cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geochronology and Thermochronology in Orogenic Systems

s (eds. A. M. Macfarlane, R. B. Sorkhabi, and J. Quade), pp. 58–59. Harrison T. M., Ryerson F. J., Le Fort P., Yin A., Lovera O., and Catlos E. J. (1997) A Late Miocene–Pliocene origin for the central Himalayan inverted metamorphism. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 146, E1–E7. Hart S. R. (1964) The petrology and isotopic-mineral age relations of a contract zone in the front range, Colorado. J. Geol. 72, 493–525. Hartz E. H., Andresen A., Martin M. W., and Hodges K. V. (2000) U–Pb and Ar/Ar constraints on the Fjord region detachment zone: a long-lived extensional fault in the East Greenland Caledonides. J.Geol. Soc. London 157, 795–809. Hawkins D. P. and Bowring S. A. (1997) U–Pb systematics of monazite and xenotime: case studies from the Paleoproterozoic of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 127, 87–103. Hawkins D. P. and Bowring S. A. (1999) U–Pb monazite, xenotime, and titanite geochronological constraints on the prograde to post-peak metamorphic thermal history of Paleoproterozoic migmatites from the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 134, 150–169. Hess J. C., Lippolt H. J., Gurbanov A. G., and Michalski I. (1993) The cooling history of the Late Pliocene Eldzhurtinskiy granite (Caucasus, Russia) and the thermochronological potential of grain-size/age relationships. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117, 393–406. Hodges K., Bowring S., Davidek K., Hawkins D., and Krol M. (1998) Evidence for rapid displacement on Himalayan normal faults and the importance of tectonic denudation in the evolution of mountain ranges. Geology 26, 483–486. Hodges K. V. (1991) Pressure–Temperature– time paths. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 19, 207–236. Geochronology and Thermochronology in Orogenic Systems 288
Gastric pseudomelanosis (report of a case and review of literature)

Gastric pseudomelanosis is exceedingly rare. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only six reported cases in the literature of gastric pseudomelanosis. We report a case of an 86 year-old woman with marked iron deficiency anemia who was found to have characteristic speckled pattern of grey-black pigmentation on endoscopic examination. Histologically, the gastric biopsy revealed characteristic aggregates of sub epithelial macrophages with coarse brown-black pigment present within the lamina propria. This pigment had focal and patchy positive staining for iron. These changes were consistent with pseudomelanosis. The previously reported six cases had similar clinicopathological features. Although the exact pathogenesis of gastric pseudomelanosis is unknown, it is benign and has not been associated with malignant transformation or worsening of any underlying medical conditions.
Data Management Practices Across an Institution: Survey and Report

INTRODUCTION Data management is becoming increasingly important to researchers in all fields. The E-Science Working Group designed a survey to investigate how researchers at Northwestern University currently manage data and to help determine their future needs regarding data management. METHODS A 21-question survey was distributed to approximately 12,940 faculty, graduate students, postdoctoral candidates, and selected research-affiliated staff at Northwestern’s Evanston and Chicago Campuses. Survey questions solicited information regarding types and size of data, current and future needs for data storage, data retention and data sharing, what researchers are doing (or not doing) regarding data management planning, and types of training or assistance needed. There were 831 responses and 788 respondents completed the survey, for a response rate of approximately 6.4%. RESULTS Survey results indicate investigators need both short and long term storage and preservation solutions. However, 31% of respondents did not know how much storage they will require. This means that establishing a correctly sized research storage service will be difficult. Additionally, research data is stored on local hard drives, departmental servers or equipment hard drives. These types of storage solutions limit data sharing and long term preservation. Data sharing tends to occur within a research group or with collaborators prior to publication, expanding to more public availability after publication. Survey responses also indicate a need to provide increased consulting and support services, most notably for data management planning, awareness of regulatory requirements, and use of research software. External Data or Supplements: Buys, Cunera M.; Shaw, Pamela, L., 2015, “Northwestern University Data Management Survey”, http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZMZ5RD , Harvard Dataverse.
In the Museum of Man: Race, Anthropology, and Empire in France, 1850–1950

In her new book, Alice Conklin continues to explore aspects of the work she began in her widely influential study A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 189...
CONVERSION OF LEUCOANTHOCYANINS INTO THE CORRESPONDING ANTHOCYANIDINS.

