cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2856: Targeting OXPHOS with IACS-010759 to eliminate standard of care resistant tumor cells

Tumors are comprised of heterogenous populations of tumor cells that rely on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for bioenergy and synthetic processes in support of cell proliferation. Over the past few years, we and others have reported that there is a subpopulation of tumors cells that are resistant to standard of care treatment or targeted therapies, and that these so-called persistent tumor cells possess stem cell like properties. Of note, these cells have elevated levels of mitochondria and are dependent on OXPHOS for survival. We have previously disclosed the discovery of IACS-010759, a potent, selective inhibitor of complex I of the electron transport chain, which is orally bioavailable and has excellent PK and physicochemical properties in preclinical species. IACS-010759 is currently in phase I clinical trials in relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors where initial safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and pharmacodynamic impacts on tumor cell biology are being evaluated. As part of the development of IACS-010759, we were interested to explore the impact of the compound to target the persistent tumor cells, in particular by treating AML, TNBC and PDAC PDX models post-chemotherapy with IACS-010759. For all three contexts, IACS-010759 extended progression free survival, consistent with IACS-010759 targeting the recently described metabolically adapted residual tumor cells. For solid tumor indications, we have utilized innovative barcoding and clonal tracking strategies to confirm dependency of a specific subpopulation of tumor cells on OXPHOS. We show that OXPHOS inhibition extends survival and limits AML growth in secondary transplantation by stimulating terminal differentiation of putative stem cells. Taken together, these data provide rationale for multiple Phase II/III clinical trials where IACS-010759 will be used to target persistent tumor cell population and extend survival. Citation Format: Joseph R. Marszalek, Sahil Seth, Denise Corti, Qi Zhang, Gloria V. Echeverria, Lina Han, Yuting Sun, Jennifer Molina, Sonal Gera, Edward Chang, Tin O. Khor, Mikhila Mahendra, Ningping Feng, Jason P. Gay, Timothy McAfoos, Virginia Giuliani, Xi Shi, Sabrina Jeter-Jones, Sarah Loponte, Chieh-Yuan Li, Christopher A. Bristow, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Helen Piwnica-Worms, Marina Konopleva, Alessandro Carugo, Andrea Viale, Philip Jones, Timothy P. Heffernan, Giulio F. Draetta. Targeting OXPHOS with IACS-010759 to eliminate standard of care resistant tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2856.
Radiographic Assessment for Implants in the Aesthetic Zone

This chapter reviews the 2D and 3D imaging modalities available to the dental practitioner planning implants in the aesthetic zone while focusing on the unique advantages of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). An overview of the basic principles and technical parameters of CBCT technology is reviewed in order to offer guidelines for maximizing image quality. A systematic methodology for CBCT evaluation is then introduced to ensure comprehensive evaluation of the imaged volume while emphasizing the important anatomic considerations at the dental implant recipient site. The most common anatomic variants and osseous pathology encountered in the aesthetic zone are surveyed, with special regard to implications for dental implant therapy. Finally, in silico treatment planning and guided surgery are introduced as CBCT-based tools to enhance the likelihood of a successful surgical and prosthetic outcome.
27 Combination treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus and tacrolimus have potent therapeutic efficacy and improves tacrolimus induced Th17/Treg cell imbalance in animal model of lupus

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by tissue-binding autoantibodies and immune complexes. Tacrolimus, also known as FK506, is an immunosuppressant that has been used for the treatment of lupus as well as for the prevention of graft rejection after organ transplantation. It achieve immunosuppressive activity by inhibiting IL-2, a molecule that promote the development and proliferation of T cells. However, tacrolimus induces T cell imbalance because IL-2 is also known to promote Treg cells and inhibit proinflammatory Th17 cells. Recently, there have been reports showing that SLE is associated with gut microbiota. Lactobacillus acidophilus, one of the typical intestinal bacteria, is reported to have therapeutic efficacy through T cell regulation in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including SLE. Methods The present study was undertaken to investigate whether combination therapy of Lactobacillus acidophilus and tacrolimus improve the therapeutic efficacy and T cell imbalance in animal model of SLE (MRL/lpr mice). The 8-week-old MRL/lpr mice were orally administered with 5 mg/kg tacrolimus and/or 50 mg/kg Lactobacillus acidophilus daily. Results The results showed that spleen size was markedly decreased in tacrolimus and Lactobacillus acidophilus combination group compared with tacrolimus alone group, and that DNT cells, which is a pathogenic immune cell subset, of MRL/lpr mouse, were profoundly decreased in peripheral blood (PB) and spleens of mice treated with combination therapy. In addition, serum levels of ds-DNA and IgG2a were decreased, and renal pathology score was markedly alleviated by combination treatment. In vitro experiments using spleen cells from MRL/lpr mice revealed that treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus and tacrolimus induce Treg cells and decreased Th17 cells. Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus can augment the therapeutic effect of tacrolimus while improving the T cell imbalance in SLE. Funding Source(s): None
The Importance of Effectively Teaching Social Skills to Students with High-Functioning Autism

Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Due to this dramatic increase, the amount of children with high-functioning autism that have entered public schools across the United States has skyrocketed. Often times these children might have average IQs, but they often exhibit deficits in various social skills that can cause them to have difficulties in a variety of other areas. Research supports and emphasizes the importance of effectively teaching social skills to children with high-functioning autism. Because social functioning is a critical part of today’s society, children with high-functioning autism must meet developmental social milestones in order to be a successful and contributing member of society. The researcher of this study examined social skills interventions and characteristics that made them effective. The researcher examined literature on this topic and gathered information from educational professionals who have had experience teaching social skills to children with high-functioning autism. Findings indicate a significant need for effective and structured interventions that target these unique social needs of these children. Social Skills & ASD 7 Chapter
Trust in C2C Electronic Commerce: Ten Years Later

In 2008, Jones and Leonard developed and tested a model of trust in consumer-to-consumer (C2C) electronic commerce (e-commerce). The authors expected that natural propensity to trust (NPT) and perc...
Basis of Diet Guide

The nutritional guidelines are expressed in a variety of ways. Grams, international units, milligrams, and micrograms are used to express the daily need for essential nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and minerals. In contrast, quantitative guidelines for nutrients such as carbohydrate and fat are expressed as percentages of food energy consumed. This chapter discusses a diet guide that follows a nutrient approach and is designed for individuals who have a higher degree of interest in the relationship between nutrition and health and are interested in learning more about the nutritional value of food. The advent of the high-speed computer combined with the knowledge of nutritional requirements and food composition makes it possible to use the nutritional share concept to evaluate diets and plan menus. Two aspects are important to understand the nutritional value of individual foods: (a) the amounts of nutrients supplied by a food per serving and (b) the level of nutrients supplied by the food relative to food energy, the index of nutritional quality (INQ).
An Investigation of Measuring Driver Anger with Electromyography

This research explores a novel approach to measuring driver anger using facial electromyography (EMG) while completing a navigation task on a driving simulator. Participants’ anger was induced by traffic events that were frustrating in nature as well as time pressure while having to follow navigational directions. Participants’ feeling of anger was assessed multiple times via subjective self-reports while being continuously monitored through a facial EMG. Participants’ trait driving anger was assessed using the Driving Anger Scale. Results showed that, compared to baseline measures, participants had significantly higher facial EMG activation values and subjective feelings of anger upon experiencing frustrating events, suggesting facial EMG as a reliable physiological measurement for inferring drivers’ feelings of anger. This experimental protocol can be used to assess anger in navigational contexts in future studies.
Homeless Advocacy and the Rhetorical Construction of the Civic Home

What does the endeavor to end chronic homelessness entail? Is ending homelessness a matter of public funding? Of providing shelter beds and access to health care? In Homeless Advocacy and the Rheto...
IMPACT OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN RENAL TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES ON LONG TERM CARDIAC OUTCOMES

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death amongst patients with advanced CKD with an age-adjusted mortality 10-15x greater than the general population. CAD screening recommendations in pre-renal transplant patients differ between ACC/AHA and K/DOQI guidelines, are derived primarily from
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Supplementary Motor Region Impacts the Effectiveness of Interleaved and Repetitive Practice Schedules for Retention of Motor Skills

Interleaved rather than repetitive practice (RP) is associated with superior retention of motor skills. It has been argued that this results from improved post-practice consolidation reflected in greater offline gains following interleaved practice (IP). The magnitude of this offline benefit has been associated with greater recruitment of supplementary motor area (SMA) during encoding. The present study administered anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during interleaved or RP respectively in an attempt to modify the activity at SMA and the concomitant retention outcomes commonly associated with these training formats. Sixty-nine participants were assigned to one of four experimental conditions that included: IP-sham, RP-sham, IP-cathodal tDCS, and RP-anodal tDCS. Real or sham stimulation at SMA was administered during practice of three unique 6-key discrete sequence production tasks which lasted approximately 20-min. Tests were administered prior to practice and immediately after practice as well at 6-h, 24-h, and 72-h after practice ended. As anticipated, IP resulted in poorer acquisition but superior offline gain. Enhanced offline gain following interleaved training resulted from rapid stabilization of performance within the first 6-h following encoding and overnight improvement that continued over multiple sleep episodes. Administration of anodal stimulation at SMA during RP improved performance during training compared to sham but this benefit was short lived as forgetting during the first 6-h after practice was consistent with that observed for the sham counterpart. However, supplementing RP with anodal stimulation at SMA did foster overnight offline performance gains not displayed by individuals that experienced RP in the absence of stimulation.
CONSTRAINTS ON GRAVITY AND DARK ENERGY FROM THE PAIRWISE KINEMATIC SUNYAEV–ZEL’DOVICH EFFECT

