cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Amino Acid Transport in Escherichia coli by Some Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

Among 10 antibiotics tested, cephaloridine and cephalothin showed the greatest inhibition of proline active transport. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate pretreatment of the cells did not enhance inhibition by any of these 10 antibiotics. The inhibition of active transport of 10 additional amino acids by cephaloridine and cephalothin was studied. Both antibiotics inhibited transport of three amino acids which, like proline, have transport systems resistant to osmotic shock; neither antibiotic inhibited transport of the remaining amino acids, including three with shock-resistant and four with shock-sensitive systems.
Visual estimation of iron in saprolite

Secondary iron compounds are the foremost coloring agents in subtropical and tropical saprolites. Amorphous Fe(OH) 3 and goethite are yellow in submicron particles, and coarse goethite is brown. Submicron hematite is red, whereas coarse hematite is gray to black. At most outcrops the color of saprolite is due to the secondary ferric compounds: the hue of the color relates to the mineralogy and particle size of the ferric pigments; value and chroma vary systematically with the proportion of pigment. The color of the saprolite determined by visual comparison with a Munsell Soil Color Chart and referred to our diagram yields a rapid estimate of total iron, as well as ancillary information about particle size and hydration state of the ferric compounds.
EFFECTS OF ATRACURIUM, VECURONIUM OR PANCURONIUM PRETREATMENT ON LIGNOCAINE SEIZURE THRESHOLDS IN CATS

SUMMARY Among the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs, atracurium appears to be unique in its ability to produce cerebral stimulation in lightly anaesthetized animals. This effect is attributed to the atracurium metabolite, laudanosine. The following studies were performed to determine if pretreatments with the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers pancuronium, atracurium or vecuronium would differ in their effects on the seizure threshold of lignocaine. Adult mongrel cats were anaesthetized with 1.0 MAC halothane in oxygen and nitrogen. Ventilation, blood-gas tensions, acidbase balance and temperature were controlled. Cats received pancuronium 0.2 mg kg−1 i.v. (n= 7), atracurium 1.0 mg kg−1 i.v. (n = 7) or vecuronium 0.2 mg kg−1 i.v. (n = 7). Ten minutes after the administration of the myoneural blocker, all cats received lignocaine 4 mg kg−1 min−1 i.v. until the onset of EEG evidence of generalized seizure activity. At seizure onset, there were no statistically significant differences among the cumulative lignocaine doses or the serum lignocaine concentrations in cats pretreated with pancuronium, atracurium or vecuronium.
More on scoring androgyny as a single continuous variable.

Properties of two newly proposed, continuous measures of psychological androgyny are discussed in relation to an androgyny-relevant measure previously described. The difficulties of reflecting the construct of androgyny in a single variable are noted, and a combination of masculinity and femininity measures, through analysis of variance or multiple regression procedures, is recommended.
Hereditary factors in pancreatic cancer.

The incidence and the mortality rates for pancreatic cancer are the same, indicating its dismal outlook. Its natural history remains elusive. Cigarette smoking appears to be the most significant environmental culprit. Hereditary factors may account for approximately 5% of the total pancreatic cancer burden. However, when its extant heterogeneity and the reduced penetrance of causal germline mutations are considered, the hereditary incidence may significantly exceed this estimate. Even when endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), the gold standard for pancreatic cancer screening, is utilized, early detection with surgical cure has rarely been accomplished. Needed to ameliorate this problem is research into genetic and environmental risk factors and their interaction. The identification of tumor biomarkers which signal early pathogenetic events, thereby enabling pancreatic cancer to be diagnosed at its earliest possible stage before it has spread to regional lymph nodes or to more distant sites, will improve the outlook. We discuss our research approaches to this problem. Members of families with the p16 germline mutation will undergo EUS coupled with the collection of pancreatic juice for the study of a possible gradient for telomerase activity, K-ras mutations, and cytology. If changes in these putative biomarkers are observed, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) would be the next diagnostic step. We conclude with a discussion of ethical concerns about this research.
Thermodynamic analysis and mass flux of the HgZnTe-HgI2 chemical vapor transport system

A comprehensive thermo-chemical analysis of the HgZnTe-HgI2 chemical vapor transport (CVT) system was performed. The equilibrium partial pressures of vapor species were calculated and the mass flux equations of the four major species solved simultaneously using numerical methods. The mass transport rates and the alloy compositions of the deposited material as a function of transport agent (HgI2) pressure and of undercooling temperature are predicted for fixed source temperature (600°C) and composition, Hg0.84Zn0.16Te. The reasonably good agreement between the experimental mass transport results and the theoretical calculations confirms the validity of the analytical model applied to the CVT process of this system.
Effect of high protein diet on stone-forming propensity and bone loss in rats

