cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digging the Greeks: New Versions of Old Classics

With hindsight, we can appreciate the harmony between T. S. Eliot’s Greek-based modern plays and his self-declared stance — ‘classicist in literature, royalist in politics, and Anglo-Catholic in religion’ (my emphasis). But British playwrights who abhor Eliot’s attitude have also turned to ancient Greece. Perhaps these playwrights were inspired by the forays of two renowned English directors — John Barton’s ten-play Greeks in 1980 and Peter Hall’s Oresteia in 1981 (in a version by Tony Harrison). Unlike these directors, however, the playwrights (with the exception of Harrison) restrict their archaeology to a single play. Timberlake Wertenbaker and Howard Barker dramatize Greek myths; Joe Orton, on the one hand, Caryl Churchill and David Lan, on the other, adapt the same Greek tragedy, The Bacchae of Euripides; Steven Berkoff, Edward Bond, and Tony Harrison read different dramas of classical Greece in their own distinctive voices. Dating from 1967 to 1988, these Greek structures are garbed in each playwright’s individual idiom, so there is no point to examining them chronologically. Instead, I propose to move from the sombre to the light, as in the tragic tetralogy of the Dionysian Festival at Athens in the Fifth Century bc.
Amy’s Voice: Becoming Fully Human in Our Professional Roles

I am an associate professor of instructional technology. My scholarly interests include social and cultural implications of technologies; visuals for learning and instruction; scaffolding higher order and critical thinking; and educational philosophy. During my career, I have felt a growing need to better integrate and address issues of access, equity, cultural capital, privilege awareness, and other issues of social justice into my professional work. Although a thread of my scholarly efforts has woven through issues of culture, ethics, and critical consciousness development, those themes are frequently perceived to be at the margins of mainstream Instructional Design and Technology (IDT). Learning theories—and by extension, epistemologies—are central to the field of IDT. However, it seems to me that an epistemology of ignorance (as expounded by Linda Martin Alcoff) permeates our field with regard to issues of equity, inclusion, unearned privilege, and institutionalized oppression, and that social justice issues are largely regarded as not directly relevant to either the IDT field, broadly, or the particular classes I teach, specifically. I think this must change.
Reflections on the long nineteenth century and Indian Removal

Those of us who study American Indian history have long worked with a different set of chronological parameters and periodicities than conventional historians of American history. Transitions in Na...
Structural Functional Response Models for Complex Intervention Trials

Estimating causal effect under different treatment exposures in empirical research is sometimes difficult because of lack of control for the distribution of such exposure in either randomly assigned or self-selected treatment groups. In clinical studies, when the treatment doesn’t follow standard design under a consistent and single-layer intervention for each subject, the estimation and inference on causal treatment effect would become more complicated than the standard intervention for the most of the statistical models. In this book chapter, we are interested in introducing a new class of structural models in estimation of causal treatment effect, the structural functional response models (SFRM), which is an extended version of existing structural mean models (SMM), but more effectively used in addressing imperfect of treatment compliance in clinical trials. In contrast with SMM, the SFRM has a flexible model structure and is naturally adaptive to complex intervention design for both experimental and non-experimental studies. The computation of the SFRM is more straightforward than the G-estimation algorithm that is widely used by SMM. Moreover, the SFRM is ready to be generalized to binary and count outcomes through logit and log-linear functions. Simulation studies are conducted to illustrate its strength and superiority of model performance. Then, the SFRM is applied to a randomized clinical trial in comparison of a new intervention with standard therapy in improvement of teenage’s mental health to estimate the causal treatment effect under the multi-layered intervention design.
A demonstration of VisDPT: visual exploration of differentially private trajectories

The release of detailed taxi trips has motivated numerous useful studies, but has also triggered multiple privacy attacks on individuals' trips. Despite these attacks, no tools are available for systematically analyzing the privacy risk of released trajectory data. While, recent studies have proposed mechanisms to publish synthetic mobility data with provable privacy guarantees, the questions on -- 1) how to explain the theoretical privacy guarantee to non-privacy experts; and 2) how well private data preserves the properties of ground truth, remain unclear. To address these issues, we propose a system --- VisDPT that provides rich visualization of sensitive information in trajectory databases and helps data curators understand the impact on utility due to privacy preserving mechanisms. We believe VisDPT will enable data curators to take informed decisions while publishing sanitized data.
Making Space in Brasília: Cultural Texts from 2009 to 2014

In learning about Brasilia, we learn about the power of place, not as deriving from some static, unchanging location, but from the dynamic negotiations that unfold there. Drawing on theory related to social space and cultural geography, particularly that of Henri Lefebvre and Doreen Massey, this study analyzes music, music videos, creative non-fiction, and poetry concerned with the negotiations that imbue the city with meaning. Five of Brasilia’s contemporary cultural texts (created by Nicolas Behr, Ellen Oleria, Viela 17, Sexy Fi, and Augusto Rodrigues from 2009 to 2014) illustrate the spatial negotiations that shape the subjectivities of Brasilia’s residents.
BEFLAB: Bandwidth efficient fuzzy logic-assisted broadcast for VANET

