cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concepts and Implementation of a Semantic Web Archiving and Simulation System for RF Propagation Measurements

In this paper, we present an Open-Source web-based archiving system to organize and share wireless RF propagation measurement data, models, and simulation software in a centralized, standardized archive. This archiving system is based on Semantic Web ideas that will enable the wireless research community to easily share and access measured data and simulators provided by researchers across the globe. To begin development of the web-based archiving environment, we use a previously developed RF propagation simulator, SIRCIM [6], to represent the range of values, types of measurements, and file format types that would be needed to properly archive measurements from the research community at large. This paper also explores development issues and considerations required to build a Semantic Web on-line propagation channel measurement and modeling archiving system for global use.
Linking models with monitoring data for assessing performance of no-take marine reserves

No-take marine reserves are an increasingly popular conservation and management tool. Assessing reserve performance in an adaptive management framework ideally involves predicting the response of populations and communities to reserves (typically in the design process) and testing predicted outcomes against observations. Here we compare existing modeling and empirical studies on no-take marine reserves, and provide a prospectus for their future integration. Numerical models of ecological responses to reserves typically project longterm, steady-state interactions over the relatively broad spatial scales of larval dispersal, reserve configuration, fishing effort, and fish movement. Existing empirical studies focus on short-term outcomes over small scales, typically aggregated over many explanatory factors. Linking models and empirical data together for the adaptive management of marine reserves requires adjusting the spatial and temporal scales of models to match empirically feasible tests, and adjusting the metrics and scale of empirical studies to account for the interacting biological and human factors affecting reserve outcomes. © The Ecological Society of America.
A guide for using visuals in teaching culturally diverse children

p ictures have become a common component of teaching and so thoroughly ingrained in instructional technology that we sometimes overlook the fact that different learners may use pictures in different ways. We also overlook the fact that different learners experience different levels of success in gaining information from pictures in various instructional tasks. These differences probably impact more in teaching culturally diverse children than with any other group. Although most studies indicate there are differences in picture utilization and interpretation between culturally different children, most of the pictures used to teach these children follow the conventions established for pictures used with all other children. As a result, the instructional value of pictures is often negated in materials designated for culturally diverse groups because of the learners' inability or reluctance to use pictures for their intended instructional function. The primary differences between culturally diverse groups concerning pictures used in instruction involve either preference or utilization. An underlying premise of these differences is that they are not necessarily a result of a particular hereditary, cultural or genetic factor. Rather, it appears that perhaps the most significant factor of differences in preference and utilization of pictures between children is experiential in nature. In other words, with similarly aged children of similar geographical environments and experiential backgrounds, there is usually not a significant difference in preference or utilization of pictures between different ethnic groups, different races or different genders. Instead, to a significant degree, the difference in ability to gain information from pictures that exists between groups of children can be attributed to the amount and type of experience that children have in using and working with pictures and the relationship of pictures to visual experiences in the real world. Further, the visual preferences expressed by children concerning physical attributes of pictures relate to the children's ability to gain information from those pictures.
Age-differences in brain sensitivity and tolerance to ethanol in mice

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of an acute injection of ethanol on the onset and the duration of the loss of righting response in mice of three different ages, 6, 12, and 24 months old. Measurements were made of the brain ethanol concentrations at the time the righting response was lost as an index of initial central nervous system sensitivity to ethanol. Brain ethanol levels were also measured at the time the righting response was regained. By comparing the difference between these levels and the levels at the time the response was lost, the ability to develop acute tolerance was determined. The rate at which ethanol appeared in the brain, as well and as the drug’s accumulation in and disappearance from the blood, was also measured to determine drug uptake and metabolism in the three age groups. The results indicate that old mice: are more sensitive to the central nervous system effects of ethanol, have a slower rate of ethanol uptake into both blood and brain, and metabolize ethanol more slowly than 6 and 12 month old mice. Twelve month old mice differ from 6 month old mice only in the rate at which ethanol is metabolized. All three groups of mice were equally capable of developing acute tolerance to ethanol.
Dispersion Patterns and Optimum Sample Size Analyses for Three Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) Species Associated with Birdsfoot Trefoil in Wisconsin

Four fields of birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., were sweep sampled May through August during 1984–1987 in northern Wisconsin to assess the dispersion patterns of three plant bug pests and to calculate optimum sample size for these mirids in trefoil. Counts of the alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and Plagiognathus chrysanthemi (Wolff) were aggregated for nymphs and adults of all three species. Nymph-dominated populations that occur early in the growing season required larger sample sizes to achieve a given precision level than did adult-dominated populations later in the season. A sample size of 10 sets of 20 sweeps provided a 25% precision level at ≥3 plant bugs per sweep and a 10% precision level at 2:20 bugs per sweep for all plant bug species and stages combined through the entire season (May through August).
Transferable Principles from a Formative Evaluation of a Couples' Empathy Program

