cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A finite element analysis of elasto-plastic contact problems in metal forming

Abstract A contact finite element has been developed to solve elasto-plastic contact problems frequently encountered in metal forming processes. The element developed is based on the methodology originally used for solving elastic contact problems. It employs an interface spring algorithm that yields a symmetric type of elemental stiffness matrix and that can be conveniently handled by most exiting finite element solvers. To verify its capability and reliability, the element developed is used to solve two typical metal indentation problems. It has been shown that the present results agree very well with previously published data obtained using a different approach.
Application of a modified regularization procedure for estimating oxygen tension in large retinal blood vessels

Phosphorescence lifetime measurement based on a frequency domain approach is used to estimate oxygen tension in large retinal blood vessels. The classical least squares (LS) estimation was initially used to determine oxygen tension indirectly from intermediate variables. A spatial regularized least squares (RLS) method was later proposed to reduce the high variance of oxygen tension estimated by LS method. In this paper, we provide a solution using a modified RLS (MRLS) approach that utilizes prior knowledge about retinal vessels oxygenation based on expected oxygen tension values in retinal arteries and veins. The performance of MRLS method was evaluated in simulated and experimental data by determining the bias, variance, and mean absolute error (MAE) of oxygen tension measurements and comparing these parameters with those derived with the use of LS and RLS methods.
Influence of diethylstilbestrol on body water space in ruminants.

SummaryFour wether lambs were used to determine body water space following DES implantation. Tritium-labeled water was used as the tracer. Body water space was 60.3 and 59.8% of the body weight for the control and DES-implanted lambs, respectively. It is concluded that body water space is not changed 12 days after DES implantation in lambs; therefore, this does not explain the decrease in PUN observed following DES administration in ruminants.Assistance rendered by W. Reichert, G. Poe, and O. Lewis is gratefully acknowledged.
Stability analysis of wave‐crab gaits of a quadruped

Crab walking is as important as forward walking as applied to walking machine control. Crab walking is especially important to a quadruped since a quadruped has a similar leg geometric layout in both longitudinal and lateral directions. In the studies of forward walking gaits, the wave gait was found to be the optimally stable. In this article, the wave gait is applied to the crab walking of a quadruped and it is modified into four types of wave-crab gaits according to the range of crab angle. The stability formulae of these wave-crab gaits are then derived analytically based on the following three stability measurements: stability margin (Sm), body-longitudinal (or lateral) stability margin (Sbl or Sbt) and crab longitudinal stability margin (Scl). Sm is the true stability index under quasi-static walking condition. However, the equations are more complicated. Sbl (or Sbt) is simpler and can be used as a good approximation of Sm. Scl was commonly adopted as the stability index in the previous gait studies. Nevertheless, Scl is found to be misleading for a large portion of crab angle range. The analytical results derived in this paper are useful to the geometric design and to the real-time control of a quadruped.
Families' Perceptions of Early Intervention Services for Children With Hearing Loss

A national survey was distributed to families of preschool-age children who are deaf or hard of hearing in order to investigate parent's perceptions of family involvement in early intervention prog...
Genotype and Environment Effects on the Popping Characteristics of Grain Sorghum

Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is one of several caryopses that can be popped, but there is little information on the relative popping capacity of different sorghum varieties. The objectives of this study were to assess the variation among sorghum genotypes for popping and to determine the relative effects of genotype and environment on those traits. Eight grain sorghum entries differing in seed color, size, and test weight were evaluated for popping efficiency and expansion ratio. Differences existed among genotypes for both popping efficiency and expansion ratio. Three genotypes were grown in four locations across Texas, and analysis of grain samples from each location revealed that both genotype and environment influenced popping characteristics but the genotype effect was substantially larger than the environment effect. A genotype x environment interaction was also detected, but it did not affect the relative ranking of the best and worst varieties. Compared to popcorn, R11404 had similar ...
Retinoic acid receptor beta and colon cancer.

Commentary to:Methylation and Regulation of Expression of Different Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta Isoforms in Human Colon CancerEmile M. Youssef, Marcos R.H. Estecio and Jean-Pierre J. Issa
Physical and psychological dating violence in young men and women in Chile: results from a 2005 survey of university students

Numerous studies have documented high levels of intimate partner violence in Chile. Yet to date, research and prevention/ response programs have focused almost exclusively on cohabiting and married couples. This study presents a comparative analysis of dating violence prevalence in a sample of male and female college students in Chile and describes the contexts in which such violence takes place. On the basis of a survey of students enrolled in general education courses at a large, public university in Santiago during the Winter 2005 term (n = 484 women, 466 men), we find a high prevalence of physical and psychological dating violence, with patterns resembling those documented for other countries. We also find a high prevalence of having witnessed inter-parental violence during childhood. Our results present a compelling case for not continuing to neglect dating violence in Chile and other Latin-American countries; further research in this area and the development and evaluation of prevention programs for...
Buttock claudication from isolated bilateral internal iliac arterial stenosis

An unusual case is reported of severe buttock claudication in a woman with normal ankle systolic pressures after exercise, for which the cause was eventually found to be isolated bilateral hypogastric arterial stenosis. Although a normal ankle pressure response to exercise usually rules out vascular obstruction in patients with symptoms suggestive of intermittent claudication, the diagnosis of isolated hypogastric arterial disease should be entertained when a neurogenic or orthopedic explanation can be excluded.
Factors which influence light microscopic visualization of biological material in sections prepared for electron microscopy.