Purified preparations of leucoanthocyanins from several sources were heated in butanol-hydrochloric acid solutions from 50° to 90°C and the rate of production of cyanidin was measured. From the temperature dependence of this rate, the calculated energy of activation was of the order of magnitude of 20,000 calories. The rate-limiting step in this reaction was similar for two preparations tested, and of lower energy for a third, presumably of lower degree of polymerization.
An examination of best practices and benchmarking in corporate libraries

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss best practices in corporate libraries. It is limited to libraries within the USA and excludes medical, hospital, pharmaceutical and government libraries.Design/methodology/approach – Definitions of a corporate library and best practices are presented from the literature. The absence of generally accepted best practices within corporate libraries is noted and an explanation for its absence is presented.Findings – The literature review indicates that there is an absence of generally accepted best practices within the corporate library community. This lack of quantitative data further weakens the position of corporate libraries within their organization as they cannot compare their operations to other service units. Corporate library managers must use the language and analysis tools of upper management to align the corporate library with the larger mission of the corporation to ensure its survival.Research limitations/implications – The absence of quantitative data focusi...
Performance Bond Benefit-Cost Analysis

A performance bond provides the assurance that an awarded construction project will be satisfactorily completed in the event that the contractor is unable to complete the project as agreed and the contract is terminated. First passed into U.S. law in the late 1800s, performance bonds protect against financial losses. The ability of contractors to provide a performance bond has mistakenly been assumed as a guarantee that contractors will perform well on the projects they are awarded. Indications are that there is a need to evaluate the benefits and the costs of using performance bonds. This paper examines the benefit-cost ratios of performance bonds on a national basis. Analysis was performed on state construction project data collected for contract awards from September 2007 to September 2009. The results of the analysis suggest that states with a small number of defaults, or none at all, did not benefit from having performance bonds, whereas those states with numerous defaults did benefit. In conclusion,...
TRANSITION METAL CARBONYL COMPOUNDS CONTAINING INTRAMOLECULAR NUCLEOPHILES: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ((η5-C5H4(CH2)3OH)MO(CO)3)2

Abstract Compounds of the form [(η5-C5H4R)Mo(CO)3]2, where R is a pendant alcohol (or its triphenylmethyl ether), were synthesized. There is no indication of nucleophilic interaction between the alcohol and the carbonyl ligands. The X-ray structure of the compound, where R = -(CH2)3OH, was solved by heavy atom and Fourier methods (space group P 1 , a = 7.487(3) A, b = 7.713(3) A, c = 10.902(7) A, α = 99.36(4)°, β = 81.46(4)°, γ = 115.26(3)°, V = 563.0(10) A3, Z = 1), and refined by full-matrix least-squares to S (goodness of fit) = 1.47 and R = 0.057 (3087 reflections). The alcohol group was found to be situated away from the carbonyl groups, involved in a weak intermolecular hydrogen bond.
Trauma and couples: Mechanisms in dyadic functioning

Research traditionally has focused on the development of symptoms in those who experienced trauma directly but overlooked the impact of trauma on the families of victims. In recent years, researchers and clinicians have begun to examine how individual exposure to traumatic events affects the spouses/partners, children, and professional helpers of trauma survivors. The current study reports data from a larger mixed-methodology study that includes qualitative interview data from 17 individuals, coded to identify the mechanisms that may affect the couple’s interpersonal functioning when there is a history of trauma exposure in one or both partners. The following primary themes were identified: role in the relationship, boundary issues, intimacy problems, triggers, and coping mechanisms. Areas for future research and clinical implications also are identified.
The feasibility of a computer controlled program for the treatment of test anxiety

Abstract The effectiveness of short-term, automated relaxation training followed by systematic desensitization administered by a computer for the treatment of test anxiety was evaluated using nine volunteer college students. Significant reduction in self-reported debilitating test anxiety was found after treatment which utilized less than 2 hr total contact with a therapist over a period of 3 weeks.
Parents’ predicted transmitting abilities are not associated with culling prior to second lactation of Michigan, USA dairy cows

Abstract The objective of this study was to test the association between parents’ predicted transmitting abilities (PTAs) for milk, fat and protein and subsequent culling of heifers during rearing or first lactation. The data from 1992 to 1996 consisted of the culling outcome of 5619 Michigan Holstein heifers during rearing or first lactation, and the heifers’ parents’ PTAs from the period in which the heifers were born. Fixed-effect probit models (both dichotomous and ordered) estimated the relationships between culling and parents’ PTAs. Herd effect was modeled as a fixed-effect. There was no association between PTAs of milk, fat, and protein for each heifer’s parents and subsequent culling of the heifer during rearing or first lactation. Weak evidence for the necessity of modeling the herd effect as fixed was present. The lack of association between parents’ PTAs and reason-specific culling (voluntary versus involuntary) — coupled with the counter-intuitive effects of parents’ PTAs on the probability of being culled for each of the reasons — raised questions about the utility of classifying culling reasons according to the voluntary nature of the culling decision. We concluded that Michigan producers are not using parents’ genetics in heifer-culling decisions.
Effects of apomorphine on mating behavior, flank marking and aggression in male hamsters

