cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fishtail deformity of the distal humerus: association with osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum.

Fishtail deformity is a rare deformity of the humerus exhibiting concavity of the lateral trochlea, resulting in ulnotrochlear joint derangement. We wanted to share our experience that osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum is a common associated complication. To summarize imaging of fishtail deformity in children centered on complications of the radiocapitellar joint. From the radiology information system, we identified all patients <18 years with the diagnosis of fishtail deformity. We included only patients with V-shaped deformity of the distal humerus due to concavity at the lateral trochlea (fishtail deformity). Each patient’s initial injury, most recent radiograph and available MRI were evaluated for radiocapitellar joint derangement. Seven patients (4 males) with a mean age of 12.9 years (range: 9.7 to 14.4 years) were identified. Radiocapitellar joint abnormalities were identified in six patients including osteoarthritis (n=5), flattened and sclerotic capitellum (n=4), osteochondritis dissecans (2 associated with loose body, n=4) and radial head subluxation (n=2). In 4 patients, MRI detected changes of osteoarthritis (n=4), osteochondritis dissecans (n=2) and loose body (n=1) not identified on radiography. Two patients with osteochondritis dissecans underwent surgery and one patient has planned surgery. Radiocapitellar joint abnormalities (particularly, capitellar osteochondritis dissecans) are common in patients with fishtail deformities. MRI should be performed in these patients since some abnormalities, possibly requiring surgery, are not detected on elbow radiographs.
Development of the Stress Concept

Studies of stress, and particularly of psychological stress, have shifted focus and become considerably more sophisticated since the mid-1960s, when we assembled an interdisciplinary group of American and Canadian investigators at York University in Toronto, for an assessment of issues in stress research (Appley & Trumbull, 1967). Some of the same fundamental problems remain today, it seems to us, though their dimensions have been sharpened in many respects by nearly two decades of research and theory development that have occurred since that early conference took place. (We like to think that the seminal papers and discussions of that conference were a stimulus to changes in the field, cf. McGrath, 1970, but we know that there were many other influences as well.)
Bariatric Surgery: A Historical Perspective

Currently more than one third of Americans suffer from obesity. Of greater concern than one’s adiposity are obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, infertility, and arthritis, among others. For nearly a century, diets, exercise, behavorial modifications, and drug therapies have proved to be an ineffective treatment. This chapter examines the evolution of bariatric surgery from its creation in the 1950s, with a focus on the effect of surgery on weight loss, comorbidity reduction, and patient safety. Bariatric surgery has been a remarkable success. For the first time, it is possible to curve severe obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia in addition to the many other manifestations of obesity with remarkable safety. Equally important are the opportunities for research afforded by the measurement of outcomes. Until better treatments become available, bariatric surgery is the therapy of choice for patients with morbid obesity for weight control and comorbidity improvement.
Factors Impacting Attacker Decision-Making in Power Grid Cyber Attacks

For several years, security experts and government officials have been warning about a “Cyber Pearl Harbor” – a cyber attack on the nation’s power grid. Current cyber security research focuses on the tactical aspects of infrastructure attacks and views attackers as passive agents, downplaying their strategies. The research only minimally incorporates the human element, which limits the understanding of cyber attacks on the critical infrastructure.
Prostaglandins, Calcium, and Cyclic Nucleotides in Stimulus-Response Coupling

There is now little doubt that muscle contraction and secretory activity involve fundamentally similar processes, with an increase in free Ca2+ within the cytosol providing the critical link between membrane activation by a stimulus and the specific tissue response (Rubin, 1974a; Douglas, 1975a). On the one hand, Ca2+ is instrumental in initiating muscle myofilament contraction while, on the other hand, Ca2+ facilitates the fusion of secretory granule membranes with the cell membrane of exocytotic tissues. The fact that Ca2+ is a mediator in these two basic biological processes has prompted speculation that they share a similar molecular basis involving a contractile event (Poisner, 1970; Kuo and Coffee, 1976; Trifaro and Ulpian, 1976).
The Helping Hands Program: A Model for the Rehabilitation of Older Alcoholics

Alcoholism among the elderly is increasing. As the prohibition youth of the 1930’s turn 65 at the rate of over 1000 a day, a much higher number of people are entering old age with well established drinking habits. According to the National Council on Aging, there are 31 million men and women over 60 in the United States. Based on the information that one out of 10 persons is an alcoholic, there are probably well over three million alcoholics over the age of 60.
Nonlinear system identification of soft materials based on Hilbert transform

