cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Korean Workers’ Motivation Tools: Commitment and Incentive‐Based Motivation and Their Relative Impact on Behavioral Work Outcome

This research examines the linkage between commitment (organizational and job), motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic), and work outcomes (effort and propensity to leave) using the Korean sample. With its focus on the relative impact of loyalty‐based commitment and incentive‐based motivation on work outcome behavior, this study highlights Confucian culture and expectancy theory. Using survey data, support was found for all the hypotheses except the paths from job involvement to effort. In particular, organizational commitment was found to have the highest influence on effort and propensity to leave, presenting empirical support for the eminence of loyalty as a motivational tool in a collectivistic work culture. Managerial implications and future research are discussed.
Combining Exposure and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Study of State Dependent Learning

State dependent learning (SDL) occurs when learning acquired in one context is not retrievable in a different context. Although traditionally SDL is thought of in the context of substance use, the role of SDL should be considered during combined medication and exposure treatment for anxiety disorders. Data are presented from a within-subjects, case-series design of four participants with social anxiety disorder. Participants engaged in a series of situational exposures while taking either alprazolam (0.75 mg), propranolol (40 mg), placebo or no medication. They returned 48 h later and engaged in the same situational exposure in an unmedicated state to determine retention of learning following the shift in drug context. Results suggest that SDL effects are possible when combining pharmacotherapy (alprazolam) with exposure therapy. Future research is needed determine the conditions under which SDL is most likely to occur and ways to facilitate transfer of learning across different contexts.
Coronary angioplasty in the patient with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract In patients with acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) may be used (1) to restore antegrade flow in the infarct artery (so called "primary" PTCA) instead of thrombolytic therapy, (2) to establish antegrade coronary flow after unsuccessful thrombolytic therapy (so called "rescue" or "salvage" PTCA), and (3) to reduce the residual infarct artery stenosis after successful thrombolysis. This review examines the prospective, randomized studies that have addressed the use of PTCA for each of these purposes. In selected circumstances, PTCA is a reasonable alternative to thrombolytic therapy in patients with evolving or recent Q-wave myocardial infarction. In those patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock, PTCA may be the preferred treatment. After thrombolytic therapy, the use of PTCA in the absence of spontaneous or provocable ischemia offers no benefit with regard to left ventricular function or survival. In this circumstance, its use is associated with an excessive risk of bleeding, transfusions, and emergent coronary artery bypass surgery when performed within hours of infarction.
A Reliability Analysis Technique for Bulk System Planning

This paper describes a technique for extending probabilistic generation system reliability analysis to include the bulk power supply system. With two-state component models, a net load model and a linear least square error approximation to the a.c. power-flow, classical minimum path concepts are used to develop the idea of Load Dependent Minimum Paths. This is the minimum amount of information required to determine whether any given combination of generation, transmission and load produces acceptable performance.
The Devil is in the (Historical) Details: Continental Drift as a Case of Normatively Appropriate Consensus?

In Social Empiricism, Miriam Solomon proposes a via media between traditional philosophical realism and social construction of scientiac knowledge, but ignores a large body of historical literature that has attempted to plough just that path. She also proposes a standard for normatively appropriate consensus that, arguably, no theory in the history of science has ever achieved, including her own ideal type—plate tectonics. And while valorizing dissent, she fails to consider how dissent has been used in recent decades as a political tool to challenge scientiac evidence on diverse issues, including the link between tobacco and cancer and the reality of anthropogenic global warming.
Modular architecture for nanosatellites

Miniaturization and reduction of design and production costs of electronics is at the forefront of today's technological efforts. Ground based applications have been the forerunner of this trend. It is proposed that a space analog be created. A modular architectural approach to the construction of an extremely small satellite may provide a standard for future space-based research, educational, and communication platforms. Dartsat is to meet such specifications while providing the footing for ongoing research ons pace operations at Dartmouth College. The first iteration of Dartsat is to serve as a model for future missions. Dartsat has dimensions of ten centimeters cubed; the maximum allowable mass is one kilogram. Of this volume, roughly 75 cm3 is occupied by mechanical superstructure. The remainder of the volume, approximately 925 cm3, is divided into modular bays. The control, power, and radio communication (CPR) of the satellite occupies one of these bays. The other bays are to be outfitted with standardized interfaces allowing the snap-in of interchangable, independently engineered payloads. The unique design of Dartsat is to provide a benchmark for future space flight orbital operations.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The 40-Hz Event-Related Potential as a Measure of Auditory Sensitivity in Normals

