cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Hidden Airframe Corrosion by Time-Resolved Infrared Radiometry (TRIR)

Since hidden corrosion is expected to be the primary factor limiting the service life of military and civilian aircraft, the problem of detection of hidden corrosion needs to be solved to allow for life extension. A quantitative thermographic NDE technique for the characterization of hidden corrosion is under development along with supporting theoretical analysis. In earlier work [1,2] we have shown that the technique of time-resolved infrared radiometry (TRIR) is an effective method for quantitatively detecting coating thickness variations and for characterizing the degree of coating disbonding in terms of equivalent air gaps. In this paper we examine the applicability of TRIR techniques to the characterization of corrosion damage in airframes by investigating plate specimens of 2024-T3 aluminum with both milled defects and corroded regions produced by an accelerated corrosion test.
Uses and Limitation of Continuous-Time Models to Examine Dyadic Interactions

In this chapter we present an application of the exact discrete model, first proposed by Bergstrom, to model daily interactions among romantic couples. The theoretical model is based on work by Felmlee and Greenberg (J Math Soc 23(3):155–180, 1999), which specifies that change in affect results from the combination of a weighted difference between long-term expectations and daily ratings as well as daily ratings between partners in the dyad. To verify the correct specification, we used simulated models using the LSDE SAS/IML package developed by Singer.
Assessment of interprofessional collaboration before and after a simulated disaster drill experience

Abstract Introduction With increasing acuity, patient care requires a collaborative approach by a team of providers. Recent literature indicates healthcare professionals lack the ability to work in collaboration with other healthcare professionals resulting from communication and collaborative practice gaps. Background/Literature Disasters require a rich collaboration of teams in order to be effective. As a result, interprofessional collaboration is a foundational underpinning of disaster preparedness. The overall purpose of this study was to assess perceptions of interprofessional collaboration before and after participating in an interprofessional simulated disaster drill as part of a Community Health Nursing course. Methods This pre-test, post-test descriptive research design assessed communication, collaboration, roles/responsibilities, patient focus, team functioning and conflict management of nursing students who participated in a simulated disaster drill. Data/Results Participants were nursing majors and primarily Caucasian females (n = 50, 89% and n = 56, 97% respectively), representative of the school of nursing population at the University. Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test indicated that scores for the total ICAR post-test were significantly lower than the Total ICAR pre-test (Z = −2.006, p = .045, r = −0.19). While each of the individual sections of the ICAR had a lower mean score on the ICAR post-test as compared to the pre-test, collaborative patient/client-family centered approach was statistically significant (p = 0,0.002). Discussion Following the simulated disaster drill experience, nursing students identified gaps in communication, collaboration, roles and responsibilities, collaborative patient/client-family centered approach, team functioning, conflict management/resolution. Conclusions The study assessed the perceptions of interprofessional collaboration among undergraduate nursing students before and after a simulated disaster drill. The assessment identified the need to integrate interprofessional competencies in disaster preparedness education.
Cardiac Output Measurement Using the Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor: A Validation Study in Newborn Infants.

Objectives We aimed to determine the accuracy and validity of the Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM) measurements of cardiac output (CO) compared to echocardiography in newborn infants, and the inter-rater agreement of USCOM measurements. Methods In a single-center study we prospectively evaluated neonates undergoing an echocardiographic evaluation. USCOM measurements of CO were obtained at the pulmonary and aortic valve by 2 physicians blinded to the echocardiographic results. All echocardiographic measurements were performed blinded to USCOM measurements. We first enrolled an ascertainment cohort which was subsequently validated in an independent new cohort. Agreement between echocardiography and USCOM methods was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed the agreement between the 2 operators. The ascertainment cohort correction factors were applied in a second validation cohort and agreement of the calibrated measures evaluated with repeat Bland-Altman comparisons. Results A total of 50 infants were enrolled in the initial cohort and 15 in the validation cohort. There was a high degree of correlation between the USCOM operators (ICC = 0.975). USCOM measurements of CO were significantly higher compared to echocardiography (left ventricular output bias 95 ± 52 mL/kg/min and right ventricular output bias 64 ± 30 mL/kg/min). There was no difference in the subgroup of infants with and without a ductus arteriosus. After the correction was applied to the validation cohort, there was no longer a significant difference between the measures. Conclusions CO measured by USCOM consistently overestimated the results obtained from echocardiography. USCOM is not adequate to provide absolute estimates of CO. However, it may allow longitudinal hemodynamic assessment of sick neonates.
Limitations of Analytical Mechanistic Approaches to Biological Neural Networks

The primary theoretical principle—reflexion or reflex—that has determined the development of neurophysiology, and still continues to do so, is about three hundred and fifty years old. This classical point of view teaches us to understand the nervous system as a device that functions according to the formula “stimulus-reaction.” The theory goes back to the sixteenth century, when Rene Descartes developed the first scientific reflex theory, based on the knowledge of that time regarding the motion of liquid through a system of connected vessels that possesses a pump and valves. In fact, it was the first technogenic idea that was used to explain brain function.
Acute and Chronic Changes in the Nigrostriatal Loop After Treatment with Antipsychotic Drugs