In male rats, the dopamine agonist apomorphine (APO) generally facilitates copulatory behavior. However, disruptive effects of high APO doses have been reported. These have been interpreted in diverse ways, as products of a dopaminergic system that inhibits sexual behavior or as consequences of APO's stimulation of competing responses. To test the generality of these effects, we observed APO's impact on copulatory behavior in male hamsters. Several effects were observed, all attributable to a relatively high dose and involving the disruption of male behavior. More unexpectedly, APO treatment caused males to attack estrous stimulus females in the course of these tests. To clarify these effects, we observed the effects of APO on flank marking, a type of scent marking closely allied to aggression and dominance in hamsters. Treatment reliably decreased the latency of marking. It also increased the rate of marking when appropriate measures were taken to prevent this effect from being obscured by drug-induced cheek pouching. Together, these results confirm and extend APO's well-known ability to increase aggression. Further, they suggest that APO-induced aggression can intrude into other contexts so as to disrupt, or possibly facilitate, other forms of social behavior.
Incomplete Protein Packing as a Selectivity Filter in Drug Design

The conservation of structure across paralog proteins promotes alternative protein-ligand associations often leading to side effects in drug-based inhibition. However, sticky packing defects are typically not conserved across paralogs, making them suitable targets to reduce drug toxicity. This observation enables a strategy for the design of highly specific inhibitors involving ligands that wrap nonconserved packing defects. The selectivity of these inhibitors is evidenced in affinity assays on a cancer-related pharmacokinome: a powerful inhibitor is redesigned by using the wrapping technology to enhance its selectivity and affinity for a target kinase. In this way, the packing defects of a soluble protein may be used as selectivity filters for drug design.
A Polymorphic Type Dependency Analysis for Logic Programs

An analysis is presented that infers polymorphic type dependencies in logic programs. Using set union as a type constructor and non-deterministic type definitions, the analysis infers more precise information than previous type dependency inference analyses. The analysis is an abstract interpretation based on the S-semantics and derives success patterns for each predicate in the program.
Impact of wind active power control strategies on frequency response of an interconnection

High penetrations of variable generation presents challenges for reliable operation of the power system. Ensuring adequate primary frequency response is one such concern as the generation mix changes with increasing penetration of variable generation and planned retirements of fossil-fired generation. However, inverter-coupled wind generation is capable of contributing to primary frequency response. The focus of the simulation work presented in this paper is to assess the impact of active power control strategies of wind generation on the primary frequency response of an interconnection. All simulations were conducted using the General Electric (GE) PSLF® simulation tool. The base case utilized was developed from the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) Transmission Expansion Planning Policy Committee (TEPPC) 2022 case with light spring load conditions with approximately 15% wind penetration. The 20, 30 and 40% wind penetration study cases were derived from the base case by strategically replacing thermal units throughout the WECC regions with wind generation. The results presented here are intended to develop a broad understanding of potential impact of changing generation mix and wind generation active power controls on the primary frequency response of an interconnection. The results are not intended to represent actual performance of the WECC since simplifying assumptions are used to serve the study purpose.
Characterization of DnudC, the Drosophila homolog of an Aspergillus gene that functions in nuclear motility

Nuclear migration plays a prominent role in a broad range of developmental processes. We have cloned a Drosophila gene, DnudC, encoding a protein that is evolutionarily conserved between humans and fungi. The Aspergillus homolog, nudC, is one of a group of genes required for nuclear migration. DnudC encodes a 38.5-kDa protein, and the carboxy terminal half of the protein shares 52% amino acid identity with Aspergillus nudC. We show that the structural homology between DnudC and nudC extends to the functional level since the Drosophila gene can rescue the nuclear migration defects seen in Aspergillus nudC mutants. Immunolocalization studies using antisera against DnudC reveal that the protein is localized to the cytoplasm in Drosophila ovaries and embryos. Our data suggest that the nudC genes may be components of a functionally conserved pathway involved in the regulation of nuclear motility.
A Nickel's Worth of Cancer

In this issue, Carrier and colleagues report the period prevalence of cancer in patients with VTE at 3 time points and confirm that unprovoked VTE is more commonly associated with cancer than provo...
Decay of 109Cd

Abstract The decay of 109Cd was followed for a period of 220 d by observing the 88 keV gamma transition with a Ge(Li) spectrometer. The half-life of 109Cd was found to be 459±6 d. The energy of the gamma ray resulting from the transition was found to be 87.9±0.2 keV.
205 Identification of Shunts Based on the Shape of Dilution Curve

