cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dose and Regimen Effects of Poly ICLC, an Interferon Inducer, in a Multi‐Dose Bleomycin Model of Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis*

The antifibrotic effects of an interferon inducer, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid complexed with poly-L-lysine (poly ICLC), was evaluated in a bleomycin-hamster model of pulmonary fibrosis. Hamsters received three consecutive intratracheal doses of bleomycin (2.5, 2.0, and 1.5 U/kg/5 ml) or saline at weekly intervals. Poly ICLC at three doses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg body weight) or saline was injected intraperitoneally by daily and semiweekly regimens for four weeks, and animals were sacrificed at five weeks. In both the daily and semiweekly poly ICLC regimens, hamsters receiving bleomycin plus poly ICLC demonstrated increased mortality and decreased weight gain compared to the vehicle and bleomycin control groups. The groups receiving bleomycin plus daily poly ICLC demonstrated poly ICLC-dose related effects for weight changes, lung hydroxyproline and lung prolyl hydroxylase activity. Depending on the poly ICLC dose, bleomycin plus daily poly ICLC produced significantly decreased hydroxyproline or significantly increased hydroxyproline and prolyl hydroxylase activity compared to the bleomycin control group. In contrast, the groups receiving bleomycin plus semiweekly poly ICLC did not demonstrate poly ICLC-dose related effects or significant differences from the bleomycin control group for any of the biochemical assays performed. The results of this study indicate that, depending on dose and regimen, poly ICLC can reduce collagen accumulation or produce a synergistic toxicity when administered with multiple doses of bleomycin. The toxic effects may restrict the therapeutic potential of poly ICLC in combination with bleomycin for anticancer therapy.
The Trickle-Down Effect of Institutional Vision: Vision Statements and Academic Advising

A description of the kinds of educated humans to be cultivated at a particular institution can be found in the college or university vision statement. The extent that vision is reflected in the governing models of advising operations, known by personnel, and transformed into day-to-day activities was assessed through a NACADA membership survey. Findings suggest a significant disconnect between the lofty educational aspirations and priorities stated in vision statements and the pragmatics of academic advising operations. The trickle-down effect of institutional vision through advising units is further impeded by a lack of access to and familiarity with vision statements, particularly at large, public institutions. Increased advising-supervisor access to upper administration and more carefully crafted vision statements can make visions actionable. Relative Emphasis: theory, practice, research
Generalized Bernstein property and gravitational strings in Born?Infeld theory

Motivated by Born–Infeld geometric electromagnetic theory, we consider a series of nonlinear equations which extend the minimal surface equations and the related, generalized, Bernstein problems. We study the relation of these equations and the conditions which lead to the triviality of the solutions. We also study a non-Abelian extension of these equations and establish a gap theorem for the Yang–Mills–Born–Infeld fields. We then couple the Born–Infeld electromagnetism with a Higgs scalar field and obtain an existence theorem for the self-dual multiple cosmic string solutions on a closed surface characterized jointly by the first Chern class and the Thom class formulated over the hosting complex line bundle.
Community Colleges: Miimiuniversities or Opportunity Centers?

Abstract Two types of community colleges are described, one serving as a miniuniversity and the other as an opportunity center. The academic progress of 750 students from four community colleges, two classified as miniuniversities and two as opportunity centers, was compared in terms of (a) persistence, and (b) success after transferring to a senior institution. Institutions classified as opportunity centers were found to graduate a greater proportion of their students than did the miniuniversities. Academic performance after transferring to a senior institution was equivalent for students graduating from either type of institution. It is concluded that large numbers of community college students are unnecessarily discouraged and thereby deterred from higher education by community colleges that operate as miniuniversities and that the needs of most community college students are better served by the opportunity center.
Similarity solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations invariant to a family of affine groups

This paper deals with the similarity solutions of second-order partial differential equations in one dependent and two independent variables that are invariant to a one-parameter family of one-parameter affine (stretching) groups. (Similarity solutions are solutions of the partial differential equation that are invariant to one group of the family.) The similarity solutions can be calculated merely by solving an ordinary differential equation of second order. It is shown that this ordinary differential equation is itself invariant to a group of affine transformations. This allows use of a theorem of Lie's, according to which the second-order ordinary differential equation can be reduced to one of first order. So the computational task for the class of problems considered here can be reduced to the solution of a first-order ordinary differential equation. An example, referring to heat transport in superfluid helium (HE-II), is worked in detail.
Perceptions of the sky in five metropolitan areas

