cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Energy Efficiency Standards Reduce Prices and Improve Quality? Evidence from the US Clothes Washer Market

We examine the effect of energy efficiency standards on the clothes washers market using a constant-quality price index constructed from same-model price changes for a significant majority of clothes washer models sold in the United States between 2001 and 2011. We find constant-quality prices fell over time, while quality increased, particularly around times energy standards changed. We estimate total welfare changes by assuming the diâµerence between average price and constant-quality price indicates average quality. Further examination shows product entry and exit are associated with changes federal standard for energy efficiency. With policy changes implicitly coordinating entry and exit, average vintage sharply falls when standards change. Controlling for individual model and time effects, we find that lower average vintage is associated with more rapidly falling prices, an effect we attribute to increased competition. We also find a strong relationship between clothes washer prices and average vintage of the same manufacturer, which indicates cannibalism explains much of the declining price of clothes washers over time. We apply the same methodology to other appliances (clothes dryer, room air conditioners and refrigerators) which did not experience simultaneous efficiency standard changes between 2001 and 2011. We see the same cannibalism in the market for clothes dryers, but not for room air conditioners or refrigerators. We also find notable improvements both in the characteristics of clothes washers that directly improve energy efficiency and those that promote convenience and space-saving. Energy efficiency standards appear to facilitate more rapid innovation and price declines.
Applications of DFT to the Theory of Twentieth-Century Harmony

Music theorists have only recently, following groundbreaking work by Quinn, recognized the potential for the DFT on pcsets, initially proposed by Lewin, to serve as the foundation of a theory of harmony for the twentieth century. This paper investigates pcset “arithmetic” – subset structure, transpositional combination, and interval content – through the lens of the DFT. It discusses relationships between interval classes and DFT magnitudes, considers special properties of dyads, pcset products, and generated collections, and suggest methods of using the DFT in analysis, including interpreting DFT magnitudes, using phase spaces to understand subset structure, and interpreting the DFT of Lewin’s interval function. Webern’s op. 5/4 and Bartok’s String Quartet 4, iv, are discussed.
Indirect Health Consequences of War

This study examines the effect of armed conflict on female and male adult cardiovascular disease mortality. Indirect health consequences of war have not been given enough attention in social science research. The depletion of resources, access to health care, and general disruption to everyday life during times of armed conflict create excess stress and burdens, which increase deaths caused by cardiovascular disease. I use a variety of data to measure demographic, developmental, and conflict-related outcomes spanning a forty-year period from 1960 to 2000 in more than a hundred countries. I find that all types of armed conflict increase cardiovascular disease mortality rates among females and males across countries and over time, with a greater effect on females.
Growth of Novikoff hepatoma cells in the presence of long-chain fatty acids.

SummaryThe growth characteristics of Novikoff hepatoma cells growing in culture can be differentially altered by the addition of long-chain fatty acids to the growth medium. The greatest reduction in growth rate was obtained by adding sodium stearate to the growth medium and the least was when sodium oleate was added; the effect of sodium petroselenate was intermediate. The addition of the methyl ester to the growth medium caused a smaller reduction in cell proliferation than the corresponding sodium salt of the fatty acid.When each of the long-chain acids in their triglyceride form was added to the growth medium, there was no reduction in the growth rate of the cells even at very high concentrations. Possible reasons for these changes are discussed.This investigation was supported by Public Health Service Grant HL 08214 from the Program Projects Branch, Extramural Programs, National Heart and Lung Institute, Grant CA 14003 of the National Cancer Institute and The Hormel Foundation.
Issues Facing the Established Metastatic Bone Disease Patient, Timing/Indications for Surgery

This chapter explores several challenges faced by clinicians when treating patients with established metastatic disease of bone. The goal is to review general principles and information from other disciplines as they relate to surgical decision making. The methodology and role of preoperative risk assessment in counseling patients with known metastatic disease is discussed. The difficult challenge of survival prognostication for metastatic cancer patients by even experienced practitioners is reviewed, and the impact of this uncertainty on shared surgical decision making between surgeon and patient is examined. The influence of disease location and severity, concurrent chemotherapy, and completed or planned radiation therapy upon surgical timing is reviewed with an emphasis on recent evidence and practical applications. The potential consequences of targeted cancer therapies upon surgical indications, techniques, and complications are discussed with analysis of current evidence and future prospects. The chapter concludes with a review of recent advances suggesting that surgical treatment of metastatic bone disease may aid the systemic treatment of cancer through immune modulation.
RU486 inhibits ovulation, fertilization and early embryonic development in rabbits: in vivo and in vitro studies.

