cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of new shapes for higher gradients

Abstract High-gradient superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are needed for energy frontier superconducting accelerators. Progress has been made over the past decades and the accelerating gradient Eacc has been increased from a few MV/m to ∼42 MV/m in SRF niobium cavities. The corresponding peak RF magnetic field Hpk on the niobium cavity surface is approaching the intrinsic RF critical magnetic field Hcrit,RF, a hard physical limit at which superconductivity breaks down. Pushing the gradient envelope further by adopting new cavity shapes with a lower ratio of Hpk/Eacc has been recently proposed. For a reduced Hpk/Eacc, a higher ultimate Eacc is sustained when Hpk finally strikes Hcrit,RF. The new cavity geometry include the re-entrant shape conceived at Cornell University and the so-called “Low-loss” shape proposed by a DESY/JLAB/KEK collaboration. Experimental work is being pursued at Cornell, KEK and JLAB. Results of single-cell cavities are encouraging. A record gradient of 47 MV/m was first demonstrated in a 1.3 GHz re-entrant niobium cavity at Cornell University. At the time of writing, a new record of 52 MV/m has been realized with another 1.3 GHz re-entrant cavity, designed and built at Cornell and processed and tested at KEK. Single-cell low-loss cavities have reached equally high gradients in the range of 45–51 MV/m at KEK and JLAB. Owing to their higher gradient potential and the encouraging single-cell cavity results, the new cavity shapes are becoming attractive for their possible use in the international linear collider (ILC). Experimental work on multi-cell niobium cavities of new shapes is currently under active exploration.
Quantification of theobromine and caffeine in saliva, plasma and urine via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: A single analytical protocol applicable to cocoa intervention studies

Targeted analyses of clinically relevant metabolites in human biofluids often require extensive sample preparation (e.g., desalting, protein removal and/or preconcentration) prior to quantitation. In this report, a single ultra-centrifugation based sample pretreatment combined with a designed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) protocol provides selective quantification of 3,7-dimethylxanthine (theobromine) and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine) in human saliva, plasma and urine samples. The optimized chromatography permitted elution of both analytes within 1.3 min of the applied gradient. Positive-mode electrospray ionization and a triple quadruple MS/MS instrument operated in multiple reaction mode were used for detection. (13)C(3) isotopically labeled caffeine was included as an internal standard to improve accuracy and precision. Implementing a 20-fold dilution of the isolated low MW biofluid fraction prior to injection effectively minimized the deleterious contributions of all three matrices to quantitation. The assay was linear over a 160-fold concentration range from 2.5 to 400 micromol L(-1) for both theobromine (average R(2) 0.9968) and caffeine (average R(2) 0.9997) respectively. Analyte peak area variations for 2.5 micromol L(-1) caffeine and theobromine in saliva, plasma and urine ranged from 5 and 10% (intra-day, N=10) to 9 and 13% (inter-day, N=25) respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision of theobromine and caffeine elution times were 3 and <1% for all biofluids and concentrations tested. Recoveries for caffeine and theobromine ranged from 114 to 118% and 99 to 105% at concentration levels of 10 and 300 micromol L(-1). This validated protocol also permitted the relative saliva, plasma and urine distribution of both theobromine and caffeine to be quantified following a cocoa intervention.
A specific viral DNA sequence is stably integrated in herpesvirus oncogenically transformed cells

Abstract The integration patterns of viral DNA sequences in three hamster embryo cell lines independently derived by transformation with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) have been investigated by DNA blot hybridization analyses for the restriction enzymes Eco RI, Bgl II, Xba I and Bam HI with 32 P-labeled selected DNAs from a collection of cloned EHV-1 restriction enzyme fragments as probes. These EHV-1-transformed cell lines contained subgenomic portions of the viral genome in an integrated state at multiple sites in the host genome. At least one copy of a viral DNA sequence mapping colinearly from 0.32 to 0.38 map units within the EHV-1 genome was common among these three EHV-1 transformed cell lines. The 0.32–0.38 viral DNA sequence was maintained stably even after 125 cell passages, whereas sequences from other positions in the EHV-1 genome were lost progressively during continued cell passage. The significance of the findings that these oncogenically transformed cell lines harbor a specific region of the EHV-1 genome is discussed with regard to stable maintenance of the oncogenically transformed state.
A background correction for energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis of thin sections

The ionization cross-section of Kramers and the Thomson–Whiddington law have been used in the development of a background correction for quantitative electron microprobe analysis of thin sections employing an energy-dispersive X-ray detector. An expression has been derived which describes the X-ray continuum emitted from a thin specimen while being irradiated with an energetic beam of electrons. The functional form of the expression describing the emitted continuum reduces to the equation derived by Kramers when specimen absorption is neglected. Theory demonstrates that for specimens of 2140 A in thickness, a maximum difference of 16% exists between the continuum intensities predicted assuming absorption and neglecting absorption when working at an operating potential of 15 kV. Generally good agreement between the predicted emitted continuum and that measured from aluminum thin films is found.
A rotating annular chromatograph for continuous separations

