cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation after surgical correction of mitral regurgitation in sinus rhythm: incidence, outcome, and determinants.

Background— The incidence, determinants, and outcome of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after surgery for mitral regurgitation (MR) are poorly defined but may have important implications for timing of mitral valve surgery. Methods and Results— In 762 patients in sinus rhythm with no AF history undergoing MR surgical correction, we examined the rates and prognostic implications of postoperative AF for early AF (within 2 weeks postoperatively) and late AF (>2 weeks after surgery). During postoperative follow-up, 180 patients (24%) experienced new AF (early AF in 136 and late AF in 111). Isolated early AF without recurrence was observed in 69 patients characterized by high angina class and lower left ventricular ejection fraction but no significant left atrial (LA) enlargement. However, overall early AF predicted late AF: 62±5% of patients with early AF had late AF at 10 years compared with 9±1% of patients without early AF (P<0.0001). Large LA size strongly and independently predicted early AF (P=0.0...
Do Disappearance Patterns in Low Illumination constitute a Perceptual Phenomenon or a Response Artefact

IF a dimly illuminated target is steadily fixated in a darkened room, all or parts of the target may seem to disappear and then reappear. There have been several reports that such disappearances are “structured” or “meaningful”1–3. For example, whole lines presumably tend to disappear and reappear as units. Such “structured” disappearances have also been reported in stabilized retinal image and after-image conditions4. Hebb interpreted the seeming ubiquity of whole line disappearances as support for the idea that the whole line is a basic perceptual “unit” in complex visual percepts.
Chance-Constrained Programming Models and Approximations for General Stochastic Bottleneck Spanning Tree Problems

We consider a balance-constrained stochastic bottleneck spanning tree problem BCSBSTP where edge weights are independently distributed but may follow arbitrary continuous distributions. The goal is to minimize a threshold variable that may be exceeded by the maximum edge weight at certain risk, subject to the minimum edge weight being no less than a fixed threshold with a probability guarantee. We characterize these two requirements as chance constraints, which are typically used for bounding the risk of undesirable random outcomes. Given independently distributed edge weights, we reformulate BCSBSTP as a mixed-integer nonlinear program, approximated by two mixed-integer linear programs based on special ordered set of type one SOS1 and special ordered set of type two SOS2 variables. By relaxing the probabilistic guarantee on the minimum edge weight in BCSBSTP, we also consider a stochastic bottleneck spanning tree problem SBSTP, of which optimal tree solutions are approximated via a bisection algorithm in pseudopolynomial time. We demonstrate computational results of our models and algorithms by testing randomly generated instances with edge weights following a diverse set of independent distributions.
Equivalent initial flaw size testing and analysis of transport aircraft skin splices

The equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) concept was developed nearly 30 years ago in an attempt to account for the initial quality, both manufacturing and material properties, of a structural detail prone to fatigue cracking. Widespread use of this concept has been limited due to the large amount of test data required to develop a reliable EIFS distribution. In this effort, an EIFS distribution was determined for four types of flat, production like transport aircraft fuselage skin joints loaded by remote tension. Two crack growth prediction codes, AFGROW and FASTRAN, were used to not only develop the EIFS but also to compare the crack growth algorithms in each code. The EIFS calculations are prone to compounding errors in the crack growth analysis due to the changing stress intensity factor solutions and stress fields as the crack gets longer. Thus, only including EIFS calculations for mechanically small cracks, crack lengths less than 1.27 mm, results in a mean EIFS of 18.0 μm with a standard deviation of 3.78 μm.
Prototypes and dimensions of masculinity and femininity

Researchers have criticized existing measures of masculinity and femininity, largely on the basis of their unidimensional nature. The purpose of the present research was twofold: first, to determine the features most central to the categories of masculinity and femininity (prototypes), and second, to identify the dimensions of masculinity and femininity. Instead of relying upon a priori notions of the features that constitute masculinity and femininity, lay conceptions of masculinity and femininity were obtained from college students and their parents. Approximately half of the subjects who participated in this research were Caucasian. To distinguish gender role from gender, subjects were asked to describe one of six stimulus persons: masculine male, masculine female, masculine person, feminine male, feminine female, feminine person. Contrary to previous claims, subjects were able to articulate their conceptions of masculinity and femininity, physical features did not dominate their descriptions, and a number of personality traits named did correspond to conventional inventories. These features were rated by a second group of subjects in terms of how well they described the same set of six stimulus persons. Factor analyses revealed what could be described as lay conceptions of the dimensions of masculinity and femininity. The utility of these dimensions for future research is discussed.
Associative relatedness vs synonymity in the false-recognition effect

