cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Technique for Enhancing Machine Tool Accuracy by Transferring the Metrology Reference From the Machine Tool to the Workpiece

High-speed machining (HSM) has had a large impact on the design and fabrication of aerospace parts and HSM techniques have been used to improve the quality of conventionally machined parts as well. Initially, the trend toward HSM of monolithic parts was focused on small parts, where existing machine tools have sufficient precision to machine the required features. But, as the technology continues to progress, the scale of monolithic parts has continued to grow. However, the growth of such parts has become limited by the inability of existing machines to achieve the tolerances required for assembly due to the long-range accuracy and the thermal environment of most machine tools. Increasing part size without decreasing the tolerances using existing technology requires very large and very accurate machines in a tightly controlled thermal environment. As a result, new techniques are needed to precisely and accurately manufacture large scale monolithic components. Previous work has established the fiducial calibration system (FCS), a technique, which, for the first time provides a method that allows for the accuracy of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to be transferred to the shop floor. This paper addresses the range of applicability of the FCS, and provides a method to answer two fundamental questions. First, given a set of machines and fiducials, how much improvement in precision of the finished part can be expected? And second, given a desired precision of the finished part, what machines and fiducials are required? The achievable improvement in precision using the FCS depends on a number of factors including, but not limited to: the type of fiducial, the probing system on the machine and CMM, the time required to make a measurement, and the frequency of measurement. In this paper, the sensitivity of the method to such items is evaluated through an uncertainty analysis, and examples are given indicating how this analysis can be used in a variety of cases.
Analysis of blood spots for polyfluoroalkyl chemicals.

Abstract Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been detected in humans, in the environment, and in ecosystems around the world. The potential for developmental and reproductive toxicities of some PFCs is of concern especially to children's health. In the United States, a sample of a baby's blood, called a “dried blood spot” (DBS), is obtained from a heel stick within 48 h of a child's birth. DBS could be useful for assessing prenatal exposure to PFCs. We developed a method based on online solid phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography–isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry for measuring four PFCs in DBS, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorononanoate. The analytical limits of detection using one whole DBS (∼75 μL of blood) were
The Ratio of Pulmonary Arterial Pressure to Pulmonary Vascular Obstruction: Index of Preembolic Cardiopulmonary Status

The magnitude of embolic obstruction as judged by pulmonary angiographic studies has been shown to be directly related to the hemodynamic status after pulmonary embolism in patients free of prior cardiopulmonary disease; however, in patients with prior cardiopulmonary disease, the hemodynamic status after embolism may be determined either by the preembolic hemodynamic status, the magnitude of embolic obstruction, or both. No reliable index has been available to help determine the relative roles of embolism and preembolic hemodynamic disturbances in the postembolic hemodynamic status. The present study suggests that the ratio of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure to the pulmonary angiographic obstruction may effectively distinguish those patients in whom pulmonary embolism is the primary determinant of the postembolic hemodynamic abnormality from those in whom the preembolic hemodynamic abnormalities play the dominant role.
Adiabatic fixed bed gasification of dairy biomass with air and steam

Including dairy biomass (DB) as feedstock in gasification processes for locally based power generation could mitigate the environmental impact from DB produced in large US farms (56 million dry tons per year) and fossil-fuels emissions, since biomass is a CO2 neutral fuel. The current paper presents experimental results obtained from adiabatic, fixed bed gasification of DB using air and steam as oxidizers. The effect of equivalence ratio (ER) and steam to fuel ratio (S:F) ratio on temperature profile, gas composition (CO, CO2, H2, N2, CH4, and C2H6), gross heating value (HHV) and energy conversion efficiency (ECE) are discussed. The results show that the peak temperature (Tpeak), ECE, and CO decrease and H2 and CO2 increase with increase in ER; the increase in S:F at same ER increases H2, CO2, CH4, HHV, and ECE, and decreases CO.
Apparent conversion of adhesive resin in the hybrid layer, Part 1: Identification of an internal reference for Raman spectroscopy and the effects of water storage

Monomer conversion of adhesives in the hybrid layer is important to the quality and longevity of the dentin bond. In this study, degree of conversion and relative co-monomer concentrations of both experimental and commercial adhesive resins were determined using Raman spectroscopy. The objectives were to identify stable Raman scattering peaks to use as internal references and to determine the effect of water storage on measured conversion and co-monomer concentrations. The peak at 605 cm−1 did not change throughout polymerization and is associated with monomers in both adhesives. This peak was used as an internal reference for conversion and composition calculations before and after water storage. Conversion of the adhesive resins immediately after photopolymerization was ∼20% lower than that measured after 24-h water storage. HEMA concentration (relative to bis-GMA) in the adhesive resins immediately after photopolymerization was at least 5 wt % higher than that measured after 24-h water storage. Elution of unreacted HEMA provides a reasonable explanation for the “supposed” change in conversion measurements, which is more appropriately described as apparent conversion. This apparent conversion will impact interpretation of physical properties and structure of the polymer, as well as increase the probability of water penetration and its reaction within the hybrid layer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Hearing preservation surgery for small endolymphatic sac tumors in patients with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of bilateral endolymphatic sac tumors in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and to describe the technique and results of hearing preservation surgery for small endolymphatic sac tumors in a series of patients with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.Study DesignAnalysis of the lit
Androgen-induced alterations in vocalizations of female Xenopus laevis: modifiability and constraints.

