metro areas, non-metro areas, and areas with the highest and lowest levels of racial segregation in housing.
Assessment of computer adaptive testing version of the Neuro-QOL for people with multiple sclerosis.

Background:To date, the computerized adaptive testing (CAT) version of the Neuro-quality of life (QOL) has not been assessed in a large sample of people with multiple sclerosis (MS).Objective:The a...
The interplay of structure and dynamics at grain boundaries

Molecular simulations are carried out to address the structure and atomic diffusion at grain boundaries. We use an inherent structure approach, which maps each configuration in a molecular dynamics trajectory to the potential energy minimum ("inherent structure") it would reach by a steepest descent quench. Dynamics are then decomposed into a combination of displacements within an inherent structure and transitions between inherent structures. The inherent structure approach reveals a simple structural picture of the grain boundary that is normally obscured by the thermal motion. We apply our methodology to polycrystalline MgO. Grain boundary atoms are identified as atoms that are undercoordinated in the inherent structure, relative to those in the perfect crystal. Our method enables the calculation of grain boundary diffusion coefficients without arbitrary assumptions about which atoms or spatial regions belong to the grain boundary, and the results are shown to be consistent with estimates from experiments. The inherent structure approach also enables the elementary steps in the diffusion process to be elucidated. We show that the process in MgO grain boundaries primarily involves vacancy hops, but that there is also significant motion of other nearby atoms during such a hop.
Profiling Occupancy Patterns to Calibrate Urban Building Energy Models (UBEMs) Using Measured Data Clustering

Uncertainty in predicting occupancy patterns leads to discrepancies in simulated building energy when compared to measured data. Typical simulation models represent occupants through identical sche...
Proceedings of the 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems

These proceedings contain the papers selected for publication and presentation at the 18th ACMSIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS) in San Jose, California, USA, from November 2nd to 5th, 2010. ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2010 brings together researchers, developers, users, and practitioners carrying out research and development in novel systems based on geo-spatial data and knowledge. The conference fosters interdisciplinary discussions and research in all aspects of Geographic Information Systems and Science (GIS) and provides a forum for original research contributions covering all conceptual, design, and implementation aspects of GIS and ranging from applications, user interface considerations, and visualization down to storage management and indexing issues. This is the third time that the conference is being held under the auspices of the ACM Special Interest Group on Spatial Information (SIGSPATIAL). This year, we had four conference tracks, namely, regular research papers, industry papers, demonstration track, and a Ph.D. showcase track. The call for papers led to 209 paper submissions over all four tracks. The research paper track attracted 172 research paper submissions, of which 36 were accepted as full papers and another 33 papers were accepted as poster papers. The industry track attracted 6 submissions, of which 4 were accepted as full papers. The Ph.D. Showcase track received 12 submissions, of which 5 were accepted, while the demonstrations track received 19 demonstration paper submissions, of which 12 were accepted. All submissions were reviewed by a program committee of 120 members. Each paper was reviewed by at least 3 reviewers, and in most cases 4. This resulted in 793 reviews over all paper tracks. These numbers indicate the continued health, interest, and growth of the research field of geographic information systems, and the need to bring its researchers, students, and industrial practitioners together.