cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Existential meaning through illness : The case of patients with breast cancer

Abstract This study probed the effects of both level of existential meaning and coping processes on quality of life for patients with breast cancer. Results of bivariate correlation analyses with a sample of 248 women one to five years after diagnosis showed that a high level of meaning was strongly correlated with a high quality of life (r= .448, p <.01). A negative relationship between coping processes and quality of life signaled an association between higher frequency of coping and decreased quality of life (r= -.331, p <.01). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that existential meaning and coping each contributed significantly to the variance in quality of life. In contrast to theories of coping, existential meaning and coping were unrelated constructs in the present study.
High and Low Fluences of α-Particles Induce a G1 Checkpoint in Human Diploid Fibroblasts

The effects of exposure to high and very low fluence alpha-particles on the G1 checkpoint were investigated in human diploid fibroblasts irradiated and released from density-inhibited confluent cultures by the use of the cumulative labeling index method. Transient and permanent arrests in G1 occurred in fibroblast populations exposed to mean doses as low as 1 cGy, suggesting that nontraversed bystander cells may contribute to the low dose response. In cells exposed to high fluences, the G1 checkpoint is at least as extensive as in gamma-irradiated cells. In contrast to gamma-irradiated cells, neither repair of potentially lethal damage nor a reduction in the fraction of cells transiently or permanently arrested in G1 were observed in cells held in confluence for 6 h after alpha-particle irradiation. Studies with isogenic wild-type, p53-/-, and p21Waf1-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts exposed to either gamma or alpha-particle radiation revealed a total lack of G1 arrest in either p53-/- or p21waf1-/- cells, indicating that the G1 checkpoint in wild-type cells is p53-dependent and that p21Wf1 fully mediates the role of p53 in its induction. In contrast to human cells, mouse embryo fibroblasts do not undergo a permanent G1 arrest. Except under conditions favoring potentially lethal damage repair, a comparable expression pattern of p53, p21Waf1, and other cell cycle-regulated proteins (pRb, p34cdc2, and cyclin B1) was observed in alpha-particle or gamma-irradiated human fibroblasts.
Transitioning Economies: A Calculus of Competitiveness

This paper analyzes the existing IMD and WEF studies and rankings of national competitiveness and reviews their applicability to a sample (15) of transitioning economies, as defined as developing economies undergoing significant structural and economic transformation. Relevant national competitiveness indicators/variables are identified and a revised weighting system, adapted from the IMD and WEF reports, is used to construct national rankings for the fifteen countries examined. The results indicate significant changes in their relative rankings from these previous studies, except at the extremes of most and least competitive economies, and provide important and useful information to decision makers in the private and public sector.
Unsuspected Exposure to Beryllium: Potential Implications for Sarcoidosis Diagnoses

Exposure to Beryllium (Be) can cause sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD) in some individuals. Even relatively low exposures may be sufficient to generate an asymptomatic, or in some cases a symptomatic, immune response. Since the clinical presentation of CBD is similar to that of sarcoidosis, it is helpful to have information on exposure to beryllium in order to reduce misdiagnosis. The purpose of this pilot study is to explore the occurrence of Be surface deposits at worksites with little or no previous reported use of commercially available Be products. The workplaces chosen for this study represent a convenience sample of businesses in eastern Iowa. One hundred thirty-six surface dust samples were collected from 27 businesses for analysis of Be. The results were then divided into categories by the amount of detected Be according to U.S. Department of Energy guidelines as described in 10 CFR 850.30 and 10 CFR 850.31. Overall, at least one of the samples at 78% of the work sites tested contained deposited Be above the analytical limit of quantitation (0.035 µg beryllium per sample). Beryllium was detected in 46% of the samples collected. Twelve percent of the samples exceeded 0.2 µg/100 cm² and 4% of the samples exceeded a Be concentration of 3 µg/100 cm². The findings from this study suggest that there may be a wider range and greater number of work environments that have the potential for Be exposure than has been documented previously. These findings could have implications for the accurate diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
The 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7)

[1] The 10.7 cm solar radio flux, or F10.7 is, along with sunspot number, one of the most widely used indices of solar activity. This paper describes the equipment and procedures used to make the measurements and to calibrate them, and discusses some of the “most-asked” questions about the data.
Climatically forced vegetation dynamics in eastern North America during the late Quaternary Period

