cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining Men's Status Shield and Status Bonus: How Gender Frames the Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction of Nurses

(Hochschild 1983) coined the term status shield to theorize men’s status-based protection from the emotional abuses of working in a service job and hence their diminished need to manage emotions as compared to women. Extending this concept, the current study examines how gender operates not merely to shield men from emotional labor on the job but to also shape the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction. Using survey data collected from 730 registered nurses (667 women and 63 men) at a large Midwestern hospital system in the U.S., we show that in addition to engaging in less emotional labor than women, men benefit from their emotion management in ways that women do not. Gender moderates the relationship between two dimensions of emotional labor (i.e., surface acting – covering emotion and deep acting) and two outcome measures (i.e., job satisfaction and turnover intention). Results support theoretical claims that men’s privileged status shields them from having to perform emotional labor as frequently as women. Further, when male nurses do perform higher levels of emotional labor, they are shielded from the negative effects of covering emotion and their deep acting correlates with higher job satisfaction—a status bonus—compared to that of their female colleagues. Implications for gender theory, emotional labor, and nursing policy and practice are discussed.
On subalterns and other agencies

To start with, I have never heard of a US or Latin American president (Juan Domingo Peron, for example), refer to the American or the Argentinean ‘subaltern’. They always say, consistently, the Ame...
Binding to and killing of human renal epithelial cells by hemolytic P-fimbriated E. coli.

Binding to and killing of human renal epithelial cells by hemolytic P-fimbriated E. coli . Acute pyelonephritis is a common invasive infection frequently caused by E. coli that possess P-fimbriae and secrete hemolysin. We have examined the role of P fimbriae and hemolysin in the killing of putative target cells of acute pyelonephritis, that is, human renal epithelial cells (HRPTEC). Cultures of HRPTEC were overlaid with (1) a prototype pyelonephritogenic E. coli (CFT073) which expresses both P fimbriae and hemolysin; (2) its hemolysin-negative isogenic mutant (CFT073 hlyD ::Tn phoA ); or (3) a prototypic nonpyelonephritogenic fecal E. coli (FN414) which is negative for both P fimbriae and hemolysin. CFT073 and CFT073 hlyD ::Tn phoA but not FN414 adhered to HRPTEC, as demonstrated by electron microscopy and direct counting. Adherence was diminished by antisera directed against P fimbriae and by a monoclonal antibody recognizing the epithelial receptor for P fimbriae. CFT073 was significantly more cytolethal for HRPTEC than its hemolysin-negative mutant. The bacteria-free filtrate of CFT073 was both hemolytic and cytolethal whereas that of CFT073 hyD ::Tn phoA was not hemolytic and was significantly less cytolethal. Finally, we demonstrated that CFT073 passed through monolayers of HRPTEC at a higher rate than CFT073 hlyD ::Tr phoA , indicating that hemolysin damages HRPTEC, facilitating passage of bacteria through the epithelial barrier. With HRPTEC and a pyelonephritogenic strain of E. coli we have reproduced in vitro bacterial attachment and toxin delivery by P fimbriae and hemolysin, factors epidemiologically associated with acute pyelonephritis in patients.
Rhythmic Ca2+ Signaling: Keeping Time with MicroRNAs

Pacemaker cells are specialized cell types that drive biological rhythms like the heartbeat and intestinal peristalsis. What determines whether a cell functions as a pacemaker? Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans suggest that pacemaking activity may be controlled in part by microRNAs.
Use and abuse of crustal accretion calculations

Recent attempts to calculate the average growth rate of continental crust for the Late Proterozoic shield of Arabia and Nubia are subject to large geological uncertainties, and widely contrasting conclusions result from dissimilar boundary conditions. The four greatest sources of divergence are (1) the extent of 620-920 Ma arc-terrane crust beneath Phanerozoic cover; (2) the extent of pre-920 Ma continental crust within the arc terranes; (3) the amount of postaccretion magmatic addition and erosion; and (4) the aggregate length and average life span of Late Proterozoic magmatic-arc systems that formed the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Calculations restricted to the relatively well known Arabian segment of the Arabian-Nubian Shield result in average crustal growth rates and arc accretion rates comparable to rates for modern arc systems, but we recognize substantial uncertainty in such results. Critical review of available geochemical, isotopic, and geochronological evidence contradicts the often stated notion that intact, pre-920 Ma crust is widespread in the eastern Arabian Shield. Instead, the arc terranes of the region apparently were "contaminated" with sediments derived, in part, from pre-920 Ma crust. Available geologic and radiometric data indicate that the Arabian-Nubian Shield and its "Pan-African" extensions constitute the greatest known volume of arc-accreted crust on Earth that formed in the period 920-620 Ma. Thus, the region may truly represent a disproportionate share of Earth9s crustal growth budget for this time period.
An office automation course

