cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Privatizing State Property

The process of privatizing state owned property assets such as agricultural or manufacturing enterprises is investigated in this paper. An optimal timing model is employed to investigate the question of the best time to privatize a state owned property asset. Beyond the optimal timing question, the paper also investigates the simultaneous question of the optimal amount of new fixed investment that should accompany privatization. In both cases, comparative static analysis is employed to determine how fluctuations in net income streams before and after privatization and tax rates that apply to land and capital improvements affect the optimal timing and capital investment decisions. The results provide important insights for the design of privatization policies.
Experience in undergraduate research in communications

This paper summarizes one professor's personal experience in overseeing undergraduate research in communication systems and theory at Loyola Marymount University. Even with careful planning the undergraduate research attempts were successful only in some exceptional cases. As a general matter, students generally were enthusiastic about the idea of performing research at the University. However, when students were asked to commit themselves to actually perform the research, most students declined to do so because of insufficient theoretical preparation, class overloading and financial disadvantages. This paper identifies these obstacles and disadvantages and suggests possible remedies as well.
Molecular events in close proximity to the membrane associated with the binding of ligands to the Na,K-ATPase

The membrane-bound fraction of purified Na,K-ATPase was characterized following extensive proteolytic digestion in the presence of various physiological ligands which stabilize different conformational states of the sodium pump. There are distinctive conformational changes of the protein which are revealed by amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the digests following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The changes in cleavage patterns result from alterations in domain-domain interactions of the protein. We provide evidence in the alpha-subunit for (i) tight interaction between part of the cytoplasmic ATP binding domain and the membrane-bound portion of the protein; (ii) involvement of the cytoplasmic loop between M2 and M3 in structural rearrangements upon phosphorylation or ion binding; (iii) generation of the same digested products when either ouabain or potassium (rubidium) is present. Similarly, evidence is provided for conformational sensitivity of the extracellular domain of the beta-subunit. The position of the tryptic cleavage point in the beta-subunit is altered depending on whether the alpha-subunit is phosphorylated or whether rubidium ions are occluded. Based upon the conformationally dependent patterns of exposure and protection of different tryptic cleavage sites in the alpha- and beta-subunits we propose a model for intraprotein interactions within the alpha-subunit and between alpha- and beta-subunits following the binding of physiological ligands to the Na,K-ATPase.
Flora of the Orange Cliffs of Utah

The Orange Cliffs area, an area rich in oil sands deposits and defined here as part of the Colorado Plateau floristic province, harbors approximately 209 species in 123 genera and 49 families. Because of the potential of exploitation of the oil sands deposits in the area, a species checklist was made and a discussion of physical and floristic aspects of the region is given here. The flora is compared statistically to the San Rafael Swell flora, which is also a subset of the Colorado Plateau. They define six vegetation types and three edaphic communities; these are described and mapped. Of eleven endemic plant species in the Orange Cliffs, three are local and rare. Sites for Astragalus nidularius, A. moencoppensis, and Xylorhiza glabriuscula var. linearifolia are discussed and mapped. 24 references, 3 figures, 3 tables.
Positional Information in Plant Development

Cell fate determination in plants has been shown to be largely dependent upon the position of the differentiating cell in the plant body, and not by lineage. The underlying mechanisms mediating positional information in plants are beginning to be unravelled. Keywords: plasmodesmata; cell wall; transmembrane receptor kinase; signalling
Bovine Model of Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Implications for Ventricular Assist Device Research

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have emerged as a successful treatment option for advanced heart failure. The objective of this study was to develop a clinically relevant model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy to investigate functional, histological, and molecular changes during mechanical circulatory support. In calves (n = 17, 94 ± 7 kg), 90 μm microspheres were injected percutaneously into the left coronary artery. Serial echocardiography was performed weekly to evaluate cardiac function. Sixty days after coronary microembolization, a terminal study was performed via thoracotomy to measure hemodynamics. Regional myocardial and end-organ blood flows were quantified with 15-μm fluorescent-labeled microspheres. Myocardial fibrosis, myocyte size, and myocardial apoptosis were quantified with histological stains. Eleven animals survived coronary microembolization and exhibited clinical and statistically significant echocardiographic and hemodynamic signs of severe systolic dysfunction. Statistically significant decreases in regional myocardial blood flow and increases in myocardial fibrosis, myocyte size, total myocardial apoptosis, and cardiac myocyte-specific apoptosis were observed. End-organ hypoperfusion was observed. Coronary microembolization induced stable and reproducible chronic left ventricular failure in calves. The anatomical size and physiology of the bovine heart and thorax are appropriate to study novel interventions for the clinical management of heart failure. This model is an appropriate physiological substrate in which to test VAD and adjunctive biological therapies.
Evolving non-Trivial Behaviors on Real Robots: an Autonomous Robot that Picks up Objects