Effect of high protein diet on stone-forming propensity and bone loss in rats. Background High protein diets are believed to cause kidney stone formation and bone loss, but the mechanisms mediating these changes are unknown. The purpose of this study was to create an animal model of animal protein excess and to evaluate the response of kidney and bone to the dietary protein load. Methods Rats (12 per group) were pair-fed with a high (48%) and low (12%) casein diets that were otherwise identical in their content of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Results Compared with the low casein group, the high casein group delivered a substantial acid load during 59days of study, since it significantly decreased urinary pH, and increased urinary ammonium, titratable acidity, and net acid excretion. Animals on high casein diet also had higher urinary volumes. On the high casein diet, urinary calcium excretion was significantly higher and urinary citrate excretion and concentration was significantly lower. On the high casein diet, urinary saturation of calcium phosphate was higher. Serum calcitriol concentration did not significantly differ between the two groups. Histomorphometric analysis of femur procured after 59days on the diet showed marked increase in bone resorption in the high casein group. Hypocitraturia was associated with increased activity of sodium-citrate cotransporter in renal cortical brush-border membranes (BBM) in the high casein group. Conclusion Both the kidney and bone contribute to the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria during high casein diet in rats. Hypocitraturia is probably renal in origin. This rat model will be useful in elucidating the mechanisms by which high protein intake increases the risk of nephrolithiasis and bone loss in human beings.
Soil layer models created with profile cone penetrometer data

In creating soil layer models for our study site, we were challenged (i) to express vagueness of our soil data, while at the same time maintaining adherence to systematic classification principles, and (ii) to describe continuously the spatial distribution of soil materials and layers in three dimensions. We developed a method to create 3-dimensional (3-D) continuous soil layer models describing the distribution of soil materials, reworked loess vs. glacial till. Soil attribute data such as texture, bulk density and water content, in combination with penetration resistance obtained with a profile cone penetrometer on a 10-m grid, were used to describe soil materials and layers. We compared crisp hierarchical clustering with fuzzy k-mean classification in creating soil layer models for a 2.73-ha site in southern Wisconsin. The continuous 3-D soil layer models were developed using horizontal ordinary kriging and vertical linear interpolation. Validation proved that the crisp 3-D soil layer model predicted soil layers more accurately than the fuzzy 3-D soil layer model. We conclude that at the working scale, the crisp classification is superior to the fuzzy classification.
Improvement of particle concentration prediction in large-eddy simulation by defiltering

The main aim of this work is to investigate how reconstructing instantaneous carrier-phase velocities from filtered ones through defiltering improves the prediction of particle concentration in large-eddy simulation (LES) of particle-laden turbulent flows. A particle-laden homogeneous turbulent shear flow is simulated by LES employing the approximate deconvolution method (ADM) to approximate the instantaneous velocities of the carrier phase at the location of particles to solve their Lagrangian momentum equations. The carrier phase is simulated using a Fourier pseudo-spectral method with dynamic Smagorinsky model for subgrid-scale closures. The level of particle concentration is measured by the radial distribution function of particles and the probability density function of the particle number density. Particles with various time constants and terminal velocities are considered and it is shown that employing ADM highly improves the prediction of particle concentration by LES as results are compared against the results obtained by the direct numerical simulation performing a posteriori test.
Forskolin stimulates cyclic AMP synthesis, lowers intraocular pressure and increases outflow facility in rabbits.

The intracellular pathway by which β-adrenergic agonists and antagonists affect aqueous humor dynamics involves the intracellular mediator, cyclic AMP. We have therefore tested the activity of forskolin, a direct activator of adeny-late cyclase, in rabbits.Following a 15 min in vitro incubation in the presence of forskolin (15 μM) and isobutylmethylxanthine, a 10 fold increase in cyclic AMP was found in both rabbit iris-ciliary body and scleral-trabecular rings relative to controls.Following an intracameral injection of forskolin (10 μg) a time-dependent decrease in intraocular pressure was observed, which reached a mean decrease of 5 mm Hg at 4 hr in unanesthetized rabbits. Outflow facility was measured in anesthetized rabbits by constant pressure perfusion before injection and 1 hr after injection of either forskolin (10 μg) or control vehicle. Forskolin caused an approximate doubling of outflow facility (0.41 μl/min/mm Hg) compared to the preinjection mean value. Control vehicle, ethyl alcohol, caused ...
A SAS procedure based on mixture models for estimating developmental trajectories

This article introduces a new SAS procedure written by the authors that analyzes longitudinal data (developmental trajectories) by fitting a mixture model. The TRAJ procedure fits semiparametric (discrete) mixtures of censored normal, Poisson, zero-inflated Poisson, and Bernoulli distributions to longitudinal data. Applications to psychometric scale data, offense counts, and a dichotomous prevalence measure in violence research are illustrated. In addition, the use of the Bayesian information criterion to address the problem of model selection, including the estimation of the number of components in the mixture, is demonstrated.
Complex particle emission from decaying regions of high excitation formed in C 12 induced reactions on Au 197 at E A = 30 MeV

