cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolving trends in risk profiles and causes of death after heart transplantation: a ten-year multi-institutional study.

Abstract Background: As therapeutic options evolve for advanced heart failure, the appropriate role for cardiac transplantation will require survival analyses that reflect changing trends in causes of death and patient and institutional risk profiles. Results from multi-institutional studies could be used to monitor progress in individual centers. Methods: Between 1990 and 1999, 7290 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation in 42 institutions entered a formal outcomes study. Changing survival, causes of death, and patient risk profiles were analyzed. Multivariable risk-factor equations were applied to a single institution (300 primary heart transplants) to examine differences in risk-adjusted expected versus observed actuarial outcomes over time. Results: Overall survival in the 42 institutions improved during the decade ( P =.02). One- and 3-year cardiac transplant research database survival was as follows: era 1 (1990-1992), 84% and 76%, respectively; era 2 (1993-1995), 85% and 79%, respectively; and era 3 (1996-1999), 85% and 79%, respectively. Causes of death changed over time. Pretransplantation risk profiles increased over time ( P =.0001), with increases in reoperations, devices, diabetes, severely ill recipients, pulmonary vascular resistance, sensitization, ischemic times, donor age, and donor inotropic support. Three-year actuarial survival in a single institution was 3% less than risk-adjusted predicted survival in era 1, 1% higher than predicted in era 2, and 7% higher than predicted in era 3. Conclusions: Survival after cardiac transplantation is gradually improving, despite increasing risk profiles. Further improvement requires periodic re-evaluation of risk profiles and causes of death to target areas of surveillance, therapy, and research. By using these methods, progress at individual institutions can be assessed in a time-related, risk-adjusted manner that also reflects changing institutional experience, expertise, or both. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:881-90
Induction of Hepatic δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase by Oral Contraceptive Steroids

ABSTRACT The ability of oral contraceptive steroids to induce the hepatic enzyme, δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALAS), has been examined in vivo in a model test system utilizing 15- to 16-day-old chick embryos. ALAS controls the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of porphyrins and heme. All the progestational components of the contraceptive mixtures studied had potent ALAS inducing activity except for chlormadinone acetate. The inducing capacity of the different progestational agents varied, but all showed positive dose-response relationships. Neither of the estrogenic components of the oral contraceptives, mestranol or ethinyl estradiol, induced the enzyme significantly by itself, nor did these estrogens alter the degree of induction by the progestational compounds. The possible relevance of these findings to the increased urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid reported in some normal women receiving oral contraceptives, and to the experimental hormonal therapy of selected patients with acute...
Photoelastic determination of mixed mode stress intensity factors for sharp reentrant corners

Abstract This paper uses photoelasticity and digital image analysis to develope an algorithm for determining stress intensity factors (SIFs) in 90° reentrant corners. To utilize the advantage of “whole-field” photoelasticity and to minimize the random experimental errors, the overdeterministic least squares method of Sanford combined with Newton-Raphson method is used to obtain SIFs. The algorithm is used to determine SIFs in plates with 90° reentrant corner(s) and the obtained SIFs agree well with the available numerical and theoretical values.
Spatial Autocorrelation and the Classic Maya Collapse revisited: Refined techniques and new conclusions

Abstract A recent paper in this journal [Whitley & Clark (1985) Spatial Autocorrelation Tests and the Classic Maya Collapse: Methods and Inferences. Journal of Archaeological Science 12, 377–395.] presented an introduction to the topic of spatial autocorrelation. That paper focused particularly on a spatial autocorrelation test for a variable distributed in areal units (e.g. counties or countries). The test was employed to analyse the terminal distribution of dated monuments at lowland Classic Maya sites which yielded the conclusion of a lack of geographic pattern in the dates and, by inference, the Maya collapse itself. This result is particularly surprising because pattern clearly is indicated in a simple plot of the data and a host of archaeologists have perceived, or have shown with other techniques, pattern in the distribution of these dates. Whitley & Clark's analysis is shown to be seriously flawed, however, because their use of an area-based statistic forced them to severely compromise the quality of the point-pattern data set they analysed. A revised spatial autocorrelation test for point-distributed data is presented that may generally be more appropriate for archaeological data. This test is used to re-analyse the Maya data and it is demonstrated that significant geographic pattern does indeed exist, thus agreeing with the perceptions and findings of Mayanists. Owing to the contradictory findings obtained by two very similar analyses, the need for a careful and thoughtful approach to the analysis of data is emphasized as is the importance of matching appropriate inference methods to the problem at hand.
Delays in Appropriate Antibiotic Therapy for Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter, Community Hospital Study

Background Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious condition with estimated 30% mortality. Clinical outcomes for patients with severe infections improve when antibiotics are appropriately chosen and given early. The objective of this study was to estimate the association of prior healthcare exposure on time to appropriate antibiotic therapy in patients with gram-negative BSI.
Thermophilic mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens.