We calculate the constraints on dark energy and cosmic modifications to gravity achievable with upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) surveys sensitive to the Sunyaev?Zel?dovich (SZ) effects. The analysis focuses on using the mean pairwise velocity of clusters as observed through the kinematic SZ effect (kSZ), an approach based on the same methods used for the first detection of the kSZ effect, and includes a detailed derivation and discussion of this statistic?s covariance under a variety of different survey assumptions. The potential of current, Stage II, and upcoming, Stages III and IV, CMB observations are considered, in combination with contemporaneous spectroscopic and photometric galaxy observations. A detailed assessment is made of the sensitivity to the assumed statistical and systematic uncertainties in the optical depth determination, the magnitude and uncertainty in the minimum detectable mass, and the importance of pairwise velocity correlations at small separations, where nonlinear effects can start to arise. In combination with Stage III constraints on the expansion history, such as those projected by the Dark Energy Task Force, we forecast 5% and 3% for fractional errors on the growth factor, ?, for Stage III and IV surveys, respectively, and 2% constraints on the growth rate, fg, for a Stage IV survey for . The results suggest that kSZ measurements of cluster peculiar velocities, obtained from cross-correlation with upcoming spectroscopic galaxy surveys, could provide robust tests of dark energy and theories of gravity on cosmic scales.
Teen Dating Violence Help-Seeking Intentions and Behaviors Among Ethnically and Racially Diverse Youth: A Systematic Review.

Teen dating violence (TDV) affects millions of youth in the United States and globally each year. A systematic review was conducted to examine the help-seeking intentions and behaviors of youth bet...
The Coronavirus Pandemic and Food Security: Evidence from Mali

Abstract This paper documents some of the first estimates of changes in experienced food insecurity associated with the coronavirus pandemic in a low-income country. It combines nationally representative pre-pandemic household survey data with follow-up phone survey data from Mali and examines sub-national variation in the intensity of pandemic-related disruptions between urban and rural areas. Although rural households are more likely to experience food insecurity prior to the pandemic, we find that food insecurity increased more in urban areas than in rural areas. Just three months after the onset of the pandemic, the rural–urban gap in experienced food insecurity completely vanished. These findings highlight that understanding effect heterogeneity is critically important to effectively designing and targeting post-pandemic humanitarian assistance.
Towards in vivo imaging of ganglion cell layer somas using widely-available clinical OCT devices

The development and application of adaptive optics (AO) in retinal imaging have enabled visualization of a plethora of retinal cells and structures. However, major hurdles exist for translating these achievements to the widely-available clinical devices for broad clinical applications. Here, by configuring a research grade AO – optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) system to simulate a clinical OCT device, we provide evidence that clinical OCT systems have the potential to resolve individual ganglion cell layer somas and determine that a lateral sampling of ~1.5 µm/pixel is required to accurately quantify soma density and size.
MD-HM: memoization-based molecular dynamics simulations on big memory system

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a fundamental method for modeling ensembles of particles. In this paper, we introduce a new method to improve the performance of MD by leveraging the emerging TB-scale big memory system. In particular, we trade memory capacity for computation capability to improve MD performance by the lookup table-based memoization technique. The traditional memoization technique for the MD simulation uses relatively small DRAM, bases on a suboptimal data structure, and replaces pair-wise computation, which leads to limited performance benefit in the big memory system. We introduce MD-HM, a memoization-based MD simulation framework customized for the big memory system. MD-HM partitions the simulation field into subgrids, and replaces computation in each subgrid as a whole based on a lightweight pattern-match algorithm to recognize computation in the subgrid. MD-HM uses a new two-phase LSM-tree to optimize read/write performance. Evaluating with nine MD simulations, we show that MD-HM outperforms the state-of-the-art LAMMPS simulation framework with an average speedup of 7.6x based on the Intel Optane-based big memory system.
A rare case of recurrent HHV6 encephalitis in an immunocompetent adult.

