cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unemployment Misery Reduction Prowess under Post-War Presidents

This paper attempts to compare the performance of all post-war presidents since Eisenhower in the context of reduction of unemployment by comparing the Beveridge curve tradeoffs between Help Wanted Index and unemployment rates. We consider monthly data and measure the output of the economy as gross value of industrial production to define the output labor ratio. A new production function model estimates distinct "friction scale elasticities,'' marginal elasticities and elasticities of substitution under various presidents. These are placed in the context of economic policy assessed by the misery index (unemployment plus inflation). We provide new isoquant maps with distinct appearances for different presidents. This paper is an extension of Vinod (2012) which focuses only on George W. Bush and Obama.
Aspergillus Overlap Syndromes

Aspergillus causes a variety of clinical syndromes that are influenced by the patients’ immune status and lung function and structure. Whilst these syndromes (such as chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, Aspergillus sinusitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis – ABPA – and invasive aspergillosis) tend to have their unique clinical, serological, and radiological presentations, there are rare situations where these may overlap, co-exist or even progress from one entity to another. There are limited reports of patients with ABPA who developed cavities or fungal balls, or progressed to invasive aspergillosis. Also some patients may have ABPA and allergic Aspergillus sinusitis. Aspergillus species may also play a role in the pathogenesis of other conditions such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis, mucoid impaction in bronchi, and bronchocentric granulomatosis. These conditions have similar features to the classic Aspergillus-related syndromes. The Aspergillus overlap syndromes may be coincidental, as a result of specific host and fungal factors, or reflect the possibility that the Aspergillus-related syndromes represent a spectrum of the same disease rather than separate entities. Knowledge about the Aspergillus overlap syndromes may decrease the need for extensive investigations to exclude other conditions, which may have an impact on the management and follow up of patients with Aspergillus-related lung diseases. In this chapter the different Aspergillus related overlap scenarios reported in the literature are described, emphasising the clinical features and outcome of these patients.
γ-aminobutyric acid type A α4, β2, and δ subunits assemble to produce more than one functionally distinct receptor type.

Native γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors consisting of α4, β1–3, and δ subunits mediate responses to the low, tonic concentration of GABA present in the extracellular milieu. Previous studies on heterologously expressed α4βδ receptors have shown a large degree of variability in functional properties, including sensitivity to the transmitter. We studied properties of α4β2δ receptors employing free subunits and concatemeric constructs, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, HEK 293 cells, and cultured hippocampal neurons. The expression system had a strong effect on the properties of receptors containing free subunits. The midpoint of GABA activation curve was 10 nM for receptors in oocytes versus 2300 nM in HEK cells. Receptors activated by the steroid alfaxalone had an estimated maximal open probability of 0.6 in oocytes and 0.01 in HEK cells. Irrespective of the expression system, receptors resulting from combining the tandem construct β2-δ and a free α4 subunit exhibited large steroid responses. We propose that free α4, β2, and δ subunits assemble in different configurations with distinct properties in oocytes and HEK cells, and that subunit linkage can overcome the expression system-dependent preferential assembly of free subunits. Hippocampal neurons transfected with α4 and the picrotoxin-resistant δ(T269Y) subunit showed large responses to alfaxalone in the presence of picrotoxin, suggesting that α4βδ receptors may assemble in a similar configuration in neurons and oocytes.
Embedded photonic eigenvalues in 3D nanostructures

Subwavelength layered plasmonic nanospheres can be tuned to excite specific scattering resonances with infinite lifetimes.
Excimer Laser Planarization of Diamond Films

The planarization of rough polycrystalline diamond films synthesized by DC arc discharge plasma jet CVD was attempted using KrF excimer laser pulses. The effects of laser incidence angle and reaction gases (ozone and oxygen) on etching rate were studied. The temperature change of diamond and graphite with different laser fluences was calculated by computer simulation to explain the etching behavior of diamond films. The calculated threshold energy density for etching of pure crystalline diamond was about 1.7 J/cm2. However, the threshold energy density was affected by the angle of laser incidence. Preferential etching of a particular crystallographic plane was observed through scanning electron microscopy. The etching rate of diamond with ozone was lower than that with oxygen. Also, the etching rate of diamond films at normal laser incidence was lower than that of films tilted at 45° for laser fluences above 2.3 J/cm2. When the angle of incidence was 80° to the diamond surface normal, the peak-to-valley surface roughness was significantly reduced, from 30 μm to 0.5μm.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Airplane Auxiliary Power.