Estimates of behavioral threshold using the 40-Hz Event-Related Potential (ERP) were obtained on sixteen normal subjects at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, and compared with behavioral thresholds for the same stimuli. The mean differences were within 10 dB at the three lowest frequencies. The mean difference at 4000 Hz was 16 dB. Peak amplitude of the response did not vary significantly either with signal amplitude or test frequency, but the latency of the response varied significantly with frequency. Factors which may affect the reliability and validity of the 40-Hz ERP are discussed.
Effects of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Anorexia Nervosa: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Context: Anorexia nervosa (AN), a state of chronic nutritional deprivation, is characterized by GH resistance with elevated GH levels and decreased levels of IGF-I. The effects of supraphysiological recombinant human GH (rhGH) on GH resistance in AN are not currently known. Objective: The aim was to investigate whether supraphysiological rhGH increases IGF-I levels in AN. Design and Setting: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled study in a Clinical Research Center. Patients: We studied 21 women with AN, 10 (mean age, 28 ± 2.1 yr) treated with rhGH and 11 (mean age, 29.2 ± 2.6 yr) treated with placebo. Interventions: rhGH (mean maximum daily dose, 1.4 ± 0.12 mg/d) or placebo was administered to patients for 12 wk. Main Outcome Measures: IGF-I, N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, type I collagen C-telopeptide, glucose, and insulin levels were measured at wk 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12; C-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, leptin, and free fatty acid levels were measured at wk 0 and 12....
Birth cohort evidence of population influences on blood pressure in the United States, 1887-1994.

Abstract PURPOSE: Mean blood pressure (BP) has declined in the U.S. for several decades. It is unknown to what extent this decline was due to treatment of persons with recognized high BP or to population-wide influences on BP. Treatment would shift only the highest values lower, whereas, population-wide influences on BP would shift the entire distribution downward. METHODS: We examined changes in the distributions of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) across birth cohorts born between 1887 and 1975 in 52,646 individuals examined in the National Health (and Nutrition) Examination Surveys between 1960 and 1994. The BP distributions were estimated as functions of age and birth-year to examine changes between birth cohorts. We postulated that the age-adjusted 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of SBP and DBP had decreased in more recent versus earlier birth cohorts. RESULTS: The series of birth cohorts exhibited successively lower SBP and DBP at low, middle and high percentiles. In general, the 10th percentile of SBP decreased approximately 1.19 mmHg per decade of birth-year, whereas the 50th percentile decreased 2.40 mmHg per decade, and the 90th percentile decreased 4.62 mmHg per decade. A similar pattern of results was seen for DBP. CONCLUSIONS: The entire distribution of both SBP and DBP shifted downward. The downward shifts at the 50th percentile and below unequivocally demonstrate a strong prevention effect in the U.S. population during the period 1887 through 1975. This epidemiologic analysis indicates that population-wide influences can alter favorably the distribution of BP throughout the whole population.
Developing rat brain monoamine levels following In utero exposure to a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acids

Abstract Pregnant rats were gavaged with a 1:1 mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) at 0 (G 0), 50 (G 50) and 100 (G 100) mg/kg per day on gestational days 6–15. Treatment significantly (P
NEUROMOTOR BEHAVIOR OF FULL TERM(FT) AND PRETERM(PT) INFANTS AT 3 & 6 MO

A comprehensive Neuromotor Behavioral Inventory measuring motor tone, movement patterns, reflexes, environment, and oral motor behavior was used on 181 PT and FT infants born 1978-82 at 3 and 6 months. At 3 months, healthy FT infants had better quality of movement and were more advanced in motor skills than either healthy PT or ventilated PT infants. Healthy FT and healthy PT infants had little in common at this age except for the absence of abnormal responses. Some responses could be rank ordered such as head control, righting reactions, and blocks to movement.Best responses were seen in healthy FT infants, followed by healthy PT, and worst in ventilated PT infants. Ventilated PT infants had the greatest number of abnormal responses, greatest variation in behavior, and the least predictable sequence of development. At 6 months, FT infants continued to have better quality of movement and more advanced motor skills. Similarities between FT and healthy PT infants increased, particularly in muscle tone,sitting and the absence of blocks to movement. Ventilated PT infants had the highest incidence of abnormalities in tone,deviations in head and trunk control,and delays in motor skills(40%).This analysis of behavior demonstrates the predictability of neuromotor responses in healthy FT infants, the variability of development in healthy PT infants,the high incidence of abnormal development in ventilated PT infants,and provides a basis of knowledge of development of PT infants which may be used to discriminate between normal and abnormal high-risk FT and PT neonates.
Design Process Management

The objective of this article is to develop an electronic collaborative environment supporting cross-disciplinary heterogeneous computer-aided design (CAD) use. Design information flows, as a result of concurrent execution of an open-ended set of applications, require both better communication and control for design effectiveness. This work reviews current capabilities in database transactions to support CAD/CAM and proposes a new architecture to support missing capabilities. In this article we outline the use of a process management module within product modeling environment. The managemellt and control of desigtt information flows are addressed at three levels of abstraction: a conceptual framework for specifying and reasoning about design transactional , flows, a comprehensive distributed object model of design processes, and a client-server network-based computing infrastructure supporting the process model.
HOW RELIGIOUS PRACTICES MATTER1: PETER OCHS' “ALTERNATIVE NURTURANCE” OF PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