Abstract Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a virus known to cause mild infection in children. In adults, HHV-6 reactivation has been described in immunocompromised individuals.Rarely, viral reactivation occurs in immunocompetent adults causing significant disease and morbidity. The use of certain medications, like amoxicillin, has been found to induce HHV-6 reaction in a number of cases. We report a 63-year-old immunocompetent female who presented with headache, fever and altered mental status. Past medical history included two bouts of HHV-6 encephalitis treated at external facilities. According to her medical history, both episodes of encephalitis were preceded by amoxicillin use. Her lumbar puncture analysis was consistent with viral etiology and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR was positive for HHV-6. She was successfully treated with intravenous ganciclovir. It is important to keep a broad differential diagnosis in mind when approaching encephalitis in adults, and to be aware of unusual triggers for viral reactivation. Clinicians who suspect the infection in the correct clinical setting can successfully treat patients with recurrent HHV-6.
Lightning Geolocation and Flash Rates from LF Radio Observations During the RELAMPAGO Field Campaign

The lightning data products generated by the low-frequency (LF) radio lightning locating system (LLS) deployed during the Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observation (RELAMPAGO) field campaign in Argentina provide a valuable data set to research the lightning evolution and characteristics of convective storms that produce high-impact weather. LF LLS data sets offer a practical range for mesoscale studies, allowing for the observation of lightning characteristics of storms such as mesoscale convective systems or large convective lines that travel longer distances which are not necessarily staying in range of regional VHF-based lightning detection systems throughout their lifetime. LF LLSs also provide different information than optical space-borne lightning detectors. Lightning measurements exclusive to LF systems include discharge peak current, lightning polarity, and lightning type classification based on the lightning-emitted radio waveform. Furthermore, these measurements can provide additional information on flash rates (e.g., positive cloud-to-ground flash rate) or narrow bipolar events which may often be associated with dynamically intense convection. In this article, the geolocation and data processing of the LF data set collected during RELAMPAGO is fully described and its performance characterized, with location accuracy better than 10 km. The detection efficiency (DE) of the data set is compared to that of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper, and spatiotemporal DE losses in the LF data set are discussed. Storm case studies on November 10, 2018, highlight the strengths of the data set, which include robust flash clustering and insightful flash rate and peak current measures, while illustrating how its limitations, including DE losses, can be managed.
The effect of Medicaid expansion on Medicaid participation, payer mix, and labor supply in primary care

Evidence of increased health care utilization associated with the Medicaid expansion suggests that clinicians increased capacity to meet demand. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying this response. Using a novel source of all-payer data, we quantified clinicians' response to the Medicaid expansion - examining whether and how they changed their Medicaid participation decisions, payer mix, and overall labor supply. Primary care clinicians in expansion states provided an average of 49 additional appointments per year (a 21% relative increase) for patients insured by Medicaid, compared to clinicians in non-expansion states - with new-patient visits representing half (25 appointments) of this overall increase. Clinicians did not increase their labor supply to accommodate these additional appointments. They instead offset the 1.7 percentage point average increase in Medicaid payer mix with an equivalent reduction in commercial payer mix. However, this reduction in commercial patient share represented only a 2.8% relative decrease, with commercially insured patients still comprising the majority of the average clinician's patient panel. Subsample analyses revealed a larger increase in care for Medicaid patients among clinicians with high Medicaid participation preceding the eligibility expansion.
Self-management of chronic disease in Latina Kinship caregivers: an integrative review

In the United States, Latinos experience a higher prevalence of chronic diseases with concomitant complications when compared to Non-Latino Whites. Older Latina women often manage a chronic illness while also providing kinship care. This article presents an integrative review of Latina kinship caregivers' self-management of chronic disease. An extensive review of the literature was conducted in seven databases. Four resulting studies included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research and suggested health outcomes for Latina kinship caregivers were often worse when compared to other groups. A major gap in the literature identified an absence of disease-specific self-management behaviors for this population.
Put-Call Parity and the Law

A common literary theme is the conflict between appearance and reality. That conflict also frequently arises in the law, where it is usually cast as one between substance and form. Another discipline in which the conflict arises is finance, where it appears in the put-call parity theorem. That theorem states that given any three of the four following financial instruments--a riskless zero-coupon bond, a share of stock, a call option on the stock, and a put option on the stock--the fourth instrument can be replicated. Thus, the theorem implies that any financial position containing these assets can be constructed in at least two different ways. Its legal significance arises when economically equivalent holdings receive different legal treatments because they are constructed from different instruments. That difficult legal issues are raised by the explosion of financial instruments, which places pressure on the existing but inconsistent legal categories, is well recognized in both the legal and finance literatures. This phenomenon, however, is not new, as is widely believed. These recent developments represent a difference in degree, not kind, with earlier developments. Using the put-call parity theorem, this paper describes how the ability to convert financial positions between stock, debt and options has long been used to circumvent legal rules. In addition, its application is not limited to financial instruments, because the theorem not only applies to market-traded debt, options and stocks, but to all financial positions that have cash flow patterns that correspond to these instruments. The paper traces the use of the put-call parity theorem to evade regulations that focus on form not substance back to Medieval England and the forerunner of the modern mortgage. The paper also discusses the significance of the put-call parity theorem for regulation more generally. It argues that the put-call parity theorem increases the intensity of regulatory competition and that the theorem undermines the tax law's distinction between owners and other interest holders.
Should Eating Disorders be Included in the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum?