Objective To clarify the role of P in ovulation, fertilization, and early embryonic development using RU486, a potent P receptor blocker. Design Ovulatory efficiency, IVF, and early embryonic development were evaluated after RU486 administration in vivo and in vitro. Setting Research laboratory of a university hospital. Participants Mature male and female New Zealand white rabbits. Interventions Animals were treated with RU486 or vehicle for 3days before hCG-induced ovulation. Ovaries treated with hCG to induce ovulation were perfused for 6hours in vitro with RU486 or vehicle. In vitro fertilization was performed in the presence or absence of RU486. Main Outcome Measures The percentage of mature follicles ovulating (ovulatory efficiency) was determined after in vivo and in vitro treatment. Fertilization, morula, and blastocyst development were evaluated every 24hours for 120hours. Results RU486 significantly inhibited ovulation, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Conclusions Progesterone plays a significant role in ovulation, fertilization, and preimplantation embryonic development.
Determination of artificial colors in dairy products by HPLC

Objective:To establish the HPLC method for determining the artificial colors including coccinellin,tartrazine,sunset yellow fcf,brilliant blue in dairy products.Methods:Using glacial acetic acid as the precipitant,this solution was filtered vacuumly by a vertical and blending funnel containing G3 polyamide powder and artificial colors were absorbed.Finally desorb the colors by ethanol-ammonia solution,and collect all the desorption solution,analyze it by HPLC after evaporation,constant volume and filteration.Results:The linearity of each content of artificial colors was good in the range of 5.0～100.0 μg/ml.The relative standard deviation of this method was 2.6%～6.1% with the recovery of 96.7%～105.3%.Conclusion:This method is accurate and reliable.So it can be widely used.
Application of BP Neural Network Model in the Prediction of China's Carbon Emissions Based on Grey Correlation analysis

In this paper,using the principle of gray correlation analysis,the influence factors on the China's carbon emissions were selected,using a BP neural network model to predict the China's carbon emissions,thus greatly improves the the training speed of the neural networkand achieved good prediction effect,which provides a new scientific tool for predicting China's carbon emissions.
A Note on Popular Baby Names on the Social Security Website: An Important Onomastic Resource

This note provides a road map for the use of the Social Security “Popular Baby Names” website. It gives information on how to navigate the site and utilize all of its features for research, decision making in the selection of a baby’s name, personal information, and many other possibilities.
Why some teams emphasize learning more than others: Evidence from business unit management teams.

Why are some management teams more strongly oriented toward learning than others? The dominant notion in the learning literature is that teams will seek to learn when their outcomes do not live up to their aspirations. In this paper we argue that this perspective overlooks important factors in the social context of a management team that can promote or inhibit an orientation toward learning. In-depth analysis of qualitative and quantitative data obtained from four business unit management teams in a Fortune 100 consumer products company supports this thesis. Specifically, we find that a teams learning orientation is fostered by: (1) an emphasis on ends over means combined with clarity around ends, (2) team norms that tolerate mistakes of commission but sanction mistakes of omission, (3) a sense of uniqueness combined with a strong sense of team efficacy, and (4) cross-boundary interaction facilitated by experientially-broad boundary spanners. These findings both confirm as well as extend theoretical and empirical work on the factors that activate learning and innovation.
The Sexual Politics of Violence against Women

Sexuality is at the center of women’s health. Sexuality affects reproduction, women’s mental health, social identity, and general well-being. To the patriarchal mind, sexuality evokes danger, disease, and death: the risks of overpopulation, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence. Control of women’s sexuality is critical to reproduction of the labor force (the production and socialization of the next generation), including the armed forces. Society undertakes to control women’s sexuality in part to control women’s productive labor, both paid and unpaid. Rigid gender roles are an expression of this effort to control men’s and women’s sexuality: they dictate how women and men express their sexuality, what work each gender must do, what work either may do, and what work either may not do. Society uses its control of women’s sexuality to perpetuate the social order, for example by specifying that women bear children and also rear and socialize them in the customs of their culture.
Conserving ourselves: Embedding significance into conservation decision-making in graduate education

Graduate conservation students are well educated in many aspects of their work; however, it is difficult in the classroom to teach students how to base their conservation decisions on aspects of cultural significance. It is widely acknowledged that conservation decisions are not neutral, that they depend on cultural context and upon the predilections of the conservator and the owning individual or institution. Partnerships between community members and conservators have had a long history within conservation practices described as ‘ethnographic’, and such methods have arguably influenced working practices within other conservation specialties. A graduate conservation class is described in which students conserved important heritage items belonging to their classmates, in an environment where access to discoveries of significance were encouraged for their ability to inform preservation decisions. Cases are described that link decisions with specific values.
User-mode API for tape libraries

Tape libraries are becoming more commonplace in various installations, whether they are used for automatic backups, archive or on-line storage. This work represents a freely distributable user-mode C-library that implements various SCSI commands of the Exabyte EXB-210 unit.
The Jamaica Letter