Multi-hop broadcast communication is extensively used as the main communication scheme to enable safety and non-safety applications for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). In order to design a bandwidth efficient VANET broadcast protocol, we propose a fuzzy logic-assisted intelligent receiver-based scheme. A receiver vehicle uses a fuzzy logic system , which relies on mobility and coverage factors, to determine the rebroadcaster candidate vehicles, and then based on the distance-to-mean parameter of each vehicle in this candidate set, the receiver vehicle decides to rebroadcast or drop the message. Ns-3 simulations have been developed to investigate the effectiveness of our proposed system in terms of reachability, the average number of rebroadcasts per covered node, and bytes sent per covered node. The proposed protocol performance is compared to DTM, DADCQ, SLAB, FLB, and CSBD protocols. The proposed protocol is shown to have bandwidth efficiency advantage over all the other protocols while maintaining an acceptable reachability level.
Disability rights advocacy online: voice, empowerment, and global connectivity

Filippo Trevisan’s Disability rights advocacy online: voice, empowerment and global connectivity (2017) is an especially timely study. According to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Per...
Teaching the Holocaust as a Cautionary Tale

ABSTRACTTeaching about the Holocaust as an atrocity of the 1940s misleads students into thinking that it is a genocide occurred, that the world agreed “Never Again,” and that the United Nations would prevent future genocides. With genocides in Rwanda, Srebrenica, and Syria occurring in the years since the Holocaust, teachers need to use the Holocaust as a vehicle for teaching about and preventing future genocides. Five main points need to be taught to students, all of which can be shown in the Holocaust and other genocides, specifically: (1) the meaning of genocide and problems surrounding its early identification; (2) the idea that governments are not always ethical or moral; (3) the effectiveness of propaganda; (4) dehumanization; and (5) using one's voice to stand up against injustice.
CRT-200.05 High On-treatment Platelet Reactivity to Aspirin and Clopidogrel Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular and limb events. This study aims to determine if high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) to aspirin (HPRA) and/or clopidogrel (HPRC) is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular or limb events
Activity and Energetics of the Brown Lemming in its Natural Habitat

Continuous radio transmissions from brown lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus) under field conditions revealed that the lemmings spent an average of 62% of their time engaged in activities requiring mov...
Measurement of Current Substance Use in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Persons in Continuity HIV Care, 2007–2015

Accurate, routine measurement of recent illicit substance use is challenging. The Johns Hopkins Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinical Cohort (Baltimore, Maryland) collects 2 imperfect but routine measurements of recent substance use: medical record review and self-interview. We used Bayesian latent class modeling to estimate sensitivity and specificity of each measurement as well as prevalence of substance use among 2,064 patients engaged in care during 2007-2015. Sensitivity of medical record review was higher than sensitivity of self-interview for cocaine and heroin use; posterior estimates ranged from 44% to 76% for cocaine use and from 39% to 67% for heroin use, depending on model assumptions and priors. In contrast, sensitivity of self-interview was higher than sensitivity of medical record review for any alcohol use, hazardous alcohol use, and cigarette smoking. Posterior estimates of sensitivity of self-interview were generally above 80%, 85%, and 87% for each substance, respectively. Specificity was high for all measurements. From one model, we estimated prevalence of substance use in the cohort to be 12.5% for cocaine, 9.3% for heroin, 48.5% for alcohol, 21.4% for hazardous alcohol, and 55.4% for cigarettes. Prevalence estimates from other models were generally comparable. Measurement error of substance use is nontrivial and should be accounted for in subsequent analyses.
Chapter 8 – Targeted Adenoviral Vectors I: Transductional Targeting

Publisher Summary This chapter demonstrates that by addressing the deficiency of adenovirus (Ad) vectors related to their natural tropism, one can potentially improve the specificity, immunogenicity, and safety of these agents and thus further increase their overall utility for gene therapy. Despite a number of important biological features that make human adenoviruses a promising vector system for gene therapy, the Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependence of Ad infection has been recognized as one of the major disadvantages of this vector system. The concept of targeted Ad vectors capable of delivering therapeutic genes was proposed to overcome this limitation. It is apparent that anatomical barriers must be resolved to enhance the utility of tropism-modified Ad vectors in the context of systemic delivery. Future work should lead to the derivation of truly targeted Ad vectors suitable for a variety of clinical applications requiring highly efficient, cell-specific delivery of therapeutic genes in vivo.
Do Religious Tax Exemptions Entangle in Violation of the Establishment Clause? The Constitutionality of the Parsonage Allowance Exclusion and the Religious Exemptions of the Individual Health Care Mandate and the Fica and Self-Employment Taxes