Abstract Throughout history the sky has inspired and excited, induced a sense of tranquility and provoked feelings of fear and uncertainty in human kind. It provides a setting for viewing birds and planes, enframes scenic vistas, informs about meteorological phenomena and has had spiritual connotations since the earliest times of recorded history. This paper reports on a study of metropolitan area residents' perceptions of the sky. Questions of awareness of the sky and potential differences in regional perceptions are explored. A brief historical review is presented highlighting how, at various times in the distant and recent past, the sky has been valued and perceived both as an object, as a background or setting against which objects are viewed, as a source of information and as a symbol. These images and perceptions provide a general framework for subsequent discussion of perceptions of residents of five metropolitan areas.
Enhanced proliferation of WI38 cells in the presence of glucocorticoid-conditioned medium

The addition of hydrocortisone (HC) or dexamethasone (DEX) to WI38 cells at subcultivation is known to result in increased saturation densities (20-40%). We report that maximal increases in saturation density are, however, only observed if HC is added to the culture shortly after subcultivation. We have found that the proliferative response of WI38 cells to glucocorticoids is mediated by a secondary stimulatory factor(s) present in medium-conditioned by cells in the presence of the hormone. Control cultures refed with medium conditioned in the presence of HC for the first 24 h after seeding (24 h HC-CM) achieve saturation densities 20-40% higher than cultures refed with either medium conditioned in the absence of the hormone (24 h CM) or 24 h CM supplemented with fresh HC. Furthermore, WI38 cultures remain responsive to the stimulatory activity present in 24 h HC-CM throughout the growth cycle. The stimulatory effects of 24 h HC-CM are enhanced by repeatedly refeeding cultures; WI38 cells refed every 2 days with 24 h HC-CM demonstrate an extended period of logarithmic growth and achieve densities 2-3 times higher than controls. A preliminary characterization of this activity shows it to be of low molecular weight (MW) (dialyzable using 12 000 MW cut-off tubing) and heat-stable (75 degrees C).
Three-dimensional flow structure along simultaneously pitching and rotating wings: effect of pitch rate

The flow structure along a simultaneously pitching and rotating wing is investigated using quantitative flow visualization. Imaging is performed for a range of pitch rates, with emphasis on the three-dimensional structure during start-up and relaxation. Surfaces of transparent iso-Q and helicity are employed to interpret the flow physics. The onset and development of the components of the vortex system, i.e., the leading-edge, tip, and trailing-edge vortices, are strongly influenced by the value of pitch rate relative to the rotation rate. Comparisons at the same angle of attack indicate that the formation of vortical structures is delayed with increasing pitch rate. However, comparisons at the same rotation angle for different values of pitch rate reveal similar flow structures, thereby indicating predominance of rotation effects. Extreme values of pitch rate can lead to radically different sequences of development of the components of the three-dimensional vortex system. Nevertheless, consistently positive vorticity flux is maintained through these components and the coherence of the vortex system is maintained.
Condensation and boiling: Corrections to homogeneous nucleation theory for nonideal gases

Abstract The equations for homogeneous nucleation in the processes of condensation and boiling are derived from a single common starting point and are then generalized to include the effects of gas phase nonideality. The idea is presented that one can exactly account for all phase nonidealities by considering the gas to be composed of a mixture of monomers, dimers, trimers, etc., called i-mers. For condensation it is shown that the rate of nucleation should be expressed in terms of monomer supersaturation ratio p 1c p 1∞ (i.e., the fugacity ratio) and that a sa result deviations from ideality have a marked effect on the rate of nucleation. For boiling, the effects of the nonideality of the gas inside the bubbles is limited to pre-exponential terms in the equation for the rate of nucleation and we conclude that the effects are usually not significant.
Benchmarking a Visual-Basic based multi-component one-dimensional reactive transport modeling tool

We present the details of a comprehensive numerical modeling tool, RT1D, which can be used for simulating biochemical and geochemical reactive transport problems. The code can be run within the standard Microsoft EXCEL Visual Basic platform, and it does not require any additional software tools. The code can be easily adapted by others for simulating different types of laboratory-scale reactive transport experiments. We illustrate the capabilities of the tool by solving five benchmark problems with varying levels of reaction complexity. These literature-derived benchmarks are used to highlight the versatility of the code for solving a variety of practical reactive transport problems. The benchmarks are described in detail to provide a comprehensive database, which can be used by model developers to test other numerical codes. The VBA code presented in the study is a practical tool that can be used by laboratory researchers for analyzing both batch and column datasets within an EXCEL platform.
TU-SAM-304A-02: Clinical Considerations of the ACR MRI Accreditation Program

In October, 2008, the ACR MRI Accreditation Program was updated to a more flexible, modular process. The ACR MR Accreditation process includes the initial application, and the submission of clinical and phantom images and forms. The medial physicist plays a critical role in the accreditation process, along with the lead technologist and the supervising radiologist. A team approach is necessary to ensure that all information is accurate and appropriate for the examinations (both clinical and phantom) submitted for accreditation. The medical physicist should assist the facility in assessing the condition of the scanner as well as optimizing the clinical protocols. This lecture will provide a brief overview of the application steps, and some of the most common problems encountered during clinical portion of the accreditation submission. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the basics of the ACR MR Accreditation process. 2. Understand the relationship of the medical physicist in this process as it relates to clinical protocols. 3. Understand some of the most common pitfalls and misconceptions in the accreditation process.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Novel Al-5.4Si-0.5Mg Welding Wire