SUMMARY Epoxy-embedded biological material, sectioned for conventional or high-voltage electron microscopy, can be visualized within the section with good contrast and detail by phase-contrast or dark-field light microscopy. The (phase) contrast of such material is not substantially influenced by the type of embedding resin or section support substrate. It is, however, influenced by the type of fixation, by heavy metal (uranyl and lead) staining and by the section thickness. After screening ultrathin and semithin sections for content with the light microscope, one need stain and examine only those grids containing sections of interest. This approach eliminates the need to screen sections with the electron microscope and, in some cases, the need to stain non-useful sections. This time-saving procedure is particularly useful for studies requiring ultrastructural examination of a selected area or structure which is large enough to be visualized with the light microscope but which comprises only a small volume of the embedded material.
Captured Commitments: An Analytic Narrative of Transitions with Transitional Justice

How can outgoing autocrats enforce promises of amnesty once they have left power? Why would incoming opposition parties honor their prior promises of amnesty once they have assumed power and face no independent mechanisms of enforcement? In 1989 autocrats in a number of communist countries offered their respective oppositions free elections in exchange for promises of amnesty. The communists' decision appears irrational given the lack of institutions to enforce these promises of amnesty. What is further puzzling is that the former opposition parties that won elections in many countries actually refrained from implementing transitional justice measures. Their decision to honor their prior agreements to grant amnesty seems as irrational as the autocrats' decisions to place themselves at the mercy of their opponents. Using an analytic narrative approach, the author explains this paradox by modeling pacted transitions not as simple commitment problems but as games of incomplete information where the uninformed party has "skeletons in its closet"—that is, embarrassing information that provides insurance against the commitments being broken. The author identifies the conditions under which autocrats step down even though they can be punished with transitional justice and illustrates the results with case studies from Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary.
OP14.06: Late‐onset preeclampsia cannot be identified with either an anti‐angiogenic profile in maternal plasma or uterine artery Doppler velocimetry

the subsequent development of abnormal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry (UTDV) in the second trimester (2T). Study design: This study is based on a cohort study design to examine the predictive value of PlGF, sEng and sVEGFR-1 plasma concentrations in the identification of patients destined to develop PE. Only patients that had samples obtained between 8–13 weeks and subsequently had UTDV between 20–25 weeks were included (n = 1,316). Results: 1) Women destined to have abnormal UTDV in the 2T had a lower median 1T plasma PlGF concentration than those with normal UTDV; 2) 1T plasma PlGF concentration of < 26.8 pg/ml (derived by ROC analysis) was associated with abnormalities in UTDV in the 2T (odd ratio 3.2; 95% CI 1.8–5.5) after adjusting for confounders; and 3). Women with abnormal UTDV, with and without subsequent PE, had a lower median 1T plasma PLGF concentration than those with normal UTDV and no PE. Conclusion: A low 1T plasma PlGF concentration is associated with increased impedance to flow in the uterine circulation in the 2T, regardless of whether or not the patient developed PE. These findings suggest that PlGF plays an important role in early placentation.
Color-Discrimination Performance of Pigeons: Effects of Reward

Performance of two pigeons given tasks in discriminating colors was examined on trials before and after they had occasionally received rewards for pecking when exposed to light of specific wavelengths. After a reward, the probability that the birds would respond to light svtimuli that were never rewarded was higher than before the reward was given, but paradoxically the birds showed no general decline in their ability to differentiate between stimuli at wavelengths 1 millimicron apart.
Possibility of observing self-interstitials in Cu and Al by neutron scattering

The librational modes of the $〈100〉$-split interstitial in fcc metals can undergo resonant hybridization with the phonons of the perfect crystal. As in the analogous case of KCl: C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, this hybridization leads to effects which can be observed by inelastic neutron scattering at concentrations orders of magnitude smaller than those required for the observation of effects introduced by simple substitutional impurities.
Effect of male accessory gland extracts on female oviposition and sexual receptivity of the Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae).