Deployed on a commercial airplane, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells may offer emissions reductions, thermal efficiency gains, and enable locating the power near the point of use. This work seeks to understand whether on-board fuel cell systems are technically feasible, and, if so, if they could offer a performance advantage for the airplane when using today’s off-the-shelf technology. Through hardware analysis and thermodynamic simulation, we found that an additional fuel cell system on a commercial airplane is technically feasible using current technology. Recovery and on-board use of the heat and water that is generated by the fuel cell is an important method to increase the benefit of such a system. Although the PEM fuel cell generates power more efficiently than the gas turbine generators currently used, when considering the effect of the fuel cell system on the airplane’s overall performance we found that an overall performance penalty (i.e., the airplane will burn more jet fuel) would result if using current technology for the fuel cell and hydrogen storage. Although applied to a Boeing 787-type airplane, the method presented is applicable to other airframes as well.
Shape of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: symptom trajectory and predictors of change

Objective Multilevel growth analysis was used to establish the mean growth trajectory (shape of change) for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth with anxiety disorders. Two-level growth analysis was conducted to identify important between-youth predictors of session-by-session symptom change. Method Fifty-five youth (ages 7-17; 50.9% male) and their parents participated in a 16- to 20-week CBT that emphasized affective, cognitive, and exposure-based exercises. Multilevel growth models (MLMs) were estimated to model session symptom data taking into account an "anxiety spike" hypothesized to occur at initiation of exposure sessions. Three models were compared: a cubic curve, a log-linear curve plus an exposure covariate, and a linear curve plus exposure covariate. Two-level MLM examined the effect of demographic traits (sex, age, race/ethnicity), pretreatment symptom severity, comorbid school refusal, early treatment factors (use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication, therapeutic alliance, treatment attrition), and pretreatment coping (engagement, disengagement, and involuntary coping). Results Fit indices provided support for the cubic growth model using either parent or youth anxiety data. Level 2 analysis identified youth age, symptom severity (anxiety, externalizing), early attrition, and engagement and disengagement coping as significant predictors of symptom trajectories. Predictors accounted for 34%-37% of between-youth variance in midtreatment anxiety scores. Conclusions Findings suggest that the symptom course of CBT, and the effect of between-youth factors on treatment outcomes, is more complex than previously thought. Educating therapists and clients about findings can aid treatment expectations and dissemination efforts of empirically supported treatments.
Cyber-physical Energy Harvesting through Flow-Induced Oscillations of a Rectangular Plate

The dynamics of a flat plate undergoing flow-induced oscillations in a uniform airflow have been investigated experimentally using a cyber-physical system, which integrates a real-time feedback control algorithm to simulate the desired structural dynamics. The feedback control scheme utilizes the angular position and velocity measurements as inputs to the virtual system to numerically simulate the dynamics of an elastically mounted flat plate on a virtual spring-damper system. A series of experiments were conducted using two different sized rectangular plates (AR=3.5 and 5.3), and over a range of free-stream velocities (10 m/s ∼ 25 m/s), and simulated stiffness (0<k∗ v<1.5) and damping (0.01<bv<0.56), where the non-dimensionalization is based on inertial fluid characteristics. The Reynolds number, based on the chord length of the plates, were in the order of O(10) to O(10). In this paper, we demonstrate our cyber-physical system’s robust capability to simulate the effects of varying torsional spring stiffness and linear damping, confirm that inertial scalings of the system stiffness and damping are appropriate, and quantify the system’s modest abilities to harvest energy from a steady airflow.
Inhibitory effect of ammonium sulfate on columbia SK virus propagation in mouse ascites tumor cells in vitro.

SummaryAn inhibitory effect of ammonium sulfate on Col SK virus propagation in in vitro cultures of mouse ascites tumor cells has been described. The effect was observed on virus synthesis, HA production, and CPE. Single cycle virus growth experiments showed that ammonium sulfate was apparently effective even at the later stage of the latent period. The effect was limited to the HA-positive strain of Col SK virus; the HA-negative strain of Col SK virus and a neurotropic virus (LCM, strain NY#621) were completely resistant to the ammonium ion in the same system.
Abstract B24: Identification of immunosuppressive networks in colon cancer

Despite important improvements over the past two decades in preventive screening and targeted therapies, colorectal cancer remains the third major cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. The majority (~85%) of colon cancer tumors are non-immunogenic, i.e. they lack a significant number of infiltrating cytotoxic T cells, and are typically unresponsive to the new immune-checkpoint inhibitor based therapies that have dramatically changed the way we treat many cancer patients. These non-immunogenic colon cancer tumors are also characterized by chromosome instability and are microsatellite stable (MSS). Microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors present a greater variety of antigens and are significantly more immunogenic. We analyzed the paired mRNA and microRNA RNA-Seq expression profiles contained in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), representing MSS colon cancer, MSI colon cancer, and normal colon tissues. These expression profiles reflect the heterogeneity of the tumor samples, with MSI samples showing distinct immune cell signatures. Integrative analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression patterns revealed signaling networks that may represent, in part, the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells modulate the host response to create an immune privileged microenvironment. These findings could result in a novel therapeutic avenue, targeting a tumor9s ability to suppress the immune response, addressing a critical barrier to treatment for non-immunogenic tumors. Citation Format: Anne E. Sarver, Aaron L. Sarver, Subbaya Subramanian. Identification of immunosuppressive networks in colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B24.
General chemistry students' conceptual understanding and language fluency: acid–base neutralization and conductometry