Energy spectra of complex nuclei (${Z}_{f}=5\ensuremath{-}10$) emitted in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$+$^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\frac{E}{A}=30$ MeV were measured at angles significantly larger than the grazing angle. The angular dependence of these energy spectra gives clear evidence for the emission of these complex fragments prior to the attainment of statistical equilibrium of the compound nucleus. The qualitative features of the data are rather well described by assuming that complex fragments are emitted from a localized region of high excitation which is in the process of equilibration with the surrounding cold nuclear matter or, alternatively, that the target nucleus is shattered into several fragments by the incoming projectile.
Theory of Surface Effects on the Thermal Diffuse Scattering of X Rays or Electrons from Crystal Lattices

A theory has been developed for the effect of a free surface on the thermal diffuse scattering of x rays or electrons from a crystal lattice. The harmonic approximation is employed. It is assumed that the scattering is entirely from the surface layer. The results are presented both in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the dynamical matrix and in terms of a function of the dynamical matrix itself. An alternative treatment based on thermodynamic Green's functions has also been developed and applied to the monatomic simple lattice with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor central interactions. Explicit formulas are obtained for the isotropic case in the high-temperature limit when the difference between the outgoing and incoming wave vectors of the radiation is near a reciprocal lattice rod. A comparison between the surface and bulk cases is given.
Impact of Feedback and Didactic Sessions on the Reporting Behavior of Upper Endoscopic Findings by Physicians and Nurses

Background & Aims: Guidelines for reporting Barrett's esophagus and hiatal hernia measurements and reflux esophagitis grades have been developed to improve consistency, communication, and, ultimately, patient care. Our aims were to assess the percentage of cases in which findings were reported in accordance with guidelines and to assess the impact of education and feedback on reporting behavior. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study design was used. Chart reviews were performed for all adult patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at a tertiary care center during three 2-month time periods during a 12-month interval: Time 1 (March 1, 2004–April 30, 2004), Time 2 (July 1, 2004–August 31, 2004), and Time 3 (March 1, 2005–April 30, 2005). Standardized educational sessions began 2 years before Time 1. No intervention took place between Time 1 and Time 2; data were collected to examine secular change. Between Time 2 and Time 3, individual and group feedback and refresher sessions were given. Results: Five thousand six hundred nine eligible esophagogastroduodenoscopies were performed, of which 2675 demonstrated Barrett's esophagus, hiatal hernia, and/or reflux esophagitis. At baseline, Barrett's esophagus and hiatal hernia measurements were dictated correctly in a median of 67% and 86% of cases, respectively, improving to 100% (P
Visualizing Spatial Heterogeneity of Western U.S. Climate Variability

Abstract Monthly climatologies (1971–2000 monthly averages) for stations in the western United States, obtained from the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), are used to illustrate the spatial variations in the annual cycle of climate. Animated map sequences of temperature and precipitation, their average, intermonthly changes, and the local timing of annual maxima or minima provide a comprehensive spatiotemporal baseline of regional climate. The animated maps illustrate three scales of variation: 1) broadscale patterns related to the annual cycle of insolation and hemispheric-scale atmospheric circulation features; 2) mesoscale patterns related to location on the continent and the influence of specific regional circulation features like those associated with the North American monsoon; and 3) smaller-scale spatial variations, related to the mediation by local physiography of the influence of large-scale circulation. Although most western U.S. stations have temperature maxima in July, a delay occurs...
Correction for scattered radiation and other background signals in dual-energy computed tomography material thickness measurements

Both beam hardening and the detection of scattered radiation cause nonlinearity errors in x-ray computed tomography (CT), leading to artifacts and CT number inaccuracies. Dual-energy measurements can be used to correct beam hardening effects to a high degree of accuracy. However, in the imaging of thick body sections the transmitted intensity of the primary beam is low, making scatter the most significant cause of CT number inaccuracy. Furthermore, the scatter-to-primary ratio is energy dependent, causing a shift in the apparent effective atomic number of the absorbing material. We have measured scatter under a variety of conditions on a third generation CT scanner with dual-energy capability in order to determine its effect on the accuracy of quantitative measurements. The effects of off focus radiation, detector cross-talk, and detector dark current were also accounted for in the analysis of the measured scatter data. Our results indicate that on this well collimated system, an accurate correction for scatter can be made based on the detected intensity in projections.
Nucleolar Aberrations in Frog Kidney Tumour Cells

ACCORDING to Gates1, the nucleolus was apparently the first intranuclear organelle described; yet its function in the normal cell has never been fully clarified2, nor has its possible malfunction in malignant cells3,4. But Caspersson5 has held that chromatin associated with the nucleolus and the genes which govern its function must play a part in carcinogenesis.
APOBEC3H haplotypes and HIV-1 pro-viral vif DNA sequence diversity in early untreated human immunodeficiency virus–1 infection