ABSTRACT Sixteen individuals took part in a 12-hour empathy training program for married couples. The purpose of the current paper was to demonstrate the unique and beneficial information that comes from formative assessments, and provide an expanded and updated description of an empathy program. The information derived from formative evaluation was useful in making changes in session presentations, and demonstrating whether or not the objectives of each session were met. To date, the marital enrichment literature lacks examples of formative evaluations of relationship education programs. This study has implications for relationship educators and expands the current thinking that only outcome assessments need to be done in relationship education programs.
Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccines

therapy with the intravenous anti-leukocyte integrin antibody in the animal model. The therapies developed in experimental models have proved highly efficacious in humans, forming a strong experimental and clinical data base for considering recommendation of a new standard for therapy of bacterial meningitis in children and adults that includes anti-inflammatory agents. It remains to be determined which single agent or combination of agents will yield the most benefit. New trials in neonates will determine if this group will also derive benefit from adjunct therapy as predicted by experimental evidence. What is certain is that a new avenue finally exists to decrease 35 Infectious Diseases Newsletter 9(5)
NEGOTIATION STYLES IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

This project focuses specifically on how intercultural negotiating differences are evidenced communicatively. Evidence suggests that negotiators deal differently with internationals than domestics. Therefore, it is important to move beyond within‐culture comparisons as a basis for predicting intercultural negotiation processes. This paper tests empirically the endurance of culturally‐associated negotiation styles in inter‐cultural negotiations between Americans and Taiwanese. Results suggest that culture does exert some global effects in face‐to‐face encounters with cultural outsiders. Other aspects of negotiation are managed locally, so that predicted cultural differences do not emerge in interaction.
Managing Voice-to-Voice Encounters: Reducing the Agony of Being Put on Hold

Voice-to-voice (V2V) encounters are interactions that occur between the company and the customer via a telephone. One critical aspect of the V2V encounter is the waiting time that occurs before the customer talks with a service employee. This article investigates two perception management techniques: information cues and music. In particular, estimated wait times, number in the queue, presence of music, and music valence are all investigated. The main findings are that playing of music, especially music that the customer likes, reduces the perception of waiting time and increases satisfaction. Information cues were not found to affect perception of the wait or satisfaction.
A comparison of video versus conventional visual reinforcement in 7- to 16-month-old infants.

Purpose To compare response patterns to video visual reinforcement audiometry (VVRA) and conventional visual reinforcement audiometry (CVRA) in infants 7–16 months of age. Method Fourteen normal-he...
Karosseriekonzepte der Zukunft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Leichtbaus

In den Ausfuhrungen wird gezeigt, das das Automobil ein zunehmend komplexer werdendes System ist, auf das vielfaltige, z. T. gegenlaufige Einflusse wirken. Die Konzernstrategie fur die Gestaltung und Herstellung zukunftiger Fahrzeugkarosserien besteht im intelligenten Leichtbau. Leichtbau zusammen mit umweltvertraglichen und zugleich ressourcenschonenden Fertigungstechnologien beeinflusst somit deutlich das technologische Leitbild der kommenden Jahre. Light-weight body-in-white concept The complexity of passenger cars is continuously increasing. The environmental compatibility of the upturn “passenger car” is highly influenced by its weight. Consequently it is VW's strategy to develop and realize lightweight concepts. The following deals with these concepts for the car body.
Idle-Slot Recycling in a Collision-Free Real-Time MAC Protocol

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), timeliness is one of the most challenging problems for critical applications. Caccamo et al. designed a collision-free real-time MAC protocol for sensor networks by adopting the "cellular structure" in traditional telecommunication networks. They assumed that sensors are organized into many rigid hexagon cells and a router node is at the center of each cell to transmit inter-cell packets. By exploiting FDMA and TDMA, transmission collisions are avoided and real-time guarantees are provided. However, we observe that for inter-cell communication, idle-slots caused by the TDMA-based scheduling will degrade the throughput and delay performance of the entire network, especially for some real applications in which data flows have traffic-direction partiality characteristics. In the worst case, five sixths of inter-cell bandwidth will be wasted. In this paper, we propose four idle-slot recycling algorithms to improve channel utilization. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms can greatly increase network throughput and decrease packet transmission delay, while the collision-free and real-time qualities of Caccamo's protocol are still retained.
Upper bounds on the capacity of binary intermittent communication

This paper focuses on obtaining upper bounds on the capacity of a special case of intermittent communication, introduced in [1], in which the channel is binary-input binary-output noiseless with i.i.d. number of zeros inserted in between the binary codeword symbols. Upper bounds are obtained by providing the encoder and the decoder with various amounts of side-information, and calculating or upper bounding the capacity of this genie-aided system. The results suggest that the linear scaling of the receive window with respect to the codeword length considered in the system model is relevant since the upper bounds imply a tradeoff between the capacity of the channel and the intermittency rate.
Discriminating patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis using serum electrospray mass profiling