The false-recognition effect was demonstrated for test words that were associatively related to prior stimulus words. The extent of the effect was seemingly independent of the presence/absence of a semantic relationship between test and stimulus words. In addition, the extent of the effect covaried positively with the degree of associative relatedness between experimental test words and prior stimulus words when false recognition was measured by a relative score derived from confidence ratings. The results favored the implicit associative response hypothesis.
Passive hyperspectral terahertz imagery for security screening using a cryogenic microbolometer

We present passive indoor imagery of human subjects in the 100 - 1000 GHz band. In order to obtain adequate sensitivity, a cryogenically cooled (4 K), broadband antenna-coupled, superconducting microbolometer with optical noise equivalent power NEP < 2 pW/rtHz was used as the sensor. Mechanical scanning of the collecting aperture, a 30 cm diameter spherical mirror, was used to slowly accumulate the images. While not yet practical for deployable real-time cameras, this system provides valuable phenomenological comparisons with similar imagery obtained with actively illuminated systems.
Arrestin function in inactivation of G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin in vivo

Arrestins have been implicated in the regulation of many G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Mutations in two Drosophila photoreceptor-specific arrestin genes, arrestin 1 and arrestin 2, were generated. Analysis of the light response in these mutants shows that the Arr1 and Arr2 proteins are mediators of rhodopsin inactivation and are essential for the termination of the phototransduction cascade in vivo. The saturation of arrestin function by an excess of activated rhodopsin is responsible for a continuously activated state of the photoreceptors known as the prolonged depolarized afterpotential. In the absence of arrestins, photoreceptors undergo light-dependent retinal degeneration as a result of the continued activity of the phototransduction cascade. These results demonstrate the fundamental requirement for members of the arrestin protein family in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors and signaling cascades in vivo.
Attributions, Stress, and Work-Related Low Back Pain

Occupational low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of morbidity and cost. Efforts to control LBP are largely unsuccessful, and better understanding of risks is needed, especially psychological factors. The purpose of this research was to assess the association between worker attributions and LBP. Attributing LBP to internal causes may increase the worker's perceived control, whereas external attribution may cause distress. A new model was developed to explore these associations. A cross-sectional design was used in this study of 278 garment workers. Data were gathered by a self-administered questionnaire and through direct observation. Responses to questions on worker attributions of LBP cause and knowledge of back safety were subjected to factor analysis and other psychometric evaluation to develop scales. Six hypotheses were tested using multivariate logistic regression. Workers who scored high in internal attribution were more likely to be knowledgeable of back safety (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.0-6.7). Worke...
Inhibition of Platelet Function with 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid

Summary. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB) inhibits the second wave of platelet aggregation, release of serotonin, and malonaldehyde production. The effect is concentration dependent and reversible in vitro and in vivo. 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation induced in vitro with 70 μM adrenaline was obtained with 1.5 mM 2,3-DHB. Malonaldehyde production was inhibited by 50% with 0.4 mM 2,3-DHB. Serotonin release was 50% inhibited by 50% with 0.08 mM 2,3-DHB. Neither desferrioxamine nor various benzoic acid derivatives with iron-chelating properties showed the effect. Only benzoic acid derivatives with the potential to terminate free radical reactions through the formation of an ortho- or paraquinone structure inhibit the second wave of platelet aggregation. These studies support the concept that the second wave of platelet aggregation is mediated through free radical reactions.
Bulk and surface characterization of supported AgAu alloy catalysts

Abstract Supported silver-gold catalysts were prepared by impregnation of low surface area α-alumina with mixed silver cyanide and gold cyanide solutions. Alloying was achieved by calcination at 250°C for a period of 24 hours. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that complete alloying was achieved, while EXAFS analysis shows that the fcc structure of alloy crystallites was preserved, even at higher shells. Significant differences in EXAFS spectra of Ag in the AgAu alloy as compared to Ag in a silver foil were observed. Surface composition of alloy particles was determined as a function of bulk composition by high resolution ESCA analysis, and combination of SEM and selective O 2 chemisorption. Surfaces were found to be significantly enriched in silver.
Amplification of DNA sequences in human multidrug-resistant KB carcinoma cells.