Abstract We examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the APOBEC3 locus on chromosome 22, paired with population sequences of pro-viral human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) vif from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from 96 recently HIV-1–infected treatment-naive adults. We found evidence for the existence of an APOBEC3H linkage disequilibrium (LD) block associated with variation in GA→AA, or APOBEC3F/H signature, sequence changes in pro-viral HIV-1 vif sequence (top 10 significant SNPs with a significant p = 4.8 × 10 −3 ). We identified a common five position risk haplotype distal to APOBEC3H (A3Hrh). These markers were in high LD (D′ = 1; r 2 = 0.98) to a previously described A3H “RED” haplotype containing a variant (E121) with enhanced susceptibility to HIV-1 Vif. This association was confirmed by a haplotype analysis. Homozygote carriers of the A3Hrh had lower GA->AA (A3F/H) sequence editing upon pro-viral HIV-1 vif sequence ( p = 0.01), and lower HIV-1 RNA levels over time during early, untreated HIV-1 infection, ( p = 0.015 mixed effects model). This effect may be due to enhanced susceptibility of A3H forms to HIV-1 Vif mediated viral suppression of sequence editing activity, slowing viral diversification and escape from immune responses.
N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Agonism and Antagonism Within the Amygdaloid Central Nucleus Suppresses Pain Affect: Differential Contribution of the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray

Abstract The amygdala contributes to the generation of pain affect, and the amygdaloid central nucleus (CeA) receives nociceptive input that is mediated by glutamatergic neurotransmission. The present study compared the contribution of N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonism and antagonism in the CeA to generation of the affective response of rats to an acute noxious stimulus. Vocalizations that occur following a brief tail shock (vocalization afterdischarges) are a validated rodent model of pain affect and were preferentially suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, by bilateral injection into the CeA of NMDA (.1, .25, .5, or 1 μg/side) or the NMDA receptor antagonist d-(–)-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid (AP5; 1, 2, or 4 μg/side). Vocalizations that occur during tail shock were suppressed to a lesser degree, whereas spinal motor reflexes (tail flick and hind limb movements) were unaffected by injection of NMDA or AP5 into the CeA. Injection of NMDA, but not AP5, into the CeA increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, and unilateral injection of the μ-opiate receptor antagonist H-d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH 2 (CTAP; .25 μg) into ventrolateral periaqueductal gray prevented the antinociception generated by injection of NMDA into the CeA. These findings demonstrate that although NMDA receptor agonism and antagonism in the CeA produce similar suppression of pain behaviors, they do so via different neurobiologic mechanisms. Perspective The amygdala contributes to production of the emotional dimension of pain. NMDA receptor agonism and antagonism within the CeA suppressed rats' emotional response to acute painful stimulation. Understanding the neurobiology underlying emotional responses to pain will provide insights into new treatments for pain and its associated affective disorders.
The thermoinsulation effect of snow cover within a climate model

We use a state of the art climate model (CAM3-CLM3) to investigate the sensitivity of surface climate and land surface processes to treatments of snow thermal conductivity. In the first set of experiments, the thermal conductivity of snow at each grid cell is set to that of the underlying soil (SC-SOIL), effectively eliminating any insulation effect. This scenario is compared against a control run (CTRL), where snow thermal conductivity is determined as a prognostic function of snow density. In the second set of experiments, high (SC-HI) and low (SC-LO) thermal conductivity values for snow are prescribed, based on upper and lower observed limits. These two scenarios are used to envelop model sensitivity to the range of realistic observed thermal conductivities. In both sets of experiments, the high conductivity/low insulation cases show increased heat exchange, with anomalous heat fluxes from the soil to the atmosphere during the winter and from the atmosphere to the soil during the summer. The increase in surface heat exchange leads to soil cooling of up to 20 K in the winter, anomalies that persist (though damped) into the summer season. The heat exchange also drives an asymmetric seasonal response in near-surface air tempera- tures, with boreal winter anomalies of +6 K and boreal summer anomalies of -2 K. On an annual basis there is a net loss of heat from the soil and increases in ground ice, leading to reductions in infiltration, evapotranspiration, and photosynthesis. Our results show land surface processes and the surface climate within CAM3-CLM3 are sensitive to the treatment of snow thermal conductivity.
Intracellular calcium activity in split frog skin epithelium: Effect of cAMP