Blood tests are needed to aid in the early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and monitoring pancreatitis development into malignancy especially in high risk patients. This study exhibits efforts and progress toward developing such blood tests, using electrospray-mass spectrometry (MS) serum profiling to distinguish patients with early-stage PDAC or pancreatitis from each other and from controls. Identification of significant serum mass peak differences between these individuals was performed using t tests and “leave one out” cross validation. Serum mass peak distributions of control individuals were distinguished from those of patients with chronic pancreatitis or early-stage PDAC with P values <10−15, and patients with chronic pancreatitis were distinguished from those of patients with early-stage PDAC with a P value <10−12. Sera from 12 out of 12 patients with PDAC stages I, IIA and IIB were blindly validated from controls. Tandem MS/MS identified a cancer phenotype with elements of PDAC involved in early-stage PDAC/control discrimination. These studies indicate electrospray-MS mass profiling can detect serum changes in patients with pancreatitis or early-stage pancreatic cancer. Such technology has the potential to aid in early detection of pancreatic cancer, biomarker development, and in monitoring development of pancreatitis into PDAC.
Temperature distribution in a semi-infinite solid under a fast-moving arbitrary heat source

Abstract An exact solution is obtained for the two-dimensional temperature field under the influence of a fast-moving arbitrarily distributed heat source. The field is assumed to be quasi-stationary, i.e. it is time independent in the moving reference attached to the source. Moreover, a high speed approximation is employed. As an application, the result of a thermoelastoplastic yielding problem is given.
Cortical cytoplasm and configurational changes of RGC‐6 cells exposed to cytochalasin B

RGC-6 cells, grown to confluency in monolayer cultures, are typically fusiform. In sections of these cells, fixed in situ and examined in the electron microscope, a discontinuous zone of cortical cytoplasm (5-4 nm wide), was found subjacent to the plasma membrane of the free surface. It was composed largely of 5-7 nm microfilaments distributed in an apparently irregular network and appeared to comprise a discrete zone separating the plasma membrane from the underlying endoplasm. Following incubation with cytodhalasin B (5 mug/ml), the configuration of the cells changed markedly. The perikaryal cytoplasm appeared to swell, while the cellular processes became attenuated and often terminated in flower-like tips. Although more discontinuous and somewhat less dense, the fine structure of the cortical cytoplasm appeared little affected by incubation with cytochalasin B for one hour. By 48 hours no zone of cortical cytoplasm was found. Subplasmalemmal microfilaments were no longer identifiable and endoplasmic organelles were found in direct contact with the plasma membrane of the free surface, which appeared to have collapsed onto the underlying endoplasm. The change in cell configuration resulting from exposure to cytochalasin B occurred at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C, suggesting a dependency on metabolic activity. It did not, however, appeared related directly to protein synthesis. Whereas incorporation of 3H-leucine was decreased to 46.9% and 62.9% of control values after one hour or two hours exposure to cytochalasin B, respectively, no change was found after 24 or 48 hours. It is suggested that the effect of cytochalasin B on cell form, which appeared not to be a direct effect on either protein synthesis or subplasmalemmal microfilaments, may represent a primary response of the cortical cytoplasmic matrix.
ETHNIC AND GROUP VOTING IN NONPARTISAN MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS

A LTHOUGH nonpartisan elections are now employed in almost two-thirds of American municipal elections,' only limited analysis has been made of their actual political effect.2 There has been considerable theoretical discussion of the assumed values of this electoral system,3 but Lee's study on California municipalities is the only substantial book on this subject.4 Other investigations have appeared in the form of doctoral dissertations and journal articles, the most outstanding being the work of Adrian.5 In the existing literature, the major focus has been on the activities of candidates, political parties, and interest groups. Freeman examined voter preferences in a city with a local two-party system separate from
Effects of simulated precipitation extremes on crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard) oviposition in artificial burrows

Mature female Procambarus clarkii were housed individually in artificial burrows simulating conditions in natural burrows. Crayfish were exposed to conditions of simulated temporary flooding dislocation (Experiment 1) or simulated drought (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, females were dislocated from burrows to simulate 0, 1, 3 or 6 temporary flooding dislocations, and in Experiment 2, females were exposed to the following simulated drought conditions: wet control (no drought), dry control (no free water), month-long periods without free water during July, August, September and October (1 month drought), two consecutive months without free water (August– September), and three consecutive months without free water (August–October). In Experiment 1, no significant differences in survival or oviposition rate were observed following transfer of individuals from ‘settled/sealed’ burrows to ‘new burrow’ containers, even after six consecutive dislocations. In Experiment 2, simulated drought of 2 or 3 month’s duration had a significant negative impact on oviposition. Survival was significantly reduced only among females exposed to no free water during the 6-month study. No spawning occurred without the presence of free water in the burrows, and when free water was absent during the peak spawning months of September and/or October, oviposition was delayed until free water was returned. These results indicate that brood female P. clarkii can withstand short-term conditions without free water in the burrow with little effect, but reproduction and survival are significantly reduced by prolonged drought.
Spatiotemporal correlations in denatured proteins: The dependence of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-derived protein reconfiguration times on the location of the FRET probes