Background and aims: The shape of dilution curve will dramatically change after indicator passes through the cardiopulmonary system in the presence of intra-cardiac shunts and a PDA. The purpose of this study was to develop an accurate algorithm for shunt identification and apply it to archived clinical data. Methods: A mathematical model of indicator movement through cardiopulmonary system for three situations was developed: Three parameters of dilution curve were examined: Three possible scenarios were defined based on the probability “P” of shunt identification: Results: In play-back mode the developed algorithm was applied to a clinical data archive of 1,188 dilution curves collected from adults (n=131) and from children (n=112) weighing between 0.9 - 130 kg. Sensitivity of the method was 94%, and false positive diagnostic was 0.9%. Figure Conclusions: Automatic identification of shunts and PDA yielded acceptable accuracy. New PICU monitor (COstatus, Transonic Systems Inc., NY) in addition to measuring cardiac output and blood volumes, identifies the presence of intra-cardiac shunts based on developed algorithm. Next step will be to quantify the observed shunt flow value. Grant support: NIH SBIR # R44 HL061994
Three- or Four-Section Displays for Permissive Left Turns? Some Evidence from a Simulator-Based Analysis of Driver Performance

Many jurisdictions are using the flashing yellow arrow (FYA) to control protected and permissive left turns. For cost and other reasons, some jurisdictions have or are considering implementing FYA with a three-section vertical head, displaying the flashing yellow indication in the same signal face as the protected green arrow. The current Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices permits the operation of a three-section vertical head only for permissive turns in locations where heights are restricted. This paper summarizes a comparison of driver performance with three- and four-section FYA signal configurations gathered in a high-fidelity, motion-based driving simulator with mobile eye-tracking equipment. The experiment controlled for the effects of the opposing traffic, the presence and walking direction of pedestrians, and the signal head arrangement. A 24-intersection simulated environment was created, and 27 subjects completed the course, producing 620 permissive left-turn maneuvers for further analys...
Zonal Winds and the Angular Momentum Balance of Venus’ Atmosphere within and above the Clouds

Temperatures and pressures inferred from radio occultation data acquired by the Pioneer Venus orbiter between September 1982 and November 1983 are used to derive cyclostrophic zonal winds in the middle atmosphere of Venus (1350 to 2.1 mb, 10 deg to 70 deg latitude). The main feature of the wind field is a jet positioned just above the cloud tops at 70 km and approximately 48 deg latitude. The maximum speed of the jet is about 130 m/s. A comparison with results of similar analyses on Pioneer Venus radio occultation data obtained between December 1978 and October 1981 suggests an equatorward shift of the jet and a decrease in jet speed during this five-year time interval. It is proposed that the poleward transport of westward zonal momentum by the upper branch of the cloud level Hadley cell supplies the excess momentum of the jet and maintains it against dissipation. The location of the jet thereby provides a minimum estimate of the latitudinal extent of the Hadley cell. Cyclostrophic zonal wind velocities decrease with height above about 70-75 km. It is suggested that this deceleration of the superrotation in equatorial latitudes is due to the dissipation of vertically propagating thermal tides forced primarily at altitudes around 65 km.
May-Thurner syndrome: case report and review of the literature involving modern endovascular therapy.

May-Thurner syndrome is a rare clinical entity involving venous obstruction of the left lower extremity. Obstruction occurs secondary to compression of the left common iliac vein between the right common iliac artery and the underlying vertebral body. Current management largely involves endovascular therapy. A review was conducted of six studies containing at least five patients with May-Thurner syndrome treated by endovascular therapy. We compiled data on 113 patients, analyzing patient demographics, treatment details, and outcome. An 18-year-old female presented 1 week after the onset of left lower extremity pain and swelling. Duplex ultrasonography revealed extensive left-sided deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Thrombolysis followed by iliac vein stent placement restored patency to the venous system, with subsequent resolution of symptoms. Review of 113 patients revealed that the majority were females (72%) presenting with DVT (77%), most of which was acute in onset (73%). Therapy consisted of catheter-dir...
Students' perceptions of characteristics associated with social success: Changes during early adolescence

article i nfo Article history: Students' endorsement of different characteristics associated with social success (sincere, responsible, dominant, disingenuous behaviors, appearance/athletic characteristics) were examined at six-month intervals for four time points spanning the transition from elementary to middle school (N = 558; 53% girls, 47% boys; 56% African American, 44% European American). Students' perceptions of socially successful children as sincere and responsible declined over time, whereas students' perceptions of socially successful children as dominant, disingenuous, and attractive/athletic increased over time. However, sincere behavior remained a top-rated characteristic at all time points and dominant and disingenuous behavior remained at the bottom, indicating that although the developmental trends were concerning the overall picture was not bleak. At all time points, girls endorsed sincere behavior as more important, and dominant and disingenuous behaviors and appearance/athletic characteristics as less important, to social success than boys. African American girls perceived appearance/athletic characteristic as less important to social success than other students.
Freeze Frame: Alaska Eskimos In the Movies

Freeze Frame: Alaska Eskimos In the Movies. ANN FIENUP-RIORDAN. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1995. xxi. 234 pp., maps, illustrations, filmography, references, index.
Single-frequency Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ ring laser

Over 500 mW of single-frequency power has been obtained from a Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ ring laser pumped by 10 W (all lines) from an argon ion laser. The ring laser can be tuned from 750 to 850 nm while maintaining more than 100 mW in single-frequency operation without realignment or a change of optics. The free-running frequency stability of the laser is 3 MHz. Thermal effects cause changes in the ring cavity parameters, limiting the output power. This ring laser has also been operated with an acoustooptic mode locker to obtain 200-ps mode-locked pulses at 250 MHz with nearly the same average power as in single-mode operation. >
Human safety data collection and evaluation for the approval of new animal drugs.