At the University of Wyoming a course was developed on office automation. This course attempts to expose the student to a number of the software tools being used in the "automated office". The exposure is both in the lecture format and by having the students use the software tools available at this installation.There are three parts to the course.The first part discussed text editors. The editors used are the UCSD text editor, and the CYBER's text editor, XEDIT.The second part discussed text processors. The text processors used are TEXTJAB, and RNF, both of which are available on our CYBER computers.The last part discussed other topics of interest including: utility programs, electronic mail, data base management systems and some of the effects of technology on office operations.The use of the computer as an information processing tool was emphasized by its use all phases of the class. For example, all materials that would normally be distributed in handouts were placed on-line on the computer and the students had to obtain copies of the material from the machine.
Induced activity in scintillation detectors in space

Abstract An experimental system was flown on the Space Shuttle Columbia from August 8 to 13, 1989 as part of the Shuttle Activation Monitor (SAM) program [P.S. Haskins et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-37 (6) (1990) 1256]. Gamma-ray spectra were collected both during flight and after landing from two 3 in. × 3 in. scintillation detectors, Nal and BGO. The shuttle was in a high inclination (57 °) orbit, at an altitude of 300 km which provided exposure to the trapped charged particles in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) as well as the electrons in the Polar regions. The induced radiation observed by the detectors resulted from both external and internal sources activated by the interaction with the energetic charged particles. The flight data analysis indicates variation of the induced external radiation as a function of geomagnetic coordinates and amount of shielding, whereas the post-landing data exhibits induced internal radiation from the two different types of detector materials.
Nucleoside metabolism by monkey brain extracts.

Abstract 1. 1. Monkey brain extracts metabolize the ribose moiety from purine ribonucleosides to form a variety of phosphate esters which have been separated and identified by paper chromatography. 2. 2. These products are formed by the successive action of nucleoside phosphorylase, transketolase and the glycolytic enzymes. 3. 3. Phosphoglucomutase was isolated as partially purified fraction, and the presence of phosphoribomutase activity was indicated by the synthesis of inosine from xanthine and ribose-5-phosphate and by the accumulation of ribose-5-phosphate from nucleoside incubations. 4. 4. The conversion of the purine moieties from nucleosides to free bases also has been investigated and the relationship of these changes to the rate of nucleoside metabolism is discussed.
Body temperature-dependent and independent actions of chlordimeform on visual evoked potentials and axonal transport in optic system of rat.

Abstract Pattern-reversal-evoked potentials (PREPs), flash-evoked potentials (FEPs), rapid axonal transport in the optic system and body temperature were measured in hooded rats, treated with either saline or the formamidine insecticide/acaricide, chlordimeform (CDM). Rats receiving chlordimeform had low body temperatures when housed at standard laboratory room temperature, 22°C, but not at 30°C. Peak latencies of flash-evoked potentials were prolonged by chlordimeform at 22°C, but not at 30°C. The rate of axonal transport was slowed in chlordimeform-treated hypothermic rats, but not in chlordimeform-treated warmed rats. These findings suggest that the flash-evoked potential and axonal transport changes produced by chlordimeform were an indirect consequence of hypothermia. In contrast, chlordimeform increased pattern-reversal evoked potential peak latencies and peak-to-peak amplitudes independent of body temperature. These findings confirm and extend previous reports of chlordimeform-induced hypothermia, emphasize the importance of changes in body temperature as a possible confounding factor in studies of neuroactive agents and demonstrate that chlordimeform has both body-temperature-dependent and independent actions in the visual system in the rat.
The synthesis and reactivity of 3β-(2-alkynylsulfonyl)- and 3β-(2-alkynylsulfonylmethyl) androst-5-en-17-ones as inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Abstract 3β-(Hexadec-2-ynylsulfonyl)androst-5-en-17-one, 2c, was designed as an analog of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatide 1c, a potent, natural inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Nucleophilic substitution of 1-bromo hexadec-2-yne 11 with 3β-mercaptoandrost-5-en-17-one followed by oxidation afforded 2c. The propargylic sulfone 2c may tautomerize to the electrophilic allenic sulfone 3a and thus function as a masked affinity label of the steroidal binding site of G6PDH. Since 2c demonstrated low potency as an inhibitor of G6PDH, a sulfonylmethyl analog 4b was also designed and synthesized. Synthesis of 4b began by methylenation of androst-5-en-3,17-dione 17-ketal 6 with the Tebbe reagent, to yield the 3-methyleneandrost-5-ene 7. Hydroboration, followed by oxidation, gave a mixture of 3α- and 3β-hydroxymethyl isomers 8a and 8b, respectively. The 3β alcohol 8b was converted to the thiol 10. Alkylation of 10 with 1-bromo-2-hexadecyne 11, followed by selective oxidation, gave the desired acetylenic sulfone 4b. Insertion of the methylene in 4a and 4b significantly increased their G6PDH inhibitory properties over the initial compounds, 2b and 2c.
Deriving New Minimum Cost Pathways from Existing Paths