We examined effects of exogenous androgen (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) on vocalizations of ovariectomized, adult female South African clawed frogs,Xenopus laevis. When paired with sexually active males, all ovariectomized females exhibited ticking, the unreceptive or ‘release’ call. Ticking consists of low amplitude, regularly spaced clicks with a mean interclick interval of 154 ms. When androgen-treated and paired with sexually active males, these ovariectomized females also exhibited an aberrant call (atypical ticking) in which click multiples replaced the single clicks of ticking. Mean ICI's for atypical ticking were 37 ms for click doublets and 22 ms for click quadruplets. Androgen treatment decreased the total time spent vocalizing (typical and atypical ticking) by ovariectomized females.
Global Terrorism and Military Preemption: Policy Problems and Normative Perils

The Bush administration has shifted from the six-decade US national security strategy of containment to one based on what is called forward deterrence. Consequently, the president now claims for the United States ‘the prerogative of using force preemptively and unilaterally, however its interests dictate’. This represents the most sweeping reformulation of US strategy in over half a century. The result, however, will only erode America's reputation and squander its ability to exercise leadership on pressing global issues.
Identification of previously "undetectable" abnormalities of the bony labyrinth with computed tomography measurement.

Background: In patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), a computed tomography (CT) scan of the temporal bone identifies inner ear malformations in approximately 25%, whereas the inner ear is grossly normal to visual inspection in the remaining 75% of the patients. In the latter group, the hearing loss is often attributed to radiologically undetectable abnormalities of the membranous labyrinth. However, subtle bony malformations may be missed because visual inspection alone is insensitive for detection. Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are subtle bony abnormalities of the inner ear in patients with SNHL who are radiologically deemed to have normal otic bone, using standardized measurements of the inner ear. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: Measurements of the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals (SCCs) were made on axial and coronal temporal bone CT scans on 15 patients with normal hearing and 15 patients with congenital SNHL and grossly normal temporal bone CT scans. Student's t-test was performed to compare the measurements of the two groups. Results: All studies from the SNHL group were deemed normal by visual inspection and standardized measurements (±2 SD from normal). Surprisingly, there were significant differences in the measurements of the cochlea and of the SCCs between patients with and without SHNL (P < .05). Conclusions: As a group, patients with SNHL and a “normal CT scan” have significant differences in the dimensions of the inner ear. This suggests that these patients have disturbed morphogenesis of both membranous and bony labyrinth. This novel observation has important implications for understanding the etiology of SNHL.
THE PURE THEORY OF HOUSEHOLD LOCATION AN AXIOMATIC APPROACH

In this paper, I present an axiomatic basis for the neoclassical model of household location in a monocentric urban area. I generalize the existing framework and demonstrate that many of the conclusions derived using parametric models continue to hold even without the popularly assumed well-behaved utility and transportation cost functions.
Magnetism and energetics of Mn -Doped ZnO ( 10 1 ¯ 0 ) thin films

First-principles calculations based on gradient corrected density functional theory are performed on $\mathrm{Mn}$-doped $\mathrm{ZnO}$ thin film. Magnetism and energetics are studied for two $\mathrm{Mn}$ concentrations and varying $\mathrm{Mn}$ configurations. It is found that in the dilute limit when $\mathrm{Mn}$ atoms are far apart, the ferro-magnetic and antiferromagnetic states are energetically nearly degenerate. The resulting fluctuation would, therefore, make the system paramagnetic as found in the experiment. But, as the concentration of $\mathrm{Mn}$ atoms increases, there is a tendency for $\mathrm{Mn}$ atoms to form nearest neighbors and cluster around oxygen. For such a configuration, the antiferromagnetic coupling between $\mathrm{Mn}$ atoms is energetically more favorable. The results are compared with a diverse range of experiments on $\mathrm{Mn}$-doped $\mathrm{ZnO}$ thin film.
Self-assembly of DNA double-double crossover complexes into high-density, doubly connected, planar structures

We designed a molecular complex, the double-double crossover, consisting of four DNA double helices connected by six reciprocal exchanges. Atomic force micrographs suggest that double-double crossover complexes self-assemble into high-density, doubly connected, two-dimensional, planar structures. Such structures may be suitable as substrates for the deposition of nanomaterials in the creation of high-density electrical and quantum devices. We speculate about a modified double-double crossover complex that might self-assemble into high-density, doubly connected, three-dimensional structures.
Somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR2 and SSTR5 couple negatively to an L-type Ca2+ current in the pituitary cell line AtT-20.