Bolivar kept the Second Venezuelan Republic in existence from July 1813 to July 1814. The restoration of Ferdinand VII to the Spanish throne rekindled royalist sentiments among some Venezuelans. Spanish forces pushed Bolivar and his men out of Venezuela. Retreating to New Granada, Bolivar found the military situation there untenable. Eventually, he withdrew to the island of Jamaica and subsequently went to Haiti.
Pulpit, Pews and Picket Lines: Galamison's Fight to Integrate NYC Schools and the Theology Behind It

Critics of Black liberation theology often argue it never left the halls of the academy; the case of Milton Galamison proves such assertions to be false. This article, drawing from archival resources that include Galamison's unpublished autobiography and sermons spanning decades, teases out the sources and norms of his theology, the myriad responses from congregants, and details his involvement with the struggle to integrate the largest school district in the United States. The article, therefore, highlights a praxiological framework for Black liberation theology from one of its under appreciated and acknowledged practitioners. It is hoped that this work will expand the parameters of Black liberation theology and highlight that its impact has extended beyond the halls of the academy.
Should US doctors mourn for Obamacare

Any changes to the Affordable Care Act are likely to result in fewer people being insured, worry Adam Gaffney and Zackary D Berger , but Saurabh Jha thinks reform could prioritise market forces and really make care affordable
A Framework for Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Design of Response-to-Intervention Models

Response to Intervention (RTI) was encoded into the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, and is being adopted on a wide scale as an alternative approach to identification of students with learning disabilities. For RTI to be an effective mechanism for addressing disproportionate representation of culturally and linguistically diverse students in special education, its focus must go beyond school and classroom implementation of academic or behavioral interventions to also address systemic factors that may be contributing to educational underachievement for students from non-dominant socio-cultural groups. This article offers a systems framework for culturally and linguistically responsive implementation of RTI, that takes into account the sociopolitical, cultural, and linguistic contexts of school reform efforts. Features that differentiate this model from current conceptions in the literature are described, and implications for implementation, research, and personnel preparation are identified.
A Knowledge-Based Mastitis Evaluation Tool for Dairy Management Advisors

Abstract A decision aid has been developed to evaluate mastitis data retrieved electronically from two of nine U.S. regional dairy records processing centers. The program was developed for ease of use for inexperienced and experienced field persons assisting farmers with mastitis problems. Heuristic rules to diagnose herd mastitis problems were collected and incorporated into the system from various domain experts. This expert system imports database files for individual cows and queries the user for appropriate herd management information. It allows users to select mastitis control schemes with various degrees of aggressiveness and teaches commonly accepted mastitis control practices.
Transitions in Item Difficulty as Sources of Organization in Serial Learning

Previous research has shown that performance differences among items of serial anticipation tasks can be predicted quite well if the rated ease of learning each item, with that of its context of neighboring list members, are considered. To extend the generality of these former findings, predictor values were simplified in the present experiments. Extremely easy and difficult consonant vowel consonant (CVC) trigrams, arranged in double or triple alternation sequences, were learned by the anticipation method (continuous serial learning). Results showed extremely stable effects of item difficulty that were predicted very well despite simplification of predictors. It was suggested that the reliable carryover effects and consensus in cue selection indicated the nature of organizational processes—use of inhomogeneities as anchor points—that underlie serial learning.
Systematic Investigation of Alkali Metal Ions as Additives for Graphite Anode in Propylene Carbonate Based Electrolytes

Abstract Propylene carbonate (PC) is an electrolyte co-solvent with a wide working temperature range, which can improve the performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, PC co-intercalates into graphite with lithium ions leading to exfoliation and rapid capacity decay. Incorporation of low concentrations of Cs + or K + ions as additives improves the performance by inhibiting graphite exfoliation and leading to better first cycle efficiency. The electrochemical behavior of graphite anodes with a series of electrolytes containing added alkaline metal acetate salts, Li, Na, K, and Cs, has been investigated. Cells containing K and Cs acetate have the highest first cycle efficiency and reversible cycling capacity. In an effort to better understand the role of the cation on performance, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphitic anodes cycled with the different electrolytes has been investigated via a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The presence of the heavier cations (K and Cs) leads to a thinner SEI with higher LiF content which is likely responsible for the performance enhancement.
Chronic Adolescent Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Treatment of Male Mice Leads to Long-Term Cognitive and Behavioral Dysfunction, Which Are Prevented by Concurrent Cannabidiol Treatment