A series of heat tolerant mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens were obtained which can grow at temperatures up to 54°C, in contrast to a maximum growth temperature of 37°C for the wild type. The minimum temperatures allowing growth of the mutant strains increased to the same extent as their maximum temperatures. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns suggested the mutants had altered ribosomes, but the purified mutant ribosomes showed no significant increase in thermostability. The virulence of the wild and mutant strains for mice correlated with their relative abilities to grow at the mouse body temperature of approximately 37°C.
Wealth dynamics: reducing noise in panel data

Although the asset data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is of very high quality, there is sufficient noise to frustrate attempts to study saving behaviour by examining wave-to-wave change in wealth. In this research, we attempt to reduce noise by means of reactive-dependent interviewing in which respondents with large inexplicable changes in assets between 1998 and 2000 are called back by HRS interviewers, presented with their prior reports and asked to reconcile the data. We achieved reconciliation for 1255 households (2479 net-worth components) and, as a result, the variance in measured change for the entire sample of 11,583 households with the same financial respondents in both waves was cut in half. The empirical validity of the data also appears to have been improved. The correlation of gross change in net worth and income, for instance, increased from an insignificant negative to a highly significant positive value. Although reconciliation of large asset changes marginally improves the goodness of fit of multivariate models, there remains sufficient noise in the asset-change data to require analysts to employ additional methods to reduce the influence of outliers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of isolated soy protein on plasma biomarkers in elderly men with elevated serum prostate specific antigen.

Purpose: We performed a randomized double-blind crossover pilot study in elderly men with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) on the effects of the daily consumption of 2 soy beverages, each containing 20 gm. of isolated soy protein, on the isoflavone concentration in blood and urine, and on the 3 serum biomarkers cholesterol, PSA and the soluble p105 component of the p185erbB-2 proto-oncogene.Materials and Methods: A total of 34 men supplemented their diet by consuming 1 of 2 soy protein beverages assigned randomly twice daily for a 6-week period. In a second 6-week period they consumed the other soy protein beverage. The beverage ISP+ provided 42 mg. of genistein and 27 mg. of daidzein daily, whereas the other beverage, ISP−, provided only 2.1 and 1.3 mg. of these isoflavones daily, respectively. Blood and 24-hour urine samples were obtained before the study, at 2-week intervals during the study and 2 weeks after study completion.Results: ISP+ and to a lesser extent ISP− substantially increased the...
FcεRI -INDUCED ACTIVATION BY LOW ANTIGEN CONCENTRATIONS RESULTS IN NUCLEAR SIGNALS IN THE ABSENCE OF DEGRANULATION

High affinity IgE receptor (FcvarepsilonRI)-induced activation of mast cells results in degranulation and generation of leukotrienes and cytokines. FcvarepsilonRI-induced mast cell activation was analyzed at a single cell basis using a rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell line transfected with a reporter plasmid containing three tandem NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) binding sites fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). Surprisingly, with this sensitive detection system, there is activation of IgE sensitized cells at concentrations of antigen as low as 10pg/ml, which was 10-fold lower than was detected by degranulation. There were differences in signaling pathways leading to degranulation compared to NFAT-mediated gene activation. Both signaling to NFAT activation and degranulation required Syk and calcineurin. However inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway blocked degranulation but did not NFAT activation. The results also indicate that NFAT was activated at lower intracellular signals compared to degranulation. Therefore, FcvarepsilonRI activation can result in nuclear signals in the absence of the release of mediators.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate Osteolysis Around Total Knee Arthroplasty

Wear-induced osteolysis remains a common problem after total knee arthroplasty and may be particularly difficult to detect clinically or radiographically around the femoral component. We describe the use of magnetic resonance imaging to identify particulate-induced osteolysis around the distal femur and proximal tibia in 2 patients with total knee arthroplasties. The extent of the osteolysis was not apparent from standard x-rays, and the information provided by the magnetic resonance imaging facilitated preoperative discussion with the patient as well as preoperative planning for the surgery.
A practical method for determining Green's functions using Hadamard's variational formula

This article studies the behavior of the Green's function as a function of the length of the interval. The solution of the boundary-value problem $$\begin{gathered} \ddot u - q(t)u = - g(t), 0< t< a \hfill \\ u(0) = 0, \dot u(a) = 0 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ can be expressed in the form $$u(t) = \int_0^a { G(t,y)} g(y) dy$$ The Green's functionG is viewed as a function of the interval lengtha, which leads to an effective initial-value method forG. Results of some numerical experiments are included.
Fe2+–Mg partitioning between olivine and basaltic melts: Applications to genesis of olivine-phyric shergottites and conditions of melting in the Martian interior

