cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peer Relationships and the Development of Psychopathology

Merely a half century ago, research examining contextual correlates of youth psychopathology focused almost exclusively on parental factors (Hartup, 1970). Several influential initial studies revealed that children and young adults experiencing significant emotional difficulties could be identified by their troubling experiences with peers earlier in childhood (e.g., Roff, 1961). Soon after, follow-forward studies revealed that children who were disliked by their peers appeared to be at greater risk for a host of later negative outcomes, including delinquent or criminal activity and various symptoms of psychopathology (e.g., Coie, Terry, Lenox, Lochman, & Hyman, 1995). These findings contributed to an emphasis on understanding how children’s peer status, or acceptance/rejection among peers, may be associated with later psychopathology. Over time, researchers began to take interest in developmental antecedents or determinants of children’s peer status and in more broadly understanding the nature of early childhood peer experiences. Soon, an awareness of other types of peer relationships began to dominate researchers’ interest. For instance, studies revealed that youths’ success in dyadic relationships was orthogonal to their status within the overall peer group (Hartup, 1996). Children’s formation, maintenance, and quality of friendships soon became a focus of research; associations among aspects of friendships and adjustment also proliferated.
Infection of genital tract and transmission of ocular infection to newborns by the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.

Abstract Female guinea pigs were inoculated intravaginally with the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (Gp-ic). Evidence for infection was obtained by demonstration of Gp-ic inclusions in epithelial cells of genital tract smears, histopathology, recovery of Gp-ic during infection, and antibody response. Infection of the genital tract was produced with low doses (20-200 median egg lethal doses) of the agent. The infection lasted about 3 weeks, and there was no marked clinical response. Ocular infection that could be detected as early as 3 days after birth in offspring of infected mothers was also demonstrated.
Editorial overview: Developmental mechanisms, patterning and organogenesis.

In this issue of Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, we survey the latest insights into organ biology, gleaned from a variety of model organisms including flies, fish, mammals, planaria, plants and worms. Our understanding of the mechanisms regulating organogenesis has flourished due to the increasing availability of gene expression data, the development of markers for many new cell types, and the elaboration of tools for eliminating either specific proteins or specific cell populations. New imaging tools have provided unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution to developmental processes. Biophysicists and engineers, armed with superfast computers and real-time measurements, have brought quantitative approaches to determining the physical properties of cells and tissues, as well as providing insight into the dynamics of signal reception, signal propagation and feedback mechanisms. Here, we highlight a few themes that emerge from studying a vast array of organ systems.
Comparison of Static and Dynamic Hysteresis Curves

Hysteretic force-deflection curves of a single-story laboratory structure made of mild structural steel were obtained experimentally for both static and dynamic loading conditions. The dynamic loading consisted of a sinusoidal force at about 3 cps applied to the roof of the structure. Maximum fiber strains up to 9 times the yield strain were realized. A strain softening type of modification of the steel was observed during the experiments with subsequent strain ageing occurring between experiments. Differences between static and dynamic hysteretic force-deflection curves were found to be smaller than changes in the static curves caused by the material modifications during repeated loading.
Methyl Sulfone Manifests Anticancer Activity in a Metastatic Murine Breast Cancer Cell Line and in Human Breast Cancer Tissue - Part 2: Human Breast Cancer Tissue

Background: Methyl sulfone is a small molecule that reverses cancerous phenotypes of a melanoma cell line. Here, we sought to determine whether methyl sulfone was effective against human breast cancer tissue. Methods: We studied normal and cancerous breast tissue obtained from 17 patients. Results: Methyl sulfone introduced structural order, with cancer tissue taking on the morphology of normal in vivo breast tissue; this structural order was sustainable over long-term culture. Methyl sulfone promoted proper wound healing, including migration of cells into wounded areas and establishment of stable contact inhibition once wounds were covered. Methyl sulfone decreased expression of two breast stem cell marker proteins, HCAM and OCT3/4, which are associated with aberrantly rapid migration of metastatic cells. Finally, normal and cancerous primary breast cells remained viable and healthy in methyl sulfone culture for at least 90 days. Conclusion: Methyl sulfone reintroduced a normal structural phenotype to human breast cancer tissues.
Inequality on probation: An examination of differential probation outcomes

ABSTRACTThe effect of race, gender, offense type, location, assessment scores, as well as key interaction terms based on race were examined on multiple probation outcomes. Extending the racial equity research to offenders supervised within the community, results suggest that African American males fare worse on multiple supervision outcomes. In addition, the research found that women were less likely to receive alternative probation outcomes. Suggestions are put forth for the continuance of research on racial inequities for offenders sentenced to a term of community supervision. The study ends with a call for increased attention to various inequality issues confronting criminal justice.
Aminopeptidase P Mediated Targeting for Breast Tissue Specific Conjugate Delivery