Measurement of intracellular calcium activity (aCac) by ion-selective microelectrodes has previously been technically limited to relatively large cells (≳20 μm). We now report results obtained with this technique in the small epithelial cells (≲10 μm) of split frog skin using microelectrodes having an outer tip diameter of <0.2 μm. The basolateral membrane potential was measured with Ca2+-selective microelectrodes (ECasc) and with reference micropipettes (ψsc) either sequentially or simultaneously in 15 successful experiments. Under baseline conditions,aCac was measured to be 215±39nm (mean±se), in close agreement with the mean values estimated from published data obtained withNecturus proximal tubule. Stimulation of Na+ transport across six skins with 1mm serosal 8p-chlorophenylthio-3′,5′ cyclic AMP (CPTcAMP) increasedaCac by a factor of 2.6±0.6. The increase inaCac preceded the CPTcAMP-induced increase inIsc. The results of the present study indicate that electrometric determination of intracellular calcium activity is now feasible in a much wider range of cell systems than heretofore possible. CPT cAMP elevates intracellular Ca2+ activity; this phenomenon is an early event, preceding the natriferic effect of CPTcAMP.
Antagonism of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) leads to reduced proliferation and apoptosis in MDA231 breast cancer cells.

GHRH, in addition to stimulating the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary, is a trophic factor for pituitary somatotrophs. Growth hormone-releasing hormone is also expressed in the gonads, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, thymus, and lymphocytes, as well as in tumors of the pancreas, lung, central nervous system, and breast. Since GHRH has mitogenic effects, we examined the hypothesis that GHRH is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in neoplastic breast tissue. The effect of disrupting endogenous GHRH on cell growth and apoptosis of MDA231 cells was examined through the use of a competitive GHRH antagonist, [N-acetyl-Tyr1, D-Arg2] fragment 1–29Amide (GHRHa). Cell proliferation was determined by direct cell counting and tritiated thymidine incorporation. Apoptosis was analyzed by examination of DNA laddering and nuclear condensation. GHRHa resulted in a dose-dependent, transient, and reversible decrease in cell number, proliferation rate, and tritiated thymidine uptake. Conversely, GHRHa led to a marked and dose-dependent increase in both DNA laddering and nuclear condensation. These results indicate that disruption of endogenous GHRH action in MDA231 cells results in both decreased cellular proliferation and increased apoptosis. Taken together, the findings suggest that endogenous GHRH acts as an autocrine/paracrine factor in the regulation of growth of at least some breast cancer cell types.
Civic Service in North America

Civic service is well established in North America, where the United States and Canada are among the world leaders. The evolution of civic service has not been a story of continuous growth but rather one of episodic and cyclical development. The past decade’s events indicate that civic service is in a new cycle of growth and innovation. Among the reasons for the health of civic service in North America are the institutional structures there that define it. Civic service institutions in Mexico, largely because of its status as a developing country, are less accessible and less supportive of the service role than institutions in the rest of North America, where civic service is widely accessible to all types of servers and all social sectors are legitimately perceived as civic service providers. Open access is complemented by incentives and support for servers and organizations providing service opportunities. Several priorities are identified for further research.
Collagen synthesis and fibrogenesis in scurvy.

Abstract A study was made of the uptake of labeled amino acids into collagen extractable with dilute salt solution from skin of ascorbic acid-deficient guinea-pigs. Greatly reduced collagen synthesis was demonstrated. By the use of different concentrations of extraction media, the degree of cross linking i.e. aggregation of the newly formed collagen into fibrils was followed. It is suggested that this aggregation is unaffected by ascorbic acid deficiency. By incorporating different labels ( 14 C and 3 H) into the collagen at 48-h intervals, the breakdown of newly formed aggregates was studied. Increased lability of these aggregates does not seem to be a factor in scurvy.
Heritable aspects of salt sensitivity

Abstract Dietary salt reduction is an important nonpharmacologic remedy for mild hypertension as well as a useful adjunct to drug treatment. However, a reduced salt intake diet is not effective in reducing the blood pressure of all hypertensive patients. Several lines of evidence indicate that some patients are salt-sensitive whereas others are salt-resistant. A series of investigations have been conducted showing that the blood pressure responses to either acute salt and volume loading or to a reduced dietary salt intake are normally distributed. Blood pressure, humoral regulators of blood pressure and renal sodium handling are each found to be influenced by genetic variance. The change in blood pressure from dietary salt reduction is influenced by genetic variance as well. Definitions of salt sensitivity and resistance were formulated, and salt sensitivity of blood pressure was found to occur significantly more often in black than in white Americans. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that measurement of phenotypes of haptogtobin in blood may assist in identifying salt-sensitive and salt-resistant subjects. Trials of a reduced salt intake diet in pharmacologically treated hypertensive patients are currently being conducted. The data suggest that at least half of the patients are salt-sensitive and that their medications may be reduced in response to the intervention. Results of this study may be of relevance to many of the 60 million Americans with hypertension, particularly to those who are black and elderly.
Advocates for environmental justice: the role of the champion in public participation implementation