Abstract Fe 2+ –Mg partitioning between olivine and basaltic melt, expressed by the exchange coefficient, K D ol – melt Fe – Mg [=( X melt Mg / X olivine Mg )/( X melt Fe 2 + / X olivine Fe 2 + )] is widely used to check if a rock composition may represent a mantle-derived magma, to demonstrate equilibrium between coexisting olivine and groundmass in mafic–ultramafic systems, both in experiments and in natural assemblages, and to constrain liquid lines of descent where olivine is the dominant fractionating phase. However, K D ol – melt Fe – Mg of 0.30, which is appropriate for understanding most terrestrial basalts petrogenesis may not apply for Martian basalts as K D ol – melt Fe – Mg is known to depend strongly on the melt compositions and Martian systems produce basalts that are distinctly richer in iron than terrestrial basalts. Here we compiled experimental data on olivine–melt equilibria of Martian and terrestrial basalt compositions to parameterize the effect of magma composition on K D ol – melt Fe – Mg and derive the K D ol – melt Fe – Mg applicable for Martian magmatic systems. We find that the equilibrium relationship between olivine and basaltic melt in Martian systems is described by K D ol – melt Fe – Mg of 0.35 ± 0.01. Applying the newly parameterized values of K D ol – melt Fe – Mg to olivine-phyric shergottites suggest that the only known Martian meteorites where the olivine cores and the bulk composition are in equilibrium and therefore could represent magma compositions are: Yamato 980459, NWA 5789, and NWA 2990. LAR 06319, which has been suggested to represent a near magma composition, actually contains ~ 11 wt.% excess olivine. All other ol-phyric shergottites contain significant excess olivine (20–52 wt.%). Further, assuming that the basalts analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers at Gusev crater and the Bounce Rock in Meridiani Planum lie on olivine control lines, we have used our newly parameterized K D ol – melt Fe – Mg to estimate primary magmas in equilibrium with the model Martian mantle. Application of geothermobarometers to new primitive magma compositions suggest that basalt generation in the Martian mantle occurs at greater depths and higher temperatures than previously thought.
Congenital toxoplasmosis: diagnosis by exfoliative cytology.

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, has as its major routes of acquisition either ingestion (of the cyst or oocyte) or transplacental infection (by trophozoites). Transplacental transmission occurs to the fetus in utero or to the newborn at vaginal delivery. Maternally acquired infections can infect the embryo as early as the 7th week of gestation. It has been estimated that 15–17% of maternal infections acquired between the 7th and 14th weeks of gestation are transmitted to the embryo (Lynfield R, Eaton RB., Teratology 1995;52:176-180.). We present a 7-wk-old white male, delivered at 38 wk of gestation, who shortly after birth was found to have hepatosplenomegaly and anemia; he developed liver failure and ascites with persistent anemia during the first week of life. After an extensive, but nondiagnostic, work-up, a paracentesis was performed which lead to a diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. This case demonstrates the utility of exfoliative cytology in determining the cause of neonatal ascites, especially of an infectious etiology. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of Toxoplasma gondii diagnosed by exfoliative cytology in a pediatric patient. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;18:357–361. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Two Common Restoration Methodologies for Pipes that Convey Stormwater Runoff

This study investigated the environmental impact of two commercial stormwater pipe-repair technologies (Ultraliner and Troliner). These technologies use liners believed to contain three plasticizers of potential environmental concern: bisphenol A (BPA), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP). The release of these two products was investigated both experimentally and mathematically. Kinetic batch experiments were conducted to determine if contaminants were leaching from Ultraliner, Troliner, and the grout (used with Troliner) into water. In all cases for all incubation times up to 48 h, none of the three plasticizers were detected in water in contact with any of the pipe-repair materials. A generic GC-FID scan did not detect any unidentified compounds relative to control samples. In addition, a mathematical model of plasticizer leaching from the pipe-liner material was developed. Under various pipe geometries, simulated aqueous concentrations of the plasticizers were less than regulatory limits.
A global learing algorithm for a RBF network

This article presents a new learning algorithm for the construction and training of a RBF neural network. The algorithm is based on a global mechanism of parameter learning using a maximum likelihood classification approach. The resulting neurons in the RBF network partitions a multidimensional pattern space into a set of maximum-size hyper-ellipsoid subspaces in terms of the statistical distributions of the training samples. An important feature of the algorithm is that the learning process includes both the tasks of discovering a suitable network structure and of determining the connection weights. The entire network and its parameters are thought of evolved gradually in the learning process.
Binding of integration host factor (IHF) to the Escherichia coli sodA gene and its role in the regulation of a sodA-lacZ fusion gene.