In Freedom From Religion Foundation v. Geithner, the Freedom From Religion Foundation (FFRF) argues that Code Section 107 and the income tax exclusion that section grants to “minister[s] of the gospel” for parsonage allowances violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. This case has important implications for a new federal law mandating that individuals maintain “minimum essential” health care coverage for themselves and their dependents. That mandate contains two religious exemptions. One of these exemptions incorporates a pre-existing religious exemption from the federal self-employment tax. These sectarian exemptions raise the same First Amendment issues as does the Code’s exclusion from gross income of clerical housing allowances.I ultimately find unpersuasive the indictment of Section 107 as constitutionally entangling. For the same reasons, I also conclude that the religious exemptions of the Social Security taxes and of the individual health mandate pass First Amendment muster. In the modern world, extensive contact between tax systems and religious institutions is unavoidable. Whether religious entities and actors are taxed or exempted, there are inevitable tensions between the contemporary state and sectarian institutions and their personnel. Whether religious entities and actors are taxed or exempted, there are no disentangling alternatives, just imperfect trade-offs between different forms of entanglement.Thus, Section 107 and the exclusion from gross income it grants to clerical recipients of housing and parsonage allowances are constitutionally permitted, though not constitutionally required, responses to the problems of entanglement inherent in the relationship between modern government and religion. Similarly, the Code’s sectarian exemptions from the individual health care mandate and from the FICA and self-employment taxes are acceptable, though not obligatory, means under the First Amendment of managing the inevitable contacts and tensions between the contemporary state and the religious community. However, as a matter of tax policy, the exclusion of Section 107(2) for cash parsonage allowances stands on weaker ground than does the exclusion of Section 107(1) for in-kind housing provided to “minister[s] of the gospel.” The taxation of such cash allowances, in contrast to the taxation of housing provided in-kind, does not involve problems of valuation or of taxpayer liquidity and is thus more practicable as a matter of tax policy.
Evidence for two RNA polymerases in Arthrobacter, a morphogenetic bacterium.

Abstract Two DNA-dependent RNA polymerases have been isolated from Arthrobacter crystallopoietes , a bacterium with a distinct morphological life cycle. The two enzymes are different with respect to chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior, divalent cation requirement, and template activity with different DNA species. One appears to be similar in its properties and structure to E. coli polymerase, the other is different, but the nature of the difference is not yet clear. The possible relationship of the two enzymes in a regulatory role in the life cycle has yet to be investigated.
Estimation of Historical-Annual and Historical-Monthly Scale-Invariant Flow Duration Curves with Implementation for Iowa

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure to derive historical-annual and historical-monthly flow duration curves (FDC) that are monotonic and continuous for agricultural, unregulated, ungauged sites...
Synergistic Effects of Honeys and Commonly Used Antibiotics on Gram Positive Bacteria

Thisstudy aimed to investigate the growth inhibitory effect of sidr and sommorhoneys and to evaluate the synergistic effects of various honey concentrationsand five antibiotics on gram-positive bacteria in vitro using agar welldiffusion and disk diffusion techniques. This is the first time for studyingthe antibacterial activity and synergistic effect of sommor honey againstbacteria. The results indicated that sidr and sommor honeys had antibacterialactivity against the clinical isolates and reference strains of S. aureusand Strept. pyogenes. Thereference strains were more susceptible to sidr honey than sommor honey whilethe clinical isolates were more susceptible to sommor honey than sidrhoney. Increasing honey concentrationseither alone or in combination with antibiotics was significantly increased(P<0.05) the growth inhibition of the tested bacteria. The synergisticeffects of honeys with antibiotics were significantly (P<0.05) differentamong the tested gram-positive bacteria. The highest synergistic effect wasobserved against Strept. pyogenes clinical isolate when sidr and sommorhoneys combined with ofloxacin, pipracillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid andsulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim. It can be concluded that sidr and sommorhoneys improved the antibiotic activity and presented a new avenue fortreatment of gram-positive bacterial infections.
PROMOTING AGING LITERACY: CAN ELDER COHOUSING HELP MEMBERS AGE BETTER TOGETHER INTENTIONALLY?

AbstractSome of the new senior cohousing communities in the US have expressed a goal of helping members age better together, intentionally sharing their knowledge, support, and experience. To measure this, three elder cohousing communities (Community A, n=25; Community B, n=23; and Community C, n=13) completed questionnaires during onsite visits by the researcher. Respondents did not differ significantly between communities on age at move-in (M=69.6, SD=6.344), gender (77% female, n=47), race (100% White), and self-reported physical and mental health, among many other items (ps>.05). Twenty-two items based on a conceptual model of “aging better together intentionally” were used to measure whether communities supported their residents in embracing the aging process. Chi-square tests showed significant differences on 15 of 22 items, which included: not denying the realities of aging (p=.001); aging well together is a goal (p=.004); opportunities to talk about aging (p<.001), acceptance of aging (p=.001), and sharing humor about aging (p=.003). Community C was consistently less positive in these responses, suggesting these questions successfully differentiated between communities. Follow-up review of the communities’ websites indicated more emphasis on aging together in Communities A and B, with almost no mention for Community C. As this was a small sample, these variables should be tested with other communities wishing to promote aging better together intentionally for their residents. Such results may help communities identify ways to strengthen aging literacy and acceptance of the aging process for their residents, particularly if the members of the community agree that this is a shared goal.
Adhesive residue on the CAD-CAM surgical guide sleeve: A technical report.