Abstract The somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR2 and SSTR5 mediate distinct endocrine and exocrine functions of somatostatin and may also be involved in mediating the neuromodulatory actions of somatostatin in the brain. To investigate whether these receptors couple to voltage-sensitive Ca 2+ channels, SSTR2 and SSTR5 selective agonists were tested for their effects on AtT-20 cells using whole cell patch clamp techniques. The SSTR2 selective agonist MK 678 inhibited Ca 2+ currents in AtT-20 cells. The effects of MK 678 were reversible and blocked by pertussis toxin pretreatment, suggesting that SSTR2 couples to the L-type Ca 2+ channels via G proteins. Other SSTR2-selective agonists, including BIM 23027 and NC8-12, were able to inhibit the Ca 2+ current in these cells. The SSTR5 selective agonist BIM 23052 also inhibited the Ca 2+ currents in these cells and this effect was reversible and blocked by pertussis toxin treatment. The ability of SSTR5 to mediate inhibition of the Ca 2+ current was greatly attenuated by pretreatment with the SSTR5-selective agonist BIM 23052, whereas SSTR2-mediated inhibition of the Ca 2+ current was not altered by pretreatment with the SSTR2-selective agonist MK 678. Thus, the SSTR2 and SSTR5 couplings to the Ca 2+ current are differentially regulated. The peptide L362,855, which we previously have shown to have high affinity for the cloned SSTR5, had minimal effects on Ca 2+ currents in AtT-20 cells at concentrations up to 100 nM and did not alter the ability of MK 678 to inhibit Ca 2+ currents. However, it completely antagonized the effects of the SSTR5-selective agonist BIM 23052 on the Ca 2+ currents. L362,855 is an antagonist/ partial agonist at SSTR5 since it can reduce Ca 2+ currents in these cells at concentrations above 100 nM. L362,855 is also an antagonist/partial agonist at the cloned rat SSTR5 expressed in CHO cells since it is able to block the inhibition of CAMP accumulation induced by somatostatin at concentrations below 100 nM but at higher concentrations can inhibit CAMP formation itself. Structural analysis of L362,855 reveals that only a single hydroxyl group at residue seven in the peptide is needed to convert the compound from an antagonist/partial agonist to a full agonist at SSTR5. These studies reveal that two different somatostatin receptor subtypes, SSTR2 and SSTR5, can mediate the inhibition of an L-type Ca 2+ channel in AtT-20 cells by somatostatin. The receptor subtype responses can be distinguished by selective agonists and antagonists and are regulated differently by agonist pretreatment. The inhibition of Call influx into endocrine cells and neurons may be a major cellular mechanism by which somatostatin modulates hormone and neurotransmitter release. Our results reveal that at least two receptor subtypes can mediate this cellular response.
Systems engineering of gamma titanium aluminides: impact of fundamentals on development strategy

Abstract In the late 1980's, research on gamma titanium aluminides focused on processing-structure-properties relationships. By the early 1990's, this research raised challenges to the ‘conventional wisdom’ regarding these materials. It was during this time period that the Structural Materials research group at the Materials Directorate constructed a research approach to these materials based upon a systems engineering analysis of alloy technology development. This approach contributed to the emergent successes of these materials and will play an important part in our development of new alloy systems. The approach incorporates analytical, computational and experimental research, over numerous material length and time scales, in parallel efforts. In so doing, the approach intrinsically couples science and engineering, lending insight into ‘best paths’ for engineering development. The integration of such knowledge forms the basis for the most relevant scientific inquiry, and efficient alloy technology development. This manuscript briefly summarizes some impacts of fundamental research on gamma alloys within our systems approach. A variety of scientific and engineering challenges remain to be solved, some of which are discussed. The findings may serve as a framework for future development efforts for other intermetallic systems.
Child day care and the employment of AFDC recipients with preschool children

In the context of recent federal initiatives to increase the affordability, accessibility, and quality of child care for the working poor, this article examines the degree to which expanding the supply of publicly subsidized child care in local communities may promote, through employment, the independence from welfare and economic self-sufficiency of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) recipients with preschool-aged children. In a telephone survey of a random sample of 232 AFDC recipients who participated in a larger federally sponsored demonstration project in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, many respondents reported the lack of available child care as a barrier either to employment or to the attainment of a preferred job. Although it is concluded that increases in the availability of subsidized child care should be a component of any strategy to increase the level of employment participation, continuity, and success for this population, the results underscore the need for a multi-faceted intervention strategy to reduce the welfare dependency and to increase the economic self-sufficiency of these parents. Implications for further research are suggested.
Coordination sphere geometry of tris(acetylacetonato)metal(II) complexes: the crystal and molecular structure of tris(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato)iron(III)