Recently, a new approach that involves a form of simulated evolution has been proposed for the building of autonomous robots. However, it is still not clear if this approach may be adequate to face real life problems. In this paper we will show how control systems that perform a non-trivial sequence of behaviors can be obtained with this methodology by carefully designing the conditions in which the evolutionary process operates. In the experiment described in the paper, a mobile robot is trained to locate, recognize, and grasp a target object. The controller of the robot has been evolved in simulation and then downloaded and tested on the real robot.
The MPC505 RISC microcontroller

The MPC505 microcontroller is the first implementation of a new family of microcontrollers that features a reduced instruction set (RISC) architecture based on the PowerPC architecture. The internal architecture of the MPC505 implements a 32-bit structure. This architecture provides 32-bit effective addresses, integer data types of 8-, 16-, and 32-bits and floating point data types of 32 and 64 bits. A simplified block diagram of the MPC505 is shown. The MPC505 is designed to operate at 3.3 volts. Along with power conservation features, such as clock speed reduction, the MPC505 can operate on a relatively modest power budget.
Distinguishable Particles with Negligible Interaction Energies

We derive a simplified version of the canonical ensemble developed in the next chapter. We treat a system of identical particles that can be distinguished, perhaps by position in a solid. We derive a statistical distribution of particles, each in a quantum state, by maximizing the number of ways they can be distributed among quantum states, subject to the constraint of constant total energy. This results in a most probable distribution. The probability of occupation of a given quantum state is proportional to its Boltzmann factor, the exponential of the negative of the energy of that state divided by a thermal energy. The thermal energy is the product of temperature and Boltzmann’s constant. The sum of all Boltzmann factors is called the partition function and is used to determine thermodynamic functions. Examples include two-state subsystems, harmonic oscillators, and rotations of a rigid diatomic molecule. Results are used to model heat capacities of solids and blackbody (cavity) radiation.
Solomon Receives 2007 William Bowie Medal

I am particularly pleased tonight to present Susan Solomon, who will receive one of the most prestigious AGU awards: the William Bowie Medal.
Recombination, mutation and the origin of species

A major barrier to recombination between bacterial species lies in the mismatch repair system, a complex of proteins that has evolved to proof-read freshly replicated DNA. It now appears that a second system, involving an inducible DNA recombination, repair and mutagenesis pathway, also regulates interspecies recombination, but in a positive way, being required for recombination between Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium(1). Thus the rate at which newly emerging species of bacteria diverge can be seen as a balance between a permissive state associated with inducible repair and recombination, and the proof-reading of intermediates in the recombination pathway by the mismatch correction system.
Morphology of ductile metals eroded by a jet of spherical particles impinging at normal incidence

Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy are used, together with surface profile measurements, in the present morphological study of the erosion of an aluminum alloy and copper by the normal impact of spherical glass erodent particles. The morphology of the damage pattern is a manifestation of the flow pattern of erodent particles, and yields insight into the mechanisms that may be active at different stages of erosion. The simultaneous appearance of radial cracks and concentric rings is reported, together with wave crests which contain an accumulation of metallic flakes. A preliminary analysis is advanced to explain the formation of the various damage patterns observed.
The Multidimensional Aggression Scale for the Structured Doll Play Interview.

Summary A multidimensional aggression scoring system for preschool children's responses to the structured doll play interview is described. The system, which incorporates previous investigators' findings, scales doll play responses along three dimensions of aggression: Intensity, agent, and directionality. A Spearman rank-order correlation of .92 was obtained with a previous scoring system, while interscorer reliability r ranged from .838 to 1.000. The intercorrelative structure of the present scoring system is also presented.
Genetic analysis of heat shock proteins in maize

A genetic analysis of heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis was performed in seedling leaf tissue of two maize inbred lines, their F1 hybrid and F2 progeny. Protein synthesis following a high temperature treatment was visualized by [(35)S]-methionine in vivo labelling and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The parental lines' HSP synthesis patterns revealed both qualitative and quantitative polymorphisms implicative of differences in HSP structural genes and regulatory factors. The F1 hybrid HSP profile indicated that synthesis of all parental HSPs conformed to dominant inheritance patterns, including complete dominance, over-dominance and co-dominance. Alleles for six low-molecularweight HSPs in F2 progeny assorted according to typical 3∶1 Mendelian ratios for dominant gene expression. There is evidence for unlinked gene loci of four different HSP gene pairs, but data for three other HSP gene pairs were inconclusive, perhaps reflecting linkage for one pair and complex regulatory factor interactions for the other two pairs of genes. These results clearly indicate the existence of genetic variability in HSP synthesis and emphasize the potential of partitioning their roles in thermal tolerance using genetic and molecular analyses.
Current Resistance Management Requirements for Bt Cotton in the United States

Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency has required an unprecedented insect resistance management (IRM) program for Bt cotton. The specific IRM strategies and requirements for Bt cotton (Bollgard(tm) cotton) in the United States have been developed by a coalition of stakeholders including EPA, USDA, academic scientists, public interest groups, Monsanto Company, and grower organizations. There are seven basic IRM requirements: structured refuge, resistance monitoring, remedial action plan, compliance assurance, grower education, grower agreements, and annual reports. The mandatory refuge requirements for Bollgard cotton are: (1) 5% external, unsprayed refuge option, (2) 20% external, sprayed refuge option, (3) 5% embedded refuge option, or (4) a community refuge option that may utilize the 5% external, unsprayed refuge option and/or the 20% external, sprayed refuge option. Each refuge option also has specific deployment requirements. The current registration for Cry1Ac plant-incorporate...
The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study

BackgroundA better understanding of the long-term scope and impact of the co-morbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) youth has important clinical and public health implications.MethodSubjects were assessed blindly at baseline (mean age=10.7 years), 1-year (mean age=11.9 years), 4-year (mean age=14.7 years) and 10-year follow-up (mean age=21.7 years). The subjects' lifetime diagnostic status of ADHD, ODD and CD by the 4-year follow-up were used to define four groups (Controls, ADHD, ADHD plus ODD, and ADHD plus ODD and CD). Diagnostic outcomes at the 10-year follow-up were considered positive if full criteria were met any time after the 4-year assessment (interval diagnosis). Outcomes were examined using a Kaplan–Meier survival function (persistence of ODD), logistic regression (for binary outcomes) and negative binomial regression (for count outcomes) controlling for age.ResultsODD persisted in a substantial minority of subjects at the 10-year follow-up. Independent of co-morbid CD, ODD was associated with major depression in the interval between the 4-year and the 10-year follow-up. Although ODD significantly increased the risk for CD and antisocial personality disorder, CD conferred a much larger risk for these outcomes. Furthermore, only CD was associated with significantly increased risk for psychoactive substance use disorders, smoking, and bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings support and extend previously reported findings from this sample at the 4-year follow-up indicating that ODD and CD follow a divergent course. They also support previous findings that ODD heralds a compromised outcome for ADHD youth grown up independently of the co-morbidity with CD.
Investigation into the optimal linear time-invariant lag correction for radar artifact removal

Purpose:Detector lag, or residual signal, in amorphous silicon(a-Si) flat-panel (FP) detectors can cause significant shading artifacts in cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)reconstructions. To date, most correction models have assumed a linear, time-invariant (LTI) model and lag is corrected by deconvolution with an impulse response function (IRF). However, there are many ways to determine the IRF. The purpose of this work is to better understand detector lag in the Varian 4030CB FP and to identify the IRF measurement technique that best removes the CBCT shading artifact. Methods: We investigated the linearity of lag in a Varian 4030CB a-Si FP operating in dynamic gain mode at 15 frames per second by examining the rising step-response function (RSRF) followed by the falling step-response function (FSRF) at ten incident exposures (0.5%–84% of a-Si FP saturation exposure). We implemented a multiexponential (N = 4) LTI model for lag correction and investigated the effects of various techniques for determining the IRF such as RSRF versus FSRF, exposure intensity, length of exposure, and spatial position. The resulting IRFs were applied to (1) the step-response projection data and (2) CBCT acquisitions of a large pelvic phantom and acrylic head phantom. For projection data, 1st and 50th frame lags were measured pre- and postcorrection. For the CBCTreconstructions, four pairs of ROIs were defined and the maximum and mean errors within each pair were calculated for the different exposures and step-response edge techniques. Results: A nonlinearity greater than 50% was observed in the FSRF data. A model calibrated with RSRF data resulted in overcorrection of FSRF data. Conversely, models calibrated with FSRF data applied to RSRF data resulted in undercorrection of the RSRF. Similar effects were seen when LTI models were applied to data collected at different incident exposures. Some spatial variation in lag was observed in the step-response data. For CBCTreconstructions, an average error range of 3–21 HU was observed when using IRFs from different techniques. For our phantoms and FP, the lowest average error occurred for the FSRF-based techniques at exposures of 1.6 or 3.4% a-Si FP saturation, depending on the phantom used. Conclusions: The choice of step-response edge (RSRF versus FSRF) and exposure intensity for IRF calibration could leave large residual lag in the step-response data. For the CBCTreconstructions, IRFs derived from FSRF data at low exposure intensities (1.6 and 3.4%) best removed the CBCT shading artifact. Which IRF to use for lag correction could be selected based on the object size.
A sharp form of Whitney's extension theorem