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the vegetation dynamics at regional to continental scales and across millennia, scales at which vegetation change is primarily forced by centennial to the orbital scales of climate change. The emerging view from independently inferred paleoclimate estimates and patterns allows new assessment of climate-induced vegetation dynamics. Forcing factors at both orbital and millennial scales cause climate to change, which in turn affects the pattern of major vegetation changes across the continent and at individual sites. The data show that the vegetation changes when climate changes, both at continental scales and at individual sites. The rates of migration, abundance change, and assemblage change all varies at the recorded rate of climate change. The multivariate nature of climate change combined with multivariate response surfaces, which are unique for each plant taxon, allow for widely varying responses among taxa to similar changes in climate. Individualistic plant behavior scales up to cause the emergence and disappearance of plant assemblages, of combinations of plant functional types, and hence, of biomes.
Intellectual property for the neurocentric age: towards a neuropolitics of IP

S | 51 Intellectual Property for the Neurocentric Age: Towards a Neuropolitics of IP Debora Halbert Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Hawaii Law at Manoa Honolulu, HI Co-author: Jake Dunagan Advances in the brain sciences are calling into question many of the foundational assumptions upon which intellectual property law has been built, and how it is practiced. These include notions of tangibility, likelihood of confusion, individual authorship, and even the act of creation itself. At the same time, IP law exerts a strong influence on how people access, develop, and share expressions and inventions of the mind. The field of brain science suggests a fundamentally different type of interaction exists between the individual, culture and power. Taken together, emerging insights from the brain sciences and the shifting dynamics of IP law point to a need for a new analytical framework a neuropolitics of IP law. In this paper we sketch out the concept of neuropolitics as it relates to creativity and innovation. A neuropolitics of IP law allows us to think about the context in which we structure intellectual property laws and how we ought to begin to think about structuring intellectual property laws. If law can evolve to better reflect the underlying human condition, then bringing brain science research into conversation with intellectual property scholars is an important step towards an intellectual property law appropriate for the neurocentric age. Email: halbert@hawaii.edu
Una redefinición de la migración forzosa con base en los derechos humanos

Do sending and receiving states have an obligation to address the fundamental causes of unauthorized migration? Inherent in the concept of forced migration is an obliga- tion on sending and receiving states to assist people displaced by factors beyond their control. An expanded definition of forced migration would allow the inclusion of economic migrants, supplying the moral and legal justification for international cooperation on the reduction of the need to migrate. An assessment of the causes of economic migration as human rights violations could serve as the basis for the new definition. Mexico-U.S. mi- gration, one of the largest binational streams of migration in the world, serves as the case study.
Constructing SLA differently: the value of ELF and language ideology in an ASEAN case study

This paper examines how a designer immigrant student from Indonesia, a recipient of an ASEAN scholarship, used English as a lingua franca (ELF) with her Singaporean teacher and classmates. I illustrate how the constructs of ELF and language ideologies can bridge a conceptual gap in second language acquisition (SLA) – one which perceives any deviation from English as a native language norm in terms of error and fossilization. By drawing on classroom interaction and interview data from a year-long ethnographic study, I present an expanded view of SLA in order to better understand language acquisition dynamics in a contemporary globalized world.
Achondrite investigations and their bearing on the origin of tektites

Abstract A common origin for chondrites achondrites, and tektites seems reasonable. A lunar impactite origin for tektites seems doubtful because their content of cosmic-ray-induced 26 Al and 10 Be indicates much longer times of travel as small bodies in space than is possible in passing from the moon to the earth. A planet with a chondritic centre, an achondritic subcrust, and a tektitic crust is suggested as a possible place of origin. At the time of its disruption, the outer portions of the planet must have been hot enough so that the tektitic crust was molten and the achondritic sublayer was semi-molten. Achondrite compositions are examined from this viewpoint. With increasing SiO 2 the composition of the achondrite series varies as follows: FeO, CaO and Al 2 O 3 undergo fractionations of 20 : 1, 6 : 1 and 7:1, respectively, while MgO is enriched by a factor of 8. This variation could not have been produced by crystal fractionation in a basic magma, but might have been produced by partition of chemical components between the achondrite and tektite layers due to a condition of liquid immiscibility in such a basic magma. This variation could also have been produced by crystal fractionation in an extremely acidic magma but the acidic magma itself would have had to have been produced by a segregation due to liquid immiscibility. Both methods of accounting for the observed compositional variations among achondrites would result in the formation of a siliceous phase similar in composition to tektites.
Nonlinear Grounded Metasurfaces for Suppression of High-Power Pulsed RF Currents