We used the clectrophoretic mobility-shift assay to reveal specific DNA-protein interactions between DNA fragments containing the sodA promoter and proteins present in Escherichia coli cell-free extracts. We have shown specific binding of several E. coli proteins to sodA promoter sequences and identified one of these proteins as the integration host factor (IHF). Mobility-shift experiments with cell-free extracts prepared from himA (IHF-negative) mutant strains lacked a specific DNA-protein band relative to shifts made with wild-type extracts. Several potential IHF-binding sites were identified in the sodA promoter region. Purified IHF was found to bind specifically to DNA fragments containing the sodA promoter. Further evidence presented suggests that IHF binds to multiple sites in the sodA promoter. We have also investigated the transcriptional regulation of sodA by monitoring the expression of a sodA-lacZ fusion gene in an IHF-negative E. coli strain under different growth conditions. Under aerobic conditions, a deletion in himA (IHF subunit α) resulted in a 60% increase in sodA expression, while having no effect on induction by paraquat. The same deletion in himA did not cause derepression of sodA-lacZ during anaerobic growth, but resulted in an increased response (about twofold) to the presence of 2,2′-dipyridyl compared to the isogenic wild-type strain.
Fundamentals of expertise: II. Communication

Abstract This paper shows a theoretical analysis of the process of communication actions and dialogues, implying experimental research. The basic concepts of the formal system are multimedial units and languages of actions. The theory is a further extension of the theory of actions introduced earlier.
Further results on the risk of nonfatal venous thromboembolism in users of the contraceptive transdermal patch compared to users of oral contraceptives containing norgestimate and 35 microg of ethinyl estradiol.

Abstract Context In 2006, we published a study that indicated that the new transdermal contraceptive patch containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) and the progestin norelgestromin did not increase the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to oral contraceptive containing norgestimate and 35 μg of EE. Objective This report updates information on the risk of nonfatal VTE in women using the contraceptive patch in comparison to women using oral contraceptives containing norgestimate (either monophasic or triphasic) and 35 μg of EE (norgestimate-35) using an additional 17months of data. Design, Setting and Participants Nested case-control design based on information from PharMetrics, a US-based company that collects and organizes information on claims paid by managed care plans. The study was nested among all women, aged 15 to 44 years, who started either the contraceptive patch or norgestimate-35 after April 1, 2002. Cases were women with current use of one of these two study drugs and a documented diagnosis of VTE in the absence of identifiable clinical risk factors (idiopathic VTE) who were not in the earlier study. Up to four controls were matched to each case by age and calendar time. Main Outcome Measures Odds ratios (ORs) comparing the risk of nonfatal VTE in new users of the two contraceptives. Results We identified 56 new cases of newly diagnosed, idiopathic VTE in the updated study population. The OR comparing the contraceptive patch to norgestimate-35 was 1.1 (95% CI 0.6–2.1). Conclusions After evaluating an additional 17 months of data, the results indicate that the risk of nonfatal VTE for the contraceptive patch is closely similar to the risk for oral contraceptives containing 35 μg of EE and norgestimate.
2012 Research Consortium Undergraduate Student Award Winner

This abstract will be among those presented in the oral session: Motor Acquisition and Competence Research scheduled for Thursday, March 15, 10:15–11:30 a.m.
Ionic-charge modification at the surface of polar crystals

A simple variational principle has been applied to obtain a bound on the change in ionic charge of a polar crystal between the surface and the interior. Central to the estimate is the assumption that the energy involves terms analytic in the ionic charge q and that these may be treated as a sum of Madelung, intra-atomic, and interatomic (overlap and hybridization) contributions. The Madelung terms are calculated explicitly, the intra-atomic contributions are obtained from the following paper (Phys. Rev. B 27, 6428 (1983)), and the change in interatomic terms on going from the bulk to the surface is estimated by scaling with coordination number. The results do not replace detailed quantum-mechanical calculations but they are simple computationally, and they suggest trends in the competition between the Madelung potential, which encourages ion charging, and hybridization, which discourages ionic charging, both at the surface and in the interior of a crystal. Nonpolar surfaces are of principal concern but one polar surface is considered indicating that the charge disturbance penetrates much further in from the surface than it does in nonpolar cases where the effect is largely limited to the first layer of atoms.
Development of EEG seizure activity during and after chronic ketamine administration in the rat

Abstract Daily assessment of gross behavior and periodic EEG brain wave activity was performed in rats receiving daily ketamine administration for 1,2 and 3 months. Three groups were used for these studies; the first group received 80 mg kg ketamine intraperitoneally (i.p.), a dose which produces a cataleptoid-like behavior and characteristic EEG hypersynchronous patterns; the second group received 30 mg kg ketamine i.p. which induces behavioral excitation followed by ataxia and desynchronized EEG; the third group received saline control with no change in EEG or behavior noted. Abnormal spike and hypersynchronous bursting activity appeared in both the amygdala and dorsal hippocampus during the course of chronic administration of both the low and high dose of ketamine. The incidence of abnormal brain wave spiking was approximately 50% with 3 out of 5 animals demonstrating abnormal brain wave activity at the high dose and 1 out of 3 at the lower dose. During the course of the three months' administration of both the low and high dose of ketamine there was no evidence of tolerance or potentiation of the drug effect based on EEG or behavioral criteria. Withdrawal of the drug for 5 days following three months of treatment resulted in the appearance of a progressive increase in epileptiform activity without gross behavioral manifestations. The abnormal spike and slow wave EEG activity was not correlated with an observable abnormality in behavior.
Prospective, randomized, crossover study to evaluate the benefit of human chorionic gonadotropin-timed versus urinary luteinizing hormone-timed intrauterine inseminations in clomiphene citrate-stimulated treatment cycles.