Without a priori cell traversing cost data, conventional GIS-based techniques cannot be used to find minimum cost paths from specified starting points to specified ending points. However, in one class of problems where these costs do not exist a priori, it may be possible to derive them. This class of problems is characterized by the presence of an existing minimum cost path that is subject to the same traversing cost mechanics as the new path that is being contemplated. This study developed and evaluated linear programming-based techniques for deriving both isotropic and anisotropic traversing costs from existing minimum cost pathways. The derived costs can then be used to find minimum cost routes for new pathways that are subject to the same cost mechanics as the existing pathways. The techniques presented here were evaluated by applying them to situations found in the forest road network of the Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forests (ARNF) in Colorado. In 18 of the 19 situations evaluated, the predicte...
Countertransference with adolescent clients of the same ethnicity

This article addresses countertransference in therapeutic relationships involving therapist and client from the same ethnicity. A case illustration of a Japanese adolescent and a Japanese therapist is used to develop the thesis that obvious similarities in race, or culture may lead to invalid assumptions about shared beliefs and values and subtle countertransference manifestations which have the potential to disrupt or prevent the development of a working relationship.
Whitman's Apocryphal "Star and Stripes Necktie"

Presents a forgotten piece of journalism from a January, 1892, issue of The Advertiser entitled "Walt Whitman's Fad," which claims (mistakenly) that Whitman used to wear a stars-and-stripes necktie in New York and offers Horace Traubel's notes regarding Whitman's reaction to the story.
DSearching: Using Floating Mobility Information for Distributed Node Searching in DTNs

In delay tolerant networks (DTNs), enabling a mobile node to search and find another interested mobile node is an important function in many applications. However, the movement of nodes in DTNs makes the problem formidable. Current node searching methods in disconnected networks mainly rely on fixed stations in the network and infrastructure-based communication to collect node position information, which is difficult to implement in DTNs. In this paper, we present DSearching, a distributed mobile node searching scheme for DTNs that requires no infrastructure. In DSearching, the entire DTN area is split into sub-areas, and each node summarizes its mobility information as both transient sub-area visiting record and long-term movement pattern. Upon arriving at a sub-area, a node generates a new visiting record for the sub-area and distributes it to nodes that are likely to stay in the previous sub-area, so that visiting records form a chain for the locators to trace the node. Each node also stores different parts of its long-term mobility pattern to long-staying nodes in different sub-areas for others to trace it when visiting records are absent. Considering that nodes in DTNs usually have limited resources, DSearching constrains the communication and storage cost in the information distribution while enabling efficient node searching. Advanced extensions that can further improve the searching efficiency is also proposed in this paper. Extensive trace-driven experiments with real traces demonstrate the high efficiency and high effectiveness of DSearching.
Scaling concepts and complex fluids: long-range power-law correlations in DNA

We review recent evidencee supporting the discovery of long-range power-law correlations in DNA sequences that contain non-coding regions. The possible interpretation of this finding is also discussed.
A hybrid graphical model for rhythmic parsing

A method is presented for the rhythmic parsing problem: Given a sequence of observed musical note onset times, we simultaneously estimate the corresponding notated rhythm and tempo process. A graphical model is developed that represents the evolution of tempo and rhythm and relates these hidden quantities to an observable performance. The rhythm variables are discrete and the tempo and observation variables are continuous. We show how to compute the globally most likely configuration of the tempo and rhythm variables given an observation of note onset times. Experiments are presented on both MIDI data and a data set derived from an audio signal. A generalization to computing MAP estimates for arbitrary conditional Gaussian distributions is outlined.
Vitamin E reduces amyloidosis and improves cognitive function in Tg2576 mice following repetitive concussive brain injury

Traumatic brain injury is a well-recognized environmental risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease. Repetitive concussive brain injury (RCBI) exacerbates brain lipid peroxidation, accelerates amyloid (Abeta) formation and deposition, as well as cognitive impairments in Tg2576 mice. This study evaluated the effects of vitamin E on these four parameters in Tg2576 mice following RCBI. Eleven-month-old mice were randomized to receive either regular chow or chow-supplemented with vitamin E for 4 weeks, and subjected to RCBI (two injuries, 24 h apart) using a modified controlled cortical impact model of closed head injury. The same dietary regimens were maintained up to 8 weeks post-injury, when the animals were killed for biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses after behavioral evaluation. Vitamin E-treated animals showed a significant increase in brain vitamin E levels and a significant decrease in brain lipid peroxidation levels. After RBCI, compared with the group on regular chow, animals receiving vitamin E did not show the increase in Abeta peptides, and had a significant attenuation of learning deficits. This study suggests that the exacerbation of brain oxidative stress following RCBI plays a mechanistic role in accelerating Alphabeta accumulation and behavioral impairments in the Tg2576 mice.
Optimal Attitude Matrix from Two Vector Measurements

