cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating Symptoms Into the Diagnostic Criteria for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Applying Results From a Prospective Surveillance Program.

OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine whether patients reporting symptoms are more likely to develop lymphedema and to describe the temporal relationship between symptom onset and lymphedema. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 647 women treated for breast cancer and screened for lymphedema using arm volume measurements and subjective questionnaires (n = 647; 2284 questionnaires [median 3.5 per patient, range = 1-24]). Primary study outcome was lymphedema (relative volume change ≥10%). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate cumulative lymphedema incidence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between symptoms, other risk factors, and lymphedema. RESULTS A total of 64 patients (9.9%) developed lymphedema. On multivariable analysis, patients reporting increased arm size (hazard ratio = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.62-5.89) were more likely to progress to lymphedema than those who did not report this symptom. Of those who developed lymphedema, 37 (58%) reported an increased arm size a median of 6.1 months before lymphedema onset (range = 68.6 months before to 50.2 months after lymphedema onset). CONCLUSION Patients at risk of lymphedema who report increased arm size might do so prior to lymphedema onset and are at 3 times the risk of lymphedema as patients not reporting this symptom. Even without objective or observable edema, these patients should be followed vigilantly and considered for early intervention. Symptoms should be incorporated into screening and diagnostic criteria for lymphedema. IMPACT This study shows that patients at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema who report increased arm size should be considered at high risk for progression to lymphedema-even without edema on measurement or clinical examination-and should be followed vigilantly, with consideration of early intervention. LAY SUMMARY If you are at risk of lymphedema and you feel as though your arm size has increased, you might develop lymphedema, and you are at 3 times the risk of lymphedema as patients not reporting this symptom. Even without measurable or observable edema, you should be followed vigilantly and consider early intervention.
FESS for Reliability Improvement of DER-based Microgrids: Comparison of Distributed Storage Alternatives

This paper discusses the crucial aspects of Flywheel Energy Storage System into distributed renewable energy sources based microgrid. The study primarily focuses on the contribution of Flywheel Energy Storage System towards distributed energy sources based microgrid's reliability as well as conducts performance comparison with Battery Energy Storage System Applications. The comparative analysis takes consideration of different rotational speed ranges and corresponding losses regarding the Flywheel Energy Storage System into the reliable operation assessment of microgrid. The comparative reliability analysis between Flywheel Energy Storage System and Battery Energy Storage System Applications integrated in distributed energy sources based microgrid is demonstrated in the IEEE RTS-79 bus system. The simulation outcomes exhibit the effects of Flywheel Energy Storage System as well as carry out performance assessment of Flywheel Energy Storage System on the architecture's reliability aspects based on considered operational strategies.
Topology-Based Accurate Modeling of Current-Mode Voltage Regulator Modules for Power Distribution Network Design

Power distribution network (PDN) is essential in electronic systems to provide reliable power for load devices. Thus, modeling of PDNs in printed circuit boards and packages has been extensively studied in the past few decades. However, with the higher integration levels and operation bandwidths of modern voltage regulator module (VRM), there lacks an accurate model for transient load responses based on the widely used current-mode control topology. In this work, a topology-based behavior model, including both the power stage and control loops, is developed for the current-mode buck VRM. A novel method is also proposed to unify the modeling of the continuous and discontinuous conduction modes for transient load responses. Through the measurement-based characterization, the model parameters are optimized to match with the actual design. Furthermore, this model can be applied to both the time-domain and frequency-domain circuit simulations to predict the voltage droop and output impedance, respectively. The accuracy of the model is validated using an evaluation board containing the single-phase and multiphase VRMs. The proposed model for current-mode control VRM can be easily cascaded with other PDN components to enable a combined PDN analysis.
Completely mixed linear games on a self-dual cone

Abstract Given a finite dimensional real inner product space V with a self-dual cone K , an element e in K ∘ (the interior of K ), and a linear transformation L on V , the value of the linear game ( L , e ) is defined by v ( L , e ) : = max x ∈ Δ ( e ) ⁡ min y ∈ Δ ( e ) ⁡ 〈 L ( x ) , y 〉 = min y ∈ Δ ( e ) ⁡ max x ∈ Δ ( e ) ⁡ 〈 L ( x ) , y 〉 , where Δ ( e ) = { x ∈ K : 〈 x , e 〉 = 1 } . In [5] , various properties of a linear game and its value were studied and some classical results of Kaplansky [6] and Raghavan [8] were extended to this general setting. In the present paper, we study how the value and properties change as e varies in K ∘ . In particular, we study the structure of the set Ω ( L ) of all e in K ∘ for which the game ( L , e ) is completely mixed and identify certain classes of transformations for which Ω ( L ) equals K ∘ . We also describe necessary and sufficient conditions for a game ( L , e ) to be completely mixed when v ( L , e ) = 0 , thereby generalizing a result of Kaplansky [6] .
Building a Foundation and Defining Terms