This article engages the work of Peter Ochs from the perspective of philosophy of religion. In particular, I consider Ochs' work on Scriptural Reasoning and Jewish Morning Prayer as articulating a unique emphasis on religious liturgical practices that hints at a much needed paradigm shift in philosophy of religion, which has tended to focus on the cognitive aspects of religion (beliefs and doctrines) or the merely static artifacts of religious traditions.
Thermal modeling of greenhouse aquaculture raceway systems

Abstract A mechanistic model was developed to describe the thermal behavior of an indoor raceway system with an inflated double polyethylene cover. The model describes the heat balances of the two covers, the inside air, the water in the raceway and the soil beneath the raceway. On-site measurements were made with an experimental system at the Waddell Mariculture Center in South Carolina. The collected data were used to calibrate the model. Comparison of the predictions with observations showed that the average absolute errors of air temperature and water temperature were 1.4 and 0.5 °C, respectively and was 8% for the relative humidity. The accuracies are regarded as sufficient for the model to be useful for more general application. Model simulations were used to investigate the effects of the greenhouse on the air and water temperatures, to examine the heat fluxes and to calculate the heat consumption and costs at four different climatic locations. The results suggest that under the mild weather conditions in January near Charleston, SC where the daily mean temperature is 7.6 °C and solar radiation is 121 W m−2, the inside air temperature increases by 5.6 °C and water temperature increases by 9.7 °C on average for the system with the 0.85 m deep raceway covering 70% of the greenhouse floor. An examination of the heat fluxes suggests that thermal radiation is a major mechanism of heat loss for the greenhouse covers and the water surface. Convection from the water surface is also a significant mechanism for latent and sensible heat loss from the raceway. Reducing these heat flows will help conserve and utilize energy. The yearly heating requirements to keep the water temperature at 28 °C for the experimental system were estimated to be 870, 520, 274 and 221 kWh per square meter of raceway for Syracuse, NY, Roanoke, VA, Charleston, SC and Baton Rouge, LA, respectively. The model was deemed to be a useful tool for exploring the performance of greenhouse raceway systems under different scenarios, such as different cover materials, sizes and climates.
Lifestyle interventions in the treatment of childhood overweight: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials

Identifying and evaluating efficacious treatments for pediatric weight loss is of critical importance. This quantitative review represents the first meta-analysis of the efficacy of randomized controlled trials comparing lifestyle interventions to control conditions. MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched up to August 2005. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials involving lifestyle interventions for pediatric overweight that had as a comparison either a no-treatment or information/education-only control. The primary outcome of interest was change in weight status. Fourteen trials were eligible, resulting in 19 effect sizes. Information on study design, participant characteristics, interventions, and results were extracted using a standardized coding protocol. For trials with no-treatment controls, the mean effect size was 0.75 at end of treatment and 0.60 at follow-up. For trials with information/education only controls, the mean effect size was 0.48 at end of treatment and 0.91 at follow-up. No significant moderator effects were identified. Overall, lifestyle interventions for the treatment of pediatric overweight are efficacious in the short-term with some evidence for persistence of effects. Future research is required to identify moderators and mediators of outcome and to determine the optimal length and intensity of treatment required to produce enduring changes in weight status.
Role of MKP-1 in Osteoclasts and Bone Homeostasis

Bone mass is maintained through the complementary activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; yet differentiation of either osteoblasts and osteoclasts engages the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The MAPKs are negatively regulated by a family of dual-specificity phosphatases known as the MAPK phosphatases (MKPs). MKP-1 is a stress-responsive MKP that inactivates the MAPKs and plays a central role in macrophages; however, whether MKP-1 plays a role in the maintenance of bone mass has yet to be investigated. We show here, using a genetic approach, that mkp-1−/− female mice exhibited slightly reduced bone mass. We found that mkp-1+/+ and mkp-1−/− mice had equivalent levels of bone loss after ovariectomy despite mkp-1−/− mice having fewer osteoclasts, suggesting that mkp-1−/− osteoclasts are hyperactive. Indeed, deletion of MKP1 led to a profound activation of osteoclasts in vivo in response to local lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. These results suggest a role for MKP-1 in osteoclasts, which originate from the fusion of macrophages. In support of these observations, receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand induced the expression for MKP-1, and osteoclasts derived from mkp-1−/− mice had increased resorptive activity. Finally, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activities were enhanced in osteoclasts derived from mkp-1−/− mice. Taken together, these results show that MKP-1 plays a role in the maintenance of bone mass and does so by negatively regulating MAPK-dependent osteoclast signaling.
Penetrance and expressivity of the gene responsible for the Gardner syndrome