Abstract The molecular structure of tris(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato)iron(III) has been determined by single-crystal diffractometry. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with cell dimension of a = 9.054(7), b = 13.424(5), c = 21.591(16) A and β = 116.71(2)° (Z = Dm = 1.90 g cm−3, Dx = 1.917 g cm−3. A comparison of its coordination sphere geometry with that of tris(acetylacetonato)Fe(III) revealed no significant differences thus strongly suggesting that the coordination sphere geometry of tris(acac)metal(III) complexes is primarily determined by the electronic configuration of the metal ion. Significant bending distortions to the chelate rings and the trifluoromethyl groups are attributed to crystal packing forces.
Percutaneous excimer laser angioplasty of aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts.

Abstract Percutaneous coronary excimer laser angioplasty was successfully performed in two patients. An 85 year old woman with a 99% stenosis in a vein graft to a posterior descending artery had the stenosis reduced to 30% with laser angioplasty. Subsequent balloon angioplasty reduced the stenosis further to 20%. A second patient, a man aged 50 years, had multiple previous balloon angioplasties and stent implantation with two subsequent percutaneous atherectomies. Laser angioplasty of the vein graft to the obtuse marginal branch reduced the first of three sequential lesions from 60% to 40%, the second lesion from 90% to none and the third from 60% to 20% without the need for balloon angioplasty. Both procedures were well tolerated without chest pain, burning, vascular perforation or thrombus formation. These cases demonstrate the feasibility of safely performing percutaneous coronary excimer laser angioplasty. Additional studies are indicated to determine the clinical role and potential benefits of this procedure in relation to established procedures and other experimental devices.
Apparel Exports from China to the United States: A Marxist Perspective

Chinese and U.S. perspectives on trade are very different and thus can lead to misunderstandings. Although researchers in both countries have analyzed problems in trade relationships, they have don...
An adequate calcium and phosphorus dietary regime

Abstract Current estimates of the calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D requirements of the normal human subject are reviewed, with special reference to the adequacy of dietary sources. The general indications for supplementing the diet with medicational sources of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, together with preferred methods of so doing, are considered.
Functioning staff or staffing functions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a model for staffing library functions that is free from the limits of rigid job descriptions.Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces the concept of fluid job descriptions and then explains how to use the concept to balance workloads and solve other problems.Findings – Using this concept allows the best possible use of available talent and skills.Practical implications – Library directors can make their staff assets go further by avoiding the limitations that rigid job descriptions impose.Social implications – This model has the potential for increasing job satisfaction of library staffs as well as the efficiency with which they work together in serving their constituencies.Originality/value – The value of the article is in improving library efficiency, along with employee job satisfaction, by introducing more flexibility into staff workload assignments.
The nitrogen molecule correlation diagram

Abstract An SCF MO computation using a 20-term basis set of STF's (Slater-type functions) was made for the ground state of the nitrogen molecule at 17 internuclear distances R from 0.01 au to the equilibrium distance R e . At each R value, the orbital exponent ζ of each STF was at least singly optimized. In this way a computed MO correlation diagram from R = 0 to R e was obtained.
Partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matter.

Recent work of Cohen, Furnstahl, and Griegel has advanced our understanding of the behavior of quark and gluon condensates in nuclear matter. We make use of their analysis to discuss the role of chiral condensates as they appear in relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory. We find some support for assumptions we used to discuss the properties of nuclear matter in our earlier work. We also find that a rather consistent picture emerges from these studies, when we relate the parameters of the boson-exchange model of nuclear forces to an underlying field-theoretic description of nuclear matter.
Synthesis of pyrimidine acyclonucleosides

Nucleoside analogues of uridine, 5-bromo-, 5-iodo-, and 5-fluorouridines, thymidine and cytidine were prepared by condensing appropriately substituted 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidines with an acyclic side chain in the form of a benzoylated halo-ether, and subsequent removal of the protecting benzoyl group in base. The 2′-O-p-tosylates of these nucleoside analogues could then be modified to 2′-halo-, azido-, and amino derivatives. Many of these compounds are competitive inhibitors of uridine phosphorylase in vitro, the most active being 5-methyl-1-(2′-hydroxyethoxymethyl)uracil.
Plate tectonics conserves angular momentum

© The Author(s), 2010. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in eEarth 5 (2010): 1-20, doi:10.5194/ee-5-1-2010.
The value of instrumental and affective communication skills in different relational stages