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) surgical guides can be used by the clinician and dental technician to create a definitive cast before surgery, thereby allowing an indirect interim restoration to be fabricated. However, the accurate transfer of the interim restoration from the laboratory to the surgical site requires a precise interface between components. This article reports the prosthetic significance of adhesive residue on the intaglio surface of the CAD-CAM surgical guide sleeve, which can create errors in the implant analog position of the definitive cast. A technique for identifying the presence of residue and its careful removal are also introduced.
Influence of Oxides of Nitrogen on Crop Growth and Yield: An Overview

ABSTRACT Automobiles and power generating facilities are the major sources of oxides of nitrogen (NO X ). These sources also emit sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and hydrocarbons, which in combination with NO X contribute to the production of ozone (O 3 ). Consequently, oxides of nitrogen are rarely present alone in polluted air masses. Both nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) can either be toxic to or metabolized by plants. The rate of uptake of the pollutants and the physiological state of the plant determine whether the NO X will be injurious or beneficial. Oxides of nitrogen are less phytotoxic than SO 2 or O 3 and the concentrations of NO X that presently occur in most agricultural areas do not pose a threat to crop productivity. However, exposure to NO X in combination with SO 2 and/or O 3 can alter plant metabolism and productivity at concentrations that would not produce such effects if the pollutants were present alone. Consequently, the effects of NO X on crop growth and yield are minimal in comparison with the effects of NO X in combination with SO 2 and O 3 .
Thought Disposal: Co-Designing a virtual interaction to reduce stress in teens

Repeated stress during adolescence has been shown to decrease cognitive function while increasing rates of anxiety and depression. Eighty-one percent of teens report stress stemming from their school environment and yet, schools are struggling to manage the increase of teen mental health needs. Virtual-reality (VR) has been shown effective at treating post-traumatic stress disorder, phobias, and pain due to its immersive experience. The following paper presents a participatory, human-centered design process utilizing teens as co-designers to develop a VR interaction intended to reduce stress.We describe our co-design process including research, storyboarding, group interviews, and prototyping of our thought disposal interaction. In addition, we discuss our design of an immersive measurement tool to capture the immediate effect of the interaction. Finally, we describe next steps and future research related to our project.
Revisiting profiles and profile comparisons of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism on self-presentation tactic use

Abstract A self-presentation conceptualization of narcissism stipulates that narcissism constructs accompany chronic patterns of tactical behaviors that portray narcissistic identities. Research addressing this idea is scant, and the evidence is non-definitive. Here, participants (N = 511) completed a battery of popular grandiose and vulnerable narcissism indices and reported their past use of 12 self-presentation tactics. We derived two factor scores representing “grandiose narcissism” and “vulnerable narcissism.” The factors converged on relations to tactics that portray prototypical narcissistic identities and diverged in ways that tactically portray unique features of each narcissism form. Specifically, vulnerable narcissism related uniquely to self-presenting weakness and defensiveness, whereas grandiose narcissism related uniquely to self-presenting as a role-model and more strongly to self-presenting as intimidating. With few exceptions, individual grandiose-narcissism measures showed high profile similarity, and individual vulnerable-narcissism measures showed high profile similarity.
Adult-child science language during informal science learning at an aquarium

This pilot study explored whether and how adult science language was related to the science language that children used during informal science learning at an aquarium and tested a methodological a...
Provider and health care system response to a bioterrorist attack

(2001). Provider and Health Care System Response to a Bioterrorist Attack. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 224-230.
Thromboregulation by endothelial cells: significance for occlusive vascular diseases.