The objective of this study was to examine college general chemistry students' conceptual understanding and language fluency in the context of the topic of acids and bases. 115 students worked in groups of 2–4 to complete an activity on conductometry, where they were given a scenario in which a titration of sodium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid was tracked by measuring electrical conductivity. Students were asked to write a balanced equation for the reaction, provide a particulate level drawing of the reactants and products, write a net ionic equation for the reaction, predict how electrical conductivity would change with the addition of sodium hydroxide to the acid, provide a sketch of their prediction, and explain their sketch. As students worked on the activity, conversations in their groups were audio recorded. Their written responses and audio conversations were analyzed to decipher conceptual understanding and language fluency. Results showed widespread lack of conceptual understanding as well as a lack of language fluency. Students struggled with very basic ideas regarding acid–base chemistry, such as identifying the right species involved in the neutralization reaction, and providing symbolic and sub-microscopic representations (an aspect of the language of chemistry) of the acid–base reaction. Most students could not accurately predict how electrical conductivity would change as the neutralization reaction progressed. None of the groups provided an accurate sketch depicting the trend of electrical conductivity. Most of the groups did not correctly apply acid–base neutralization ideas to the context of conductometry, indicating that students were not able to transfer knowledge of acid–base neutralization to this new context.
The comorbidity of ADHD in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to investigate the comorbid presence of ADHD in a population of children diagnosed with ASD in a nationally representative sample. Comorbidity estimates range widely, with estimates as low as 37% and as high as 78%. Methods The data were drawn from the Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services (Pathways), a nationally representative survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers of Disease Control, and Prevention (CDC) in 2011. Analysis of variance and chi square analysis were used to test for significant differences between groups comprised of children with ASD; ASD + ID, ASD + ADHD, and ASD + ADHD + ID. Results In a population of children diagnosed with ASD, the rate of ADHD + ASD was 42% and the rate of ADHD + ASD + ID was 17%, resulting in a 59% total comorbidity rate of ADHD and ASD. Statistically significant differences in age when parents first wondered about problems with development, age when medical assistance was first sought, and age of reported ASD diagnosis were found between the ASD + ADHD and all other groups, with the ASD + ADHD being older. Average age at diagnosis was over 6 years for children with ASD + ADHD but close to 2.5 years for children with ASD only. Conclusions The study of a nationally representative sample helps to elucidate prevalence rates but also raises questions about early identification and diagnosis when symptoms of both disorders are present. The findings point to the need for future research to understand why comorbidity is associated with delays in the age when medical assistance is sought.
EPILOGUE: THE CHALLENGE OF HIGH AUTONOMY SYSTEMS

This chapter discusses the challenges of high autonomy systems. Autonomy, the power of self-determination, seems to imply intelligence, given the need to survive in a not-so-benign real world. As an engineering goal, seeking higher autonomy can be broken down into specific requirements in particular contexts, such as—reducing the need for human intervention and supervision in remote, hazardous environments; relieving humans of attending to complex procedures not directly related to their primary objectives; and providing knowledgeable assistance in executing higher level decision-making functions. Architecture for autonomous systems has been proposed, which includes management, coordination, and execution layers, and needs not just one, but many, models on which to base its operation, diagnosis, repair, and planning. These models differ in level of abstraction and in formalism. Those used in planning and diagnosis are typically symbolic and developed with artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Those at the lower levels of abstraction are typically numeric and come from classical control theory. However, both types of models are needed to take a high level plan all the way down to implementation as a series of agent actions. Thus, a key requirement for achieving high autonomy systems is the systematic development and integration of dynamic and symbolic models at the different layers. Knowledge-based simulation offers an ideal environment for designing and testing systems with increased autonomy.
Women’s Naked Protest in Africa: Comparative Literature and Its Futures

The publication of The Report on the State of the Discipline by the American Comparative Literature Association constitutes a prime opportunity for new theories, interpretive frameworks, and methods. I highlight the importance of fieldwork for Comparative Literature for two reasons: that it offers us the opportunity to make contact with certain marginalized groups, those with no access to the conventional channels of knowledge production, but whose lives get impacted (in)directly by our academic initiatives; and that given disciplinary specificities such as language abilities and the international experiences of comparativists, Comparative Literature offers uniquely promising possibilities for developing a theory of fieldwork in the Humanities. I make this argument based on my investigation of women’s naked protests in Africa and the scarcity of less mediated archives that give us access to the women’s thoughts and emotions, hence the necessity of fieldwork to complement news reports and other social science materials and to broaden the scope of literary criticism.
The Actions of Colleges, Universities, and Their Members

This chapter offers a fine-grained examination and explanation of specific actions of organizations and specific behaviors of organizational members (i.e., faculty and administrators). In large part, these actions and behaviors are responses, initially, to formal external policies and to external conditions: accountability and accreditation demands, government funding constraints and government initiatives and legislation, and environmental conditions such as population demographics (e.g., ethnic diversity) and political movements (e.g., Occupy movement).
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Incidence and Demographics in a National Administrative Database.