ABSTRACT The allosteric change in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) terminals was used to monitor the response of this system to antipsychotic drugs. The activation of striatal TH induced by haloperidol was blocked by: 1) intranigral application of agents that stimulate GABA receptors or elevate GABA in SN, or 2) intrastriatal application of agents that block GABA receptors or decrease striatal GABA. Since blockade of striatal GABA receptors increased the turnover rate of GABA in SN, it appears that striatal GABAergic interneurons may inhibit the striatonigral GABA projections. Additional evidence for a reciprocal relationship between striatal and nigral GABA transmission derives from studies of the effects of chronic antipsychotic treatment or lesions of nigrostriatal DA neurons: 1) GABA turnover in striatum was enhanced, 2) GABA turnover in SN was reduced and 3) GABA receptors in SN became supersensitive. The data suggest that actions of DA in striatum are expressed via changes in striatonigral GABA transmission; by blocking striatal DA transmission, antipsychotic drugs increase GABA activity in striatum and reduce GABA utilization in SN. The increase in GABA receptors in SN resulting from chronic exposure to antipsychotics may account for the decline of the effect of these drugs on striatal TH; it may also alter the response of non-DA nigral efferents that are important for motor control. Alteration of striatonigral GABA function may therefore mediate some of the time-dependent behavioral changes produced by long-term antipsychotic drug treatment.
Luditic matemático: un proyecto para enseñar y aprender en la Educación básica en Colombia

La identificacion y el analisis de las falencias presentadas en el area de matematicas de los estudiantes del grado 6to y 7mo ano, de la creo las bases para implementar una propuesta que integre el conocimiento disciplinar con las tecnologias actuales, y en respuesta de esta exigencia utilizar la ludica y la informatica como recurso para estimular motivaciones, desarrollar de habilidades matematicas y competencias ciudadanas. El trabajo informa acerca de las posiciones teoricas y metodologicas que asume el autor para crear el proyecto, se incluye referencia a procedimiento que se siguio y a los resultados. Palabras clave: Aplicacion de las TIC, Pedagogia de Proyectos de aula, Metodologia de Aprendizaje Activo. ABSTRACT The identification and analysis of the shortcomings presented in the area of mathematics of 6th and 7th grade students, I create the basis for implementing a proposal that integrates disciplinary knowledge with current technologies, and in response to this requirement use playfulness and computer science as a resource to stimulate motivations, develop mathematical skills and citizen skills. The work informs about the theoretical and methodological positions that the author assumes to create the project, including reference to the procedure that was followed and the results. Keywords: Application of ICT, Pedagogy of Classroom Projects, Active Learning Methodology.
Self-efficacy and coping style in Iraq and Afghanistan-era veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder

Objective To examine self-efficacy and coping style in combat-exposed Veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods Veterans (N = 81) were categorized into four groups: comorbid mTBI and PTSD (n = 23), PTSD-only (n = 16), mTBI-only (n = 25), and combat-exposed controls (n = 17). Outcomes included the Self-Efficacy for Symptom Management Scale and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced. Results Significant group effects were found on self-efficacy and coping style, even when adjusting for total mTBIs and psychiatric comorbidities. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the comorbid and PTSD-only groups generally had lower self-efficacy than the mTBI-only and control groups and that the PTSD-only group used less action-focused coping than the mTBI-only and control groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that self-efficacy and coping style vary as a function of mTBI history and PTSD status and that it may be important to integrate these malleable factors into interventions for this population.
Real-Time Monitoring of Human Guanine Deaminase Activity by an Emissive Guanine Analog.

Guanine deaminase (GDA) deaminates guanine to xanthine. Despite its significance, the study of human GDA remains limited compared to other metabolic deaminases. As a result, its substrate and inhibitor repertoire are limited, and effective real-time activity, inhibitory, and discovery assays are missing. Herein, we explore two emissive heterocyclic cores, based on thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine (thN) and isothiazole[4,3-d]pyrimidine (tzN), as surrogate GDA substrates. We demonstrate that, unlike the thieno analog, thGN, the isothiazolo guanine surrogate, tzGN, does undergo effective enzymatic deamination by GDA and yields the spectroscopically distinct xanthine analog, tzXN. Further, we showcase the potential of this fluorescent nucleobase surrogate to provide a visible spectral window for a real-time study of GDA and its inhibition.
Outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy in patients selected by computed tomography perfusion imaging - a matched cohort study comparing nonagenarians to younger patients.