Abstract Introduction: The high prevalence of adolescent cannabis use, the association between this use and later psychiatric disease, and increased access to high-potency cannabis highlight the need for a better understanding of the long-term effects of adolescent cannabis use on cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, increasing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in high-potency cannabis is accompanied by a decrease in cannabidiol (CBD), thus an understanding of the interactions between CBD and THC in the neurodevelopmental effects of THC is also important. The current study examined the immediate and long-term behavioral consequences of THC, CBD, and their combination in a mouse model of adolescent cannabis use. Materials and Methods: Male CD1 mice received daily injections of THC (3 mg/kg), CBD (3 mg/kg), CBD+THC (3 mg/kg each), vehicle, or remained undisturbed in their home cage (no handling/injections), either during adolescence (postnatal day [PND] 28–48) or during early adulthood (PND 69–89). A...
Moving Out: Mapping Mobile Home Park Closures to Analyze Spatial Patterns of Low–Income Residential Displacement:

Mobile homes provide the largest source of unsubsidized affordable housing in the United States. However, in mobile home parks residents live at risk of eviction because they rent the land on which...
Effects of Pressing on Metal Powders

The effects of pressing in the fabrication of modern powder metallurgy parts is examined through literature of historical and practical significance. A theory of pressing and its effects, consistent with experimental results, is presented. A thorough list of references is included.
Youth Resistance Training: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly—The Year That Was 2017

The good news is that a growing body of evidence recognizes resistance training as foundational to long-term physical development. Original research and reviews published in 2017 conclude that early exposure to developmentally appropriate resistance training can improve markers of health, increase muscular fitness, enhance physical literacy, and reduce the risk of injury in young athletes. Although the papers discussed in the commentary add to our understanding of the pleiotropic benefits of youth resistance training, they also raise concerns. As measures of muscular strength and power have been found to track from childhood to adulthood, the bad news is that youth with low levels of muscular fitness tend to become weak adults who are at increased risk for functional limitations and adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, global participation in youth resistance training is falling far short of public health recommendations, and these ugly trends will likely impact the health and well-being of future generations. A change in current attitudes and common practices is urgently needed to educate parents, practitioners, and clinicians about the potential benefits of resistance training for all children and adolescents, not only young athletes.
HOTAIRprimes the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors for tumorigenesis via epigenetic dysregulation involving LSD1

The EWS-FLI1 fusion protein drives oncogenesis in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) in humans, but its toxicity in normal cells requires additional cellular events for oncogenesis. We show that the lncRNA HOTAIR maintains cell viability in the presence of EWS-FLI1 and redirects epigenetic regulation in ESFT. HOTAIR is consistently overexpressed in ESFTs and is not driven by EWS-FLI1. Repression of HOTAIR in ESFT cell lines significantly reduces anchorage-independent colony formation in vitro and impairs tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Overexpression of HOTAIR in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a putative cell of origin of ESFT, and IMR90 cells induces colony formation. Critically, HOTAIR-expressing hMSCs and IMR90 cells remain viable with subsequent EWS-FLI1 expression. HOTAIR induces histone modifications and gene repression through interaction with the epigenetic modifier LSD1 in ESFT cell lines and hTERT-hMSCs. Our findings suggest that HOTAIR maintains ESFT viability through epigenetic dysregulation.
Factors Contributing to Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Runners: A Prospective Study.

ABSTRACTPurposeMedial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is one of the most common overuse injuries sustained by runners. Despite the prevalence of this injury, risk factors for developing MTSS remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate differences in passive range of motion,
Comparing Fuzzy-C Means and K-Means Clustering Techniques: A Comprehensive Study

Clustering techniques are unsupervised learning methods of grouping similar from dissimilar data types. Therefore, these are popular for various data mining and pattern recognition purposes. However, their performances are data dependent. Thus, choosing right clustering technique for a given dataset is a research challenge. In this paper, we have tested the performances of a Soft clustering (e.g., Fuzzy C means or FCM) and a Hard clustering technique (e.g., K-means or KM) on Iris (150 x 4); Wine (178 x 13) and Lens (24 x 4) datasets. Distance measure is the heart of any clustering algorithm to compute the similarity between any two data. Two distance measures such as Manhattan (MH) and Euclidean (ED) are used to note how these influence the overall clustering performance. The performance has been compared based on seven parameters: (i) sensitivity, (ii) specificity, (iii) precision, (iv) accuracy, (v) run time, (vi) average intra cluster distance (i.e. compactness of the clusters) and (vii) inter cluster distance (i.e. distinctiveness of the clusters). Based on the experimental results, the paper concludes that both KM and FCM have performed well. However, KM outperforms FCM in terms of speed. FCM-MH combination produces most compact clusters, while KM-ED yields most distinct clusters.
Estimation of extracellular volume from regularized multi-shell diffusion MRI