3. Order relations involving multi-indices 4. Statement of two main lemmas 5. Plan of the proof 6. Starting the main induction 7. Nonmonotonic sets 8. A consequence of the main inductive assumption 9. Setup for the main induction 10. Applying Helly's theorem on convex sets 11. A Calder6n-Zygmund decomposition 12. Controlling auxiliary polynomials I 13. Controlling auxiliary polynomials II 14. Controlling the main polynomials 15. Proof of Lemmas 9.1 and 5.2 16. A rescaling lemma 17. Proof of Lemma 5.3 18. Proofs of the theorems 19. A bound for k# References
Vindesine trials at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

Summary Vindesine has useful activity in lung and esophageal cancer. Its use in polychemotherapy regimes as initial chemotherapy in these conditions is being explored. Vindesine also has useful activity in malignant lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and germ cell neoplasms. Further study is necessary to define its role in these conditions as a complement to or replacement for vinblastine or vincristine. It has activity in malignant melanoma, head and neck carcinoma and breast carcinoma that also requires further definition.
Linear Localized Coumarin Necrosis

We report a 55-year-old man with coumarin necrosis. This drug eruption is sometimes a devastating gangrenous process in sites with abundant underlying adipose tissue. In our patient, however, it assumed an evanescent limited linear distribution on the skin, prompting this report.
Little evidence of systemic and adipose tissue inflammation in overweight individuals(

Context. The effect of weight loss by diet alone or diet in conjunction with exercise on low grade inflammation in non-obese (overweight) individuals is not known. Objective. Test the hypothesis that 24 weeks of moderate CR (25%) by diet only or with aerobic exercise would reduce markers of systemic inflammation and attenuate inflammation gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Institutional Research Center. Participants. Thirty-five overweight (BMI:27.8±0.7kg/m2) but otherwise healthy participants (16M/19F) completed the study. Intervention. Participants were randomized to either calorie restriction (CR: 25% reduction in energy intake, n=12), caloric restriction+exercise (CR+EX: 12.5% reduction in energy intake+12.5% increase in exercise energy expenditure, n=12) or control (healthy weight-maintenance diet, n=11) for 6 months. Main outcome measures. Fasting serum markers of inflammation (Leptin, hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-α) and inflammation-related genes (CD68, IL-6, TNF-α, MIF, MCP-1, Adiponectin, PAI-1) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results. CR and CR+EX lost similar amounts of body weight (-10±1%), fat mass (-24±3%), visceral fat (-27±3%) and had increased insulin sensitivity (CR:40±20%, CR+EX:66±22%). Leptin was significantly decreased from baseline (P<0.001) in both groups however TNF-α and IL-6 were not changed. hsCRP was decreased in CR+EX. There was no change in the expression of genes involved in macrophage infiltration (CD68, MIF, MCP-1, PAI-1) or inflammation (IL-6, TNF-, adiponectin) in either CR or CR+EX. Conclusion. A 10% weight loss with a 25% CR diet alone or with exercise did not impact markers of systemic inflammation or the expression of inflammation-related adipose genes in overweight individuals.
Future Perspectives in Basic Science Understanding of Congestive Heart Failure

Growing appreciation of the poor prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), which a few years ago carried a 5-year mortality of approximately 50%,’ has led to a reevaluation of the goals of therapy for this condition.2 Traditionally, treatment of the patient with heart failure has focused on the systemic manifestations of this syndrome, notably salt and water retention, and vasoconstriction. However, these circulatory adjustments to the chronically reduced output by the failing heart, which probably arose during evolution as short-term compensatory mechanisms to aid the body in surviving hemorrhage,3 represent processes that are secondary to abnormal cardiac function. compensation provided by the increased mass of overloaded myocardium, can be viewed as a “cardiomyopathy of overload” that probably plays an important role in determining the poor prognosis in patients with CHF.’ It is only recently that medical therapy has been redirected to the cause of this syndrome, the cardiac disorder itself. Whereas our ability to deal with most causes of heart failure is quite limited, growing evidence that medical therapy can improve prognosis in these patients4-6 has highlighted the importance of preventing deterioration of the heart in patients with CHF. Thus, additional understanding of the cellular abnormalities that contribute to progressive failure of the hypertrophied, failing myocardium represents a major goal for future research directed to improving long-term prognosis in these patients.2 Pathogemsis of the cardiomyopathy of overload: Although the causes of deterioration of the failing heart remain poorly understood, at least 2 pathogenetic mechanisms appear likely to play a role in this important process. The first is a state of chronic energy-starvation, which probably contributes to impaired function, as well as cell death, in the chronically overloaded heart. Second, complex changes in the composition of the hypertrophied heart may, themselves, be accompanied by abnormalities that cause the chronically overloaded myocardium to deteriorate. Cardiomyopathy of overload: The myocardial abnormalities that are responsible for progressive deterioration of the hearts of patients with CHF remain poorly understood. In some patients, notably those with cardiomyopathies, abnormalities in the cells of the myocardiurn represent the primary cause of heart failure. However, chronic overloading can itself initiate a sequence of responses that lead to deterioration and death of the cells of the heart.’ Thus, in patients with valvular heart disease or in whom portions of the left ventricle have been damaged after myocardial infarction, chronically increased work of the otherwise normal myocardium leads to progressive deterioration of the overloaded myocardial cells. However, the mechanisms by which sustained overloading causes the hypertrophied myocardial cells to deteriorate, die and become replaced by fibrous tissue are not well understood. This process, which represents an unwelcome consequence of the
Recent results on the orbitron maser