Abstract Four KB carcinoma cell lines selected independently for resistance to either colchicine, adriamycin, or vinblastine were studied. All cell lines showed high levels of resistance to the selecting drug and cross-resistance to the other drugs and to actinomycin D. Double-minute chromosomes could be identified on chromosomal spreads of these multidrug-resistant KB cell lines. Amplification of specific DNA sequences was demonstrated by using the technique of in-gel renaturation. All the cell lines share common amplified sequences. There are also amplified sequences that are specific for each cell line. A revertant cell line that has reacquired drug sensitivity has lost its amplified sequences. Specific probes obtained by cloning amplified sequences from the cell line selected in vinblastine recognize amplified sequences in all the resistant lines. The presence of common amplified sequences in these cell lines is strong evidence for the importance of these regions in multiple drug resistance.
STRIPE PHASE HYDRODYNAMICS IN LIPID MONOLAYERS

The time-dependent serpentine distortions of the stripe phase of lipid monolayers at the air−water interface are studied by accounting for the effects of line tension and electrostatic forces within the monolayer, as well as viscous forces within both the monolayer and the subphase. It is shown that distortions that have wavelengths of the same order as the stripe widths are expected to grow or decay rapidly, depending on the relation between the stripe width and the equilibrium width. Serpentine distortions with wavelengths much larger than the stripe widths grow or decay much more slowly. Experimental data of Seul and Chen (Phys. Rev. Lett. 1993, 70, 1658−1661) on stripe phases are discussed in terms of these calculations, with the conclusion that the stripes in these phases have equilibrium widths, and that these stripe phases are stable with respect to static serpentine distortions.
PET in the Assessment of Pediatric Brain Development and Developmental Disorders

This article discusses and reviews the role and contribution of PET in understanding the structural and functional changes that occur during brain development, and how these changes relate to behavioral and cognitive development in the infant and child. Data regarding various aspects of brain development, such as glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, and maturation and development of neurotransmitter systems will help in understanding the pathogenesis and neurologic basis of various developmental and neurologic disorders. This may help in following disease evolution and progression, planning and development of various therapeutic interventions, timing these interventions and monitoring their responses, and rendering long-term prognostication.
A numerical analysis of three-dimensional vortex trapping

Abstract A three-dimensional numerical examination of vortex trapping on the upper surface of a swept wing is presented. A baseline wing is utilized with the NACA 0012 airfoil section, no twist, and a taper ratio of one. Trapping is performed on this wing swept to 60°. Vortex trapping is accomplished by the addition of two fences placed parallel to each other and to the leading edge. The incompressible Navier–Stokes flow solver, INS3D, is used to model the flowfield around the wing geometry. The aerodynamic forces and moments obtained from computations are then compared to experimental results for a similar wing. Experimental and computational results show similar trends for lift, drag, and pitching-moment. The results show a high drag penalty for moderate increases in lift and pitching moment over the baseline values. Qualitative analyses of the numerical results show pressure gradients throughout the flowfield to be the drivers of the trapped vortex, as well as of the drag increases and downstream momentum losses. Recommendations are given on ways to decrease the pressure gradient influences and to increase the effectiveness of vortex trapping on swept-wing planforms.
Effects of chlordane isomers administered to female mice during the neonatal period.

In consideration of the influence that chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides may exert on mammalian physiology, the present study was performed to investigate the effects of neonatal chlordane administration on body growth and endocrine development in female mice. Mice receiving 0.075 or 0.15 mg of alpha or gamma chlordane on day 2, 3, and 4 of life were observed to have growth rates depressed to varying extents depending on the concentration or the type of isomer that was utilized. Eye and vaginal opening in the neonatally treated mice were observed to be delayed to varying degrees, which were dependent on which isomer was used. The total effects observed in the neonatally treated mice were not found to reflect a dose‐related response.
Synthesis of (1, 2‐13C2) 2‐phosphoglycolic acid

The synthesis of (1,2- 13C2) 2-phosphoglycelic acid, 5, from commercially-available (1,2- 13C2) bromoacetic acid is described along with some of its solution NMR characteristics.
Pulmonary vascular response to graded hydrostatic edema in the perfused lung

Abstract Hydrostatic pulmonary edema was induced in isogravimetrically perfused dog lungs by venoconstriction. Determination of pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressures at zero flow showed a linear relationship with increases proportional to weight gain until a pressure of 26 mm. Hg at 40 gm. edema was reached when overt pulmonary edema was observed. Decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance were noted also until a level of 40 gm. edema when the precapillary segment increased in resistance. A gradual decline in venous PO2 occurred only after 30–40 gm. edema had been added. These findings are compared with the effects of endotoxin on the perfused lung and suggest that the negative interstitial space pressure provides a protective reservoir during formation of pulmonary edema. It is therefore not possible to infer capillary permeability changes on the basis of measured capillary hydrostatic pressure alone in the lung.
Identification of intracellular pathways through which TGF-β1 upregulates PAI-1 expression in endothelial cells

Upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) expression is a critical mechanism through which transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) accelerates intimal growth. The aim of this study was to identify signaling pathways through which TGF-beta1 upregulates PAI-1 expression in endothelial cells (EC) and test interventions for blocking these pathways. We transduced cultured bovine EC with an adenoviral vector containing the PAI-1 promoter fused to a beta-galactosidase reporter gene. We used these cells, along with vectors expressing potential modifiers of TGF-beta1 signaling and pharmacologic antagonists of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways to identify key mediators of basal and TGF-beta1-regulated PAI-1 expression. Basal activity of the PAI-1 promoter was directly correlated with Ras activation and was blocked by a dominant negative (DN) type I TGF-beta receptor. TGF-beta1-stimulated activity of the PAI-1 promoter did not require Ras activation, and was lessened or eliminated by expression of either DN type I or type II TGF-beta receptors and by inhibition of either of two MAPKs: MEK and p38. Our results suggest unanticipated pathways of TGF-beta1 signaling in EC and point to new strategies to limit TGF-beta1-induced vascular disease.
Upper stratosphere polar jet instability in the Southern Hemisphere

A Fourier analysis of temperature measurements obtained during the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere experiment between April and May 1979 has been performed in order to study synoptic-scale zonal eddies confined to polar latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) upper stratosphere. Evidence is provided for pronounced latitudinal variations in the upper stratosphere zonal wind distribution. The results indicate that the synoptic-scale modes may arise from a latitudial wind shear instability of the SH polar jet stream.
Sex and Ethnic Differences in Relationships of Test Anxiety to Performance in Science Examinations by Fourth and Eighth Grade Students: Implications for Valid Interpretations of Achievement Test Scores.

Test anxiety scores from a 15-item internally consistent instrument (r,, = .73) were correlated with performances on an aggregate science test made up of items administered over an entire school ye...
Role of mitochondria in calcification. Mitochondrial activity distribution in the epiphyseal plate and accumulation of calcium and phosphate ions by chondrocyte mitochondria

Abstract Histologically homogeneous sections corresponding to resting, columnar and hypertrophic zones of the epiphyseal plate of calf scapula were homogenized and assayed for mitochondrial, lysosomal and others important to calcification activities. These activities were found to be significantly higher in the columnar and hypertrophic zones as compared with those in the resting zone. Mitochondria obtained from the hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal plate of calf scapula or calf costal chondral junction were resolved into a “light” and a “heavy” population by isopycnic centrifugation presumably due to difference in the content of granule forming calcium phosphate. Finally mitochondria from resting cartilage can give rise only to a “light” mitochondrial population, unless they are allowed to accumulate calcium and phosphate ions from the medium during respiration where a “light” and a “heavy” population results upon centrifugation.
Prediction of arrival profiles and queue lengths along signalized arterials by using a Markov decision process

An analytical methodology for prediction of the platoon arrival profiles and queue length along signalized arterials is proposed. Traffic between successive traffic signals is modeled as a two-step Markov decision process (MDP). Traffic dynamics are modeled with the use of the kinematic wave theory. The MDP formulation allows prediction of the arrival profiles several signals downstream from a known starting flow. This modeling approach can be used to estimate queue lengths and predict travel times, even in cases in which data from loop detectors are unknown, inaccurate, or aggregated. The proposed model was applied to two real-world test sites. The queues estimated with the model are in close agreement with the results from microscopic simulation.
Three-dimensional electromagnetic fields in lapped stator cores

Three-dimensional electromagnetic fields near the end of a lapped stator core have been investigated in the simplest model which still takes adequate account of both the laminar structure and the effect of gaps between individual laminations in the same layer. An iterative method was used to solve the equations for about forty thousand complex degrees of freedom and a two-way Fourier analysis was incorporated to make the computation more efficient. The results, when compared with those from a homogeneous representation of the core, showed deeper flux penetration, especially near the gaps between laminations.
Effects of Rat Alpha‐2 Macroglobulin on Growth in vitro

The patterns of cellular development of primary explants from four tissues from 18-day rat embryos and of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma have been examined in the presence of rat alpha-1 macroglobulin (A1MG), alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2MG), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and of antisera to the foregoing. The following principal results were obtained: 1. A2MG suppresses the formation of cellular carpets around Walker 256 explants whereas, in all other media tested, the neoplastic tissue showed more frequent cellular carpet formation than the embryonic tissues. 2. A1MG increases the frequency of carpet formation by embryonic tissues relative to the other proteins or to control in plain Medium 199. 3. In each of the tested media, embryonic tissues develop peripheral fibroblasts more often than do neoplastic tissues. 4. In cultures of embryo limb explants, and to a lesser degree with other embryonic tissues, A1MG increased and anti-A1MG decreased the extent to which fibroblasts organize into strands and cords. It is suggested that the suppression of cellular carpet formation by A2MG around Walker 256 explants, but not around embryonic tissue explants, may be related to the peculiar pattern of appearance of this protein in rat sera.
Role of the crosstalk between CTLA-4 and NKG2D in the development of anti-CTLA-4 treatment strategies.