An Al-5.4Si-0.5Mg filler wire was developed and produced by direct chill (DC) casting, extrusion, and roll-die and hole-die drawing for the welding of newly developed Mg-containing high-Si aluminum alloys. The Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy plates were butt-welded by tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG) method using the as-produced welding wire. The microstructures and mechanical properties of these welded joints in different solid solution and artificial aging treatment conditions were studied to evaluate the weld qualities of the novel welding wire. The results showed that the Al-5.4Si-0.5Mg welding wire was an ideal special welding wire of the Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy and the filler metal proved to be heat-treatable. The welded joints exhibited much higher mechanical properties after the post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). All of this provides the possibility of wide application of the novel Al-5.4Si-0.5Mg welding wire and the Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy weldments.
Simulations of microstructural evolution: anisotropic growth and coarsening

Abstract Two-dimensional calculations of anisotropic growth and coarsening are illustrated. This model is intended to simulate the development of microstructure in materials like silicon nitride. The model is comprised of an ensemble of polygonal particles with anisotropic surface energies and growth mobilities. Particle growth is modeled by linear kinetics with a driving force proportional to a difference between local supersaturation and an equilibrium chemical potential which depends on particle geometry and surface tension. The competition for solute for particle growth is calculated via the diffusion equation, and conservation laws determine the strength of sources (or sinks) in the diffusion equation. Statistics of particles size distributions are obtained and regimes of kinetic behavior are related to transitions from non-equilibrium to near-equilibrium kinetics. Computed microstructures are qualitatively comparable to those observed experimentally.
Concise total synthesis of (+/-)-salinosporamide A, (+/-)-cinnabaramide A, and derivatives via a bis-cyclization process: implications for a biosynthetic pathway?

4-Alkylidene-β-lactones (hetero ketene dimers) and α-amino acids are useful precursors for total syntheses of the β-lactone-containing proteasome inhibitors salinosporamide A, cinnabaramide A, and derivatives. A key step is a nucleophile-promoted, bis-cyclization of keto acids that simultaneously generates the γ-lactam and β-lactone of these natural products. This reaction sequence may have implications for the biosynthesis of these natural products.
The universal modality, the center of a Heyting algebra, and the Blok–Esakia theorem

Abstract We introduce the bimodal logic S4.Grz u , which is the extension of Bennett’s bimodal logic S4 u by Grzegorczyk’s axiom □ ( □ ( p → □ p ) → p ) → p and show that the lattice of normal extensions of the intuitionistic modal logic WS5 is isomorphic to the lattice of normal extensions of S4.Grz u , thus generalizing the Blok–Esakia theorem. We also introduce the intuitionistic modal logic WS5.C, which is the extension of WS5 by the axiom ∀ ( p ∨ ¬ p ) → ( p → ∀ p ) , and the bimodal logic S4.Grz u C , which is the extension of Shehtman’s bimodal logic S4 u C by Grzegorczyk’s axiom, and show that the lattice of normal extensions of WS5.C is isomorphic to the lattice of normal extensions of S4.Grz u C .
Successful treatment of radiation-induced optic neuropathy

Radiation-induced optic neuropathy is a rare but devastating side effect after radiation treatment. The treatment options for radiation-induced optic neuropathy have been limited and largely unsuccessful. A review of the literature was conducted to summarize the rationale and possible benefits of various treatments for radiation-induced optic neuropathy.
Influence of Trees on Residential Property Values in Athens, Georgia (U.S.A. ) : A Survey based on Actual Sales Prices

Abstract A survey of the sales of 844 single family residential properties in Athens, Georgia, U.S.A., indicated that landscaping with trees was associated with 3.5%–4.5% increase in sales prices. During the 1978–1980 study period, the average house sold for about $38 100 (in 1978 constant dollars) and had five trees in its front yard. The average sales price increase due to trees was between $1475 and $1750 ($2869 and $3073 in 1985 dollars) and was largely due to trees in the intermediate and large size classes, regardless of species. This increase in property value results in an estimated increase of $100 000 (1978 dollars) in the city's property tax revenues.
The effect of conical adapters and choice of reference microphone when using the two-load method for measuring muffler transmission loss