Abstract Objective: To compare two methods of timing IUI, urinary LH monitoring and transvaginal ultrasonography/hCG timing of ovulation, in patients receiving clomiphene citrate. Design: Prospective, randomized, crossover study. Setting: Yale University Reproductive Medicine Center. Patient(s): Infertile couples undergoing IUI because of unexplained infertility, anovulation, or male factor infertility. Intervention(s): Patients received clomiphene citrate on days 3–7 of the menstrual cycle and were randomized initially to one of two monitoring protocols. In protocol A, urinary LH monitoring was used to time IUI. Urinary LH levels were determined daily with the use of commercial kits, starting on day 10 of the cycle. When urinary LH was detected, IUIs were performed daily for the next 2 days. In protocol B, ultrasound monitoring of folliculogenesis was performed until a leading follicle of ≥18 mm was noted, at which time hCG (10,000 IU) was given intramuscularly and IUIs were performed daily for the next 2 days. If no pregnancy occurred, the couple crossed over to the alternate protocol for the next cycle and continued this alternating therapy for a total of four cycles. Main Outcome Measure(s): Pregnancy rate per cycle. Result(s): One hundred forty-one cycles were completed. In these cycles, six pregnancies occurred, for an overall pregnancy rate of 4.26% per cycle. The pregnancy rate with LH-timed IUI was 4.29% (3/70) and that with hCG-induced ovulation was 4.23% (3/71); the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion(s): Timing IUI with the use of a relatively expensive and time-consuming method such as ultrasound monitoring of folliculogenesis and hCG induction of ovulation does not appear to produce an increased pregnancy rate over urinary LH monitoring of ovulation.
Coping style use predicts posttraumatic stress and complicated grief symptom severity among college students reporting a traumatic loss

Problem-focused coping, and active and avoidant emotional coping were examined as correlates of grief and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity among 123 college students reporting the unexpected death of an immediate family member, romantic partner, or very close friend. The authors administered to participants, via the Internet, 5 survey instruments that measured demographic characteristics, traumatic event exposure (Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire; L. Goodman, C. Corcoran, K. Turner, N. Yuan, & B. L. Green, 1998), complicated grief (CG) severity (Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised-Short Form; A. E. Latham & H. G. Prigerson, 2004; H. G. Prigerson & S. C. Jacobs, 2001), PTSD severity (PTSD Checklist; F. W. Weathers, B. T. Litz, D. S. Herman, J. A. Huska, & T. M. Keane, 1993), and coping style use (Brief COPE; C. S. Carver, 1997). Results demonstrated that CG and PTSD severity were both significantly positively correlated with problem-focused, and active and avoidant emotional coping styles. The authors used path analysis to control for time since the loss and trauma frequency and found that only avoidant emotional coping remained significant in predicting CG and PTSD severity. Results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications for treating individuals with traumatic losses.
Captan: Transition from ‘B2’ to ‘not likely’. How pesticide registrants affected the EPA Cancer Classification Update

On 24 November 2004 EPA changed the cancer classification of captan from a 'probable human carcinogen' (Category B2) to 'not likely' when used according to label directions. The new cancer classification considers captan to be a potential carcinogen at prolonged high doses that cause cytotoxicity and regenerative cell hyperplasia. These high doses of captan are many orders of magnitude above those likely to be consumed in the diet, or encountered by individuals in occupational or residential settings. This revised cancer classification reflects EPA's implementation of their new cancer guidelines. The procedures involved in the reclassification effort were agreed upon with EPA and involved an Independent Transparent Review as it related to four components that formed the basis of the original 1986 B2 classification: mouse tumors; rat tumors; mutagenicity; and structural similarity to other carcinogens. A Peer Review Panel organized and administered by Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) met on 2-3 September 2003. The Panel concluded that captan acted through a non-mutagenic threshold mode of action that required prolonged irritation of the duodenal villi as the initial key event. EPA's Cancer Assessment Review Committee (CARC) met on 9 June 2004 and endorsed the Peer Review findings. EPA intended to have the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) consider the basis for this reclassification but found the science was robust and judged that a SAP review was not warranted. Using the revised classification, the margin of exposure is approximately 1,200,000, supporting the 'not likely' characterization.
An Auger analysis of the embrittlement of the amorphous alloy Ni40Fe40P14B6

