cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A desensitized state of the beta adrenergic receptor not associated with high-affinity agonist occupancy.

Exposure of certain cells (e.g., frog erythrocytes) to beta adrenergic agonists leads to desensitization of the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase to further beta adrenergic stimulation, which is associated with a fall in the number of beta adrenergic receptor binding sites. To explain further the mechanism of this agonist-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase-coupled beta adrenengic receptors, intact frog erythrocytes were "desensitized" by incubation with the radiolabeled beta adrenergic agonist [ 3 H]hydroxybenzylisoproterenol. This incubation with agonist led to a "loss" of 33% of the (-)-[ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites ( beta adrenergic receptors) from membrane fractions prepared from the erythrocytes. Although 192 fmoles/mg of protein of (-)-[ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites were lost from the membranes of desensitized cells, only 24 fmoles/mg of protein of [ 3 H]hydroxybenzylisoproterenol remained specifically bound to sites in the membranes from the desensitized cells. Thus residual agonist, tightly bound to "high-affinity" receptor sites, does not explain the loss of beta adrenergic receptor binding sites that occurs during desensitization of the intact cells.
Structural behavior of conical shells

Conical shells occur frequently as components of deep submersibles. Often they are joined to either cylindrical or spherical shells. Hydrostatically loaded conical shells are often reinforced by circumferential rings. Often the conical shell is securely attached, perhaps welded, to some adjacent, coaxial, shell such as a cylinder or a sphere or possibly to a heavy reinforcing ring. Hydrostatically loaded conical shells are often reinforced by circumferential rings and may buckle elastically, plastically, or into the elasto-plastic range of action. The buckled shape of a truncated conical shell consists of a number of dents (lobes) of depth measured normal to the undeformed shell surface at least several times the shell thickness. The lobes extend from one end of the truncated cone to the other and are rather regularly spaced around the circumference of the shell. Because of initial geometric imperfections in the shell prior to loading, thickness variations occurring during production of the sheet metal from which the cone is fabricated, and possible small amplitude vibrations occurring during testing, the entire circumference may not be filled with lobes.
Broken SU(3) as a Particle Symmetry

Publisher Summary SU(3) is a simple direct generalization of isotopic spin and hence, it should be treated analogously. Isotopic spin (i-spin) invariance is analogous to the invariance of a theory under rotations in ordinary space in which it implies that there is no preferred direction in an abstract three dimensional Euclidean space called i-spin space or charge space. In this charge space, the elementary particles are represented as components of spinors, vectors, and so forth. Isotopic spin invariance holds only in the limit of neglecting the electromagnetic and weak interactions. Thus, as the particle interactions stronger than electromagnetism are invariant under i-spin transformations, it is expected that particle interactions that are stronger than a new interaction should be invariant under SU(3). This chapter discusses the algebra of SU(3), weights and labeling of bases, action of generators on bases, multiplicities and direct product decomposition, and tensor and Wigner operators.
Advances in noninvasive detection of CAD.

Preview“Doctor, my chest has been hurting.” This common complaint challenges physicians to decide on an appropriate diagnostic evaluation to determine cardiovascular status. Significant technologic advances have increased our ability to accurately detect coronary artery disease. In this article, Dr Kahn reviews the newer noninvasive methods of testing.
The Integral Iμ on L1(μ)

This section is devoted to the construction of an integral I μ from a measure μ, to the relationships between μ and I μ (especially for Borel measures μ for ℝ), and to a brief consideration of the vector spaces L p (μ), 1 ≦ p ≦∞, associated with μ.
Evacuation of Pets During Disasters: A Public Health Intervention to Increase Resilience

During a disaster, many pet owners want to evacuate their pets with them, only to find that evacuation and sheltering options are limited or nonexistent. This disregard for companion animal welfare during a disaster can have public health consequences.Pet owners may be stranded at home, unwilling to leave their pets behind. Others refuse evacuation orders or attempt to reenter evacuation sites illegally to rescue their animals. Psychopathologies such as grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder are associated with pet abandonment during an evacuation. Health care workers may refuse to work if their animals are in danger, leaving medical facilities understaffed during crises. Zoonotic disease risk increases when pets are abandoned or left to roam, where they are more likely to encounter infected wildlife or unowned animals than they would if they were safely sheltered with their owners. These sequelae are not unique to the United States, nor to wealthy countries.Emergency planning for companion ...
Efficient Rectangular Waveguide-to-Stripline Transition in $D$ -Band

We present a waveguide-to-stripline transition for full ${D}$ -band operation from 110 to 170 GHz. An $E$ -plane probe in parallel with the waveguide main axis is configured to effectively couple the signal in the primary TE10 mode from the waveguide into the quasi-TEM mode on the chip. Stripline is chosen to minimize the propagation loss, which in turn facilitates efficient power transmission. The probe in conjunction with the stripline is fabricated on a narrow and thin quartz substrate in order to eliminate possible leakage due to dielectric-loaded waveguide modes. The entire structure is optimized by the use of finite element simulation software and is validated with experiments. Measurements on a back-to-back waveguide component showed good coupling efficiency with an insertion loss of about 1 dB or better across the entire band.
A SOICOPRAGMATICS STUDY ON SOCIAL CRITICISM IN MEME COMICS