Cytotoxic chemotherapies are used to treat breast cancer, but are limited by systemic toxicity. The key to addressing this important issue is the development of a nontoxic, tissue selective, and molecular specific delivery system. In order to potentially increase the therapeutic index of clinical reagents, we designed an Aminopeptidase P (APaseP) targeting tissue-specific construct conjugated to a homing peptide for selective binding to human breast-derived cancer cells. Homing peptides are short amino acid sequences derived from phage display libraries that have the unique property of localizing to specific organs. Our molecular construct allows for tissue-specific drug delivery, by binding to APaseP in the vascular endothelium. The breast homing peptide evaluated in our studies is a cyclic nine-amino-acid peptide with the sequence CPGPEGAGC, referred to as PEGA. We show by confocal microscopy that the PEGA peptide and similar peptide conjugates distribute to human breast tissue xenograft specifically an...
Convexity Correction by a Finite Replication Portfolio

Several swap rate derivatives e.g. constant maturity swaps can only be valued after a convexity correction. One approach is to use a Taylor series expansion to gain an analytical approximation but the result is neither a tradeable asset nor can the information of the volatility cube be included. Another approach computes the convexity correction as a static portfolio of plain-vanilla swaptions. This portfolio approach has the advantage that the volatility cube can be incorporated by using a stochastic or local volatility model but it is the solution of an integral over an infinite number of strike prices.We propose an algorithm to approximate the replication portfolio with a finite and discrete set of strike prices. The accuracy of the method is examined in numerical studies using different valuation models and different sets of strike prices.
Employer reasons for failing to report eligible workers' compensation claims in the BLS survey of occupational injuries and illnesses

BACKGROUND: Little research has been done to identify reasons employers fail to report some injuries and illnesses in the Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII). METHODS: We interviewed the 2012 Washington SOII respondents from establishments that had failed to report one or more eligible workers' compensation claims in the SOII about their reasons for not reporting specific claims. Qualitative content analysis methods were used to identify themes and patterns in the responses. RESULTS: Non-compliance with OSHA recordkeeping or SOII reporting instructions and data entry errors led to unreported claims. Some employers refused to include claims because they did not consider the injury to be work-related, despite workers' compensation eligibility. Participant responses brought the SOII eligibility of some claims into question. CONCLUSION: Systematic and non-systematic errors lead to SOII underreporting. Insufficient recordkeeping systems and limited knowledge of reporting requirements are barriers to accurate workplace injury records. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.© 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Cytology and hormone content of rat pituitary glands following adrenalectomy.

Summary1. Adrenalectomy produced no significant change in weight of rat's pituitary gland. Cytologically, beta basophils decreased in number progressively while acidophils were not altered in number or appearance. The relative per cent of delta basophils was unaffected, but these cells were hypertrophied and exhibited some vacuolation 56 and 100 days after adrenalectomy. The silver-staining capacity of delta basophils, as revealed with protargol, was markedly reduced. 2. Gonadotropic and thyrotropic hormone contents of pituitary were decreased after adrenalectomy, while the corticotropin content was elevated 2- to 3-fold. No difference in growth hormone content was found when whole pituitaries were analyzed by the epiphyseal plate test. 3. Correlations between pituitary cytology and hormone content of the gland suggest that the delta basophil is the source of corticotropin.
Deep Level Energy Analysis of Surface and Bulk Defects Using a Noncontact Laser/Microwave Photoconductance Technique

A noncontact technique for deep level energy analysis has been discussed based on a laser excitation/microwave reflection transient photoconductance procedure. An algorithm for separation of surface and bulk recombination effects was developed to independently determinesurface and bulk energy states. Deep energy levels associated with trapping and recombination processes have been calculated from the temperature dependence of surface recombination velocity and bulk recombination lifetime, based on state occupation statistics. Results have been compared with conventional DLTS data for silicon samples intentionally doped with metals during crystal growth.
Arteriovenous malformations of the corpus callosum: Pooled analysis and systematic review of literature.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the corpus callosum (CC) are rare entities. We performed a systematic review of the available literature to better define the natural history, patient characteristics, and treatment options for these lesions.
Conidium Ontogeny in Cacumisporium Capitulatum