To the Editor: I wish to raise several issues about the “Brief Review” by Dr Aaron J. Marcus and colleagues. The prior ecto-ADPase or ATP diphosphohydrolase nomenclature is no longer recommended; nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase or NTPDase is the preferred terminology for this family of enzymes. For example, CD39 can now be classified as NTPDase-1.1 The claim here (and in prior communications) that work by Dr Marcus and colleagues2 was “the first direct demonstration of a physiological function for CD39 … blockade of platelet responsiveness to … ADP” is incorrect. Prior to this, we had clearly demonstrated that CD39 cloned from human umbilical vein endothelial cells had all the biochemical and biological properties (inclusive of platelet antiaggregatory capacity) of an ecto-ADPase or ATPDase (old terminology).3 In addition, the pioneering work of Miura and colleagues,4 who demonstrated that the major antiaggregatory activity of bovine aorta microsomes for ADP-induced aggregation was due to an ATPDase, has not been referred to. Beaudoin and colleagues5 had also shown that partially purified ATPDases from bovine aorta had important platelet-regulatory properties, but this work was unfortunately overlooked. The statement that “collagen and TRAP depend more on released ADP for recruitment and aggregation than was previously appreciated” was based solely on data in Gayle et al.6 Prior to this manuscript, we had documented that CD39 inhibits platelet aggregation to ADP, collagen, and thrombin3 ; additionally, platelets from the mutant mouse null for cd39 are nonresponsive to collagen and thrombin.7 The important cysteine at the N -terminal end of CD39 was omitted in Figure 2 (see also Gayle et al6 ). This amino acid is crucial for palmitoylation …
Eating Disorders in Male Athletes.

Context:Eating disorders (EDs) in male athletes are potentially debilitating disorders with significant medical, psychological, and athletic performance consequences.Evidence Acquisition:Searches w...
28–32 GHz Dual-Polarized Single-Layer Microstrip Line Beamforming Network for 2×2 Beam Switching

A 2x2 dual-polarized passive analog beamforming network is presented for millimeter-wave application in the range of 28–32 GHz. Two identical 2x2 networks, one for each polarization (H and V) are integrated on a single substrate layer. Highly isolated crossover is used to cross the RF signal for each polarization. To avoid spurious radiation, the microstrip line circuit is packaged with the AMC. The beamforming network has four beam-ports for each polarization. Therefore, eight beams can be generated, simultaneously. The 90°hybrid couplers are used to achieve 2D progressive phase shift at two stages. The transmission of -6.5 ± 0.25 dB is achieved from the beam-ports to the array-ports. Similarly, the progressive phase shift of 90°± 5° is achieved in X and Y direction.
A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based Wilshire model for creep deformation, damage, and rupture prediction

Abstract In this study, a new constitutive model is derived that combines the Wilshire equations with continuum damage mechanics (CDM) to enable the long-term prediction of creep deformation, damage, and rupture. The Wilshire equations have been demonstrated to accurately extrapolate the stress-rupture, minimum-creep-strain-rate, and time-to-strain of various alloys across decade of life. Recently, the time-to-creep-strain equation has been rearranged to predict creep deformation curves; however, the resulting equation is difficult to calibrate and does not track damage. The CDM-based Sinh constitutive model accurately predicts creep deformation, damage, and stress-rupture for a variety of alloys; however, it lacks an explicit description of stress and temperature co-dependence which limits interpolation and extrapolation ability. In this study, the Wilshire and the CDM-based Sinh equations are combined to create the “WCS” model. The WCS model combines the best features of each model while eliminating their deficiencies. Experimental data for alloy P91 is gathered and the WCS model is calibrated to the data. The WCS model accurately predicts the stress rupture, minimum-creep-strain-rate, creep deformation, and damage of alloy P91 across the experimental stress and temperature range as well as consistency in parametric simulations.
The Impact of High-Fidelity Simulation on Nursing Student’s Flexible and Reflective Thinking in Higher Education

This study evaluated the effect of high-fidelity simulation with both mannequins and live actors on flexible and reflective thinking of nursing students. Students enrolled in an undergraduate nursing program were recruited to participate in this study. Ninety students, all female, completed both pre- and post-surveys. The researchers conducted a paired samples t-test to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in students’ level of flexible thinking before and after they experienced the high-fidelity simulation. Moreover, we conducted multivariate correlational analysis to examine the relationships between flexible thinking and reflective thinking. In general, statistical results in this study provide empirical support for the values of clinical simulation and debriefing on nursing students’ flexible and reflective thinking. High-fidelity simulation can expose students to controlled and dynamic clinical environments, allowing them to attempt the transfer of theory to practice, learn from collaborative and active learning tasks, and be open-minded to multiple perspectives and in diverse situations. We conclude that critical reflection is an important piece of development in flexible thinking and reflective learning. During the time of post-simulation interactions, students are encouraged to reflect objectively on their performance in each scenario. The input from peers and instructors provides students with the opportunity to assess their personal ability to transfer theory to practice and evaluate if the theory design of the course is providing them with the needed information to care for the clients presented in the clinical simulation scenarios.
The Three Ring Conception of Giftedness: A Change in Direction from Being Gifted to the Development of Gifted Behaviors