Abstract Characterization of broadband nonlinear properties of soft materials is time consuming and costly. This work demonstrates that transient excitation of a tester-sample system, and subsequent nonlinear dynamics-based inverse identification could provide quick and accurate estimation of nonlinear constitutive properties of soft materials. In particular, free vibration response of a system where a rigid plate shears a hyperporoviscoelastic sample is simulated to deliver time series. Then, Hilbert-Transform-based nonlinear system identification (HT-based ID) is applied to the simulated time series to retrieve constitutive properties of the sample such as linear and nonlinear shear moduli, and viscosity. In addition, bulk modulus of the sample can be uniquely identified once shear and viscosity terms are found. The technique is robust even under large viscoelastic damping. To illustrate broad applicability, the technique is successfully applied to various soft materials from cheese to gels, liver to human skin. Extension of the model to more sophisticated nonlinearities (both elastic and dissipative); desired tester configurations for reliable identification, and practical challenges before its implementation are also discussed in the paper.
The Speculative Petro-State: Volatile Oil Prices and Resource Populism in Ecuador

In petro-states, the governance of flows of oil and oil money is vital to state legitimacy (e.g., regulations, contracts with companies, social compensation in sites of oil extraction). This articl...
Multivariable feedback control of small-capacity ammonia-water absorption systems

Abstract This paper presents the development and experimental evaluation of a multivariable feedback controller for small-capacity ammonia-water absorption systems. Experiments were designed to identify the pairings between various controlled variables and the degrees of freedom available in the system. A small-scale experimental system was fabricated with access to all degrees of freedom in the system as tunable parameters. Transient analysis of variations in the degrees of freedom assisted in tuning the parameters of the control system to achieve fast, stable and repeatable performance. A methodology for controlling the cooling capacity of the system in response to changes in the load or operating conditions by adjusting the concentrated solution flow rate and the heat source temperature and mass flow rate is developed. In addition, the performances of the evaporator and the desorber are optimized by using flow control valves. Case studies using the developed controller demonstrated fast and stable performance of the system in achieving part-load performance as low as 50% of the baseline cooling capacity, and at off-design ambient temperature. Moreover, the system maintained high, near-design COP (0.55–0.65) values during these test cases.
Compound Standards For Light Element Eds In Aem, Sem And Lvsem

For a number of years we have used in our laboratory a simple extension to light elements of the classical ClifF-Lorimer approach using stoichiometric compound standards containing pairs of heavier elements to determine independently the EDS detector sensitivity contribution to quantitative analysis in the AEM. It is now also extended to direct light element LVEDS analysis in the SEM at low voltage (<5kV). This approach may be more practical, accessible and easily reproducible for routine use than the elegant custom thin film fabrications reported by Egerton, but the latter method has other substantial advantages, including well defined thicknesses, in the most sophisticated applications. As the types of advanced materials have expanded to include ceramics and polymers the requirements for analysis have also changed. In many cases the light elements are now the majority species in advanced materials and the corrections based on older standards are huge; and therefore inevitably rather limited in accuracy.
The Relationship Between School Turnaround and Student Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis:

School turnaround has emerged as a predominant strategy to improve chronically low-performing schools, although the approach remains controversial. This meta-analysis synthesizes results from 35 st...
Online group psychotherapy: Challenges and possibilities during COVID-19-A practice review

Background: Online group therapy is a relatively new modality for leading groups There is not enough research yet to evaluate its effectiveness and no clear guidelines about how to do it well With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic it became even more crucial to provide clinicians with appropriate research review and practical guidelines The purpose of this article was to provide practice recommendations based on or despite the limited research Method: The article reviewed research on online therapy in general, including any on groups, followed by a summary of the obstacles in leading groups online and recommendations for creative solutions Findings: Research on online groups is still scarce, and its quality still has many limitations Discussion: More research is needed, especially on specific elements in online group therapy, such as the establishing of cohesion and therapeutic presence online, as well as how different the working alliance and cohesion are created online when compared to face-to-face groups Despite limited research, the author recommends being more active and increasing self-disclosure in online groups to compensate for the challenge of being present and the lack of body-to-body interaction Training for online group therapy is necessary (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Highlights and Implications-*Two of the ingredients of the therapeutic alliance, agreeing on the goals and tasks, can easily be achieved in online groups The third one, the quality of relationship, is still questionable *The absence of body-to-body interaction in online groups may be considered the main obstacle in shifting from the circle to the screen The absence of eye contact is especially relevant for group therapists *Presence is difficult to achieve through screen relations There are too many distractions Increasing the group therapist's self-disclosure and encouraging group members to use their imagination may be of help *Moving from in-person to online group therapy requires knowledge and training, just as when moving from individual therapy to group therapy (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Performance Analysis of NVIDIA GPU Virtualization in NARI Desktop Cloud