Conidium ontogeny in the dematiaceous fungus, Cacumisporium capitulatum, was studied in culture. As the conidiophore matures, the heavy outer wall of the tapered conidiophore apex is broken and a hyaline meristematic area emerges. Conidia are produced from the hyaline meristematic region on successively produced growing points. The broken outer wall subtends the sporogenous area as a collarette. Previous interpretation of the conidiophores of C. capitulatum as a type of phialide is considered to be in error.
Influence of Nitrogen on Population Parameters of Potato Insects: Abundance, Population Growth, and Within-plant Distribution of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Population parameters of the green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were compared on potatoes fertilized with different levels of nitrogen (N) (56, 84, 140, and 224 kg N/ha). Abundance of GPA was not significantly different among N treatments. The population growth rate of GPA increased with the level of N applied. However, the highest level of N (224 kg N/ha) reduced the rate of population growth. Populations grew more rapidly on potatoes fertilized with a split-applied intermediate N treatment (56 + 84 kg N/ha) than on potatoes fertilized with 56, 56 + 28, or 56 + 168 kg N/ha. Additionally, populations of GPA grew more rapidly when 224 kg N/ha was applied in one application than when applied in two applications. The rate of population growth was positively correlated with the concentration of free amino acids in leaves. The within-plant distribution of GPA was similar for all treatments. GPA were consistently more abundant on the lower leaves in each treatment. Population growth rates were greater on lower leaves than on other leaves in most N treatments. Population growth rates were negatively correlated with foliar concentrations of free amino acids within leaves of different vertical zones, but were positively correlated with foliar concentrations of nitrate N within leaves of different vertical zones. Also, population growth rates were positively correlated with the percentage of the total organic N pool composed of amino N within leaves of different vertical zones. Implications of variable host-plant nutritional quality in pest management are illustrated.
PL04.1 Sexual Behaviour and STIs in Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Global Perspective

Sexual and gender minorities have been present throughout human history, but recently there has been increased public awareness of their prevalence, because of human rights activism and the recognition of the increased STI and HIV burden among some subpopulations, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. Behavioral and biological factors explain some of the disparities noted in their higher rates of STI and HIV. The colorectal mucosa has the greatest concentration of cells that can bind HIV in the body, and single layer columnar epithelial cells may be readily traumatised and inflamed during anal intercourse. MSM who are versatile in their sex roles may efficiently acquire HIV/STI by being the receptive partner, and then can readily transmit infections to new partners if they are insertive. STI and HIV potentiate the transmission of each other, and certain venues that enable MSM to meet partners readily, such as saunas and specific internet sites, have been associated with rapid expansion of micro-epidemics. MSM in many parts of the world have been found to have higher rates of many bacterial and viral STIs than demographically matched peers, and may have unique STIs based on specific behaviours (e.g. association of faecal contact and enteric pathogens) and the concentration of new infections within subpopulations (e.g. recent outbreaks of MRSA and LGV). The stigmatisation of homosexuality and gender nonconformity create barriers to effective STI and HIV control, since many MSM may defer seeking health care because of the expectation of receiving insensitive care, and concerns about confidentiality, as well as liability, in many jurisdictions. In order to mitigate the disproportionate rates of STI and HIV among MSM, public health officials and clinicians need to become culturally competent, to develop services that conduct appropriate screening (e.g. rectal NAAT) in a sensitive manner.
Temperature-induced Phase Transitions in the Silk Gland of Bombyx mori Silkworm Lumen:A High-resolution Solid-state ~(13)C NMR study

In this contribution,the temperature-induced phase changes of the silk gland of Bombyx mori silkworm were studied using high-resolution 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy.The silk gland samples were obtained from alive silkworms which were stored under either normal temperature or 6 ℃ for 2 weeks.The results showed that storing the alive silkworms at 6 ℃ could induce a phase transition in the fibroin gland in the middle and anterior parts of the middle division of the lumen,from an isotropic phase to an anisotropic liquid crystalline phase.Such phase transition was not observed in the silkworms stored under normal temperature.Previous studies have demonstrated,both experimentally and theoretically,lowering temperature can induce an action equivalent to a shearing stress in many elastic polymers(including proteins),and shearing stress may play an important role in the spinning of the silkworm.The results of this study suggest that lowering temperature or applying strong shearing may be used as ways to control the process to fabricate silk-like fibers of high performance.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Treatment decisions in a complex case.