Publisher Summary The purpose of this chapter is to explore evidence regarding whether Eating disorders (EDs) should be conceptualized as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) spectrum conditions. Data relevant to comorbidity, symptom profiles, etiology, and treatment are also reviewed. A core issue about EDs–OCD relationship, concerns the types of symptoms that qualify for OCD diagnoses in individuals with EDs. It is noted that the obsessive-compulsive features related to food and body weight are prominent in all EDs. It includes relentless thoughts about thinness, body shape preoccupations, and incessant ruminations about food. Repetitive behaviors resembling compulsions are also common, including excessive exercise, methodical calorie counting, ritualistic food cutting, and repetitive weighing. Despite the resemblance of these ED features to OCD obsessions and compulsions, clear distinctions exist. It is clear that OCD symptoms are common among individuals with EDs and that ED symptoms occur in individuals with OCD. However, beyond these similarities, a consistent picture has yet to emerge, although data are sufficient to suggest several possibilities regarding the link between EDs and OCD.
Mapping Yamunaji's linguistic landscape research: Cartographies in context, culture and class

The current paper pays intellectual homage to a prolific scholar whose contributions to world Englishes need formal acknowledgement. Current linguistic landscape research it is argued stands to gain from Yamuna Kachru's timely theorizations. This paper situates Kachru's forty-six year-research within the chronoscope of her own evolving scholarly career to demonstrate the provocative implications of her brand of research. Her theorizations stand poised to re-revolutionize the field's acknowledgement of linguistic rights particularly in regard to peripherally acknowledged, yet semiotically salient variables of pertinence to current research namely, context, culture and class which her research assiduously, indeed, meticulously sought to study.
Absolute fixed point sets for multi-valued maps

The notion of a multi-valued absolute fixed point set (MAFS) will be defined and characterized in the setting of set-valued maps with images containing multiple components.
Perspectives on International Radiological Trafficking

Nuclear and radiological materials continue to fall outside of legal control throughout the world. Comparison of 777 non-United States (U S) with 495 U S cases for CY2002–2005 suggests reporting is about 10% of the actual cases. Recoveries occur for more than 30% of the cases and are accomplished through detection and several other means. Fortunately, most radiological cases involve small amounts of material but there are about 6–8 cases annually with particularly troubling circumstances.
ZTE’s perspective on applying OFDM-PON in next converged optical and wireless networks

Driven by ZTE and other telecom vendors and operators in order to meet the ever increasing bandwidth demand from fixed optical network users and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services, the latest next generation passive optical network (NGPON2) is being standardized by Full Service Access Network (FSAN) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which consists of two separated sub-systems, hybrid time- and wavelength-division multiplexing PON (TWDM-PON) and point-to-point wavelength- division multiplex (PtP WDM). The TWDM-PON will be used for traditional residential, business and wireless backhaul services which are not sensitive to time delay and delay variation, whereas the PtP WDM is mainly used for emerging wireless fronthaul service which is very sensitive to the time delay and time delay variation. However, as a main international standards’ contributor, ZTE thinks for those operators who offer multiple-level of services to both residential, business and mobile backhaul/fronthaul users, this obviously raises significant economic and power concerns by demanding to deploy two separated systems. Therefore, in this paper, for the first time, ZTE proposes a new converged optical and wireless integrated network architecture and topology by applying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) PON technology, which is able to simultaneously support residential, business and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services in terms of meeting the requirements of both time delay sensitive and non-sensitive services, and also address the economic and power concerns compared with conventional technologies. This architecture is further investigated and analyzed in depth on functional block, Quality-of-service (QoS), synchronization and deployment considerations. Also ZTE reports in this paper the first 40Gbps OFDMPON prototype in which eight wavelengths each with 5Gbps Ethernet data via 10G-PON encapsulation method (X-GEM) and 10G-PON transmission convergence (X-GTC) framing are demonstrated.
Two trypsin inhibitors from porcine pancreatic juice.