BACKGROUND Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is efficacious for appropriately selected patients with large vessel occlusions (LVO) up to 24 hours from symptom onset. There is limited information on outcomes of nonagenarians, selected with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from a large academic hospital between December 2017 and October 2019. Patients receiving EVT for anterior circulation LVO were stratified into nonagenarian (≥90 years) and younger (<90 years) groups. We performed propensity score matching on 18 covariates. In the matched cohort we compared: primary outcome of inpatient mortality and secondary outcomes of successful reperfusion (TICI ≥2B), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and functional independence. Subgroup analysis compared CTP predicted core volumes in nonagenarians with outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 214 consecutive patients (26 nonagenarians, 188 younger) underwent EVT. Nonagenarians were aged 92.8±2.9 years and younger patients were 74.5±13.5 years. Mortality rate was significantly greater in nonagenarians compared with younger patients (43.5% vs 10.4%, OR 9.33, 95% CI 2.88 to 47.97, P<0.0001) and a greater proportion of nonagenarians developed sICH (13.0% vs 3.0%, OR 6.00, 95% CI 1.34 to 55.20, P=0.02). There were no significant differences for successful reperfusion (P=1.00) or functional independence (P=0.75). Nonagenarians selected with smaller ischemic core volumes had decreased mortality rates (P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS Nonagenarians were noted to have greater mortality and sICH rates following EVT compared with matched younger patients, which may be ameliorated by selecting patients with smaller CTP core volumes. Nonagenarians undergoing EVT had similar rates of successful reperfusion and functional independence compared with the younger cohort.
Condensed-Phase Xenon and Krypton in UO2 Spent Fuel

Solid or near-solid xenon-krypton particles in light-water-reactor spent fuels having a wide range of burnup and gas release characteristics were studied by analytical transmission electron microscopy. The fission-gas particles formed at high temperatures near the fuel pellet centers and were associated with metallic e-phase particles and high local strains inside the UO2 grains. Distinctive angular pits, formed by gas escape from surface-intersected particles in thin-foil samples, also indicated the presence of the particles. Analyses of individual 20-to 100-nm particles by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry indicated compositions near Xe-6 wt% Kr and densities appropriate to solid xenon, although the particles appeared noncrystalline. The existence of highly pressurized Xe-Kr particles distinct from gas bubbles in reactor spent fuels suggests the possibility of producing inert-gas solids in other ceramics.
Studies on ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase in permeable animal cells. II. Catalytic and regulatory properties of the enzyme in mouse L cells.

Abstract Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) was studied in mouse L cells selectively permeabilized to small molecules by treatment with dextran sulfate ( R. Kucera and H. Paulus, 1982 , Arch. Biochem. Biophys . 214 , 102–113). The reduction of CDP was almost completely dependent on added ATP or adenyl-5′-yl imidodiphosphate, and that of GDP on dTTP. The pattern of inhibition by deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates was similar to that observed by others in cell-free preparations except for a somewhat higher sensitivity to inhibition. The substrate saturation curves for CDP and GDP were hyperbolic with apparent K m values of 0.05 and 0.24 m m , respectively. The maximum velocities for CDP and GDP reduction were close to the in vivo rate of DNA synthesis. Ribonucleotide reductase activity was not affected by the addition of ferric salts but was inhibited by the chelators bathophenanthroline sulfonate and thenoyltrifluoroacetone and also by hydroxyurea. EDTA caused a reversible stimulation of GDP reduction and an irreversible inhibition of CDP reduction; the latter could be partially reactivated by the addition of magnesium salts. Ribonucleotide reductase activity was inhibited by arsenite but only slightly stimulated by NADPH or dithiols; however, if the cells were first treated with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, an almost complete dependence on NADPH was observed which could also be met by dithiothreitol or dihydrolipoic acid but not by reduced glutathione. This suggests that ribonucleotide reductase in dextran sulfate-treated L cells is relatively tightly coupled to an endogenous hydrogen donor system.
Parents, children, neighbors and the shadow [binary code theorems]

Discusses five code theorems. The author brings together several concepts with interesting relations to each other. All the codes are binary. The weights of all vectors in a self-orthogonal code must be even, however all weights in a code can be even without the code being self-orthogonal. The author calls C even if all its weights are even, and calls C doubly-even (d.e.), if the weights of all vectors in C are divisible by 4. A vector whose weight is divisible by 4 is also called d.e. An even code which is not doubly-even is called singly-even (s.e.). The author calls an even code balanced if it contains the same number of vectors whose weights are /spl equiv/0(mod 4) as those of weights /spl equiv/2(mod 4). Any s.e. self-orthogonal code is balanced. The author calls a coset balanced if either all weights in it are even and half are /spl equiv/0(mod 4), half /spl equiv/2(mod 4) or all weights are odd and half are /spl equiv/1(mod 4), half /spl equiv/3(mod 4). >
Differences in Sexual Orientation Diversity and Sexual Fluidity in Attractions Among Gender Minority Adults in Massachusetts