(1987). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment Decisions In a Complex Case. Hospital Practice: Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 105-134.
Ethylene Responses in Seedling Growth and Development

The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is an olefin hydrocarbon produced by all plants. Despite its simple chemical structure it orchestrates a myriad of complex functions. Ethylene controls processes as diverse as germination, root hair development, root nodulation, senescence of organs (including fruit ripening), differential cell growth, abscission, stress responses and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens (1). It is known that ethylene is effective to induce biological responses at nanomolar concentrations and that its response only takes minutes to be induced. Due to the important nature of its signaling the production of this hormone is a tightly regulated process, controlled by both developmental signals and response to environmental stimuli. To further the understanding of ethylene signaling in plants we need to fully comprehend how the hormone is synthesized, perceived and signal is transduced.
Conclusion for Part 1 and Part 2 of the Special Issue: Multicultural Perspectives of Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma

This two-part special issue addressed the effects of intergenerational transmission of trauma (ITT) affecting diverse communities. The authors provided insight into the lived experiences of parents...
P003 Impact of the new kidney allocation system on the transplant rates of highly sensitized patients. A single center experience

Aim Increasing transplant opportunities for difficult-to-match patients was a primary goal of the new kidney allocation system (KAS) implemented on Dec 4, 2014. In this study, we evaluated the impact of KAS on the transplantation rate of sensitized candidates at our center. Methods During Jan 1–Dec 4, 2014 (pre-KAS interval) and Jan 1–Dec 4, 2015 (post-KAS interval), unacceptable HLA antigens for kidney transplant candidates were reported to UNET using the following cutoffs: 5000 MFI for HLA-A, -B and -DR, and 10,000 MFI for HLA-C and -DQ antigens. Deceased donor crossmatches (XMs) were performed by flow cytometry and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Patients were transplanted based on a negative flow and/or negative CDC XM. Results A total of 613 and 1188 deceased donor XMs were performed during pre- and post-KAS intervals, respectively. The number of XMs performed for sensitized patients (cPRA>0%) increased from 116 (19%) XMs performed pre-KAS to 309 (26%) post-KAS (p 98%, 50–79% and 1–49% (Table 1). During pre- and post-KAS intervals, a total of 115 and 129 patients, respectively, received deceased donor kidney transplantation at our center. As indicated in Table 1, the number of sensitized recipients increased from 16 (14% of pre-KAS transplants) to 32 (25% of post-KAS transplants). The highest increase was seen in patients with cPRA>98% (from 0% to 8%). Transplant outcomes were analyzed in the non-sensitized (N = 97) and sensitized (N = 32) patient groups, who received deceased donor kidney allografts post-KAS. Graft survival, patient survival, creatinine levels and incidence of acute rejection were similar in the two groups. Conclusion The new KAS facilitated a marked increase in the transplant rate of sensitized candidates at our center. The HLA laboratory played a key role in achieving this goal by providing thorough testing and ensuring safe transplantation of difficult-to-match patients. Download : Download high-res image (140KB) Download : Download full-size image
Statistics at Cross-Road : CSA Bulletin Perspectives and Prospectives

As we approach to bring out the 60th Volume of (CSA) Bulletin, we look back into our (modest) accomplishment, and look forward to our continuing progress, in a much wider and more challenging field, with our commitments and assessment of prospectives. The basic challenge comes from the ever-changing discipline, its integration into more interdisciplinary fields, its genuine dependence on rapidly faster computing facility along with diverse computational algorithms, and above all, the necessity to go beyond the so-called Neyman-Pearson paradigm in the 21st century. Even the Bayes perspectives have pointed out the limitations of conventional Bayes methods. These perspectives and prospectives are appraised thoroughly.
Extraction model of Soil Water Content Information based on Least Square Method for GPR

Mapping the soil water content in large area is an essential process in various fields such as, agriculture, ecology, civil engineering, as well as flood and water resource management. Most of the available methods to gauge soil moisture content are tedious and expensive. Water content of the soil will affect the soil electric properties. In GPR system, the soil electrical properties will affect the received reflected wave. Detailed information about Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) reflected wave propagation is potentially useful for extracting the soil water content. Extraction model of Soil Water Content Information based on Least Square Method for GPR System is proposed in this paper. Theoretical and numerical studies on the proposed method have been performed and the results show that the proposed method is useful to extract information about volumetric water content and thickness of topsoil from the GPR data.
A Computational Framework for Material Design

A computational framework is proposed that enables the integration of experimental and computational data, a variety of user-selected models, and a computer algorithm to direct a design optimization. To demonstrate this framework, a sample design of a ternary Ni-Al-Cr alloy with a high work-to-necking ratio is presented. This design example illustrates how CALPHAD phase-based, composition and temperature-dependent phase equilibria calculations and precipitation models are coupled with models for elastic and plastic deformation to calculate the stress-strain curves. A genetic algorithm then directs the search within a specific set of composition and processing constraints for the ideal composition and processing profile to optimize the mechanical properties. The initial demonstration of the framework provides a potential solution to initiate the material design process in a large space of composition and processing conditions. This framework can also be used in similar material systems or adapted for other material classes.
Modeling the Effect of Ionic Interactions on Radionuclides in Natural Waters