A SIMPLE counting argument shows that a minimum of two unit-vector measurements, with two independent scalar pieces of information each, are required to determine the 3 degrees of freedom needed to specify a spacecraft’s attitude. The earliest published algorithm for attitude determination from two vector measurements was Black’s TRIAD algorithm [1,2], also known as the algebraic method [3]. TRIAD has been applied to both groundbased and onboard attitude determination, using either unit vectors to the sun and along the Earth’s magnetic field for a coarse “sun-mag” attitude determination or unit vectors to two stars for a precise attitude determination. TRIAD is suboptimal because it ignores one piece of information from one of the unit vectors. Modern star trackers can track 5, 6, or even 50 stars at a time, creating a need for methods that can use all of the information from two or more unit vectors, weighted in some “optimal” fashion. This need had been anticipated in 1965, when Wahba proposed her famous problem to find the proper orthogonal matrix A (i.e., with determinant 1) that minimizes the loss function [4]
Surgery for vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review of complications by approach

Object Various studies report outcomes of vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery, but few studies have compared outcomes across the various approaches. The authors conducted a systematic review of the available data on VS surgery, comparing the different approaches and their associated complications. Methods MEDLINE searches were conducted to collect studies that reported information on patients undergoing VS surgery. The authors set inclusion criteria for such studies, including the availability of follow-up data for at least 3 months, inclusion of preoperative and postoperative audiometric data, intraoperative monitoring, and reporting of results using established and standardized metrics. Data were collected on hearing loss, facial nerve dysfunction, persistent postoperative headache, CSF leak, operative mortality, residual tumor, tumor recurrence, cranial nerve (CN) dysfunction involving nerves other than CN VII or VIII, and other neurological complications. The authors reviewed data from 35 studies perta...
The reaction 25Mg(3He,d)26 Al at 12 MeV

Abstract The 25Mg(3He,d)26 Al reaction was studied at E( 3 He ) = 12 MeV by use of the Argonne tandem Van de Graaff and a broad-range magnetic spectrograph. All known states up to 4.2 MeV were observed in this experiment; but the doublets at 2.07 MeV and 4.20 MeV have not been resolved. For the 15 strongest transitions, angular distributions between 5° and 25° were measured. They all have characteristic l = 0, l = 2 or l = 0+2 stripping patterns. The l = 0 admixtures in the angular distributions limit spins and parities to 2+ or 3+ for the states at 2.55, 2.92, 3.59, 3.68 and 3.75 MeV, for which no spins and parities were previously known. Spectroscopic factors have been extracted with the Oak Ridge DWBA code Julie. The results are discussed in the framework of the unified model.
Regulated Secretion of YopN by the Type III Machinery of Yersinia enterocolitica

During infection, Yersinia enterocolitica exports Yop proteins via a type III secretion pathway. Secretion is activated when the environmental concentration of calcium ions is below 100 μM (low-calcium response). Yersiniae lacking yopN (lcrE), yscB, sycN, or tyeA do not inactivate the type III pathway even when the concentration of calcium is above 100 μM (calcium-blind phenotype). Purified YscB and SycN proteins form cytoplasmic complexes that bind a region including amino acids 16 to 100 of YopN, whereas TyeA binds YopN residues 101 to 294. Translational fusion of yopN gene sequences to the 5′ end of the npt reporter generates hybrid proteins that are transported by the type III pathway. The signal necessary and sufficient for the type III secretion of hybrid proteins is located within the first 15 codons of yopN. Expression of plasmid-borne yopN, but not of yopN1–294-npt, complements the calcium-blind phenotype of yopN mutants. Surprisingly, yopN mutants respond to environmental changes in calcium concentration and secrete YopN1–294-Npt in the absence but not in the presence of calcium. tyeA is required for the low-calcium regulation of YopN1–294-Npt secretion, whereas sycN and yscB mutants fail to secrete YopN1–294-Npt in the presence of calcium. Experiments with yopN-npt fusions identified two other signals that regulate the secretion of YopN. yopN codons 16 to 100 prevent the entry of YopN into the type III pathway, a negative regulatory effect that is overcome by expression of yscB and sycN. The portion of YopN encoded by codons 101 to 294 prevents transport of the polypeptide across the bacterial double membrane envelope in the presence of functional tyeA. These data support a model whereby YopN transport may serve as a regulatory mechanism for the activity of the type III pathway. YscB/SycN binding facilitates the initiation of YopN into the type III pathway, whereas TyeA binding prevents transport of the polypeptide across the bacterial envelope. Changes in the environmental calcium concentration relieve the TyeA-mediated regulation, triggering YopN transport and activating the type III pathway.
Catchment classification: hydrological analysis of catchment behavior through process-based modeling along a climate gradient