Before a new drug is approved for use in food‐producing animals, data are required which demonstrate that food derived from the animal does not contain unsafe residues. Also, an analytical method for residues must be provided which is practicable for government surveillance and enforcement activities. Residue information is derived by using radiolabeled drugs to study metabolism in the animal for which the drug is intended. Residues in the edible tissues are characterized, and the amount of residues and their rates of depletion from the different tissues after cessation of drug treatment are determined. Bioassays with laboratory animals are used to study the toxicity of the drug and its important metabolites and to establish tolerance limitations. From this information, the conditions for the analytical method are established—that is, the compound(s) measured (the marker), the tissue (target tissue) monitored to ensure control of “total residue,”; and the required sensitivity. The method is subjected to v...
Ruthenium labeling of micropinocytotic activity in the rat visceral yolk-sac placenta.

Visceral yolk-sac placentas of rats were autopsied from 12-, 17-, and 22-day pregnancies. The membrane is known to transport proteins from maternal to fetal systems only during the last of these 3 stages. Protein absorption previously has been shown to be initiated by micropinocytosis at the apices of the epithelial cells which cover the membrane. The pits and vesicles which are formed by this process are fuzzy-coated, or alveolate. In the present study, the yolk-sac membrane from each selected stage was treated with ruthenium red which binds at the site of micropinocytotic vesicle formation and which catalyzes osmium reduction during subsequent processing of the tissue. By this method, the micropinocytotic process was observed in detail. Morphologically, the alveolate vesicles come into close relationship with a subapical system of microvesicles and canaliculi, a system which, in turn, communicates with large storage vacuoles. By the ruthenium method, relative micropinocytotic activities at different gestational ages also were determined. The 12-day membrane appeared micropinocytotically very active. At the 17-day stage, on the other hand, the membrane was relatively quiescent. At 22 days, the placental membrane exhibited a degree of activity about like that at 12 days. Consequently, at the gestational ages which were examined, no correlation was observed between the rate of micropinocytotic uptake of protein and known protein transport rates.
Cubic Base Change for GL(2)

We prove a relative trace formula that establishes the cubic base change for GL(2). One also gets a classification of the image of base change. The case when the field extension is nonnormal gives an example where a trace formula is used to prove lifting which is not endoscopic.
Mortality among rubber workers: IX. Curing workers

This research examined mortality among 1,152 white male production workers employed in the tire-curing department of a large rubber manufacturing plant. To determine whether these men had any cause-specific mortality excesses, their experience was compared with that of both the U.S. white male general population and a group of production workers at the same plant who had not worked in the curing division. Both types of comparisons indicated that the curing workers experienced excess mortality from lung cancer. There were 45 deaths from lung cancer among curing workers compared to 24.6 expected based on the age- and calendar period-specific rates of other rubber workers. In addition, the mortality rate ratio for pneumonia was 2.2 for curing relative to noncuring workers. These findings are consistent with the results of other studies and suggest that occupational exposures may have contributed to the development of pulmonary disease among curing workers.
Efficacy of screening flexible sigmoidoscopy for colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic subjects.

Abstract purpose: Although flexible sigmoidoscopy is recommended in patients over age 40 to complement fecal occult blood screening for colorectal neoplasia, the yield of this procedure in asymptomatic, average-risk subjects has varied between studies. In addition, the efficacy of flexible sigmoidoscopy in detecting early curable carcinoma has been the subject of debate. We therefore undertook this study to assess the efficacy, safety, and cost of the procedure for early detection of colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic subjects. patients and methods: Flexible sigmoidoscopy with a 60-cm scope was performed in 412 asymptomatic veterans (mean age, 63.2 years). Subjects with positive fecal occult blood and those at increased risk for colorectal neoplasia were excluded. Costs were estimated on the basis of Medicare payments. results: A mean length of 56.1 cm of sigmoid and descending solon was examined. A total of 132 polyps were detected in 93 subjects (22.6%). Thirty-five percent of the polyps were located at a distance of greater than 30 cm from the anal verge. Of 122 polyps removed, 26% were 1 cm in size or larger. A total of 77 polyps (63%) were adenomas, and six polyps (5%) were carcinomas. Of the six carcinomas detected (two carcinoma in situ , one Astler Coller stage A, two stage B1, and one stage C1), five were in a localized stage and thus potentially curable. The cost of detecting each potentially curable carcinoma was $47.174. No complications from flexible sigmoidoscopy were noted. conclusion: In conclusion, 60-cm flexible sigmoidoscopy is a safe, high-yield procedure for the initial screening of colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic, average-risk subjects over the age of 50. Because the carcinomas detected were still in an early stage, such screening may improve survival.
Prediction of mortality using on-line, self-reported health data: empirical test of the RealAge score.