Results of immunotherapy trials targeting co inhibitory receptors on T cells show that interfering with suppressive pathways can trigger antitumor activity even at advanced disease stages [1]. Proof has been obtained in Phase III trials that treatment with antibodies blocking CTLA-4 extends survival of metastatic melanoma patients. This has led to approval of this therapeutic strategy as standard of care for melanoma patients [2]. Responses are seen in a small subset (10–15%) of patients, but the long-term control achieved in responders highlights the distinct benefits of successful immunotherapy [3] and makes it especially compelling to identify the determinants of response to anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Our recent results in a mouse breast cancer model provide an example of how anti-CTLA-4 therapy can be complemented by procedures that induce ligands for the NKG2D coreceptor expressed on T cells [4].
Methylmercury and organogenesis in vitro: inhibition of glutamine synthetase induction and alteration of selected cellular enzymes in aggregation of dissociated embryonic chick retinal cells.

The effects of methylmercury on dissociated embryonic chick retinal cell aggregationin vitro were determined. A temporal induction of glutamine synthetase (GS) associated with the retinal cell aggregation and other selected cellular enzymes,e.g., K+-dependent phosphatase (K+DP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), phosphodiesterase (PD) and succinic dehydrogenase (SD) were chosen as biochemical markers to investigate the cytotoxicity of methylmercury on this system. Methylmercury at the 1 to 5ΜM concentration in 48 hr rotational cultures markedly decreased the specific activity of GS in aggregates. Methylmercury at 5 to 10ΜM also inhibited the cell aggregation phenomenon. Specific activities of K+DP, AP, PD, and SD in aggregates decreased at higher concentrations of methylmercury (10 to 100ΜM). The enzyme activity of retinal tissue cultured with methylmercury for 48 hr was not as low as that of similarly treated aggregates. Direct inhibitions of GS and K+DP required 50 to 100ΜM of methylmercury. Alkaline phosphatase, PD and, SD were not significantly inhibited by similar concentrations of methylmercury. It was concluded that lower concentrations of methylmercury may be potent inhibitors of GS induction and the retinal cell histotypic aggregation, which is related to characteristic development of embryonic chick neural retina.
Isozymes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in livers of aging rats

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats had about half the specific activity in animals at 24 months old as it had in animals at 3 months old. The specific activity measured with the substrate analog 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate did not change with age. These observations are explained by a shift in the isozyme proportions of this enzyme to favor forms which can use 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate as a substrate. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to show that the hexamers, which can use 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate, are relatively high in old animals while the tetramers and dimers, essentially unreactive toward 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate, are lower. The heat stability of the isozymes toward mild thermal inactivation was similar at both ages except that the hexamers were slightly activated by heat in extracts of old animals, but not in extracts of young animals.
A crankshaft system model for structural dynamic analysis of internal combustion engines

Abstract A system model for analyzing the dynamic behavior of an internal combustion engine crankshaft is described. The model couples the crankshaft structural dynamics, the main bearing hydrodynamic lubrication and the engine block stiffness using a system approach. A two-level dynamic substructuring technique is used to predict the crankshaft dynamic response based on the finite-element method. The dynamic substructuring uses a set of load-dependent Ritz vectors. The main bearing lubrication analysis is based on the solution of the Reynold's equation. Comparison with experimental results demonstrates the accuracy of the model. Numerical results also show the capabilities and significance of the model in engine crankshaft design.
Inclusion compounds of urea and thiourea with cationic surfactants

Quaternary ammonium compounds, having at least one long aliphatic group, readily formed adducts with urea. These cationics also had structural features that allowed adduct formation with thiourea. IR analysis confirmed that these adducts were of the canal complex type of inclusion compound.
The Pleasantville Effect: Nostalgia and the Visual Framing of (White) Suburbia

Suburban films of the last fifteen years offer audiences spatial visions of nostalgically tinged suburbs, place individuals into the bosom of imperfect but loving and white families, and remake home and away, self and Other, on foundations of security and comfort. Functioning as “ethical” rhetoric, the films create suburban dwelling places that map the particular contours of suburbia. Representing and rejecting “impossible” sexualities and spaces, the films not only mark the boundaries of suburban space but also create the contours of “suburban subjectivities.”
pRIPPLE: a parallel version of a polynomial-time piecewise linear estimation algorithm