Abstract The Orbitron Maser is a device which uses negative mass unstable electrons to produce meter, millimeter, and submillimeter radiation. It can be shown to produce stable steady-state radiation with a glow discharge electron feed, and work without the presence of a two component plasma.
Reduction of waste product excretion via nutrient control: Possible strategies for maximizing product and cell yields on serum in cultures of mammalian cells

Mammalian cells grown in culture excrete lactic acid and ammonium ions in quantities that may limit growth and reduce product synthesis. Frequent replenishment of the culture medium is often necessary to prevent waste product accumulation which could inhibit cell growth. Since increased medium replenishment results in increased usage of animal serum, the most expensive raw material, excessive production of waste products lowers the cell and product yield on serum, and hence increases production costs. Strategies for reducing the production of lactic acid and ammonium bymammalian cells via controlled addition of glucose and glutamine will be demonstrated. Mathematical relations coupling ammonium and glutamine kinetics will be described. Additionally, a method for automatic on-line estimation of the cell concentration was developed. This method involves calculating the ATP production rate from the oxygen uptake rate and the lactic acid production rate. Automatic online estimation of the cell concentration is critical if nutrient levels in large-scale mammaliancell cultures are to be accurately maintained via process control.
Les voix chaudes du Grand Nord dans l’oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy

Dans l’oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy, tout comme dans beaucoup d’autres romans canadiens, on peut trouver des oppositions nettes entre la nature et la ville, entre le progres et la vie simple, entre la plaine et la montagne. Chez Gabrielle Roy, ces oppositions semblent etre profondement enracinees dans la pensee de Rousseau et donner ainsi preference a la nature, a la montagne et a la vie simple. Toutefois, une des oppositions rousseauistes, celle entre le Nord et le Sud, entre les langues du Nord et les langues du Sud, meme si elle est tres presente dans l’oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy, se trouve inversee par la romanciere canadienne, qui attribue au climat froid et inhospitalier des terres du Nord les qualites du Sud rousseauiste et de ses « langues du Sud ». Nous considerons qu’il s’agit la d’une metaphore de sa propre ecriture qui etablit un dialogue chaleureux et plein de vie entre des gens de differentes langues et cultures.
Lack of behavioral evidence for dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity after acute electroconvulsive shock

A single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) delivered 7 days previously produced a significant decrease in spontaneous locomotion and rearing in non-habituated rats but did not alter the inhibition of these behaviors produced by low dose apomorphine administration. As such apomorphine effects are thought to be mediated by dopamine (DA) autoreceptors, these data are not consistent with previous reports that the ECS treatment produces a persistent subsensitivity of DA autoreceptors.
Recollective and Nonrecollective Recall

The study of recollective and nonrecollective retrieval has become controversial, owing to several critiques of traditional recognition-based measurement (e.g., remember/know, ROC, process dissociation). We present a new methodology in which subjects merely study and recall lists, using any standard paradigm (associative, cued, free, or serial recall), the data are analyzed with a Markov model whose parameters measure recollective and nonrecollective retrieval, and the model’s fit is compared to that of one-process models. The power of this approach is illustrated in some experiments that dealt with two classic questions: (a) What are the process-level differences between associative and free recall, and (b) why does taxonomic organization improve free recall but impair associative recall? Fit results showed that a dual-retrieval model is both necessary and sufficient to account for associative and free recall data, in contrast to the sufficient-but-not-necessary pattern that prevails in the recognition literature. Key substantive findings were that associative recall is more reliant on recollective retrieval and less reliant on nonrecollective retrieval than free recall, that taxonomic organization impairs recollective retrieval in both paradigms, and that taxonomic organization enhances the reconstruction component of nonrecollective retrieval in free recall.
Of Processors and Processing: There’s more than one way to DSP

Digital signal processing is a stealth technology. It is the core enabling technology in everything from your cellphone to the Mars Rover. It goes much further than just enabling a one-time breakthrough product. It provides ever-increasing capability; compare the performance gains made by dial-up modems with the recent performance gains of DSL and cable modems. Remarkably, digital signal processing has become ubiquitous with little fanfare, and most of its users are not even aware of what it is. Therefore, it is worthwhile to look at the development history of DSP, an explanation of what the technology is, and a review of the many technologies that are used to implement modern digital signal processing systems.
Open-field behavior in mice: A diallel analysis of selected lines.