The Gardner syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple polyposis of the colon, associated with various soft- and hard-tissue tumors. Our original kindred, first reported in the early 1950's has been updated and serves as the basis for a discussion of the penetrance and expressivity of the gene responsible for the syndrome. The family consists of 188 members spread over six generations, with 28 individuals clearly documented as having the syndrome. Using two different methods of calculating penetrance, the responsible gene was found to be fully penetrant. This observation was confirmed by an analysis of 160 additional sibships from the literature. This estimation of penetrance is considerably higher than has been previously reported. The expressivity of the gene, however, is quite variable, and this is illustrated using examples from both our kindred and the literature.
Study of Alzheimer's Dementia Patients with Parkinsonian Features:

This paper presents a study to test the hypothesis that a parkinsonian subtype of Alzheimer's disease exists. Twenty-one patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and coexistent parkinsonian features were matched to 21 DAT control patients without parkinsonian signs. All subjects were drawn from 136 patients with DAT evaluated between 1980 and 1982. Items from a standardized clinical evaluation at the time of diagnosis, from continuous yearly follow-ups, and neuropathologic examination were compared to determine if qualitative differences exist between the two groups. Those with parkinsonian features had significantly shorter duration of symptoms prior to presentation, a trend toward more reports of decreased self-care, and more primitive reflexes on physical examination. While the total Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores at presentation were not significantly different, the cases showed greater impairment in language and registration subitems. During follow-up, no differences were observed in performance on MMSE and Dementia Rating Scale scores. Survival curves showed a trend toward poorer survival in the cases. Neuropathologic data were obtained on seven patients with both DAT and parkinsonian features and showed three cases with Alzheimer's disease (AD) alone and four with AD and Parkinson's disease. Four of the DAT control patients were examined neuropathologically, and all had AD without evidence of Parkinson's disease. The results provide preliminary evidence that Alzheimer's patients with parkinsonian signs are a subtype characterized by distinct neurologic signs and a more rapid course.
Improvements in electric-field sensor sensitivity by exploiting a tangential field condition

This paper presents improvements to slab-coupled optical fiber sensors for electric-field sensing. The sensors are comprised of a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal mounted on a D-fiber. The improvements are based on changing the crystal orientation, which enhances sensitivity due to a combined increase in the effective electro-optic coefficient and electric-field penetration into the KTP crystal. The paper provides a detailed comparison of the improved sensor, which uses x-cut KTP to the previous sensor design using z-cut KTP. The measurements show an 8.6× improvement in the sensitivity.
Towards a parallel registration of multiple resolution remote sensing data

Image registration is becoming a very important issue in the processing of large databases of multi-sensor, multi-resolution remote sensing data. The authors propose an algorithm which provides a fast method to register data automatically, and which will be able to handle data with very different resolutions. This paper describes the algorithm and presents some results applied to Landsat-TM and AVHRR imagery.
Feasibility of Large-Scale Genomic Testing to Facilitate Enrollment Onto Genomically Matched Clinical Trials

Purpose We report the experience with 2,000 consecutive patients with advanced cancer who underwent testing on a genomic testing protocol, including the frequency of actionable alterations across tumor types, subsequent enrollment onto clinical trials, and the challenges for trial enrollment. Patients and Methods Standardized hotspot mutation analysis was performed in 2,000 patients, using either an 11-gene (251 patients) or a 46- or 50-gene (1,749 patients) multiplex platform. Thirty-five genes were considered potentially actionable based on their potential to be targeted with approved or investigational therapies. Results Seven hundred eighty-nine patients (39%) had at least one mutation in potentially actionable genes. Eighty-three patients (11%) with potentially actionable mutations went on genotype-matched trials targeting these alterations. Of 230 patients with PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN/BRAF mutations that returned for therapy, 116 (50%) received a genotype-matched drug. Forty patients (17%) were treated on ...
Effect of old age on human skeletal muscle force-velocity and fatigue properties.

It is generally accepted that the muscles of aged individuals contract with less force, have slower relaxation rates, and demonstrate a downward shift in their force-velocity relationship. The fact...
Interaction of RecA Protein with a Photoaffinity Analogue of ATP, 8-Azido-ATP: Determination of Nucleotide Cofactor Binding Parameters and of the Relationship between ATP Binding and ATP Hydrolysis?