Dissolved nuclear wastes (Am, Cm, Pb, Np, Pu, Ra, Th, and U) can be affected by the composition of natural waters. Natural waters can have different values of pH, composition, ionic strength, temperature, and pressure. The solubility of these elements in natural waters can be determined experimentally or by modeling. Since direct measurements are not presently available for many metals of interest, it is important to develop methods that can be used to estimate the solubilities in natural waters of known composition. In this paper, one approach that can be used to estimate the solubilities using Pitzer’s equations is discussed. For some metals (i.e., Pb and U) the effect of composition can be directly calculated using existing data. While, for others (i.e., Am and Cm) limited data is available and one must use model compounds (rare earths) as analogs. The solubility of Fe(III) in seawater as a function of pH is used to demonstrate how the model can be used. The model has also been used to estimate the speciation and solubility of a number of radionuclides in WIPP brines.
The Predatory Pedagogy of “Distance Learning”: Face-to-Face Education in Peril

“A lot of education institutions … has [sic] bad monkeys in ‘em”1Josh Coates, CEO of Instructure, Producer of Digital Education SoftwareMore students are logging in. More teachers are checking out....
Using Systems Theory to Examine Patient and Nurse Structures, Processes, and Outcomes in Centralized and Decentralized Units.

Objectives:This study utilizes systems theory to understand how changes to physical design structures impact communication processes and patient and staff design-related outcomes.Background:Many sc...
Competency and Psychiatry Ethics: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975)

When you ask psychiatrists about films they find useful in teaching about their profession, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, which won several academy awards, including Best Picture, is still a classic that makes their list. Based on Ken Kesey’s 1962 novel of the same name, this film is about a prisoner malingering as “insane” who is sent to a psychiatric hospital in Oregon (where the film was shot) to be assessed for competency.
Identification of proteins in cell-free extracts using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

A rapid method for the identification and characterization of proteins in bacterial cell-free extracts has been developed using directly combined liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometr...
Chondromyxoid fibroma of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone: MRI and PET/CT findings and their correlation with histology.

We report a very rare case of a chondromyxoid fibroma of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone in a 38-year-old woman who presented with left-sided hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging ident...
Adaptive and Affective Roles of the Emotions

All motivational and emotional reactivities are part of a single behavioral system established to insure the satisfaction of the basic motivational needs. Motivation and emotions may be seen as two sides of a single coin where all motivational experiences have an emotional component and all emotional experiences a motivational component. For example, hunger, usually identified as a purely motivational state, is almost always associated with a generalized state of bodily tension (restlessness, discomfort, and so on) the relief of which is the major driving force in food-seeking behavior. Similarly fear, most often considered an emotional reactivity, is usually associated with some motivational drive (fear of pain, of danger, of falling) or even, as in anxiety, fear of fear. In each case the emotional component plays a strong organizing physiological role in facilitating behavior that will satisfy basic motivational drives—to obtain pleasure, to relieve an internally produced tension, or to avoid pain.
Self-regulation and the relationship of physicians with the pharmaceutical industry.

New guidelines and the continuous modification of current policies will be needed in order to establish and maintain an appropriate professional relationship between physicians and pharmaceutical companies. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Utilizing building information models as operating systems for smart homes

The prevalence of IoT enabled devices in the home has manifested in buildings as voice and gesture enabled devices that enable functions such as optimizing energy usage and controlling electrical fixtures. However, most of these are fundamentally dissociated from the spatial nature of buildings as they exist in isolation from the building system and other smart devices in the same space. This situation results in user interaction experiences that are convoluted and non-intuitive, negatively affecting their adoption. Meanwhile, Building Information Models, while used extensively in a building's design and construction phases, remains underutilized in its operation phase. This paper proposes BIM as an "operating system" for smart homes to serve as the foundational platform for smart device applications. Much like the analogous operating system for computers, BIM serves to provide IoT enabled devices access to information and control over various components of the built environment. It is expected that this smart home architecture would enable seamless integration of smart home functionality across devices and buildings to provide residents with contextualized information for optimized security, comfort, and efficiency. Methods for personalizing building performance to users can also be accomplished through the proposed methodology.
Role of NADPH Oxidase in Beta Cell Dysfunction

Dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells and loss of beta cell mass is a major factor in the development of diabetes. Currently there is no cure for diabetes, and available therapies do not focus on halting or reversing the loss of beta cell function. New strategies to preserve beta cells in diabetes are needed. Conferring protection to the beta cells against the effects of sustained intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) presents a novel approach to preserve beta cell mass. Important contributors to increases in intercellular ROS in beta cells are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase enzymes. Discussed in this review are the roles of NADPH oxidases in the beta cell, their contribution to beta cell dysfunction, and new emerging selective inhibitors of NADPH oxidase.
Impact of Information Asymmetry and Limited Production Capacity on Business Interruption Insurance