The response functions in many engineering problems are piecewise smooth functions of continuous variables. High quality interpolatory approximations to such functions can be constructed without requiring a large number of expensive function evaluations by using linear local approximations. Most robust estimation algorithms have factorial complexity (in the number of data points) as a result of which their performance degrades rapidly in higher dimensions. RIPPLE (residual initiated polynomial-time piecewise linear estimation) was developed to produce robust estimates of data obtained from high dimensional piecewise linear functions in polynomial time. Its performance was found to be comparable to other robust estimation techniques. A parallel version of RIPPLE has been developed in order to take advantage of the additional computational power of parallel systems. This paper presents the parallel version of RIPPLE and results obtained from a piecewise linear test function.
An Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) Plus a Microcalorimeter: A Good Combination for Laboratory Astrophysics

An EBIT can selectively create, in principle, any charge state of every naturally occurring element, has good control on atomic collision processes, and can produce nearly ideal conditions for the analysis of highly ionized plasmas of astrophysical importance. A microcalorimeter enables the broadband detection of x-ray emission with high energy resolution and near-unity quantum efficiency in the energy range wherein many cosmic x-ray sources emit the bulk of their energy (0.2 keV–10 keV). The combination (EBIT+ microcalorimeter) provides a powerful tool for laboratory studies of the atomic/plasma processes underlying the energy release mechanisms in cosmic x-ray sources. We briefly describe some early experiments with a microcalorimeter built by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and deployed on the NIST EBIT. We also present some very recent observations with a more advanced microcalorimeter built by SAO that can obtain an energy resolution of 4.5 eV. The higher spectral quality produced by the new system will be useful in laboratory measurements of interest in x-ray astronomy.
PROPHET: goal-oriented provisioning for highly tunable multicore processors in cloud computing

In this article, we propose PROPHET, a goal-oriented provisioning infrastructure based on execution history profile gathered from the cloud of distributed heterogeneous computing environment. It can autonomously tune the efficiency of a data center or satisfy the end-users' need when running network-based applications. With more tunable features provided by future multicore and many-core processors, we envision that PROPHET can be easily integrated into today's network infrastructure to provide value-added service to many of us.
Shall we dance? A design epistemology for organizational learning and performance

Management experts claim that organizational learning, knowledge management, intellectual capital, and related concepts are more important to today's organizations than traditional assets such as natural resources and skilled labor. Management thus enters domains more typically studied by those in training, education, and human performance technology, and fundamental questions asked by philosophers are now asked by CEOs; for example, What is knowledge? and How do people learn? Cook and Brown (1999) responded with an attractive metaphor. They claimed that a “generative dance” of knowledge and knowing results in new knowledge and new knowing. However, they portrayed this dance as if it happens automatically. In this article, it is argued that human intentions play a major role, and that when intentions are added, the dance is accurately described as designing. Design, then, provides alternative answers to the fundamental questions about knowledge and learning, as well as different competencies for professional practice and different directions for enhancing organizational success. An attempt at such answers, competencies, and directions is made by linking literatures on learning and performance with design and by articulating what is essentially a design epistemology.
Global, local, and stochastic background modeling for target detection in mixed pixels

As hyperspectral sensors and exploitation methods have evolved, the accuracy of conventional background models has become a limiting factor for high confidence and low false alarm detection of mixed pixel targets. Many common target detection algorithms, such as the Adaptive Coherence/Cosine Estimator, implicitly use a global background model that assumes the background can be modeled by a single, multivariate Gaussian random variable with additive independent and identically distributed Gaussian noise. In order to improve the accuracy of the Gaussianity assumptions, a local background model, which models the background as multiple, disjoint Gaussian clusters, has also been widely considered. This paper introduces an improved variant of the local background model, as well as a novel stochastic background model that is free from distributional assumptions and accounts for the spectral variability of the background on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The performance of the global, local, and stochastic background models is evaluated on a controlled data set and the tradeoffs associated with each method are discussed.
Degradation of Lignocellulosic Materials and Its Prevention

Lignocellulose-based materials, such as wood, have long been used for structural applications, but their inherent susceptibility to biological and physical degradation sometimes limits their use and leads to early replacement. Concerns about the contributions about the environmental impacts of all materials have sparked renewed interest in using renewable materials in structural applications. An important aspect of any increased use of these materials will be enhancing their durability. This review examines the inherent susceptibility of lignocellulose-based materials to degradation, using wood as the primary example, and then it outlines the research underway to improve these properties.
Sign reversals of charge on electron-hole drop