Abstract The amorphous alloy Ni40Fe40P14B6 becomes brittle when heated to temperatures in excess of about 100 °C for 2 h. Auger analysis of the fracture surface of ribbon samples heated at 325 °C and 350 °C showed phosphorus concentrations on the fracture surface greater than twice that of the expected bulk composition. Ion milling to a depth of ∼ 60 A reduced the phosphorus concentration to near that expected for the bulk. The concentrations of Fe, Ni and B on the fracture surface showed only small changes during ion milling. The results indicate that phosphorus has become segregated during the anneal to form discrete regions of high phosphorus concentration which are less than 60 angstrom in diameter. These high phosphorus regions are the cause of embrittlement and may be the nuclei for subsequent crystallization. Auger analysis of the ribbon surface indicates that the material is inhomogeneous, being high in phosphorus near the ribbon surface.
Self-diffusion in tungsten

Self-diffusion in tungsten single crystals has been measured over the temperature range 1700-3400 K (encompassing a range of nine orders of magnitude in the diffusion coefficient $D$). The plot of $\mathrm{ln}D$ vs $\frac{1}{T}$ is curved, and can be fitted by a sum of two exponentials, $D=0.04\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{{5.4}_{5}\mathrm{eV}}{\mathrm{kT}})+46\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}6.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{\mathrm{eV}}{\mathrm{kT}})$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, the first of which probably represents diffusion by single vacancies.
Aneurysmal jugular vein and a large myxoid lipoma: unusual etiology for an enlarging cervical mass in a child

Internal jugular venous aneurysms are extremely rare in the pediatric population. The evaluation and surgical treatment of a myxoid lipoma and a jugular venous aneurysm presenting as an enlarging cervical mass in a child is described. Although neck masses commonly present in childhood, accurate diagnosis of unusual or atypical lesions can now be readily established by noninvasive imaging techniques. Surgical excision of jugular venous aneurysms is safe and effective. Only a few patients require operation and treatment options should be individualized.
Coupled heat and mass transport across an initially stratified thermohaline interface

The results of an experimental investigation aimed at obtaining an understanding of flux transport and entrainment processes associated with a solar pond type of double-diffusive core are presented. At high stability ratios, most of the heat transported from the lower convective layer is found to diffuse into the core. This stored heat constitutes a major part of the total heat balance across the diffusive core, and a need to account for it is indicated by the present data. Entrainment of the diffusive core at its boundary with the lower mixed convecting layer is found to be largely influenced by a series of plumes originating from the lower mixed convecting layer. A new correlation for the entrainment velocity is proposed that is valid in the Richardson number range of 10 to the 3rd to 10 to the 5th. 23 refs.
The role of the Back Rx exercise program in diskogenic low back pain: a prospective randomized trial.

Vad VB, Bhat AL, Tarabichi Y. The role of the Back Rx exercise program in diskogenic low back pain: a prospective randomized trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88: 577-82. Objective: To determine the efficacy of the Back Rx pro- gram in patients with diskogenic low back pain (LBP). Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Outpatient setting of a major university teaching hospital. Participants: Subjects with LBP greater than leg pain for at least 3 months duration and magnetic resonance imaging evi- dence of disk pathology. Fifty of 87 eligible patients consented and were randomized into age- and sex-matched groups. Interventions: Group I participated in the Back Rx program for 15 minutes a day, 3 times a week. All patients, from both groups, received celecoxib (200mg) and hydrocodone (5mg) with acetaminophen (500mg) as needed, and wore a lumbar cryobrace for 15 minutes before bedtime. Main Outcome Measures: Roland-Morris Disability Ques- tionnaire score, numeric pain rating score, patient satisfaction score, measured forward flexion, use of celecoxib, hydro- codone, and acetaminophen, time off work, and rate of symp- tom recurrence. Results: At minimal 12-month follow-up, 70% of group I reported over 50% pain reduction with good or better patient satisfaction, compared with 33% in group II (P.001). Aver- age daily hydrocodone and acetaminophen use and time off work were less for group I (all, P.05). Recurrence of symp- toms at the end of the year was less for group I (P.001). Conclusions: Back Rx exercises, combined with use of a lumbar cryobrace and oral medications, yielded superior ther- apeutic results than with use of medications and cryobrace alone. Also significant was the reduced rate of recurrence in these patients.
Artificial gynandromorphism and plumage inPhasianus

By the time of hatching, male and female pheasant chicks have acquired distinctive and different potentialities in their definitive feather follicles. These differences, which are presumed to be dependent on theZZ andWZ chromosomal constitutions, persist even when the skin is immediately transferred to an individual of the opposite sex. Skin transplantation results in artificial gynandromorphs in which plumage differences appear in the genetically different parts throughout the range of concentration for sex hormones found in normal individuals. The hormones may be classed among the subsidiary factors which the genes utilize in the production of their ultimate effects. It appears that in birds as a class, and even among members of the family Phasianidae, there is considerable variation in the degree to which male and female genotypes are dependent on various hormones for their normal phenotypic expression.
A Preliminary Investigation of Special Needs Students' Global and Mathematics Self-Concepts.