High-power radio frequency transmitters can cause interference or damage to sensitive receivers and other electronic equipment. These signals may be coupled into circuitry through currents in the surfaces of metal enclosures, and even a small gap in conductive shielding can represent a vulnerable point of entry. This problem can be mitigated by using a lossy coating or a reactive surface to suppress surface currents. However, this may reduce the performance of other antenna systems or disturb other aspects of the electromagnetic design. Nonlinear metamaterials provide an attractive alternative. By including nonlinear behavior into a periodic structure through embedded electronic circuits, it is possible to construct a coating that provides minimal disturbance to low-power surface currents, but becomes strongly absorbing under high-power RF illumination. In this letter, a nonlinear metamaterial coating is introduced, and we demonstrate its performance as a thin, broadband, absorbing surface for high-power pulsed RF currents.
An example of the impact of different analytical treatments of ordinal explanatory variables on the explanatory/response relationship

Abstract Research studies in veterinary epidemiology typically are directed toward an evaluation of the relationship between an outcome or response variable and one or more risk factors. Frequently, the relationship of interest is adjusted for other known risk factors or other nuisance information such as age, sex, breed, weight, lactation, level of milk production, etc. By the end of the study, a mathematical expression has emerged that summarizes the relationship observed between all explanatory variables and the response. This paper demonstrates how the analytical treatment of ordinal explanatory variables can alter the conclusion that is reached regarding the nature of their relationship with the response. This demonstration is made using data from a recent prospective cohort study to evaluate the effect of vaccination on the incidence of mastitis in dairy cattle.
Structure of a receptor-binding fragment from human luteinizing hormone beta-subunit determined by [1H]- and [15N]nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The structure of the glycoprotein hormones (LH, CG, FSH, and TSH) and their mechanism of receptor recognition are problems of long-standing interest and speculation. Here we describe the two-dimensional [1H]nuclear magnetic resonance ([1H]NMR) analysis of a linear peptide model for the intercysteine sequence (38-57) from the beta-subunit of human (h) LH. This sequence contains functional determinants for receptor binding and postreceptor activation and is predicted by computer-based modeling to fold as a compact minidomain containing a central amphipathic helix. To test this prediction, an Arg-extended disulfide-free (38-57) analog of enhanced solubility was prepared for complementary circular-dichroic and two-dimensional NMR studies. The linear peptide retains ovarian membrane receptor-binding activity. Although the peptide is not highly structured in aqueous solution, circular-dichroic analysis shows partial alpha-helix formation in a lipophilic medium (50% trifluoroethanol). Complete sequential assignm...
Chain processes and their biophysical applications: Part II. The effect of recovery

The biological effects of radiations are studied on the basis of a general probabilistic model of successive transformations (Markoff chains). The process of recovery is taken into account as a series of reverse transitions. The theory gives methods for calculating the probability of subjecting a microorganism to an observable change within an assigned time during a process of irradiation of a homogeneous aggregate of microorganisms. Two methods of calculation are given: one requires the solution of a secular equation, the other one consists of expansions in power series of the intensities of recovery.
Climate change and the rise and fall of sea level over the millennium

Average rates of relative sea level rise (RSLR) along the coast of the eastern United States were 1–2 mm/yr over the last 2,000 years. Higher rates have occurred in recent centuries, and their onset seems to have preceded the period of modern global warming. A modest rate increase started in the 17th century, well before the modern global warming of this century, but the highest rates have occurred during the last 200 years, with a major acceleration around 1800 A.D. No significant acceleration is apparently associated with the rapidly rising temperatures of the last 100 years. How does one establish possible relationships between rates of sea level rise and climate fluctuations? Tide-gauge records are too short and noisy to derive a quantitative, empirical relationship between relative sea level rise rates and climate change [Douglas, 1992], and predictions of future rates of sea level rise are largely based on theory. The recent geological record can provide empirical insights, which can be applied toward the assessment of current rates and those predicted for the next century.
Framing a “Just War”

Selling a “Just” War: Framing, Legitimacy, and US Military Intervention. By Michael J. Butler . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 284 pp., $82.65 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-230-36064-8). War, and arguments about its justification, have been around for a long time. In recent years, “just war theory” has become the common discourse for debating these matters, not just on the part of philosophers, but by government officials and the general public as well (Walzer 2002). Michael J. Butler's study does not seek to determine the justice of various recent military engagements, nor to ascertain “ whether ” policymakers employ just war rhetoric to explain their resort to arms, but to examine empirically “ how and to what degree ” just war language is used to “sell” war to the domestic audience (p. 13, emphasis in original). After some introductory remarks, Butler offers in chapter 2 a historical survey of just war thinking, showing how theoretical developments have tracked important events in international politics. He notes the considerable subjectivity in applying just war prescriptions, leading him to prefer the term “just war conversation” rather than “just war theory,” with its implication of scientific certitude. In chapter 3, Butler explains the key concept of “framing.” The concept has been widely employed in communications and media studies, sociology, psychology, and recently in political science especially for studying the agenda-setting function of the media and the relationship between media, public opinion, and policy (e.g., Entman 2004). Chapter 4 sets out the methodology …
Central infusions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4/5, but not nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3, prevent loss of the cholinergic phenotype in injured adult motor neurons.