There has been considerable effort to understand the inherent time scale for conformational reconfiguration of denatured proteins. Even a simple homopolymer, however, exhibits a spectrum of fluctuation time scales rather than a unique characteristic time. Consequently, different time scales may be probed by different measurements. Motivated by recent single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments, here I have studied theoretically how the characteristic time scale exhibited by fluctuations of the distance between two residues within an unfolded polypeptide depends on the choice of the residue pair. This time scale was generally found to become shorter as the sequence separation between the residues is reduced. The maximum reconfiguration time, however, corresponds not to the residues being located at the ends of the chain but rather to each residue residing a short length apart from the ends. Comparison of these findings with recent single-molecule measurements suggests that the latter may bear signatures of transient residual structure.
Integration of SV40 DNA and induction of cellular DNA synthesis after a ts SV40 infection.

Abstract The early temperature-sensitive mutant of simian virus 40 (SV40), ts∗101 , was characterized in nonpermissive Chinese hamster (ChH) and permissive monkey CV-1 cells for integration of viral DNA and induction of cellular DNA synthesis. At 42° in CV-1 cells, this mutant did not induce the synthesis of T antigen or cellular and viral DNA. The viral DNA did not integrate into the CV-1 DNA, although nuclear penetration occurred. In ChH cells the mutant induced T antigen at 40° and 42°, and the viral DNA integrated into ChH DNA, but ChH DNA synthesis was not induced. These findings suggest that the integration of SV40 DNA does not depend on the replication of cellular DNA and that, at least functionally, integration precedes the induction of cellular DNA synthesis.
Categorical abstract algebraic logic: The Diagram and the Reduction Operator Lemmas

The study of structure systems, an abstraction of the concept of first-order structures, is continued. Structure systems have algebraic systems as their algebraic reducts and their relational component consists of a collection of relation systems on the underlying functors. An analog of the expansion of a first-order structure by constants is presented. Furthermore, analogs of the Diagram Lemma and the Reduction Operator Lemma from the theory of equality-free first-order structures are provided in the framework of structure systems. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Periodic solutions of nonlinear integral equations

The existence of a continuous periodic solution of the system $$x(t) = f(t) + \int\limits_{ - \infty }^t {q(t,s,x(s))ds} ,$$ , is studied using Horn's fixed point theorem as the basic tool. First it is assumed that the solutions are bounded in some sense and that they depend continuously on initial functions. Then the required boundedness of solutions are obtained for special cases of q. Also, a few sufficient conditions are provided to ensure the continuous dependence of solutions on initial functions.
Censorship and literature in Fascist Italy, by Guido Bonsaver

Censorship and literature in Fascist Italy, by Guido Bonsaver, Toronto/London, University of Toronto Press, 2007, 405 pp., £22.50 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8020-9496-4 Guido Bonsaver attempts to do s...
Examining the Place of English Language Learners Across the Teacher Education Curriculum

Preparing teachers to support effective instruction of English language learners (ELLs) is an important dimension of today’s teacher education programs, yet often difficult to enact. This paper reports on a comprehensive curriculum analysis of a range of teacher preparation programs at one urban college of education. This contributed to a comprehensive understanding of the needs of faculty and candidates in their beliefs and experiences with ELL pedagogy. Implications for modifying the delivery of programs to strengthen more effective instruction for ELLs is discussed.
The growth of ultra-thin layer superlattices by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract The growth of very thin, abrupt-interface, uniform epitaxial heterostructures of AlGaAsGaAs and GaAsPGaAs by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is described. A brief description of the growth process as it applies to thin layers grown uniformly over large area is given. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data on lattice matched ultra-thin superlattices of AlGaAsGaAs and on strained layer superlattices (SLS) of GaAsPGaAs are presented. Convergent beam electron diffraction techniques are used to obtain higher order Laue zone line patterns from which the strain in these SLS structures can be determined.
Parkinsonism: Electromyographic Studies of Monosynaptic Reflex

Electromyographic studies of the monosynaptic reflex in 70 Parkinsonian patients and 12 normal subjects show four types of abnormal facilitation and recovery curves in the Parkinsonian group, types that correspond to variations in the clinical syndrome; Cryosurgical lesions in the, ventro-lateral and ventro-postero-lateral nuclei of the thalamus restore essentially normal curves.
ENDOCRINE ACTION OF THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES

THE ANTIGENIC properties of thyroglobulin have been studied at various times since its isolation from the thyroid by Hutchison in 1896 (1). The early attempts in this field dealt with the production of cytotoxic serum specific for the thyroid, using whole thyroid or a crude extract thereof as the antigen. Some of these experiments were successful (2–6); others were unsuccessful (7). Most of the investigators were able to demonstrate the presence of specific agglutinins and precipitins in the antisera, as well as cytolysins. Portis (4) and Beebe (6) used thyroglobulin, as well as whole thyroid, as the antigen. Rogers and Beebe (8) made the interesting observation that rabbits injected with antiserum tolerated thyroid protein administered parenterally better than uninjected animals, indicating that the antiserum possessed antihormonic properties. They went further and treated patients having exophthalmic goiter by means of antiserum to human thyroid.
Effects of low temperature acclimation on neural Na+-K+ dependent ATPase in Periplaneta americana

Abstract The comparative kinetics of Na+-K+ dependent ATPase from ‘brains’ of Periplaneta americana were investigated in acclimated (16°C) and non-acclimated (24°C) specimens. K m and pH optima were determined over a range of 5°C to 37°C in both acclimated and non-acclimated specimens in order to estimate the acclimation potential of this species. In addition Mg+2 optima was determined both before and after the acclimation process. Low temperature acclimation was not found to alter the pH optima (pH 7.4). Apparent K m values decreased between 5°C and 24°C indicating a greater substrate affinity at lower temperatures in the acclimated specimens (non-acclimated K m = 0.24 mM ATP, acclimated K m = 0.04 mM ATP at 5°C; non-acclimated K m = 0.09 mM ATP, acclimated K m = 0.07 mM ATP at 24°C) and hence an increased mobilization of energy reserves during thermal stress. Mg+2 concentration optima was 1 mM in the non-acclimated specimens and remained unchanged after acclimation.
Enhanced learning and performance through a synergy of objective and subjective modes of change

Despite today’s accelerating rate and extent of change, the needed improvements within many areas of performance and quality of life have not taken place. Posits that productivity is remaining the same or even going down in many areas. Infers that learning and change have not been effective. Change involves a subject or self, who is acting, and an object which is acted on. Until now there has been an imbalanced focus on the object. In order to achieve more effective learning ‐ through a synergy of objective and subjective approaches to change ‐ suggests a comprehensive model of change where the emphasis is shifted from the object to the subject. In higher stages of human development, the subject increasingly experiences an enhanced capacity for accomplishment. Argues that this transformation of the actor provides the stable premiss for overcoming many of the shortcomings of contemporary learning and change strategies. In order to implement in practice the expanded change conception, introduces a mental technique ‐ transcendental meditation ‐ which systematically fosters human growth to higher stages of development, as shown by scientific research.
Economic Voting and Political Sophistication Defending Heterogeneous Attribution

The authors reply here to Godbout and Belanger's critique of their work on political sophistication and economic voting. Principally, the authors stress the importance of using contemporaneous econ...
Structural determinants for the binding of anthrax lethal factor to oligomeric protective antigen.

Anthrax lethal toxin assembles at the surface of mammalian cells when the lethal factor (LF) binds via its amino-terminal domain, LFN, to oligomeric forms of activated protective antigen (PA). LF·PA complexes are then trafficked to acidified endosomes, where PA forms heptameric pores in the bounding membrane and LF translocates through these pores to the cytosol. We used enhanced peptide amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and directed mutagenesis to define the surface on LFN that interacts with PA. A continuous surface encompassing one face of LFN became protected from deuterium exchange when LFN was bound to a PA dimer. Directed mutational analysis demonstrated that residues within this surface on LFN interact with Lys-197 on two PA subunits simultaneously, thereby showing that LFN spans the PA subunit:subunit interface and explaining why heptameric PA binds a maximum of three LFN molecules. Our results elucidate the structural basis for anthrax lethal toxin assembly and may be useful in developing drugs to block toxin action.
Euler-Cauchy Using Undetermined Coefficients

The Euler-Cauchy equation is often the first higher order differential equation with variable coefficients introduced in an undergraduate differential equations course. Putting a non-homogeneous Eu...
Impact-induced delamination of composites: A 2D simulation