Abstract The first self-consisted calculation of surface properties of electron-hole drop (EHD) in Ge is reported. It is predicted that in Ge under uniaxial stress the sign of charge on EHD will undergo two sign reversals; at zero stress the charge on EHD is negative, becomes positive at intermediate stress (⋍ 3 kg mm -2 ), and then reverses to negative at very large stress. Values of surface energy and dipole layer are given.
The First Telecommunications Engineering Program in the United States

In the summer of 1998, the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and computer Science (the Jonsson School) at The University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) obtained approval from the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board to offer BS and MS degrees in Telecommunications Engineering (TE). These are the first TE degree programs in the United States and the BS program received ABET accreditation for classes to begin in the fall of 1999. This paper discusses the need for such a program at UTD from the perspective of industry as well as the academic justification for a separate degree. The implementation of the program as a combination of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science is addressed as well as the tradeoffs necessary in combining these curricula. Many of the issues are similar to the ones addressed in a Computer Engineering program. However, the resulting tradeoffs are different in the case of a Telecommunications Engineering program.
A Method for Using Laboratory Measurements of Electrical and Mechanical Properties to Assist in the Interpretation of Field Data from Shallow Geophysical Measurements

In this study, simulations were done to study the interpretation of synthetic field data generated from laboratory measurements for seismic and electrical properties. Synthetic seismic and electrical properties were used to investigate whether using two independent data sets would improve underground imaging of the shallow subsurface. Laboratory measurements consisted of (1) compressional-wave travel times measured at pressures appropriate for the shallow subsurface and (2) electrical impedance with fluid salinities analogous to groundwater. The key elements of this approach were the availability of laboratory measurements for ultrasonic velocities at low pressures in unconsolidated materials and for electrical impedance in similar samples. An inversion code was developed to reconstruct the soil distribution in the shallow subsurface from compressional-wave velocity (Vp) and conductivity (σ) data. This code minimized the misfit between the observed (simulated field data) Vp, σ pairs of data, and Vp and σ ...
Examining the Relationship Between Trust in Supervisor–Employee Relationships and Workplace Dissent Expression

Organizational dissent can be a valuable, constructive form of communication in organizations and is influenced by a variety of communication factors. This study explores how employees' trust in their supervisors relates to dissent expression. Data collected from 179 full-time employees were analyzed using correlational analysis. Results indicated trust in supervisors was significantly related to employees' use of articulated dissent. Additionally, there was a significant, negative relationship between trust in supervisors and latent and displaced dissent. Limitations and implications are discussed.
The effects of multiplicity and excitation on the behavior of 2-methyl-2-phenylpropylidene; the intramolecular chemistry of 2,2-diphenylpropylidene

Abstract The intramolecular reactions of 2-methyl-2-phenylpropylidene and 2,2-diphenylpropylidene have been determined.
3H-Proline uptake by the cells of developing teeth.

Thirty-seven white rats were killed one-half hour to two months after administration of 3H-proline. Radioautographs were made, and the labeled material was assessed in the cells of the developing tooth at various stages of maturation. From the location of the labeled material, it was possible to compare the metabolic activities of the cells involved in tooth formation as well as the daily rate of dentin apposition.
Estimating domestic US airline cost of delay based on European model

Abstract Researchers are applying more holistic approaches to the feedback control of the air transportation system. Many of these approaches rely on economic feedback, including the cost of delays to the airlines. Establishing an accurate mechanism for estimating the cost of a delays for each portion of a flight (gate costs, taxiing in and out costs, and en-route costs) is useful for many aspects of modeling airline behavior and for better understanding the likely impact of regulations. Cook et al. (2004) developed a rigorous methodology and collected data for estimating the components of airline delay costs for various segments of a scheduled flight. The model, based on confidential information from European airlines for 12 types of aircraft ca. 2003, was not transparent with regards to how each of the major components of cost (crew costs, fuel costs, maintenance, depreciation, etc.) impacted that total. This paper describes the development of an airline cost model, based on the Eurocontrol model. The airline cost model explicitly identifies the components of airline costs, is based on US airline cost data, and includes 111 aircraft types. The new model is designed to allow costs to be updated whenever the basic costs change. It considers the type of the aircraft when making calculations, both from the perspective of fuel burn and other costs and uses publically available data on burn rates and block-hour direct operating costs (BHDOC) to obtain these estimates. A case-study analysis of airline costs of operation at 19 major US airports is provided.
Language processing and forms of immediate echolalia in autistic children.