Diffusion MRI measures micron scale displacement of water molecules, providing unique insight into microstructural tissue architecture. However, current practical image resolution is in the millimeter scale, and thus diffusivities from many tissue compartments are averaged in each voxel, reducing the sensitivity and specificity of the measurement to subtle pathologies. Recent studies have pointed out that eliminating the contribution of extracellular water increases the sensitivity of the diffusion measures to tissue architecture. Moreover, in brain imaging, estimation of the extracellular volume appears to indicate pathological processes such as atrophy, edema and neuroinflammation. Here we study the free-water method, which assumes a bi-tensor model. We add low b-value shells to a regular DTI acquisition and present methods to improve the estimation of the model parameters using the extra information. In addition, we define a Laplace-Beltrami regularization operator that further stabilizes the multi-shell estimation.
Abstract IA17: The tobacco environment at the point of sale and the effects on vulnerable populations

This presentation will cover findings from a project in the tobacco retail environment of the Tobacco Center for Regulatory Sciences in Vulnerable Populations at USC. Qualitative and survey research was conducted among over 700 retailers and in retail outlets that sell tobacco products in vulnerable ethnic communities, including among American Indian tribal lands, in African American, Hispanic/Latino, Korean, and low-SES non-Hispanic White neighborhoods. Findings show violations to tobacco rulings as well as identify potential areas of concern and viable targeted and culturally tailored solutions to reducing exposure to environmental influences that foster and encourage the use of tobacco products in vulnerable communities. Citation Format: Lourdes A. The tobacco environment at the point of sale and the effects on vulnerable populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.
Incidence of clinically evident isolated axillary nerve injury in 869 primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasties without routine identification of the axillary nerve.

Background It has been suggested that, during primary shoulder arthroplasty, surgeons should identify the axillary nerve through direct visualization, palpation, or the "tug test" to prevent iatrogenic nerve injury. Our goal was to document the rate of isolated axillary nerve injury (IANI) in patients who had undergone primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) without routine identification of the axillary nerve. Methods Data on 869 cases of primary shoulder arthroplasty (338 TSAs and 531 RTSAs) performed by 1 surgeon between 2003 and 2017 were reviewed. Neither the tug test nor identification of the axillary nerve through palpation or visualization was used in any case. The primary outcome was new IANI documented within 3 months after arthroplasty. The frequency of IANI was summarized using point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Six cases met the criteria for IANI. The overall incidence of IANI was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.4%). The incidence of IANI was 0.3% (95% CI, 0%-1.6%) after TSA and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.3%-2.1%) after RTSA. All IANIs were cases of neurapraxia, and all patients had experienced complete neurologic recovery at last follow-up. Conclusion Complete, permanent IANI resulting from direct surgical trauma during primary shoulder arthroplasty can be avoided without using the tug test or routine identification of the nerve. A low incidence of partial temporary IANI can be expected, which may be related to indirect traction injuries.
Role of Combined Steady-State and Dynamic Simulation in Integration of Process and Control Design

Abstract Prooess aid control decisions need to be addressed simultaneously since the process design directly affects the controllability and operability of the process. The process industries are now moving to integrate their process design and control strategy activities, but they are in need of a combined steady-state and dynamic simulation tool to support the range of tasks mat must be performed. This paper describes new developments in the integration of steady-state and dynamic simulation to enable users to move quickly from their steady-state process model to a dynamic process model within a single Graphical User Interface.
Coping Styles in the Domestic Cat ( Felis silvestris catus) and Implications for Cat Welfare

Identifying coping styles in cats may lead to improved health and welfare. The aims of this study were to (1) identify individual differences in response to acute confinement, and (2) to assess the predictability of guardian-rated personality traits on behavior. Adult cats (n = 55) were singly housed in enriched cages and behavioral observations were recorded for three days. On day 3, familiar and unfamiliar person approach tests were conducted. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) were quantified from voided samples. A questionnaire assessing personality traits and sickness behaviors was completed by each guardian. Analysis identified two clusters-cats in Cluster 1 (n = 22) were described as shy, calm, mellow, and timid; cats in Cluster 2 (n = 33) were described as active, playful, curious, and easygoing. Multilevel mixed-effects GLM revealed significant differences between the clusters including food intake (C1 > C2, p C1, p C1, p C2, p C1, p C2, p C2, p = 0.013) person. No statistically significant differences in FGM concentrations were identified (cluster p = 0.28; day p = 0.16, interaction p = 0.26). Guardian-rated personality traits agreed with the response of the cats when confined to a cage, suggesting that domestic cats have different coping styles. Identifying individual differences in response to stressful events or environments may provide caretakers with important information leading to improved welfare.
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urachal ligament presenting as small bowel obstruction: Case report and review of the literature