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Incidence and Demographics in a National Administrative Database Daniel Osei;Andrew Groves;Kerry Bommarito;Wilson Ray; Neurosurgery
The Young Turks’ crime against humanity: The Armenian genocide and ethnic cleansing in the Ottoman Empire/The fall of the Ottomans: the Great War in the Middle East

The centenary of the First World War has seen an upsurge of publications dealing with nearly every aspect of the conflict – many of them covering hitherto under-studied regional dimensions of the w...
A comprehensive investigation of natural convection inside a partially differentially heated cavity with a thin fin using two-set lattice Boltzmann distribution functions

Abstract Natural convection occurs in many engineering systems such as electronic cooling and solar collectors. Nusselt number (Nu) is one of the most important parameters in these systems that should be under control. This investigation is a comprehensive heat transfer analysis for partially differentially heated cavities with a small thin fin mounted on the hot wall of the cavity to increase or decrease the Nu. A Boussinesq approximation was utilized to model the buoyancy-driven flow. Two sets of distribution functions for the lattice Boltzmann method are used to resolve the continuity, momentum and energy equations. A total of 180 cases were analyzed to determine the average maximum and minimum Nu for the hot section of the cavity. For the cases investigated, the hot and cold sections were assumed to comprise approximately 30% of the vertical walls. After obtaining the velocity and temperature distributions for the cavity, three different Rayleigh numbers, i.e., 104, 105 and 106, were used to provide streamlines and isotherms for a number of cases. The average and normalized Nusselt numbers were then computed and compared graphically for all of the cases investigated. The results indicated that by choosing the appropriate position for the fin, the average Nu could be increased by more than 150%.
The STIM-Orai Pathway: Light-Operated Ca 2+ Entry Through Engineered CRAC Channels.

Ca2+ signals regulate a plethora of cellular functions that include muscle contraction, heart beating, hormone secretion, lymphocyte activation, gene expression, and metabolism. To study the impact of Ca2+ signals on biological processes, pharmacological tools and caged compounds have been commonly applied to induce fluctuations of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. These conventional approaches, nonetheless, lack rapid reversibility and high spatiotemporal resolution. To overcome these disadvantages, we and others have devised a series of photoactivatable genetically encoded Ca2+ actuators (GECAs) by installing light sensitivities into a bona fide highly selective Ca2+ channel, the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. Store-operated CRAC channel serves as a major route for Ca2+ entry in many cell types. These GECAs enable remote and precise manipulation of Ca2+ signaling in both excitable and non-excitable cells. When combined with nanotechnology, it becomes feasible to wirelessly photo-modulate Ca2+-dependent activities in vivo. In this chapter, we briefly review most recent advances in engineering CRAC channels to achieve optical control over Ca2+ signaling, outline their design principles and kinetic features, and present exemplary applications of GECAs engineered from CRAC channels.
A K-Means Approach to Clustering Disease Progressions

K-means algorithm has been a workhorse of unsupervised machine learning for many decades, primarily owing to its simplicity and efficiency. The algorithm requires availability of two key operations on the data, first, a distance metric to compare a pair of data objects, and second, a way to compute a representative (centroid) for a given set of data objects. These two requirements mean that k-means cannot be readily applied to time series data, in particular, to disease progression profiles often encountered in healthcare analysis. We present a k-means inspired approach to clustering disease progression data. The proposed method represents a cluster as a set of weights corresponding to a set of splines fitted to the time series data and uses the "goodness-of-fit" as a way to assign time series to clusters. We use the algorithm to group patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) based on their disease progression profiles. A qualitative analysis of the representative profiles for the learnt clusters reveals that this simple approach can be used to identify groups of patients with interesting clinical characteristics. Additionally, we show how the representative profiles can be combined with patient's observations to obtain an accurate patient specific profile that can be used for extrapolating into the future.
Positive lyapounov exponents for most energies

Consider the ID lattice Schrodinger operator $$H = \lambda \cos (2\pi n^\rho \omega + \theta )\delta _{nn'} + \Delta$$ (1) with 1 < ρ < 2 and define $$\gamma (E,\lambda )\mathop {\underline {\lim } }\limits_{N \to \infty } \frac{1}{N}\int_\mathbb{T} {\log } \left\| {\prod\limits_N^0 {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c}{E - \lambda cos(2\pi n^\rho \omega + \theta ) - 1} \\{10} \\\end{array} } \right)} } \right\|d\theta$$ . If λ > 2, M. Herman’s [H] argument implies that γ(E,λ)≥log λ/2 >0, for all E. We are interested here in small λ and show that for all E∈Eλ⊂[−2,2] $$mes([ - 2,2]\backslash \mathcal{E}_\lambda )\xrightarrow{{\lambda \to 0}}0$$ (2) we have that γ(E, λ) > 0. See Proposition 4.
Structural disorder and elementary magnetic properties of triangular lattice ErMgGaO4 single crystals