Abstract Two trypsin inhibitors of the Kazal type have been isolated from porcine pancreatic juice. They have been prepared in 65% yield by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 at pH 8.1 in the presence of 10-4 m diisopropyl phosphofluoridate, filtration through diethylaminoethyl cellulose at pH 9, and equilibrium chromatography on sulfoethyl Sephadex at pH 5.4. The major component, Porcine Inhibitor I, has a chemical molecular weight of 6024 and contains 56 residues per molecule: Asp4, Thr6, Ser6, Glu7, Pro5, Gly4, Ala1, Cys6, Val4, Ile3, Leu2, Tyr2, Lys4, Arg2. The minor component, Porcine Inhibitor II, contains 1 residue each fewer of glutamic acid, threonine, serine, and proline. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences, Thr-Ser-Pro-Gln-Arg-Glx-Ala and Arg-Glx-Ala (where Glx denotes glutamyl or glutaninyl), have been determined for Porcine Inhibitors I and II. It is likely that Inhibitor II is equivalent to residues 5 through 56 of Inhibitor I. The inhibitor isolated from bovine pancreatic juice (Greene, L. J., Rigbi, M., and Fackre, D. S., J. Biol. Chem., 241, 5610 (1966)) contains 56 amino acid residues and has the amino-terminal sequence Asn-Ile-Leu-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala. There are a minimum of eight differences in amino acid sequence when Porcine Inhibitor I is compared with bovine inhibitor. The polypeptides are homogeneous by equilibrium chromatography, electrophoresis, and amino acid analysis, and also on the basis of the stoichiometry of their interaction with trypsin. The preparations appear to contain small amounts of dimer not in rapid equilibrium with monomer. The monomer molecular weights, determined by equilibrium centrifugation, and the minimum molecular weights, determined from the stoichiometry of the interactions with trypsin, are consistent with the chemical molecular weights calculated from amino acid composition. The inhibitors are secreted in the pancreatic juice in the free form (not combined with trypsin) and together are equivalent to 0.1% of the total protein in pancreatic juice. The relative concentrations are 4:1 for Inhibitors I and II, respectively. Burck, Cerwinsky, and Grinnan (Abstracts of the American Chemical Society Meeting, Chicago, September 1967, p. C-22) have prepared a fraction containing both inhibitors from acid extracts of porcine pancreas, and Fritz et al. (Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem., 348, 405 (1967)) have isolated a porcine inhibitor containing 53 residues of similar composition and properties. A partial purification of prekallikrein was achieved when porcine pancreatic juice was filtered on Sephadex G-75.
Disruption of layers 3 and 4 during development results in altered thalamocortical projections in ferret somatosensory cortex

The precision of projections from dorsal thalamus to neocortex are key toward understanding overall cortical organization and function. To identify the significance of layer 4 cells in receiving the bulk of thalamic projections in somatosensory cortex, we disrupted layer 4 genesis and studied the effect on thalamic terminations in ferrets. Second, we ascertained the result of layer 4 disruption on functional responses and topographic organization. Methylazoxy methanol (MAM) was injected into pregnant ferrets on embryonic day 33 (E33), when most layer 4 neurons of somatosensory cortex are generated. This treatment resulted in dramatic reduction in the thickness of targeted layer 4. E38 MAM treatment was used as a control, when layer 2–3 neurons are generated. The projections of ventrobasal thalamus into somatosensory cortex were studied using DiI injections. We found only subtle differences between groups (normal, E33, or E38 MAM-treated) in the thalamic afferent pattern on postnatal day 1 (P1) and P7. On P14, thalamic terminations distribute almost equally throughout the remaining cortical layers in the E33 MAM-treated group compared with normal and E38 MAM-treated animals, in which the ventrobasal thalamus projects primarily to central layers. Electrophysiological recordings conducted on mature ferrets treated with MAM on E33 demonstrated that somatotopic organization and receptive field size are normal. These findings emphasize the importance of layer 4 in determining the normal laminar pattern of thalamic termination and suggest that, although its absence is likely to impact on complex neocortical functional responses, topographic organization does not arise from the influence of layer 4.
A comparative study of successful aging in three Asian countries

The purpose of this research is to examine successful aging in three Asian countries, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand, using data from the WHO regional studies of Health and Social Aspects of Aging. Successful aging is defined as having no ADL difficulties, and at most, one Nagi difficulty. For the most part, the results are similar to those using more developed populations in that gender, age, no morbid conditions, positive attitude toward one's own aging and the ability to manage money are all correlated with successful aging. An interesting finding is that for the least developed country, Indonesia, being an unskilled worker is significantly associated with increased odds for successful aging. The final section of the paper discusses the theoretical implications regarding a disability transition for elderly populations as countries develop. We also focus on the current political and economic situations in the countries under study, and consider the possible impacts on elderly health.
Thermophysical properties of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate): Characterized by TMA, DSC, and TMDSC

The melting, isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) have been studied by means of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) and conventional DSC. Various experimental conditions including isothermal/annealing temperatures (80, 90, 100, 105, 110, 120, 130, and 140°C), cooling rates (2, 5, 10, 20, and 50°C/min) and heating rates (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50°C/min) have been investigated. The lower endothermic peak (Tm1) representing the original crystals prior to DSC scan, while the higher one (Tm2) is attributed to the melting of the crystals formed by recrystallization. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) was used to evaluate the original melting temperature (Tmelt) and glass transition temperature (Tg) as comparison to DSC analysis. The multiple melting phenomenon was ascribed to the melting-recrystallization-remelting mechanism of the crystallites with lower thermal stability showing at Tm1. Different models (Avrami, Jeziorny-modified-Avrami, Liu and Mo, and Ozawa model) were utilized to describe the crystallization kinetics. It was found that Liu and Mo's analysis and Jeziorny-modified-Avrami model were successful to explain the nonisothermal crystallization kinetic of PHB. The activation energies were estimated in both isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization process, which were 102 and 116 kJ/mol in respective condition. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42412.
Search performance prediction for multistatic sensor fields