Preparative, multicomponent liquid chromatographic separations have been achieved by using a slowly rotating annular sorbent bed with fixed multiple feed points and fixed product withdrawal locations. The cation exchange separation of copper, nickel, and two cobalt complexes has been extensively used to study the effects of rotation rate, eluent rate, bed loading, and column size on separation performance. Experimental results have been compared with three theoretical models: plate theory, an analytical solution which incorporates multicomponent Langmuir isotherms, and an extension of the analytical solution to include dispersion effects. 7 figures.
Capsaicin cough sensitivity in bronchiectasis

Background: Bronchiectasis is a suppurative airway disease characterised by persistent cough and sputum production associated with bronchial dilatation. A study was undertaken to determine whether cough sensitivity is increased in bronchiectatic patients. Methods: Twenty two patients with bronchiectasis and 20 healthy non-smoking controls matched for age and sex were recruited into the study. Quality of life (Leicester Cough Questionnaire score), total cough symptom score, and extent of bronchiectasis on HRCT scans were recorded. Cough sensitivity was assessed using incremental inhalation of capsaicin concentrations; the concentration at which 5 or more coughs occurred (C5) was recorded. Results: Patients with bronchiectasis had increased sensitivity to capsaicin compared with controls (mean (SE) log 10 C5 1.22 (0.20) v 1.89 (0.21); p r = 0.64; p = 0.005) and inversely with the total cough symptom score ( r = −0.58; p = 0.004), but not with the extent of the disease. It also correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) in litres ( r = 0.58; p = 0.005) but not with FEV 1 % predicted. Capsaicin sensitivity was not related to the presence of infected sputum or to corticosteroid or bronchodilator use. Conclusions: : Patients with bronchiectasis have a sensitive cough reflex which reflects the severity of cough symptoms. A measure of cough severity could be part of health assessment for patients with bronchiectasis.
Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Isoforms in Petunia Have Distinct Functions in Pollen Tube Growth, Including Regulating Polarity

Calcium is a key regulator of pollen tube growth, but little is known concerning the downstream components of the signaling pathways involved. We identified two pollen-expressed calmodulin-like domain protein kinases from Petunia inflata, CALMODULIN-LIKE DOMAIN PROTEIN KINASE1 (Pi CDPK1) and Pi CDPK2. Transient overexpression or expression of catalytically modified Pi CDPK1 disrupted pollen tube growth polarity, whereas expression of Pi CDPK2 constructs inhibited tube growth but not polarity. Pi CDPK1 exhibited plasma membrane localization most likely mediated by acylation, and we present evidence that suggests this localization is critical to the biological function of this kinase. Pi CDPK2 substantially localized to as yet unidentified internal membrane compartments, and this localization was again, at least partially, mediated by acylation. In contrast with Pi CDPK1, altering the localization of Pi CDPK2 did not noticeably alter the effect of overexpressing this isoform on pollen tube growth. Ca(2+) requirements for Pi CDPK1 activation correlated closely with Ca(2+) concentrations measured in the growth zone at the pollen tube apex. Interestingly, loss of polarity associated with overexpression of Pi CDPK1 was associated with elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) throughout the bulging tube tip, suggesting that Pi CDPK1 may participate in maintaining Ca(2+) homeostasis. These results are discussed in relation to previous models for Ca(2+) regulation of pollen tube growth.
Eukaryotic transcription factor binding sites—modeling and integrative search methods

A comprehensive knowledge of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) is important for a mechanistic understanding of transcriptional regulation as well as for inferring gene regulatory networks. Because the DNA motif recognized by a transcription factor is typically short and degenerate, computational approaches for identifying binding sites based only on the sequence motif inevitably suffer from high error rates. Current state-of-the-art techniques for improving computational identification of binding sites can be broadly categorized into two classes: (1) approaches that aim to improve binding motif models by extracting maximal sequence information from experimentally determined binding sites and (2) approaches that supplement binding motif models with additional genomic or other attributes (such as evolutionary conservation). In this review we will discuss recent attempts to improve computational identification of TFBS through these two types of approaches and conclude with thoughts on future development. Contact: sridharh@pcbi.upenn.edu
Effects of representational distance between meanings on the neural correlates of semantic ambiguity.