Abstract. Catchment classification is an efficient method to synthesize our understanding of how climate variability and catchment characteristics interact to define hydrological response. One way to accomplish catchment classification is to empirically relate climate and catchment characteristics to hydrologic behavior and to quantify the skill of predicting hydrologic response based on the combination of climate and catchment characteristics. Here we present results using an alternative approach that uses our current level of hydrological understanding, expressed in the form of a process-based model, to interrogate how climate and catchment characteristics interact to produce observed hydrologic response. The model uses topographic, geomorphologic, soil and vegetation information at the catchment scale and conditions parameter values using readily available data on precipitation, temperature and streamflow. It is applicable to a wide range of catchments in different climate settings. We have developed a step-by-step procedure to analyze the observed hydrologic response and to assign parameter values related to specific components of the model. We applied this procedure to 12 catchments across a climate gradient east of the Rocky Mountains, USA. We show that the model is capable of reproducing the observed hydrologic behavior measured through hydrologic signatures chosen at different temporal scales. Next, we analyze the dominant time scales of catchment response and their dimensionless ratios with respect to climate and observable landscape features in an attempt to explain hydrologic partitioning. We find that only a limited number of model parameters can be related to observable landscape features. However, several climate-model time scales, and the associated dimensionless numbers, show scaling relationships with respect to the investigated hydrological signatures (runoff coefficient, baseflow index, and slope of the flow duration curve). Moreover, some dimensionless numbers vary systematically across the climate gradient, possibly as a result of systematic co-variation of climate, vegetation and soil related time scales. If such co-variation can be shown to be robust across many catchments along different climate gradients, it opens perspective for model parameterization in ungauged catchments as well as prediction of hydrologic response in a rapidly changing environment.
The Elliptical Crack Subjected to Nonuniform Shear Loading

The equations of elasticity are solved for the problem of a flat elliptical crack which has nonuniform shear stresses applied to its surfaces. The shear stresses are prescribed independently in two directions on the crack surface and are expressed in the form of a third-degree polynomial. Mode-two and mode-three stress-intensity factors are presented in analytical and graphical form as functions of position along the crack border.
A P22 Scaffold Protein Mutation Increases the Robustness of Head Assembly in the Presence of Excess Portal Protein

Bacteriophage with linear, double-stranded DNA genomes package DNA into preassembled protein shells called procapsids. Located at one vertex in the procapsid is a portal complex composed of a ring of 12 subunits of portal protein. The portal complex serves as a docking site for the DNA packaging enzymes, a conduit for the passage of DNA, and a binding site for the phage tail. An excess of the P22 portal protein alters the assembly pathway of the procapsid, giving rise to defective procapsid-like particles and aberrant heads. In the present study, we report the isolation of escape mutant phage that are able to replicate more efficiently than wild-type phage in the presence of excess portal protein. The escape mutations all mapped to the same phage genome segment spanning the portal, scaffold, coat, and open reading frame 69 genes. The mutations present in five of the escape mutants were determined by DNA sequencing. Interestingly, each mutant contained the same mutation in the scaffold gene, which changes the glycine at position 287 to glutamate. This mutation alone conferred an escape phenotype, and the heads assembled by phage harboring only this mutation had reduced levels of portal protein and exhibited increased head assembly fidelity in the presence of excess portal protein. Because this mutation resides in a region of scaffold protein necessary for coat protein binding, these findings suggest that the P22 scaffold protein may define the portal vertices in an indirect manner, possibly by regulating the fidelity of coat protein polymerization.
Interagency Collaboration Under Part H The Key to Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary, Coordinated Infant/Toddler Intervention Services

This article examines the role of interagency collaboration as it pertains to the unique requirements of PL 99-457—Part H (early intervention services for handicapped infants/toddlers and their fam...
Analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography of free amino acids extracted from needles of drought‐stressed and shaded Pinus ponderosa seedlings

Free amino acid concentrations in needles of drought-stressed and shaded seedlings of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) were analyzed to determine the influence of low irradiance on a biochemical response to drought stress. A convenient method was developed for separating and quantitating amino acids in needle extracts using derivatization with dansyl chloride and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Twenty-one amino acids were separated on an Ultrasphere ODS CIS column and detected with a fluorescence spectrophotometer. As little as 10 pmol of each were detected with good peak separation and reproducible retention times. The results of HPLC analysis showed that drought and shading induced an increase in total amino acid concentrations in needles; shading had the greater effect. Arginine and proline concentrations increased most in needles of drought-stressed seedlings and remained high in unshaded seedlings recovering from drought 48 h after rewatering. Arginine and glutamine increased most in the shaded seedlings, which did not survive severe drought. The large increase in arginine in both drought-stressed and severely shaded seedlings suggests that sequestering and storage of ammonia are important when stress reduces carbon fixation.
Structure of fully hydrated bilayer dispersions.