Abstract Pediatric soft tissue sarcomas comprise a small proportion of pediatric solid malignancies and may arise in numerous anatomic locations such as the head and neck, trunk, extremities, and the genitourinary tract. Here, we present a case of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) arising from an unusual location, the urachus. The 3-year-old patient initially presented with signs of small bowel obstruction. On diagnostic laparoscopy, an infraumbilical mass was discovered and removed by laparotomy. Analysis of the specimen confirmed embryonal RMS (ERMS). The patient was treated with a regimen of postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although rare, prompt diagnostic evaluation and treatment of RMS may improve the long-term morbidity and mortality of these patients.
Torque Ripple and Current Distortion Reduction with Multiple Vector Based Finite-Set Predictive Current Control for PMSM Drives

This paper presents a method for implementing multiple voltage-vector based predictive current control (MV- FMPC) algorithm to reduce torque ripple and current distortion in a finite-set model predictive current (FMPC) controlled permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive. It uses a hexagonal co-ordinate system to simplify the location and identification of the virtual vectors created after sub-dividing the control window into N sections, eliminating the need for complex look-up tables. By using deadbeat control approach, it ensures that the number of enumeration in the algorithm is always three thereby reducing the computational burden. The improvement of the proposed MVPC method over conventional FMPC is validated in simulations and in experiments on a dyno testbed.
Measurement of parental executive function in early childhood settings: Instrument reliability and validity in community‐led research projects

A growing number of early childhood (EC) parenting programs target adult executive function (EF) to build responsive parenting behaviors and to promote positive child development. Although measurement of EF is well understood in academic research, little work has examined EF measurement in community settings. The present study examined psychometric properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version among 203 parents whose children were enrolled in EC programs serving under-resourced communities. We calculated Cronbach's α and mean-item correlations to test internal consistency reliability. To test factor structure, we conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. Results suggest adequate internal consistency and that factor structures, beyond the original proposed, are appropriate for our community sample. Together, findings indicate that self-report measures of adult EF may perform differently for families experiencing adversity, raising questions about the acceptability of clinical EF tools in in underserved communities.
The Effect of Weather Variability on Child Marriage in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has one of the world's highest child marriage rates. It is also one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. This paper studies the effect of climate variability on child marriage using data from five waves of the Demographic and Health Surveys. I find that a higher number of dry months in a given year significantly increases the probability of early marriage. Importantly, precipitation fluctuations only affect rural but not urban populations, suggesting that the main channel through which climate affects early marriage is likely an income channel. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small subunits can determine enzyme kinetics of tobacco Rubisco expressed in Escherichia coli.

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyses the first step in carbon fixation and is a strategic target for improving photosynthetic efficiency. In plants, Rubisco is composed of eight large and eight small subunits, and its biogenesis requires multiple chaperones. Here, we optimized a system to produce tobacco Rubisco in Escherichia coli by coexpressing chaperones in autoinduction medium. We successfully assembled tobacco Rubisco in E. coli with each small subunit that is normally encoded by the nuclear genome. Even though each enzyme carries only a single type of small subunit in E. coli, the enzymes exhibit carboxylation kinetics that are very similar to the carboxylation kinetics of the native Rubisco. Tobacco Rubisco assembled with a recently discovered trichome small subunit has a higher catalytic rate and a lower CO2 affinity compared with Rubisco complexes that are assembled with other small subunits. Our E. coli expression system will enable the analysis of features of both subunits of Rubisco that affect its kinetic properties. In plants, Rubisco is composed of 16 subunits and requires multiple chaperones to assemble. Features of individual tobacco Rubisco subunits that affect kinetic properties are investigated by coexpression with chaperones in Escherichia coli.
Photoacoustic Imaging as a Tool for Assessing Hair Follicular Organization

Follicular unit extraction (FUE) and follicular unit transplantation (FUT) account for 99% of hair transplant procedures. In both cases, it is important for clinicians to characterize follicle density for treatment planning and evaluation. The existing gold-standard is photographic examination. However, this approach is insensitive to subdermal hair and cannot identify follicle orientation. Here, we introduce a fast and non-invasive imaging technique to measure follicle density and angles across regions of varying density. We first showed that hair is a significant source of photoacoustic signal. We then selected regions of low, medium, and high follicle density and showed that photoacoustic imaging can measure the density of follicles even when they are not visible by eye. We performed handheld imaging by sweeping the transducer across the imaging area to generate 3D images via maximum intensity projection. Background signal from the dermis was removed using a skin tracing method. Measurement of follicle density using photoacoustic imaging was highly correlated with photographic determination (R2 = 0.96). Finally, we measured subdermal follicular angles-a key parameter influencing transection rates in FUE.
Abstract 13503: Relative Efficacy of Alirocumab, Bempedoic Acid, Evolocumab, Ezetimibe and Inclisiran Added to Statins for Reduction of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol - A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Background: Many patients with hypercholesterolemia and/or cardiovascular disease are unable to achieve sufficient low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with statins alone (or are s...
Temperature and composition dependent screw dislocation mobility in austenitic stainless steels from large-scale molecular dynamics