As a typical cloud computing application model, desktop cloud has become a good solution for power companies. How to improve GPU utilization have become a key issue in the use of Virtual Graphics Processing Unit (vGPU) in desktop cloud. To solve this problem, this paper builds a prototype system to analyze the feasibility of using GPU sharing in NARI desktop cloud (NCloud-D). On this basis, we design an experiment to compare performance between virtual desktops using vGPU and the physical machine. We analyze the FPS of one vGPU virtual desktop which is assigned different amount of graphics frame buffer. In addition, we sum FPS of concurrent vGPU virtual desktops. Our experimental results show that virtual desktop using vGPU in NCloud-D has the same performance as the physical machine, which can basically meet the business requirements of graphics acceleration processing. This paper can be used as basis for engineering applications of vGPU in the desktop cloud.
Short-term resistance training in older adults improves muscle quality: A randomized control trial.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether dumbbell resistance training (DBRT) and elastic band resistance training (EBRT) are equally beneficial in the older adult. Sixty-five healthy participants (mean±SD; age=66.5±7.09 years; height=165.2±10.6 cm; body mass=74.5±14.6 kg) volunteered for this study. Participants underwent a total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for segmental and total body muscle and fat estimation. Functional tests included the short physical performance battery, timed up-and-go, and heel-to-toe walk. Strength was measured on dominant handgrip strength, maximal bench press, and leg press. Participants were block randomized into one of three groups: elastic band resistance training (EBRT), dumbbell resistance training (DBRT), or control (CON). EBRT and DBRT were asked to visit the laboratory twice weekly over 6-weeks while CON maintained their daily routine. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA and an alpha set at 0.05. Results indicated there was a two-way interaction for bench press, leg press, upper- and lower-body muscle quality and total arm lean mass (p
Predicting Support Among Young People for Black Lives Matter

The term “Black Lives Matter” was catalyzed on Twitter by queer Black women activists after the death of Trayvon Martin in February 2012. It was taken up in greater force after Michael Brown was killed by then-Ferguson Police Officer Darren Wilson in August 2014. Since then, countermovements like “All Lives Matter” and “Blue Lives Matter” have organized around concerns that Black Lives Matter rhetoric excludes the lives of white people and police officers - who are frequently the subjects of intense scrutiny by the movement due to the repeated deaths of unarmed Black people across the country frequently caused by police authorities. This article investigates the issue-based and demographic predictors of support for the Black Lives Matter by assessing the degree to which respondents believe that police killings of Black people are a serious problem. Using the ordinary least squares regression method, I find that support for and opposition to the notion that police killings of Black people is a serious problem falls along largely issue-related rather than demographic lines. These findings are significant because they suggest that young people’s opposition to Black Lives Matter might have more to do with its political framing, beliefs and rhetoric than racial divides.
Delving Charge-Transfer Excitations in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Hetero Junction of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell: Assessment of Excitonic Optical Properties Using the GW and Bethe–Salpeter Green’s Function Formalisms

First-principles modeling of charge-neutral excitations with the recognition of charge-transfer and Rydberg states and probing the mechanism of charge-carrier generation from the photoexcited electron–hole pair for the hybrid organic–inorganic photovoltaic materials remain as a cornerstone problem within the framework of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) . The many-body Green’s function Bethe–Salpeter formalism based on a Dyson-like equation for the two-particle correlation function, which accounts for the exchange and attractive screened Coulomb interactions between photoexcited electrons and holes, has emerged as a decent approach to study the photoemission properties including the Frenkel and charge-transfer excitations in an assortment of finite and extended systems of optoelectronic materials. The key ideas of practical implementation of Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) involving the computations of single-particle states, quasi-particle energy levels, and the screened Coulomb interaction with the aid of Gaussian atomic basis sets and resolution-of-identity techniques are discussed. The work revisits the computational aspects for the evaluation of electronic, spectroscopic, and photochromic properties of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) constituents by considering the excitonic effects that renormalize the energy levels and coalesce the single-particle transitions. The most recent advancements in theoretical methods that employ the maximally localized Wannier’s function (MLWF) and curtail the overall scaling of BSE calculations are also addressed, and the viable applications are subsequently illustrated with selected examples. Finally, the review reveals some computational challenges that need to be resolved to expand the applicability of BSE in designing solar cell materials, and to unravel the intricate mechanism of ultrafast excited-state processes.
Hormetic endoplasmic reticulum stress in hematopoietic stem cells.

Purpose of review Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the ability to regenerate over a lifetime in the face of extreme cellular proliferation and environmental stress. Yet, mechanisms that control the regenerative properties of HSCs remain elusive. ER stress has emerged as an important signaling event that supports HSC self-renewal and multipotency. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathways implicating ER stress as cytoprotective in HSCs. Recent findings Recent studies have shown multiple signaling cascades of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are persistently activated in healthy HSCs, suggesting that low-dose ER stress is a feature HSCs. Stress adaptation is a feature ascribed to cytoprotection and longevity of cells as well as organisms, in what is known as hormesis. However, assembling this information into useful knowledge to improve the therapeutic application of HSCs remains challenging and the upstream activators and downstream transcriptional programs induced by ER stress that are required in HSCs remain to be discovered. Summary The maintenance of HSCs requires a dose-dependent simulation of ER stress responses that involves persistent, low-dose UPR. Unraveling the complexity of this signaling node may elucidate mechanisms related to regeneration of HSCs that can be harnessed to expand HSCs for cellular therapeutics ex vivo and transplantation in vivo.
Purification of two valine transfer ribonucleic acid species from Escherichia coli and their coding properties.

