cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of thermal instability on ultra-high frequency performance of insulated-gate field-effect transistors

Abstract A theory is derived which relates the device characteristics, in particular the ultra-high frequency performance of field-effect transistors (FETs) to thermal properties. The method of successive approximation is used to simultaneously calculate device temperature and power developed in the channel. FET's are thermally stable only when the device temperature under operating conditions does not contribute significantly to the carrier concentration which is difficult to achieve in modern devices where either high mobility materials and/or small channel lengths are used. The influence of semiconductor-, insulator-, and substrate-material, geometry and thermal properties upon thermal stability and ultra-high frequency performance are discussed. The theory is applied to InAs on glass-, Silicon on Sapphire-, and GaAs on Sapphire-FET's and the high frequency performance of these devices under thermal constraints is determined.
A rapid and sensitive assay for neuraminidase: Application to cultured flbroblasts

Abstract Neuraminidase substrates of high specific activity (>300 μCi/μmol) were prepared by reduction of sialyllactose with NaB3H4, followed by separation of the 2 → 3 and 2 → 6 isomers of [3H]sialyllactitol by paper chromatography. Hydrolysis of sialyllactitol by neuraminidase was monitored by measuring the radioactivity in the neutral reaction product, which was separated from the charged substrate by passage over a small anion exchange column. The assay was applied to the neuraminidase activity of cultured human skin fibroblasts. The Km was found to be 1.1 m m for both substrates; the pH optimum, 4.0; the 2 → 3 isomer was hydrolyzed twice as fast as the 2 → 6. In several genetic disorders associated with neuraminidase deficiency, the activity toward both isomers was reduced almost completely (mucolipidoses I and II; Goldberg syndrome), or only partially (mucolipidosis III; adult myoclonus syndrome); however, the relative activity towards the two isomers remained approximately the same in all cases.
Function mapped trajectory estimation for ECG sets

Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to present two significant contributions in characterizing electrocardiogram (ECG) signal sets. The first contribution of the paper is the introduction of a functional map representation of atrial fibrillation ECG signal sets using chaotic maps. Second contribution of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the recurrence period density entropy (RPDE) index as an effective tool in tracking changes in rhythmic behavior of ECG signals.
Facile Synthetic Procedure for ω, Primary Amine Functionalization Directly in Water for Subsequent Fluorescent Labeling and Potential Bioconjugation of RAFT-Synthesized (Co)Polymers†

We describe a facile method to amine functionalize and subsequently fluorescently label polymethacrylamides synthesized via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. RAFT-generated poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-b-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide) (poly(HPMA-b-DMAPMA)), a water soluble biocompatible polymer, is first converted to a polymeric thiol and functionalized with a primary amine through a disulfide exchange reaction with cystamine and subsequently reacted with the amine-functionalized fluorescent dye, 6-(fluorescein-5-carboxamido)hexanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (5-SFX). Poly(HPMA258-b-DMAPMA13) (Mn = 39 700 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.06), previously synthesized by RAFT polymerization, was used to demonstrate this facile labeling method. The problem with labeling the ω-terminal chain end of a RAFT-synthesized polymethacrylamide is that the reduced end yields a tertiary thiol with low reactivity. The key to labeling poly(HPMA-b-DMAPMA) is to first reduce the ...
Cochlear Protection from Carbon Monoxide Exposure by Free Radical Blockers in the Guinea Pig

Acute carbon monoxide exposure produces a significant impairment in high-frequency auditory sensitivity that can be prevented using the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker MK-801. This finding suggests an excitotoxic component to carbon monoxide ototoxicity and establishes the potential for free radical formation. Free radical scavengers and inhibitors are protective in many organs, including the brain and cochlea, during hypoxic events such as ischemia/reperfusion and, in the cochlea, during noise exposure. This study evaluated the protection afforded by two such agents, phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN), which acts as a general free radical scavenger, and allopurinol, which acts as a free radical inhibitor specific to the xanthine oxidase metabolic pathway. Guinea pigs were pretreated with PBN (100 mg/kg i.p.), allopurinol (100 mg/kg i.p.), or saline 1 hr prior to exposure to carbon monoxide (35 ml/kg i.p.) or to an equal volume of air. They were monitored at 15, 30, and 60 min after carbon monoxide exposure for alterations in compound action potential threshold and cochlear microphonic amplitude. The groups receiving carbon monoxide alone displayed characteristic compound action potential threshold elevations particularly at the higher test frequencies (16-40 kHz), consistent with earlier studies; no loss of cochlear microphonic amplitude was exhibited. Both free radical inhibitors, PBN and allopurinol, blocked loss of auditory threshold sensitivity produced by carbon monoxide. These data suggest that free radical generation may play a significant role in the impairment of high-frequency auditory sensitivity resulting from carbon monoxide.
A role for the anaphase-promoting complex inhibitor Emi2/XErp1, a homolog of early mitotic inhibitor 1, in cytostatic factor arrest of Xenopus eggs