That segment of the community I would say is just in general pretty disenfranchised. We found that if you want participation you have to go to them. I mean there are days when you just need to go knock on the door. Brownfields developer in a poor urban neighbourhood This article considers the role that champions play as advocates for socioeconomically disadvantaged community member involvement in environmental management decision-making. Six case studies of brownfields redevelopment projects located in poor urban neighbourhoods are examined. Analysis of these case studies reveals how champion behaviour, which has typically been studied only in the context of technological innovation, is enacted in public participation efforts in the service of environmental justice. The study finds that champions who emerge in these settings lead the development and implementation of non-standard public participation process innovations.
Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Proangiogenic Factors by the Unfolded Protein Response

Background Inadequate extracellular conditions can adversely affect the environment of the ER and impinge on the maturation of nascent proteins. The resultant accumulation of unfolded proteins activates a signal transduction pathway, known as the unfolded protein response, which serves primarily to protect the cell during stress and helps restore homeostasis to the ER.
Portfolio Crowding-Out, Empirically Estimated

This paper tests hypotheses regarding the parameters in investors' asset-demand functions. The hypothesis that federal bonds are closer substitutes for equity than for money implies "portfolio crowding out" by federal borrowing. Regression studies of asset-demand functions have needed to impose prior beliefs to obtain precise and plausible estimates for the parameters. This paper uses a MLE technique that dominates regression in that it makes full use of the constraint that the parameters are not determined arbitrarily but rather are determined by mean-variance optimization on the part of the investor. The striking conclusion is that portfolio effects are close to zero.
Community-based addiction treatment staff attitudes about the usefulness of evidence-based addiction treatment and CBO organizational linkages to research institutions.

This national study of community-based addiction-treatment organizations’ (CBOs) implementation of evidence-based practices explored CBO Program Directors’ (n = 296) and clinical staff (n = 518) attitudes about the usefulness of science-based addiction treatment. Through multivariable regression modeling, the study identified that identical factors were associated with directors, and staff attitudes about the usefulness of science-based addiction treatment. For both directors and staff working in an organization that was affiliated with a research institution, working in an organization with better internet technology (measured through TCU-ORC scores) and having higher levels of education were all significantly associated with having more positive attitudes regarding science-based addiction treatment. Implications: government policy that promotes the hiring of addiction treatment clinical staff with professional degrees and encourages the development of linkages between addiction treatment researchers and treatment staff may positively impact attitudes and use of evidence-based addiction treatment practices (EBPs) in CBOs.
On an example of Simon

Abstract Using the Stone spaces of subalgebras of P ( N )/fin , Petr Simon constructed an extremely clever example of a compactification of N which has (1) a sequentially compact remainder and (2) no nontrivial sequence in N converges. Because of the use of Stone spaces this compactification is zero-dimensional. In this paper we provide a method of constructing examples having properties (1) and (2) while controlling other properties of the remainder. For example, the remainder may be connected.
The Effect of Hospital Electronic Health Record Adoption on Nurse-Assessed Quality of Care and Patient Safety

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of having a basic electronic health record (EHR) on nurse-assessed quality of care, including patient safety. Few large-scale studies have examined how adoption of EHRs may be associated with quality of care. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of nurse and hospital survey data was conducted. The final sample included 16,352 nurses working in 316 hospitals in 4 states. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between basic EHR adoption and nurse-assessed quality of care outcomes. Nurses working in hospitals with basic EHRs consistently reported that poor patient safety and other quality outcomes occurred less frequently than reported by nurses working in hospitals without an EHR. Our findings suggest that the implementation of a basic EHR may result in improved and more efficient nursing care, better care coordination, and patient safety.
A lifestyle activity intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Summary Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have lower levels of physical activity compared to age-matched controls, and they limit physical activities requiring normal exertion. Our purpose was to compare the effectiveness of a traditional exercise therapy (TET) program with a behavioral lifestyle activity program (LAP) in promoting physical activity. Methods Moderate physical activity (kcal/week) was assessed in 176 COPD patients using the Community Health Activities Model for Seniors questionnaire. Patients were randomized to either a three month TET program that meet thrice weekly or a LAP. The LAP was designed to teach behavioral skills that encouraged the daily accumulation of self-selected physical activities of at least moderate intensity. Interventionist contact was similar (36 h) between the two groups. Patients were assessed at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months. Results Compared to baseline values, self-reported moderate physical activity increased three months post-randomization with no significant difference (p = 0.99) found between the TET (2501 ± 197 kcal/week) and the LAP (2498 ± 211 kcal/week). At 6 and 12 months post-randomization, there were no significant differences (p = 0.37 and 0.69, respectively) in self-reported levels of moderate physical activity between the TET (2210 ± 187 and 2213 ± 218 kcal/week, respectively) and the LAP (2456 ± 198 and 2342 ± 232 kcal/week, respectively). Conclusion Although there was no difference between treatment groups, the TET and the LAP were both effective at in increasing moderate levels of physical activity at 3 months and maintaining moderate physical activity levels 12 months post-randomization. This clinical trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov . Its identifier is NCT00328484.
Doubly stochastic measures with hairpin support