Abstract Neurotrophic factors are molecules that prevent neuronal degeneration and regulate neuronal phenotype during either development or adulthood. Relatively little is known about the comparative responsiveness of injured adult central nervous system motor neurons to various neurotrophic factors. In the present study we examined the effects of four members of the neurotrophin family on injured adult motor neurons. Nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 or neurotrophin - 4 5 were infused intracerebroventricularly into adult rats following transection of the motor hypoglossal nerve. Two weeks after axotomy, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin - 4 5 completely prevented the loss of the cholinergic phenotype in hypoglossal motor neurons (97 ± 11% and 99 ± 5%, respectively) as assessed by choline acetyltransferase immunolabeling. In contrast, nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 exerted no protective effect. The low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor, capable of binding all four neurotrophins, was re-expressed in injured hypoglossal neurons; the majority of injured hypoglossal neurons also express trkB receptors but not trkA or trkC receptors. Thus, injury-induced responses to neurotrophins in adult motor neurons are mediated by trk receptors and their agonists, but may or may not also require low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptors. Intracerebroventricular infusions of trkB agonists may be a useful means of targeting multiple and distantly separated populations of motor neurons for neurotrophic factor therapy.
Accidental and Systematic Change in Population History: Homeostasis in a Stochastic Setting

Abstract New insights emerge when we analyze Malthusian systems in a stochastic environment which makes both productivity and reproduction random variables. Then the equilibrating system determines probability distributions for population and wages. Within these distributions, the positions of population size and wages are determined at any historical moment mainly by more recent shocks, as homeostasis slowly overcomes the influence of older ones, which have a half-life of about 70 years. Stronger homeostasis may increase or diminish the variance of population size, but it reduces the variance of wages, by leading population size to track more closely changes in the demand for labor. The interrelation of population and wages, and the absence of exogenous variables, makes estimation and testing treacherous, leading to mistaken inferences in the literature. Long waves in European demographic history do not arise from homeostasis and may simply reflect the demographic cumulation of random shocks, rather than a cyclic driving force.
The temporal excesses of dead flesh

The corpse does not signify absence in much medieval literature; instead, dead flesh, both intact and putrefying, offers a superabundance of disruptive and uncomfortable presence. This ‘untimely’ presence is a particularly historiographic problem, for a cadaver’s refusal to decay quietly in the grave destabilizes the supercessionary relationship of present to past, as this essay demonstrates by coupling Bill Brown’s thing theory and Michel de Certeau’s historiographic explications with Bede’s Vita Cuthberti, St Erkenwald, the alliterative ‘Three Dead Kings,’ and the anonymous Wilton Chronicle. This life of Edith of Wilton, written c. 1420, effectively rewrites Anglo-Saxon royal history through an imagined encounter between Edith’s preternaturally active corpse and an impious, but quickly converted, Cnut. Dead flesh’s temporally explosive potential is thereby imagined to enable an affective encounter between past and present that can engender ethical renovation and even change the future.
The 2-hydroxylation of trans-cinnamic acid by chloroplasts from Melilotus alba Desr.

Abstract Chloroplasts isolated from sweetclover leaves contain an enzyme which converts trans -[3- 14 C]cinnamic acid to 2-hydroxy- trans -[3- 14 C]cinnamic ( o -coumaric) acid. The identity of the product has been verified by recrystallization with unlabeled o -coumaric acid to constant specific activity, and by gas-liquid cochromatography of unlabeled o -coumaric acid and the radioactive product. The enzyme has an optimum of pH 7.0 and its activity can be enhanced ~ 4-fold by adding 4 m m glucose-6-phosphate to the reaction mixture. Light can replace glucose-6-phosphate, presumably as a source of reducing power required for the hydroxylation system. It was found that approximately 50% of the hydroxylase activity is bound to the lamellar membranes, from which it can be released by sonication.
Explaining sibling differences in achievement and behavioral outcomes: The importance of within- and between-family factors

Abstract Most research on child behavioral and cognitive outcomes focuses on the impact of variables measured across families—holding a number of other characteristics constant. However, this research is limited in that it does not capture variation in child developmental outcomes that occurs within families. To address these limitations, we examine correlations of child outcomes between siblings from the same family. We conduct this analysis for several demographic subgroups. Furthermore, to better understand how these inequalities are generated within families, we also examine the impact of individual level characteristics within families using fixed effects models. Results from our between-family analyses indicate that siblings with fewer family resources are more similar on behavioral outcomes compared to siblings in more privileged families. However, children in two-parent households perform more similarly on age-adjusted achievement tests than do children in single parent households. Results from our within-family sibling comparisons reveal that first born children generally outperform their younger siblings on age-adjusted achievement tests.
Towards Secure Information Sharing and Management in Grid Environments