This study characterized sexual orientation identities and sexual fluidity in attractions in a community-based sample of self-identified transgender and gender-nonconforming adults in Massachusetts. Participants were recruited in 2013 using bimodel methods (online and in person) to complete a one-time, Web-based quantitative survey that included questions about sexual orientation identity and sexual fluidity. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to examine the correlates of self-reported changes in attractions ever in lifetime among the whole sample (n = 452) and after transition among those who reported social gender transition (n = 205). The sample endorsed diverse sexual orientation identities: 42.7% queer, 19.0% other nonbinary, 15.7% bisexual, 12.2% straight, and 10.4% gay/lesbian. Overall, 58.2% reported having experienced changes in sexual attractions in their lifetime. In adjusted models, trans masculine individuals were more likely than trans feminine individuals to report sexual fluidity in their lifetime (aRR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.34, 2.12). Among those who transitioned, 64.6% reported a change in attractions posttransition, and trans masculine individuals were less likely than trans feminine individuals to report sexual fluidity (aRR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.28, 0.69). Heterogeneity of sexual orientation identities and sexual fluidity in attractions are the norm rather than the exception among gender minority people.
Pharmacologic treatment of cognitive deficits and hypersexuality due to "shaken-baby syndrome".

Objective:To describe the clinical effects of amantadine and propranolol in an agitated pediatric patient with cognitive deficits, hyperactivity, and hypersexualism secondary to “shaken-baby syndrome.”Background:Patients with shaken-baby syndrome can present with cognitive and behavioral impairments.Case:A 9-year-old girl presented with cognitive impairments secondary to shaken-baby syndrome at 3 weeks of age. She was receiving many medications, including dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, and clonidine, that were not effective in improving her cognitive status or decreasing her hypersexuality. She was weaned from stimulants and clonidine and prescribed amantadine 100 mg bid with improvement of attention, concentration, and cognition, although hypersexuality remained. She was then started on propranolol 10 mg tid and a gradual increase to 40 mg tid with amelioration of hypersexuality and hyperactivity and no unwanted effects noted. Self-weaning of propranolol was associated with the return of hypersexual...
Defining Expertise in the Use of Constraint-based CAD Tools by Examining Practicing Professionals

Academic engineering graphics curricula are facing a rapidly changing knowledge base and current teaching and assessment methods are struggling to keep pace. This paper is the second in a two-part series which examines practicing engineering graphics professionals to discover their experiences in developing expertise in the use of constraint-based CAD tools. It presents the results of a knowledge-mapping task and think-aloud modeling task used with five practicing product designers to examine their solid modeling strategies used when creating a 3D model and their organization of the concepts surrounding the knowledge domain of constraint-based CAD tools. The results of the think-aloud modeling task yielded five specific modeling procedures which were distilled into one common modeling procedure for the given object. The results of the knowledge mapping task revealed five separate knowledge maps, and the common elements from each one were combined to form a generic knowledge map related to the use of constraint-based CAD tools. These two sets of results comprised the initial elements used to define expertise in the use of constraint-based CAD tools based on these five participants. This article provides an initial look at an approach to creating geometry with constraint-based CAD tools, as well as specific topics to be included in a curriculum that includes constraint-based CAD tools. There conclusions also suggest potential teaching and assessment methodologies.
Daily urinary assay of luteinizing hormone by an immunologic method.

Abstract 1. 1. Immunologic cross-reaction between HCG and LH has been demonstrated using an hemagglutination inhibition method. 2. 2. Daily urinary assay of LH by an immunologic method in a group of normal menstruating women shows a midcycle rise of LH about the time of ovulation. These findings agree with those previously published using biologic assay methods. 3. 3. LH assays on a small group with ovulatory failure show different patterns of excretion. The possibilities of further studies with this method are discussed.
Simulations of 2-flavor QCD on a 324 lattice at β = 5.7

Abstract We report on the large volume, hadron mass calculations in full QCD with 2-flavor staggered fermions currently being performed on the Columbia 256-node parallel supercomputer. The calculations are being done at β = 5.7 with quark masses of ma = 0.01 and 0.025 on a 324 volume using the hybrid algorithm.
Controlled Molecular Weight Polyimides from Poly(amic acid) Salt Precursors

Controlled molecular weight, thermoplastic polyimides have been prepared via poly(amic acid) salt precursors. 2,2-Bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride and m-phenylenediamine (the Ultem monomers), together with calculated amounts of phthalic anhydride were reacted in N-methylpyrrolidinone as well as in tetrahydrofuran to form poly(amic acid)s with controlled molecular weights. Poly(amic acid) salts were prepared in heterogeneous reactions of the poly(amic acid)s with quaternary ammonium bases or triethylamine dissolved in methanol or water, to yield soluble salts. The poly(amic acid) salts were then melt imidized in air at 250 or 300 °C for 30 min. Results suggest that the poly(amic acid) salt counterion controls the mechanism by which the salt imidizes, which in turn controls the properties of the final polyimide. The triethylammonium poly(amic acid) salts yielded linear, thermoplastic, molecular weight controlled polyimides upon melt imidization. The polyimides prepared from the poly(am...
The exclusive economic zone: Compatibility of national claims and the un convention on the law of the sea