Abstract The single crystal growth, structure, and basic magnetic properties of ErMgGaO4 are reported. The structure consists of triangular layers of magnetic ErO6 octahedra separated by a double layer of randomly occupied non-magnetic (Ga,Mg)O5 bipyramids. The Er atoms are positionally disordered. Magnetic measurements parallel and perpendicular to the c axis of a single crystal reveal dominantly antiferromagnetic interactions, with a small degree of magnetic anisotropy. A weighted average of the directional data suggests an antiferromagnetic Curie Weiss temperature of approximately −30 K. Below 10 K the temperature dependences of the inverse susceptibilities in the in-plane and perpendicular-to plane directions are parallel, indicative of an isotropic magnetic moment at low temperatures. No sign of magnetic ordering is observed above 1.8 K, suggesting that ErMgGaO4 is a geometrically frustrated magnet.
Laser Angiography to Assess the Vaginal Cuff During Robotic Hysterectomy.

Background and objectives Vaginal cuff dehiscence may be a vascular-mediated event, and reports show a higher incidence after robot-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy (RATLH), when compared with other surgical routes. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using laser angiography to assess vaginal cuff perfusion during RATLH. Methods This was a pilot feasibility trial incorporating 20 women who underwent RATLH for benign disease. Colpotomy was made with ultrasonic or monopolar instruments, whereas barbed or nonbarbed suture was used for cuff closure. Time of instrument activation during colpotomy was recorded. Images were captured of vaginal cuff perfusion before and after cuff closure. Reviewers evaluated these images and determined areas of adequate cuff perfusion. Results Indocyanine green (ICG) was visible at the vaginal cuff in all participants. Optimal dosage was determined to be 7.5 mg of ICG per intravenous dose. Mean time to appearance for ICG was 18.4 ± 7.3 s (mean ± SD) before closure and 19.0 ± 8.7 s after closure. No significant difference (P = .19) was noted in judged perfusion in open cuffs after colpotomy with a monopolar (48.9 ± 26.0%; mean ± SD) or ultrasonic (40.2 ± 14.1%) device. No difference was seen after cuff closure (P = .36) when a monopolar (70.9 ± 21.1%) or ultrasonic (70.5 ± 20.5%) device was used. The use of barbed (74.1 ± 20.1%) or nonbarbed (66.4 ± 20.9%) sutures did not significantly affect estimated closed cuff perfusion (P = .19). Decreased cuff perfusion was observed with longer instrument activation times in open cuffs (R2 = 0.3175). Conclusion Laser angiography during RATLH allows visualization of vascular perfusion of the vaginal cuff. The technology remains limited by the lack of quantifiable fluorescence and knowledge of clinically significant levels of fluorescence.
Examination of Structure and Bonding in 10-Coordinate Europium and Americium Terpyridyl Complexes.

M(TpyNO2)(NO3)3(H2O)·THF (M = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Am; TpyNO2 = 4′-nitrophenyl terpyridyl) have been prepared from the reaction of M(NO3)3·nH2O with TpyNO2 in THF. Structural analysis shows that the...
The influence of racial discrimination on smoking among young black men: A prospective analysis.

Racial discrimination is a documented risk factor for smoking among Black men; mechanisms of effect and protective processes remain to be investigated. This study examined the mediating effect of a...
Predictors of psychological distress in low-income mothers over the first postpartum year

Up to 25% of postpartum women experience psychological distress including stress, depressive, or anxiety symptoms during the postpartum period. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which social determinants of health and allostatic load score, a 10-item index of biologic measures of chronic stress, predict psychological distress in low-income pregnant women over the first postpartum year. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Child Community Health Research Network data set. The psychological distress outcome variables were perceived stress (n = 842), depression ( n = 845), and anxiety ( n = 846) symptoms, all measured categorically over the first year postpartum (T1:1 month, T2: 24-29 weeks, and T3: 50-65 weeks). Our predictors were social determinants of health (e.g., demographics, maternal hardship, percent poverty level, interpersonal violence, and food security) and allostatic load score. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine which predictors were significantly associated with psychological distress symptoms across the first postpartum year. Interpersonal violence was a statistically significant risk factor for stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms over the first year postpartum. Other significant risk factors included low-income level, nativity, and perceived food security. Receiving food stamps was a significant protective factor for stress symptoms. The significance of risk factors for psychological distress, both modifiable and nonmodifiable, can be used as potential targets for further research, screening, and intervention. Future work should explore why and in what conditions these risk factors vary over time.
Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3