The binding and cross-linking of the ATP photoaffinity analogue 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (azido-ATP) with recA protein have been investigated, and through cross-linking inhibition studies, the binding of other nucleotide cofactors to recA protein has also been studied. The azido-ATP molecule was shown to be a good ATP analogue with regard to recA protein binding and enzymatic function by three criteria: first, the cross-linking follows a simple hyperbolic binding curve with a Kd of 4 microM and a cross-linking efficiency ranging from 10% to 70% depending on conditions; second, ATP, dATP, and adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP-gamma-S) specifically inhibit the cross-linking of azido-ATP to recA protein; third, azido-ATP is a substrate for recA protein ATPase activity. Quantitative analysis of the cross-linking inhibition studies using a variety of nucleotide cofactors as competitors has shown that the binding affinity of adenine-containing nucleotides for recA protein decreases in the following order: ATP-gamma-S greater than dATP greater than ATP greater than adenylyl beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) much greater than adenylyl beta,gamma-methylenediphosphate (AMP-PCP) approximately adenine. Similar competition studies also showed that nearly all of the other nucleotide triphosphates also bind to recA protein, with the affinity decreasing in the following order: UTP greater than GTP approximately equal to dCTP greater than dGTP greater than CTP. In addition, studies performed in the presence of single-stranded DNA demonstrated that the affinity of ATP, dATP, ATP-gamma-S, and AMP-PNP for recA protein is significantly increased. These results are discussed in terms of the reciprocal effects that nucleotide cofactors have on the modulation of recA protein--single-stranded DNA binding affinity and vice versa. In addition, it is demonstrated that nucleotide and DNA binding are necessary though not sufficient conditions for ATPase activity. The significance of this result in terms of the possible requirement of critically sized clusters of 15 or more recA protein molecules contiguously bound to DNA for ATPase activity is discussed.
Food safety in the hospitality industry

Food Legislation, Consumers and the Hospitality sector European foodstuffs law and the consumer, Food legislation and enforcement in EU member states, Trends and developments in European food law The Practical Application of Food Safety An introduction to food microbiology, Supply and storage of food, Food preparation and service Premises, cleaning, health and safety Food safety matters relating to personel Food Hazard Analysis and Due Diligence Food hazard analysis, Due diligence Appendix 1 Useful Internet addresses References Index
Adolescent ADHD and Adult Physical and Mental Health, Work Performance, and Financial Stress

OBJECTIVE: There is a scarcity of longitudinal studies of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) followed until adulthood. We studied the relationship between ADHD in adolescence and impaired general physical health, impaired general mental health, antisocial personality disorder, impaired work performance, and high financial stress in adulthood. METHODS: A prospective design incorporated 6 assessments of participants spanning mean ages from 14 to 37 years. Two baseline assessments were taken between ages 14 and 16 years, and 5 outcome assessments were taken at mean age 37 years. Participants were assessed with structured interviews and questionnaires. The participants were from a community sample of individuals initially drawn in 1975 and followed to a mean age of 37 years in 2009. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ADHD in adolescence as related to internal stress in adulthood were 1.82 (95% CI = 1.01–3.25; P P P P P CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should focus on early diagnosis and treatment of adolescent ADHD because it is a major predictor of an array of physical, mental, work, and financial problems in adulthood.
Lessons Learned From Political Violence and Genocide in Teaching a Psychology of Peace: An Interview With Linda Woolf.

Tasha R. Howe got her BA in psychology from the University of California at Santa Barbara. She received her MA and PhD in developmental psychology from the University of California, Riverside. Afte...
Base-stacking and base-pairing contributions into thermal stability of the DNA double helix

Two factors are mainly responsible for the stability of the DNA double helix: base pairing between complementary strands and stacking between adjacent bases. By studying DNA molecules with solitary nicks and gaps we measure temperature and salt dependence of the stacking free energy of the DNA double helix. For the first time, DNA stacking parameters are obtained directly (without extrapolation) for temperatures from below room temperature to close to melting temperature. We also obtain DNA stacking parameters for different salt concentrations ranging from 15 to 100 mM Na+. From stacking parameters of individual contacts, we calculate base-stacking contribution to the stability of A*T- and G*C-containing DNA polymers. We find that temperature and salt dependences of the stacking term fully determine the temperature and the salt dependence of DNA stability parameters. For all temperatures and salt concentrations employed in present study, base-stacking is the main stabilizing factor in the DNA double helix. A*T pairing is always destabilizing and G*C pairing contributes almost no stabilization. Base-stacking interaction dominates not only in the duplex overall stability but also significantly contributes into the dependence of the duplex stability on its sequence.
Microprocessor sensitivity to failures: control vs. execution and combinational vs. sequential logic