Unfertilized vertebrate eggs are arrested in metaphase of meiosis II with high cyclin B/Cdc2 activity to prevent parthenogenesis. Until fertilization, exit from metaphase is blocked by an activity called cytostatic factor (CSF), which stabilizes cyclin B by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) ubiquitin ligase. The APC inhibitor early mitotic inhibitor 1 (Emi1) was recently found to be required for maintenance of CSF arrest. We show here that exogenous Emi1 is unstable in CSF-arrested Xenopus eggs and is destroyed by the SCFβTrCP ubiquitin ligase, suggesting that endogenous Emi1, an apparent 44-kDa protein, requires a stabilizing factor. However, anti-Emi1 antibodies crossreact with native Emi2/Erp1/FBXO43, a homolog of Emi1 and conserved APC inhibitor. Emi2 is stable in CSF-arrested eggs, is sufficient to prevent CSF release, and is rapidly degraded in a Polo-like kinase 1-dependent manner in response to calcium-mediated egg activation. These results identify Emi2 as a candidate CSF maintenance protein.
Structure of the redox sensor domain of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) MmoS.

MmoS from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) is the multidomain sensor protein of a two-component signaling system proposed to play a role in the copper-mediated regulation of soluble methane monooxyg...
Medical image compression using wavelet transforms and variable block size coding

In recent years, the medical community has seen a growing need for the development of rapid and efficient techniques for the storage and transmission of medical images. Although several well known compression techniques exist, many of them require computationally intensive algorithms. In addition, many image compression techniques introduce unwanted attributes such as the blocking effect or noise. This is a major problem in medical imaging where image degradation may be critical. The aim of our research was to combine two recent techniques, wavelet transforms (WT) and variable block size coding (VBSC), to improve compression ratios as well as visual quality. Multiresolution wavelet transforms are capable of extracting salient features from the image, and thus, allow the decision on the size of block coding. In addition, this hybrid technique reduces noise in the reconstructed images. The image quality is judged by criteria such as entropy, mean square error, signal to noise ratio, and human visual perception. The performance of the hybrid technique is based on the above criteria and compared with the performance of the standard JPEG compression technique. This hybrid compression technique yields improved compression while retaining high visual quality for specific medical images such as cervical radiographs.
Paliperidone depot is not different from haloperidol in relapse prevention of schizophrenia, but different side effects should be considered

Reducing the occurrence of relapse in schizophrenia is an important treatment goal. Antipsychotics are effective in reducing relapse rates but they are often not taken regularly because of poor tolerability or difficulties taking oral pills reliably due to chaotic lives and cognitive difficulties.1 For such patients, a well-tolerated, long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic seems an ideal approach. Very little is known about the comparative effectiveness of LAI antipsychotics with regards to relapse prevention.
The nature of robustness in development.

A trait is robust to a genetic or environmental variable if its variation is weakly correlated with variation in that variable. The source of robustness lies in the fact that the developmental processes that give rise to complex traits are nonlinear. A consequence of this nonlinearity is that not all genes are equally correlated with the trait whose ontogeny they control. Here we explore how developmental mechanisms determine and alter the correlation structure between genes and the traits that they control. A formula is developed by which the correlation of a gene or environmental variable with a trait can be calculated if the mechanism that gives rise to the trait is known. The nature of robustness and the ways in which robustness can evolve are discussed in the context of the problems that arise in the analysis of inherently nonlinear systems.
Emotion Dysregulation and Drinking to Cope as Predictors and Consequences of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assault Examination of Short-Term and Long-Term Risk

The present study examined emotion dysregulation, coping drinking motives, and alcohol-related problems as predictors and consequences of alcohol-involved sexual assault (AISA). A convenience sample of 424 college women completed confidential surveys on paper and online. Data were collected at baseline (T1), weekly for 10 weeks (T2-10), and at 1 year (T11). The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among variables were examined in a cross-lagged panel model. Within each time point, all variables were correlated. Drinking to cope and emotion dysregulation predicted AISA in the short term (within 10 weeks), alcohol problems increased risk for AISA in the long term (within 1 year), and AISA history predicted AISA revictimization regardless of time frame. Drinking to cope and alcohol-related problems predicted future victimization, but their impact seems to fluctuate over time. Coping drinking motives were both a predictor and consequence of AISA, suggesting a cyclical pattern. However, additional analyses indicated that coping drinking motives and alcohol problems might act as suppressors in the model. Overall, findings indicate that interventions focused on improving emotion regulation skills may decrease short-term risk for AISA.
In Search of the Cultural Supplement

Kathleen Stewart. A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an "Other" America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. 243 pp.
The Eating Disorder Examination: a semi-structured interview for the assessment of the specific psychopathology of eating disorders