Psycholinguistic research demonstrates that representational distance between meanings influences recognition of ambiguous words. Our goal was to investigate whether the neural correlates of ambiguity are also modulated by representational distance as a function of syntactic similarity (i.e., grammatical class) and meaning dominance. In an event-related fMRI experiment, participants completed a visual lexical decision task that included balanced and unbalanced noun–noun and noun–verb homonyms, unambiguous words, and nonwords. Syntactic similarity effects were observed in left inferior frontal regions, with greater activation for noun–verb than noun–noun homonyms. Meaning dominance effects were observed in left middle and superior temporal regions, with greater activation for balanced than unbalanced homonyms. These findings indicate that the behavioral cost associated with processing ambiguous word meanings, modulated by syntactic similarity and meaning dominance, is reflected in the neural systems underlying ambiguity processing, as frontal and temporal regions are recruited by increased competition as a function of representational distance.
Role over Person: Justifying Teacher Action and Decisions 1 , 2

Abstract: Buchmann, M. 1987. Role over Person: Justifying Teacher Action and Decisions. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 31, 1‐21. The paper discusses competing norms for justifying actions and decisions in teaching and their effects on the enacted curriculum and teacher learning. It draws on philosophical analyses of justification and an interpretation of teaching as moral action to argue that a personal orientation (centering on personal practice, feeling, or beliefs) removes teacher actions and decisions from the realm of criteria for judging appropriateness. For purposes of illustrating the significance of competing norms in teaching, excerpts from interviews with 20 elementary school teachers are analyzed to identify teacher orientations (personal versus role) and justifications (emphasis on the teacher, the student, or the curriculum). Empirical studies and philosophical arguments suggest that a personal orientation in teaching cuts teaching off from its moral roots, affecting both teach...
NADH oxidase-dependent CD39 expression by CD8 + T cells modulates interferon gamma responses via generation of adenosine

Interferon gamma (IFNγ)-producing CD8(+) T cells (Tc1) play important roles in immunological disease. We now report that CD3/CD28-mediated stimulation of CD8(+) T cells to generate Tc1 cells, not only increases IFNγ production but also boosts the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and augments expression of CD39. Inhibition of NADPH oxidases or knockdown of gp91phox in CD8(+) T cells abrogates ROS generation, which in turn modulates JNK and NFκB signalling with decreases in both IFNγ levels and CD39 expression. CD39(+)CD8(+) T cells substantially inhibit IFNγ production by CD39(-)CD8(+) T cells via the paracrine generation of adenosine, which is operational via adenosine type 2A receptors. Increases in numbers of CD39(+)CD8(+) T cells and associated enhancements in ROS signal transduction are noted in cells from patients with Crohn's disease. Our findings provide insights into Tc1-mediated IFNγ responses and ROS generation and link these pathways to CD39/adenosine-mediated effects in immunological disease.
Protection Against Zinc Deficiency by Prior Excess Dietary Zinc in Young Japanese Quail

Three experiments were designed to determine whether an excess of zinc during the first week of life would afford any protection to young Japanese quail during a subsequent period of zinc deprivation. Day-old birds of both sexes were fed an adequate purified diet containing soybean protein with requirement (25-30 mg/kg of diet) or higher levels of zinc for 1 week. The zinc level was reduced during the second week to the deficient level of 1mg/kg of diet, except for the controls which continued to receive an adequate or higher level of zinc (25, 30 or 75 mg/kg of diet). With this low zinc intake, birds that received an initial level of zinc in excess of requirement grew significantly better (body weight and length of primary wing feathers) than those that initially received the required amount of zinc. Data on zinc content of liver, breast muscle, tibia and whole body retention suggest that bone may store zinc consumed in excess of requirement and that this zinc may be available for utilization during a subsequent period of zinc deprivation in a growing animal that has rapidly remodeling bones.
Comment on current issues and a ‘wish list’ for conjoint analysis: Comments

Conjoint analysis is one of the most celebrated tools in Marketing, and its widespread use (not just widespread publication history) has been one of the greatest success stories in Marketing/Business of the academic and practitioner interface. In this article, I provide a wish-list, of sorts, summarizing current cutting-edge research that is trying to fill some holes, and other issues that I ‘wish’ were trying to be filled.By literally using a list-like statement, current answer, and wish-list format for this article, I hope to provide guidance to both academics and practitioners as to the areas for future important conjoint research. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of Pairing Sensory and Social Skills Instruction to Improve the Social Participation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Date Presented 4/16/2015 Pairing social and sensory activities can be a useful intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), resulting in improved generalization in the natural social environment. Improvement in social competence of the individual will encourage peer acceptance and development of positive peer relationships.
Edoxaban: A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacology and Clinical Data for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism

Historically, vitamin K antagonists have been the only class of oral anticoagulants available. Despite our experience with warfarin over the past 60 years, its use is associated with several pharmacokinetic and clinical disadvantages including unpredictable dosing, frequent monitoring, and delayed onset and offset. Edoxaban, an oral direct Xa inhibitor, may provide clinicians with an additional option in patients requiring chronic anticoagulation. This review examines the pharmacology and clinical data of edoxaban as a therapeutic alternative.
New frontiers

New frontiers imply departures from the past. In the next two decades the data processing industry can be expected to face challenges very different from those of the last 15 years. These new frontiers will require a new way of thinking, different kinds of leaders than are now being developed, and administrative organizational forms lying in the opposite direction from the present path of corporate evolution.
Neurologic Manifestations of Lyme Disease