The goal of this study is to characterize the impact of soft errors on embedded processors. We focus on control versus speculation logic on one hand, and combinational versus sequential logic on the other. The target system is a gate-level implementation of a DLX-like processor. The synthesized design is simulated, and transients are injected to stress the processor while it is executing selected applications. Analysis of the collected data shows that fault sensitivity of the combinational logic (4.2% for a fault duration of one clock cycle) is not negligible, even though it is smaller than the fault sensitivity of flip-flops (10.4%). Detailed study of the error impact, measured at the application level, reveals that errors in speculation and control blocks collectively contribute to about 34% of crashes, 34% of fail-silent violations and 69% of application incomplete executions. These figures indicate the increasing need for processor-level detection techniques over generic methods, such as ECC and parity, to prevent such errors from propagating beyond the processor boundaries.
Saturation-induced instability in electric power systems

This paper concerns the effects of generator controller limits on long-term power system stability. It is shown through an example that when the system operates near its limits, interactions between the speed governor limits and the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) can lead to frequency instability that would not be evident from power-flow analysis or simulations of only the electromechanical dynamics. Analysis of the case study shows that when the generation limit is reached there is an unstable eigenvalue in the system matrix, but we show this observation alone cannot predict whether the instability will occur. We also show that stability can be achieved with the introduction of a power system stabilizer (PSS), which is normally used for transient (fast) stability. This work suggests several directions for further research.
Stimulus Dependent Redistribution of Membrane Raft Cholesterol in Human Platelets

Cell membranes provide a requisite dynamic interface to facilitate communication between the extracellular environment and the intracellular milieu. These membranes contain proteins that span and/or are loosely associated with the lipid bilayer. The organization of lipids and proteins components into membrane micro-domains provides a temporal and spatial signaling platform for communication. Recently, cholesterol and sphingomyelin enriched membrane micro-domains known as lipid rafts have been implicated in cell signaling events. In these studies we have advanced our hypothesis that stimulus dependent rearrangement of cholesterol into and out of membrane rafts provides a unique lipid-mediated regulatory mechanism. Using fluorescent derivatives of cholesterol, we have shown that membrane raft associated cholesterol was altered in response to collagen-induced platelet aggregatory stimulation. Collagen stimulation resulted in a rapid redistribution of cholesterol from the outer to the inner membrane monolayer. The reorganization of the outer membrane monolayer resulted in a concomitant increase in outer monolayer fluidity. These studies are the first to show that membrane cholesterol was released from the exchangeable membrane raft pool in response to physiological stimuli.
Expression of SET, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, in renal development and Wilms' tumor.

The human gene set was originally identified as a component of the set-can fusion gene produced by a somatic translocation event in a case of acute undifferentiated leuke- mia. In the developing kidney, set was highly expressed in the zone of nephron morphogenesis. Recently, SET was shown to be a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, a family of major serine/threonine phosphatases involved in reg- ulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The current study sought to define further the role of SET in the regulation of renal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The mRNA encod- ing SET was expressed at much higher levels in transformed human and rodent cell lines than in cultured renal epithelial and primary endothelial cells. Consistent with a role for SET in cell proliferation, set mRNA expression was markedly reduced in cells rendered quiescent by serum starvation, contact inhibi- tion, or differentiation. Previous findings during renal devel- opment were extended by demonstrating that SET protein expression is also much greater in developing rat and human kidney than in fully differentiated, mature kidney. Finally, high levels of set mRNA and SET protein expression were found in Wilms' tumor, but not in renal cell carcinoma, adult polycystic kidney disease or in transitional cell carcinoma.
Feeding value of calcium carbonate-treated corn silage for dairy cows.

Abstract Ten lactating cows were used to compare the feeding value of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 )-treated corn silage with normal corn silage. A single-reversal design with 7-wk periods was employed. Cows were fed corn silage as their only roughage, and grain according to 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) production. The feeding of CaCO 3 -treated silage had no significant effect on milk, 4% FCM, or per cent solids-not-fat (SNF) produced by the cows. The milk fat percentage was lower in milk from cows fed CaCO 3 -treated silage (P 3 -treated corn silage. The average body weight gain was greater (P Corn silage treated with CaCO 3 (13.6 lb/ton) had a higher pH (3.92 vs. 3.73), more total organic acids (11.24 vs. 6.52% of D.M.), and a lower carotene content (5.26 vs. 9.09 mg/lb D.M.) than normal corn silage.
The role of the antrum in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer.

Summary The antrum has gained much lost ground in the past few years. From a point low in the estimation of surgeons, the antrum has become recognized as a friend, if certain controls are placed on its activity. The sine qua non of antral retention would seem to be twofold: (1) a position in continuity with acid-secreting cells; and (2) vagotomy of the antrum itself The history of the antrum in the operative approach to peptic ulcer disease has been long and varied. Utilizing these clinical experiences and profiting from the data of experimental laboratories, surgeons have progressed far in solving the enigma of the gastric antrum.
Surface Properties and Collective Modes of Electron-Hole Droplets in Ge, Si and Strained Ge