Abstract Both the two-load and two-source methods are commonly used to determine the transmission loss of a muffler or silencer. The two-load method is more commonly applied if one of the commercially available impedance tubes is adopted. Accordingly, the work presented is aimed at establishing best practices when using the two-load method for impedance tube setups. First, conical adapters are sometimes used to transition between impedance tubes and the muffler. It is demonstrated that the effect of adding conical adapters is significant at low frequencies especially if the adapter is short in length. The effect of changing the length of the adapter was examined via measurement and plane wave theory. Secondly, the selection of algorithm for computing the transmission loss is investigated. Transmission loss may be determined by first calculating either the transfer or scattering matrix. It is shown that either algorithm gives equivalently good results provided that measurements are made using four microphones simultaneously. However, the choice of reference microphone is shown to be more important if only two microphones are used. In that case, it was found that measurements are improved by selecting a downstream microphone as a reference instead of an upstream microphone. An explanation is provided, and an error analysis was performed to confirm this.
Annihilation rate and scaling in a two-dimensional system of charged particles.

We study numerically the dynamic evolution of a two-dimensional system of charged particles which interact with a logarithmic potential, move with constant mobility, and annihilate on contact with an opposite charge. It is shown that in the diffusive regime, at high temperature where Brownian motion dominates, the number density decay is described by a power law with the exponent -0.55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05, which is in agreement with theoretical result -0.5. In the deterministic regime, where motion is controlled by the interparticle forces, the exponent is -0.90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. A simple scaling hypothesis is suggested to explain this unusual exponent.
Sugar Acetates as Novel, Renewable CO2-philes

Acetylation of carbohydrates is proposed as a method for the synthesis of inexpensive CO2-philes that can easily be modified for a wide variety of green chemistry applications in liquid and supercritical CO2. The deliquescence of peracetylated sugars in contact with CO2 is reported in this communication as well as the unparalleled solubility of these compounds in supercritical CO2.
Nominalized Matter: Agency of Material:

This paper investigates making as a process that brings together diverse materials and combines their flow in anticipation of what might emerge. Ingold calls this approach the textility of making, which gives priority to the formation of materials as a process, in which form is generated through interventions within fields of forces and currents of materials - not through a predefined notion of an ideal outcome. The approach opposes the Aristotelian hylomorphic approach, which focuses on final products. This paper investigates textiles techniques and their potential for simultaneously creating ornamental and structural systems. This work is conducted through a sequence of architecture design studios, producing the case studies found in this paper. Within the paper different examples of textile systems are introduced ranging from a Semperian approach (wall as dress) to form finding experiments with active textile materials - demonstrating the potential for methods utilizing material agency to inform archit...
Nonlinear, two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic calculations

A nonlinear, time-dependent, hydromagnetic model is developed. The model is based on the eight partial differential equations of resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The equations are expressed as a set of conservation laws which are written in general, orthogonal, curvilinear coordinates in two space dimensions. No assumption about the ordering of terms is made. The resulting equations are then solved by the method of finite differences on an Eulerian mesh. We develop spatial finite-difference techniques which guarantee the simultaneous conservation of the desired physical quantities throughout the course of the calculation. Conservative boundary conditions on thermodynamic quantities at a conducting boundary are derived, and special algorithms are developed for advancing the solution at a singular boundary. For the temporal differencing, we use the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. We apply our model to the difficult case of resistive instabilities. We present results relevant to the nonlinear evolution of these modes in three distinct coordinate systems. One of these cases depends on finite plasma pressure, and can be studied only with a general model such as that presented here.
Measuring and Controlling Torsional Vibrations and Stick-Slip in a Viscous-Damped Drillstring Model

Failure of drillstring components due to torsional stresses are caused by torsional vibrations. This paper investigates the response of the drillstring to torsional vibrations through analysis on an elemental stepped-shaft drillstring model in a damped medium. The paper directs its analysis to the stick-slip motion which is the most common form of torsional vibrations in drillstrings; stick-slip motion is defined as the continuous stopping and release of the bit/BHA due to the irregular downhole rotation prompted by the existing relationship between the frictional torque and the torque applied from the surface to free the bit.
Antihemorrhagic vitamin effect of honey.

SummaryBuckwheat, alfalfa and mixed honeys when fed incorporated in basal ration to vitamin K depleted chicks were found to possess a definite antihemorrhagic activity equal to approximately 0.25 μg of 2-methyl-1,4 naphthoquinone per gram of honey. The antihemorrhagic activity of honey was greatly lowered when honey was administered in an aqueous solution directly to the vitamin K depleted chicks.It was demonstrated that the antihemorrhagic activity of 2 -methyl-1,4 naphthoquinone is reduced about 3 times when fed in aqueous suspension. The antihemorrhagic activity of alfalfa hay in water suspension was practically nil while with an addition of 2 drops ethyl laurate, the prothrombin time was quite satisfactory.
Evolution of simple sequence repeats