Abstract The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is the newest juridical zone which has emerged from the recent evolution of the law of the sea. The EEZ represents the culmination of efforts to devise a transitional zone between the territorial sea, in which the coastal state has sovereignty subject to the right of innocent passage, and the high seas, an area whose use has been regarded traditionally as free for all. The creation of the EEZ, whose outline is embodied in Part V of the 1982 UN. Law of the Sea Convention, marks an important departure from the law of the sea regime codified in the four conventions drafted at the first U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1958. In this latter system the high seas began at the outer limit of the territorial sea; in the new law of the sea this is no longer the case as the EEZ has been interposed between the territorial sea and the high seas. While the general legal concept of the EEZ has gained increasing support, differences remain as to the balance of interests ...
Paleoclimatic Estimates from Water and Energy Budgets of East African Lakes

The Turkana, Nakuru-Elmenteita, and Naivasha basins in the Rift Valley of East Africa experienced high water levels during the period of 10,000–7000 yr B.P. Analyses of the modern hydrologic and energy budgets for these basins, along with that of Lake Victoria, were used to infer the amount of precipitation that would have been required to maintain the enlarged paleolakes of the early Holocene. Precipitation must have been at least 150–300 mm/yr (15 to 35%) above the modern average. The precipitation estimates were fairly consistent among the various basins, but no quantitative estimate was made for the additional precipitation required to account for overflow from the Rift Valley lake basins. Discharge from the Lake Victoria basin around 1880 A.D. was considerably above the more recent average, and the increased discharge into the White Nile for that period might have been similar to that of the early Holocene. A sensitivity analysis showed that temperature changes were probably not too important for changing the hydrologic-energy budget; changes of albedo, Bowen ratio, and cloudiness were likely to have been of greater importance.
Ada 95 bindings for the NCSA hierarchical data format

This paper describes Ada95 bindings for HDF4 and HDF5, the current versions of the NCSA Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). These self-describing file formats are intended for storage of large, diverse collections of scientific data and for retrieving subsets of these data. The libraries also support data compression, chunking of large arrays, and automatic conversion of vendor-specific binary formats for a variety of data types.
SP-B and SP-C containing new synthetic surfactant for treatment of extremely immature lamb lung.

Although superiority of synthetic surfactant over animal-driven surfactant has been known, there is no synthetic surfactant commercially available at present. Many trials have been made to develop synthetic surfactant comparable in function to animal-driven surfactant. The efficacy of treatment with a new synthetic surfactant (CHF5633) containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, SP-B analog, and SP-C analog was evaluated using immature newborn lamb model and compared with animal lung tissue-based surfactant Survanta. Lambs were treated with a clinical dose of 200 mg/kg CHF5633, 100 mg/kg Survanta, or air after 15 min initial ventilation. All the lambs treated with air died of respiratory distress within 90 min of age. During a 5 h study period, Pco2 was maintained at 55 mmHg with 24 cmH2O peak inspiratory pressure for both groups. The preterm newborn lamb lung functions were dramatically improved by CHF5633 treatment. Slight, but significant superiority of CHF5633 over Survanta was demonstrated in tidal volume at 20 min and dynamic lung compliance at 20 and 300 min. The ultrastructure of CHF5633 was large with uniquely aggregated lipid particles. Increased uptake of CHF5633 by alveolar monocytes for catabolism was demonstrated by microphotograph, which might be associated with the higher treatment dose of CHF5633. The higher catabolism of CHF5633 was also suggested by the similar amount of surfactant lipid in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) between CHF5633 and Survanta groups, despite the 2-fold higher treatment dose of CHF5633. Under the present ventilation protocol, lung inflammation was minimal for both groups, evaluated by inflammatory cell numbers in BALF and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα mRNA in the lung tissue. In conclusion, the new synthetic surfactant CHF5633 was effective in treating extremely immature newborn lambs with surfactant deficiency during the 5 h study period.
Application of the pitch modulation maneuver in the region of the ''limiting'' entry velocity.