The year 2013 marks not only the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) but also the publication of DSM-5. This fortuitous confluence presents the perfect opportunity to reflect on the current status of eating disorder assessment. As the first structured interview to evaluate the unique psychopathology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, the EDE revolutionised clinical understanding and research methodology in the eating disorder field. However, like any measure designed to capture illusive and evolving psychological constructs, the EDE has theoretical, logistical, and functional limitations. We review each limitation in turn and make proposals for the next generation of eating disorder assessment – from substantially streamlining the EDE to the potentially heretical consideration of alternative measures.
THE NATURE OF BANDS IN PARASITIZED BOVINE ERYTHROCYTES

Anaplasma marginale is the etiological agent of a hemolytic disease of cattle, known as anaplasmosis. The organism appears as a marginal inclusion in parasitized erythrocytes, but certain isolates also have bands associated with the inclusion. Inclusions and associated bands in parasitized erythrocytes in the liver and peripheral circulation were studied by light microscope cytochemistry and electron microscopy. Bands were comet- and dumbbell-shaped by light microscopy and were stained by techniques used to demonstrate protein and fibrin. The same forms, as well as other shapes, were seen in infected erythrocytes which were sectioned and examined by electron microscopy. Bands had longitudinal and transverse periodicity. They did not appear to have a crystalline structure. Their appearance was collated with that of bovine fibrin. Bands were well differentiated in erythrocytes that were entensively hemolyzed by natural or artificial means, but poorly differentiated in mildly hemolyzed erythrocytes. Hemolysis methods appeared to influence the morphology of bands and their demonstration.
In-hospital mortality among rural Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction: the influence of demographics, transfer, and health factors.

Context/Purpose: Most rural hospitals can provide medical care to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, but a need for advanced cardiac care requires timely transfer to a tertiary hospital. There is little information on AMI in-hospital mortality predictors among rural transfer patients. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective analyses on 2003-2005 Medicare hospital inpatient data from 5 states were conducted to compare predictors of in-hospital AMI mortality between rural hospital transferred and nontransferred patients. A total of 9,690 rural hospital AMI patients were identified: 3,087 were transferred to receiving hospitals and 6,603 were not transferred. Separate logistic regressions were conducted for transferred and nontransferred patient cohorts and results were compared. Results: Transfer patients were younger, more likely male, had fewer comorbidities/complications, and were less likely to expire (5.3% vs 16.7%) in the hospital. Congestive heart failure and cardiac dysrhythmia were the most common comorbidities/complications among transfer and no-transfer AMI patients, but shock (OR = 9.44) and acute renal failure (OR = 3.67) had the strongest associations with in-hospital mortality for both cohorts. Undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was associated with a 42% reduction in hospital mortality risk for transfer patients. Conclusions: Transfer was associated with a greater likelihood of in-hospital AMI survival, largely but not fully explained by transfer patients being younger with fewer comorbidities/complications who are receiving advanced cardiac care. Additional studies are needed to clarify other factors that explain higher in-hospital mortality among nontransfers, such as patients’ health care decision-making.
Shock properties of H2O ice

To understand the mechanics and thermodynamics of impacts on, and collisions between, icy planetary bodies, we measured the dynamic strength and shock states in H2O ice. Here, we expand upon previous analyses and present a complete description of the phases, temperature, entropy, and sound velocity along the ice shock Hugoniot. Derived from shock wave measurements centered at initial temperatures (T_0) of 100 K and 263 K, the Hugoniot is composed of five regions: (1) elastic shocks in ice Ih, (2) ice Ih deformation shocks, and shock transformation to (3) ice VI, (4) ice VII, and (5) liquid water. In each region, data obtained at different initial temperatures are described by a single U_S – Δu_p shock equation of state. The dynamic strength of ice Ih is strongly dependent on initial temperature, and the Hugoniot Elastic Limit varies from 0.05 to 0.62 GPa, as a function of temperature and peak shock stress. We present new bulk sound velocity measurements and release profiles from shock pressures between 0.4 and 1.2 GPa. We report revised values for the shock pressures required to induce incipient melting (0.6 ± 0.05, 1.6 ± 0.3 GPa) and complete melting (2.5 ± 0.1, 4.1 ± 0.3 GPa) upon isentropic release from the shock state (for T_0 = 263, 100 K). On account of the >40% density increase upon transformation from ice Ih to ices VI and VII, the critical shock pressures required for melting are factors of 2 to 10 lower than earlier predicted. Consequently, hypervelocity impact cratering on planetary surfaces and mutual collisions between porous cometesimals will result in abundant shock-induced melting throughout the solar system.
Hydrogeologic controls on the transport and fate of nitrate in ground water beneath riparian buffer zones: results from thirteen studies across the United States