Abstract Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are common and frequently polymorphic in eukaryote DNA. Many are subject to high rates of length mutation in which a gain or loss of one repeat unit is most often observed. Can the observed abundances and their length distributions be explained as the result of an unbiased random walk, starting from some initial repeat length? In order to address this question, we have considered two models for an unbiased random walk on the integers, n (n0 ⩽ n). The first is a continuous time process (Birth and Death Model or BDM) in which the probability of a transition to n + 1 or n − 1 is λk, with k = n − n0 + 1 per unit time. The second is a discrete time model (Random Walk Model or RWM), in which a transition is made at each time step, either to n − 1 or to n + 1. In each case the walks start at length n0, with new walks being generated at a steady rate, S, the source rate, determined by a base substitution rate of mutation from neighboring sequences. Each walk terminates whenever n reaches n0 − 1 or at some time, T, which reflects the contamination of pure repeat sequences by other mutations that remove them from consideration, either because they fail to satisfy the criteria for repeat selection from some database or because they can no longer undergo efficient length mutations. For infinite T, the results are particularly simple for N(k), the expected number of repeats of length n = k + n0 − 1, being, for BDM, N(k) = S/kλ, and for RWM, N(k) = 2S. In each case, there is a cut-off value of k for finite T, namely k = Tλ ln2 for BDM and k = 0.57√T for RWM; for larger values of k, N(k) becomes rapidly smaller than the infinite time limit. We argue that these results may be compared with SSR length distributions averaged over many loci, but not for a particular locus, for which founder effects are important. For the data of Beckmann & Weber [(1992), Genomics 12, 627] on GT·AC repeats in the human, each model gives a reasonable fit to the data, with the source at two repeat units (n0 = 2). Both the absolute number of loci and their length distribution are well represented.
The Use of Ensemble-Based Data Preprocessing Techniques for Software Defect Prediction

Software defect prediction models that use software metrics such as code-level measurements and defect data to build classification models are useful tools for identifying potentially-problematic program modules. Effectiveness of detecting such modules is affected by the software measurements used, making data preprocessing an important step during software quality prediction. Generally, there are two problems affecting software measurement data: high dimensionality (where a training dataset has an extremely large number of independent attributes, or features) and class imbalance (where a training dataset has one class with relatively many more members than the other class). In this paper, we present a novel form of ensemble learning based on boosting that incorporates data sampling to alleviate class imbalance and feature (software metric) selection to address high dimensionality. As we adopt two different sampling methods (Random Undersampling (RUS) and Synthetic Minority Oversampling (SMOTE)) in the technique, we have two forms of our new ensemble-based approach: selectRUSBoost and selectSMOTEBoost. To evaluate the effectiveness of these new techniques, we apply them to two groups of datasets from two real-world software systems. In the experiments, four learners and nine feature selection techniques are employed to build our models. We also consider versions of the technique which do not incorporate feature selection, and compare all four techniques (the two different ensemble-based approaches which utilize feature selection and the two versions which use sampling only). The experimental results demonstrate that selectRUSBoost is generally more effective in improving defect prediction performance than selectSMOTEBoost, and that the techniques with feature selection do help for getting better prediction than the techniques without feature selection.
The effect of pentachlorophenol on the adenosinetriphosphatase and contractile properties of psoas-muscle preparations

Abstract Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in contrast to 2, 4 -dinitrophenol, powerfully inhibited the adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of homogenates and glycerol-treated fiber-bundles of rabbit psoas muscle. In a concentration of 5 · 10 −3 M PCP inhibited the dephosphorylation of ATP in the fibers approximately 89% when added simultaneously with the substratel complete inhibition was obtained after pretreatment of the muscle preparations with the halophenol. Under similar conditions of concentration and pretreatment, PCP also suppressed contraction of psoas-muscle models. Pentachlorophenol (5 · 10 −2 M ) when used alone, induced contraction of the psoas models, but the extent of this contraction was diminished in the presence of Mg ++ and K + . The effect of PCP upon the ATPase activity of myosin B was examined also. With the myosin B preparations, pentachlorophenol displayed the dual effect characteristic of its action on mitochondrial ATPase, i.e. , stimulation at low concentrations (5 · 10 −5 m ) and powerful inhibition at higher concentrations (10 −3 m ). The ethylenediaminetetraacetate-stimulated enzyme was much more sensitive to inhibitory action of PCP than the calcium-activated enzyme. The effect of pentachlorophenol is interpreted as possible interference with the binding of ATP to the muscle protein.
Multiply branched replicative intermediates in E. coli and bacteriophage lambda.