To discuss dysphagia versus aspiration risk, differences between the clinical or bedside examination versus a screening examination for aspiration risk, the importance of using a 3-ounce water swallow challenge, and building a research foundation and rationale for use of the Yale Swallow Protocol.
The Protonic Counterpart of Electronegativity and its Relationship to Electronic and Protonic Hardness

The protonic counterpart of electronegativity which we recently proposed as an organizing principle for. gas-phase acidity and basicity is presented here in terms of a hardness matrix related to second derivatives of the energy. Energy differences are expressed in terms of electronic and/or protonic chemical potential means.
Battling Phages: How Bacteria Defend against Viral Attack

Bacteriophages (phages) are accomplished, bacteria-specific, viral predators with far-reaching impact: from the food and biotechnology industries [1] to global nutrient cycling [2] to human health and disease [3]; wherever bacteria thrive, it seems, so do predatory phages. In order to survive the constant onslaught of phage, bacteria have evolved mechanistically diverse defense strategies that act at every stage of the phage life cycle (Fig 1) [4,5]. Phages rapidly co-evolve to overcome these barriers, resulting in a constant, and often surprising, molecular arms race [6]. In this review, I highlight the spectrum of “innate” strategies used by bacteria to evade phage predation, with particular attention paid to more recent findings in the field. For a discussion of the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system, readers are directed to several recent reviews [4–6]. Open in a separate window Fig 1 An overview of bacterial defense systems against phage. Each step of the phage lytic replication cycle is shown in italics. For simplicity, the cell wall and outer membrane (for gram-negative bacteria) is not shown. Bacteria can use a range of antiphage systems that can target all stages of the phage life cycle.
`Near-Miss' for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Infants: A Clinical Problem

Three hundred six infants were referred for evaluation of "near-miss" sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) from 1973 to 1980. Following the hospitalization and medical evaluation, there were 156 infants (115 term and 41 preterm) for whom there was no explanation for the presenting event and who were considered near-miss infants; 88% of these infants were seen during the first 3 months of life. A repeat near-miss event was reported in 63% (term) and 83% (preterm) infants. Twelve percent of term infants and 17% of the preterm infants had ten or more repeat events. A home apnea/cardiac monitor was prescribed for 88% of the infants for an average duration of 5.6 months in term infants and 3.5 months in preterm infants. Monitoring had been discontinued in 69% of the infants by 7 months of age. One full-term infant was later a SIDS victim. The risk of a repeat near-miss event is concluded to be sufficiently great to demand immediate hospitalization, medical evaluation, home monitoring when there is no specific treatment, and close clinical follow-up. Follow-up studies are needed to determine whether there is any long-term morbidity for infants who have had near miss events.
Epidemiological Trends Strongly Suggest Exposures as Etiologic Agents in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Nitrosamines mediate their mutagenic effects by causing DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation, which lead to increased cellular degeneration and death. However, the very same pathophysiological processes comprise the “unbuilding” blocks of aging and insulin-resistance diseases including, neurodegeneration, diabetes mellitus (DM), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Previous studies demonstrated that experimental exposure to streptozotocin, a nitrosamine-related compound, causes NASH, and diabetes mellitus Types 1, 2 and 3 (Alzheimer (AD)-type neurodegeneration). Herein, we review evidence that the upwardly spiraling trends in mortality rates due to DM, AD, and Parkinson's disease typify exposure rather than genetic-based disease models, and parallel the progressive increases in human exposure to nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines via processed/preserved foods. We propose that such chronic exposures have critical roles in the pathogenesis of our insulin resistance disease pandemic. Potential solutions include: 1) eliminating the use of nitrites in food; 2) reducing nitrate levels in fertilizer and water used to irrigate crops; and 3) employing safe and effective measures to detoxify food and water prior to human consumption. Future research efforts should focus on refining our ability to detect and monitor human exposures to nitrosamines and assess early evidence of nitrosamine-mediated tissue injury and insulin resistance.
Oxytocin administration in mid-trimester saline abortions

Abstract Experience with 682 patients who underwent mid-trimester abortion by means of intra-amniotic instillation of 20 per cent sodium chloride solution was analyzed in order to find the procedure with the shortest abortion time and the lowest complication rate. The instillation-to-abortion time was influenced by the volume of saline instilled and by the saline excess, i.e., the amount by which the volume instilled exceeded the volume of amniotic fluid removed but not by the latter volume itself. There was some evidence of decreased abortion time with increased parity, while the gestational age was of no significant importance. The best method was found to be aspiration of 50 to 100 ml. of amniotic fluid and instillation of 200 ml. of 20 per cent saline solution in order to create a saline excess of 100 to 150 ml. Administration of large doses of oxytocin intravenously at a rate of 10 U. per hour started within 2 hours of the saline instillation shortened the mean abortion time and lowered the complication rate significantly compared to patients who received no oxytocin or were given oxytocin later. The risk of water intoxication can be minimized if 5 per cent dextrose in water and Ringer's lactate are infused alternately and oxytocin is discontinued should the urinary output decrease. The treatment of patients from whom no amniotic fluid can be obtained is discussed.
Association for Behavior Analysis International

The Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI) is a nonproft membership organization with the mission to develop, enhance, and support the growth and vitality of behavior analysis through research, education, and practice. Behavior analysis is an approach to the science of behavior that emphasizes behaviorist epistemologies and methods. ABAI was founded in 1974 as a result of concerns that this approach to behavior science did not receive adequate consideration from existing professional audiences. Similar concerns gave rise, at around the same time, to the founding of two major behavioral journals, Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis.
The Distribution of Assets in Consumer Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Cases

This Article presents the first in-depth examination of consumer Chapter 7 asset cases in over 20 years, and the first ever using a national sample of consumer bankruptcies. It finds that only 7% of Chapter 7 cases filed by individuals result in assets to distribute to creditors, and that the majority of those assets come from the sale of real estate or the debtor’s income tax refund. The median case produced just over $3,400 for administrative, priority, and general unsecured creditors. Administering these cases did not come cheaply - 74 cents were spent in administration for every dollar that unsecured creditors received. For all this effort, the median general unsecured creditor received 8 cents on the dollar. Priority creditors fared a little better in the rare case in which they appeared - but domestic support claimants likely fared worse. This Article also finds that the majority of cases in which assets were captured could have been avoided with minor pre-bankruptcy planning.
Interactions of Bacteriophages with Lactic Streptococci

Publisher Summary The appearance of bacteriophages in milk fermentations continues to be the major problem faced by the cultured dairy products industries. With the development of aseptic starter culture preparation and handling procedures, bacteriophage proliferation in the starter culture can be controlled prior to inoculation of the fermentation vat. Uses of these methods continue to be an integral part of any successful starter culture program using defined mixtures of lactic streptococci. However, starter culture failures due to bacteriophage attack will persist as long as phages appear and are allowed to replicate in the fermentation vat. The nature of the fermentation process and the dynamic state of phage-host interactions in the lactic streptococci indicate that regardless of the strains used or precautions taken, it is probable that phages will appear and eventually attack starter culture strains. However, the frequency of such infections could potentially be reduced to an insignificant level. Toward this goal, it is imperative that phage-sensitive variants do not accumulate in starter cultures; that phage-defense mechanisms of the lactic streptococci remain active under the growth and temperature conditions of the cheesemaking process; and that phage-unrelated strains be employed that are, ideally, phage insensitive. In the latter case, such strains are of limited availability to the dairy industry and are not readily accessible from natural sources.
On the Convergence of Cinema and Theme Parks: Developing a Predictable Model for Creative Design

The goal of this research study is to develop a model of information that will enable media conglomerates and other companies, with theme park investments, to make informed and effective decisions based on scholarly and empirical evidences. In order to do this, the following research study uses historic, scholarly, journalistic, and focus group evidences to consolidate the information necessary to create a model to support concepts and designs. The paper begins with establishing why it is important for media conglomerates, with theme park investments, to integrate cinema into the park’s design. Then it looks back through the history of cinema and theme parks, identifying the similarities and differences. Furthermore, it analyzes the development of Universal Studios Hollywood and Disneyland. The study uses the history of Hollywood from its beginning to the decentralization to parallel the development of the movie-based theme park, and how the decentralization of Hollywood and the rise of the movie-based theme park support one another. As the idea of the convergence of one media with another is not a new concept, information on media convergence is used as part of the scholarly research in this area. Because movies and movie-based attractions are each forms of storytelling, the study includes prolific information on media, film, literary, and psychological theories as supporting evidence. The empirical research method utilized in the research, specific to this study, includes four focus groups in Florida, New York City, Cincinnati, and Los Angeles and one interview with a theme iii park president. Throughout the study, concepts of narrative, spectacle, pleasure, character, and setting are addressed in terms of how these elements work in movies and movie-based theme park attractions.
Primary body cavity-based AIDS-related lymphomas

Five patients with advanced AIDS developed a unique type of high grade primary body cavity-based non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The lymphomas were exclusively in serous effusions with no detectable mass disease in the body cavities and no lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. All of the lymphomas exhibited virtually identical morphology, which could not be precisely classified, but appeared to bridge features of large cell immunoblastic and anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Immunophenotypically the lymphoma cells lacked expression of any B- or T-lymphocyte antigens, but expressed CD45 and the activation antigens CD30, CD38, CD71, and HLA-DR. Clonally rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa light chain genes were identified by Southern blot analysis. Molecular studies also revealed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) genomes and germline configuration of the c-myc protooncogene. In two cases studied cytogenetically, the lymphoma cells manifested complex chromosome abnormalities. These lymphomas are clinically and biologically unique and found predominantly in patients with advanced AIDS, in many cases with pre-existing Kaposi's sarcoma.
Phospholipid and cation activation of chimaeric choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferases

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CPT1 and EPT1 genes encode for a cholinephosphotransferase (CPT) and choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase, respectively. Both Cpt1p and Ept1p activities display an absolute requirement for cations and phospholipids. A mixed-micelle assay was employed to determine cation and lipid activators of parental and chimaeric Cpt1p/Ept1p enzymes to gain insight into their mechanism(s) of activation. Mg2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ were the only cations capable of activating Cpt1p and Ept1p in vitro. Kinetic data revealed that only Mg2+ is present in appropriate amounts to activate CPT activity in vivo. Kinetic data revealed that only Mg2+ is present in appropriate amounts to activate CPT activity in vivo. The two enzymes displayed distinct activation profiles on the basis of their relative affinities for Mg2+, and Mn2+ and Co2+. This allowed the use of chimaeric enzymes to determine the mechanism of cation activation. Cations do not activate Cpt1p or Ept1p by complexing with the substrate, CDP-choline, but instead bind to disparate regions within the enzymes themselves. Cpt1p and Ept1p also displayed distinct phospholipid activation profiles. Phospholipid activation required a phosphate and/or glycero-phosphoester linkage, with the phospho-head group moiety positioned at the surface of the micelle. Assays with parental and chimaeric Cpt1p/Ept1p constructs revealed that the phospholipid binding/activation domains are not located within linear segments of the protein, but instead are contained within distinct and separate regions of the proteins that require an intact tertiary structure for formation. Phosphatidylcholine (and its structural analogue sphingomyelin) were the best lipid activators of Cpt1p, the main biologically relevant CPT activity in S. cerevisiae. Hence CPT displays product activation. Because phosphatidylcholine is an efficient activator of CPT activity (and hence Cpt1p is not subject to feedback inhibition by its product), Cpt1p is incapable of functioning as a direct monitor of membrane phosphatidylcholine composition.
Individual Ethical Orientations and the Perceived Acceptability of Questionable Finance Ethics Decisions

Finance is an area that, in practice, is plagued by accusations of unethical activity; the study of finance had adopted a largely nonbehavioral approach to business ethics research. We address this gap in by assessing whether individual ethical orientations (moral identity, idealism, relativism, integrity, Machiavellianism) predict the acceptability of questionable decisions about financial issues. Results show that individual ethical orientations are associated with different levels of acceptability of questionable decisions about financial issues, though the pattern of these differences varies across individual ethical orientations assessed. These results represent evidence that ethical individual differences are associated with the acceptability of questionable finance decisions and are discussed in terms of methodological limitations and future directions in finance ethics research.
Gpbox (Psx2), a homeobox gene preferentially expressed in female germ cells at the onset of sexual dimorphism in mice.

Abstract XX gonads differentiate into ovaries, a morphologic event evident by embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) in mice. To identify early markers of oogenesis, sex-specific urogenital ridge cDNA libraries were constructed from E12–13 embryos. After mass excision and isolation of plasmid DNA, approximately 4800 expressed sequence tags were determined and compared to existing databases. Few cDNAs were specifically expressed in the urogenital ridge, but one, designated GPBOX, encodes a 227-amino-acid homeobox protein that is first expressed at E10.5 in the embryo as well as in the extraembryonic tissues. The Gpbox gene is single copy in the mouse genome and is located on the X chromosome in close proximity to two other homeobox genes, Pem and Psx1. Within the embryo, its expression is limited to the gonad, and transcripts are not detected in adult tissues. Although comparable levels are initially present in both sexes, GPBOX transcripts accumulate faster in female germ cells and peak at E12.5 when they are present in fivefold greater abundance than in males. The persistence of GPBOX transcripts in female germ cells until E15.5 and their virtual disappearance in males by E13.5 suggest that Gpbox may play a role in mammalian oogenesis.
Physicians' attitudes and beliefs concerning alcohol abuse prevention in adolescents.

Abstract Background: Primary alcohol abuse-prevention services delivered to adolescents are inadequate, despite the fact that alcohol abuse is a major health problem. Physicians' attitudes and beliefs regarding primary prevention of adolescent alcohol abuse and appropriate onset ages of alcohol use may be useful in understanding why delivery of prevention services is inadequate, but as yet has not been investigated. Objectives: To examine (1) physicians' attitudes and beliefs regarding alcohol abuse prevention and practice, and (2) correlates of these attitudes and beliefs, including the delivery of primary alcohol abuse-prevention services to adolescents. Methods: A national, stratified random sample of pediatricians and family practitioners was drawn from the American Medical Association's Masterfile Registry. Inclusion criteria included active medical practice and seeing at least one adolescent per week. The response rate was 63%, resulting in a final sample of 1842 physicians. Participants were queried about their practice, alcohol use, attitudes and beliefs, and delivery of alcohol-related screening and education to adolescents. Results: On average, physicians reported providing alcohol-related screening to 40.3% (standard error [SE]=0.6) and education to 52.0% (SE=0.8) of their adolescent patients. Participants had positive attitudes toward adolescents, believed that prevention was important, and approved of alcohol screening early in adolescence, but did not feel very comfortable about their adolescent alcohol-management skills. Except for ceremonial use, most physicians did not believe in underage drinking. Attitudes and beliefs were significantly related to the delivery of alcohol screening (R 2 =0.34, p 2 =0.18, p p p p Conclusions: Physician attitudes and beliefs are associated with variations in alcohol screening and education services delivered to adolescents. A better understanding of physicians' attitudes and beliefs can be useful in providing physician education and training aimed at improving primary alcohol-abuse prevention.
Homologies of the caudal fin rays of Pleuronectiformes (Teleostei)