Objective We validate an online, personalized mortality risk measure called “RealAge” assigned to 30 million individuals over the past 10 years. Methods 188,698 RealAge survey respondents were linked to California Department of Public Health death records using a one-way cryptographic hash of first name, last name, and date of birth. 1,046 were identified as deceased. We used Cox proportional hazards models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to estimate the relative scales and predictive accuracies of chronological age, the RealAge score, and the Framingham ATP-III score for hard coronary heart disease (HCHD) in this data. To address concerns about selection and to examine possible heterogeneity, we compared the results by time to death at registration, underlying cause of death, and relative health among users. Results The RealAge score is accurately scaled (hazard ratios: age 1.076; RealAge-age 1.084) and more accurate than chronological age (age c-statistic: 0.748; RealAge c-statistic: 0.847) in predicting mortality from hard coronary heart disease following survey completion. The score is more accurate than the Framingham ATP-III score for hard coronary heart disease (c-statistic: 0.814), perhaps because self-reported cholesterol levels are relatively uninformative in the RealAge user sample. RealAge predicts deaths from malignant neoplasms, heart disease, and external causes. The score does not predict malignant neoplasm deaths when restricted to users with no smoking history, no prior cancer diagnosis, and no indicated health interest in cancer (p-value 0.820). Conclusion The RealAge score is a valid measure of mortality risk in its user population.
A technique for verifying and correcting a milled polyurethane definitive cast for nonsegmental implant restoration in an edentulous jaw

This report describes a technique that uses an acrylic resin verification device and polyvinyl siloxane impression to verify and correct the analog position in a milled polyurethane definitive cast with removable periimplant soft tissue replica for a nonsegmental implant restoration in an edentulous jaw.
A method for the spatial reconstruction of bubble chamber tracks

A spatial reconstruction method for bubble chamber tracks is described, which requires a minimum number of measurements, involves a relativeiy simple computation, and yields results of a precision comparable to those obtained by more complex methods. The method is based on the fact that the properties of a track in a bubble chamber can be determined quite accurately from knowledge of the coordinates of three points on the track. The three space points are used to determine the parameters of a helix. Corrections can be made for the effects of magnetic field variations and energy loss. (A.G.W.)
Exact boundary controllability results for a Rao–Nakra sandwich beam

Abstract The Rao–Nakra model of a three layer sandwich beam is analyzed for exact boundary controllability. The damped and undamped cases are considered. The multiplier method is used to obtain required observability inequalities that imply controllability. It is shown that if the control time T is large enough, under certain other parametric restrictions, the system is exactly controllable.
ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE AND 250H VITAMIN D IN BREAST-FED INFANTS IN BEIJING, CHINA

A high incidence of rickets among infants in the Peoples Republic of China has been reported, etiology unclear. The vit. D status of infants in China has not been investigated. The specific effect of sunshine (UV) exposure on D status in any infant is unstudied. We hypothesized that breast-fed infants in China have low vit. D status and UV exposure increases serum 25OH vit. D into the normal range. 54 breast-fed term infants 1 to 8 mos. without D supplements were randomly assigned into 2 grps. in a 2 mo. study, Sept. and Oct. (mos. of high UV exposure): controls with "usual" sun exposure; and experimental with 2 hr. sun/d. Infants received only human milk, rice soup, fruit juice and mashed vegetables and exposed mostly face and forearms. A 20 nurse team monitored UV exposure with diaries and a unique infant UV dosimeter. Only 100 μl blood samples were permissible in infants. Serum 25OHD was measured by protein binding assay after chromatography. (N 11 to 68 ng/ml). Mean maternal 25OHD was 22 ng/ml. Infant 25OHD correlated with mother's (r=0.48). Infant 25OHD ranged 3 to 61 ng/ml at entry with 20% <11 ng/ml. Mean ± SE 25OHD did not change for controls (21 ± 3 vs 18 ± 3 ng/ml, pre- vs. post- 2 mo.sun exposure 83 min./d) but increased significantly for experimental (28 ± 4 vs 40 ± 5 ng/ml, p<0.01, sun 144 min./d). Thus, infant 25OHD correlated with maternal 25OHD; although infants in Beijing may receive moderate sun exposure in fall, 20% of 25OHD are low and additional sun exposure for 2 mos. increases serum 25OHD towards normal.
Viscoelastic characterization and self-heating behavior of laminated fiber composite driveshafts