We consider a firm which faces a potential disruption in its normal operations can purchase business interruption (BI) insurance from an insurer to guard against the disruption risk. The firm makes demand forecasts, and can put a recovery effort if a disruption occurs; both are unobservable to the insurer. Accordingly, the insurer offers BI insurance to the firm while facing adverse selection and moral hazard. We first find that because of the joint effect of limited production capacity and self-impelled recovery effort, the firm with a lower demand forecast benefits more from BI insurance than that with a higher demand forecast, and has an incentive to pretend to have the higher demand forecast to obtain more profit. We then derive the optimal insurance contracts to deal with the information asymmetry, and show how the firm’s characteristics affect the optimal contracts. Both high-demand and low-demand contracts are affected by the firm’s operational characteristics in the same direction, while the informational characteristics impact those contracts differently. We also analyze the case where the firm can choose its initial capacity, and find that from the firm’s perspective, capacity and BI insurance could be either substitutes or complements.
Feasibility and effects of galantamine on cognition in humans with cannabis use disorder

Abstract Background As long-term use of medicinal and recreational cannabis becomes more common and concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis increase, it is timely to identify strategies to counteract the cognitive effects of cannabinoids. Objective Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of galantamine administration to individuals with cannabis use disorder (CUD), and the effects of galantamine on cognition. We hypothesized galantamine would be well tolerated and would not have procognitive effects in the absence of acute cannabis intoxication. Methods Thirty individuals with CUD (73.5% male, 26.5% female) participated in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Participants completed a baseline session followed by a 10-day outpatient treatment period, during which they received either 8 mg/day of galantamine orally or placebo. Cognitive assessments were conducted at three time points and self-reported measures that may impact cognitive performance (cannabis withdrawal, craving, and mood) were completed at six time points. Results There were no significant differences in demographic and baseline variables between groups (galantamine vs. placebo). There were no significant adverse effects from galantamine. Cannabis withdrawal and craving continuously decreased over the study. We saw evidence of a modest improvement in cognitive outcomes during the 10-day period, exemplified by a statistically significant increase in measures of response inhibition (increased median reaction time on the Stop Signal Task), and a trend for improvement in measures of attention (increased RVP A'), for both groups. Analyses did not show, however, a significant main effect for treatment or treatment-by-time interactions. Conclusions The findings of this pilot study support the feasibility of the administration of galantamine for individuals with CUD. Adequately powered, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are required to investigate the potential of galantamine to improve cognitive deficits associated with CUD.
Improved Ocean Surface Velocity Precision Using Multi-Channel SAR

This paper investigates new approaches to estimating the motion of the dynamic ocean surface using a multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (MSAR) with $M$ phase centers arranged in an along-track configuration. The objective of this paper is to determine the processing methods that produce the finest velocity resolution, an issue that arises due to the finite coherence time of radar backscatter produced by the sea surface. The investigation is carried out both theoretically, using synthesized data produced from a modeled MSAR covariance matrix, as well as experimentally, using images collected with a 16-channel system. Three processing methods are considered: linear regression along with a multi-baseline phase progression, estimation of the velocity centroid, and coherent averaging of the shortest baseline interferograms. Both the theoretical and experimental results indicate that simple averaging of the shortest-baseline interferograms often produces the best velocity precision.
Is “Pishing” Tantamount to Mobbing? Black-Capped Chickadees Respond Similarly to Human Pishing and Conspecific Mobbing Calls in Rural and Suburban Forests

Poecile atricapillus (Black-capped Chickadee) mobbing calls elicit mobbing events in which birds drive away a predator. Human birders simulate these calls by “pishing” (vocalizing mobbing calls) to coerce birds into view. We investigated whether pishing is as salient as natural mobbing calls, and whether birds respond differently in suburban forest fragments than in intact forests. Using experimental playbacks, we broadcast mobbing calls and pishing calls in suburban forest patches and intact forests and measured Chickadee response. We found that Chickadees had significantly stronger responses to mobbing calls than to alarm calls used as a positive control, but pishing call response was not significantly different than mobbing or control alarm call responses. We also saw no difference in number of Chickadees responding between suburban fragments and intact forests, but we did see a difference in areas with denser vegetation. These findings show that pishing may be less urgent than Chickadee mobbing calls but may still contribute to stress and energetic demands on birds.
“Some of us, we don’t know where we’re going to be tomorrow.” Contextual factors affecting PrEP use and adherence among a diverse sample of transgender women in San Francisco