Descriptions of pleuronectiform caudal fin rays, which vary considerably in composition, have been based on phenotypes (branched, segmented, and unsegmented). To provide a more precise background to the phylogeny, the homologies of the caudal fin rays are considered. The distinction between “principal rays” and “procurrent rays,” determined from their correspondence with those of generalized percomorphs, is adopted. Also, the composition of these rays and their associated muscles are compared within the pleuronectiforms. Estimated “principal ray” numbers are 17 (Psettodidae, Citharidae, Paralichthyidae, Bothidae), 15–18 (Scophthalmidae), 16–23 (Pleuronectidae), and fewer than 17 (Tephrinectes, Poecilopsettidae, Rhombosoleidae, Samaridae, Achiropsettidae, Achiridae, Soleidae, Cynoglossidae). The number of “procurrent rays” in each lobe are 3 or 4 (Psettodidae), 3 (Citharoides, Paracitharus, Lepidoblepharon [Citharidae]), 2 (Citharus, Brachypleura [Citharidae], Tephrinectes, Poecilopsettidae, Soleidae), 1 (Pleuronectidae, Rhombosoleidae, Samaridae, Achiropsettidae), 1 or absent (Scophthalmidae, Paralichthyidae), or consistently absent (Bothidae, Achiridae, Cynoglossidae). New characters of potential usefulness in phylogenetic consideration of the Pleuronectiformes, including the hypochordal longitudinalis, interradialis between the outermost “principal” and medialmost “procurrent rays” and “pseudo-interradialis” (newly identified muscle), are proposed and their phylogenetic significance considered.
The VALUE framework: Training residents to provide value-based care for their patients

National efforts to improve the value of health care must include graduate medical education (GME) if they are to succeed. Proposals to teach residents to provide value-based care have come from the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC), the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American College of Physicians (ACP). Such proposals skip a key step: residency programs currently lack a clear strategy to prepare residents to assess and deliver value-based care. In this article, we present the VALUE Framework for programs to utilize to teach residents to assess and deliver value-based care for their patients. We then present more than 20 opportunities for residency programs to incorporate training in value-based care.
The 520-nm light-induced absorbance change in photosynthetic mutants of Scenedesmus.

The 520-nm light-induced absorbance change was examined in intact cells and chloroplast preparations of the wild type strain and six photosynthetic mutants of Scenedesmus obliquus, strain D3. The two phases of the absorbance change observed under aerobic conditions were separated by criteria other than their kinetic differences. In intact cells the rapid phase did not exhibit a requirement for an electron donor while the slow phase did. The slow phase possessed a requirement for System-II activity only in the absence of an electron donating system alternate to water. All six mutants (three System II, two electron transport and one System I) showed only the first phase of the absorbance change in vivo. We, therefore, postulated that both phases of the 520-nm absorbance change (in vivo) are directly related to System I and that System II is only indirectly involved. Discrepancies between results obtained with chloroplast preparations and with intact cells are also discussed.
Sex Differences in Self-Esteem and Parental Behavior:

The relationship of reported behaviors of both mothers and fathers to the self-esteem of 4- and 5-yr.-old children, with the sex of the child as a variable, was examined. With this intention, the following questions were asked: (1) Do parents behave differently toward boys and girls? (2) Does parental treatment of boys and girls relate to children's self-esteem? (3) Does one sex have higher self-esteem than the other? 49 boys and 45 girls were tested for self-esteem; a paper-and-pencil inventory was used to assess their parents' behavior. Parents indicated that they behaved differently toward boys and girls as follows: fathers interact more with sons than with daughters; mothers interact more with daughters than do fathers but also interact more with sons than do fathers and interact more similarly with boys and girls than do fathers. The data also indicate that some behaviors of mothers are significantly related to high self-esteem in girls while similar or even the same behaviors of fathers are signific...
Various Types of Diets, Sources of Energy, and Positive Energy Balance in the Induction of Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome

Abstract Adult female chickens were force-fed a corn-soy base diet at 150% of the daily amount consumed by those allowed the same diet ad libitum. Other hens were force-fed diets isocaloric to the 150% group just mentioned, but diet composition was adjusted so that 2/3 of the metabolizable energy (M.E.) came from the corn-soy diet and 1/3 from either corn oil or glucose; or force-fed a low energy diet accounting for 2/3 of the M.E. and corn oil 1/3 of M.E., or a purified diet accounting for all M.E. Fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was induced in all force-fed groups with only the low energy diet plus corn oil having produced a significantly lower score for FLHS. However, the livers from the hens of the latter group had as much lipid, and the hens gained at least as much weight as those in other force-fed groups. During the third week of the experiment M.E. was determined along with a partition of energy among eggs, basal metabolism, body weight gain, and subsistance plus heat increment (H.I.). The data showed that the hens force-fed corn oil had lower H.I. values indicative of associative dynamic action of fats at a plane of nutrition above normal. The data revealed that various types of diets and sourves of energy in excess can induce FLHS, and this is discussed in terms of FLHS arising out of a positive energy balance.
The absolute configuration of RbClO3

The positional parameters of the structure of RbClO3 have been determined from 171 x-ray reflections; ano = 6.092(1)Aco = 8.173(2)A, ϱcal = 3.203 g/cc3and S.G. = R3m. The absolute configuration of the structure was determined by a least-squares adjustment of the complex anomalous dispersion of Rb and Cl. The ClO distances are 1.478(5)A and the RbO distances are 3.530(8)A.
The deep chlorophyll maximum and mesoscale environmental heterogeneity in the western half of the North Pacific central gyre

Abstract A traverse of the western half of the North Pacific central gyre along 28°N from 162°30′W to 146°15′E provided sections of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, PO4, NO2, NO3, O2, sigma-t, and zooplankton displacement volume. The deep chlorophyll maximum known to occur in the eastern half of the gyre extends completely across the Pacific. The section crossed at least two hydrographic features that can be interpreted as rings or eddies. The physical environment in the upper 300 m appears to be heterogenous on a horzontal scale of hundreds of kilometers. Nutrient and chlorophyll distributions parallel the hydrographic features and are equally heterogenous. Large differences exist in species assemblages between a site in the eastern half and one in the western half of the gyre. These differences are consistent with either a two-gyre system of surface circulation or with samples taken at the ends of a cline. Hydrographic data are more supportative of the two-gyre hypothesis.
Maringá: A British Garden City in the tropics

Abstract Maringa, located in southern Brazil, deserves to be studied because of its uniqueness. It is one of a few cities designed according to Garden City principles and developed by the British in Brazil as part of a regional network of cities connected by rail. The city also distinguishes itself from several other cities in Brazil because it is the seat of a metropolitan region that, despite having had the highest growth of all metropolitan regions in the state of Parana in the 1990s, has managed to prevent informal settlements from developing within its boundaries. This profile describes the creation and growth of this young, mid-sized city, the design principles followed by its founders, and the political and socioeconomic reasons for its successful development. A critical evaluation of regional planning efforts and shortcomings of a Garden City-inspired design raises issues and describes challenges to be faced by Maringa in the near future. The article concludes that Maringa’s responses to these challenges will determine what kind of future the city will have. Ultimately, a concerted effort to keep its exceptional characteristics will need to be made if its citizens are to maintain the quality of life they have enjoyed during the first half-century of its existence.
Postweaning social experience and adult aggression in rats.

Abstract One group of male rats was reared continuously in small, stable colonies of three animals each during a ten-week period beginning when they were 46 days old. A second group of animals was also reared in small groups of three animals each but membership within these colonies was randomly changed at weekly intervals. Thereafter, all subjects were housed in individual cages. A 24 hr test of the subjects' aggression toward an unfamiliar male conspecific at 130–133 days of age indicated that only the heaviest animal in each of the stable colonies was aggressive. In contrast, all animals in the random-composition group were aggressive toward intruders. Scores on a second test of intruder-directed aggression administered when the subjects were nine months old were significantly related to scores on the first aggression test. Subtle variations in social experience during development are critical in establishing long-term patterns of aggression toward conspecifics in laboratory rats.
Warmed humidified inspired oxygen accelerates postoperative rewarming.

Abstract Study Objective: To investigate the efficacy of warmed, humidified inspired oxygen (O 2 ) for the treatment of mildly hypothermic postoperative patients. Design: Prospective, randomized, unblinded clinical trial. Setting: Postanesthesia care unit in a tertiary care hospital. Patients and Interventions: 30 ASA physical status I, II, and III patients following intraabdominal surgical procedures were randomly assigned to receive either routine O 2 therapy (control group, n=15), or warmed (42°C) humidified O 2 (treatment group, n=15) for the initial 90 postoperative minutes. Measurements: Core (tympanic) temperature, dry mouth score and shivering score. Main Results: Tympanic temperature was similar in both groups on admission (≈35.8°C). Rewarming rate in the first postoperative hour was greater in the treatment group (0.7 ± 0.1°C · hr −1 ) compared to the control group (0.4 ± 0.1°C · hr −1 ) (p = 0.03). Patients receiving the warmed, humidified O 2 had a lower incidence of dry mouth compared to the control group (p = 0.03). The incidence of shivering was low and similar in both groups. Conclusions: Warming and humidifying inspired O 2 hastens recovery from hypothermia in postoperative patients.
Wormholes as a basis for the Hilbert space in Lorentzian gravity.