The open-field behavior of 719 mice resulting from a diallel cross among the six lines of the DeFries selection experiment was assessed. Results of several analyses employing different models and procedures were highly consistent and indicated that genes responsible for differences in open-field activity and defecation among these lines have predominantly additive effects. Estimates of heritability obtained from these analyses were considerably higher than previous estimates based on familial resemblance or the realized response to selection; thus estimation of heritability from diallel analyses is clearly unwarranted when selected lines are employed and the character of interest has been either directly or indirectly subjected to artificial selection.
Induction of hindlimb stepping movements in rats spinally transected as adults or as neonates

Rats were spinally transected as adults or as neonates. When their hindlimbs were held off the ground and tail pinch was applied, both groups of animals exhibited a strong tendency to step with alternating limbs. The most striking difference between the groups was in the rate of stepping, the neonatal spinals being significantly faster than the adult spinals. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that adult-transected rats retain a degree of locomotion-related coordination.
Asteroseismological Constraints on the Structure of the ZZ Ceti Stars L19-2 and GD 165

This study compares the theoretical pulsation periods from an extensive grid of evolutionary DA white dwarf models with the observed periods of the ZZ Ceti white dwarfs L19-2 and GD 165, in order to constrain their internal structure. Our analysis of the rotational fine-structure splitting and comparison of our theoretical periods with observations for L19-2 and GD 165 enable us to identify the observed modes as low-order l = 1 and 2 g-modes. Because the period structure of GD 165 is quite similar to that of L19-2, we believe that the interior structure of GD 165 is similar. The short period of the l = 1 118.5 s mode of L19-2 (120.4 s mode of GD 165) implies a hydrogen layer mass of about 10-4 M*, independent of constraints from the other pulsation modes. Detailed model fitting shows that L19-2 has a hydrogen layer mass of 1.0 × 10-4 M*, a helium layer mass of 1.0 × 10-2 M*, a 20 : 80 C/O core that extends out to 0.60 M*, a stellar mass of 0.72 M☉, and a rotation period of about 13 hr. The best-fitting models for GD 165 have a hydrogen layer mass of 1.5 to 2.0 × 10-4 M*, a helium layer mass of 1.5 to 2.0 × 10-2 M*, a 20 : 80 C/O core that extends out to 0.65 M*, a stellar mass of 0.65-0.68 M☉, and a rotation period of about 58 hr. In both cases, the best-fitting models are consistent with the spectroscopic log g-value, and the seismological parallax is within 1 σ of the observed parallax value.
Some Theorems on Abelian Integrals Associated with an Algebraic Variety

1. In some recent papers I have developed the theory of what I have called harmonic integrals associated with an algebraic variety. My object has been to provide an apparatus with which to investigate the properties of the classical integrals of total differentials which are finite everywhere on an algebraic variety V m of m dimensions These integrals are referred to in what follows as “Abelian integrals”, as it is desirable to have a single name to denote all integrals of this type. The usual qualification “of the first kind” is omitted, and is always to be understood. In the present paper it is shown how the theory of harmonic integrals can be applied to deduce certain results concerning Abelian integrals, and a number of interesting problems are suggested by these results.
Crystal growth, thermal analyses and electrical conductivity of CdCl2–PbCl2 system

Abstract The polycrystals of CdCl 2 –PbCl 2 (CCPC) were prepared by the high temperature method in the horizontal tubular furnace of variable temperature zone. The cell parameters were determined through proszki software using powder XRD data where the crystal system was found to be monoclinic with a =15.328(±0.005), b =5.920(±0.011), c =9.728(±0.004) A and α =90°, β =106.010(±0.037)°, γ =90°, V =848.61 A 3 . The TG analysis showed that it melts at 773 K and volatizes thereafter. The endothermic and exothermic peaks at 523 and 623 K, respectively, in DSC are due to structural change in the crystals during heating. The cell parameter of the crystal heated at 523 and 623 K and cooled to room temperature was found to be monoclinic with the same parameters given above. The temperature variation electrical conductivity of the sample in the temperature range (323–473 K) showed that there was a sudden increase in the current at 465 K and the activation energy of CCPC was found to be 0.53 eV.
ARE APNEA MONITORS WORTHWHILE

Apnea monitors have been used in intensive care nurseries since 1969, but there are no studies to show that they have any effect on morbidity, mortality, or intact survival. There are studies which document that 1) these devices report artifacts such as false alarms, movement, heart beat or vibrations from nearby equipment. They may fail to alarm when breathing stops; 2) they do not detect obstruction of the airway; 3) they are incapable of detecting such common occurrences as “broken apnea” or disorganized, “ineffective” breathing; 4) the indicators of respiratory rate are unreliable, inaccurate and rarely used; 5) they are very susceptible to improper use and thus fall to detect about 40% of apneic episodes. A study by The Emergency Care Research Inst. found them “generally unreliable.” 6) They do not detect hypoxia, the most important effect of apnea; 7) their use may result in sleep deprivation, and thus could theoretically interfere with the normal maturation of respiratory control; 8) they contribute to noise pollution. Should we not seriously question the continued uncritical use of these expensive, Ineffective devices?
Acquired inhibitors in malignant and nonmalignant disease states