During the last two decades there has been growing interest in the capacity of riparian buffer zones to remove nitrate from ground waters moving through them. Riparian zone sediments often contain organic carbon, which favors formation of reducing conditions that can lead to removal of nitrate through denitrification. Over the past decade the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program has investigated the transport and fate of nitrate in ground and surface waters in study areas across the United States. In these studies riparian zone efficiency in removing nitrate varied widely as a result of variations in hydrogeologic factors. These factors include (1) denitrification in the up-gradient aquifer due to the presence of organic carbon or other electron donors, (2) long residence times (>50 years) along ground-water flow paths allowing even slow reactions to completely remove nitrate, (3) dilution of nitrate enriched waters with older water having little nitrate, (4) bypassing of riparian zones due to extensive use of drains and ditches, and (5) movement of ground water along deep flow paths below reducing zones. By developing a better understanding of the hydrogeologic settings in which riparian buffer zones are likely to be inefficient we can develop improved nutrient management plans.
Sulcus vocalis: A new clinical paradigm based on a re‐evaluation of histology

Objectives/Hypothesis Sulcus vocalis is an epithelial invagination adherent to deep tissues of the vocal fold. Traditionally, dysphonia is believed to result from attenuation or absence of lamina propria and consequent alteration of mucosal dynamics. This conception does not account for several clinical features of the lesion, most notably inflammation. The goal of this study is to elucidate the clinical nature of sulcus by re-examination of its histopathology. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods Clinical features, including stroboscopic examination, and hematoxylin and eosin sections of 19 lesions in 15 patients who underwent surgery were reviewed. Results Epithelial change was found uniformly in all specimens, consisting of parakeratosis (78.9%), epithelial thickening (77.8%), dyskeratosis (63.2%), basement membrane thickening (47%), epithelial inflammation (52.6%), and retention of keratin debris (36.8%). In contrast, submucosal findings were less prevalent. Seven patients (36.8%) had essentially normal subepithelial tissues. Submucosal inflammation was present in seven (36.8%), and other submucosal changes in four of 17 (23.5%). Clinical characteristics demonstrated general improvement after surgical intervention in most cases. Conclusions Sulcus vocalis appears to have an important component of epithelial pathology, with especially high prevalence of parakeratosis, dyskeratosis, and epithelial thickening. Clinical changes may result from prominent perilesional inflammation related to epithelial changes instead of or in addition to any alteration of the lamina propria. Surgical treatment, when necessary, should refocus on removal of pathologic epithelium as a source of inflammation independent of reconstructive considerations. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2015
Simulation of electric circuits containing high-speed switches

This paper describes a method of handling the real-time simulation of electric power circuits by utilizing multi-rate sampling of the external input control signals for solid-state switches. With pulse-width modulation frequencies of 10 kilohertz and higher, sample frequencies of at least 1 megahertz are often required to realize sufficient accuracy in a real-time simulation of the overall circuit. The paper describes how the average value of the multi-rate input samples over each time-step h used in the numerical simulation of the circuit state equations can be employed in a way that permits the overall circuit simulation to be run on currently available general-purpose microprocessors. Real-time simulation of a simple boost-converter circuit is utilized to illustrate the proposed methodology. It is shown that the number of mathematical operations required for each integration step can be greatly reduced by pre-computing the coefficients in the numerical integration difference equations for each of the N possible multi-rate average switch-input values that can occur, where N is the multi-rate frame ratio. The paper also describes a method for compensating for the one-frame delay associated with the use of multi-rate input averaging.
Randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of famotidine 20 mg b.d. or 40 mg b.d. in patients with erosive oesophagitis

SUMMARY Methods: this US multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study determined the effects of two twice daily oral famotidine regimens on symptom relief and healing of erosive oesophagitis in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Three hundred and eighteen patients were enrolled: 66 received placebo, 125 received famotidine 20 mg b.d., and 127 received famotidine 40 mg b.d. Patients maintained diaries of their symptoms. Endoscopy was performed at weeks 0 and 6, and again at week 12 if healing had not occurred. Results: healing at 6 and 12 weeks was (respectively) 48% (P < 0.01 vs. placebo) and 69% (P≫ 0.01 vs.placebo) for famotidine 40 mg b.d.; 32% and 54% (P≫ 0.01 vs. placebo) for famotidine 20 mg b.d., and 18% and 29% for placebo. At both 6 and 12 weeks the healing rates of famotidine 40 mg b.d. were significantly greater than placebo and famotidine 20 mg b.d. Compared to placebo, famotidine produced more frequent global symptom improvement and more rapid heartburn relief. There were no significant differences among treatment groups in the incidence of clinical or laboratory adverse events. Conclusions: famotidine 40 mg b.d. was a better regimen than famotidine 20 mg b.d. or placebo. The clinical efficacy paralleled the previously documented effect of the famotidine regimens on decrease of oesophageal acid exposure.
Bone building with bortezomib