Transgender women (TW) are disproportionately affected by HIV. Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce TW's vulnerability to HIV, but PrEP uptake has been limited among TW. To explore barriers to PrEP uptake, the study team conducted two semi-structured focus groups with TW in San Francisco at risk for HIV acquisition. A within-case, across-case approach was used to code and analyze emerging themes. Focus group participants were racially and ethnically diverse. A few participants in both groups had heard of PrEP, but some had not. Several said that their health care providers had not told them about PrEP. Participants in both groups had questions about side effects. They expressed medical mistrust and said poverty is an important context for their lives. They described a need for gender affirming health care services and raised concerns about interactions of PrEP with feminizing hormones. Information about side effects and interactions between gender affirming hormones and PrEP need to be explicitly addressed in PrEP education campaigns focusing on TW. Health care institutions and health departments should train clinical staff how to provide affirming care. Gender identity nondiscrimination laws and policies could improve transgender people's ability to earn a living and access health care.
Patient and Health Care Factors Associated With Long-term Diabetes Complications Among Adults With and Without Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders

Importance Among people with diabetes, co-occurring mental health (MH) or substance use (SU) disorders increase the risk of medical complications. Identifying how to effectively promote long-term medical benefits for at-risk populations, such as people with MH or SU disorders, is essential. Knowing more about how health care accessed before the onset of diabetes is associated with health benefits after the onset of diabetes could inform treatment planning and population health management. Objective To analyze how preexisting MH or SU disorders and primary care utilization before a new diabetes diagnosis are associated with the long-term severity of diabetes complications. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed medical record data from US Department of Veterans Affairs health care systems nationwide and used mixed-effects regressions to test associations between prediabetes patient or health care factors and longitudinal progression of diabetes complication severity from 2006 to 2015. Participants included patients who received a new diabetes diagnosis in 2008 and who were aged 18 to 85 years at the time of their diagnosis. Data analysis was conducted from March to August 2017. Exposures Patients were assigned to groups on the basis of a 2-year look-back period for MH or SU disorders status (MH disorder only, SU disorder only, MH and SU disorder, or no MH or SU disorder diagnoses) and on the basis of the amount of primary care utilization before diabetes was diagnosed. Main Outcomes and Measures Nine-year trajectories of Diabetes Complication Severity Index (DCSI) scores. Results Among 122 992 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, the mean (SD) age was 62.3 (11.1) years, 118 810 (96.6%) were male, and 28 633 (23.3%) had preexisting MH or SU disorders diagnoses. From the onset of diabetes to 7 years later, patients’ mean estimated DCSI scores increased from 0.84 (95% CI, 0.82-0.87) to 1.42 (95% CI, 1.36-1.47). Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidities, SU disorders only (decrease in DCSI score, −0.09; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.04;P Conclusions and Relevance Access to and engagement in integrated health care may be associated with modest, albeit impermanent, long-term health benefits for patients with MH and/or SU disorders with newly diagnosed diabetes.
Kant, organisms, and representation.

Abstract Some interpreters claim Kant distinguishes between organisms and living things. I argue this claim is underdetermined by the textual evidence. Once this is recognized, it becomes a real possibility that Kant's various remarks about the essential properties of living things generalize to organisms as such. This, in turn, generates a puzzle. Kant repeatedly claims that the capacity for representation is essential to the nature of a living thing. If he does not distinguish between living things and organisms, then how might the capacity for representation be essential to the latter? Drawing on the writings of Kant and his contemporaries, I reconstruct a framework within which representational capacities might conceivably be thought to play this role. On this view, what distinguishes an organism from mechanically explicable products of nature is its capacity for endogenous behavior that is instinctual and representationally mediated.
Thermodynamic reversible cycles of electrochemical desalination with intercalation materials in symmetric and asymmetric configurations

Conventional capacitive deionization (CDI) with carbon electrodes is a desalination process based on the formation of electrical double layer. Intercalation capacitive deionization (ICDI), a category of CDI based on intercalation materials as electrodes, achieves desalination by inserting ions into the crystal lattice of the electrode when a voltage is applied. It has been proven numerically that a thermodynamically reversible CDI cycle always consumes electrical work that equals the Gibbs free energy of the separation. We conducted a thermodynamic analysis of a four-stage reversible cycle for both symmetric and asymmetric ICDI using Frumkin isotherm to describe the electrode-solution chemical equilibrium. We provided both analytical and numerical proof showing the electrical work to complete a four-stage ICDI cycle is exactly identical to the Gibbs free energy of separation. Our thermodynamic analysis also shows ICDI is typically more energy efficient than CDI if constant voltage charging and discharge are performed to complete the same separation.
Principles and ethics in medicine