Seethoff and Shiflett [5] proved nice uniqueness theorems concerning doubly stochastic measures supported on the union of the graphs of two functions, but the existence theorems were more elusive. In this present paper, using a functional equations approach, not only uniqueness results but also existence theorems are obtained for doubly stochastic measures with support sets of the form g∪g-1 where g is an increasing homeomorphism of [0,1] onto itself such that g(x) whenever 0<x<1.
In-flight cabin smoke control

Fatal accidents originating from in-flight cabin fires comprise only about 1% of all fatal accidents in the civil jet transport fleet. Nevertheless, the impossibility of escape during flight accentuates the hazards resulting from low visibility and toxic gases. Control of combustion products in an aircraft cabin is affected by several characteristics that make the aircraft cabin environment unique. The aircraft fuselage is pressurized in flight and has an air distribution system which provides ventilation jets from the ceiling level air inlets running along the cabin length. A fixed quantity of ventilation air is metered into the cabin and air discharge is handled primarily by pressure controlling outflow valves in the rear lower part of the fuselage. Earlier airplane flight tests on cabin smoke control used generators producing minimally buoyant smoke products that moved with and served as a telltales for overall cabin ventilation flows. Analytical studies were done with localized smoke production to predict the percent of cabin length that would remain smoke-free during continuous generation. Development of a buoyant smoke generator allowed simulation of a fire plume with controllable simulated temperature and heat release rates. Tests on a Boeing 757, modified to allow smoke venting out through the top of the cabin, showed that the buoyant smoke front moved at 0.46m/s (1.5ft/sec) with and 0.27m/sec (0.9ft/sec) against, the axial ventilation airflow. Flight tests in a modified Boeing 727 showed that a ceiling level counterflow of about 0.55m/sec (1.8ft/sec) was required to arrest the forward movement of buoyant smoke. A design goal of 0.61m/s (2ft/sec) axial cabin flow would require a flow rate of 99m3/min (3500ft3/min) in a furnished Boeing 757. The current maximum fresh air cabin ventilation flow is 78m3/min (2756 ft3/min). Experimental results indicate that buoyancy effects cause smoke movement behaviour that is not predicted by traditional design analyses and flight test methodologies. Augmenting available ventilation for smoke control remains a design and safety challenge.
Comparison of thermal aftereffect models for estimating the fluctuation field

The sigmoidal decay of the magnetization in log time, which is geometrically similar to the major loop, starts at the major loop and decays to the anhysteretic magnetization for a given holding field. The linear displacement of these curves after normalization with holding field can be used to compute the fluctuation field. This paper discusses the errors in computing this field.
Detection of neutrinoless double-beta decay.

A distinctive feature of the double-beta decay signature that has been neglected in direct counting experiments is the appearance of the daughter atom. The newly created nucleus, usually being stable, is not easily detected. The atomic physics of the daughter, however, may be considerably more accommodating, especially in the case of ionized $^{136}\mathrm{Ba}$ arising from the double-beta decay of $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$. The barium ion isolated in the xenon matrix may be detectable by its laser fluorescence. Coincident detection of the ion and the beta particles could well render background nonexistent.
Encountering Birth: Negotiating Expertise, Networks, and My STS Self

The births of my two children—one in the hospital, one at home—provide a context for thinking about being an STS scholar and practitioner in our technological world. Birth has long served as a site...
Pretreating delintered cottonseed to increase yield of whole kernels

Pretreatment of delintered glandless seed before decortication by (a) heating seed containing different kernel moistures with live steam followed by drying with indirect heat, (b) heating seed containing different kernel moistures with live steam followed by rapid cooling with air, (c) heating seed containing different kernel moistures with superheated steam followed by drying with indirect heat, and (d) heating seed containing different kernel moistures with super-heated steam followed by rapid cooling with air to ambient temperatures, was investigated. Also reported are analytical data which allow an assessment of any changes in protein quality resulting from the treatments applied and data from organoleptic evaluations of treated and untreated glandless cottonseed kernels prepared as high-protein edible nuts.
Realistic subsurface anomaly discrimination using electromagnetic induction and an SVM classifier

The environmental research program of the United States military has set up blind tests for detection and discrimination of unexploded ordnance. One such test consists of measurements taken with the EM-63 sensor at Camp Sibert, AL. We review the performance on the test of a procedure that combines a field-potential (HAP) method to locate targets, the normalized surface magnetic source (NSMS) model to characterize them, and a support vector machine (SVM) to classify them. The HAP method infers location from the scattered magnetic field and its associated scalar potential, the latter reconstructed using equivalent sources. NSMS replaces the target with an enclosing spheroid of equivalent radial magnetization whose integral it uses as a discriminator. SVM generalizes from empirical evidence and can be adapted for multiclass discrimination using a voting system. Our method identifies all potentially dangerous targets correctly and has a false-alarm rate of about 5%.
Analysis of forced convection enhancement in a channel using porous blocks