Future manned interplanetary missions to Mars arid beyond may require entry vehicles capable of sophisticated maneuvers in order to utilize aerodynamic braking on Earth return. The purpose of this paper is to analyze one such maneuver, pitch angle modulation for peak g alleviation, which allows extension of the maximum deceleration limited entry velocity beyond that attainable by the roll-control maneuver. It is also the purpose here to define the available entry corridors in this region of entry velocity. The ranges of variables considered in this study are lift-drag ratios of 0 to 3 and maximum deceleration loads of 6 to 14 g. It is shown that the use of pitch modulation is quite effective in increasing the entry corridor for velocities from below to slightly above the roll-controlled zero-corridor "limiting" entry velocity. For zero corridor width, use of the pitch modulation maneuver yields only a small increase in the "limiting" entry velocity above that obtainable by the roll maneuver. Large increases are obtainable, however, for realistic entry corridors. This increase is shown to be dependent on the lift-drag ratio and maximum deceleration limit. The unexpected result that both the overshoot and undershoot boundaries are "skip" limited is demonstrated. It is concluded that the use of pitch modulation may be desirable for entry at velocities in the region of the "limiting" velocity.
Aligning planning with outcomes

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the process of identifying, applying and assessing the balanced scorecard model on a five‐year, strategic plan in an academic, medical library two years into the five‐year period. The existing strategic plan consisted of eight inter‐connected pathways with multiple goals and objectives, generating a high volume of data, which made it difficult to track the implementation of the plan.Design/methodology/approach – A research query seeking an alternative to the current strategic plan framework was developed and researched. This process identified the balanced scorecard as a possible successful alternative to the eight inter‐connected pathways in place. After the application of the balanced scorecard, a second query, with assessment criteria, was developed to determine if the balanced scorecard did, in fact, provide a better framework than the original plan.Findings – The balanced scorecard restructured the eight pathways into four perspectives to create an aligned, cause...
Estimation of Leakoff Pressure Gradient from Cementing and Casing Data

The paper describes the development and use of a new procedure for finding safe value of casing shoe leak-off pressure in surface holes in the shallow-marine sediments (SMS). Presented is a theoretical proof, supported by field data from leak-off tests, that, in SMS, annulus channeling outside cement occurs more likely at pressure values smaller than the rock fracturing pressure. Hence, for upper well sections in SMS the prediction of casing shoe strength should be based on critical conditions for annulus channeling rather than rock fracturing. It is also shown that pressure required for casing shoe leak off behind cement can be determined from contact stress between cement and wellbore. Contact stress deveiops during the process of cement setting as a result of volumetric changes in the annulus. Set up is a mathematical model of contact stress around casing shoe based on cement volume reduction and compensation from casing string, cement compressibility and wellbore. Using readily available data of well geometry, casing properties and cementing operation, simple procedure, explained in this paper, gives a good estimation of cement fracture compared with actual leak-off test values. The study identifies two factors, related directly to drilling technology, that control critical pressure of cement channeling in SMS: contact stress at casing shoe - resulting from cementing operations, and rock penetration by liquid an invasion of drilling fluid into the lock around the casing shoe. It is shown in the paper that changes in cementing and drilling practices may increases casing shoe integrity and reduce the need for cement squeeze treatments.
Method for Optimizing Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Banding Pattern Data

The genomic DNA of 47 strains of TSST-1 toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus were cleaved with SmaI restriction endonuclease and resolved in an agarose gel by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). An algorithm was designed to standardize the band weights or brightness (trace quantity) produced to a bounded region between 0 and 1 regardless of DNA fragment size while simultaneously reducing gel-to-gel variability. The algorithm allows for classification of isolates by band intensity as well as DNA mobility without a numerical hierarchy of band intensity that is caused by ranging DNA fragment lengths. On analysis many isolates were classified as separate entities on the basis of DNA co-migration only. Isolates differing by only DNA co-migration were subjected to a second digestion with restriction enzyme SacII. These isolates were characterized similarly to the standardized trace quantity analysis of SmaI PFGE patterns. The standardization method proposed in this article permits characterization of isolates on the basis of band differences, regardless of DNA co-migration, thus increasing the discriminatory power (0.79 to 0.89) of PFGE by increasing band-associated information. An established unbiased approach to the partitioning of data were also explored.
Project Management Best Practices: Achieving Global Excellence (Kerzner, H.; 2006)

This book is organized into 13 chapters, covering a wide variety of fundamental project management issues and activities, including various methodologies, integrated processes like TQM and concurrent engineering, culture, and management support. Each of these chapters is filled with specific company examples. Harold Kerzner has hit a genuine home run with this book. It is highly readable, informative, and most importantly, filled with vignettes and detailed examples of how some of the best project management practitioners make it work successfully.
Control of linear water waves in a simple region

Waves on a fluid surface may be controlled by the movement of the containing walls. This paper considers small-amplitude linear waves in a two-dimensional region. For a simplified geometry, we construct the open-loop control which steers a given initial state to zero in infinite time, and show that no such control exists for finite time.
Human IgG subclass assays using a novel assay method.