The introduction of service-oriented paradigm in Grid and corresponding Web Services standards has recently demanded the evolution of access control solutions to support fine-grained authorization requirements and dynamic natures derived from Grid environments. In this paper, we present a role-based authorization infrastructure for data sharing and management services in Grid. Our infrastructure advocates a dynamic and flexible resource-centric authorization approach with features of distributed role-based access control and systematic delegation of administrative authority. The infrastructure seamlessly integrates the existing XACML-based policy framework and authorization services in the RAMARS framework. We discuss our proof-of-concept prototype system that supports Web Services and SAML based authorization assertions. We also describe how the framework can be deployed in being compatible with an Open Grid Service Architecture.
Slow Food: What, Why, and to Where?

The “Slow Food Movement” erupted out of Italy during the last decade. The meaning of the phrase “Slow Food” seems obvious and transparent and has been used indiscriminately, leading to confusion about the “official” organization and its goals. Slow Food, the organization, is dedicated to the promotion of local, sustainable foodways, whether the elements are endangered farm breeds and cultigens, particular farm products, regional food specialties, or restaurants which support local producers. This paper will discuss the Slow Food agendas and goals, organizational structure, and the food and biodiversity preservation projects “Ark of Taste” and Presidia, as well as the newer, US and Italy-based food education program.
Abnormal lipoprotein particles and cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with psoriasis

Objectives Psoriasis is a Th-1/17 mediated inflammatory disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation may modulate lipoprotein particle number and directly impair HDL functions, in particular reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). We sought to study how chronic in vivo inflammation modulates lipoprotein particle composition using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and HDL efflux in psoriasis.
COMPARISON OF THE INHIBITORY AND LETHAL EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC VERSIONS OF PLANT METABOLITES (ANETHOLE, CARVACROL, EUGENOL, AND THYMOL) ON A FOOD SPOILAGE YEAST (DEBAROMYCES HANSENII)

Abstract The inhibitory and lethal effects of synthetic versions of compounds found in common herbs and spices were compared on a food spoilage yeast Debaromyces hansenii. Separate treatments of trans‐anethole, carvacrol, eugenol, and thymol were investigated in potato dextrose broth (PDB) suspension cultures. Inhibitory activity was studied for all compounds at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm over a 55 h incubation while lethality was investigated for trans‐anethole, carvacrol, and thymol at 100 and 125 ppm over a four day incubation. All compounds exhibited at least minor inhibitory activity at a concentration of 25 ppm. During the 55 h incubation period, the minimum concentration for total inhibition by trans‐anethole was 75 ppm, while that for carvacrol and thymol was 100 ppm. The maximum level of eugenol examined, 100 ppm, did not completely inhibit outgrowth. Growth curve data were described by the logistic equation which provided for quantitative comparison of inhibition. Lethality was ac...
Session 4: Mineral metabolism and body composition Iron status of breast-fed infants

Fe deficiency is a common nutritional disorder during infancy, particularly in low-income countries. The Fe status of a breast-fed infant is strongly influenced by the body Fe content at birth, which is determined by factors that operate before birth (maternal Fe status before and during pregnancy; infant gestational age and birth weight) and at the time of delivery (the timing of umbilical cord clamping). Delaying the clamping of the umbilical cord for 2 min can increase body Fe content by approximately 33% (75 mg), and results in greater Fe stores at 6 months of age. After birth, male gender and a rapid rate of weight gain are associated with lower Fe status. During the first half of infancy dietary Fe requirements depend on Fe stores at birth. For an exclusively-breast-fed full-term normal-birth-weight infant with delayed umbilical cord clamping, whose mother had adequate Fe status during pregnancy, the Fe provided from stores and breast milk is sufficient for >/=6 months, but before this time higher-risk infants may become Fe deficient. Fe supplementation can be beneficial for high-risk infants, but can have adverse effects on growth and morbidity of Fe-replete infants. After 6 months most breast-fed infants will require complementary foods that are rich in Fe.
Colon carcinogenesis. An overview

The mechanisms for activation of procarcinogens and some of the factors that affect these reactions are considered. It is proposed that the nucleus of the colonic cell may actually be responsible for the formation of ultimate carcinogenic forms of exogenous procarcinogens. The contributions of the intestinal microbial flora to activation and detoxification of the carcinogens are discussed, and the suggestion that inactive glucuronides of procarcinogens are hydrolyzed to proximate carcinogens by the microbial flora is proposed. Finally, the two-stage mechanism for carcinogenesis is discussed; large bowel cancer is the focal point.
Intraocular pressure status in 100 consecutive patients with exfoliation syndrome.