The delamination process in thin composite plates subjected to low-velocity impact is simulated using a specially developed 2D cohesive/volumetric finite element scheme. Cohesive elements are introduced along the boundaries of the inner layers and inside the transverse plies to simulate the spontaneous initiation and propagation of transverse matrix cracks and delamination fronts. The analysis is performed within the framework of the finite deformation theory of elasticity to account for the nonlinear stiffening of the thin composite plate and the large rotations which accompany the fracture process. The simulation is dynamic and uses an explicit time stepping scheme. Comparison with existing experiments performed on graphite/epoxy laminates indicates that the cohesive/volumetric finite element scheme is able to capture the complex mechanisms leading to the delamination, including the initial micro-cracking of the matrix, the appearance of critical transverse matrix cracks and the rapid propagation of delamination cracks initiated at the intersections between the critical matrix cracks and the adjacent plies.
Admissibility and appraisal of scientific evidence in continental European criminal justice systems: past, present and future

The legal literature on the use of forensic evidence mainly originates from Anglo-Saxon scholars, which can lead the reader to think that bias by partisan experts is the most problematic issue when decision makers must assess the reliability and probative value of a given clue. Simultaneously, the same scholars view inquisitorial court-appointed experts as the miracle solution to many issues encountered in their own criminal justice systems. The present contribution aims at presenting and discussing the main characteristics of inquisitorial criminal justice systems on the matter of scientific evidence. It will be shown that, in such systems, issues associated with the use of scientific evidence are often poorly addressed because the judicial community has great trust in its court-appointed scientific experts and lacks awareness as to the questions raised by such evidence. It will also be shown that this system is particularly ill-suited for future scientific innovations and their use in the criminal trial.
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF JOB APPLICANTS AND SUCCESS IN SCREENING INTERVIEWS

Although there is substantial evidence that personality constructs are valid predictors of job performance, there is less systematic evidence of how personality characteristics relate to success in the interviewing process. Measures of the Big Five personality markers were obtained from a sample of graduating college seniors (n= 83) who were engaged in a job search. At a later time these students reported the strategies used in the job search and success in generating follow-up interviews and job offers. Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness were positively related to the use of social sources (e.g., talking to others) to prepare for interviews. Conscientiousness was positively related to the use of non-social preparation. Use of social sources for preparation for initial interviews was positively related to the likelihood of receiving follow-up interviews and job offers. The results suggest that personality is related to interviewee's success in part through actions taken well before the interviewing process begins and in part through the interviewers' inferences of the applicants' personality during the interview.
Isolated endocardial fibroelastosis of the right ventricle associated with pulmonary hypertension.

Fig. 2. Heart specimen viewed from anterior (a), right anterior oblique (b), and right lateral (c) aspects with the abnormalities as diagrammed in Fig. 1. The tautness of the proximal right coronary artery is seen (c); the tunneled LAD is bracketed (a). The common site of origin of the left and right coronary arteries is indicated (b and c) (large curved arrows). LA = left atrium. (Photographs by Bill Rogler.)
MOSFET hand analysis using BSIM

This article describes the set-up of the Liu small-signal circuit for hand analysis of circuits using MOSFETs with BSIM models, Liu's circuit differs from standard textbook circuits in the use of a complex-valued transconductance and does not make the common, but inaccurate, simplification of neglecting the output drain-to-body capacitance. BSIM and Liu's circuit agree completely for the frequency response of a common-source amplifier. This example shows that Liu's complex transconductance is essential to find the correct corner frequency. The complex transconductance provides the same corner frequency regardless of the value selected for the BSIM parameter XPART, which is not true of a circuit with a real transconductance. The value selected for XPART affects somewhat the higher frequency pole of this amplifier, and affects radically the high frequency zero. As a result, uncertainty in the value of XPART translates directly into uncertainty in the high frequency response, and a corresponding uncertainty in design.
Symmetry and chaos in the motion of the damped driven pendulum

The damped, driven pendulum equation is studied numerically. A relation is pointed out between the symmetry of the initial period-m dynamical state of am×2n period-doubling sequence and the form of the chaotic attractor for the final chaotic dynamical state reached after completion of the inverse-doubling sequence. Effects of extrinsic noise are also mentioned.
THE FARMLAND CONVERSION DEBATE: NALS AND BEYOND*

The need to protect high quality agricultural land through public policies and programs at various levels of government has been debated in the U.S. for at least three decades. This article reviews the evolution of the debate before 1979, the ill-fated attempt of the National Agricultural Lands Study (NALS) (1979–1981) to resolve the debate, and the current status of the land conversion issue. Articulation of the issue has been impeded by confusion of objectives, semantic problems, unreliability of land conversion data, and excess capacity in the American farm economy. Land conversion estimates published in 1977 by the Soil Conservation Service and relied upon by NALS have proven to be misleading in light of the 1982 National Resources Inventory. State and local programs to discourage farmland conversion are justifiable in terms of land use planning objectives, maintenance of a viable local farm economy, and avoidance of undue reliance upon marginal lands requiring costly technical inputs.
Numerical Recipes Example Book