Abstract Two tRNAval species (tRNA1val and tRNA2val) were separated by fractionation of Escherichia coli tRNA on a benzoylated DEAE-cellulose column. One of these species (tRNA1val) was further purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and was approximately 70% pure. Both tRNA1val and tRNA2val preparations were free from cross-contamination. The coding properties of the tRNAval species were studied with poly r(G-U-U), poly r(G-U-A), and poly r(G-U) messengers; the cell-free amino acid-incorporating systems used in these studies were obtained from either E. coli or from rabbit reticulocytes. The results are as follows. (a) In both the systems studied, tRNA1val transferred valine in response to poly r(G-U-U), poly r(G-U-A), and poly r(G-U); the transfer in response to poly r(G-U-U) required relatively higher Mg++ concentrations. (b) tRNA2val transferred valine preferentially in response to poly r(G-U-U). However, during prolonged incubation in the E. coli system and especially at higher Mg++ concentrations, significant transfer of valine from tRNA2val was also observed in response to poly r(G-U-A) and poly r(G-U). Such transfer was very low in the reticulocyte system. (c) Addition of ethanol to the E. coli system inhibited the transfer activities of tRNA1val in response to poly r(G-U-U), poly r(G-U-A), and poly r(G-U) and of tRNA2val in response to poly r(G-U-U), while markedly stimulating the transfer activities of tRNA2val in response to poly r(G-U-A) and poly r(G-U).
What Is the Radiographic Prevalence of Incidental Kienböck Disease

Background Kienbock disease is characterized by osteonecrosis of the lunate. Not all patients with radiographic evidence of the disease experience symptoms bothersome enough to consult a doctor. Little research has been performed on the prevalence of Kienbock disease, and the prevalence in the asymptomatic population is unclear. Knowledge of the natural course of the disease and how often patients are not bothered by the symptoms is important, because it might influence the decision as to whether disease-modifying treatment would be beneficial.
Growth characteristics of autochthonous experimental colonic tumors as assessed by serial colonoscopic measurement in rats

Abstract We report the growth characteristics of autochthonous experimental colonic tumors as assessed by serial measurements at colonoscopy. Male Fischer 344 rats were given 10 weekly subcutaneous injections of the bowel carcinogen azoxymethane, 10 mg/kg (weeks 1–10). Beginning in week 15, colonoscopy to the splenic flexure was performed weekly with a pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope. Width of identified tumors was measured in photographs that included a scale passed through the biopsy channel, and tumor volume was calculated using computerized image analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and efficiency of colonoscopy for identification of tumors were 85%–100%. Cumulative tumor incidence in the descending colon increased in a relatively linear fashion from 3% at week 15 to 68% at week 30. Tumor width by colonoscopy correlated well with width at necropsy (r = 0.951). Growth curves of individual tumors were highly variable; however, tumor width showed stable mean weekly growth rates. By contrast, mean calculated tumor volume rose exponentially, with deviation from the fitted curve in the sixth week. All tumors >3 mm in width or >10 mm 3 in volume showed invasion. Final tumor width and volume, and growth of tumor volume during the initial week but not the later weeks of observation, correlated with depth of invasion. Our findings suggest that (a) colonoscopic measurement was useful to study the growth characteristics of autochthonous experimental colonic tumors; (b) azoxymethane administration produced persistently altered colonic epithelium that had variable latent periods until development of visible tumors in individual rats; (c) the growth curves of individual colonic tumors were exponential, although variable, during the initial weeks; (d) invasion was found in small tumors and depth of invasion correlated with growth rate during the initial week but riot the later weeks. This aggressive behavior of the tumors early in their course contrasts with colorectal adenomas in humans and argues against the routine occurrence of an adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the model we used.
Evaluating the evidence base: policies and interventions to address socioeconomic status gradients in health.