A murine monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein (GP)IIIa was prepared by immunization with a GPIIb- and GPIIIa-enriched Triton X-114 extract of platelet membranes. This antibody, designated AP-3, was shown by indirect immunoprecipitation to react solely with GPIIIa derived from either P1A1-positive or -negative individuals. The epitope on GPIIIa recognized by AP-3 is expressed on dissociated GPIIIa as well as on Ca+2-dependent complexes of GPIIb and GPIIIa, as shown by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence or absence of EDTA. A previously described monoclonal antibody specific for the GPIIb/IIIa complex (AP-2) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, collagen, or arachidonic acid (Pidard et al, J Biol Chem 258:12582-12586, 1983). In contrast, AP-3 had no effect on aggregation induced by any of these reagents, a finding similar to that previously reported for the GPIIb-specific monoclonal antibody, Tab (McEver et al, J Clin Invest 66:1311-1318, 1980). At saturation, 40,200 AP-3 molecules were bound per platelet, a value similar to that obtained for AP-2 or Tab. Thus, data derived using AP-3 indicate that significant amounts of free GPIIIa are not present, thereby supporting the hypothesis that GPIIb and GPIIIa exist complexed in a 1:1 stoichiometry in the plasma membrane of intact, nonactivated platelets.
The analysis of the voriconazole treatment of leukemia children with invasive pulmonary fungal infection

Objective:According to analyzing 19 cases of children with acute leuk emia and invasive fungal infections,the author tried to point out the efficacy and safety of the Voriconazole treatment of leukemia children with invasive pulm onary fungal infection. Methods:All patients after diagnosis were given Voricon azole treatment,the mild with voriconazole oral(7 mg/kg·h),the severe with v oriconazole intravenous(7 mg/kg,once per 12 hours),the treatment lasts 2 weeks or 2 mont hs. Results:The total efficiency is 89%,drug side effects were light,and Votiv onazole had good tolerance and sequential good. Conclusion:Voriconazole is safe and effective for teating leukemia children with invasive pulmonary fungal infe ction.
In-situ calibration of laser/galvo scanning system using dimensional reference artefacts.

Abstract Laser powder bed fusion systems use a high-power laser, steered by two galvanometer (galvo) mirrors to scan a pattern on metal powder layers. Part geometric tolerances depend on the positioning accuracy of the laser/galvo system. This paper describes an in-situ calibration technique utilizing a camera coaxially aligned with the laser imaging a dimensional reference artefact. The laser positions are determined from the images captured by the camera while scanning the artefact. The measurement uncertainty is estimated using simulations. The in-situ calibration results are compared with the results obtained from the typical ‘mark and measure’ galvo calibration method.
Slowly Conducting Accessory Pathway

A young woman with a permanent form of reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) underwent an electrophysiology procedure. Most likely locations of the AP are discussed.
To Procure or Not to Procure: Hospitals Face Significant Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Organ Donation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

McGuire et al.’s paper highlights many of the ethical issues hospitals are facing during the COVID-19 pandemic surrounding the issues of just resource allocation and the rationing of scarce critica...
Barriers and Facilitators to Recognition of Child Trafficking in Emergency Departments

Background: Children who are victims of sex or labor trafficking may seek medical care in Emergency Departments (EDs). We sought to determine barriers and facilitators to recognition by ED providers of such children when they present for emergency care. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A voluntary, online, anonymous survey was sent to Emergency Department providers at academic institutions in Portland OR (CARES Northwest), St. Louis, MO (Washington University School of Medicine), Rochester MN (Mayo Clinic), Atlanta GA (Emory School of Medicine) and New Haven CT (Yale School …
Recording of DNA-binding events reveals the importance of a repurposed Candida albicans regulatory network for gut commensalism.

Summary Candida albicans is a fungal component of the human gut microbiota and an opportunistic pathogen. C. albicans transcription factors (TFs), Wor1 and Efg1, are master regulators of an epigenetic switch required for fungal mating that also control colonization of the mammalian gut. We show that additional mating regulators, WOR2, WOR3, WOR4, AHR1, CZF1, and SSN6, also influence gut commensalism. Using Calling Card-seq to record Candida TF DNA-binding events in the host, we examine the role and relationships of these regulators during murine gut colonization. By comparing in-host transcriptomes of regulatory mutants with enhanced versus diminished commensal fitness, we also identify a set of candidate commensalism effectors. These include Cht2, a GPI-linked chitinase whose gene is bound by Wor1, Czf1, and Efg1 in vivo, that we show promotes commensalism. Thus, the network required for a C. albicans sexual switch is biochemically active in the host intestine and repurposed to direct commensalism.
Radiography of the Mesentery

Radiologic evaluation of the mesentery is best performed with cross sectional imaging, most commonly CT. MRI and ultrasound exams are indicated in some conditions and the technique is tailored to the clinical question. Plain films, angiography and nuclear scintigraphy are reserved for specific indications. CT is most commonly performed with oral and intravenous contrast enhancement and multiplanar reconstructions are routinely performed by the technologist whereas 3D reconstructions are performed for CT angiograms by specially trained technologists. Some exams require patient preparation and have relative contraindications. These concepts and the roles of each of these exams is discussed in this brief chapter.
Effect of Duration of Olive Storage on Chemical and Sensory Quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oils.