An existing search performance model for distributed passive sensor networks is extended to multistatic sensor networks comprised of active sources and passive receivers. The model provides an upper bound on the detection range of a receiver in the field, and uses this bound to compute the expected probability of successful search for a given target track. This expected probability depends on the numbers of sources and receivers in the field, their location distribution functions, and the location and orientation of the track. For uniformly (randomly) distributed sources and receivers, the distribution function for the upper bound on receiver detection range can be computed analytically in closed form. We show that the resulting estimates of probability of successful search for uniformly distributed multistatic fields is a reasonable approximation to more accurate values obtained via Monte Carlo simulation for various numbers of sources and receivers, and for various numbers of required detections. We conclude with a discussion of how this model may be used in designing and planning multistatic systems for undersea surveillance.
The Natural Environment as Field-Level Actor: The Environment and the Pulp and Paper Industry in Maine

This article conducts a field-level analysis of institutional change in the pulp and paper industry in the state of Maine over the past 30 years. Furthermore, it considers the natural environment as a field-level actor, which can focus and redirect attention and resources, serve as a constraint on previously acceptable behavior, and act as a catalyst for institutional change.
Active detachment faulting above the Peruvian flat slab

The Cordillera Blanca detachment fault in the Peruvian Andes is, to our knowledge, the first active detachment to be documented above a modern flat slab. Crustal detachment has unroofed the ca. 8 Ma Cordillera Blanca batholith, now the backbone of the highest mountain range in Peru. Large-magnitude slip along the fault was thermally enhanced by emplacement of the batholith, the penultimate magmatic event prior to flattening of the Nazca slab. However, extensional models based on arc magmatism and crustal thickening alone do not adequately explain the scale or structural asymmetry of a series of young, deep-seated, west-dipping normal faults across Peru. Here we show that the onset of detachment faulting coincided with subduction of the aseismic Nazca Ridge and consequent flattening of the Nazca slab. We propose that slab buoyancy from ridge subduction triggered extensional collapse of the prethickened continental crust, and that this buoyancy drove footwall uplift that exceeds basin subsidence. The west-dipping asymmetry of late Cenozoic extensional faults in Peru may be controlled by a preexisting crustal anisotropy (older thrusts), and/or formation of Riedel-like shears kinematically linked to the flat Nazca slab.
Repair Strategy Usage by Hearing-Impaired Adults and Changes Following Communication Therapy

This investigation documented how hearing-impaired individuals use communication repair strategies in structured settings and determined whether these strategies could be changed by communication t...
Partial hybrid finite elements for composite laminates

Three types of partial hybrid finite elements are presented in order to set up a global/local finite element model for analysis of composite laminates. In the global/local model, a composite laminate is divided into three different regions: global, local, and transition regions. These are modeled using three different elements. In the global region, a 4-node degenerated plate/shell element is used to model the overall response of the composite laminate. In the local region, a multilayer element is used to predict detailed stress distribution. In the transition region, a multilayer transition element is used to smoothly connect the two previous elements. The global/local finite element model satisfies the compatibility of displacement at the boundary between the global region and the local region. It also satisfies the continuity of transverse stresses at interlaminar surfaces and traction conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of composite laminates. The global/local finite element model has high accuracy and efficiency for stress analysis of composite laminates. A numerical example of analysis of a laminated strip with free edge is presented to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the model.
Actinomycin D inhibition of avian myeloblastosis virus production by chick-embryo fibroblasts.

Abstract 1. Cultures of chick-embryo fibroblasts were exposed to chicken plasma containing avian myeloblastosis virus and the incorporation of [2- 14 C]uridine into virussized particles of the culture supernatant was studied. 2. These particles, when examined by sedimentation in sucrose gradients and by electron microscopy, resembled virus particles from leukemic plasma. No particles were evident in control cultures. 3. Particles formed by virus-exposed chick-embryo fibroblasts sedimented somewhat more rapidly in sucrose gradients than those formed by myeloblasts. 4. The incorporation of [2- 14 C]uridine into these particles by chick-embryo fibroblasts was inhibited by a low concentration of actinomycin D. 5. There was no detectable additional RNA synthesis resistant to actinomycin D in virus-exposed fibroblasts compared to control fibroblasts.
Multiparameter estimation in truncated power series distributions under the stein's loss

LetX 1,…,X p be p(≥2)independent random variables, where each X.has a distribution belonging to a one parameter truncated power series distribution. The problem is to estimate simultaneously the unknown parameters under asymmetric loss developed by James and Stein (Proc. Fourth Berkeley Symp. Math. Statist. Prob. 1, 361-380). Several new classes of dominating estimators are obtained by solving a certain difference inequality.
Influence of T-helper cell subsets and crossregulation in hepatitis B virus infection.