Abstract The high cyclic strain capacity of fiber reinforced polymeric composites presents an opportunity to design driveshafts that can transmit high power under imperfect alignment conditions without the use of flexible couplers. In weight sensitive applications such as rotorcraft, the design of highly optimized driveshafts requires a general modeling capability that can predict a number of shaft performance characteristics—one of which is self-heating due to dynamic loading conditions. The current investigation developed three new flexible matrix composite materials of intermediate matrix modulus that, together with previously developed composites, cover the full range of material properties that are of potential interest in driveshaft design. An analytical model for the self-heating of spinning, misaligned, laminated composite shafts was refined to suit the full range of materials. Inputs to the model include ply-level dynamic material properties of the composite, cyclic strain amplitude and frequency, and various heat transfer constants related to conduction, radiation, and convection. Predictions of the surface temperature of spinning shafts correspond well with experimental measurements for bending strains of up to 2000 μe, which encompasses the range of strains expected in rotorcraft driveshaft applications.
Face Validation of a Novel Robotic Surgical Simulator

OBJECTIVES To assess the face validity of Robotic Surgery Simulator (RoSS), a novel virtual reality training platform for the da Vinci Surgical System (DVSS). METHODS Urologic surgeons, fellows, and residents attending the 2009 American Urologic Association Annual Meeting in April 2009 were invited to an orientation session with RoSS. Participants completed a questionnaire after orientation and two modules. RESULTS Thirty participants including 24 surgeons and fellows experienced with robotic surgery and 6 robotic surgery novices participated in the study. Eighty percent participants had at least 4 years of experience with robotic surgery and 77% had performed an average of 340 cases on the DVSS as primary console surgeons. Subjects indicated that RoSS was realistically close to the DVSS console in terms of virtual simulation and instrumentation. Fifty-two percent of subjects rated RoSS somewhat close and 45% rated RoSS very close to the DVSS console. Thirty-seven percent rated RoSS pinch device somewhat close, and 47% very close to the DVSS. With regard to movement of the arms, 43% rated it somewhat close, 40% rated it very close, and 7% felt that it was just like the DVSS. Camera movement and clutch functions were rated not close (11%), somewhat close (57%), and very close (32%) to the DVSS. Data were further analyzed in terms of surgical volume. Thirty-eight percent of subjects had also tried the Mimic dV-Trainer robotic surgery simulator. CONCLUSIONS RoSS provides opportunity for robot-assisted surgical training for future error-free surgery. Further validation will be necessary to assess RoSS and the application of specific modules for robot-assisted surgical training.
Positivity and crossing symmetry: An application of moment inequalities to unitarized π-π Veneziano models

Abstract The advantages of the Balachandran and Nuyts double partial-wave expansion for the testing of both crossing symmetry and positivity in low-energy π-π models are discussed. Particular emphasis is laid on the need for numerical accuracy in order to obtain significant results, and a number of simple unitarized Veneziano models are examined as an illustration of the techniques.
Introduction to the Special Issue: The Influence of Cultural and Linguistic Variables on Student Behavior and Academic Performance

Although focus on linguistic and cultural variables in education has been a priority at the federal level, few empirical papers reporting experimental analyses of the influence of these variables have been published. The goal of this special issue is to highlight recent experimental analyses of cultural or linguistic variables on student behavior or academic performance and to illustrate the challenges in translating an applied behavior analytic approach across languages and cultures. The special issue is comprised of studies that address three issues relevant to behavioral education: (1) comparative effects of providing academic instruction or addressing challenging behavior of children with intellectual and developmental disorders in English or their home language of Spanish, (2) delivering effective instructional practices with students from diverse racial and cultural groups, and (3) considerations regarding the translation of applied behavior analysis in education for adoption in a different language and culture.
Australian nationality and nationalism, 1850–1900 1

(1961). Australian nationality and nationalism, 1850–1900. Historical Studies: Australia and New Zealand: Vol. 9, No. 36, pp. 351-367.
The role of πσ* state in intramolecular electron-transfer dynamics of 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile and related molecules

Evidence is presented which indicates that the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile proceeds by a new mechanism in which πσC≡N* state is the intermediate of a consecutive process that takes the initially excited ππ* state to the fully charge-separated ICT state. The absence of the ICT-state formation in 4-aminobenzonitrile is attributed to the smaller electron-donor strength of the amino group relative to the dimethylamino group, which hinders the πσ*→ICT charge-shift reaction.
Toxocariasis Masquerading as Liver and Lung Metastatic Nodules in Patents with Gastrointestinal Cancer: Clinicopathologic Study of Five Cases