Abstract To facilitate assays for human IgG subclasses, we have adapted a novel assay method (particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay) (Jolley et al., 1984; MacCrindle et al., 1985) using one polyclonal and several monoclonal antibodies for human IgG subclasses. The advantages of this new assay over previously described methods are sensitivity (0.3–3 μg/ml), and autmated measurement of multiple samples in a short time (2 h). We found that a monkey antibody for IgG2 and monoclonal antibodies for IgG1, IgG4b epitope, and IgG3 can be adapted to this method. We evaluated 7 different antibodies to IgG4 without finding a suitable monoclonal antibody for this assay method. Several of these IgG4 hybridoma antibodies, however, could be used in a competitive radioimmunoassay using polyvinyl microtiter plates. The usefulness of a monoclonal antibody to the IgG4b epitope was evaluated because no suitable monoclonal antibodies for IgG2 are available. Because IgG4 levels are usually much smaller than IgG2 levels, and the IgG4b epitope is expressed on all IgG2 alleles and only some IgG4 alleles (Kunkel et al., 1970), the antibody for IgG4b is potentially useful to screen a large number of samples for IgG2 deficiency. However, when the monoclonal antibody for IgG4b was compared with an IgG2 specific antibody produced in a monkey, the IgG4b antibody could identify only about half of the patients with known IgG2 deficiency.
Generation of sub-30-fs microjoule mid-infrared pulses for ultrafast vibrational dynamics at solid/liquid interfaces

We describe temporal compression of ultrabroadband, few microjoule mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) employed in a sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopic system, operating in total-internal-reflection geometry. The propagation of the mid-IR beam through optical materials results in a significant temporal chirp at the probed interface, which is analyzed and corrected by properly managing the total dispersion of materials introduced into the mid-IR beam path. By employing the simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing of the broadband infrared pulses at the probed interface, we achieve a sub-50-fs full width at half-maximum (FWHM) for the instrument response function, measured via SFG cross correlation of the ultrashort mid-IR pulses with an ultrashort (∼30 fs) near-IR pulse from a synchronized, independently tunable NOPA. From the SFG cross-correlation FWHM, we extract a sub-30-fs mid-IR pulse duration, making it a suitable SFG spectroscopic system to investigate vibrational dynamics in hydrogen-bonded systems at interfaces.
Nuclear-quadrupole optical hole burning in the stoichiometric material EuP 5 O 14

Hole burning, which is attributed to optical pumping of nuclear-quadrupole levels, has been observed in the stoichiometric rare-earth compound, EuP5O14. The long lifetime of these holes (∼60 min) implies slow nuclear-spin flip-flop rates. The small magnetic moment of Eu3+ has prevented conventional magnetic-resonance measurements on Eu3+ compounds, but hole burning provides a sensitive method for the optical detection of nuclear-magnetic resonance and nuclear-quadrupole resonance. We have used hole burning and optically detected nuclear-quadrupole resonance to determine quadrupole splittings in the ground (7F0) and excited (5D0) states.
Mammalian target of rapamycin hyperactivity mediates the detrimental effects of a high sucrose diet on Alzheimer's disease pathology

High sugar consumption and diabetes increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) by unknown mechanisms. Using an animal model of AD, here we show that high sucrose intake induces obesity with changes in central and peripheral insulin signaling. These pre-diabetic changes are associated with an increase in amyloid-β production and deposition. Moreover, high sucrose ingestion exacerbates tau phosphorylation by increasing Cdk5 activity. Mechanistically, the sucrose-mediated increase in AD-like pathology results from hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key nutrient sensor important in regulating energy homeostasis. Specifically, we show that rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, prevents the detrimental effects of sucrose in the brain without altering changes in peripheral insulin resistance. Overall, our data suggest that high sucrose intake and dysregulated insulin signaling, which are known to contribute to the occurrence of diabetes, increase the risk of developing AD by upregulating brain mTOR signaling. Therefore, early interventions to modulate mTOR activity in individuals at high risk of developing diabetes may decrease their AD susceptibility.
Porosity swelling and transmutation contributions to conductivity changes in some neutron-irradiated copper alloys

Fast-neutron irradiation of alloys for fusion-reactor applications produces bulk changes in the density and composition via porosity swelling and transmutation which affect the do volume electrical and thermal conductivities ( σ = 1/ ϱ e and K ). For the Cu materials of our study, neutron fluences of 2 × 10 26 n/m 2 ( E > 0.1 MeV) produced increases in Ni and Zn concentrations of about 0.05 and 0.09 wt%, respectively, and porosity swelling of 0–7%; ϱ e accordingly increased as much as 18%. We also determined the individual ϱ e changes due to both swelling and transmutation via use of an appropriate mixing rule and of Matthiessen's law to unmask any residual effects present, e.g., phase or microstructural changes. For four materials — two pure copper and two alumina-dispersion-strengthened (ADS) alloys — subtraction of these δϱ e 's from the irradiated values yielded or nearly yielded the respective control values. In contrast, the two precipitation-strengthened (PS) alloys studied, MZC and AMZIRC, had relatively large negative residues, apparently indicating effective radiation-induced conductivities.
Microscopics of toner transfer across a gap