The focus of this study was to assess the value that college students place on instrumental and affective communication skills across progressive relational stages in same‐sex relationships. Existing measures were utilized for affective and instrumental skills, however a newly developed communication skill (companionship) was also included. Relational stages included non‐unit (acquaintance), pre‐unit (testing friendship potential), unit (friend), and super‐unit (special friend). Results indicated that participants in non‐unit relationships valued some affective communication skills less tlian did those in pre‐unit, unit, and super‐unit relationships. All relational stages valued instrumental skills equally. Some gender differences were noted.
Clearing Maximum Height With Constrained Kinetic Energy

This paper addresses the question: In order to clear a given height, defined as that which is passed over by all points in the moving body, what is the minimum initial kinetic energy required and what are the other conditions that specify the solution completely? An expression is derived for the height cleared above an original supporting ground plane. This transcendental expression is maximized numerically subject to certain equality and inequality constraints using nonlinear constrained optimization techniques. The optimal solution includes the height cleared and the required control variables. The parameter space of body descriptors in which the optimal solution is presented decomposes into two regions in which the solutions differ qualitatively.
Gas phase oxygen effect on chain scission and monomer content in bulk poly(methyl methacrylate) degraded by external thermal radiation

Abstract The effect of atmospheric oxygen on the thermal decomposition of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, in a slab-like configuration was investigated. Blackbody irradiation of 12 mm thick PMMA slabs on one side was used to simulate the thermal decomposition and gasification of the polymer in a fire environment. Results are reported for chain scission number obtained from molecular weight measurements and for residual monomer content at various levels below the slab surfaces irradiated at 17 and 30 kW/m2 in atmospheres containing 0, 10, 21, and 41% oxygen in nitrogen. The scission number and polydispersity of surface layers, about 0.1 mm thick, were found to increase linearly with the mole fraction of oxygen in nitrogen. Over this range (0 to 41% O2) the scission number increased from 1.5 to 5.0 and the polydispersity increased from 3.6 to 11.3 when the PMMA was degraded at the lower flux, while at the higher flux, the scission number increased from 5.0 to 14.4 with a concomitant polydispersity change from 2.0 to 4.5. These results show that gas phase O2 reacts with the polymer chains, enhancing random scissions and generating functional groups from which depropagation is initiated. This enhanced decomposition increases the transient gasification rate leading to ignition and flame spread.
A wearable face recognition system for individuals with visual impairments

This paper describes the iCare Interaction Assistant, an assistive device for helping the individuals who are visually impaired during social interactions. The research presented here addresses the problems encountered in implementing real-time face recognition algorithms on a wearable device. Face recognition is the initial step towards building a comprehensive social interaction assistant that will identify and interpret facial expressions, emotions and gestures. Experiments conducted for selecting a face recognition algorithm that works despite changes in facial pose and illumination angle are reported. Performance details of the face recognition algorithms tested on the device are presented along with the overall performance of the system. The specifics of the hardware components used in the wearable device are mentioned and the block diagram of the wearable system is explained in detail.
An efficient total synthesis of maleimycin

Abstract Maleimycin ( 1 ), a minor metabolite of Streptomyces showdoensis possesses antibiotic and antitumor activity but is not available in sufficient quantity from natural sources for complete biological testing. Described is an efficient four step total synthesis of racemic maleimycin from readily available cyclopenten-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, which now makes this metabolite available in quantity.
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF CARROT IN HORMONE-FREE MEDIUM: EXTERNAL pH CONTROL OVER MORPHOGENESIS'

Cultures of preglobular stage proembryos (PGSPs) were initiated from mechanically wounded mature zygotic embryos of carrot, Daucus carota, on a hormone-free, semisolid medium. These PGSPs have been maintained and multiplied for extended periods without their progression into later embryo stages on the same hormone-free medium containing 1 mM NH4+ as the sole nitrogen source. Sustained maintenance of cultures comprised exclusively of PGSPs was dependent on medium pH throughout the culture period. Best growth and multiplication of PGSP cultures occurred when the pH of unbuffered, hormone-free medium fell from 4.5 to 4 over a 2-week period or when buffered medium was titrated to pH 4. If the hormone-free medium was buffered to sustain a pH at or above 4.5, PGSPs developed into later embryo stages. Maintenance with continuous multiplication of PGSPs occurred equally well on medium containing NH4+ or NH4+ and NO3-, but growth was poor with NO3- alone. Additional observations on the effects of medium components such as various nitrogen sources and levels, sucrose concentration, semisolid supports, type of buffer, borate concentration, activated charcoal, and initial pH that permit optimum maintenance of the PGSPs or foster their continued developmental progression into mature embryos and plantlets are reported. The influence of the pH of the hormone-free medium as a determinant in maintaining cultures as PGSPs or allowing their continued embryonic development are unequivocally demonstrated by gross morphology, scanning electron microscopy, and histological preparations.
Organizing information into useful management reports: Short cases to illustrate reporting principles and coding