Multiple branched DNA fragments present in a fast sedimenting complex comprising a minute fraction of the E. coli genome have been isolated. Similar structures were also observed among bacteriophage λ DNA replicative intermediates after infection of synchronized E. coli cells. These structures were found to be associated with the amino acid and thymidine starvation steps required for synchronization and originate either by initiation from secondary sites or by snap-back of daughter strands containing substantial single stranded regions in the vicinity of the growing point.
Analysis of the correlations between atmospheric boundary-layer and free-tropospheric temperatures in the tropics

[1] We investigate the vertical correlations between temperature variations at 925 hPa, in the atmospheric boundary layer, and temperature variations in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere in the Tropics in daily and monthly averaged satellite and radiosonde measurements and in six General Circulation Models (GCMs). The results show generally positive correlations between the boundary layer temperatures and temperatures in the rest of the troposphere, with negative correlations occurring around the tropopause and in the lower stratosphere. In typically non-convective regions, the variations at the surface show little connection to mid and upper tropospheric temperature variations. In the convective Western Pacific, the correlations are low in the mid troposphere and much larger around 200 hPa. GCMs generally capture the temperature correlations, although as a group they tend to overpredict the coupling between the boundary layer and the rest of the troposphere. The basic correlation patterns of monthly temperature are found similar to the daily results.
Fluoxetine and restless legs syndrome.

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly prescribed worldwide for the treatment of depression. It has been associated with several neurological adverse reactions, including anxiety, sexual dysfunction, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and various extrapyramidal side effects (Coulter and Pillans, 1995; Gram, 1994). Among the myriad of complications, a relationship between fluoxetine and pre-existing restless legs syndrome (Ekbom, 1960) has not been previously described. A patient has come to my attention who developed a dose-dependent exacerbation of pre-existing, mild restless legs syndrome requiring discontinuation of fluoxetine. Case report. A 22-year-old woman presented with complaints of an episodic problem with discomfort of both legs. She reported an approximately weekly, annoying sensation of ‘restlessness’ of the legs, which would lead to an irresistible need to rub or move them. The symptoms would typically develop while seated or supine, such as while lying in bed to sleep, taking a long automobile ride, or sitting at a movie theater, nearly always in the late evening or night. Leg movements, such as flexion, stretching, bicycling motions, standing or pacing would provide relief. She denied hypomania, jitteriness, tremulousness, or generalized restlessness. The symptoms arose two weeks after she began taking fluoxetine (20 mg per day) for depression and became considerably worse after the dose was increased to 40 mg per day. She recalled as an adolescent having similar problems with restlessness of the legs which were considerably more mild, occurring no more frequently than monthly, and not prompting medical attention. For the past decade, since her late teenage years,
How professors develop as teachers

Like the learning abilities of their students, the teaching abilities of college professors seem to develop in stages. In this paper I want to offer an account of how this development sometimes, and perhaps often, proceeds. Typically, when they begin their teaching careers, professors focus their concern primarily on their own role in the classroom (stage I: self). When they have mastered this role, at least to their own satisfaction, the focus of their concern shifts, first to their understanding of the subject matter they teach (stage 2: subject) and then to their students" ability to absorb what they have been taught (stage 3: student). With this last shift comes a more general shift of focus from teaching to learning, that begins, in stage 3, with a focus on helping their students become more absorbent (stage 3: student as receptive). Concern then typically shifts to helping students learn to use what they have been taught (stage 4: student as active) and then to helping them to learn on their own (stage 5: student as independent). My account of this development is based on the informal observation of a few cases and it suggests a framework for thinking about the development of professors as teachers. With further work, it might lead to theories that will describe what does happen and predict what will happen.
Shepherding Science & Technology Studies Beyond Matthew and Matilda

From the perspective of a scholar invested in understanding how racial politics influence the ways technoscientific artifacts, practices, and knowledge continually reshape multiple social configurations, I find Dr. Hofmanner’s paper to be a welcome and important contribution. By moving beyond Robert K. Merton’s Matthew Effect and Margaret W. Rossiter’s Matilda Effect to interrogate the manner in which Western ways of thinking historically dominate flows of scientific knowledge production, Hofmanner’s essay shifts and refocuses the collective analytical lens of Science & Technology Studies to acknowledge and accept the roles that Africa—materially, conceptually, and metaphorically—has played and will play in the production of regimes of scientific truth, authenticity, and expertise.
Spatial Dynamics of Optimal Management in Bioeconomic Systems

We develop a computationally efficient methodology to evaluate optimal management in a spatially and temporally dynamic bioeconomic system. The method involves standard techniques from the macroeconomics literature to calculate approximately optimal linear decision rules. Iterations between the decision rules and the nonlinear biological system produce optimal transition paths over space and time. We then apply the methodology to forest management over a $$6\times 6$$ 6 × 6 spatial grid where a pest insect (mountain pine beetles) preys on trees that provide a wide array of ecosystem services. The method is sufficiently general to be applicable to a wide range of spatially and temporally dynamic economic systems.
Elevation of Serum Corticosterone Concentrations in Rats by Pergolide and Other Dopamine Agonists