Several aspects of echolalic speech produced by five autistic children were investigated. We found that the incidence of echolalia was influenced by the type of question addressed to the child and,...
Modelling the effects of neutron radiation on the Gummel-Poon parameters for bipolar NPN transistors

Abstract Silicon NPN transistor types 2N2484, 2N2222, and ECG47 were exposed to 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence levels of 1E+12 to 1E+14 cm −2 . The Gummel-Poon static large-signal model parameters were determined before and after irradiation. The results are used to accurately model irradiated transistors operating at all current levels in the forward active region. An analysis is presented on the change in the Gummel-Poon parameters due to neutron irradiation observed in this work which shows that the Ahlport and Anderson models for the damage factor can be derived from our results and are a consistent subset of our findings.
Genetic Dissection of the Drosophila Cubitus interruptus Signaling Complex

Much of our understanding of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway comes from Drosophila, where a gradient of Hh signaling regulates the function of the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci) at three levels: protein stabilization, nuclear import, and activation. Regulation of Ci occurs in a cytoplasmic complex containing Ci, the kinesin-like protein Costal-2 (Cos2), the serine-threonine kinase Fused (Fu), and the Suppressor of Fused [Su(fu)] protein. The mechanisms by which this complex responds to different levels of Hh signaling and establishes distinct domains of gene expression are not fully understood. By sequentially mutating components from the Ci signaling complex, their roles in each aspect of Ci regulation can be analyzed. The Cos2-Ci core complex is able to mediate Hh-regulated activation of Ci but is insufficient to regulate nuclear import and cleavage. Addition of Su(fu) to the core complex blocks nuclear import while the addition of Fu restores Hh regulation of Ci nuclear import and proteolytic cleavage. Fu participates in two partially redundant pathways to regulate Ci nuclear import; the kinase function plays a positive role by inhibiting Su(fu), and the regulatory domain plays a negative role in conjunction with Cos2.
Electrocardiographic manifestions of proximal left anterior descending artery occlusion

We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who presents with a 2-week history of episodes of pressure like chest pain. The initial electrocardiogram was not indicative of myocardial ischemia or infarction and the cardiac enzymes remained normal during the initial hospital day. However, the precordial T waves inverted and progressively deepened on the second hospital day and the patient underwent cardiac catheterization with percutaneous coronary angioplasty and stent placement of the left anterior descending coronary artery with good results. The postprocedure electrocardiogram showed complete resolution of the inverted precordial T waves. The development of new T-wave inversions in the precordial leads of patients presenting with unstable angina is predictive of significant stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. This subgroup of patients has a poor prognosis if medical therapy alone is instituted. Early cardiac catheterization and revascularization is recommended for these patients. Evidence has shown that 75% patients with these electrocardiogram changes who are not revascularized developed extensive anterior wall infarction within a few weeks.
Remote sensing of soil moisture by a 21‐cm passive radiometer

Microwave sensors on Skylab collected data as part of the Earth Resources Experiment Package. An investigation was designed to obtain field observations of soil moisture content for comparison with data from Skylab. The 21-cm radiometer has been shown to be highly responsive to the moisture content of the upper 2.5-cm layer of soil. A composite relationship between the radiometric temperature and soil moisture content has been determined from five data sets obtained over Kansas and Texas. This relationship, having a correlation index of -0.96, has been used as a basis for calculating the soil moisture content of large areas across the United States.
THE PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF RAT BRAIN GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE

—A method is described for the preparation of glutamate dehydrogenase in a highly purified form from rat brain. Only one protein band was detected when the enzyme was subjected to electrophoresis on SDS polyacrylamide gels. The rat brain enzyme was essentially identical to the rat liver enzyme with respect to electrophoresis on SDS polyacrylamide gels, immunochemical properties and most kinetic parameters. However, the brain enzyme was much less reactive with glutamate, was more sensitive to inhibition by haloperidol, and was considerably more stable than the liver enzyme.
Value of Information in Portfolio Decision Analysis

It can be time consuming to use decision analysis to allocate resources over a portfolio of projects. It may be possible to attain most of the value added by decision analysis in significantly less time. This paper defines and compares different analytic strategies in terms of the resulting value added for a range of simulated portfolios. A portfolio consists of a set of candidate projects or investments of uncertain value. The value of each project may be estimated with or without the additional information provided by decision-analytic methods. Projects are then completely prioritized and funded in order of the ratio of their expected net present value to their cost, or partially prioritized and funded whenever this ratio exceeds a predefined threshold level. The portfolio funded under the various analytic strategies is compared against a strawman alternative of random funding decisions. The value added through disciplined prioritization often exceeds the additional value added through the more costly step of developing refined estimates of project values. Intermediate approaches, including threshold approaches and the application of triage rules to determine which projects to analyze, are found to be useful but not robust.
Proof of a conjectured q,t-Schröder identity

A conjecture of Chunwei Song on a limiting case of the q,t-Schroder theorem is proved combinatorially. The proof matches pairs of tableaux to Catalan words in a manner that preserves differences in the maj statistic.