In this issue of the JCI, Mukherjee et al. report that bortezomib, a clinically available proteasome inhibitor active against myeloma, induces the differentiation of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs)--rather than mature osteoprogenitor cells--into osteoblasts, resulting in new bone formation (see the related article beginning on page 491). These results were observed when MSCs were implanted subcutaneously in mice or were used to treat a mouse model of postmenopausal bone loss. Others have reported that immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., thalidomide and lenalidomide), which are active against myeloma, also block the activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. These results reflect the utility of targeting endogenous MSCs for the purpose of tissue repair and suggest that combining different classes of agents that are antineoplastic and also inhibit bone destruction and increase bone formation should be very beneficial for myeloma patients suffering from severe bone disease.
Common mechanisms and strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest during epidural anesthesia

Abstract Cardiac arrests continue to occur during epidural anesthesia and frequently result in death or brain damage. Although unintentional "total spinal" anesthesia, respiratory depression, myocardial ischemia, and local anesthetic toxicity can also lead to cardiac arrest, often the arrests do not fit any of these four categories. Many of the unexplained arrests may be attributed to vagal predominance. The evidence for a vagal-linked circulatory mechanism for these arrests is reviewed, and the characteristics that are associated with an increased risk for cardiac arrest during epidural anesthesia are identified. Specific strategies to forestall vagal predominance are discussed. In case these strategies fail, multiple interventions are discussed that should increase the likelihood of a successful resuscitation in the setting of extensive sympathetic blockade.
Personality Correlates of Reflectivity

This study investigated personality correlates of reflectivity. Spitzer's Twenty Statements Test procedure, developed within a symbolic-interactionist framework, was used to identify reflective subjects. Of primary interest was the relationship between reflectivity and indices of ideal-self discrepancy. Other variables assumed to have relevance to reflectivity were self-awareness, imagery control, socialization, and anxiety. Results confirmed the predictions for ideal-self discrepancy and for anxiety. The implications of these findings for understanding the reflective process are briefly presented.
Anatomic and neuromuscular characterisation of the equine cricothyroid muscle

SummaryReasons for performing study As part of investigation into laryngeal stability and reanimation using functional electrical stimulation, the cricothyroid muscle might be utilised to increase laryngeal cross-sectional area in horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. For optimal electrode placement and muscle recruitment, the neuroanatomy and excitability of the equine cricothyroid muscle needs to be defined. Objectives To describe the anatomy, innervation and function of the equine cricothyroid muscle and its contribution to laryngeal diameter. Methods Seventeen equine larynges were collected at necropsy and 12 were grossly dissected. Seven larynges (five grade 1, two grade 4) were prepared for immunohistochemistry following gross dissection and 5 larynges were prepared for special staining: acetylcholinesterase staining of motor endplates (n = 3) and Sihler's staining (n = 2). Three larynges were stimulated following in situ cadaver dissection and 2 larynges were removed and stimulated ex vivo. Results Three neuromuscular compartments, each innervated by a primary nerve branch of the external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve, were identified in all larynges. Stimulation of each neuromuscular compartment resulted in ventral displacement of the thyroid cartilage with respect to the cricoid cartilage, thereby increasing dorsoventral height of the rima glottis. Conclusions The equine cricothyroid muscle has 3 distinct neuromuscular compartments with discrete innervation, fibre type distribution and muscle fibre sizes. All neuromuscular compartments tense the vocal cords by increasing dorsoventral height of the rima glottis through ventral displacement of the thyroid cartilage with respect to the cricoid cartilage. Potential relevance Simultaneous functional electrical stimulation of the cricothyroid and dorsal cricoarytenoid muscles may enhance laryngeal cross-sectional area in horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
FLOW REGULATION OF THE VERDE RIVER, ARIZONA ENCOURAGES TAMARIX RECRUITMENT BUT HAS MINIMAL EFFECT ON POPULUS AND SALIX STAND DENSITY

Populus spp. (cottonwood) and Salix spp. (willow), the dominant overstory trees in many western riparian forests, are disturbance-adapted species with short seed dispersal periods. Changes to flood cycles often lead to a decrease in recruitment success and survival of these species, and may increase the recruitment success of Tamarix spp. (saltcedar), an introduced riparian tree species that has a longer seed dispersal period. This investigation compared Populus, Salix, and Tamarix stem density in 63 stands on unregulated and regulated reaches of the Verde River. Populus and Salix stem density were not different between the unregulated and regulated reaches in sapling (1–10 year) stands. However, Populus stems showed a trend towards higher density in mature stands (11–40 year) in the unregulated reach, and Populus density was significantly higher in old-growth (41+ year) stands in the unregulated reach. Tamarix stem density was higher in the regulated reach for the sapling class (4.75 ±1.83 stems/m2 versus 0.03 ±0.03 stems/m2). Analysis of flow conditions during a recent recruitment year (1995) suggests that water release patterns in the regulated reach created favorable conditions for Tamarix. Results from this study suggest that where major flooding still occurs in regulated reaches, or where managed flooding is an option, recruitment of Populus and Salix is possible at similar levels to unregulated reaches. However, careful attention to later season water releases may be important in managing Tamarix recruitment opportunities.
Heitor Villa-Lobos and 'Choros' No. 3: Modernism, Nationalism, and "Musical Anthropophagy"