Abstract The accounting information systems course snatches students from their comfort zone of debits and credits and drops them into the position of czar of information needed by managers to make decisions and manage their day-to-day operations. Instructors of this course have the daunting task of teaching students how to report information in a way that it is meaningful to managers. These reports must adhere to principles not necessarily pertinent to the financial statements with which students are already familiar. These principles of management reports include concise and timely reports, inclusion of physical as well as monetary data, and exception reporting. The authors have developed and used three different teaching cases that resemble real-world experience to help students understand and apply these reporting principles. These cases can be used individually, and instructors might choose to use more than one of them in their AIS course. In addition, these cases challenge students to develop data coding methods that must be used to enable the generation of reports adhering to these principles. Learning objectives, implementation guidance, and teaching notes are provided. Feedback from students on the use of these cases has been overwhelmingly positive. The cases were administered at two universities (the authors’ university and another university) during the fall 2013 semester. The questionnaires administered to the instructor and the students are provided. Results included in this paper suggest that both the students and the instructors found the cases interesting and useful.
Carrier-envelope phase stabilized 5.6 fs, 1.2 mJ pulses

Carrier-envelope phase stabilized 1.2 mJ pulses with duration of 5.6 fs were obtained from a Ne filled hollow-core fiber. With power locking the phase is controlled to 370 mrad measured by out-loop f-to-2f interferometery.
Some observations of 2.89 mc/s equivalent antenna temperatures at the auroral zone

Abstract Observations of the noise level on a 2.89 mc/s dipole antenna have been made near College, Alaska, during November, 1959, and January and February, 1960. During noon hours, the signal has the characteristics of thermal noise. Equivalent midday antenna temperatures are in the range 200–1000 °K, and show a negative correlation with Kp. It is believed that the lowest values are reasonably accurate measurements of the D region electron temperatures, and that the D region electrons therefore have temperatures comparable with the ambient gas temperatures. The higher values observed during magnetically quiet periods are attributed to reception of oblique incidence cosmic noise, which has penetrated the ionosphere on the night side of the winter polar cap. Occasionally nighttime observations have been possible during aurora; the resultant effective electron kinetic temperatures, of the order 200–250 °K, indicate that the mean kinetic energy of the electrons in the lower part of the absorbing region is not markedly affected by the presence of aurora
Ultrathin film electrodeposition of polythiophene conjugated networks through a polymer precursor route

The electrodeposition of polysiloxane precursor polymers to form cross-linked conjugated polythiophene ultrathin films is described. The precursor polymer contains a polysiloxane backbone with pendant electroactive thiophene monomer units synthesized via a hydrosilylation reaction. The thiophene units were electropolymerized by cyclic voltammetry. Investigations were made on the oxidation and reduction of the thiophene monomer and the polymers formed. A uniformly smooth layer-by-layer growth of the film was observed by repeated cycling based on the cyclic voltammogram, surface plasmon spectroscopy (SPS), and the atomic force microscopy images. The morphology of the film changed with increasing number of cycles being transformed from a relatively globular to a more membranelike morphology. Correlation was also made on the morphological changes with the electropolymerization process and the extent of cross-linking. UV−vis spectra showed clear evidence of polythiophene structure formation in the cross-linked...
Infection of Popillia japonica larvae with heat-activated spores of Bacillus popilliae☆

Abstract Maximum outgrowth of spores of Bacillus popilliae resulted after they were heated at 50°C, but outgrowth diminished as the temperature was increased to 80°C. Although outgrowth was limited and often variable, infectivity was predictably influenced by heat activation of spores. The greatest number of Popillia japonica larvae (92.6%) were infected by injection of one million spores per larva heated at 50°C. By contrast, maximum infection from the same number of unheated spores was only 38.9%. Infectivity of spores heated at 60°C and at 70°C generally was intermediate between these values; heating at 80°C afforded minimal infectivity. Apparently infectivity depends on the efficacy of spore outgrowth which, in turn, is influenced by appropriate heat treatment.
In vivo spectrometric calcium flux recordings of intrinsic Caudate-Putamen cells and transplanted IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells using miniature fiber optrodes in anesthetized and awake rats and monkeys.