ABSTRACT Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) male accessory glands do not appear to possess a sex peptide, a factor that induces oviposition or inhibits mating receptivity. Injection of accessory gland extracts from laboratory-colony males into virgin females stimulated daily deposition of only 4 eggs per female, comparable to injections of whole reproductive tract extract (5 eggs per female) and negative controls (4 to 5 eggs per female). Mated females laid significantly more (10 eggs per female per d). Studies of wild-caught males and females yielded the same information: injection of an accessory gland/testes extract or saline both elicited 8 eggs per female per d whereas normally mated females laid 16 eggs per female per d. Female receptivity to mating following injection of accessory gland or whole reproductive tract extracts was comparable to the negative control group, in which 67% to 83% of treated females remated and 63% to 89% of control females remated. In contrast, only 43% of once-mated (positive cont...
Electrocorticography in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe seizures. II. Quantification of epileptiform discharges following successive stages of resective surgery

Abstract We quantified retrospectively the interictal epileptiform discharges (EDs) detected visually in the electrocorticograms (ECoGs) of 42 patients undergoing successive stages of anterior temporal lobectomy for medically intractable temporal lobe seizures (TLS). Following first resection sparing the hippocampus (H) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), EDs were recorded on both structures in all patients and by far exceeded in amount those on residual lateral infratemporal and lateral temporal cortices. Frequently, EDs occurred apparently simultaneously but with opposite polarities in the H and the PHG, but more complex relationships were also evident in most individuals. These features likely reflected abnormal post-synaptic activity generated at different locations and cortical depths within the H, PHG, or both. Quantification of epileptiform activity and the effects of selective anterior hippocampectomy or parahippocampectomy suggested that both the H and PHG had remarkable epileptogenic potential. Levels of epileptiform activity were not significantly different in the H and PHG and in the H of subjects with and without H sclerosis. After final resection, including the amygdaloid nucleus (AN), anterior H and PHG, interictal EDs were present, although markedly diminished, in 35 patients. Postresection foci were significantly less numerous and extensive, and attained smaller maximal voltages, than did foci before and after first resection.
The effects of altering vertical dimension onthe masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint

abstract Increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion by surgical repositioning of the maxillary or mandibular segments or by prosthetic approaches such as interocclusal appliances can affect specific components of the jaw closing muscles and the temporomandibular joint. It has been assumed that the relapse observed after orthognathic surgery is due to an increased active and passive vertical force that is generated by the muscle and the connective tissue respectively. This review identifies multiple potential sources including the innate characteristics of the muscle fibers, muscle spindle activation, the architecture of the jaw closing muscles and biomechanical changes that can contribute to the increase in vertical force after lengthening the jaw closing muscles or increasing mandibular height. It is concluded that future advancement into the interactions between the hard and soft tissue will depend on a more complete understanding of the jaw muscle anatomy and function at the molecular, architectural and biomechanical levels.
A competitive model of the Japanese firm

Abstract In this article a quantitative model is used to explain the way in which firms gain competitive advantage internationally, particularly with respect to Japanese firms and the semiconductor industry. The proposed model helps explain competitiveness in general and the competitiveness of the Japanese firm in particular. The model includes the elements of cost of capital, productivity, wage rates, average cost, and cumulative output. The essential result is that the change in average cost depends upon the difference between the rate of growth of wages, and the logarithmic slope of the learning curve multiplied by the growth in accumulated output.
Adult height in boys and girls with untreated short stature and constitutional delay of growth and puberty: accuracy of five different methods of height prediction

To determine how accurately several methods of height prediction estimate adult height, we compared height predictions calculated by the Bayley-Pinneau, Roche-Wainer-Thissen (RWT), target height, and Tanner-Whitehouse Mark I (TW-MI), and Mark II (TW-MII) methods with final adult height in 37 boys and 32 giris with short stature and constitutional delay of growth and puberty. They were first seen at a chronologic age (mean ±SD) of 14.80±1.70 years (boys) and 12.87±2.56 years (giris). Adult height at 23.14±1.95 years and 21.05±2.02 years was 170.4±5.4 cm (boys) and 157.8±4.2 cm (girls), respectively, and thus within the lower range of normal. Height predictions were calculated for the total group and for patients with parents of normal (group 1) as well as short stature (group 2). For boys, the RWT method gave very accurate results, underestimating adult height by −0.6 cm for the total group. The prediction errors for the other methods were −7.3 cm (TW-MI), −4.2 cm (TW-MII), and +3.1 cm (Bayley-Pinneau method) or +1.7 cm (target height). For giris, no method was superior in estimating adult height. The mean prediction error was −0.8 cm, −2.1 cm, and −1.8 cm with the Bayley-Pinneau, TW-MI, and TW-MII methods, respectively. In contrast, adult height was overpredicted by +2.3 cm and +1.2 cm with the RWT and target height methods. We conclude that patients with short stature and constitutional delay of growth and puberty reach an adult height in the lower range of normal. Height prediction methods differ with respect to their accuracy and their tendency to overestimate or underestimate adult height.
Recommendations for taxonomic submissions to Hydrobiologia