Abstract: An evaluation of 100 consecutive patients in whom the exfoliation syndrome was detected as an incidental finding revealed the incidence of glaucoma to be lower than previously reported. There were 75 women and 25 men in the study. Seventy-six patients had unilateral and 24 patients had bilateral involvement. The mean age of the unilateral group was 70 years and that of the bilateral group, 71 years. Of 124 eyes having the exfoliation syndrome, 78% had normal intraocular pressure, 15% had ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure greater than 22 mm Hg but no cupping or field loss), and 7% had glaucoma. Women out-numbered men in normotensive and ocular hypertensive groups, but no sex difference was apparent in the group with glaucoma. In the 76 patients in the unilateral group, 13 eyes having the exfoliation syndrome had ocular hypertension, and three had galucome. In five of the 16 patients in the unilateral group, 13 eyes having exfoliation syndrome had ocular hypertension, and three had galucoma. In five of the 16 patients with ocular pressure abnormalities in the eye with exfoliation syndrome, the fellow eye had ocular hypertension.
MId-Term Simulation Analysis Of The Policy Interaction Between Emission Regulation And RES Promotion

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission regulation and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) promotion policies have been implemented in many counties. Yet the two kinds of regulation measures could have complex interactions between each other, which can either enhance or reduce the overall emission reduction efficiency. In this paper, based on a novel Dynamic Simulation Platform of Power Economy & Power System (DSPES), the policy effectiveness, cost effectiveness and dynamic efficiency of different policy mixtures are studied. Simulation results show that these two kinds of measures can coexist, but good coordination should be made between emission regulation and RES promotion, which can help to achieve better emission reduction outcomes. (6 pages)
Increased meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin after extensive small bowel resection in puppies

In six beagle puppies provided with vagally denervated pouches of the oxyntic gland area, the effects of massive resection of the small intestine on acid secretion and serum gastrin induced by feeding were studied. The enterectomies produced significant postprandial hypersecretion of acid and hypergastrinemia. A linear correlation existed between the increased acid output and serum gastrin level.
Transparent Conductive Oxide GZO Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process

In this work, GZO thin films were prepared by sol-gel process and spin coating technique. The XRD results showed the preferential c-axis orientation of the crystallites and the presence of the wurite phase of ZnO and it were suggested that the presence of Ga might be changed the d-spacing of ZnO to formation the Ga-doped zinc oxide. The effects of Ga amount on the conductivity and transparency were studied. The electrical resistivity for the GZO film doped 2 at% of Ga could be lowered to be 7.510-3Ω-cm with the calcination temperature was 550°C and hydrogen treatment was conducted in the Ar/H2 (97/3) atmosphere at 500°C. In addition, the optical transmittances of GZO thin films were higher than 90% in visible wavelength region.
Epigenetic inheritance: histone bookmarks across generations

Multiple circuitries ensure that cells respond correctly to the environmental cues within defined cellular programs. There is increasing evidence suggesting that cellular memory for these adaptive processes can be passed on through cell divisions and generations. However, the mechanisms by which this epigenetic information is transferred remain elusive, largely because it requires that such memory survive through gross chromatin remodeling events during DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, and developmental reprogramming. Elucidating the processes by which epigenetic information survives and is transmitted is a central challenge in biology. In this review, we consider recent advances in understanding mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance with a focus on histone segregation at the replication fork, and how an epigenetic memory may get passed through the paternal lineage.
Transient Change in Q and Frequency of At-Cut Quartz Resonators Following Exposure to Pulse X-Rays

Study of the transient behavior of AT-cut quartz resonators following pulse irradiation has been extended. In addition to 125 MHz 5th overtone crystal units previously reported, both 32 MHz and 5 MHz 5th overtone units have been studied using several different oscillator circuits, one of which is designed to give the transient resistance at series resonance, RS, as well as frequency as a function of time after pulse exposure. RS is proportional to the acoustic loss, i.e., Q-1, of the resonator. With but one notable exception, the annealing kinetics of the transient frequency offset following pulse irradiation obeys a t-? relationship over three to four decades in time, indicative of a 1D diffusion limited trapping of uncorrelated mobile cation impurities in the crystal lattice. The most significant observations of the post-irradiation behavior of RS is the relatively large RS increase in natural quartz resonators. The transient increase anneals asymptotically to a relatively stable RS value which is somewhat higher than the pre-irradiation RS. The transient and steady-state post-irradiation change in RS is frequency dependent and, based upon the underlying model, should also be temperature dependent. The increase of RS in 5 MHz natural quartz resonators exposed to 104 Rad from the Sandia Laboratories' Hermes II facility is 30 times its pre-irradiation value at 0.2 sec after burst. However, RS for 32 MHz crystal units at .2 sec after exposure to 4 × 104 Rad typically increases only a factor of 2 times the pre-irradiation value.
Considering accounting education in the USA post-Enron