Abstract A method is described to enable the recording of transient intracellular calcium changes in deep brain structures in anesthetized and awake animals using a fluorescent indicator combined with in vivo optical detection methods. Optrodes were fabricated using a bifurcated fiber-optic cable with an attached infusion guide cannula. After intracranial implantation of an optrode, animals were prepared in the following manner, (1) rats (intra-striatal) and monkeys (intra-putamen) were infused with the fluorescent calcium indicator, Oregon Green, to load intrinsic cells; or (2) rats were intra-striatally transplanted with a slurry of dye-loaded IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells via pipette ejection. Excitation light from an argon-ion laser was launched through the optrode and passed into the tissue. The resulting calcium-induced fluorescence signals were captured by the optrode, then detected and processed by externalized photomultiplier- and CCD-based spectrometer electronics. In approximately 25% of all intrinsic cell recordings, the baseline fluorescence intensity was relatively stable over time whereas in the remainder, large amplitude oscillations were observed with a frequency in the range of 0.5–2 Hz. These Ca 2+ transients were inhibited by local infusion of 10 μM ω-conotoxin MVIIC and 1 μM TTX. Extracellular electrophysiological recordings that were made adjacent to the optrode tip revealed that the Ca 2+ oscillations were in phase with the burst firing of striatal neurons. This suggested that the optical signals had a neuronal origin, most likely from medium spiny neurons. Baseline fluorescence intensity increased during infusion of high [K + ] o , the calcium ionophore, A-23187, or during temporary bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Monkey ( Saimiri sciureus ) putamen recordings also affirmed the presence of similar calcium-related transients in a non-human primate. In the transplant preparations, the IMR-32 cells displayed a stable, non-oscillating baseline fluorescence. They were similarly responsive to high [K + ] o challenge and appeared viable for at least several hours. Similar optical recording approaches might be applied to monitor other fluorescent, chemiluminescent or bioluminescent events from almost any brain structure. Moreover, transplanted transfected cells expressing a single specific receptor or ion-channel protein may effectively serve as biosensing elements for the measurement of extracellular neurochemical signaling.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD18 gene encodes a protein that contains potential zinc finger domains for nucleic acid binding and a putative nucleotide binding sequence.

Abstract The RAD18 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for postreplication repair of UV damaged DNA. We have isolated the RAD18 gene, determined its nucleotide sequence and examined if deletion mutations of this gene show different or more pronounced phenotypic effects than the previously described point mutations. The RAD18 gene open reading frame encodes a protein of 487 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 55,512. The RAD18 protein contains three potential zinc finger domains for nucleic acid binding, and a putative nucleotide binding sequence that is present in many proteins that bind and hydrolyze ATP. The DNA binding and nucleotide binding activities could enable the RAD18 protein to bind damaged sites in the template DNA with high affinity. Alternatively, or in addition, RAD18 protein may be a transcriptional regulator. The rad18 deletion mutation resembles the previously described point mutations in its effects on viability, DNA repair, UV mutagenesis, and sporulation.
Functional information: Molecular messages

A quantitative means of comparing the functional abilities of different biopolymers would allow us to dissect out differences and to discern their origins.
Plan recognition for decision support

The author proposes a knowledge-level model for keyhole plan recognition. This model supports knowledge acquisition needed for plan recognition by making explicit and structuring, at an implementation-independent level, the relationships among the types of knowledge and the elements of the reasoning process involved in that knowledge.
Clinical and radiologic staging of locally advanced and inoperable bladder carcinoma

Abstract Twenty-seven patients with locally advanced and inoperable bladder carcinoma (LABCa) were referred for chemotherapy. All were staged by cytoscopy, examination under anesthesia, and computed tomography (CT), and 18 also had bipedal lymphangiography (LAG). In 16 patients (56%), there was agreement between the clinical and the CT staging of the primary bladder tumor. In four of these 16 patients, CT detected lymphadenopathy in three and demonstrated pelvic bone invasion in one. Of the remaining 11 patients, CT underestimated the local extent of the bladder tumor in nine and over-estimated in two. Lymphangiography was abnormal in nine patients (50%), in four of whom the abnormality was not seen on CT scan. Among the ten patients with normal LAG, six had abnormal pelvic nodes detected by CT. The LAG affected the overall staging of the tumor in five patients (16.6%). The total incidence of nodal metastasis as seen on CT, LAG, or both was 72%. Although CT and LAG may not add significantly to the clinical staging of the primary tumor in LABCa, they will affect the overall staging of the tumor by detecting lymphadenopathy. Accurate staging of these patients is important because, with aggressive chemotherapy, some of these patients might become candidates for more radical treatment such as surgery or radiotherapy.
Defect-tolerant demultiplexers for nano-electronics constructed from error-correcting codes

We present a defect-tolerant methodology for the interconnect from conventional microelectronics to nano-electronic circuits. A relatively small amount of redundancy is added to a conventional demultiplexer that enables a specific element in an array of nano-wires to be addressed even if one or more connections to that nano-wire are defective. The k-bit address for each nano-wire is extended to a k+s-bit address by appending s check bits generated by an encoder. We demonstrate a systematic strategy for selecting effective encoding functions, based on error-correcting codes commonly used for digital data transmission. Small numbers of redundant address wires can provide significant protection from fabrication errors at the nano-scale in order to attain desired manufacturing yields. This coding gain can translate into significant economic gains in manufacturing costs.
Using molecular tweezers to move and image nanoparticles