Morphological taxonomy is a critical component of all aspects of aquatic biology. Hydrobiologia receives many manuscripts that focus on descriptions of new species of aquatic organisms. We offer suggestions for how these papers can better conform to the stated aims and scope of Hydrobiologia, which read, in part: ‘Hydrobiologia publishes original articles of interest to a broad and international audience. Purely descriptive work will be considered if it is firmly embedded in a larger biological framework’. In our opinion, taxonomic studies that classify new species are more likely to meet these aims if they state the species concept being used, and include additional experimental, analytical or conceptual analyses. For example, we recommend that studies that use morphological taxonomy also include independent tests of species boundaries, such as multivariate analyses, molecular genetic analyses, and/or tests of reproductive isolation. Given the constraints under which many taxonomists operate, collaboration might be the most effective strategy for achieving these goals.
Fathers' absence and moral development of male delinquents.

To investigate the relationship between their fathers' absence and moral development, 40 urban adolescent males adjudicated as delinquents were randomly selected from a Juvenile Court population. 20 of them came from families in which fathers were absent and 20 lived with fathers present. Both groups were administered Form B of Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview. Statistical comparisons of the mean moral maturity scores suggested that male delinquents whose fathers were present attained higher moral maturity scores than those whose fathers were absent.
Whole body MRI and fluorescent microscopy for detection of stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and DiI following intramuscular and systemic delivery

Methods to monitor transplanted stem cells in vivo are of great importance for potential therapeutic applications. Of particular interest are methods allowing noninvasive detection of stem cells throughout the body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a tool that would allow detection of cells in nearly any tissue in the body and is already commonly used in the clinic. MRI tracking of stem cells is therefore feasible and likely to be easily adapted to patients receiving donor cells. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are good candidates for stem cell therapy, given the naturally regenerative nature of skeletal muscle, which repairs damage by employing endogenous stem cells from the muscle interstitium to regenerate muscle fibers throughout adulthood. We describe methods for labeling stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) to enhance MRI contrast, injecting them locally into skeletal and cardiac muscle, or systemically in mouse models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and tracking them in muscle tissue of live mice following injection. We focus on the use of whole body MRI to detect stem cells, as this is necessary for conditions such as muscular dystrophy, in which affected tissues are present throughout the body and systemic delivery of stem cells may be necessary. Emphasis is placed on the development of an MRI coil that is field of view (FOV) adjustable and can be used for both whole body imaging to determine stem cell localization as well as subsequent focusing on smaller, local regions where stem cells are present to obtain high-resolution images. We discuss the coil design and its significance for stem cell tracking. We also describe methods for labeling stem cells with a fluorescent dye and for tracking them in postmortem tissue specimens with fluorescent microscopy to correlate, compare, and contrast with results of whole body MRI in preclinical studies.
Cylindrically periodic dielectric waveguide at submillimeter waves

In this work we studied the properties of cylindrically periodic dielectric waveguide by calculating the leaky wave poles of the pertinent spectral Green's function. The mode distribution can then be obtained by applying the theory of residues. The results are validated with simulations in HFSS.
A dual-port SRAM compiler for 0.8- mu m 100 K BiCMOS gate arrays

A 6-ns dual-port BiCMOS SRAM compiler has been designed for a 0.8- mu m 100K sea-of-gates array. A novel merged bipolar/CMOS memory bit architecture incorporating local interconnect utilizes all base cell transistor sites. Through the use of local interconnect in the memory bit cell, high memory density is achieved. Increased speed is obtained by using bipolar transistors in the memory bit cell, address decoders, and word line drivers. Compiler software can generate RAM instances up to 2K words and 8K total bits. >
Simulation-Based Approach for Evaluating On-Chip Interconnect Architectures

On-chip interconnect (OCI) plays a prime role in the entire system-on-chip performance, energy consumption, and area requirements. OCI has become a successful research field given the dramatic increase in the number of processors and other functional units (IPs) that need to be integrated on a single chip. Current systems-on-chip (SoCs) use bus- based systems which become a bottleneck because of scalability, energy efficiency and frequency limitations. New sophisticated interconnects were recently proposed as a re search direction in SoC design, including distinct topologies and specific routing and switching techniques. This paper analyzes and compares five common NoC configurations, 2D mesh, ring, spidergon, fat-tree(FT) and butterfly fat-tree (BFT). These configurations are simulated for different traffic scenarios that imitate certain application domains, and comparison results for different performance metrics are presented.
On Characterizing Performance of the Cell Broadband Engine Element Interconnect Bus