Abstract A systematic formalism is developed that shows how the results for absolute specific volumes of multilamellar lipid dispersions may be combined with results from diffraction studies to obtain quantitative characterizations of the average structure of fully hydrated lipid bilayers. Quantities obtained are the area per molecule, the thickness and volumes of the bilayer, the water layer, the hydrocarbon chain layer and the headgroup layer, and where appropriate the tilt angle of the hydrocarbon chains. In the case of the C phase of DPPC this formalism leads to the detection of inconsistencies between three data. Results for the G phases of DPPC and DLPE are in reasonable agreement with, though more comprehensive than, previous work that used fewer data and equations. Various diffraction data for the F phase of DPPC are in disagreement and it is shown how this disagreement affects results for the bilayer structure. A recent method of McIntosh and Simon for obtaining fluid phase structure utilizing gel phase structure is slightly modified to obtain results for the F phase of DLPE. Methods of obtaining the average methylene and methyl volumes in the fluid phases are critically examined.
Effect of Generating a Semantic Prime: The Impact of Age and Cognitive Impairment

Semantic priming studies, and studies of the generation effect (GE), have provided evidence to support either a structural or functional breakdown of semantic memory in dementia. To determine whether the act of generating an item enhanced its activation in semantic memory, young, elderly, and demented subjects participated in a semantic priming/generation effect paradigm. Response times were recorded for semantically related and unrelated targets presented after either read or generated word pair cues. Results suggested that generating information held little benefit for young or demented subjects in the related condition, although elderly subjects benefited more from generating information than from reading it. Results and implications or theories of dementia and its treatment will be discussed.
Wind Tunnel Characterization Of Aerial Spray Nozzles Using The Laser Particle Spectral Analyzer

A wind tunnel study was performed to determine the size spectra produced by spray atomization systems currently in use by the U.S. Forest Service. The atomization systems were assessed dynamically using a remote sensing laser particle spectral analyzer (LPSA) developed by Aerosol Science Laboratory personnel at the Colorado State University. The LPSA system, which is mounted on a traverse having three degrees of freedom, is capable of in-situ remote measurement of the size distribution of particles from 1 to 200 micrometers traveling inside a wind tunnel. Performance of the LPSA system was analyzed, and an absolute calibration method was developed. Two types of spray nozzles were placed in a high speed wind tunnel in an effort to establish droplet spectra under actual aircraft flight conditions. Size distributions of droplets produced by the two nozzles were characterized at two different wind speeds using the LPSA system.
CORRECTIONS TO A THEOREM ON THE K/sub l 3/ DECAY FORM FACTORS.

It was pointed out in a recent series of papers that for theories possessing an approximate Goldstone symmetry some physical amplitudes are necessarily nonanalytic functions of the symmetry-breaking parameter, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. In particular, this fact implies some corrections to a theorem on the ${K}_{l3}$ form factors, which was derived under the assumption of an approximate SU(3) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(3) symmetry of the Goldstone type. In this paper we show how these effects arise, and prove that ${\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}[〈{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}|{\ensuremath{\partial}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{V}_{{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}(0)|{K}^{+}〉(t)]\left|\right)}_{t={{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}+{{m}_{K}}^{2}}$ is of the form $(\ensuremath{\epsilon} \mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\epsilon})A+\ensuremath{\epsilon}B+O({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}, {\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\epsilon})$. Furthermore, we prove that $A\ensuremath{\epsilon}\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\epsilon}=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{{f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}{{f}_{K}}\ensuremath{-}\frac{{f}_{K}}{{f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}})$ independently of any assumption about the structure of the symmetry-breaking term in the Hamiltonian. However the term $\ensuremath{\epsilon}B$ is model-dependent. In the popular $(\overline{3}, 3)+(3, \overline{3})$ model this term is small as compared to the term $A\ensuremath{\epsilon}\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. Also we note that the theorem is given at the unphysical point $t={{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}+{{m}_{K}}^{2}$ rather than $t=0$ as was previously stated.
The bimean: A measure of central tendency that accommodates outliers

Observations that depart considerably from the center of a distribution demand special consideration. They may be retained, trimmed, or weighted less than other data. This article provides a BASIC program that implements Mosteller and Tukey’s (1977) technique for weighting observations less as they depart from the middle of a distribution. Influence curves for this “bisquare-weighted mean,” or “bimean,” are displayed and compared with more traditional measures of central tendency.
Clinical Correlation of Elevated Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) with Neonatal Complications. 379

The sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) regulates inflammatory and immune responses and mediates vascular functions at sites of inflammation. In adults, CGRP levels in blood are elevated during sepsis and/or shock. In these studies, we examined their potential role in neonatal and maternal inflammatory and immune dysfunction. A total of 168 samples (86 from cord blood and 82 from neonates) were collected within 12 hours of birth. The patients' gestational ages ranged from 24 to 43 weeks and the birth weights ranged from 520 grams to 4445 grams. CGRP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Reverse phase-HPLC analysis of the immunoreactive CGRP present in adult and infant human blood revealed that it coelutes with synthetic CGRP, confirming that the RIA is measuring authentic CGRP in human blood.
Radial Impulsive Excitation Of Infinite Fluid-Filled Elastic Cylindrical Shells

Abstract The impulsive radial excitation of fluid-filled elastic cylinders is analytically studied using a double Fourier transform in the wavenumber and the frequency domains. In particular, the contribution of various waves to the structural response and their propagation paths are investigated by evaluating individual pole contributions to the total response using the method of residues. For axisymmetric excitation, the results surprisingly demonstrate that although the excitation is structural, the major path of vibrational energy to the structural observation point is through the fluid medium. For the beam mode type of excitation, two major paths are identified; the disturbance propagates either through low frequency structural components or through the fluid medium as higher frequency components. The work adds new insight into the behaviour of coupled pipe-fluid systems
KRAS mutational testing in the selection of patients for EGFR-targeted therapies