Pergolide, a dopamine agonist, elevated serum corticosterone concentrations in rats. The elevation was dose dependent, a maximum effect being produced at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, ip. The serum corticosterone concentration was highest 30–60 min after pergolide injection and had returned to normal by 4 h. Spiperone and haloperidol, known dopamine antagonists, blocked the increase in serum corticosterone. Metergoline and mianserin did not alter the increase in serum corticosterone caused by pergolide, but these serotonin antagonists prevented the increase caused by quipazine, a serotonin agonist. Haloperidol did not influence serum corticosterone elevation by quipazine, but spiperone partially antagonized quipazine's effect atdoses higher than those required to prevent the effect of pergolide (spiperone is known to block some serotonin receptors as well as dopamine receptors). The ED 50 for spiperone in antagonizing serum corticosterone elevation by pergolide was 0.003– 0.01 mg/kg whereas the EDr,o for spiperone...
Low-tension Glaucoma in Identical Twins

Inquiries to Steven Ofner, M.D., Eugene Eye Care Associates, P.C., 1415 Pearl St., Eugene, OR 97401. Congenital glaucoma in identical twins has been observed, as has primary open-angle glaucoma in monozygotic twin pairs, but lowtension glaucoma in identical twins has not been well documented. In a large study of twins with chronic open-angle glaucoma, 29 monozygotic and 79 dizygotic pairs were studied. In another large study of the incidence of ocular disease in twins, low-tension glaucoma was not described. However, intraocular pressure criteria were probably part of the study. An autosomal dominant form of low-tension glaucoma has been previously described. We managed a case of low-tension glaucoma in identical twins. A 44-year-old woman was referred for examination after routine automated perimetry disclosed an abnormality in the visual field. Her ocular and medical history were noncontributory. Her identical twin sister was also healthy. Ocular examination showed a visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes. The left eye had an afferent pupillary defect. There were inferior iris transillumination defects in both eyes without Krukenberg's spindles. Gonioscopy showed the iridocorneal angle to be open 360 degrees to the scierai spur with mild trabecular pigmentation. The optic disk had a cup/disk ratio of 0.7 in both eyes, with a splinter hemorrhage at the disk margin in the superotemporal portion of the left eye. Static threshold perimetry disclosed a dense inferonasal step in the left eye that corresponded with the disk hemorrhage. The visual field in the right eye showed an inferonasal depression of retinal sensitivity. The highest intraocular pressure measured was 21 mm Hg in both eyes during an all-day diurnal curve study. The lowest intraocular pressures were 16 mm Hg in the right eye and 17 mm Hg in the left eye. Intraocular pressure decreased to 13 mm Hg in the right eye and 15 mm Hg in the left eye while the patient was instilling timolol 0.5% twice a day in both eyes. Subsequently, the patient's asymptomatic, identical twin sister was examined. Results of her ocular examination were similar to those of her twin sister, except her pupillary responses were normal. No iris transillumination defects were noted. The optic disk showed a cup/disk ratio of 0.7, with some sloping temporally in both eyes. A large splinter hemorrhage was present superotemporally in the right eye, which was contralateral to the eye of her twin sister. Results of static threshold perimetry were normal in the left eye, but showed an inferonasal defect in the right eye. Results of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits with gadolinium contrast were within normal limits as were results of a complete physical examination and carotid artery duplex scanning for each twin sister. The highest intraocular pressures measured were 21 mm Hg in the right eye and 19 mm Hg in the left eye during an all-day diurnal curve study. The lowest intraocular pressures were 18 mm Hg in the right eye and 15 mm Hg in the left eye. The
A facile preparation of ICF2CF2I and its reaction with ethylene

Abstract A facile preparation of ICF2CF2I in high yield is carried out using a halogen lamp. In a similar manner, ICF2CF2I reacts with ethylene to give ICH2CH2CF2CF2CH2CH2I.
Training-set-based performance measures for data-adaptive decisioning systems

Performance measures are derived for data-adaptive hypothesis testing by systems trained on stochastic data. The measures consist of the averaged performance of the system over the ensemble of training sets. The training set-based measures are contrasted with maximum aposteriori probability (MAP) test measures. It is shown that the training set-based and MAP test probabilities are equal if the training set is proportioned according to the prior probabilities of the hypotheses. Applications of training set-based measures are suggested for neural net and training set design.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Mathematical Model of the Cardiac Chronotropic Response to Exercise