Serological and biochemical studies indicate that acute HBV infection is resolved in the context of an efficient cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, whereas, chronic infection is characterized by weak to undetectable CMI responses and relatively efficient humoral immunity. Because humoral immunity and CMI are regulated by different TH subsets, factors which influence the induction of TH1 vs TH2 cells specific for the HBV nucleocapsid antigens (HBcAg, HBeAg) were examined in a murine model system. The factors which affected the HBc/HBeAg-specific TH1/TH2-cell balance included: (1) the structure of the antigen (i.e. HBcAg vs HBeAg); (2) the host MHC and T-cell site recognized; (3) crossregulation between TH1 and TH2 cells; (4) T-cell tolerance, which is more complete in TH1 than in TH2 cells; (5) secreted HBeAg, which preferentially depletes TH1 cells; (6) the HBV-specific subset response could be skewed towards either TH1 or TH2 predominance by cytokine treatment in vivo. The results suggest that the balance between TH1 and TH2 cells specific for the HBc/HBeAgs may be relevant in acute and chronic HBV infections. Importantly, HBeAg-specific TH2 cells preferentially evade tolerance induction as compared to their TH1-cell counterparts. Because HBeAg may act as a tolerogen during the vertical transmission of chronic HBV infection and preferentially depletes TH1 cells in the circulation, the predominance of HBeAg-specific TH2 cells may influence the initiation or maintenance of the chronic carrier state. In this case, cytokine therapy designed to shift a TH2-like response toward TH1 predominance (i.e. IL-12) may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
The soluble proteins in eye lens nuclei of albacore, bluefin tuna and bonito

Abstract 1. 1. Many samples of nuclear lens protein can now be electrophoretically processed at the same time, facilitating the identification of populations and the detection of rare protein variants. Multiple, simultaneous electrophoretic patterns of protein were prepared from lens nuclei of albacore, bluefin tuna and bonito. 2. 2. No variation was found among the albacore patterns. However, while acidic protein polymorphism, which is common, was revealed in the bluefin patterns, the bonito patterns revealed a rare polymorphism—a variably present, highly basic protein. Variation in protein concentration is apparently controlled by multiple genes.
Biological characteristics of adenomatous nodules, adenomas, and hyperfunctioning nodules as defined by adenylate cyclase activity and TSH receptors.

This study was designed to examine the functional characteristics of thyroid adenomas, adenomatous (colloid) nodules, hyperfunctioning nodules, and normal thyroid parenchyma with respect to the presence of TSH receptors, levels of adenylate cyclase, and the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to specific stimuli, e.g., NaF (sodium fluoride), GTPγS [guanosine 5′-0-(3-thiotriphosphatate)], PGE1, and TSH. Aliquots of specimens from patients undergoing thyroidectomy [11 normal thyroids, 7 adenomas, 8 adenomatous (colloid) nodules, 5 hyperfunctioning nodules] were immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored at 90°C. Studies were performed on partially purified plasma membranes. Receptor binding of125I-TSH was quantitated and analyzed according to Scatchard. Adenylate cyclase activity was assayed in the same tissue fraction by conversion of (α-32P) ATP to cAMP.
Analysis of Hantaan Virus RNA: Evidence for a New Genus of Bunyaviridae

Hantaan virus, the prototype virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, was examined for nucleic acid characteristics which would support its previously proposed inclusion in the virus family Bunyaviridae. Nucleocapsid RNA from Hantaan virions and a control bunyavirus were examined for ribonuclease A (RNase A) sensitivity. Both viruses exhibited a similar accessibility of RNA within nucleocapsids to digestion by RNase A. Complete digestion of the RNA of both viruses was affected with high concentrations of ribonuclease. Evidence for negative strand RNA polarity was obtained by an in vitro transcriptase assay. RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity was associated with Hantaan virions. Polymerase activity required manganese and nucleoside triphosphates and was enhanced by magnesium, 2-mercaptoethanol, and sodium chloride. Oligonucleotide map analysis of the large (L), medium (M), and small (S) genome segments of Hantaan virus demonstrated that each RNA species was unique with respect to each other and was different from host cell ribosomal RNA. A common 3' terminal sequence of the three genome segments was determined to be 3' AUCAUCAUCUG. This sequence is different from those reported for viruses within the four recognized genera of the Bunyaviridae. Because all other data were consistent with nucleic acid characteristics of the Bunyaviridae, we propose a separate genus within the Bunyaviridae with Hantaan as its prototype virs.