This work considered the influence of the duration of olive storage on the chemical and sensory properties of extra virgin olive oil. In total, 228 batches of olives collected during three successive crop seasons were sampled in seven industrial mills; information about olive batches (variety, harvest date) was collected, together with the produced oils. Four classes of storage times were considered: ≤24 h, 2–3 days, 4–6 days, ≥7 days. The oils’ quality parameters free acidity, peroxide number and K232 increased significantly as storage duration increased, while phenolic content decreased significantly, with a resulting effect on oil stability. The fatty acid composition was not affected by the olive storage period, while α-tocopherol, lutein and β-carotene content decreased as storage duration lengthened. Finally, the main positive sensory attributes (olive fruity, green notes, bitter and pungency) underwent a statistically significant reduction with the increase in storage duration, while the intensity of defects increased, suggesting that the duration of olive storage has an important effect on the quality of the final oil.
Present Status of Polyunsaturated Fats in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

The hypocholesterolemic action of polyunsaturated vegetable fats as a replacement for animal fat in the diet of both man and experimental animals has been repeatedly demonstrated over the last 25 years1–5. Studies by numerous investigators have shown this effect to be attributable to three main factors: 1) a decrease in saturated fat; 2) a decrease in dietary cholesterol and 3) an increase in polyunsaturated fat particularly linoleic acid. This paper will review briefly the efficacy and mechanisms by which dietary polyunsaturated fats lower blood lipids in man as well as the rationale for current dietary recommendations for the use of polyunsaturated fat for the prevention of coronary heart disease.
Cancer imaging biomarker assessment for prediction of early response to chemotherapy

1720 Objectives A widely used criteria for noninvasive quantitation of cancer-therapy response is CT RECIST, however CT cannot provide physiological information. In this study, performance of FDG PET and CT imaging biomarkers as predictors of therapy response were compared. Methods Eleven patients with solid malignancies (Lung, Breast and Colorectal) received a baseline (BL) PET/CT [Discovery ST (GE)] scan before therapy, an early therapy assessment (ETA) scan 2-4 weeks after starting therapy, and a clinical follow-up (FU) scan in 3-6 months. Diagnostic PET-CT scans were performed using 15 mCi F-18 FDG with 1 hour of uptake. All sets of patient images were registered. FDG SUV values and CT linear dimensions (size) were calculated. Results Patients were classified as responders or non-responders, based on a comparison of the BL and FU scans. On average, at the FU time point the responders had (FU CT size)/(BL CT size) = 0.40 and (FU SUV)/(BL SUV) = 0.13. For non-responders these values were 1.81 and 1.1, respectively. At the ETA time point the responder group average (ETA CT size) / (BL CT size) = 0.61 and (ETA SUV)/(BL SUV) = 0.39. For non-responders these values were 1.26 and 0.97, respectively. Additionally, some responders showed no CT change at ETA while showing significant SUV decrease. Conclusions Non-responders could be distinguished from responders as those not showing FDG uptake reduction at ETA compared to BL. FDG PET is a more sensitive test than CT for early classification of response. Research Support This research was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute, Cancer Center Support Grant Supplement Award, Imaging Response Assessment Teams (IRAT).
Deriving Transformers from Knowledge Organized as a Society of Agents

A learning program should be capable of organizing the knowledge that it acquires. This organization is necessary not only for the efficient retrieval of relevant knowledge but also for application of the knowledge to situations that are similar but not identical to the situation in which the knowledge was acquired. The “Society of Mind”[Minsky, 1988] provides a framework for organization of knowledge embodied as agents. In this paper, we describe a program that constructs transformers from closely related agents. A transformer abstracts the difference between two related agents. Since the transformer represents a property of the domain, it can be used under different circumstances to obtain a new agent from an existing one. These two agents are related in the same way as the two agents of the original pair. We also discuss how the same methods can be used to abstract differences between transformers to form transformer-transformers and so on. Finally, we examine the links that transformers have to other AI paradigms such as analogical reasoning, level-band theories of memory and generalization.
PEBBL: an object-oriented framework for scalable parallel branch and bound