Extensive molecular dynamics simulations are performed to determine screw dislocation mobility in austenitic Fe0.7NixCr0.3-x stainless steels as a function of temperature ranging from 100 to 1300 K, resolved shear stress from 30 to 140 MPa, and Ni composition from 0.0 to 30.0 at%. These mobility data are fitted to a linear mobility law with a nonzero stress offset, referred to as the threshold stress. We find that both the linear drag coefficient and the threshold stress increase with Ni composition. The drag coefficient increases with temperature, whereas the threshold stress decreases with temperature. Based on these calculations, we determine fitting functions for the linear solute drag coefficient as a function of temperature and composition. The mobility laws determined in this study may serve to inform dislocation dynamics simulations pertinent to dislocation network evolution at elevated temperatures for a wide composition range of austenitic stainless steels.
Taxpayer Owned Utilities: Restoring the Appropriate Balance Between Risk and Reward with Respect to Investor Owned Utility Companies

The concept of a public utility company is certainly nothing new. Because of the importance and unique costs associated with developing and maintaining a utility company, there have been several policy judgments made over time with respect to the regulation of the industry. One of the largest, most unique, benefits that utility companies enjoy is the ability to operate in a monopolistic form. Over time, it was realized that the economically advantageous features of a utility company made them great vehicles for investors seeking reliable, competitive dividends and modest growth targets. Now, utility company stocks trade on the major exchanges and, as with most publicly traded companies, are managed with an eye toward short term profits. These investor owned utility companies (“IOUs”) focus on paying higher dividends, maintaining their stock price, and attracting institutional money. One unfortunate side effect of these goals is that, governance decisions became riskier, leverage ratios grow, and otherwise free cash ends up being funneled to investors. The consequence for some of these IOUs is being forced to file for bankruptcy. The results of IOU bankruptcy proceedings have been mixed. Sometimes the reorganization process, rather than fixing the underlying problems, simply serves to shift the debt and liability incurred by the IOUs onto their local communities, rate payers, and taxpayers. Subsidization for unpaid liabilities for wildfire damage, emergency bond issuances, and government bailouts only addressed the short-term problem. More importantly, the protections of Chapter 11 were specifically intended to revive the companies that had played too fast and loose and in the case of IOUs, potentially set them up to do it again. Part I of this article provides some background information on investor owned utilities and concepts underlying the risks and rewards of stock ownership. Part II, discusses some of the issues arising in the world of investor owned utility bankruptcies, and seeks to understand some of their potential causes. Part III examines PG&E’s general governance prior to their most recent bankruptcy filing and draws parallels between the theoretical issues in Part II and the reality of PG&E’s current situation. Part IV proposes a solution, imposing a consequence for failing utility companies that would otherwise be bailed out. When an investor owned utility becomes insolvent, there should be a forced sale of the business to the sate so that it can resume operation as a “Taxpayer Owned Utility.”
Acute Toxicity Following Ipsilateral Head and Neck Radiation Therapy: Proton vs. Intensity-Modulated Photon Radiotherapy.

Purpose/Objective(s) Given its unique properties, proton beam radiation therapy has the ability to reduce dose to at-risk organs. Proton's Bragg peak gives sharp distal dose fall off, which results in little or no dose beyond this region. As such, ipsilateral head and neck radiation with protons can spare the contralateral side to a greater extent than photon-based radiation, potentially causing reduced acute toxicity. Materials/Methods Eighty-six patients (59 protons and 27 intensity modulated radiation therapy [IMRT]) who received primary or adjuvant ipsilateral head and neck radiation were retrospectively reviewed. Patients received radiation to one side and this must have included at least the parotid region in the treatment field. Primary disease site was major salivary gland in 40, cutaneous in 23, tonsil in 19 and other in 4 patients. Passive scatter proton therapy was delivered with 1-3 fields daily. Median dose delivered was 66 cobalt gray equivalent with protons and 60 gray with IMRT. Results No grade 4 or greater acute mucositis was present in either group. Median acute mucositis was grade 1 for protons and 2 for IMRT. Grade 0, 1, 2 or 3 acute mucositis toxicity was present in 28 (47%), 11 (19%), 17 (29%) and 3 patients (5%) respectively with proton treatment and present in 7 (26%), 3 (11%), 12 (44%) and 5 patients (19%) respectively with IMRT (P = 0.053). Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube was placed during radiation treatment for 1 patient (2%) with protons and 4 patients (15%) for IMRT (P = 0.032). Two patients in the proton group had a PEG tube placed prior to starting radiation and one patient in the IMRT group refused PEG tube placement despite treating physician recommendation. No grade 4 or greater acute radiation dermatitis was experienced by patients in either group. Median acute radiation dermatitis was grade 2 for protons and 2 for IMRT. Grade 0, 1, 2 or 3 toxicity was present in 0 (0%), 7 (12%), 47 (80%) and 4 patients (7%) respectively with proton treatment and present in 0 (0%), 5 (19%), 20 (74%) and 2 patients (7%) respectively with IMRT (P = 0.718). The majority of patients in both treatment groups completed treatment with ≤ 5 days of missed fractions (86.4% with protons, 85.1% with IMRT). Median number of missed treatment days was 2 in both groups. Conclusion Ipsilateral radiation therapy is well tolerated with IMRT and proton based radiation therapy. Fewer patients underwent PEG tube placement in the proton cohort, however these results should be further validated with prospective patient-toxicity centered studies.
Inflammation and Lung Cancer: The Role of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a type of cellular plasticity by which epithelial cells acquire the form and function of mesenchymal cells. Physiologic EMT is an essential part of normal embryonic development and an adult organism’s ability to overcome acute injury. However, chronic injury and inflammation can yield dysregulated or pathologic EMT that drives organ fibrosis and cancer development. In this chapter, we review seminal work and recent findings regarding the molecular, cellular, microenvironmental, and environmental factors that drive inflammation-induced EMT-dependent lung carcinogenesis. We also discuss potential approaches for treating or perhaps preventing lung cancer by targeting the inflammation-EMT-cancer axis.
MyLiteracies: Understanding the Net Generation through LiveJournals and Literacy Practices