Background There are sporadic reports in the literature in which radiologic liver and lung lesions found incidentally during follow-up metastatic surveillance were shown to be caused by toxocariasis.
Cutting a Drop of Water Pinned by Wire Loops Using a Superhydrophobic Surface and Knife

A water drop on a superhydrophobic surface that is pinned by wire loops can be reproducibly cut without formation of satellite droplets. Drops placed on low-density polyethylene surfaces and Teflon-coated glass slides were cut with superhydrophobic knives of low-density polyethylene and treated copper or zinc sheets, respectively. Distortion of drop shape by the superhydrophobic knife enables a clean break. The driving force for droplet formation arises from the lower surface free energy for two separate drops, and it is modeled as a 2-D system. An estimate of the free energy change serves to guide when droplets will form based on the variation of drop volume, loop spacing and knife depth. Combining the cutting process with an electrofocusing driving force could enable a reproducible biomolecular separation without troubling satellite drop formation.
Child and youth care in American and Europe: A history of fruitful mutual influences in special education and in therapy

Regarding services for children with special needs, there has been a long tradition of international exchange of new ideas and practices. Between Europe and North America these mutual influences have been particularly strong. Some important themes and issues in recent decades include the psychodynamic movement, the educateur profession, learning disabilities, behavior modification, Makarenko-inspired collectives for young people with drug problems in Scandinavia, and deinstitutionalization in Italy. There is a need for greater international communication but also for some caution against the precipitate adoption of novel and trendy ideas.
The oxidation of glycine and propionic acid in propionic acidemia with ketotic hyperglycinemia.

The Oxidation of Glycine and Propionic Acid in Propionic Acidemia with Ketotic Hyperglycinemia
Teaching Human Rights: Creating an Informed Citizenry in the Classroom

: Gretchen E Schafft is contributing editor of “Human Rights Forum,” the AAA Committee for Human Rights column in Anthropology News.
The application of a light guiding flexible tubular waveguide in evanescent wave absorption optical sensing

A light guiding flexible fused silica (FFS) capillary has been used in designing evanescent wave (EW) absorption based chemical sensors. The FFS capillary is similar to a conventional silica optical fiber in that it can guide light in the wavelength region from UV to near infrared, but different from a conventional optical fiber in that it is a tubular waveguide. The inner surface of the FFS capillary is fused silica, which was coated with a reagent doped polymer in order to design an optical fiber chemical sensor. The FFS capillary has a cladding layer plus a protection polymer coating on its outside surface. The cladding layer ensured the capability of the FFS capillary for guiding light. The protection coating increases the FFS capillary's mechanical strength and makes it robust in practical applications. This makes the FFS capillary very useful in designing an EW based optical chemical sensor of a long path length. Techniques for activating the inner surface of an FFS capillary, coating the inner surface of the capillary with a polymer, connecting the coated capillary to a light source and a photodetector, and delivering a sample through the capillary have been developed in this work. Three optical sensors for sensing Cu(II), toluene in water samples and ammonia in a gas sample have been fabricated and tested. Preliminary test results obtained in this work illustrate the feasibility of fabricating highly sensitive EW absorption based chemical sensors with the light guiding FFS capillary.
Long-term effects of intravenous hyperalimentation administered during intensive chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Sixty-five patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma received their first two of three courses of intensive induction chemotherapy with (30 patients) or without (35 patients) intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Patients predominantly had extensive disease (55%), Zubrod's performance status 0 to 2 (63%) and 6% pretreatment weight loss (68%). Both treatment arms were comparable by prognostic factors. The chemotherapy included six remission induction courses of ECHO chemotherapy (E: epipodophyllotoxin VP-16–213; C: cyclophosphamide; H: hydroxydaunorubicin; O: oncovin [vincristine]) followed by six courses of maintenance with PRIME (PR: procarbazine; I: ifosfamide; ME: methotrexate). Prophylactic brain irradiation was given to all patients. Patients with limited disease received chest irradiation at the completion of ECHO. Fifty of 52(96%) evaluable patients responded with a complete (56%) or partial (40%) remission. The complete remission (CR) rate was higher in the control arm (66% versus 43%; P = 0.11). Response duration and survival of patients was similar for both treatment arms. Combined median survival duration for all patients with limited and extensive disease was 15.75 and 11.50 months, respectively. Combined median survival duration for CR patients with limited and extensive disease was 25 and 13 months, respectively. Administration of IVH did not ameliorate the hematologic, gastrointestinal and infectious morbidity of ECHO chemotherapy. The IVH was effective in preserving body weight and improving delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a battery of skin test antigens. Administration of intensive ECHO chemotherapy to patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma resulted in high response rates, acceptable toxicities and improved survival. Administration of IVH did not improve the short- and long-term results of chemotherapy, and did not ameliorate its morbidity. Nutritional support, however, was helpful in preventing patient's weight loss. Cancer 59:362–369, 1987.