In the 1920s, composer Heitor Villa-Lobos wrote a series of fourteen nationalistic pieces called Choros, which was the direct result of his search for an "authentic" Brazilian musical language. In Choros, Villa-Lobos combined elements from the Brazilian urban popular genre choro (from which he drew the title of his series) and Brazilian Amerindian music with European techniques, especially the unbalanced accents, abrupt metrical changes, and dissonances typical of Stravinsky's primitivism. Villa-Lobos presented some of his Choros in Paris, where he lived in two occasions, and due to what Parisians perceived as musically "exotic," some Choros achieved great success in that city. While scholars Lisa M. Peppercorn, Eero Tarasti, and Jorge Coli, suggested that Villa-Lobos took advantage of a Paris thirsty for "exotic" music to elaborate the aesthetic of Choros and other pieces from the 1920s, they did not acknowledge that the Choros series resulted from Villa-Lobos's search for a Brazilian musical language that had started before he went to Paris for the first time in 1923, as his symphonic poems Amazonas and Uirapuru, both from 1917, demonstrate. In addition, the series also reflected the philosophies of an entire class of Brazilian modernist artists who proposed the so-called "anthropophagic art," by which the Brazilian artist should "devour" (assimilate) European techniques and aesthetics to portray national art. This article examines how the Choros series reflects Villa- Lobos's assimilation of local musical elements and European aesthetic ideals in the 1920s, a move that resulted from his personal search for an "authentic" Brazilian musical language and was motivated by the pervading Brazilian artistic ideology of the time.
Intermolecular Energy Transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ in Aqueous Aggregates and on the Surface of Human Cells

Efficient intermolecular energy transfer from carbostyril 124-sensitized Tb(3+) to Eu(3+) in aqueous aggregates is reported. This energy transfer was also recapitulated on the cell surface of a human kidney cell line (HEK-293T) and imaged by fluorescence microscopy as an example for the applicability of this energy transfer probe for imaging in biological systems.
Graphics Rendering in Dental Training System

This paper introduces the graphics display of tooth preparation by mesh deformation and generation in the virtual environment of haptic display system.The mesh deformation is controlled by human's operating and can solve the problem of fast cutting.In virtual environment the tooth and the tool are constructed by triangle-mesh.When operators move the tip of haptic device to cut the virtual tooth,the vertices of tooth mesh which are surrounded by the virtual tool will move to the surface of the tool.By deforming the mesh of tooth,the graphics display will be realized factually with no delay.
MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON FRACTURE MICROMECHANISMS IN LIGHTWEIGHT METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

ABSTRACT Microstructural effects on the deformation and fracture behavior of an aluminum alloy metal matrix composite has been studied. The matrix microstructure was systematically varied via both heat treatment and changes in the SiC particle size. Testing included smooth tensile and smooth bend specimens, in addition to notch toughness specimens. It is shown that both the matrix microstructure and the SiC particle size affect the failure micromechanisms. SiC particle fracture predominates in underaged (UA) specimens containing large (i.e. average size 13 μm) SiC particles while matrix and “interface” failure predominate in UA specimens containing smaller (i.e. average size 5 μm) SiC. Overaged (OA) microstructures exhibited a preference for fracture in the matrix and near the SiC/ matrix interface, regardless of the SiC particle size. Analyses were performed using a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The fracture results are discussed in light of recent work on fracture of composite materials.
Trp53 deficient mice predisposed to preterm birth display region-specific lipid alterations at the embryo implantation site

Here we demonstrate that conditional deletion of mouse uterine Trp53 (p53(d/d)), molecularly linked to mTORC1 activation and causally linked to premature uterine senescence and preterm birth, results in aberrant lipid signatures within the heterogeneous cell types of embryo implantation sites on day 8 of pregnancy. In situ nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (nano-DESI MSI) was used to characterize the molecular speciation of free fatty acids, monoacylglycerol species, unmodified and oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC/Ox-PC), and diacylglycerol (DG) species within implantation sites of p53(d/d) mice and floxed littermates. Implantation sites from p53(d/d) mice exhibited distinct spatially resolved changes demonstrating accumulation of DG species, depletion of Ox-PC species, and increase in species with more unsaturated acyl chains, including arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid. Understanding abnormal changes in the abundance and localization of individual lipid species early in the progression to premature birth is an important step toward discovering novel targets for treatments and diagnosis.
Model Calibration and Validation of South Florida Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands Watershed