This paper is based on an address delivered by the lead author as Distinguished Visiting Speaker at the Annual Conference of the Special Interest Group in Accounting Education of the British Accounting Association in Bournemouth England held in May, 2003. The recent financial scandals, epitomized by Enron, raise the question of whether and how accounting educators should respond. It is proposed that accounting educators consider certain changes in the accounting curriculum. Specifically, five areas are identified that need serious rethinking about how they are taught to accounting students. These areas are: (1) corporations – their roles and responsibilities; (2) the status of investors; (3) auditing as a professional franchise; (4) purpose of accounting reports; and, (5) ethics. Currently, the accounting curriculum teaches these areas more as received wisdom or dogma than as problematic issues for accountants. A more critical examination of these areas is proposed so that students are educated, rather th...
On-orbit sky background measurements Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS)

Observations of the sky background obtained with the Faint Object Spectrograph during 1991 - 1992 are discussed. Sky light can be an important contributor to the observed count rate in several of the instrument configurations especially when large apertures are used. In general, the sky background is consistent with the pre-launch expectations and showed the expected effects of zodiacal light and diffuse galactic light. In addition to these sources, there is, particularly during the daytime, a highly variable airglow component which includes a number of emission lines. The sky background will have an impact on the reduction and possibly the interpretation of some spectra.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Effect of Regionalization On Infant and Early Neonatal Mortality An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

Regionalization ofperinatal care is widely assumed to be an effective means of improving pregnancy outcomes. However, due to limitations of the research designs employed in previous studies aimed at empirically confirming this conventional wisdom, strong evidence concerning the impact of regionalization on pregnancy outcomes is still lacking. In this article an interrupted time-series design is used to assess the impact of regionalization of perinatal care on infant and early neonatal mortality in Central New York. The analysis indicates that regionalization has had a statistically significant, gradual permanent impact on both infant and early neonatal mortality. *egionalization of perinatal care has been widely advocated and l t implemented in response to a problem-high infant mortality rates in the United States, especially relative to other industrialized countries-and an opportunity-increasing technological capabilities (both dhardwared and personnel skills) to care for high-risk mothers and infants. The rationale behind regionalization is that it maximizes the proportion of mothers and infants who benefit from these increasing technological capabilities, while avoiding the staggering cost increases that would inevitably accompany the widespread proliferation of highly
Rapid determination of C4-acylcarnitine and C5-acylcarnitine isomers in plasma and dried blood spots by UPLC-MS/MS as a second tier test following flow-injection MS/MS acylcarnitine profile analysis.

Abstract Background Flow-injection MS/MS methods for elevated acylcarnitines are routinely performed in most newborn screening and biochemical genetics laboratories; however this technique cannot distinguish between isobaric compounds; therefore, chromatographic separation is required to quantitate isomers for differential diagnosis of some inborn errors of metabolism. Methods A UPLC–MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of isobutyrylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine, and a second UPLC–MS/MS method for the quantitation of isovalerylcarnitine, ( S ) and ( R ) 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, pivaloylcarnitine and valerylcarnitine. Plasma and dried blood spots samples are extracted with methanol and derivatized with butanolic HCl. Deuterium labeled internal standards are used for quantitation. Separation is obtained using a methanol/water gradient with a C18 BEH, 1×100mm, 1.7μm UPLC column, at 60°C; run time is less than 10min. The isomers are detected with a Quattro Premier triple quadrupole, with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Results Intra-day precision in plasma and dried blood spots ranged from 1.4% to 14% and accuracy from 88% to 114% respectively for butyrylcarnitine and isobutyrylcarnitine. Precision for the isomers of C5-acylcarnitine ranged from 1.3% to 15% and accuracy 87% to 119%, respectively in plasma or dried blood spots. Inter-day precision was within 20% at each concentration of isobutyrylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine. Precision for 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine and isovalerylcarnitine at concentrations above the normal range was within 24%. Conclusions Two diagnostic tests based on the separation of C4-acylcarnitine and C5-acylcarnitine isomers by UPLC–MS/MS provide fast differential diagnosis of SCAD deficiency versus IBCD deficiency and IVA versus 2-MBCD deficiency. The separation of C5-acylcarnitines can reveal false elevation due to pivalic acid-containing antibiotics. Abnormal newborn screen results due to pivalate-generating prodrug antibiotics of maternal origin were confirmed. This separation of isomers can resolve multiple diagnostic challenges in both newborn screening and in cases with ambiguous metabolic test results.
Orbit Determination and Evolution of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)