With the rise of multicore computing, the design of on-chip networks (or networks on chip) has become an increasingly important component of computer architecture. The cell broadband engine's element interconnect bus (EIB), with its four data rings and shared command bus for end-to-end control, supports twelve nodes - more than most mainstream on-chip networks, which makes it an interesting case study. As a first step toward understanding the design and performance of on-chip networks implemented within the context of a commercial multicore chip, this paper analytically evaluates the EIB network using conventional latency and throughput characterization methods as well as using a recently proposed 5-tuple latency characterization model for on-chip networks. These are used to identify the end-to-end control component of the EIB (i.e., the shared command bus) as being the main bottleneck to achieving minimal, single-cycle latency and maximal 307.2 GB/sec raw effective bandwidth provided natively by the EIB. This can be exacerbated by poorly designed cell software, which can have significant impact on the utilization of the EIB. The main findings from this study are that the end-to-end control of the EIB influenced by software running on the cell has inherent scaling problems and serves as the main limiter to overall network performance. Thus, end-to-end effects must not be overlooked when designing efficient networks on chip
Cellular Determinants of Sensitivity and Resistance to DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitors

(1994). Cellular Determinants of Sensitivity and Resistance to DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitors. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 530-542.
Does self-efficacy influence the application of evidence-based practice: A survey and structural equation model

Background: Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is complex and consequently, even within organizations that have made efforts to promote EBP use, EBP is often underutilized by individual clinicians. Purpose: The aim of our study was to better understand the relationship between self-efficacy and EBP implementation in clinical environments that have undergone efforts to increase EBP utilization. We suggest that EBP is a set of behaviors that result from individuals acquiring, applying, and sharing new knowledge with others in the organization. We hypothesize, based upon a social cognitive theoretical approach, that these behaviors are influenced by clinician perception of self-efficacy. Methods: We analyzed data provided by a 2011 survey of clinicians working within a national sample of hospitals that were actively participating in the Clinical Practice Model Resource Center (CPMRC), a collaborative consortium of health care organizations working to guide the implementation of EBP into the work worlds of clinicians. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between the acquisition, application, and sharing of evidence, and self-efficacy. Results: Self-efficacy increased the acquisition of evidence and application of evidence. Self-efficacy did not exert a significant influence on sharing evidence. Acquisition of evidence increased both application of evidence and sharing of evidence. Application of evidence then increased sharing of evidence among sampled clinicians. Conclusions: Efforts to promote self-efficacy in clinicians are powerful in that they directly promote the acquisition and application of evidence, and indirectly encourage communication between clinicians in an effort to justify and reinforce new knowledge. Efforts to boost self-efficacy would benefit from a focus on helping clinicians become more comfortable with actions related to acquiring evidence and generating new knowledge.
Single Site Left Ventricular Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization

Chronic, dilated heart failure is often accompanied by delayed ventricular electrical activation manifested as prolonged QRS duration, most commonly in the form of left bundle branch block (LBBB). Exploration of the link between the sequence of cardiac electrical activation and mechanical function is one of the most exciting contemporary areas of research in heart failure, but recognition of the importance of normal ventricular activation patterns for optimal myocardial mechanical performance dates back 75 years. Wiggers1 observed that asynchronous delayed activation of the ventricular musculature induced by electrical stimulation had adverse hemodynamic consequences in mammals, and he proposed that the more muscle activated before excitation of the Purkinje system, the greater the asynchrony and the weaker the resulting contraction. Forty years later, Schlant2 concluded that asynchronous ventricular activation imposed by LBBB was hemodynamically disadvantageous and coined the term “idioventricular kick” to describe the benefit imparted by coordinated activation. Subsequent studies demonstrated that when one segment of the ventricle, such as the septum, contracts earlier than another segment, such as the lateral wall, the second segment stretches, absorbing some of the initial force, and then begins its late contraction, stretching the first segment.3,4 The resulting contraction is mechanically inefficient, with diminished ejection at an increased metabolic cost. Reductions of myocardial blood flow and wall thickness occur in the region of early activation, a remodeling effect that could theoretically contribute to progression of heart failure.5,6 See p 1741 In 1984, de Teresa et al7 demonstrated that changing the sequence of ventricular activation by pacing could improve cardiac function. Pacing from epicardial leads placed on the right atrium and lateral left ventricular (LV) free wall in patients with LBBB after aortic valve replacement, they noted that left ventricular ejection …
A novel VHDL-based computer architecture design methodology

There is a need for a design methodology that allows the representation and simulation of a design at various levels of abstraction and interpretation. The single path design methodology presented is a possible solution to this problem. The basic concept of the methodology is the use of one simulation language, the VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL, Version 1076) for all phases of design. The VHDL framework allows for iterative stepwise refinement of a model. A performance (uninterpreted) model can be refined to a register transfer level (RTL) description without changing modeling environments or completely rewriting the models. As an example, the performance-modeling phase of the single path design methodology is applied to the WM machine, a superscalar computer architecture. >
A Quasi-Paranoid Feature of Students' Extreme Attitudes against Colonialism.