We carry out to completion the quantization of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model provided with a conformal scalar field, and of a Kantowski-Sachs spacetime minimally coupled to a massless scalar field. We prove that the Hilbert space determined by the reality conditions that correspond to Lorentzian gravity admits a basis of wormhole wave functions. This result implies that the vector space spanned by the quantum wormholes can be equipped with a unique inner product by demanding an adequate set of Lorentzian reality conditions, and that the Hilbert space of wormholes obtained in this way can be identified with the whole Hilbert space of physical states for Lorentzian gravity. In particular, all the normalizable quantum states can then be interpreted as superpositions of wormholes. For each of the models considered here, we finally show that the physical Hilbert space is separable by constructing a discrete orthonormal basis of wormhole solutions.
Solar abundance of platinum.

Abstract Three lines of neutral platinum, located at λ 2997.98 A, λ 3064.71 A, and λ 3301.86 A have been used to determine the solar platinum abundance by the method of spectral synthesis. On the scale, log A(H) = 12.00, the thus-derived solar platinum abundance is 1.75 ± 0.10, in fair accord with Cameron's value of log A(Pt) = 1.69 derived by Mason from carbonaceous chondrites and calculated on the assumption that log A(Si) = 7.55 in the sun.
Estimating ground-level concentration patterns from isolated air-pollution sources: a brief summary.

The current state of the art of modeling the dispersion of air pollutants emitted from isolated sources into the lower atmosphere is briefly described. Thermal and mechanical turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer are strongly related to solar heating and nocturnal cooling of the ground surface. This results in a marked diurnal variation in the rate of low-level pollutant dispersion. The standard mathematical model to describe this phenomenon, the Gaussian plume model, is reviewed and various special problems that arise in applications are discussed, including diffusion parameters, the effect of the averaging period, computational aids to air pollution estimation, removal processes, plume rise, terrain effects, and the attainable accuracy of air quality models.
SPATIOTEMPORAL PREDICTION MODELS OF CETACEAN HABITATS IN THE MID‐WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN (FROM CAPE HATTERAS, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A. TO NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA)

Habitat prediction models were developed for 13 cetacean species of the mid-western North Atlantic Ocean: beaked whale, fin whale, humpback whale, minke whale, pilot whale, sperm whale, bottlenose dolphin, common dolphin, Risso's dolphin, spotted dolphin, whitesided dolphin, and harbor porpoise. Using the multiple logistic regression, sightings of cetaceans during the 1990-1996 summer (June-September) surveys were modeled with oceanographic (sea surface temperature, monthly probability of front occurrence) and topographic (depth, slope) variables for the same period. Predicted habitat maps for June and August were created for each species using a Geographical Information System. The predicted habitat locations matched with current and historic cetacean sighting locations. The model also predicted habitat shifts for some species associated with oceanographic changes. The correct classification rate of the prediction models with 1997-1998 summer survey data ranged from 44% to 70%, of which most of the misclassifications were caused by false positives (i.e., absence of sightings at locations where the models predicted).
The development of attitudes and social characteristics of students attending predominantly black colleges: A longitudinal study

The study was designed to assess the development of Family Independence (FI), Peer Independence (PI), Liberalism (L), Social Conscience (SC), and Cultural Sophistication (CS) among students attending three predominantly black colleges. Responses to the “Attitudes” section of the College Student Questionnaires were obtained from 334 students when they were entering freshmen, end-of-year freshmen, and graduating seniors. The data were analyzed with a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance design. College, Sex, and Time were the independent variables, and the five attitude scales were the dependent variables. The tests for the main effects of time revealed overall gains on all five scales. A significant Sex × Time interaction indicated that PI scores for males increased, while females' PI scores decreased, during the freshman year; the females' PI scores increased during the subsequent three year period. Significant College × Time interactions were found for FI and CS. College × Sex × Time interactions were significant for L and CS. The results indicated that students who attended these predominantly black colleges developed greater self-reliance and autonomy and broadened interests in political, social, and cultural affairs. The extent of change in these attitudes varied, however, according to the college attended and/or sex of the student.
Constitution of the toxin of Helminthosporium victoriae.

THE toxin of Helminthosporium victoriae is one of the most potent and most specific known. As little as 0.01 µgm./ml. will completely inhibit the growth of susceptible oat roots, whereas one thousand times this concentration is needed to affect resistant plants.
Electron correlations in quantum and classical plasmas in a layered structure.