This chapter discusses the current evidence base for policies that could address socioeconomic status (SES) health gradientsintheUnitedStates.Thepresentvolumehasdocumentedanenormousamountofresearchonthelinkages betweenSESandhealth,buttherearestillrelativelyfewstudiesthatrigorouslyestablishtheeffectivenessofparticular policies or interventions in reducing those gradients. Given the difficulty in developing randomized evidence for many types of interventions related to social determinants of health, we argue for conducting policy analysis from a Bayesianperspective.ThisBayesianapproachcombinesinformationonbestavailabletheoryandevidenceregarding probable health benefits and costs of an intervention, providing a framework that also incorporates the probable costs of inaction. The second half of the chapter adopts a ladder metaphor to classify policies and interventions that could reduce SES gradients in population health. Using this framework, we consider the evidence base for various types of policies, focusing primarily on the social determinants of health, under the rubric that “all policy is health policy.” We conclude by discussing promising strategies for future strengthening of the evidence base for policy, including the role of health impact assessment.
Measuring Cone Density in a Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata) Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Commercially Available Adaptive Optics

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a commercially available high-resolution adaptive optics (AO) camera to image the cone mosaic in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) with dominantly inherited drusen. The macaques examined develop drusen closely resembling those seen in humans with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). For each animal, we acquired and processed images from the AO camera, montaged the results into a composite image, applied custom cone-counting software to detect individual cone photoreceptors, and created a cone density map of the macular region. We conclude that flood-illuminated AO provides a promising method of visualizing the cone mosaic in nonhuman primates. Future studies will quantify the longitudinal change in the cone mosaic and its relationship to the severity of drusen in these animals.
Magnetic Resonance, General Medical

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the basic physical phenomenon in which certain nuclei absorb and emit radiofrequency (RF) radiation while in the presence of a magnetic field. The noninvasive nature of NMR techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), has allowed explosive developments in biomedical applications since the late 1970s. MRI of protons is now a widely accepted clinical imaging technique, whereas MRS of various nuclei, including 31P, 1H, 13C, 23Na, and 19F, can provide a vast amount of metabolic and physiological information. MRI provides significant advantages over many other imaging techniques in terms of resolution, contrast, and its noninvasive nature. Although not as common in clinical medicine, MRS also provides valuable metabolic information that cannot be obtained by other techniques. This article reviews the fundamentals of spatial encoding, contrast, artifacts, and applications of MRI as well as some recent advances in the field. Some applications of biomedical MRS of various nuclei are also discussed.
The nephrotoxic effects of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II) (NSC-119875) in male F344 rats.

Abstract The nephropathologic effects of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II) are described. Male F344 rats, 6 weeks of age, were injected ip with cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II)(NSC-119875) at doses from 0.5–12 mg/kg. The LD50 was 7.7 mg/kg. After one injection, many rats lost weight by 24 hr and died from 2–7 days later, depending on the dose, whereas rats receiving lower doses recovered and gained weight by 7–10 days. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations and renal weights reached a peak on Day 5 and returned to control values by Day 15. Histologically, acute degenerative and necrotizing lesions involved tubules in the outer stripe of the renal medulla and regeneration was noted by 5 days. Death of rats after one or five daily injections was attributed to the necrotizing enteritis, thymic atrophy, lymphocytic and bone marrow depletion, and renal lesions. Weekly injections resulted in uremia and development of markedly cystic kidneys. The results indicate that the F344 rat is a sensitive strain for the study of platinum nephrotoxicity.
The forward and backward processes of conflict analysis

In this study, the forward process of planning is applied to conflict resolution, by structuring a conflict according to the levels of a conceptual hierarchy. The parties to the conflict form the first level, their objectives are at the second level, and possible solutions are at the third and final level. The elements at each level are weighted according to their relative importance by using the principal eigenvectors of a series of pairwise comparison matrices, and a weighting of the possible solutions is obtained. This forward process answers the question: given the present actors and their objectives, capabilities and policies, which outcome is the most likely to emerge? This technique is applied to a societal system, analyzing conflict in Northern Ireland. It is shown that the outcome which would in greatest measure satisfy the needs of all parties is one which gives legislative independence to Northern Ireland. This method of conflict resolution does not require long or involved calculations, and a means of further shortening the calculations is given. Unimportant branches of the hierarchy may be truncated. The use of hierarchies and the eigenvector method provides an efficient method for the evaluation of possible solutions of a conflict and provides valuable insights into the objectives of the parties and the way in which possible political structures might satisfy these objectives. This is a powerful technique to be added to the methods for conflict resolution.
THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF A NEW GENUS OF THE LABOULBENIALES ON AN EARWIG