The surface structure, surface energy, and dipole barrier are obtained for condensed electron-hole droplets in Ge, Si, and strained Ge at zero temperature. The surface tension is given as a function of temperature, and the temperature for which it goes to zero provides an estimate of the critical temperature for condensation. The collective modes of the system are studied via a hydrodynamic approach. They consist of bulk and surface plasmons and low frequency “acoustic” modes. The coupling between these different branches is investigated.
Linear Stability of a Planar Reverse Combustion Front Propagating Through a Porous Medium: Gas-Solid Combustion Model

The method of activation energy asymptotics has been applied to analyze the zeroth-order dynamics of a planar combustion wave traveling through a porous medium in a direction opposite to that of the forced oxygen flux. Such a process finds practical application in the “reverse combustion” of coal seams in-situ. This two-phase oxygen-limited combustion process assumes an infinite effective Lewis number. The adiabatic front temperature is the eigenvalue for the basic-state problem, and is related to the front velocity by the integral energy balance.
Introductory Note to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit: El-Shifa Pharm. Indus. Co. Et. Al. v. United States

No abstract was necessary for the publication of this introductory note. The Introductory Note appears at 48 ILM 829.
The Tohono O'odham, Wage Labor, and Resistant Adaptation, 1900–1930

Between 1900 and 1930, federal reclamation, industrialization, and recruitment by the Bureau of Indian Affairs drove thousands of Tohono O'odham to take up wage work. the Tohono O'odham, however, challenged the blueprint drawn up by federal agencies for their “assimilation” by actively shaping their integration into the regional political economy.
Effects of dietary carbohydrate source on growth, plasma metabolites and lipogenesis in rats, pigs, and chicks.

SummaryRats, chicks, and pigs were fed diets containing fructose or glucose. Plasma triglyceride levels were elevated in rats but not in chicks or pigs fed diets containing fructose. The rate of fatty acid synthesis in rat liver but not in chick liver was elevated when fructose-containing diets were fed. Conversely, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in rat adipose tissue but not in pig adipose tissue tended to be depressed when fructose-containing diets were fed. These results indicate that there are species-specific as well as organ-specific metabolic responses to various dietary carbohydrates.
Hydrogen Atom in Water from Ambient to High Temperatures

The aqueous hydrogen atom is studied with molecular dynamics simulations from ambient temperature to near the critical point. The radial distribution functions find a hydrogen atom coordination number of about 13 water molecules at 300 K to about 4 water molecules at 646 K. The radial and angular distribution functions indicate that first-shell water molecules tend to orient to maximize hydrogen bonding interactions with other water molecules. These orientational tendencies diminish with temperature. The calculated diffusion coefficient agrees very well with experimental results known near ambient temperatures. It fits a simple activation model to about 575 K, above which the diffusion becomes much faster than predicted by the fit. To temperatures of at least 500 K there is evidence for caging on a time scale of about 1 ps, but the evidence disappears at very high temperatures. Values of the aqueous hydrogen hyperfine coupling constant are obtained by averaging the results of density functional calculatio...
Thyroxine secretion rates during food restriction in rats.

SummaryMature female Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer rats with a mean food consumption of 5.26 g/100 g BW of Purina Lab Chow were subjected to 8, 17, 22 and 48% food restriction. Thyroxine secretion rates (TSR) were determined beginning 3 and 17 days later. Only 48% restriction resulted in a significant reduction in TSR during initial period (28%). In second period a 22% restriction resulted in a significant 42% and 48% restriction resulted in a highly significant 54% decrease in TSR.
Aspects of Seismotectonics of Eastern China and their Implications for Eastern U. S.

Earthquakes in eastern China and the eastern United States occur far away from known plate boundaries. M ≥ 8 and 6 < M < 8 events occurred in both areas throughout known history, but the frequency of occurrence of earthquakes was apparently higher in eastern China than in the eastern U.S. Eastern China is composed of many geologically different blocks, which are often bounded by active faults. In comparison the eastern U.S. geology is less heterogeneous. Whereas seismicity in eastern China is frequently, although not always, dearly related to neotectonic activities along the boundaries of “rigid block”, most of the seismogenic structures associated with eastern U.S. events are often overlain by thick recent sediments or have not yet been clearly deciphered; two “rigid blocks” in the eastern U.S. with recognizable seismogenic structures on all sides are tentatively identified. Judging from the episodicity of earthquake occurrence in eastern China in the last 2000 years, we do not yet have enough time to assess the true recurrence rate of earthquakes in the eastern U.S (with a historical record spanning only 400 years). If some eastern U.S. earthquakes occur along boundaries of blocks as they do in eastern China, areas next to the historically active areas in the eastern U.S. may also be sites of significant future seismicity.
Rhetoric and Reality in Wedlocked