Three alternative explanations concerning an apparent paranoid quality of extreme political attitudes were tested: (1) Such attitudes reflect exceptional, if embarrassing, perceptiveness by their proponents; (2) such attitudes reflect a cognitive style similar to that of paranoids without any attendant defensiveness, and (3) such attitudes represent paranoid defensiveness. Results on a selected total sample of 96 “left,” “middle” and “right” college students supported only hypothesis (3) and, furthermore, suggested that paranoid-like functioning was most prevalent in those on the extreme “left.” Paranoid defensiveness was indicated through an interaction with manipulated suspicion-arousal during assessment.
RAMANUJAN'S CUBIC CONTINUED FRACTION AND AN ANALOG OF HIS "MOST BEAUTIFUL IDENTITY"

In this paper, we prove an analog of Ramanujan's "Most Beautiful Identity". This analog is closely related to Ramanujan's beautiful results involving the cubic continued fraction.
An electronic system for air traffic control information

A digital information processing system has been built for handling and storing flight plans and weather information. Messages are received and sent out by the system automatically over standard teletype lines. Requests for stored information and directions to change it are also transmitted by teletype. This system is capable of being connected in common with other similar systems by a teletype network with automatic switching facilities. It was designed to form part of the common system for air traffic control. Received messages are randomly filed in a magnetic drum store and subsequently found by means of their contents. The system has a complete logical plan which is designed to give a specific result for each possible action and to cause any questionable or obviously erroneous received messages to be printed out for supervisory review.
Hydrodynamic Forces in Dissecting Aneurysms In-Vitro Studies in a Tygon Model and in Dog Aortas

It has been argued that pulse wave characteristics are important factors in extension and rupture of acute dissecting aneurysms. To test this, a standard model of an aorta was constructed, consisting of an outer layer of Tygon tubing and an inner layer of rubber cement. An "intimal tear" was produced and the "aorta" was subjected to nonpulsatile and pulsatile flow with increasing increments of pressure. With nonpulsatile flow alone (97 experiments) no dissection occurred at pressures up to 400 mm Hg. Pulsatile flow produced rapid and usually complete dissection with a maximum systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. The extent of dissection per pulse was related to dp/dtmax in the fluid. No dissection occurred until a critical value of dp/dtmax (790 mm Hg/sec) was reached. Dog aortas were then used in place of the Tygon tube "aorta" with similar results; i.e., dissection did not occur with nonpulsatile flow, but did occur with pulsatile flow (3800 mm Hg/sec). The dissecting dog aorta ruptured to the outside or reentered the vessel lumen. It was concluded that pulse wave characteristics, particularly dp/dtmax, are important in the propagation of dissection.
Studies on lysosomal enzymes in normal and failing rabbit hearts.

Abstract A study of lysosomal enzyme activities (acid ribonuclease, acid deoxyribonuclease, and acid phosphatase) in the rabbit heart was performed comparing control animals with animals in experimentally induced heart failure. Increases in these enzyme activities were found in the total homogenate of the failing hearts, but the changes were small relative to alterations which have been reported under other pathologic conditions. There was no change in the distribution of acid phosphatase activity between the particle-bound and soluble fractions suggesting an absence of any gross reduction in the stability of the lysosomes. It seems unlikely that these relatively minor changes in activity of lysosomes could be involved causally in the functional alterations characteristic of the failing myocardium.
TEST OF THE LINEAR-NO THRESHOLD THEORY: RATIONALE FOR PROCEDURES

A tightly reasoned justification is presented for the procedures used in our test of the linear-no threshold theory of radiation carcinogenesis by comparing lung cancer rates with average radon exposure in U.S. counties. A key point is its dependence on ecological variables rather than on characteristics of individuals and the principal problems involve treatment of potential confounding factors (CF). The method of stratification is introduced and shown to be preferable to multiple regression for evaluating effects of confounding. Utilizing numerous available CF reduces the problem of representing a complex confounding relationship by the average value of a single CF. The requirements on a CF for affecting the results are quantified in terms of its correlations with lung cancer rates and radon levels and it is shown that the existence of an unknown confounder satisfying these requirements is highly implausible. Effects of combinations of confounding factors are treated and shown not to be important. The problem of confounding factors on the level of individuals is resolved. Consideration of plausibility of correlations is used in several applications, including treatments of uncertainty in smoking prevalence, within county differences in radon exposure between smokers and non-smokers, variations in intensity of smoking, differences between measured radon levels and actual exposures, etc. Examples are presented for all applications. The differences between our study and case-control studies, and the advantages of each for testing the linear-no threshold theory, are discussed.
Imagining, Recognizing and Discriminating: Reconsidering the Ability Hypothesis