From the Publisher: This is the revised and greatly expanded Second Edition of the hugely popular Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing. The product of a unique collaboration among four leading scientists in academic research and industry, Numerical Recipes is a complete text and reference book on scientific computing. In a self-contained manner it proceeds from mathematical and theoretical considerations to actual practical computer routines. With over 100 new routines (now well over 300 in all), plus upgraded versions of many of the original routines, this book is more than ever the most practical, comprehensive handbook of scientific computing available today. The book retains the informal, easy-to-read style that made the first edition so popular, with many new topics presented at the same accessible level. In addition, some sections of more advanced material have been introduced, set off in small type from the main body of the text. Numerical Recipes is an ideal textbook for scientists and engineers and an indispensable reference for anyone who works in scientific computing. Highlights of the new material include a new chapter on integral equations and inverse methods; multigrid methods for solving partial differential equations; improved random number routines; wavelet transforms; the statistical bootstrap method; a new chapter on "less-numerical" algorithms including compression coding and arbitrary precision arithmetic; band diagonal linear systems; linear algebra on sparse matrices; Cholesky and QR decomposition; calculation of numerical derivatives; Pade approximants, and rational Chebyshev approximation; new special functions; Monte Carlo integration in high-dimensional spaces; globally convergent methods for sets of nonlinear equations; an expanded chapter on fast Fourier methods; spectral analysis on unevenly sampled data; Savitzky-Golay smoothing filters; and two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnoff tests. All this is in addition to material on such basic top
Endosomal proteases in antigen presentation

Processing of cytoplasmic and endocytized foreign antigens were once thought to be completely separate pathways of peptide generation for MHC class I and class II peptide display. However, recent studies show actually that there is extensive overlap owing, in part, to the positioning of endosomal proteases at sites in which MHC class I and class II paths cross. The questions of how antigens access and persist at sites of endosomal processing are proving to be as important as those regarding the proteases themselves. However, individual proteases within the set of endosomal enzymes have emerged both as targets for microbial evasion from MHC-class-II-dependent immunity and as required elements in autoimmunity. Repeated implication of cathepsins in processing medically important antigens holds promise for therapeutic manipulation of proteases in diseases in which there is disordered adaptive immunity.
DIETARY FATS AND CHOLESTEROL SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECTS ON AORTIC AND LIPID RESPONSE IN RATS

Abstract The experiment was designed to elucidate the effects of feeding four dietary oils (corn, hazelnut, olive, and fish), and cholesterol supplementation on plasma, liver lipids, and aortic smooth muscle response to drugs. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets containing one of the above oils (15% wt/wt), either with or without cholesterol supplementation (1% wt/wt), for 20 days. Hazelnut oil-fed rats showed the highest plasma total cholesterol level, while animals fed fish oil exhibited the lowest plasma total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Hepatic cholesterol content was not affected by dietary oils. Liver lipids increased when dietary cholesterol was added to any of the oils used. Acetylcholine pD 2 was elevated in fish oil- and hazelnut oil-fed rats, but rats fed all dietary oils showed maximal relaxation. Cholesterol supplementation reduced aortic maximal relaxation caused by acetylcholine. These results indicate that the type of dietary oil and cholesterol intake differentially raise plasma and liver lipid levels and modulate aortic smooth muscle response in the rat.
Boron accumulation by maize grown in acidic soil amended with coal combustion products

Coal combustion products (CCPs) have potential for use as soil amendments on acidic soils. One concern for plants grown on acidic soils amended with CCPs is boron (B) toxicity, since many CCPs contain considerable B. Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown (greenhouse) on acidic soil [Umbric Dystrochept, pH 3.9 (1 soil:1 10 mM CaCl2)] amended with 15 CCPs [two fly ashes (FAs), three fluidized bed combustion products (FBCs), one calcium (Ca) oxide (CaO) material, six high Ca sulfite (CaSO 3) flue gas desulfurization products (FGDs), and three high Ca sulfate (CaSO4) FGDs] at different levels to determine accumulation of B in shoots. Plants were also grown in soil amended with Ca carbonate (CaCO3, lime) and chemical grade CaSO4 and CaSO3 as controls. Among the CCPs tested, FAs contained the highest B levels. Shoot B concentrations were as high as 500 mg kg 21 without reductions in dry matter (DM) for plants grown on soil amended with one FA. Plants grown with one FBC had sufficient B to suspect potential B toxicity, and plant DM was greatly reduced or died when grown with . 0.5% of this material. Relatively high shoot B concentrations were noted in plants grown with the highest levels of high CaSO3 FGDs. High shoot B concentrations (,300 mg kg 21 ) were noted for plants grown with . 5% levels of one high CaSO4 FGD, and DM declined after reaching these levels. Plants grown on soil amended with CaO had low shoot B. Some of the CCPs used in this study contained sufficient B to potentially induce B toxicity in plants grown on the acidic soil amended with the various CCPs. Maize growth was generally enhanced when grown on soil amended with the CCPs at appropriate levels. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Flows and Horizontal Displacements from Ring Diagrams