THERE ARE now included in the Laboulbeniales approximately 1500 species, all of which occur as parasites growing attached to the exoskeleton of insects or to that of a few of the Arachnida. Among these species are 26 which have been obtained from various species of earwigs (Demaptera ) ; 17 belong to the genus Dimeromyces Thax. of the family Peyritschiellaceae, and 3 to Dermapteromyces Thax., 3 to Nanomyces Thax., and 1 to Corethromyces Thax. of the family Laboulbeniaceae. The majority of these species of earwig parasites that have been reported have been obtained from hosts collected in the southwest Pacific. Others have been taken in China, West Africa, South America, Central America, the West Indies, and the United States (Thaxter, 1908, 1924, 1926, 1931). Of the 8 species of these parasites that are known from the North American continent and the islands of the West Indies, 5 belong, to Dimeromyces and 3 to Dermapteromyces. The only collection of an earwig belonging to the genus Prolabia on which any laboulbeniaceous parasites have been found appears to be that of Prolabia annulata F'abr., taken by Kellerman in Guatemala, on which Thaxter (1931) reported finding Dermapteromyces labiae Thax. at the time he characterized the genus Dermapteromyces and assigned 3 species, all found on earwigs, to it. All species representing the 5 genera that have been reported on earwigs are quite small and generically very distinct from the laboulbeniaceous parasite of Prolabia pulchella (Serville), the handsome earwig common in the Baton Rouge area of Louisiana. This parasite is being reported and described in this paper. The possession of simple antheridia would place this
Making the Invisible, Visible: Race Matters in Human Resource Development

The purpose of this article is to create space for authentic dialogues about “race” in the discourse on diversity in graduate programs of human resource development (HRD). Although HRD professes an interest in diversity, it has not seriously made it a part of the curriculum, and race as a dimension of diversity has remained invisible. In approaching this exploration, we were guided by the following questions: (a) How is race conceptualized in the social science literature? (b) To what extent have HRD scholars and practitioners responded to the discourse on race, particularly in light of the increase in racioethnic minorities in education and in the workplace? (c) How can HRD educators facilitate greater attention to race in the process of teaching and learning? From our review of the literature, we found some attention to diversity in general but race remains an invisible construct despite the rapid increase in the number of racioethnic minorities to the United States and other nations. To facilitate rese...
Acute disruption of the posterior tibial tendon associated with open-fracture dislocation of the ankle

A 27-year-old man with a high-energy, open-fracture dislocation of the ankle underwent debridement and open reduction of his injuries. During surgery a disruption-laceration of the posterior tibial tendon at the level of the fracture of the medial malleolus was found. Repair required location of the proximal muscle and tendon and controlled traction of the musculotendinous unit from its retracted position. Common aspects in the nine previously reported instances of this lesion include relatively high energy of the injury and the fracture type, a transverse fracture in the medial malleolus. Unique to this case was the open injury.
Destruction of the Global Phase Coherence in Ultrathin, Doubly Connected Superconducting Cylinders

In doubly connected superconductors, such as hollow cylinders, the fluxoid is known to be quantized, allowing the superfluid velocity to be controlled by an applied magnetic flux and the sample size. The sample-size–induced increase in superfluid velocity has been predicted to lead to the destruction of superconductivity around half-integer flux quanta. We report transport measurements in ultrathin Al and Au0.7In0.3 cylinders verifying the presence of this destructive regime characterized by the loss of the global phase coherence and reveal a phase diagram featuring disconnected phase coherent regions, as opposed to the single region seen in larger superconducting cylinders studied previously.
EffEcts of sublEthal concEntrations of Portland cEmEnt PowdEr in solution on thE aminotransfErasEs of thE african catfish (Clarias gariepinus (burchEll, 1822))

The present study investigated the effect of sublethal concentrations of Portland cement powder in solution (PCPS) (39.10, 19.55, 9.87 and 0.00 mg/L) on the aminotransferases (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)) of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with the aim to ascertain which of the selected organs (liver or kidney) or serum was mostly affected by the toxicant after a 15-day exposure period. The effect of sublethal concentrations of PCPS on the aminotransferases of Clarias gariepinus was significantly different (p < 0.01). The decrease in the activity of the aminotransferases was inversely proportional to the concentration of PCPS. The most significant decrease in the activity of AST was observed in liver, less significant in serum and the least in kidney, whereas the activity of ALT most significantly decreased in kidney, less in liver and the least in serum. Thus, PCP concentrations in the range of 9.87–39.10 mg/L in the aquatic ecosystem were harmful to the j...
Evolution of the dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Native Americans: II. morphology of the deciduous dentition

In order to evaluate the microevolutionary dynamics of morphological features of the deciduous dentition, I collected data on the variation of 57 features (33 crown and 24 root) from prehistoric Ohio Valley populations. I sampled a total of 370 individuals from 26 populations representing a lineage that inhabited the middle and upper Ohio valley region from approximately 3000 to 350 BP. Evolutionary changes in the frequencies of morphological features of the deciduous teeth in this lineage were limited. Over 80% of the features show no significant differences among the populations. The relatively few features that show consistent differences separate pre- and postmaize agricultural populations. I discuss explanations for this change in terms of selection differences or gene flow. The general pattern of morphological trait expression in the deciduous teeth of this Ohio Valley lineage corresponds to what has been termed the Mongoloid dental complex (sinodonty in the permanent teeth). I suggest additional features that, with further study, may be added to this morphological complex.
State Fiscal Responses to Federal Government Grants