The small-molecule epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies have proven activity in lung and colorectal adenocarcinomas, respectively, but only a small fraction of patients exhibit significant responses. The observation that only a minority of patients respond to EGFR-targeted therapies, in combination with their toxicity and high costs, has driven the search for molecular markers predictive of response. The main focus of the present review is the recent discovery that mutations in the KRAS oncogene constitute a negative predictive marker in this clinical setting, namely that their presence can be used to predict which patients are unlikely to benefit from treatment with EGFR-directed therapy.
A review of advances in EO/IR focal plane array technology for space system applications

A variety of single color and multicolor Electro Optical/Infrared (EO/IR) Focal Plane Array technologies are being developed for Space System Applications. There has been a significant research and development effort to date to improve the technology in single and multicolor wavelength bands that include the SWIR, MWIR and LWIR spectral regions. This review paper will address the current technologies and new ones that will be useful for near term applications and also can provide further improvements for future systems applications.
Thermal-Spatial Analysis of Medium and Large Solar Flares, 1976 to 1996

Approximately 1100 moderate to large solar flares observed in soft X-rays by the GOES spacecraft, operating between 1976 and 1996, are analyzed individually for thermal and spatial structure by a model that utilizes discrete X-ray measurements, the ensemble X-ray light curve, and scaling laws relating certain thermal properties to spatial dimension. This method endeavors to reproduce a flare's thermal structure in terms of its loop geometry from spatially unresolved measurements, invoking a theoretically conceived and empirically confirmed relationship between the loop scale and temporal behavior of flares. Used in conjunction with a well-known, quasi-static equilibrium scaling law relating loop scale to key thermal parameters, a comprehensive solution of global thermal structure can be closed in the context of this model. The essential characteristics of this model were described by Garcia in an earlier paper showing the step by step procedure for computing the length, cross section, volume, density, mass, and thermal energy of an individual flare loop. The primary purpose of the present work is to utilize the model and method presented by Garcia, based on a small group of flares, to study a much larger sample of flares in order to determine their average characteristics of the above parameters over an extended range of X-ray intensity and size. The ability to utilize spatially unresolved X-ray data to analyze the structure of individual flares at small cost opens the possibility of investigating the average behavior of large populations of X-ray flares, exploiting the largely untapped reservoir of data accumulated since the advent of operational geosynchronous weather satellites.
Evaluation of Release-05 GRACE time-variable gravity coefficients over the ocean

Abstract. The latest release of GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity field coefficients (Release-05, or RL05) are evaluated for ocean applications. Data have been processed using the current methodology for Release-04 (RL04) coefficients, and have been compared to output from two different ocean models. Results indicate that RL05 data from the three Science Data Centers – the Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) – are more consistent among themselves than the previous RL04 data. Moreover, the variance of residuals with the output of an ocean model is 50–60% lower for RL05 data than for RL04 data. A more optimized destriping algorithm is also tested, which improves the results slightly. By comparing the GRACE maps with two different ocean models, we can better estimate the uncertainty in the RL05 maps. We find the standard error to be about 1 cm (equivalent water thickness) in the low- and mid-latitudes, and between 1.5 and 2 cm in the polar and subpolar oceans, which is comparable to estimated uncertainty for the output from the ocean models.
Application of machine vision to pup loaf bread evaluation

Intrinsic end-use quality of hard winter wheat breeding lines is routinely evaluated at the USDA, ARS, USGMRL, Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory. Experimental baking test of pup loaves is the ultimate test for evaluating hard wheat quality. Computer vision was applied to developing an objective methodology for bread quality evaluation for the 1994 and 1995 crop wheat breeding line samples. Computer extracted features for bread crumb grain were studied, using subimages (32 by 32 pixel) and features computed for the slices with different threshold settings. A subsampling grid was located with respect to the axis of symmetry of a slice to provide identical topological subimage information. Different ranking techniques were applied to the databases. Statistical analysis was run on the database with digital image and breadmaking features. Several ranking algorithms and data visualization techniques were employed to create a sensitive scale for porosity patterns of bread crumb. There were significant linear correlations between machine vision extracted features and breadmaking parameters. Crumb grain scores by human experts were correlated more highly with some image features than with breadmaking parameters.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Exotic dancers in an awkward negotiation: Implications for affect control theory

Abstract We use affect control theory (ACT) to test the veracity of mathematically derived predictions that an exotic dancer will act in ways that are consistent with societal expectations for her “deviant” label. We also explore the strategies that exotic dancers use to maintain the definition of the situation. Our findings indicate that exotic dancers do not define their own identities as predicted. Our data also demonstrate that participants in our study were at least as likely to manage the identities of others as they were their own identities. We conclude our paper by discussing our interpretations of the data and the veracity of ACT.
Integration of production planning and scheduling: Overview, challenges and opportunities

We review the integration of medium-term production planning and short-term scheduling. We begin with an overview of supply chain management and the associated planning problems. Next, we formally define the production planning problem and explain why integration with scheduling leads to better solutions. We present the major modeling approaches for the integration of scheduling and planning decisions, and discuss the major solution strategies. We close with an account of the challenges and opportunities in this area.
Aluminum utensils contribute to aluminum accumulation in patients with renal disease.