The chronic neurologic symptoms and signs in 27 patients with previous signs of Lyme disease and current evidence of immunity to Borrelia burgdorferi are reported from the Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Management of Complications Following Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy

Nipple preservation is increasingly performed during therapeutic or prophylactic mastectomy; however, both short- and long-term complications can compromise the benefit of improved cosmetic outcome. Adverse events specific to nipple-sparing mastectomy are nipple ischemia and nipple-areolar complex malposition. Nipple ischemia most typically manifests with partial thickness epidermolysis or incomplete nipple-areolar complex loss that can be managed with expectant wound care alone. Typically, there is minimal eventual impact on reconstructive outcome. Nipple malposition, however, is a difficult problem that negates the major positive benefits of nipple-sparing mastectomy. This can be challenging to correct and typically requires surgical revision with breast mound repositioning, crescent mastopexy, local tissue flaps, pedicle transposition, free-nipple grafting, and excision with delayed reconstruction are all potential options. Contralateral symmetry procedures can improve the overall cosmetic result. As is often the case, prevention with careful planning and precise technique at the initial operation is the best way to avoid complications following NSM.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ANTIKORUPSI BERBASIS MEDIA KARTU PADA SISWA PRA-VOKASIONAL

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui Bagaimana mengembangkan model pembelajaran Antikorupsi Berbasis Media Kartu Untuk Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Kejujuran Sejak Usia Dini Pada Siswa SMP; 2) mengetahui bagaimana desain model pembelajaran Antikorupsi Berbasis Media Kartu Untuk Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Kejujuran Sejak Usia Dini Pada Siswa SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan. Pengembangan perangkat lunak yang berupa model pembelajaran yang menggunakan permainan kartu untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa mengenai pembelajaran korupsi ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan engineering dimana tahapannya adalah: analisis, desain, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dari instrumen analisis kebutuhan, sedangkan data kuantitatif diperoleh dari hasil lembar analisis kebutuhan, lembar ahli materi, dan ahli media. Pengembangan media kartu anti korupsi sebagai media pembelajaran melalui tiga tahapan antara lain : a) analysis dengan menganalisis kebutuhan, analisis karakteristik,analisis materi, serta analisis tujuan. b) design yaitu merancang konsep, merancang perangkat pengembangan, membuat rancangan produk, dan revisi dan validasi produk. c) development yaitu memproduksi produk sampai finishing. Desain model pembelajaran anti korupsi menggunakan kartu sebagai media pembelajaran ditambah dengan aplikasi berbasis mobile yang mendukung permainan kartu. Perangkat lunak dirancang dengan tujuan untuk mempermudah permainan. Mencari kunci jawaban dengan mudah tanpa harus menggunakan buku panduan dalam bentuk hardcopy. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian diperoleh rerata skor penilaian sangat valid baik oleh Ahli Media dan Ahli Materi. Kata Kunci : Anti Korupsi, Nilai Kejujuran, Media Kartu
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Disrupts Kir4.1 Channel Expression Resulting in Müller Cell Dysfunction in the Retina.

Purpose Diabetic patients often are affected by vision problems. We previously identified diabetic retinopathy (DR) as a disease of clock gene dysregulation. TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, is known to be elevated in DR. Muller cells maintain retinal water homeostasis and K+ concentration via Kir4.1 channels. Notably, Kir4.1 expression is reduced in diabetes; however, the interplay of TNF-α, Kir4.1, and clock genes in Muller cells remains unknown. We hypothesize that the Kir4.1 in Muller cells is under clock regulation, and increase in TNF-α is detrimental to Kir4.1. Methods Long-Evans rats were made diabetic using streptozotocin (STZ). Retinal Kir4.1 expression was determined at different time intervals. Rat Muller (rMC-1) cells were transfected with siRNA for Per2 or Bmal1 and in parallel treated with TNF-α (5-5000 pM) to determine Kir4.1 expression. Results Kir4.1 expression exhibited a diurnal rhythm in the retina; however, with STZ-induced diabetes, Kir4.1 was reduced overall. Kir4.1 rhythm was maintained in vitro in clock synchronized rMC-1 cells. Clock gene siRNA-treated rMC-1 exhibited a decrease in Kir4.1 expression. TNF-α treatment of rMCs lead to a profound decrease in Kir4.1 due to reduced colocalization of Kir4.1 channels with synapse-associated protein (SAP97) and disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that Kir4.1 channels possess a diurnal rhythm, and this rhythm is dampened with diabetes, thereby suggesting that the increase in TNF-α is detrimental to normal Kir4.1 rhythm and expression.
Phrase truncation in PubMed searches.