Abstract Principlism remains the dominant framework for addressing ethical quandaries in medical practice. It sets out four principles clinicians should consider that require specification to a particular set of circumstances. There is no hierarchy among the principles; any special prominence given to respect for autonomy is a cultural accretion that is not claimed by the authors of principlism. Principlism does not set out a single consistent or coherent moral theory. Instead, it summarizes for the clinician's convenience the relevant reasoning of more fundamental theories, including those in which the emphasis is on a doctor's intentions (deontological theories), those focusing on the outcome of doctors' actions (consequentialist theories) and those relying on the nature and disposition of the doctor herself (virtue ethics). As sources of guidance in making complex moral decisions in clinical practice, each of these has its attractions and limitations. Principlism does not represent an alternative analytical mechanism, nor is it an exhaustive exposition of those theories. Its strength is that it provides a summary of some of their most important reasoning, in a way that is clear, easy to assimilate and easy to recall at the moment when clinical decisions need to be made in practice.
Turnover and Performance in Full- and Select-Service Hotels:

Turnover plays an important role in hotel performance. This study explored turnover and its relationship between three key categories of the balanced scorecard (revenue, profit, and guest satisfact...
Therapeutic Effects of Meditation, Yoga, and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Chronic Symptoms of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND Chronic symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) vary greatly and are difficult to treat; we investigate the impact of meditation, yoga, and mindfulness-based interventions on this treatment group. METHOD Search included four databases, allowing studies of any design containing pre/post outcomes for meditation, yoga, or mindfulness-based interventions in people suffering from brain injury acquired by mechanical force. Analyses used robust variance estimation to assess overall effects and random-effects models for selected outcomes; we evaluated both between- and within-group changes. RESULTS Twenty studies (N = 539) were included. Results revealed significant improvement of overall symptoms compared to controls (d = 0.41; 95% CI [0.04, 0.77]; τ2 = 0.06), with significant within-group improvements in mental health (d = 0.39), physical health (d = 0.39), cognitive performance (d = 0.24), quality of life (d = 0.39), and self-related processing (d = 0.38). Symptoms showing greatest improvement were fatigue (d = 0.96) and depression (d = 0.40). Findings were homogeneous across studies. Study quality concerns include lack of randomisation, blinding, and recording of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS This first-ever meta-analysis on meditation, yoga, and mindfulness-based interventions for chronic symptoms of mTBI offers hope but highlights the need for rigorous new trials to advance clinical applications and to explore mechanistic pathways.
Towards Applying Deep Learning to the Internet of Things: A Model and a Framework

Deep Learning (DL) modeling has been a recent topic of interest. With the accelerating need to embed Deep Learning Networks (DLNs) to the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, many DL optimization techniques were developed to enable applying DL to IoTs. However, despite the plethora of DL optimization techniques, there is always a trade-off between accuracy, latency, and cost. Moreover, there are no specific criteria for selecting the best optimization model for a specific scenario. Therefore, this research aims at providing a DL optimization model that eases the selection and re-using DLNs on IoTs. In addition, the research presents an initial design for a DL optimization model management framework. This framework would help organizations choose the optimal DL optimization model that maximizes performance without sacrificing quality. The research would add to the IS design science knowledge as well as the industry by providing insights to many IT managers to apply DLNs to IoTs such as machines and robots.
A Position-Insensitive Wireless Power Transfer System Employing Coupled Nonlinear Resonators

Conventional magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems suffer from a significant performance degradation as the coupling factor between transmit and receive coils changes from its optimum value. In this article, a new WPT circuit that consists of two passive nonlinear resonators in both the transmitter and receiver is proposed. The circuit can adapt well to a wide range of coupling factor variations to provide constant output power without using any active control circuitry, frequency tuning, or complicated coil configurations. Both analytical and numerical simulations for the WPT circuit are provided. A 60-W nonlinear WPT prototype circuit operating at 1.5 MHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The results show that the WPT system based on the proposed circuit is capable of maintaining almost a constant output power, while the distance between the coils varies up to 15 cm, a significant performance improvement compared to the linear WPT circuit tested under the same conditions.
Correlates of private security officers’ job satisfaction in South Korea

This exploratory research examines the determinants of private security officer’s job satisfaction. Despite the growing private security industries and their influence on security governance around...
Standardized reporting of gastroenterology-related social media scholarship for career advancement

Social media is an emerging tool for scholarship and education; however, there is limited guidance on how to incorporate social media scholarship into one’s curriculum vitae. We outline the importance of recognizing gastroenterology-focused social media scholarship and present a standardized method for reporting.