Acquired inhibitors against factor VIII:C (FVIII:C) arise in nonhemophilic patients who have many associated disease states, both malignant and benign. This review emphasizes knowledge of the association with malignant diseases and places particularly close attention on the hematologic malignancies, including plasma cell dyscrasias and lymphoproliferative disorders. Characteristics of postpartum inhibitors are examined, as well as the association of inhibitor with certain drugs and dermatologie conditions. Also discussed is the experience amassed by one center over the past decade in the treatment of patients with inhibitors against FVIII:C.
Towards an object-oriented complexity metric at the runtime boundary based on decision points in code

In this paper we present a new object-oriented complexity metric at the runtime boundary, based on decision points in code. We first propose, compute and validate the metric on an open source software package, compare it with expert data and then use it to compute the runtime complexity of the software that is running three Whitebox robots using the JADE framework. We compare the results and derive conclusions.
FEV1 as a guide to lung transplant referral in young patients with cystic fibrosis

Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) is widely used to guide referral of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) for lung transplantation. We reasoned that the best FEV(1) in a 6-month period (bFEV(1)) would be a useful marker of the need for transplant referral. We examined both the rate of decline and different threshold values of bFEV(1) as prognostic indicators in young CF patients. In a case-control analysis, rates of decline in and threshold values of bFEV(1) of 28 patients dying between ages 7-18 years from 1980-1997 were compared to those of 28 age- and gender-matched controls. The threshold analysis of bFEV(1) values was then applied to all patients under age 19 years followed in our clinic from 1993-1997. The rate of decline in bFEV(1) differed for cases and controls over the 4-year period prior to death, but not from years 2-4 prior to death, the time at which transplant referral decisions should be made. A bFEV(1) value of 50% predicted at 2 years prior to the death of the case selected 14 of 28 cases and one control. When applied to all pediatric patients followed from 1993-1997, a bFEV1 threshold of 50% predicted selected 2 of the 3 patients who died and 3 of the 140 patients who survived. Consideration of lung transplantation referral should begin when young CF patients have a best FEV(1) <50% predicted despite aggressive conventional treatment.
Eigenstates, coherent states, and uncertainty products for the Morse oscillator

We obtain the exact, normalized, closed-form eigenfunctions for the one-dimensional Morse oscillator, as well as the raising and lowering operators. We next review a new method for obtaining the coherent states for arbitrary potentials, it being based on the classical motion of a particle. We apply this method to the Morse oscillator. After demonstrating that in the appropriate limit our results reduce to those for the harmonic oscillator, we obtain analytic insights into published numerical results on uncertainty products for Morse-oscillator wave packets.
Management of Medication Noncompliance in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

Solid-organ transplantation has emerged as one of the most significant medical advances in the management of end-stage organ disease to date. However, a long term successful outcome after transplantation relies heavily upon the extended, if not lifelong, intake of immunosuppressive medication. Noncompliance with the medication regimen may have devastating effects on the graft and the patient. Furthermore, the effects of noncompliance place an additional burden on the medical resources available and the already scarce organ supply. The magnitude of post-transplant noncompliance and factors associated with noncompliance with various immunosuppressant drugs are reviewed. Patient, physician, social and family relationships interact in a complex manner in the post-transplant scenario and problems here could underlie noncompliance. The paper also includes a review of the methods of evaluating and monitoring noncompliance. Preventive and remedial measures that may help the transplant team to effectively manage this problem are suggested. The multidisciplinary nature of post-transplant patient management and the need for a cohesive approach toward the patient is emphasised. With the identification of patients at higher risk for noncompliance, close monitoring and early intervention, it may be possible to effectively control the effects of noncompliance until newer strategies are developed which permit immunosuppression-free transplantation.
Center sets and ternary codes

In recent years the classification of self-dual codes has been carried almost to the limits on lengths beyond which the number of codes becomes overwhelming. The survey article by Sloane [15] refers to most of the papers making up this project; and the work by Pless, Sloane, and me [13], for which the present paper provides supporting material, brings his bibliography up to date. The approach used in that joint paper, which deals with codes over GF(3) or "ternary" codes, is typical of the classification for other fields. Let me give it a brief sketch. Decomposable codes of a given length are by definition direct sums of shorter codes and so determined by previous classifications. I f an indecomposable code contains a fair number of words of weight 3 (all the words in a self-dual ternary code have weights divisible by 3), it will contain a large known decomposable subcodc. Additional codewords then serve to "glue" the components of this subcode together. The entire code can be constructed by a systematic study of possible glue words. (There is a good exposition of the glueing strategy in the paper of Conway, Pless, and Sloane [3].) When there are few or no words of weight 3, finding suitable decomposable subcodes can be difficult. One tries to construct the codes themselves by any means, fair or foul. At the same time the group of each code in hand is worked out so that the number of codes equivalent to it is known. Because the entire number of codes sought can be predicted, one knows when to stop. In fact, the nature of the difference when one is still short of the total can serve as a clue to the automorphism structure of missing codes (this is nicely illustrated by Conway and Pless [2]). Consider now a self-orthogonal ternary code having minimum weight 6, the
Search for a potassium compartment in the human red cell membrane.