Comment on Duffy S, de Kock S, Misso K, Noake C, Ross J, Stirk L. Supplementary searches of PubMed to improve currency of MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process searches via Ovid. J Med Libr Assoc. 2016 Oct;104(4):309–12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.104.4.011 .
Optimizing Success for the Underperforming Resident

The authors outline steps in identifying, clarifying, and addressing deficiencies in resident performance. Performance issues are most commonly identified via direct observation of clinical skills, standardized cognitive or clinical assessments, and critical incidents or complaints. When underperformance is identified, an educational formulation should include the nature and extent of the deficiencies and any contributing factors. A remediation plan should be targeted to the deficits and clearly outline the expected performance outcomes, as well as the prescribed learning activities and any adjustments to the resident’s regular schedule, the process for monitoring and feedback, timetable and criteria for reassessment, and consequences for not achieving the expected standards. The authors review the parameters of a good learning climate that include clear expectations and performance standards, consistent and accurate feedback, and perceived accuracy and fairness of performance feedback and assessment and discuss the challenges of the nonreflective learner. Lastly, the authors discuss the legal context of underperformance and recommendations for sound due process.
Identifying novel applications of dialectical behavior therapy: considering emotion regulation and parenting

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an effective treatment for an increasing number of mental disorders. Its increased application to a range of disorders has been prompted by the recognition that DBT targets emotion dysregulation, which is a transdiagnostic feature underlying several forms of psychopathology. More recently, DBT has been used to target additional clinically relevant domains that are outside diagnostically bound categories, such as improving parenting quality as a means of preventing psychopathology in children of parents with psychopathology. As the ability to regulate emotions is critical to parenting, this paper uses the connection between DBT, emotion regulation, and parenting as an illustration of how focusing on mechanistic features by which DBT is effective aids in strategically identifying areas by which DBT may be a highly useful treatment option.
Impacts of the Madden–Julian Oscillation on Storm-Track Activity, Surface Air Temperature, and Precipitation over North America

AbstractIn this study, the intraseasonal variations in storm-track activity, surface air temperature, and precipitation over North America associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in bor...
Opamp Topologies for Oversampled Converters

Operational amplifiers play a critical role in delta-sigma modulators. The impacts of the nonlinearities of the opamps on the modulator performance were studied extensively[Medeirand Perez-Verdu, 1994, Boser and Wooley,1988, Hauser and Broderson, 1986, Bishop et al., 1990]. These studies are carried out without assuming any particular opamp topology. Nonidealities such as finite gain, finite slew rate and finite gain bandwidth were incorporated into the linearized Z-domain expression of the modulator and/or into the time-domain difference equation. The former approach is suitable for the analytical study while the latter is suitable for the computer simulation. It was found that the modulator can tolerate incomplete settling provided that the settling is linear. This assumption, however, is only valid if a perfect class AB opamp is used where the transient period is not slew-rate limited. Several authors have studied the effect of the finite slew rate on the modulator performance. However, all of them assumed a simple slew rate formula based on class A opamps. Since any practical opamp can not supply infinitely large current, the transient process is more or less slew-rate limited no matter of what kind of opamp is used. This limitation results in input voltage-dependent settling behavior, which directly degrade the modulator performance. Therefore, the importance of a better understanding of the transient process for the different opamps can not be overlooked.
Fusion Reactor Development: A Review

This paper is a review of the current prospects for fusion reactor development based upon the present status in plasma physics research, fusion technology development and reactor conceptual design for the tokamak magnetic confinement concept. Recent advances in tokamak plasma research and fusion technology development are summarized. The direction and conclusions of tokamak reactor conceptual design are discussed. The status of alternate magnetic confinement concept research is reviewed briefly. A feasible timetable for the development of fusion reactors is presented.
Pain assessment in paediatric intensive care: the Italian COMFORT behaviour scale.

BACKGROUND Assessment of pain in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is crucial to minimise the risks of inadequate sedation. AIM To translate and validate the Italian version of the COMFORT behaviour scale (CBS) in a PICU in terms of its psychometric, construct, feasibility and reproducibility properties. METHOD Before and after tracheal suctioning, 71 observations were performed on 35 sedated and mechanically ventilated patients in three PICUs. Pain and distress were assessed using the CBS and the Nurse Interpretation of Sedation Score (NISS). RESULTS Interrater agreement and interrater reliability were high before the procedure and moderate after (pre: 100%, Cohen's kappa = 1; post: 79%, Cohen's kappa = 0.558). The scale's internal consistency was calculated before and after the procedure (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81 and 0.91). Agreement between the CBS and the NISS was low before and after the procedure (20% and 28%). The agreement between the tools was low because the NISS, a tool based on expert opinion, is not as precise as the CBS and could be affected by cultural biases. CONCLUSION The Italian version of the CBS proved to be valid and reproducible for the objective measurement of pain and distress in a wide age range of patients admitted to PICUs.
Does Oil Market Volatility Earn OPEC a Risk Premium

The question is examined whether OPEC is in a position to collect a risk premium to effectively insure others against a macroeconomic downturn, which may, in turn, result from a rise in the price of crude oil. Contingent exchange is modeled such that parties whose consumption is elastic with respect to aggregate consumption hedge; they pay risk premia to smooth consumption. Parties whose consumption is inelastic or negatively related to aggregate consumption collect risk premia. OPEC’s revenues are estimated, insofar as they are explained by OPEC’s cartel pricing, to be strongly negatively related to aggregate consumption. Insofar as they are explained by exogenous macroeconomic changes, they are highly inelastic with respect to the aggregate. Either way, OPEC is in a strong position to collect a risk premium from volatility in the market for crude oil. This may incent it to destabilize the market, which would lower macroeconomic output because of the asymmetric effects of oil prices on the macroeconomy.
Diuretic use in incident ESKD: Are we out of the loop?