This chapter focuses on creative-productive giftedness and proposes that young people showing creative potential and an investigative mindset should also have access to special opportunities, resources, and encouragement. It also describes the evolution of the Three Ring Conception of Giftedness, with its three interacting clusters of traits: above average (not necessarily superior) ability, task commitment, and creativity. Various considerations that have guided the development of the Three Ring Conception of Giftedness include the differences between two kinds of assessment. The first, assessments of learning, focuses on what students already know based on cognitive and achievement test scores. This approach to the development of giftedness and talents in all areas of human productivity takes into consideration factors related to another type of student data called assessment for learning. Factors include sensitivity to traits such as curiosity, interests, preferred instructional styles and expression styles, enjoyment of learning, collaboration, communication, cooperation, planning, and self-regulation. Recurring questions about the Three Ring Conception of Giftedness are discussed, as is the overall goal of both this definition and the recommended programming approach called the Schoolwide Enrichment Model. That goal is to increase the world’s reservoir of creative and productive young people who will contribute to the scientific, economic, social, and cultural development of mankind and to preserve the earth’s resources for future generations.
Transfusion-associated hyperkalemia in pediatric population: Prevalence, risk factors, survival, infusion rate, and RBC unit features.

BACKGROUND Hyperkalemia is a rare life-threatening complication of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Stored RBCs leak intracellular potassium (K+) into the supernatant; irradiation potentiates the K+ leak. As the characteristics of patients and implicated RBCs have not been studied systematically, a multicenter study of transfusion-associated hyperkalemia (TAH) in the pediatric population was conducted through the AABB Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Subsection. STUDY DESIGN The medical records of patients <18 years old were retrospectively queried for hyperkalemia occurrence during or ≤12 h after the completion of RBC transfusion in a 1-year period. Collected data included patient demographics, diagnosis, medical history, timing of hyperkalemia and transfusion, mortality, and RBC unit characteristics. RESULTS/FINDINGS A total of 3777 patients received 19,649 RBC units during the study period in four facilities. TAH was found in 35 patients (0.93%) in 37 occurrences. The patient median age and weight were 1.28 years and 9.80 kg, respectively. All patients had multiple serious comorbidities. There were 79 RBC units transfused in the TAH events; 62% were irradiated, and the median age of the units was 10 days. The median total RBC volume transfused ≤12 h before TAH was 24% of patient estimated total blood volume, and the median infusion rate (IR) was19.6 ml/kg/h. Mortality rate within 1 day after the TAH event was 20%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of TAH in children was low; however, the 1-day mortality rate was 20%. Patients with multiple comorbidities may be at higher risk for TAH. The IR was higher for patients who had TAH than the IR threshold for safe transfusion.
Retinoblastoma in twins: Risk assessment of genotypic variants.

Purpose To describe methods of risk assessment in twins with retinoblastoma (RB). Methods A case series of four RB probands with a twin sibling. Family status, clinical presentation, and RB1 germline status-based risk assessment were analyzed. Results Two pairs had a positive family history (unilateral and bilateral RB in one of the parents (#1 and #2, respectively) and two pairs (#3 and #4) were sporadic. One of the familial twins (#1) had a high risk (90%) of manifesting RB in the twin. The other case (#2) with an absent RB1 germline mutation in the twin had a 0% risk of developing RB. Among sporadic cases of twins (#3), genetic testing did not identify a germline mutation (tumor sample unavailable) in the proband which downgraded the risk of germline mutation from 15% to T) could be identified (tumor tissue available) in the proband (# 4). Identical germline mutation (and RB tumor) was also noted in the twin. In each case, there was concordance between the assessed risk and manifestation of RB. Conclusion Assessment of risk of RB in a twin presents with a unique challenge. Depending upon the genotype variant, the risk of developing RB can vary from 0% to 90%. In addition to family history, clinical manifestation in the proband, zygosity status, and RB1 germline status are critical in formulating risk-appropriate surveillance guidelines.
Interaction of aryl tetrazolones with anions: proton transfer vs. hydrogen bonding

In this study, the interaction of two monosubstituted aryl tetrazolones, namely 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-tetrazol-5-one 1a and 1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-tetrazol-5-one 1b, with anions of varying basicity e.g. hydrogen sulfate (HSO4−), bromide (Br−), nitrate (NO3−), thiocyanate (NCS−), chloride (Cl−) and acetate (AcO−) was investigated in acetonitrile and DMSO. UV and NMR titrations indicated that tetrazolones interact through hydrogen bonding or weak electrostatic interactions with HSO4−, Br−, NO3−, NCS−, and Cl−. The association constants (Ka) were found to be in the order Cl− > Br− > NO3− > NCS− > HSO4−. Tetrazolones 1a,b exhibited almost 9 times higher selectivity towards Cl− compared to Br− which may be attributed to the higher basicity of the former. The affinity of 1a towards most anions was higher than 1b, except for HSO4−. This was attributed to the higher electron withdrawing ability of the –NO2 group compared to –CF3 that renders the N–H proton more acidic for interaction with anions resulting in higher Ka values. Significant UV changes were observed upon addition of the AcO− anion to the solution of 1a,b in acetonitrile as new bands formed and isosbestic points were observed indicating the formation of a new species. NMR titrations in DMSO-d6 further confirmed that 1a,b underwent deprotonation with AcO− owing to its higher basicity.
Identification of Compounds for Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition.