We investigated students' self-concepts within a multidimensional and hierarchical model. Participants were 95 special needs students in grades 3 through 12 who received mathematics instruction in special education classes. Partial support was found for the hierarchical model in special needs students: The relationship between scores on the Piers-Harris self-Concept Scale and Mathematics Achievement (Iowa Tests of Basic Skills) was significantly stronger for elementary students (r =.53) than for secondary students (r =.04). Percent of the school day spent in special education had a negative relationship (p <.05) to scores on Piers-Harris self-Concept Scale and a positive relationship (p <.05) to an investigator-developed mathematics self-concept instrument. The results suggest that special education has a complex relationship to self-concept. Possible implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Evaluation of the Congruence Model with rehabilitating substance abusers

The Congruence Model was used with families of indigent substance abusers. Instead of a focus on pathology, this nursing approach advocated ethnically congruent coping of families within their environment. Forty participants worked on individually chosen goals during eight structured sessions. Evaluation included goal attainment analysis and a comparison of the treated families with families in self-help groups and a control group. Treated families made significant progress with personal and family goals. Treatment and support group families reported better family functioning at one month and fewer relapses two to three months after treatment. The Congruence Model seemed particularly effective if families sought help but did not opt for support groups.
Herbarium specimens reveal the footprint of climate change on flowering trends across north‐central North America

Shifting flowering phenology with rising temperatures is occurring worldwide, but the rarity of co-occurring long-term observational and temperature records has hindered the evaluation of phenological responsiveness in many species and across large spatial scales. We used herbarium specimens combined with historic temperature data to examine the impact of climate change on flowering trends in 141 species collected across 116,000 km(2) in north-central North America. On average, date of maximum flowering advanced 2.4 days °C(-1), although species-specific responses varied from - 13.5 to + 7.3 days °C(-1). Plant functional types exhibited distinct patterns of phenological responsiveness with significant differences between native and introduced species, among flowering seasons, and between wind- and biotically pollinated species. This study is the first to assess large-scale patterns of phenological responsiveness with broad species representation and is an important step towards understanding current and future impacts of climate change on species performance and biodiversity.
An UpDown Directed Acyclic Graph Approach for Sequential Pattern Mining

Traditional pattern growth-based approaches for sequential pattern mining derive length-(k+1) patterns based on the projected databases of length-k patterns recursively. At each level of recursion, they unidirectionally grow the length of detected patterns by one along the suffix of detected patterns, which needs k levels of recursion to find a length-k pattern. In this paper, a novel data structure, UpDown Directed Acyclic Graph (UDDAG), is invented for efficient sequential pattern mining. UDDAG allows bidirectional pattern growth along both ends of detected patterns. Thus, a length-k pattern can be detected in [log2k + 1] levels of recursion at best, which results in fewer levels of recursion and faster pattern growth. When minSup is large such that the average pattern length is close to 1, UDDAG and PrefixSpan have similar performance because the problem degrades into frequent item counting problem. However, UDDAG scales up much better. It often outperforms PrefixSpan by almost one order of magnitude in scalability tests. UDDAG is also considerably faster than Spade and LapinSpam. Except for extreme cases, UDDAG uses comparable memory to that of PrefixSpan and less memory than Spade and LapinSpam. Additionally, the special feature of UDDAG enables its extension toward applications involving searching in large spaces.
Adaptive Water Quantity Management: Designing for Sustainability and Resiliency in Water Scarce Regions

Water quantity management in the southwestern (SW) United States is becoming increasingly complex, challenging and controversial. Key factors driving this include: Rapid population growth within multi-jurisdiction metropolitan areas, drought and an increasing awareness of climatic variability and global climate change, needs to reallocate existing supplies as well as to make water available for environmental purposes, and the magnitude of the costs and benefits at stake. This chapter will consider water supply and demand management approaches, in particular sustainability challenges, conjunctive management and adequate supply requirements. Although we draw on the institutional framework, results, and future directions in Arizona, we briefly consider programs in other SW states. Finally, drawing on lessons learned from these efforts, we consider ways to increase the sustainability and resiliency of urban water supply systems.
Dosimetry and treatment planning for 90Y-labelled antiferritin in hepatoma