In this issue of the Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology , Sibbel et al. ([1][1]) examined the association of loop diuretic continuation with clinical outcomes after maintenance hemodialysis initiation among >11,000 patients with incident ESKD. In this large. observational cohort
Narratives of Doctorally Prepared Nursing Faculty on Tenure Track: A Pilot Study.

Abstract Background The process of transitioning to academia as a new faculty on tenure-track is complex. During a global nursing shortage and the rising number of nursing faculty needed, careful attention must be given to the consideration of retaining nursing faculty. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the experiences of DNP and PhD prepared faculty on tenure-track in academia through narrative stories. Methods A qualitative narrative design was used to explore doctorally prepared nursing faculty experiences with tenure-track. Viewed through the lens of postmodern feminism, 19 participants shared stories related to being a professional in academia striving for tenure status. Results Five themes of PhD and DNP faculty experiences on tenure-track were found: These themes existed under an umbrella storied pattern of needfulness. The interpreted themes included: (1) the ability to develop meaningful partnerships, (2) a necessity to balance responsibilities, (3) Destructive criticism is real, (4) I have value in academia, and (5) multifaceted coaching to produce achievement. Conclusion The needs among faculty on tenure-track in nursing are similar, despite the achievement of a DNP or PhD. This emphasizes the necessity of uniformity related to appreciation and utilization of faculty, regardless of terminal degree.
Intersection of Cultural and Religious Beliefs About Mental Health: Latinos in the Faith-Based Setting:

Introduction:Hispanics/Latinos utilize mental health care at a rate that is about half that of non-Hispanic Whites. Stigma and cultural and religious values play a significant role in mental health...
Abstract 348: Epigenetic Regulation in Heart Regeneration

Existing treatments for myocardial infarction (MI) include Medication, intervention, and surgical bypass. These strategies are mainly used to prevent disease progression, but do not address the fun...
Why the Static Allometry of Sexually-Selected Traits Is So Variable: The Importance of Function

Sexually-selected traits often show positive static allometry, with large individuals bearing disproportionately large structures. But many other sexually-selected traits show isometry or even negative allometry, with trait size varying relatively little with body size. We recently proposed that the functions of these traits (as aggressive signals, weapons, courtship signals, and contact courtship devices) determine their allometries. Positive allometry is generally favored for aggressive signals because aggressive signals are selected to emphasize body size (and thus fighting prowess). In contrast, the biomechanics of force application in weapons only sometimes select for positive allometry; the content of courtship signals is even less often related to body size; and contact courtship devices are selected to be relatively invariant across body sizes. Here we summarize the arguments in favor of this "functional allometry" hypothesis and expand a comparative test of its predictions. Our results indicate that sexual traits have the allometric slopes predicted by our hypothesis, regardless of which body part bears the structure.
Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli Presence in Environmental Samples Collected from 4 Different Meat Processing Plants in Honduras

ObjectivesTo create a baseline of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) presence in meat processing facilities in Honduras.Materials and MethodsSwab samples from tables, saws, equipment, knifes, aprons, walls, floors, drains, tubs, baskets, axes, boots, carts, hands, weighs and shelves were sampled in 4 different meat processing plants in Honduras. Plants A and B have an implemented HACCP system, while plants C and D have no food safety system in place. Surfaces were swabbed with pre-hydrated sponges, and all sponge samples were subjected to BAX STEC screening after enrichment. Presumptive positives underwent immunomagnetic separation for the serotype of interest and were plated onto modified Rainbow Agar. Individual colonies were confirmed through slide agglutination. Procedures of R (v3.3.2) were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere was no significant difference (P = 0.93) in the STEC presence among the 4 plants. The prevalence of STEC in environmental samples in plants A, B, C and D was 7.3% (4/55), 10.0% (4/40), 7.1% (1/14) and 11.1% (3/27), respectively. The use of HACCP as a food safety management system did not influence (P = 0.97) the prevalence of STEC in environmental samples.ConclusionThe USDA-FSIS currently recommends that establishments test food contact surfaces for STEC (or virulence markers), and if the surface is found positive then the product that came in direct contact with those surfaces may be considered adulterated. Hence, it is crucial that meat plants maintain strict sanitation regimes for decontamination of environmental surfaces that may act as reservoirs for STEC. A reassessment of sanitation and HACCP plans in plants A and B is urgent, given that the system is not currently eliminating environmental STEC, while the development and implementation of food safety systems is needed in facilities C and D to protect public health in Honduras.
Resurgence of punishment-suppressed cocaine seeking in rats.