This work presents a detailed investigation of forced convection enhancement in a channel using multiple emplaced porous blocks. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model is used to characterize the flowfield inside the porous regions in order to account for the inertia effects as well as the viscous effects. Solution of the coupled governing equations for the porous/fluid composite system is obtained using a stream function-vorticity approach. Important fundamental and practical results have been presented and discussed. These results thoroughly document the dependence of the streamline, isotherm, and local Nusselt number distributions on the governing parameters defining the problem, such as the Reynolds number, Darcy number, Prandtl number, inertial parameter, and two pertinent geometric parameters. An in-depth discussion of the formation and variation of the recirculation caused by the porous medium is presented, and the existence of an optimum porous matrix is demonstrated. It is shown that altering some parametric values can have significant and interesting effects on both the flow pattern as well as heat transfer characteristics.
Effect of tilted chest-wall on breast lesion reconstruction

In this paper, we have investigated the effect of the tilted chest-wall under the breast tissue and the mismatch between the titled-interface of the lesion and reference sides on the reconstruction of a target.
Transmucosal endoscopic needle aspiration: Utility in the diagnosis of extrinsic malignant masses of the gastrointestinal tract

Transmucosal endoscopic needle aspiration established the diagnosis in three patients with extrinsic malignant compression of the GI tract. The technique had not been applied previously to the diagnosis of such lesions. Our initial experience shows it to be a safe and effective method.
The serum complement system: a simplified laboratory exercise to measure the activity of an important component of the immune system

The immune system is a vital physiological component that affords animals protection from disease and is composed of innate and adaptive mechanisms that rely on cellular and dissolved components. The serum complement system is a series of dissolved proteins that protect against a variety of pathogens. The activity of complement in serum can be determined by its ability to lyse red blood cells in vitro. Here, we describe a modification of a standard complement hemolysis assay that makes an interesting and informative laboratory exercise suitable for a variety of courses including physiology.
A CFD Analysis of Ventilation Effectiveness in a Partitioned Room

A numerical model has been developed to investigate the contaminant removal and air freshness in a ventilated two-zone enclosure. The average contaminants and the distributions of air age in each zone under variable positions of door, supply and exhaust are compared. The correlation between the average contaminants and each of the main parameters, such as door location, supply and exhaust positions etc., are presented, and the average air ages in both zones are illustrated against door position. It is found that the average air age in the upstream zone is less affected by the door position than that in the downstream zone, and that the door position near the side-walls seems to give better air circulation. It is also concluded that the supply and door positions affect the concentration in the upstream zone significantly, while the exhaust location does not seem to influence the average concentration in either the upstream or the downstream zone.
CINRG pilot trial of coenzyme Q10 in steroid-treated duchenne muscular dystrophy

Introduction: Corticosteroid treatment slows dis- ease progression and is the standard of care for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant that may improve function in dystrophin-defi- cient muscle. Methods: We performed an open-label, '' pilot study of CoQ10 in thirteen 5-10-year-old DMD patients on steroids. The primary outcome measure was the total quantita- tive muscle testing (QMT) score. Results: Twelve of 16 children (mean age 8.03 6 1.64 years) completed the trial. Target se- rum levels of CoQ10 (� 2.5 lg/ml) were shown to be subject- and administration-dependent. Nine of 12 subjects showed an increase in total QMT score. Overall, CoQ10 treatment resulted in an 8.5% increase in muscle strength (P ¼ 0.03). Conclu- sions: Addition of CoQ10 to prednisone therapy in DMD patients resulted in an increase in muscle strength. These results warrant a larger, controlled trial of CoQ10 in DMD. Muscle Nerve 000: 000-000, 2011
The Stanford Linear Collider

The Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) is the first and only high-energy e/sup +/e/sup -/ linear collider in the world. Its most remarkable features are high intensity, submicron sized, polarized (e/sup -/) beams at a single interaction point. The main challenges posed by these unique characteristics include machine-wide emittance preservation, consistent high intensity operation, polarized electron production and transport, and the achievement of a high degree of beam stability on all time scales. In addition to serving as an important machine for the study of Z/sup 0/ boson production and decay using polarized beams, the SLC is also an indispensable source of hands-on experience for future linear colliders. Each new year of operation has been highlighted with a marked improvement in performance. The most significant improvements for the 1994-95 run include new low impedance vacuum chambers for the damping rings, an upgrade to the optics and diagnostics of the final focus systems, and a higher degree of polarization from the electron source. As a result, the average luminosity has nearly doubled over the previous year with peaks approaching 10/sup 30/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ and an 80% electron polarization at the interaction point. These developments as well as the remaining identifiable performance limitations will be discussed.