Among the 40 projects in the Florida Comprehensive Everglade Restoration Plan, the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands (BBCW) project has a purpose of re-hydrating wetlands and reducing point source discharge to Biscayne Bay. Seven project alternatives that include rule-controlled coastal canal structures, rule-controlled pump stations, spreader swales, stormwater treatment areas, flowways, levees, culverts, roads, and backfilling canals have been proposed to achieve the purpose. These alternatives are evaluated with the WASH123D model-a first-principle, physics-based numerical model that computes flow and transport in a watershed system that is conceptualized as a combination of 1-D channel network, 2-D overland regimes, and 3- D subsurface media. The WASH123D-BBCW model needs to be calibrated and validated before being used to evaluate the alternatives. This paper presents the calibration and validation of the model. A three-step approach that is used for model calibration and validation is presented, discussed, and evaluated in this paper. The three steps are: calibration of the overland Manning’s roughness coefficients (n2) and subsurface hydraulic conductivities (K) with the coupled 2- D/3-D WASH123D-BBCW model where the historical data of canal stage is used as the boundary condition; calibration of the canal Manning’s roughness coefficients (n1) where the calibrated n2 and K from the previous step are used; and validation of the calibrated n1, n2, and K with a second set of historical data. The calibration- validation results of the WASH123D-BBCW model are also presented in the paper.
The Longitudinal Relationship Between Inflammatory Markers and Patient-Reported Symptom Severity During Induction Therapy for Multiple Myeloma

Abstract 4920 Background: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing induction therapy experience both disease- and therapy-related symptoms. This longitudinal study investigated the association between the trajectory of symptom severity and changes in levels of inflammatory markers. Methods: Patients with MM repeatedly rated symptoms via the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) during induction therapy. Patients contributed serum samples before start of every cycle of chemotherapy. A panel of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble IL-1 receptor type 1 (sIL-1R1), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2 (sTNF-R2), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1A), and IL-10, was examined by Luminex method. Ordinal regression analyses were used to describe the interaction of cytokines and symptom outcomes across time, adjusted for patient and clinical factors of age, sex, diabetes diagnosis, anemia, body mass index, co-morbidities, tumor stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), prior treatment status, tumor response, opioid use, and chemotherapy regimen. Results: Sixty-two patients were enrolled on study; of these, 89% received bortezomib-based induction therapy. During induction, the most severe patient-reported symptoms were (in order of severity): fatigue, muscle weakness, disturbed sleep, pain, drowsiness, bone aches, and numbness. Fatigue was persistently the most severe symptom, while therapy-induced neuropathy (MDASI numbness item) increased significantly from baseline ( P =.01). We observed significant longitudinal associations between sIL-1R1 and distress and sadness (both P =.02); between sIL-6R and disturbed sleep ( P =.001), poor appetite ( P =.04), and sore mouth ( P =.006); between IL-6 and pain, fatigue, nausea, and sore mouth (all P P P =.04). MIP-1A was negatively associated with disturbed sleep, numbness, constipation, difficulty paying attention (all P P =.0006). IL-10 was negatively associated with mood interference ( P =.04). Discussion: Frequent assessment documented the longitudinal course of multiple symptoms during the induction period, providing an opportunity to evaluate potential changes in inflammation as one source of symptom distress. Our preliminary study suggests a network of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines relevant to symptom expression during induction. The results warrant further basic and translational studies to confirm the role of inflammation in the development of symptoms during treatment. Such information may suggest methods of effective symptom management and identify potential biomarkers for patients at high risk of symptom burden during treatment for multiple myeloma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Improved methods for static index pruning

Static Index Pruning is a performance optimization technique for search engines that attempts to identify and remove index postings that are unlikely to lead to top results for typical user queries. The goal is to obtain a much smaller inverted index that can quickly return results that are (almost) as good as those for the unpruned index. We make two contributions: First, we improve on previous results for pruned index size through a careful analysis of both document and query distribution characteristics. We derive an initial model based on unigram probabilities that obtains gains over previous work in some cases, and a bigram-based approach that achieves some additional improvements. We also devise a simple method for generating query logs in the absence of real-life queries, useful in modeling top results. Our second contribution is to explore, and compare to previously proposed approaches that perform pruning based on how often documents or postings appeared in top positions in the past.
Negligible Connections? The Role of Familiar Others in the Diffusion of Smoking Among Adolescents