Alternative reinforcement-based treatments are among the most effective for reducing substance abuse. However, relapse often occurs when alternative reinforcement ends. Relapse following the loss of alternative reinforcement is called resurgence. An animal model has been used to study basic factors that may ultimately reduce resurgence but uses drug unavailability (i.e., extinction) to reduce drug seeking. In humans, drug abstinence is thought to be a product of aversive consequences associated with drug use rather than extinction. This discrepancy is important because the environmental and neurobiological factors involved in relapse may differ between punished and extinguished behavior. Experiment 1 evaluated resurgence of previously punished cocaine seeking. In Phase 1, rats earned cocaine for pressing levers. In Phase 2, cocaine remained available, but lever pressing also produced mild foot shocks while an alternative response produced food pellets for 1 group but not for another group. In Phase 3, alternative reinforcement and punishment were removed and resurgence of cocaine seeking occurred only in rats previously exposed to alternative reinforcement. In Experiment 2, resurgence was evaluated similarly, except that consequences of cocaine seeking (i.e., punishment and cocaine) remained available during Phase 3. Resurgence did not occur in either group during Experiment 2. The animal models of resurgence developed herein could increase translational utility and improve examination of the environmental and neurobiological factors underlying resurgence of drug seeking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Low-Loss Aerosol-Jet Printed Wideband Interconnects for Embedded Devices

This article presents a hybrid process to fabricate chip-to-board interconnects for microwave and millimeter-wave applications. It is a four-step process: 1) cavities are etched in a copper-backed organic substrate [liquid crystal polymer (LCP)]; 2) active and passive devices are mounted in the cavity using a soldering or adhesive material; 3) spacing between the chip and the cavity edge is filled using a UV curable epoxy; and 4) interconnects are formed between the chip pad and the substrate using aerosol-jet printed silver ink. Cavities in the LCP substrate are etched using a wet process, which is simple to implement and allows parallel processing of multiple cavities. Aerosol printing allows custom patterning of interconnects to achieve good impedance transition between the chip and the transmission lines on the LCP substrate. The filler material and the associated structures are first characterized up to 40 GHz. A 0-dB attenuator is utilized to characterize the interconnect process followed by the demonstration of an embedded amplifier using fully printed transmission lines, RF interconnects, and dc biasing. In addition, aerosol printing is utilized for the rework of damaged interconnects. The proposed embedded active process demonstrated is simple to implement and low-cost and provides an approach to design wideband interconnects. An existing shortcoming of the embedded process is the metal contact to the semiconductor substrate at the edge leading to the formation of a Ag/GaAs Schottky contact, which can be eliminated by depositing a thin dielectric film on the exposed semiconductor region.
Black-White Disparities in Moves to Assisted Living and Nursing Homes Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries.

Objectives Investigate black-white disparities in older adults' moves to assisted living and nursing homes and draw from the Andersen Healthcare Utilization Model to test explanations for any disparities. Methods Data are from a nationally representative sample of older community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries from the 2015 (N = 5,212) National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). We use stepwise multinomial logistic regression to examine black-white disparities in moves out of community housing to assisted living or a nursing home over 2 years, before and after adjusting for predisposing (age, gender), enabling (income, housing tenure, Medicaid, living arrangement) and need (activities of daily living [ADL] limitation, physical capacity, self-rated health, and dementia) factors. Results Black older adults are less likely to move to assisted living and are more likely to move to a nursing home compared to white older adults. Black-white disparities in moves to nursing homes are explained by black-white differences in enabling and need factors, whereas black-white disparities in moves to assisted living remain even after adjusting for enabling and need factors. Discussion Unmeasured factors related to systemic racism (e.g., residential racial segregation, racial discrimination) and/or black-white differences in care preferences might further explain black-white disparities in moves to assisted living and warrant further investigation.
Quantitative Molecular-Level Understanding of Electrochemical Aluminum-Ion Intercalation into a Crystalline Battery Electrode

Few materials are known to electrochemically intercalate trivalent aluminum cations, a charge storage mechanism central to rechargeable aluminum-ion battery electrodes. Here, using the chevrel phas...
Working at scale to initiate ongoing validation of learning trajectory-based classroom assessments for middle grade mathematics