This paper examines the effect of federal government grants on state fiscal decisions. The study presents a disaggregated analysis of state government that allows for the precise measurement of important fiscal effects. State government is modeled as maximizing a social welfare function defined over government expenditures and taxes. The positive theory of grant response is tested and confirmed. The results indicate that matching grants stimulate government expenditures more than nonmatching grants. The results also suggest that federal grant cutbacks will lead to reductions in state expenditures for all key programs but that the composition of this change will depend on the nature of the federal cutbacks.
Approximate scaling of period doubling windows

Abstract An experimental test is made of a prediction that subharmonic windows which display period doubling should exhibit global scaling. It is shown that this is approximately true in a multidimensional system.
The Role of Electron Affinity in Determining Whether Fullerenes Catalyze or Inhibit Photooxidation of Polymers for Solar Cells

Understanding the stability and degradation mechanisms of organic solar materials is critically important to achieving long device lifetimes. Here, an investigation of the photodegradation of polymer:fullerene blend fi lms exposed to ambient conditions for a variety of polymer and fullerene derivative combinations is presented. Despite the wide range in polymer stabilities to photodegradation, the rate of irreversible polymer photobleaching in blend fi lms is found to consistently and dramatically increase with decreasing electron affi nity of the fullerene derivative. Furthermore, blends containing fullerenes with the smallest electron affi nities photobleached at a faster rate than fi lms of the pure polymer. These observations can be explained by a mechanism where both the polymer and fullerene donate photogenerated electrons to diatomic oxygen to form the superoxide radical anion which degrades the polymer.
Radioactive labels for Protein A: evaluation in the indirect immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for Bacillus anthracis spores

Phillips, A.P. & Martin, K.L. 1984. Radioactive labels for Protein A: evaluation in the indirect immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for Bacillus anthracis spores. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 449–456. Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (SpA) labelled with [125I] by the Bolton & Hunter (1973) method performed about as well as labelled sheep anti-rabbit globulin (SAR) in an indirect immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for Bacillus anthracis spores immobilized on multispot microscope slides. SpA labelled with [3H] by propi-onylation also performed well but would be expensive to use. SpA labelled with [3H] fluorodinitrobenzene, or labelled with [125I] by the chloramine T reaction gave erratic assay results, high noise values and low signal-to-noise ratios, indicating substantial direct binding of labelled SpA to the slide surface and to the bacterial preparation. The uptake of radioactively labelled SpA in the IRMA was compared with the fluorescence intensity of individual spores in a micro-fluorometric immunofluorescence (IF) test involving dual labelled fluorescein-[125I]-SpA. The maximum number of SAR molecules bound to the mixture of spores and cell-free antigens in the B. anthracis IRMA was about twice the maximum number of radioactively labelled SpA molecules bound. The SAR : SpA saturation binding ratio on the surface of the spores, however, was approximately the inverse of this. It is concluded that radioactively-labelled SpA is not recommended in preference to anti-species antibody reagents in bacterial IRMA tests but fiuorescein-conjugated SpA deserves further consideration for use in microscope-based IF tests for bacterial antigens.
Against tachyonic neutrinos

Abstract We argue that there is strong circumstantial evidence against the proposal that at least one neutrino is a tachyon.
Cavity QED determination of atomic number statistics in optical lattices

We study the reflection of two counterpropagating modes of the light field in a ring resonator by ultracold atoms either in the Mott insulator state or in the superfluid state of an optical lattice. We obtain exact numerical results for a simple two-well model and carry out statistical calculations appropriate for the full lattice case. We find that the dynamics of the reflected light strongly depends on both the lattice spacing and the state of the matter-wave field. Depending on the lattice spacing, the light field is sensitive to various density-density correlation functions of the atoms. The light field and the atoms become strongly entangled if the latter are in a superfluid state, in which case the photon statistics typically exhibits complicated multimodal structures.
The relationship of coal optical fabrics to Alleghanian tectonic deformation in the central Appalachian fold-and-thrust belt, Pennsylvania