Presently, aluminum utensils are widely used in the world, especially in the developing countries. However, whether aluminum leaching from such utensils contributes to aluminum accumulation or causes any damage in patients with renal disease remains unknown. We designed a prospective study to evaluate this problem. After excluding patients who were not examined at follow-up or who poorly complied during the study period, the opened randomized study consisted of 42 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 10 mL/min). All patients had not taken any aluminum-containing agents for 3 months, but used aluminum kitchen utensils for more than 1 year. Twelve patients comprised the control group; the other 30 patients comprised the study group. The aluminum kitchen utensils used by the study group patients were replaced with stainless steel utensils for 3 months, but those used by the control group were not. After 3 months, the decrements of serum aluminum (5.5 +/- 4.6 microg/L v 2.1 +/- 3.5 microg/L; P = 0.012) and daily urine aluminum excretion (14.3 +/- 15.2 microg/d v 2.1 +/- 5.6 microg/d; P = 0.005) in the study group patients were greater than those in the control group patients. The increments of transferrin saturation of the study group patients (1.8% +/- 9.5% v -3.7% +/- 9.5%; P = 0.052) were greater than those of the control group patients. In addition, the increments of iron (r = 0.368, P = 0.035) and transferrin saturation (r = 0.345, P = 0.049) positively correlated with the decrements of daily aluminum excretion in all patients. The study group patients with greater decrements of serum aluminum (>5.5 microg/L) had greater serum iron levels (90.2 +/- 27.7 microg/dL v 71.9 +/- 27.8 microg/dL; P = 0.047) and transferrin saturation (30.5% +/- 11.0% v 23.0% +/- 9.5%; P = 0.046) than those with less decrements of serum aluminum (<5.5 microg/L) after the study. Our study demonstrates that aluminum kitchen utensils may be the important aluminum exposure source for patients with chronic renal insufficiency who are not taking aluminum-containing agents, and hints that the long-term exposure of aluminum leaching from aluminum utensils probably affects iron levels in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Further studies are clearly needed to confirm this observation.
Large transverse-field tunnel splittings in the Fe 8 spin Hamiltonian

The spin Hamiltonian that describes the molecular magnet ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{8}$ has biaxial symmetry with mutually perpendicular easy, medium, and hard magnetic axes. Previous calculations of the ground-state tunnel splittings in the presence of a magnetic field along the hard axis are extended, and the meaning of the previously discovered oscillation of this splitting is further clarified.
Fiber optic biosensor for Co(II) and Cu(II) based on fluorescence energy transfer with an enzyme transducer

Abstract We have demonstrated that fluorescence energy transfer may be made the basis of a zinc biosensor employing carbonic anhydrase as the recognition element, or transducer. Herein we describe the use of carbonic anhydrase in a biosensor for Cu2+ and Co2+, using a different transduction scheme. In particular, we have exploited the well-known d-d absorbance bands exhibited by these ions when bound in the active site as energy transfer acceptors for suitable fluorescent donors. Binding of the metal ion to the apoprotein results in fluorescence quenching and concomitant reduction of the lifetime, which can be related to fractional occupancy of the binding site and thus concentration of the metal ion.
Substitution of the 3' terminal adenosine residue of transfer RNA in vivo

Abstract We have altered by site-directed mutagenesis the 3' terminal adenosine residue of a tRNA(Tyrsu3+) gene encoded on a single-copy plasmid and examined the consequences of these substitutions on suppressor activity in vivo. Our data show that mutant su3 genes containing 3'-CCC, -CCG, or -CCU termini instead of -CCA can be efficiently transcribed and processed in Escherichia coli to generate functional suppressor tRNAs. However, in contrast to normal tRNA genes, both tRNA nucleotidyltransferase and exoribonuclease activities are required to obtain suppression by the mutant tRNAs, indicating that removal of the incorrect 3' terminal residue and resynthesis of the normal -CCA terminus are occurring in this situation. In addition, a low level of suppressor activity and tRNA repair was found in cells devoid of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, suggesting that an additional activity able to partially repair the 3' end of tRNA is present in E. coli. The use of mutant strains lacking one or several exoribonucleases revealed that the various RNAses have very different specificities for removal of incorrect 3' residues and that these differ greatly from their action on CCA-ending tRNA. These data show that the 3' terminal adenosine residue is necessary for tRNA function in vivo and that cells can compensate for its alteration by changes in the normal pathway of tRNA metabolism.