We present a theoretical calculation of electron correlations in quantum and classical plasmas in a layered structure. This treatment rests on the solution of the first member of the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. For arbitrary wave number this leads to a set of coupled integral equations which has to be solved self-consistently. In the long-wavelength limit it is found that the phase velocity of the collective excitation is renormalized due to short-range correlations. Our result is an extension of the earlier theory of K. S. Singwi et al. [Phys. Rev. 176, 589 (1968)] for bulk plasmas to the case of a layered electron gas. Our numerical results show that the correlation function for a layered structure is an oscillatory function of the lattice period, which reflects the interference between the density fluctuations in different layers.
Conserved lipoprotein H.8 of pathogenic Neisseria consists entirely of pentapeptide repeats.

Summary The pathogenic Neisseria, N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, possess an outer membrane protein (OMP), designated H.8, with a conserved monoclonal antibody (MAb)-binding epitope. We determined the DNA sequence of a gonococcal H.8 gene, and confirmed the relationship between the cloned gene and the H.8 OMP by constructing a gonococcal mutant lacking H.8. The predicted H.8 OMP is a lipoprotein 71 amino acids in length, composed of 13 repeats of a consensus sequence AAEAP with perfect 5-residue periodicity. The AAEAP units form a repeating epitope that comprises the entire predicted sequence of the protein.
Quantitative separation of antigen-specific murine antibodies by anti-allotype chromatography.

The use of Sepharose-conjugated murine anti-Iga or anti-Igb allo-antisera allowed the quantitative separation of immunoglobulins of the two allotypes. After fractionation of mixtures of anti-(T,G)-A- -L antisera obtained from congenic strains differing in immunoglobulin allotype, it was possible to measure the antigen-binding capacity of specific anti-(T,G)-A- -L antibodies in each allotype fraction. Analysis of artificial mixtures of immune sera obtained from homozygous Iga and Igb animals showed that this method is quantitative and internally consistent. This method of affinity chromatography was used in the analysis of specific anti-(T,G)-A–L antisera from tetraparental mice.
Genomic copy number changes of DNA repair genes ERCC1 and ERCC2 in human gliomas

Abnormalities of the genomic region of chromosome 19q13.2–13.4 are a common occurrence in brain malignancies and contain a possible tumor suppressor gene involved in gliomas. Since abnormalities of DNA repair are associated with malignancy, we assessed DNA status of the nucleotide excision repair genes located in this area, viz. ERCC1 and ERCC2.
Two forms of the GABAA receptor distinguished by anion‐exchange chromatography

The GABAA receptor complex was solubilized from rat brain membranes in Triton X-100, enriched by 1012-S affinity chromatography, and subjected to DEAE anion-exchange chromatography. Two forms were distinguished by their differential elution during this HPLC with a KCl gradient. They displayed similar [3H]muscimol- and [3H]flunitrazepam-binding characteristics, as well as [3H]flunitrazepam-binding inhibition by CL 218872. Rechromatography of these distinct ionic forms indicated that they were not in dynamic equilibrium during chromatography. Resolution of these two pharmacologically similar populations of GABAA receptor by anion-exchange HPLC suggests that they differ in charge densities, a condition which may reflect differing glycosylation or phosporylation states of the complex.
Some Implications of the “New Theory of Consumer Behavior” for Interpreting Estimated Demand Elasticities

Problems of interpreting price elasticities of demand have been explored, both explicitly (Manderscheid) and implicitly (Purcell and Raunikar), in articles in this Journal. This note examines a problem not considered in these discussions. Specifically, we analyze some implications of the recent developments in the theory of consumer behavior for the estimation and interpretation of demand elasticities.
Depth-sensing indentation of low-density brittle nanoporous solids

Abstract Many applications of low-density nanoporous dielectrics are limited by their poor mechanical properties. Although nanoindentation is often used to evaluate the mechanical behavior of such materials, the physical meaning of the inelastic parameters measured by various indentation methods is not clear. Here, we study low-density nanoporous silica monoliths (aerogels) by nanoindentation using the most common indenter geometries (spherical, pyramidal and flat punches) and discuss the parameters measured. Results suggest that the deformation of the nanoporous silica monoliths studied in this work is controlled by elastic bending and fracture of nanoligaments with no signs of plasticity. The contact pressure (Meyer hardness) increases with increasing strain and does not represent the foam “crushing pressure”. The critical load for Hertzian fracture obeys the Auerbach law, and the formation of radial cracks and brittleness are strongly suppressed by the presence of nanopores. We also discuss the choice of indenter geometry and provide recommendations that can be used to overcome some typical challenges of indentation studies of low-density nanoporous solids, including very low contact stiffness for indenters with small contact areas, large surface roughness inherent to this class of materials, spatial non-uniformity (skin layers on monoliths), viscoelasticity and elastic nonlinearity.