THE present experiments are concerned with the search for a potassium carrier in the membrane of the human red cell. From studies on the efflux of potassium-42 from human red cells, Solomon and Gold1 concluded that the cell contained its intracellular potassium in two separate compartments. The larger compartment was assumed to contain 41.6 m.eq. potassium/l. blood; the smaller compartment was assumed to contain 1.75 m.eq. potassium/l. blood2, and to reach its peak specific activity about 1.5 hr. after potassium-42 was added to the system. Fig. 1 shows an analogue computer curve giving the time course of the predicted relative specific activities of the three compartments under the present experimental conditions. In order to determine whether the smaller compartment could be identified with the membrane phase, the kinetics of the uptake of potassium-42 by the cellular membrane have been studied over the time period of a few minutes to six hours. They have failed to reveal the presence of a significant potassium-containing compartment within the membrane phase. Since the time resolution of the present experiments is about three minutes, no information is available about processes which may be complete in shorter times.
Interatrial block: pandemic prevalence concealed by anachronistic electrocardiographic standards.

Background: Interatrial block (IAB; P waves ≥ 110 ms duration) has been reported in over 40% of unselected patients in sinus rhythm at widely separated general hospitals. It is thus of “pandemic” proportions. It should be better appreciated because it represents a large, baggy, poorly functional left atrium and is a forerunner of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and other arrhythmias. Hypothesis: A search of all 12 leads will disclose the true prevalence of IAB in contrast to traditional reliance on lead II, as widely proposed in textbooks and other literature. Methods: In all, 500 consecutive unselected electrocardiograms (ECGs) were investigated using every lead and a magnifying graticule. For greater specificity, a minimal P duration of ≥ 120 ms was selected. Results: Thirty-one ECGs were discarded because of atrial arrhythmia, poor baseline, or undetectable P waves, leaving a base of 469 ECGs, the denominator for the results. A total of 182 patients had IAB, representing 38.8% of this series. The widest P wave was usually found in multiple leads (95.1% of patients). The widest P waves were found only in precordial leads in 59 patients and only in limb leads in 18 patients. “Traditional” lead II detected only 97 cases (53.3%), and IAB was found more frequently in leads V3 and V4. Conclusions: Results confirm the pandemic frequency of IAB in one-third of hospitalized patients. Interpreters of ECGs should seek IAB in all 12 leads since reliance on lead II alone resulted in only 53.3% of the total cases. Its prevalence and serious implications with regard to patients' current and future status make this necessary.
Design of fuzzy object-oriented software components data bases

This article presents the notion of a fuzzy object as it relates to software development. We examine software system requirements that have fuzzy features. We then look at different aspects of the development and assembly of systems comprised of classes of fuzzy objects and offer a formulation for development and assembly.
Sediment evolution and habitat function of organic-rich muds within the Albemarle estuarine system, North Carolina

The analyses of 248 samples have revealed that the composition and distribution patterns of sediments within the Albemarle estuarine system (AES) represent a complex interaction between multiple sediment sources, basin morphology and evolution, and associated estuarine processes. Three sediment end-member types are dominant: sand, peat, and organic-rich mud (ORM). Throughout the AES, shallow perimeter platforms and associated sediment-bank shorelines are eroded into Pleistocene units. Shoreline recession supplies sand to the platforms and mud to the central basins; these sediments mix with suspended sediment from the fluvial drainages. Swamp forest-peat and marsh-peat shorelines are actively eroding and supply fine organic detritus to produce the dominant ORM sediment in the central basins. Perimeter platform sands grade into ORM on the platform slope. ORM constitutes about 70% of the benthic habitats within the AES and has an average composition of 76.2% inorganic mud, 13.1% sand, and 10.7% organic matter. The characteristics of ORM greatly affect the benthic community structure, chemical quality of the sediments, and the water quality of the estuary. ORM readily moves in and out of the water column in response to natural and anthropogenic activities, affecting water column turbidity and trace and major element geochemistry. Organic matter and clay minerals in ORM are chemically reactive and interact with the water column to adsorb or release contaminants, nutrients, and gases. Thus, ORM acts as both a sink and source for many different chemical constituents in the water column and plays important, but poorly understood, functions in the physical and chemical dynamics of estuarine ecosystems.