Abstract Radiation absorbed-dose estimates and treatment planning are reported for 11 patients with hepatoma who were administered 90 Y-labeled polyclonal antiferritin IgG for therapy in a Phase 1–2 trial. Dosimetric studies included quantitation of the localization and clearance of 111 In-labeled antiferritin IgG in tumor and normal tissues and computer-assisted tumor and normal liver volumetrics from X ray CT scans. For the group of patients studied, hepatoma volumes at the time of treatment ranged from 135 to 3442 cm 3 . Quantitative 111 In antiferritin imaging prior to and following 600 or 900 cGy of external-beam irradiation of the primary tumor demonstrated that tumor uptake increased 1.1 to 5.8-fold (mean 2.8) following external beam. In contrast, changes in uptake of radiolabeled antiferritin in normal liver ranged from 0.35 to 2.1-fold (mean 0.93) after external irradiation. Administered activities of 90 Y antiferritin ranged from 8 to 37 mCi and were dependent on tumor volume and tumor localization of radiolabeled antiferritin. Following external-beam irradiation, tumor dose rates achieved with 90 Y antiferritin ranged from 10 to 20 cGy/hr and normal liver dose rates from 1.1 to 5.7 cGy/h. The corresponding absorbed dose in hepatomas ranged from 900 to 2150 cGy and in normal liver from 80 to 650 cGy. After external-beam irradiation, tumor and normal liver uptake of 90 Y antiferritin was consistent with that of 131 I antiferritin.
Effects of DNA and protein size on substrate cleavage by human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1

TDP (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase) 1 catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphodiester linkages between a DNA 3' phosphate and a tyrosine residue as well as a variety of other DNA 3' substituents, and has been implicated in the repair of covalent complexes involving eukaryotic type IB topoisomerases. To better understand the substrate features that are recognized by TDP1, the size of either the DNA or protein component of the substrate was varied. Competition experiments and gel-shift analyses comparing a series of substrates with DNA lengths increasing from 6 to 28 nt indicated that, contrary to predictions based on the crystal structure of the protein, the apparent affinity for the substrate increased as the DNA length was increased over the entire range tested. It has been found previously that a substrate containing the full-length native form of human topoisomerase I protein is not cleaved by TDP1. Protein-oligonucleotide complexes containing either a 53 or 108 amino acid topoisomerase I-derived peptide were efficiently cleaved by TDP1, but similar to the full-length protein, a substrate containing a 333 amino acid topoisomerase I fragment was resistant to cleavage. Consistent with these results, evidence is presented that processing by the proteasome is required for TDP1 cleavage in vivo.
Social Welfare and Political Science.

During the past generation, social welfare has risen to a position of almost prime importance in the work of government. "Social services" have rivalled "defense services" as objects of public expenditure. "Social security" has complemented "national security" as an objective of public policy. Graduate schools of social work have taken their place alongside law schools, schools of education, and military and naval academies as important training-places for public service. It is perhaps time that we now inquire in what ways political science has been, or may yet be, affected by so phenomenal a change. If, as we are often assured, atomic fission means a revolution in our political thinking, the large-scale pursuit of social welfare might at least be expected to call for an equally vast, even though more gradual, evolution in our attitudes. As an organized body of professed political scientists, how have we reacted to this change? We have, by and large, welcomed the extension of governmental activity. As teachers, we have helped habituate a new generation to such expressions as "the service state," "positive government," and "the new belief in the common man." As scholars, we have followed with interest and approval the successive steps by which jurists have brought these activities within the framework of the written constitution of a federal state. As theorists, we have given to personal insecurity an honored place in the new psychopathological chapter in our evolving political philosophy. As citizens, we have played our part in planning and administering social welfare policies. Yet, taking it all in all, it is surprising how little we have been changed by these developments. It is almost as though they have grown up with us and we with them. Some light is thrown on our attitudes by a division of labor that has arisen between specialists in public administration and specialists in public welfare administration: the former have tended to think in terms of pattern and the latter in terms of content; for there is something almost Platonistic in our political science heritage which makes us feel at home in the abstract realm of pure form, but inhibits us from thinking in terms of ends and means. It may well be that the mutual exclusiveness of our two well-nigh-closed professional corporations of political science and public welfare has resulted in our losing a good deal of mutual stimulus, and in the public losing a good deal in the way of penetrating analysLs and informed leadership. In order to understand better our mutual loss, let us consider a few of the principal aspects of the social welfare developments of the past generation. For convenience' sake, let us do thLs
Skeletal P/Ca tracks upwelling in Gulf of Panamá coral: Evidence for a new seawater phosphate proxy

The supply of limiting nutrients to the low latitude ocean is controlled by physical processes linked to climate variations, but methods for reconstructing past nutrient concentrations in the surface ocean are few and indirect. Here, we present laser ablation mass spectrometry results that reveal annual cycles of P/Ca in a 4-year record from the scleractinian coral Pavona gigantea (mean P/Ca = 118 mmol mol?1). The P/Ca cycles track variations in past seawater phosphate concentration synchronously with skeletal Sr/Ca-derived temperature variations associated with seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Panama´. Skeletal P/Ca varies seasonally by 2–3 fold, reflecting the timing and magnitude of dissolved phosphate variations. Solution cleaning experiments on drilled coral powders show that over 60% of skeletal P occurs in intracrystalline organic phases. Coral skeleton P/Ca holds promise as a proxy record of nutrient availability on time scales of decades to millennia.