Abstract The paper reports on the design and validation argument for classroom assessments within a digital diagnostic assessment system built on learning trajectories (LTs). It consists of a learning map of nine big ideas, 25 relational learning clusters, and 62 LTs for grades 6−8 mathematics. Students take cluster assessments, and teachers use the data to adapt instruction. An ongoing validation process is presented with data for an algebra cluster. Validation among practitioners, learning scientists, and psychometricians is conceptualized as examining and adjusting inter-level, intra-level, and construct-irrelevant variation in measures of item difficulty and deploying item response theory modeling followed by sequential regressions. Using data from 37,000 assessments collected over three years at 3 middle schools, 167 potentially non-conforming items of the 676 calibrated items (24 %) were identified and revised. The paper discusses how the trajectories and map were refined through a combination of data analysis and feedback from practitioners.
Prevalence of chronic pain after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background The reported prevalence of chronic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) varies widely due, in part, to differences in the taxonomy of chronic pain. A widely used classification system is available to describe subcategories of chronic pain in SCI, but the prevalence of chronic pain in SCI based on this system is unknown. Objective The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the prevalence of chronic pain after SCI based on the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain (ISCIP) classification system. Evidence review A comprehensive search of databases from January 1980 to August 2019 was conducted. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified tool developed for uncontrolled studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess certainty in prevalence estimates. Findings A total of 1305 records were screened, and 37 studies met inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of overall chronic pain was 68% (95% CI 63% to 73%). The pooled prevalence of neuropathic pain in 13 studies was 58% (95% CI 49% to 68%); the pooled prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in 11 studies was 56% (95% CI 41% to 70%); the pooled prevalence of visceral pain in 8 studies was 20% (95% CI 11% to 29%) and the pooled prevalence of nociceptive pain in 2 studies was 45% (95% CI 13% to 78%). Meta-regression of risk of bias (p=0.20), traumatic versus non-traumatic etiology of injury (p=0.59), and studies where pain was a primary outcome (p=0.32) demonstrated that these factors were not significant moderators of heterogeneity. Certainty in prevalence estimates was judged to be low due to unexplained heterogeneity. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis extends the findings of previous studies by reporting the prevalence of chronic pain after SCI based on the ISCIP classification system, thereby reducing clinical heterogeneity in the reporting of pain prevalence related to SCI.
Identifying the Next High-Growth Economies

This note is an introduction to using macroeconomics in evaluating the long-term growth prospects of emerging markets. Methodologically, it is an application of growth theory, the Solow model in particular, and it gives students the opportunity to practice reading and interpreting the data of international macroeconomics. The textbook Solow growth model and its basic extensions align well with how investors and policymakers think about forecasting growth and stagnation in emerging markets. However, using public data to measure everything that affects Solow factors is not trivial or necessarily possible, so the note explains the broader, but nonetheless “Solow” approach, of Ruchir Sharma at Morgan Stanley. The note provides data on direct and indirect “canary in the coalmine” growth factors. Classes using the note should center on the question, how do we find the next BRICs? The note is designed as a practical follow-up to growth theory in a first year MBA course, but it would also be appropriate for use in a master's or advanced undergraduate course on growth, emerging markets, or international finance. Excerpt UVA-GEM-0169 Rev. Jan. 24, 2019 ­ Identifying the Next High-Growth Economies In 2001, British economist Jim O'Neill, head of global economic research for Goldman Sachs in London, established the now-famous acronym “BRIC” to refer to the strong growth potential in the economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. He wrote, “In all four scenarios, the relative weight of the BRICs rises from 8.0% [of world GDP] at present (in current US dollars) to 14.2%…In each of these scenarios, the increasing weight is led by China, although the other three grow relative to the G7 countries also.” O'Neill was correct. From 2001 to 2014, the annual average PPP-adjusted real GDP growth rates in Brazil, Russia, India, and China were 5.3%, 6.2%, 8.7%, and 8.9%, respectively. Over the same period, the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany grew at average rates of 1.7%, 1.6%, and 2.1%, respectively. . . .
Marriage or Profession? Marriage and Profession? Marriage Patterns Among Highly Successful Women of Jewish Descent and Other Women in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century German-Speaking Central Europe

This study analyzes the marriage patterns of five hundred highly successful women in modern German-speaking Central Europe. Among the women at the very top of their professions, women of Jewish descent were more likely than non-Jewish women to marry while they pursued their careers. The results of our quantitative study—67.6 percent of women of Jewish descent married versus 51.6 percent of non-Jewish women—provide a unique body of data that complements and contributes to other research that identifies distinctive aspects of Central European Jewish life patterns: the high number of Jewish women university students, the importance of women of Jewish descent in a number of fields, and Jewish families as early adopters of a modern family form with a small number of children and intensive investment in each child.
The Failure of the February 20 Movement

The geostrategic importance of Morocco necessitates proper understanding of its politics. Most importantly, it necessitates understanding any conditions that can lead to destabilize the closest geographic point connecting Africa and Europe that can greatly affect global economy and security. From this premise, this paper seeks to explain why the Arab Spring expression in Morocco that manifested itself in the February 20 movement has reached a dead end. This inquiry uses a qualitative method adopting structural functionalism as an approach. The relevantly encompassing nature of the approach allows us to examine the institutionalization question of the movement, important characteristics of its forces abroad and its intrinsic features to explain its failure.