The situation leading to the determination of the Hale-Bopp orbit is discussed, largely in terms of a procedure that generates two sequences of parabolic orbits. The comet is also considered in relation to the problem of the possibility of impact on the earth. The placement of its orbital nodes near the orbits of the earth and Jupiter is clearly an intriguing feature. The role of the prediscovery observation in 1993 is described, as it appeared both as a boon and a burden. Although evidence has been put forward that the Hale-Bopp nucleus is unusually large, it seems likely that nongravitational forces are noticeably affecting the comet's motion. While discussion of the comet's future long-term motion may be amenable to the usual treatment as a problem of diffusion, it is not entirely improbable that the present situation arose from a recent dramatic approach to Jupiter. It is shown that such a Jupiter encounter in June -2215 is not inconsistent with the non-existence of records at the comet's last perihelion passage, which could then have been the first to occur as close as 0.9 AU to the sun. Of course, the Jupiter encounter might also have given rise to the possible large satellite to Hale-Bopp discussed by Sekanina.
Rotationally resolved photoelectron angular distributions for H+2(ν′ = 0) at λ = 584 and 736 Å

Abstract The photoelectron asymmetry parameter for H + 2 (ν′ = 0) was measured for the S rotational branch at λ = 584 and 736 A using supersonic beam of n-H 2 . Comparison with the theoretical β values of Itikawa demonstrates the importance of coupling between the p and f photoelectron waves at higher photon energy.
The thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndromes: evaluation, management, and long-term outcomes experience of the Oklahoma TTP-HUS Registry, 1989-2007.

The Oklahoma thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP-HUS) Registry, an inception cohort of 382 consecutive patients with TTP–HUS, provides a complete community perspective of these syndromes. TTP, as defined by thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia without an alternative etiology, is the appropriate term for all adults. These limited diagnostic criteria are supported by the presenting features of patients with ADAMTS13 deficiency, in whom both neurologic and renal abnormalities are uncommon. HUS is the appropriate term for children who fulfill these diagnostic criteria and who also have renal failure. These definitions are consistent with current management: plasma exchange is the essential treatment for most adults; supportive care is sufficient for children with HUS. Plasma exchange treatment has decreased the mortality of TTP from 90 to 10%. Patients with acquired autoimmune ADAMTS13 deficiency may also require immunosuppressive treatment to achieve a durable remission. Recovery has revealed previously unrecognized long-term risks. Recurrent acute episodes occur in approximately 40% of patients with acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency; most relapses occur within the first year and most patients have only one relapse. Adults with TTP of any etiology have a high risk for persistent minor cognitive abnormalities.
Detecting population recovery using gametic disequilibrium-based effective population size estimates

Recovering populations often must meet specific growth rate or abundance targets before their legal status can be changed from endangered or threatened. While the efficacy, power, and performance of population metrics to infer trends in declining populations has received considerable attention, how these same metrics perform when populations are increasing is less clear. We examined the ability of a one-sample effective population size (N e ) estimator (LDNe) to discriminate between stable and increasing population trends across varying sample and initial population sizes. The performance of LDNe was compared to the Lincoln-Peterson (LP) abundance (N) estimator. The ability to identify stable and increasing populations varied widely across sample sizes and number of generations between sequentially collected samples, but LDNe outperformed LP. One-sample N e estimates show promise as an efficient method of detecting population increase when samples of 60–120 individuals are collected 5–10 generations apart.
Chronic Oxygen Therapy : Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at Sea Level

Oxygen was administered at sea level to 12 severely debilitated hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arterial hypoxemia was relieved for one month by the constant administration of two liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula. Despite no change in measured pulmonary function, marked improvement was seen in exercise tolerance, neuropsychologic functioning, and in the ability to carry out the activities of daily living. In four patients, right-sided cardiac catheterization revealed pulmonary hypertension which did not improve when hypoxemia was relieved. Investigation of compensatory mechanisms in hypoxemia revealed decreases after oxygen therapy in hematocrit, hemoglobin, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and speed of oxygen release from hemoglobin. The reversal of these compensatory mechanisms did not prevent the marked clinical improvement. Chronic oxygen therapy for suitably hypoxemic patients therefore appears to produce similar benefit at sea level as it has previously been reported to produce at altitude.