This book review essay of Katherine Franke's Wedlocked takes issue with several of the author's views. Specifically, the essay pushes back against the ideas that marriage equality and the recent increase in same-sex couples' adoptions of children are tied to white privilege, arguing that the reality has been better lives for couples of all races -- and their adopted children. The essay also discusses Franke's thesis that marriage will transform both same-sex couples and the institution of marriage itself, and concludes that, while there is some truth to these observations, legal and social changes to marriage were already underway. Same-sex marriages are unlikely to have a major impact on the rate of change, or on its direction.
Intravascular Therapeutic Embolization for Acute Traumatic Bleeding from the Ear

We are reporting our experiences of intravascular therapeutic technique that we used in treating acute traumatic bleeding from the ear
Water Sealing Engineering for Surrounding Slots of Face Rockfill Dam at Qinshan Hydropower Station

The face rockfill dam of Qinshan hydropower station is high with steep slope and a large shearing displacement of surrounding slots.The design of water stop on surrounding slots adopts a composite water stop structure that integrates GB composite copper,GB filling,and wave-type rubber water stop tie.Measures with distinctive technical characteristics are adopted in design and construction engineering to ensure the quality of the project.Some experience can serve as a reference for similar projects.
Relationship of Sperm Parameters with Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species in Semen Specimens

AbstractThe levels of reactive oxygen species were compared in semen specimens from suspected subfertile men and from normal volunteers, and correlated with other semen parameters. Reactive oxygen species formation was measured in semen samples that had no white blood cells by a chemiluminescence assay with a Luminometer. The relationship of seminal reactive oxygen species to several sperm parameters was evaluated. A total of 84 specimens from 69 suspected subfertile men and 15 normal volunteers was tested for reactive oxygen species production. Comparison of reactive oxygen species levels in white blood cell-negative patient and donor specimens showed significantly higher values (p <0.005) in the patient group. Similarly, levels in patient and donor specimens with normal sperm motility were significantly lower (p <0.005) than those in specimens showing poor motility. The seminal reactive oxygen species levels of white blood cell-negative patients with abnormal morphology were significantly higher (p <0.0...
Translating science into business

The right kind of postgraduate training could help you to realize biotech's potential as well as your own.
Single Molecule Studies of Oxidative Damage on Human Telomere

Oxidative stress has been connected to aging, cancer and the development of many other diseases. Oxidative damage occurs while cellular oxidizing species concentration increases or antioxidant defenses decrease. One of the most common products of oxidative damage in DNA is 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). The frequent presence of 8-oxoguanine is due to the lowest oxidation potential of guanine amongst the four DNA bases. In particular, the guanine rich nature telomeric 3’-overhang sequence makes telomere more prone to the 8-oxoG damage. Therefore it provides an interesting region for studying the consequence of oxidative damage in DNA. We studied the effect of 8-oxoG lesion in human telomeric overhang which consist of repeats TTAGGG that can self-fold into G-quadruplex (GQ). The central guanine of triple-G was replaced by 8-oxoG in two repeat positions that are critical for GQ folding stability. We employed single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to measure the changes in GQ folding stability and the resulting accessibility to telomeric proteins. Our study demonstrates that 8-oxoG replacement 1) destabilizes the structure of telomeric GQ, 2)increases the accessibility to POT1, the core component of shelterin which protects telomeric overhang and regulates telomerase activity and 3) increases the telomerase binding affinity to telomere. Overall, our results suggest that the structural instability induced by 8-oxoG lesion likely enhances telomere elongation, which may contribute to cancer development under oxidative stress.
On the Tension between Public and Private Governance in the Emerging Transnational Legal Order: State Ideology and Corporation in Polycentric Asymmetric Global Orders

This essay considers the tension between public and private governance in the emerging transnational legal order. The focus of examination is the corporation, which is where this tension is most in evidence. The analysis starts with the greatest structural impediment to the consideration of the tension between public and private in the transnational ordering of the corporation — the ideology of the state order, which disguises alternative governance orders and the governments through which they are operationalized. It is with the effects of the ideology of the state order that the analytical limitations of analysis become clearer, the object of Section II. More importantly, the exposure of the ideology of the state reveals the extent to which it can bend the objectives of analysis from one that follows reality on the ground to one that takes that bends that reality around the state. That bending can produce substantial effects on the structure of debate and the possibilities for understanding institutional changes in behavior that quite directly challenge the normative presumptions of the privileged ideology. This effect can be exaggerated when changes appear to threaten the hierarchies built into governing ideologies. Sections III and IV explore the power of ideology in framing analysis in Gunther Teubner’s conception of the reality of self-constitutionalizing organization outside the state and in Peer Zumbansen’s excellent theorizing of transnational law as method. Both suggest the ways in which the ideologies of framing analysis can color both the way in which relationships are understood and the objectives of analysis are formed. Section V then posits an alternative analysis, freer (though not entirely free) of the orbit of the state, a vision possible only when the ideological presumptions of the state are suspended.