A mathematical model was developed from data collected from 410 normal subjects in order to describe the normal cardiac Chronotropic response to exercise. Subjects were examined by treadmill testing on either the Bruce protocol (189 patients) or the Chronotropic Assessment Exercise Protocol (CAEP) (221 patients), The CAEP, designed specifically for chronotropic assessment, is structured to collect heart rate data at submaximal as well as peak exercise intensities. Analysis of these subjects, without evidence of medical illness or cardiac medications, found the heart rate response to be a function of exercise intensity, age, resting heart rate, and maximal functional capacity. Heart rate reserve (HRR) was defined as the difference betii'een maximal predicted heart rate (MPHR) and resting heart (HRrest). Metabolic reserve was defined as the difference between the maximally achieved workload (METSpeak) and the workload at rest (METSrest). The Bruce and CAEP data provided a statistically linear and identical response of the form y = mx + b. The Bruce equation was %HRR = 0.95 ×%MR + 3.4 and the CAEP equation is %HRR = 0.94 ×%MR + 4.55. The following formula describes the normal predicted heart rate for an individual at some submaximal stage of exercise: HRstage= [(220 - age -HRrest) × (METSstage - 1)/(METSpeak - 1)] + HRrest. We conclude that the cardiac chronotropic response can be modeled as a simple linear mathematical function of exercise intensity, age, resting heart rate, and maximal functional capacity, and is independent of type of treadmill exercise protocol in normal subjects.
Covalent ladder formation becomes kinetically trapped beyond four rungs

Scrambling experiments suggest that the self-assembly of 2D ladders viaimine metathesis is kinetically trapped at four or more rungs. Consequently, ladders containing five or more rungs cannot be synthesized in high yield under the conditions used, as misaligned out-of-register byproducts cannot self-correct.
A model for microwave intensity propagation in an inhomogeneous medium

A combined analytic and phenomenological approach, utilizing Maxwell's equations in the Born approximation with radiative transfer theory, is used to describe the propagation of microwave intensity in a scattering medium characterized by three-dimensional random fluctuations in refractive index, as well as nonrandom variations in permittivity, temperature, and loss. This approach yields microwave intensities as a function of polarization, direction, and position. Numerical techniques are presented to solve the transport equations, which include cases of spatially varying coefficients, and highly peaked phase functions. Some computed results illustrating the behavior of microwave intensity in various media are presented. Included are the angular and frequency spectra of thermal emission from semi-infinite media, and the diffuse transmission and reflection response of a scattering layer. The effects of scatterer geometry and scale sizes; correlation function; and gradients in temperature, loss, and scattering parameters are also demonstrated. This model should be particularly useful in interpreting active and passive remote sensing data.
Are main lines and mobile phones substitutes or complements? Evidence from Africa

Abstract Many developed and developing countries have approached telecommunications reform by opening the market for mobile telephones to private participation and competition. One result of this strategy is the astounding worldwide growth in mobile communications, with developing countries accounting for the fastest growth. It is believed that mobile phones are complementary to fixed-line telephony in developed countries, but they appear to be substitutes for main lines in developing regions where access is low or non-existent. This paper examines the relationship between mobile and main-line telephones by accounting for reverse causality between them in an environment with low levels of development. The results suggest that mobile telephones act as a competitive force encouraging fixed-line providers to improve access. It is possible that mobile and main lines are sometimes substitutes, and at other times complements in consumption, even where fixed-line access is low.
Tape Peel Testing as a Simple Method to Evaluate Interfacial Adhesion of Sputtered Thin Layers of Various Metals

The quality and reliability of electronic systems depend on the integrity of interfacial adhesion. Adhesion is critical at all electronics assembly levels. Material layers on a chip, package and system need to have excellent adhesion to each other. Thin films are an integral part of chip devices and also are necessary at other levels of electronic systems. The quality and reliability of their interfacial adhesion defines the quality and reliability of the finished product. To assure interfacial adhesion integrity, numerous measurement techniques are employed. Most of these measurement techniques require the use of sophisticated and expensive equipment. Of the simpler techniques, one is tape peel testing which usually is used as a go no-go screening test. This paper outlines its application as a valid quantifiable evaluation tool. In this narrative, testing setup and measurement procedure is outlined for tape peel testing. The procedure was used successfully to evaluate and choose pretreatments to enhance interfacial adhesion of sputtered thin layers of various metals. It is shown that the procedure provided results which could be validated through subsequent thick film peel testing. Thin films are used industry-wide in applications other than electronic systems, therefore, this study is applicable industry-wide providing a quantifiable method to measure thin film adhesion.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Application of Real Options to Evaluate the Development Process of New Aircraft Models

Investment decisions in the development and production of new aircraft models is difficult because of the technical and market uncertainties associated with such a complex process. The accompanying risks can be mitigated through a flexible approach that incorporates several decision points at different stages of the process. Therefore, as the project evolves, management will be able to diagnose its progress, compare it to previous expectations, and decide to continue or not. In this paper, we present a methodology to evaluate flexible business strategies that is based on real options analysis (ROA) and Monte Carlo simulation. This methodology takes into account the flexibility that managers have to affect the success of any given project and, therefore, it provides a better estimate of project value. Numerical results are given for a representative process based on actual aircraft manufacturer's data.