How is the delinquent behavior of adolescents influenced by their peers? Previous studies in criminology have primarily focused on the effects of friendship networks on delinquency, but what is less examined is the influence of weaker and often negligible relationships on behavior. In this paper, we explore the effect of familiar others, namely those socio-demographically similar peers who are not connected through friendships, on the behavioral diffusion of smoking among adolescents. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we show that, even after controlling for the behavior of friends, the smoking behavior of familiar others has a significant longitudinal effect on adolescents' likelihood of smoking tobacco and marijuana. The results have important implications for expanding our understanding of the social diffusion of adolescent behavior through contextual mechanisms.
Laser safety training

Lesson modules for training laser safety are developed from a sound cognitive perspective. The lessons incorporate animated graphics designed to build a mental model in the students mind consistent with the realities of laser propagation. This research should have applications to other types of scientific education and training and in particular to networks of training simulators such as DIS.
Propene Oxidation on Ag(111): Spectroscopic Evidence of Facile Abstraction of Methyl Hydrogen

Reactions of propene on an oxygen-modified Ag(111) surface were investigated by means of temperature-programmed reaction spectra and reflection--adsorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) at 100 K. In the presence of oxygen adatoms, interactions of propene with the substrate are strengthened. The reaction between propene and oxygen adatoms (0.086 monolayer) produces not only total oxidation products (CO2 and H2O), but also partial oxidation products (CO and acetone). The formation of chemisorbed hydroxyl groups is identified by RAIRS when coadsorbed propene and oxygen adatoms are annealed to 200 K. The formation of hydroxyl is ascribed to the abstraction of methyl hydrogen by oxygen adatoms.
A New HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Plasma Retinol, Tocopherols, and Carotenoids and its Application in Cancer Epidemiology

An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of various fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids has been developed. The method utilizes a Radial-Pak C18, 8 mm i.d. × 10 cm, 5-µm column and an elution solvent composed of methanol, acetonitrile, and chloroform. Retinol, α-tocopherol, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin, and two other unidentified carotenoids can be clearly separated and quantified in one HPLC run using α-tocopheryl acetate or tocol as the internal standard. The eluted peaks are quantified by either a photodiode-array detector at preprogrammed wavelengths at the absorption maxima of the compounds or by a dual-wavelength detector at 280 and 436 nm. The total run time is 16 min. With an automatic injector and a programmable detector the system allows unattended operation. The within-run and day-to-day coefficients of variation range from 1 to 8%. In addition, the system can monitor the absorption spectra of the eluent during the HPLC run; this allows the spectral identification of various compounds separated in the same run. The application of this new method in cancer epidemiology was demonstrated in a joint U.S.-China cooperative study on nutrition and esophageal cancer.
Invasion of Nipponaclerda biwakoensis (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and Phragmites australis die-back in southern Louisiana, USA

Common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud., is the dominant emergent vegetation in the lower Mississippi River Delta (MRD), Louisiana, USA and is comprised primarily of introduced lineages of different phylogeographic origins. Dense stands of P. australis are important for protecting marsh soils from wave action and storm surges. In the Fall of 2016, while investigating symptoms of die-back of Phragmites stands in the lower marsh, a non-native scale was found infesting affected stands in high densities. Identified as Nipponaclerda biwakoensis (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae), the scale was well established across the lower MRD. This report represents the first recorded population of Nipponaclerda biwakoensis in North America. Intriguingly, there are noticeable differences in die-back symptoms and in scale densities among different lineages of Phragmites in the MRD, with stands of the well-known European invasive lineage appearing healthier and having lower scale densities than other Phragmites lineages. Given its apparent relationship with the die-back syndrome, the scale may have serious implications for the health and stability of Phragmites marsh communities across coastal Louisiana. Efforts are currently underway to investigate the role of the scale and other abiotic stressors in the die-backs and potential management solutions.
Digital Design and 3D Printing of Aortic Arch Reconstruction in HLHS for Surgical Simulation and Training.

Purpose:Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) present a diverse spectrum of aortic arch morphology. Suboptimal geometry of the reconstructed aortic arch may result from inappropriate...
Assessment Of Autonomic Function in Essential Hypertension

Assessment of the sympathetic tone in humans traditionally involves measurement of plasma norepinephrine (NE). Other biochemical approaches, such as measurement of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) have also been advocated, but they offer no clear advantage over NE measurements. Whereas plasma catecholamines generally reflect the degree of sympathetic activation (e.g., higher on exercise, tilting, mental arithmetic and lower at rest), numerous problems arise with interpretation of such data. Plasma catecholamines reflect not only sympathetic nerve firing rate, i.e., neuronal norepinephrine release [52], but also clearance which is largely affected by neuronal reuptake [34]. Another source of difficulties is interpreting to which degree plasma catecholamines reflect drive to cardiovascular versus other organs. Sympathetic discharge to gastrointestinal, endocrine metabolic and cardiovascular receptors are not synchronized, and certain pools of neurons can be activated while the others remain unaffected. Since hypertension is a cardiovascular disease one would prefer to measure only that proportion of plasma NE representing hemodynamic events.