According to the Ability Hypothesis, knowing what it is like to have experience E is just having the ability to imagine or recognize or remember having experience E. I examine various versions of the Ability Hypothesis and point out that they all face serious objections. Then I propose a new version that is not vulnerable to these objections: knowing what it is like to experience E is having the ability to discriminate imagining or having experience E from imagining or having any other experience. I argue that if we replace the ability to imagine or recognize with the ability to discriminate, the Ability Hypothesis can be salvaged.
A Dual-Wavelength Radar Hail Detector

Abstract It is proposed that the range derivative of the logarithm of the ratio of average echo powers from two (S- and X-band) synchronized and slaved radars would yield a highly reliable indication of the boundaries of hail shafts. In the presence of rain alone, and ignoring fluctuations, this derivative would always be positive and proportional to the incremental difference in attenuation at the smaller wavelength. In general, the derivative has the same sign as the hail concentration gradient and attains negative values on the far side of a hail shaft. Without hail, signal fluctuations are the only possible source of negative derivatives, and so of false alarms. Thus, a small negative threshold level would avoid the identification of the effect of signal fluctuations at the far side of a hail shaft; similarly a large positive threshold would avoid identifying regions of intense rain as the near side of a hail shaft. This approach is capable of detecting smaller concentrations of hail with greater conf...
Preoperative Autologous Blood Donation

Interest in blood conservation interventions has been stimulated by recent emphasis on issues of blood safety, blood inventory, and alternatives to allogeneic (from an anonymous, volunteer donor) blood transfusion.1 One of these alternatives is “no transfusion: a lowering of the transfusion-trigger”, that hematocrit (Hct) level at which physicians empirically decide to transfuse.2 Recent studies have suggested that the transfusion-trigger hematocrit has been lowered by increasingly conservative transfusion practice for patients undergoing elective blood transfusion in settings such as elective surgery.3–5
Clarifying the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms following orthopaedic trauma.

To The Editor: Posttraumatic stress disorder is a serious psychological condition that has received increasing attention over the past decade. Starr et al. should be commended for their attempt, in their article “Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Orthopaedic Trauma” (2004;86:1115-21), to alert orthopaedic surgeons to the fact that psychological consequences of a severe orthopaedic injury are possible and important. Nonetheless, the percentage of respondents who “met the criteria” for posttraumatic stress disorder (as measured with the Revised Civilian Mississippi Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) was startlingly high. Because the presence of a serious psychiatric disorder in more than one-half of a traumatized sample is exceedingly rare, it led me to examine the methods and analytic strategy used in this report. There are a number of issues that deserve mention. 1. Posttraumatic stress disorder cannot be diagnosed until at least one month after the traumatic episode. The authors noted that some respondents had been injured as few as two days prior to assessment. Individuals seen less than four weeks after the trauma should have been excluded from the sample. 2. For a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder to be made, the person's response to the event must involve intense fear, helplessness, or horror (Criterion A2 of the DSM [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]-IV). These responses do not appear to have been assessed. 3. According to the DSM-IV, symptoms must be present for one month (Criterion E). The duration of symptoms does not appear to have been measured in the present investigation. 4. Criterion F—that the disturbance must cause clinically important distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning—is considered by many to be the hallmark of the disorder. Again, it does not appear to have been assessed. Thus, it is clear that, while the investigators measured symptoms that … Corresponding author: Adam J. Starr, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, TX 75390-8883 adam.starr{at}utsouthwestern.edu
Combined effects of x-irradiation and testosterone propionate on accessory sex organs.

SummaryX-irradiation of the accessory sex organs of the castrate male rat and immediate subsequent treatment with testosterone propionate results in cellular hypertrophy with delayed onset of mitosis under the conditions of the experiment outlined above. If an interval of 5 days is allowed between irradiation and administration of testosterone propionate this delaying effect is lost.
Postnatal development of bone mineral status during infancy.

Objective: To determine postnatal development in bone mineral status and its relationship to anthropometric measurements and other physiologic variables during the first year.Methods: Cross-section observational study of total body bone mineral content (TB BMC) and density (TB BMD) of 130 healthy infants (71 male and 59 female with 63 white and 67 African American) between 1 and 391 days. Whole body dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed on unsedated infants using a bone densitometer with pediatric platform. Scan analyses were performed with software version V5.64P. The ability of study independent variables to explain variance in bone mineral status was determined by multiple linear regression analysis.Results: During infancy, average TB BMC increased by 389% and TB BMD increased by 157%. The best determinant of bone mineral status is body weight which accounted for 97% of TB BMC, 98% of TB area and 86% of TB BMD variation. Postnatal age and body length jointly added only 1%, <1% and...
Three hybrid zones between Hermit and Townsend's Warblers in Washington and Oregon