It is nearly midnight, and "Darla" is just beginning her history paper that is due tomorrow afternoon when her cell phone vibrates nearly off the desk. Darla's laptop screen is alive with small square windows filled with lines of text, flashing one on top of the other. Music plays in the background, and her text for her course on American History Since 1865 lies open. Without thinking, Darla flips open the phone and rests the pink speaker against her ear as she types a response to her friend's instant message with one hand. Underneath the instant message screen is an open, empty document waiting for her to begin. It is going to be a long night, and "Tina," her best friend, is commiserating with her on the phone.
Tenoscopía como tratamiento quirúrgico en casos de tenosinovitis traumática en un caballo de silla francesa.

En junio del ano 2006 en el Centro Ecuestre la Maria, en el Municipio de Envigado (Antioquia) se presento un caso clinico de tenosinovitis traumatica de la vaina sinovial digital flexora en el miembro anterior derecho en un caballo de salto de 10 anos de edad. La sintomatologia clinica comenzo en junio del mismo ano donde se observo inicialmente distension de la vaina sinovial sin presencia de dolor. Dos meses despues se observo una claudicacion leve (1 de 5) de acuerdo a la clasificacion de la AAEP (8); en este estadio inicial se implemento un plan terapeutico basado en reposo por dos semanas, aplicacion de antinflamtorios de tipo esteroidal, acido hialuronico, y antibioticos de tipo profilactico a nivel intratecal. El caballo presento una mejoria notoria durante un tiempo aproximado de cuatro meses, sin embargo al final de este periodo se presento nuevamente distension de la vaina sinovial y claudicacion. Por esto se recomendo luego de realizar las ayudas diagnosticas pertinentes realizar la tecnica quirurgica denominada tenoscopia de la vaina sinovial para evaluar y asi formular un plan terapeutico. Luego de realizarse esta intervencion en la actualidad el caballo se encuentra en competencia y sano clinicamente. Abstract In June of 2006 at the Centro Ecuestre la Maria in Envigado (Antioquia) there was a clinical case of traumatic tenosinovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath in a then year stallion jumper horse. He started showed clinical signs in June of the same year with presence of synovial distention and lameness. Initially the patient was treated with corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, and prophylactic antibiotics, intratecally. There was a partial improvement during four months, at this time the horse became lame again. At this time tenoscopic evaluation of digital flexor tendon sheath. Which was performed successfully, at the present the horse is clinically sound and back in competence.
A model of a segmental oscillator in the leech heartbeat neuronal network

We modeled a segmental oscillator of the timing network that paces the heartbeat of the leech. This model represents a network of six heart interneurons that comprise the basic rhythm-generating network within a single ganglion. This model builds on a previous two cell model (Nadim et al., 1995) by incorporating modifications of intrinsic and synaptic currents based on the results of a realistic waveform voltage-clamp study (Olsen and Calabrese, 1996). Due to these modifications, the new model behaves more similarly to the biological system than the previous model. For example, the slow-wave oscillation of membrane potential that underlies bursting is similar in form and amplitude to that of the biological system. Furthermore, the new model with its expanded architecture demonstrates how coordinating interneurons contribute to the oscillations within a single ganglion, in addition to their role of intersegmental coordination.