The electric field transfer of charged toner particles across a gap has been investigated. Distributions in size and charge of spherical particles, as well as random placement, are allowed for in a computer simulation. The approximation of a semiinfinite slab model of toner on a substrate is used to derive some general trends. While a complete model would require consideration of nonspherical toner, polarization, and Van der Waals forces, the approach described here is in semi-quantitative agreement with visual observations and measurements of toner mass transfer as a function of field.
Fundamental chemistry and modeling of group-III nitride MOVPE

Abstract We have used a combination of experiments, reactor modeling, and quantum chemical calculations to investigate parasitic chemical reactions that occur during AlGaInN MOVPE. Our results indicate that the parasitic chemical reactions occur in the boundary layer near the growing surface and ultimately lead to the formation of nanoparticles, which we observed using in situ laser light scattering. We have also developed a thermophoretic particle capture technique to collect nanoparticles and analyze them with ex situ TEM. In all cases, the nanoparticles contained the group-III element used in the MOVPE process (i.e., Al, Ga, In). We have used FTIR to investigate the critical initial chemical reactions and conclude that the particle nucleation chemistry for AlN proceeds via a concerted pathway, while the particle nucleation chemistry for GaN and InN proceeds via a bond homolysis, or radical pathway. We have also developed a particle nucleation and growth model that explains the strong residence time dependence observed during AlN and GaN MOVPE.
Mapping the spatial distribution of dust extinction in NGC 959 using broadband visible and mid-infrared filters

We present a method to estimate and map the two-dimensional distribution of dust extinction in the late-type spiral galaxy NGC 959 from the theoretical and observed flux ratio of optical V and mid-IR (MIR) 3.6 μm images. Our method is applicable to both young and old stellar populations for a range of metallicities, and is not restricted to lines of sight toward star-formation (SF) regions. We explore this method using a pixel-based analysis on images of NGC 959 obtained in the V band at the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope and at 3.6 μm (L band) with Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera. We present the original and extinction corrected Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV) images, as well as optical UBVR images of NGC 959. While the dust lanes are not clearly evident at GALEX resolution, our dust map clearly traces the dust that can be seen silhouetted against the galaxy's disk in the high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of NGC 959. The advantages of our method are (1) it only depends on two relatively common broadband images in the optical V band and in the MIR at 3.6 μm (but adding a near-UV band improves its fidelity); and (2) it is able to map the two-dimensional spatial distribution of dust within a galaxy. This powerful tool could be used to measure the detailed distribution of dust extinction within higher redshift galaxies to be observed with, e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 (optical near-IR) and James Webb Space Telescope (mid-IR), and to distinguish properties of dust within galaxy bulges, spiral arms, and inter-arm regions.
Experimental study of nearshore dynamics on a barred beach with rip channels

[1] Wave and current measurements are presented from a set of laboratory experiments performed on a fixed barred beach with periodically spaced rip channels using a range of incident wave conditions. The data demonstrate that the presence of gaps in otherwise longshore uniform bars dominates the nearshore circulation system for the incident wave conditions considered. For example, nonzero cross-shore flow and the presence of longshore pressure gradients, both resulting from the presence of rip channels, are not restricted to the immediate vicinity of the channels but instead are found to span almost the entire length of the longshore bars. In addition, the combination of breaker type and location is the dominant driving mechanism of the nearshore flow, and both are found to be strongly influenced by the variable bathymetry and the presence of a strong rip current. The depth-averaged currents are calculated from the measured velocities assuming conservation of mass across the measurement grid. The terms in both the cross-shore and longshore momentum balances are calculated, and their relative magnitudes are quantified. The cross-shore balance is shown to be dominated by the cross-shore pressure and radiation stress gradients in general agreement with previous results, however, the rip current is shown to influence the wave breaking and the wave-induced setup in the rip channel. Analysis of the longshore balance shows that the overall strength of the longshore feeder currents is governed by a balance between longshore pressure gradient forcing and an opposing radiation stress gradient. In addition, the longshore feeder currents show maxima in the bar trough region, providing experimental evidence that longshore pressure gradients can shift longshore current maxima shoreward from the bar crest. Finally, since the longshore radiation stress gradient in the surf zone is governed by the amount of wave dissipation on the rip current, there exists a positive feedback mechanism whereby a strong rip current can weaken the radiation stress gradient opposing the feeder currents and lead to even stronger feeder currents and rips.
Driving while intoxicated (DWI) convictions and job-related flying performance—a study of commercial air safety

This paper is a report on the relationship between driving while intoxicated (DWI) convictions and job-related flying performance. The data, obtained by the Federal Aviation Administration, focuses on commercial air accidents and incidents in the years 1986–1992. Pilot-error accidents were modelled using logistic regression with age, experience (total flying hours), risk exposure (recent flying hours) and employer (major/non-major) as the independent variables. This study provides empirical evidence that job-related flying performance differs significantly between airline pilots with and without DWI convictions. It also suggests that passengers on a commercial flight flown by a pilot with DWI(s) may incur an increased accident risk. DWI background checks may be an effective method for improving commercial air safety if used with appropriate follow-up actions.