Vitrinite in coal is optically anisotropic in reflected light, owing to a preferred orientation of its component molecular structure. Such reflectance fabrics can, under some circumstances, provide a record of stress and strain events occurring during coal metamorphism. Based upon observed differences in the orientation and shape of vitrinite reflectance indicatrices (VRIs), differing tectonic histories are suggested for three regions within the bituminous and anthracite coal fields of the northern Appalachian (coal) basin, Pennsylvania. VRIs of coals from the North-Central fields on the Allegheny Plateau have oblate geometries similar to those of most coals worldwide, indicative of only mild tectonic deformation. Maximum reflectance orientations for North-Central field coals are polymodal and aligned with polymodal Alleghanian fold axes. Low-volatile bituminous coals from the Broad Top field, south-central Pennsylvania, exhibit much stronger tectonic reflectance fabrics and bear evidence that low-volatile bituminous rank was attained only after folding was completed in this part of the fold-and-thrust belt. VRIs of coals from the Western Middle anthracite field reflect a more complex tectonic history and indicate that most coalification here preceded the final phase of Alleghanian folding. VRls of coals from an underground mine in the Western Middle anthracite field provide additional details on strain directions and timing of coalification. Coal rank increases very slightly down section, but R min decreases down section, opposite to the expected trend. These coals probably attained anthracite rank prior to the principal phase of Alleghanian folding, but at least some coalification continued after folding, as suggested by reconstructed coalification pathways on the axial ratio diagram. During this final coalification phase, the stratigraphically upper beds "caught up" in rank with the stratigraphically lower beds through elongation of R max parallel to the fold axes and elongation of R min in a subvertical direction. VRIs of the stratigraphically upper beds were transformed to a prolate geometry, whereas those of the lower beds retained their original oblate form.
High-precision, all-electron, full-potential calculation of the equation of state and elastic constants of corundum

The all-electron, full-potential linear combinations of Gaussian type orbitals{endash}fitting function technique has been used to perform high-precision total-energy calculations on {alpha}-alumina (corundum). The calculations yield zero-pressure lattice parameters that are in 0.3{percent} agreement with experiment and symmetry-preserving elastic constants that agree with experiment to within 5{percent}. The bulk modulus and pressure derivatives of the lattice parameters are also in good agreement with existing data. The calculated energies have been used to generate an analytical equation of state (EOS) for corundum that should be valid up to at least 250 GPa. The fitted EOS agrees with room temperature diamond anvil cell data up to 175 GPa to within the known limitations of the experimental data. The c/a ratio, band gap, and tetragonal shear modulus have been determined for pressures up to 250 GPa. The c/a ratio varies by less than 3{percent} over the entire pressure range. For pressures above 150 GPa, the band gap changes from direct to indirect and the tetragonal shear modulus softens. The linear pressure coefficient of the band gap is estimated to be 5.1 meV/kbar at zero pressure. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Characterization of fibrinogen binding by glycoproteins Srr1 and Srr2 of Streptococcus agalactiae

The serine-rich repeat glycoproteins of Gram-positive bacteria comprise a large family of cell wall proteins. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) expresses either Srr1 or Srr2 on its surface, depending on the strain. Srr1 has recently been shown to bind fibrinogen, and this interaction contributes to the pathogenesis of GBS meningitis. Although strains expressing Srr2 appear to be hypervirulent, no ligand for this adhesin has been described. We now demonstrate that Srr2 also binds human fibrinogen and that this interaction promotes GBS attachment to endothelial cells. Recombinant Srr1 and Srr2 bound fibrinogen in vitro, with affinities of KD = 2.1 × 10(-5) and 3.7 × 10(-6) M, respectively, as measured by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The binding site for Srr1 and Srr2 was localized to tandem repeats 6-8 of the fibrinogen Aα chain. The structures of both the Srr1 and Srr2 binding regions were determined and, in combination with mutagenesis studies, suggest that both Srr1 and Srr2 interact with a segment of these repeats via a "dock, lock, and latch" mechanism. Moreover, properties of the latch region may account for the increased affinity between Srr2 and fibrinogen. Together, these studies identify how greater affinity of Srr2 for fibrinogen may contribute to the increased virulence associated with Srr2-expressing strains.
Distributed Privacy Preserving Decision Support System for Predicting Hospitalization Risk in Hospitals with Insufficient Data

Building prediction models for suggestive knowledge from multiple sources dynamically is of great interest from a clinical decision support point of view. This is valuable in situations where the local clinical data repository does not have sufficient number of records to draw conclusions from. However, due to privacy concerns, hospitals are reluctant to divulge patient records. Consequently, a distributed model building mechanism that can use just the statistics from multiple hospitals' databases is valuable. Our DIDT algorithm builds a model in that fashion. In this study, using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data for 2009, we demonstrate that DIDT algorithm can be used to help collaboratively build a better decision-making model in situations where hospitals have small number of records that are insufficient to make good local models. Based on 262 attributes used for model building, we showed that 9 collaborating hospitals each with less than 100 cases of hospitalizations related to diabetes were able to achieve 9.9% improvement in accuracies of hospitalization prediction collectively using a distributed model as compared to relying on local models developed on their own. When relying on local risk prediction models for diabetes at these 9 hospitals, 159 of 357 patients were misclassified and prediction was impossible for another 16 patients. Our integrated model reduced the misclassification to 138 effectively providing accurate early diagnostics to 37 additional patients. We also introduce the concept of banding to improve DIDT algorithm so as to logically combine multiple hospitals when large number of hospitals is involved for reduction in cross-validation folds.