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a nonspecific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyzes choline-based esters. BChE plays a critical role in maintaining normal cholinergic function like acetylcholineste...
Measuring the Effects of Marketing Solicitations

This research examines the effectiveness of marketing solicitations to customers by a commercial bank. For financial products, a customer might respond to marketing solicitations by either adopting the products directly or contacting the bank for additional information before deciding whether or not to adopt the products. Consequently, whether a customer adopts a product depends not only on the marketing solicitations themselves (the direct effect) but also on the amount of information (the indirect effect) obtained from contacts initiated by customers before potential product adoption. Decomposing the two effects is important in designing effective marketing campaigns. For this purpose, we develop a model of customers’ contact and product adoption decisions in response to marketing solicitations. We further evaluate the statistical significance associated with indirect effects using Bayesian mediation analysis. Our model estimates suggest significant direct and indirect effects of marketing solicitations. The indirect effects, though smaller in magnitude, lead to sizable economic value, in terms of targeting. This result underscores the importance of understanding the indirect effects of marketing solicitations. In addition, we discuss the insights derived from our model for marketing resource allocation among direct solicitations and experiences associated with customer-initiated contacts.
Evaluating Completeness of Discrete Data on Physical Functioning for Children with Cerebral Palsy in a Pediatric Rehabilitation Learning Health System.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that physical function discrete data elements (DDE) documented in electronic health records (EHR) are complete within pediatric rehabilitation settings. Methods A descriptive analysis on completeness of EHR-based DDEs detailing physical functioning for children with cerebral palsy (CP) was conducted. Data from an existing pediatric rehabilitation research learning health system (LHS) data network, consisting of EHR data from 20 care sites in a pediatric specialty healthcare system, were leveraged. Completeness was calculated for unique data elements, unique outpatient visits, and unique outpatient records. Results Completeness of physical function DDEs was low across 5766 outpatient records (10.5%, ~2 DDEs documented). The DDE for Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level was available for 21% (n = 3746) outpatient visits and 38% of patient records. Ambulation Level was the most frequently documented DDE. Intercept only mixed effects models demonstrated that 21.4% and 45% of the variance in completeness for DDEs and the GMFCS, respectively, across unique patient records could be attributed to factors at the individual care site level. Conclusion Values of physical function DDEs are missing in designated fields of the EHR infrastructure for pediatric rehabilitation providers. While completeness appears limited for these DDEs, our observations indicate that data are not missing at random and may be influenced by system-level standards in clinical documentation practices between providers and factors specific to individual care sites. The extent of missing data has significant implications for pediatric rehabilitation quality measurement. More research is needed to understand why discrete data are missing in EHRs and to further elucidate the professional and system-level factors that influence completeness and missingness. Impact Completeness of DDEs reported in this study is limited and presents a significant opportunity to improve documentation and standards to optimize EHR data for LHS research and quality measurement in pediatric rehabilitation settings.
Computer-Simulated Aircraft Inspection Tasks for Off-Line Experimentation

Previous research on civil aircraft inspection and maintenance, (e.g., Shepherd, 1990) has shown the potential for human factors interventions. However, for specific interventions to be tested and detailed models to be developed a system for rapid, off-line experimentation is required. Two computer-simulated inspection tasks are described, one for non-destructive inspection and the other for visual inspection. Both systems have been used for experiments, the brief results of which are presented. Future extensions to the programs, and other experiments under way, are discussed.
Folate Binding Proteins

The participation of folate coenzymes in the de novo synthesis of methionine, thymidine and adenine, renders the vitamin, folic acid, vital for the development and growth of both foetus and infant. Thymidine and adenine are constituents of DNA and RNA while methionine is both a constituent of protein and the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). S-adenosyl-methionine is a universal methyl donor which participates in over 100 methylation reactions, many of which are vital. It is no wonder, therefore, that folate deficiency has been identified as contributing to the cessation of pregnancy, low birth weight, delayed maturation of the nervous system, growth retardation and megaloblastic anemia (Baumslag et al., 1970; Gray et al., 1965; Roberts et al., 1969; Strelling et al., 1966; Iyengar and Rajalakshmi, 1975; Arakawa et al., 1970; Luhby, 1959; Dansky et al., 1992). Perhaps the most dramatic development in recent years is the recognition that folate supplementation in the first six weeks of pregnancy reduces the incidence of neural tube defects by as much as 60% (Medical Research Council Vitamin Study, 1991). In the US, the incidence of neural tube defect has declined from 6 per 1000 in 1930 to less than 2 per 1000 in 1970 and this reduction has been attributed to improved nutrition.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Mechanical Interface Behavior of Copper and Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles

Because of their remarkable thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have significant potential to be employed in nano/ micro-electrical applications as interconnects. However, they must be adaptable to the current copper (Cu) technology for this transition to occur. In this study, a hybrid structure of CNTs and Cu is used as interconnects. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation of the interface is conducted in order to evaluate mechanical integrity of CNT-Cu composite material. CNT-Cu interface has been studied by simulating different arrangements of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) at the interface of a Cu slab. Displacement controlled loading has been applied to pull-out CNTs from the interface with Cu while Cu is spatially fixed. Pull-out forces have been determined for several different cases where multiple CNT strands interfaced with Cu slab. Pull-out force vs. displacement curve has been recorded for each case. The results show similar behavior of these curves. After pull-out force reaches a maximum value, it oscillates around an average force with descending amplitude until the strand/s is/are completely pulled-out. A linear relationship between pull-out forces and the number of CNT strands was observed. When multiple layers of CNTs were studied at the interface of Cu, second order effect was found to be negligible. Embedded length has no significance on the average pull-out force. However, the amplitude of oscillations increases as the length of CNT strand increases. As expected when one end of CNT strand was fixed, owing to its extraordinary strength, substantial amount of force was required to pull it out. Finally an analytical relationship is proposed to determine the interfacial shear strength between Cu and CNT bundle in interconnects.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
A search for equilibrium states

An efficient search algorithm is described for the location of equilibrium states in a search set of states which differ from one another only by the choice of pure phases. The algorithm has three important characteristics: (1) it ignores states which have little prospect for being an improved approximation to the true equilibrium state; (2) it avoids states which lead to singular iteration equations; (3) it furnishes a search history which can provide clues to alternative search paths.
The Work of Art in the Age of Mediated Participation: Crowdsourced Art and Collective Creativity

Online crowdsourced art is the practice of using the Internet as a participatory platform to directly engage the public in the creation of visual, musical, literary, or dramatic artwork, with the goal of showcasing the relationship between the collective imagination and the individual artistic sensibilities of its participants. Discussing key examples and analyzing this artistic practice within multiple theoretical frameworks, this article fills a critical gap in the study of contemporary art and participatory culture by developing a typology of online crowdsourced art and exploring the levels of artistic participation. In view of its reliance on the artistic contribution of a large pool of geographically disperse participants, this type of art raises important questions about notions of collective creativity, authorship, and the aesthetic significance of digital participation.
The Roots and Fruits of Social Status in Small-Scale Human Societies

Since humans have lived in small-scale societies for the majority of their existence, investigation of the determinants and reproductive outcomes of status acquisition in these societies can help elucidate the origins of status psychology. In even the most egalitarian foragers and horticulturalists, interindividual differences in physical size, production skill, generosity, or social support produce disparity in men’s political influence and mating opportunity. The reproductive advantages of status not only include higher fertility from privileged access to marriage partners and extramarital affairs but also better survival of offspring. The emergence of hereditary inequality and stratification by social class only exacerbated the rewards to status. The ethnographic record suggests status acquisition has long been subject to positive selection.
Effects of Dietary Feeding of Aflatoxin B1 on Ribosomal RNA Metabolism in Rat Liver

After 1 week of dietary feeding of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (1 or 10 ppm) to male Fischer rats, sucrose gradient analysis revealed decreases in the incorporation of [3H]orotic acid in vivo into 45 S hepatic nRNA and decreased concentration (A260) of 28 S nRNA when compared with controls fed an identical diet minus AFB1. Sucrose gradient analysis of hepatic microsomal rRNA showed decreases of a similar magnitude in labeling in vivo and in A260 of 28 S rRNA. Labeling and A260 of the 18 S rRNA were unchanged. Assay of RNA polymerase I activity in isolated hepatic nuclei demonstrated that this enzyme activity was not diminished in rats fed the AFB1 diet from that of the controls. Feeding of AFB1 for 1 to 6 weeks resulted in progressive decreases in A260 of 28 S nRNA and in both label and A260 in microsomal 28 S rRNA. These effects are time and dose related, since 1 week of a diet containing 10 ppm produced changes in nuclear and ribosomal 28 S RNA similar to those observed after 4 to 6 weeks of a diet containing 1 ppm. Sixteen hr after a single injection of AFB1 (1 mg/kg i.p.), the same defects in RNA metabolism occurred as described above for 1 ppm for 4 to 6 weeks and 10 ppm for 1 week. In contrast to the chronic feeding studies, after an acute injection these effects eventually disappear. These data suggest that early progressive lesions in the maturation of hepatic 28 S rRNA are produced during chronic feeding of a diet containing AFB1. Such defects in processing of ribosomal precursor RNA may be a characteristic feature of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
Results from the cosmic background explorer

COBE has produced significant new scientific findings and results in the past year. The DMR instrument reported detections of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. The DMR data are consistent with power law spectrum of Gaussian initial fluctuations with the quadrupole-normalized amplitude of Qrms–PS = 17±3 μK and a power law index n = 1.1 ± 0.6. These data are supportive of models of structure formation through gravitational instability.