Parallel Enumeration and Branch-and-Bound Library (PEBBL) is a C++ class library implementing the underlying operations needed to support a wide variety of branch-and-bound algorithms on MPI-based message-passing distributed-memory parallel computing environments. PEBBL can be customized to support application-specific operations, while managing the generic aspects of branch and bound, such as maintaining the active subproblem pool across multiple processors, load balancing, and termination detection. PEBBL is designed to provide highly scalable performance on large numbers of processor cores. We describe the basics of PEBBL’s architecture, with emphasis on the features most critical to is high scalability, including its flexible two-level load balancing architecture and its support for a synchronously parallel ramp-up phase. We also present an example application: the maximum monomial agreement problem arising from certain machine learning applications. For sufficiently difficult problem instances, we show essentially linear speedup on over 6000 processor cores, demonstrating a new state of the art in scalability for branch-and-bound implementations. We also show how processor cache effects can lead to reproducibly superlinear speedups.
Cyclic nucleotides, calcium, and cell division.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nature of the intracellular compounds resulting from external application of cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The chapter discusses the importance of cAMP in cell division. HTC hepatoma cells have been shown to be devoid of cAMP when grown in tissue culture situations. Because they grow and divide well, it is clear that cAMP cannot be necessary for any fundamental aspect of the physiology of cell division in cycling cells. In addition, dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP) added to cultures of HTC hepatoma cells (or cells of the normal rat liver line RLC1) do not inhibit growth, although in the hepatomas H35 and MH1C1 inhibition is observed. The chapter also discusses the average values of cAMP in cells as a function of environment and culture state. The cAMP levels vary depending on whether the cells show density-dependent inhibition (DDI) or growth under ordinary culture conditions (high cAMP) or whether they form a multilayer (low cAMP). Viral transformation and increased saturation density are generally associated with a decrease in cAMP levels usually correlated therefore with increased growth potential.
Chapter 11 - Total Synthesis of Lipid I and Lipid II: Late-Stage Intermediates Utilized in Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis

Cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors have dominated treatment regimens for the management of bacterial infections. Two of the most widely used classes of antibiotics—namely, β-lactams and glycopeptides—derive their antibacterial activity through the inhibition of key steps in the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis cascade. The emergence of bacterial resistance to these agents has begun to erode their once dependable clinical efficacy and has heightened the urgency for the identification and development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Advances in biochemistry and bacterial genomics have facilitated the isolation and purification of the enzymes utilized in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The isolation of the cell wall precursors from natural sources has proven difficult and is impractical for securing quantities necessary to enable detailed mechanistic study. A program has been directed toward the synthesis of lipid I and lipid II; late-stage intermediates utilized in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Bacterial peptidoglycan consists of a network of β-[1,4]-linked carbohydrate polymers that are cross-linked through pendant pentapeptide chains. In the recognition of the difficulty in obtaining lipid intermediates in quantities to facilitate detailed mechanistic study of the peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzymes, an effort has been directed toward a chemical synthesis of both lipid I and lipid II. Several technical challenges had to be addressed to reach the target compounds. These challenges and their solutions are discussed this chapter.
Automated Determination of Serum Ceruloplasmin Activity with o-Dianisidine Dihydrochloride as Substrate

An automated method for the enzymatic determination of ceruloplasmin with o -dianisidine dihydrochioride as substrate is described. The method enables the measurement of 30 samples per hour with a coefficient of variation (day-to-day) of 2.8%. Results correlate well ( r = 0.99) with those obtained by the corresponding manual method.
Robust computation of image-motion and scene-depth

A new framework is described for computing image flow from time-varying imagery and recovering scene-depth from image flow. In this framework, image flow information available in the time-varying imagery is classified into two categories-conservation information and neighborhood information. Each type of information is recovered in the form of an estimate accompanied by a covariance matrix. Image flow is then computed, along with confidence measures, by fusing the two estimates on the basis of their covariance matrices. Dense depth-maps are computed from image flow using Kalman filtering. >
A new laparoscopic myomectomy technique for intramural fibroids penetrating the uterine cavity.

Abstract Objective. To evaluate laparoscopic removal of intramural leiomyomata uteri penetrating the uterine cavity, with compression of the uterine isthmic vessels, repair of the endometrial defect, and reconstruction of the myometrium in three layers. Study Design, 32 selected patients with penetrating intramural leiomyomata uteri were subjected to a new laparoscopic myomectomy technique. Conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy, feasibility and safety of surgical technique, length of operation, hemoglobin loss, intra- and postoperative complications, and length of stay in hospital were evaluated. Results. All laparoscopic myomectomy attempts were completed laparoscopically without blood transfusion. The operative time ranged from 127 min to 246 min, (mean 163 min). The mean hemoglobin fall was 0.74 g/ml and no intraoperative nor postoperative complication was observed. The average postoperative hospital stay was 7.5 h. Conclusion. This operation is safe, shows good reconstructive outcome, and offers an alternative approach to laparotomy, with all advantages of major surgery being executed through minimal access.