A new algorithm for analyzing ring diagrams from helioseismic data is presented. This method is applied to two months of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager data from 1996 May 24 through July 24 to study flows and to measure the ratio of the horizontal displacement to the vertical displacement for the oscillations. We find that (1) the rotation rate agrees well with that measured from global modes, extending the measurements closer to the surface; (2) there is a 20 m s-1 poleward meridional flow; (3) there are medium-scale velocity features persisting for several days; (4) the radial gradient of the near surface rotation rate decreases with latitude; and (5) meridional flow decreases with depth. The measured horizontal-to-vertical displacement ratio is in agreement with that expected from theoretical considerations.
Rare earth elements in river waters

To characterize the input to the oceans of rare earth elements (REE) in the dissolved and the suspended loads of rivers, the REE concentrations were measured in samples of Amazon, Indus, Mississippi, Murray-Darling, and Ohio rivers and in samples of smaller rivers that had more distinct drainage basin lithology and water chemistry. It was found that, in the suspended loads of small rivers, the REE pattern was dependent on drainage basin geology, whereas the suspended loads in major rivers had relatively uniform REE patterns and were heavy-REE depleted relative to the North American Shale composite (NASC). The dissolved loads in the five major rivers had marked relative heavy-REE enrichments, relative to the NASC and the suspended material, with the (La/Yb)N ratio of about 0.4 (as compared with the ratio of about 1.9 in suspended loads).
Engineering architecture of the neutron Time-of-Flight (nToF) diagnostic suite at the National Ignition Facility

This paper describes the engineering architecture and function of the neutron Time-of-Flight (nToF) diagnostic suite installed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). These instruments provide key measures of neutron yield, ion temperature, drift velocity, neutron bang-time, and neutron downscatter ratio. Currently, there are five nToFs on three collimated lines-of-site (LOS) from 18m to 27m from Target Chamber Center, and three positioned 4.5m from TCC, within the NIF Target Chamber but outside the vacuum and confinement boundary by use of re-entrant wells on three other LOS. NIF nToFs measure the time history and equivalent energy spectrum of reaction generated neutrons from a NIF experiment. Neutrons are transduced to electrical signals, which are then carried either by coaxial or Mach-Zehnder transmission systems that feed divider assemblies and fiducially timed digitizing oscilloscopes outside the NIF Target Bay (TB) radiation shield wall. One method of transduction employs a two-stage process wherein a neutron is converted to scintillation photons in hydrogen doped plastic (20x40mm) or bibenzyl crystals (280x1050mm), which are subsequently converted to an electrical signal via a photomultiplier tube or a photo-diode. An alternative approach uses a single-stage conversion of neutrons-to-electrons by use of a thin (0.25 to 2 mm) Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond (CVDD) disc (2 to 24mm radius) under high voltage bias. In comparison to the scintillator method, CVDDs have fast rise and decay times (<ns), have very low residual tails, are insensitive to shot gammas, and are less sensitive to the neutron signal of interest.
The role of architectural styles in successful software ecosystems

Software ecosystems are complex systems composed of multiple independent elements interacting with the system as a whole and with each other. "Success" for an ecosystem may be judged primarily in economic terms, but may alternatively be assessed with regard to other qualities, such as reduced time-to-market, widespread use, or adaptability. Example successful ecosystems include iOS apps, Photoshop Lightroom plug-ins, RESTful web services, and numerous e-commerce systems. This talk will examine the critical role that architectural styles play in making and sustaining successful ecosystems. Architectural styles are sets of design decisions applicable to a particular context, constraining development within that context, and yielding beneficial qualities. Styles carry lessons learned through experience, aid communication, provide vocabulary, and speed design. Most importantly, they can be key elements in maintaining conceptual integrity. After examining the role of styles in several ecosystems, the talk will focus on the particular problems of ecosystems in which some participants may be malicious, or where high degrees of customization or adaptability are required.
INFLUENCE OF TIME OF ADDITION OF ANTIBIOTIC ON THE IN VITRO LIFE OF RUMEN HOLOTRICH PROTOZOA.

EXTENDED maintenance in vitro of rumen oligotrich protozoa has been reported by Coleman1. Similar results have not been achieved with the rumen holotrich protozoa2. Coleman1 suggested that to accomplish maintenance of the oligotrich protozoa satisfactorily, it was desirable to control the numbers of bacteria present rather than to eliminate them. One of the principal differences between oligotrich and holotrich protozoa is that the former ingests and then digests starch granules, while holotrichs utilize mainly soluble carbohydrates3. In view of this fact, it would seem possible that competition between bacteria and protozoa for available substrate may be greater in the case of holotrichs than with oligotrichs.