The ability to manipulate nanoparticles is significant in nanoscale science and technology. As sizes of the objects scale down to the sub-10 nm regime, it imposes a great challenge for the conventional optical tweezers. There has been much effort to explore alternative manipulation methods including using nanostructures, electron beams, scanning probes, etc. In this paper, an overview of the latest advances in trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles with a focus on the emergent electron tweezers is provided.
Management components in irrigation system design and operation

Abstract Irrigation systems in developing countries are often inefficient, both in water use and in cropping effectiveness. Studies in the Philippines, Taiwan and other parts of Asia suggest that in design and operation management constraints are considered inadequately. Designs based on preconceived norms of efficiency often fail to recognise the role of water as a factor substitute for such inputs as labour, capital and managerial skill. Similarly, they fail to recognise that public objectives for system performance are usually not congruent with farmer objectives or even with those of the irrigation bureaucracy. The studies and experience in Asia suggest that significant improvements can result when these different objectives, with their management implications, are considered in design and operation, and when more effective feedback and response mechanisms are included. The lack of understanding of peasant farmer objectives and of appropriate linkages between such farmers and irrigation bureaucracies also suggests that the relative advantages of small irrigation systems should be considered carefully when decisions about new systems are made.
Requirement of Ecm and Insulin For Maintenance of Liver-Specific Functions and Cell Survival in Primary Rat Hepatocytes

INTRODUCTION. Primary rat hepatocytes are a potentially valuable model system for assessing liver-specific responses to pharmaceutical and toxicological agents. However, many culture renditions exist that are of questionable relevance to hepatocyte biology in vivo. Maintenance of liver-specific gene expression indices and patterning of appropriate hepatocyte responsiveness to drug or chemical exposure requires a highly defined and phenotypically stable culture system (1,2,3). In our laboratory’s ongoing efforts to better define in vitro conditions that accurately reproduce in vivo patterns of hepatocyte expression, we have investigated the interplay between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and various trophic factors (4,5). In the present study, we assessed the critical interactions of ECM and insulin in primary rat hepatocytes cultures (6) and evaluated their combined cytoprotective effects. We examined a full range of insulin concentrations, representing fasted, fed, and super-physiological levels of the hormone. METHOD. Primary hepatocytes were isolated from adult rat liver and cultured as previously described (3,6). Briefly, cells were plated on tissue culture treated or on collagen 1, 4 or laminin-coated dishes. A range of dilute concentrations (25–250 µg/ml) of ECM was added as an overlay, 4 h after plating. Cells were also cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of insulin (0,0.01,0.1,1,10,1000 nM) for a 96h period. Cells were treated daily with phenobarbital (0.5 mM; PB) for 24h and total RNA isolated and examined by slot-blot hybridization for cytochrome P450 (CYP) and other markers of liver-specific gene expression. In addition, cell lysates were prepared daily and examined for phosphorylation status of PKB and SAPK/JNK. Accompanying nuclear extracts were prepared for each treatment and examined by EMSA for nuclear mobilization of various transcription factors involved in hepatocyte differentiation, survival and stress response. RESULTS. Dilute ECM additions, even 25-75 µg/ml, enabled preservation of normal hepatocyte morphology and markedly facilitated the response profiles of liver specific genes. Cultivation of primary hepatocytes under low concentrations of insulin (<1 nM) resulted in the maintenance of maximal PB-inducible CYP2B1/2 and 3A1 gene expression for 48-72h postplating; although 10 nM insulin was required to maintained appropriate induction responses at longer culture intervals. Maintenance of cultures in <1 nM insulin for long culture periods also resulted in compromised morphological integrity of the hepatocytes. The 1 nM insulin concentrations were optimally effective in maintaining CYP2E1 expression up to 96h in culture at levels equivalent to that obtained in freshly isolated hepatocytes. In contrast, levels of the liver-specific genes, albumin and transferrin, were significantly reduced under the restricted insulin concentrations. A pronounced elevation in SAPK/JNK phosphorylation status
Service Coordinators' Perceptions of Autism-Specific Screening and Referral Practices in Early Intervention.

Service coordinators in a statewide early intervention program were surveyed to develop an understanding of screening and referral practices to identify children on the autism spectrum. Quantitative and qualitative data summarizing autism-specific screening and referral practices are reported. More than 50% of the respondents reported that they had never received a referral from a physician or another early intervention provider because a child has failed an autism-specific screening. While service coordinators identified that early intervention providers have a role in conducting autism-specific screening, more than 50% of the respondents indicated that they do not see autism-specific screening completed in early intervention settings. More than 80% of the respondents identified “a lack of knowledge” as the most significant barrier to autism-specific screening. Together, these findings suggest that early intervention providers may benefit from professional development that imparts knowledge, teaches skil...