We describe two hybrid zones between Hermit Warblers (Dendroica occiden- talis) and Townsend's Warblers (D. townsendi) in Washington, and introduce a third zone in Oregon. To quantify phenotypes, we scored eight standardized characters in each age class and summed them to form a hybrid index score. Because no linear geographic feature de- limits the hybrid zones between these warblers, we sampled the forests of Washington in a grid-like fashion to define the shape of the zones. For both Washington zones, the shape of the character-transition curves for the hybrid index suggests asymmetries in gene flow, with Townsend's-like phenotypes penetrating farther into the Hermit side of the zone than vice versa. Covariances between character states are high at the phenotypic center of the zone. Following Barton and Gale (1993), we use these covariances and the width of the zone to estimate cr, the root mean square dispersal distance. Both Washington zones are narrow rel- ative to cr, indicating that selection is preventing these zones from increasing in width. Hy- brid superiority within an ecotone, recency of contact, and habitat modification seem insuf- ficient as explanations for the abrupt transition that takes place in these zones. Asymmetries in the character-transition curves suggest that the zones are moving. We find no evidence that this inferred movement can be attributed to habitat changes or to differences in dispersal between the parental species. Other studies suggest that the primary cause of this inferred movement is behavioral dominance of Townsend's males over Hermit males. The shape of the zone in the Washington Cascades also suggests that Townsend's on the east side of the Cascade Mountains are better adapted to dry forests, possibly due to gene flow from pop- ulations derived from the Rocky Mountains. The third, isolated zone in the Cascade Moun- tains of Oregon offers unique opportunities to test this hypothesis. Received 25 June 1997,
Terrace’s “Fading-in” of CS- in differential eyelid conditioning

Differential eyelid conditioning experiments were run to determine whether the use of “fading-in” and “shaping” procedures would result in the suppression of responses to CS-similar to that demonstrated by Terrace in the pigeon operant situation. Suppression of CR- and CR+ resulted when CS-was slowly “faded in” from the background; however, no decrement or enhancement of differentiation was observed. These results were interpreted in terms of generalization of inhibition from the background stimuli.
Structural Characterization of Aluminum (Oxy)hydroxide Films at the Muscovite (001)-Water Interface.

The formation of Al (oxy)hydroxide on the basal surface of muscovite mica was investigated to understand how the structure of the substrate controls the nucleation and growth of secondary phases. Atomic force microscopy images showed that solid phases nucleated on the surface initially as two-dimensional islands that were ≤10 A in height and ≤200 A in diameter after 16-50 h of reaction in a 100 μM AlCl3 solution at pH 4.2 at room temperature. High-resolution X-ray reflectivity data indicated that these islands were gibbsite layers whose basic unit is composed of a plane of Al ions octahedrally coordinated to oxygen or hydroxyl groups. The formation of gibbsite layers is likely favored because of the structural similarity between its basal plane and the underlying mica surface. After 700-2000 h of reaction, a thicker and continuous film had formed on top of the initial gibbsite layers. X-ray diffraction data showed that this film was composed of diaspore that grew predominantly with its [040] and [140] crystallographic directions oriented along the muscovite [001] direction. These results show the structural characteristics of the muscovite (001) and Al (oxy)hydroxide film interface where presumed epitaxy had facilitated nucleation of metastable gibbsite layers which acted as a structural anchor for the subsequent growth of thermodynamically stable diaspore grown from a mildly acidic and Al-rich solution.
APPLICATION OF THE FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE TO THE RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF SPOROTRICHOSIS.

Abstract Smears of lesion exudates from 34 patients suspected of having sporotrichosis were examined by the direct fluorescent antibody (FA) technique and the results compared with those obtained by culture. Sporotrichum schenckii cells were found by the fluorescent antibody technique in smears from 24, or 89 per cent, of 27 culturally positive individuals. One of 7 culturally negative individuals was also found to be positive by the fluorescent antibody procedure. This one individual responded to potassium iodide therapy. These results indicate that the direct FA technique can be employed as a rapid screening procedure for sporotrichosis.
Research for Electronic Instrument Transforms Error Calibration Device

The excellences and important functions of electronic instrument are described firstly.The definition of amplitude error,phase error and composite error for digital output of EIT are given in the paper based on the standard of IEC60044-7 and IEC60044-8.Subsequently the design principle of error calibration device is introduced:it adopts the individual sampling circuit of Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA),by the use of the project of the absolute error and all digital phase-locked loop according to the digital quantity of the standard corresponding to output signals.Software adopts C# to program and deal with the signals ground on non-synchronized sampling.The hardware is simple,the measurement is convenient and the datum is precise.