The rapid development of information technology makes the publication in internet media more accessible and faster. Meme comics are the example of famous internet publication. Its features and content which are full of social criticism distinguish meme comics from any other comics. The research is aimed to describe the pragmatic features of meme comics. Furthermore, the various topics of social criticism expressed in meme comics are analyzed based on sociopragmatics approach. Pragmatic equivalent method is applied to identify the pragmatic features of meme comics. Moreover, the similar method is also applied in analyzing the various topics of social criticism in meme comics. Based on its form of utterance, meme comics tend to use harsh utterances to deliver social criticism. Consequently, swear words and taboos are often found. Furthermore, the use of specific terms which frequently contain adult content makes this comic only appropriate for adult readers. Then, the context and setting of meme comics describe such a topic with simple pictures and words. The research also discusses various topics of social criticism found in meme comics. The topics include sex, gender, law, technology, and lifestyle. Basically, the topics of social criticism in meme comics reveal things which happen in daily life. Eventually, the social criticism may function as a satire for people to do introspection from the mistakes in life. Consequently, the social criticism could be a trigger for mental revolution among the society to live a better life. Key words : meme comics, sociopragmatics, internet media, information technology
Endogenous Network Effects in Multiplex Interorganizational Relationships: Critical Review

This paper reviews articles that address the interplay between two or more types of interorganizational ties published in the top management and sociology journals. I first summarize the empirical findings on how different forms of ties – for example, alliances, board interlocks, or employee connections – influence each other. The observed tie-to-tie effects are then classified on two criteria: first, whether the antecedent affects the outcome positively or negatively, and second, whether the outcome tie is formed with the same partner as the antecedent tie. This classification suggests four endogenous network effects: embeddedness, redundancy, complementarity, and incompatibility. I examine assumptions scholars make about firm motives that drive connections between individual organizations and how each of the four structural effects relate to the assumed firm motives. Conclusion discusses the current state of knowledge on mutual influence between multiplex interfirm ties and outlines the directions for f...
Gesturing standard deviation: Gestures undergraduate students use in describing their concepts of standard deviation

Abstract This descriptive study explores the gestures undergraduate students produce when talking about the concept of standard deviation (SD). Gestures can be an important source of information about underlying internal representations of mathematical concepts, but thus far have not been examined in research exploring why concepts of variability (such as standard deviation) are difficult for students to learn. Thirteen undergraduates who had taken at least one course in statistics were asked to explain how they thought about SD. Speech and gesture were analyzed for their possible interpretation as encoding distance from the mean and frequency of values at different distances. We describe the different types of gestures that occurred in the data and also present a coding scheme that can be utilized for future research linking these gestures to students’ understanding of SD. We discuss how such a multimodal approach can enhance mathematics pedagogy.
Storage-Efficient Data Prefetching for High Performance Computing

Data prefetching is widely adopted in modern high performance processors to bridge the ever-increasing performance gap between processor and memory. Many prefetching techniques have been proposed to exploit patterns among data access history that is stored in on-chip hardware table. We demonstrate that the table size has considerable impact on the performance of data prefetching. While a small table size limits the effectiveness of the prediction due to inadequate history, a large table is expensive to be implemented on-chip and has longer latency. It is critical to find a storage-efficient data prefetching mechanism. We propose a novel Dynamic Signature Method (DSM) that stores the addresses efficiently to reduce the demand of storage for prefetching. We have carried out extensive simulation testing with a trace-driven simulator, CMP$im, and SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks. Experimental results show that the new DSM based prefetcher achieved better performance improvement for over half benchmarks compared to the existing prefetching approaches with the same storage consumption.
Equivalent Linearization and Nonlinearization

This chapter is focuses on the equivalent linearization and nonlinearization. It is applicable to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. This technique is most frequently used for ordinary differential equations with periodic solutions. It yields an approximate periodic solution. The given equation is modeled by a linear or nonlinear equation for which the exact solution can be found. The solution to the nonlinear ordinary differential equation is approximated. The total error can be minimized by choosing the. This is accomplished by differentiating the total error with respect to and setting the resulting expression to zero (for i = 1 , 2 ,., n ). It is found that solving these simultaneous algebraic equations yields the desired values of the α i .
Identity Theft: A Brief Overview

The following paper addresses an overview of the crimes of identity theft. The paper defines identity theft and provides a brief historical insight into the crimes up through their modern incarnations. It addresses legislation enacted to address these crimes; who exactly are the victims of identity theft; a profile of some of the perpetrators that commit these crimes; some possible methodologies for carrying out the crimes; prevention techniques; and a brief nod to the challenge of mitigating these crimes going forward.
“Trying to Blow All Life Through a Brass Trombone”: Ralph Ellison Preaches the Blues

Not only does Ralph Ellison's writing reflect his background as a musician who played European classics and Southwestern blues-based jazz, and whose fiction reflect the aesthetics of these worlds, but also his work reveals a vital connection to religion. It is O'Meally's contention that Ellison viewed the Negro spiritual and sermon, with their frequent namings of the troubles of the world, as never more than two steps from the blues—Ellsion's model and metaphor for American culture. Ellision blended the two forms in an aesthetic and philosophy of transcendence that needed both to ring true. The spiritual dimension that always underlies his project as a writer is explored and developed.
On-Chip High Impedance RMS Voltage Measurements at 265–300 GHz

A wideband (265–300 GHz) and high impedance root-mean-square (RMS) detector for on-chip voltage measurements is demonstrated in a 45-nm bulk CMOS process. The detector responsivity is ~70V/W at 10-nA bias. Adding the detector increases the loss of a 140-μm long GCPW thru structure by less than 0.2 dB up to 300 GHz. The compact RMS detectors are placed under a grounded coplanar waveguide feed to a patch antenna with virtually no area penalty, and used to measure the standing wave voltages. The minimum detectable signal of detector is ~-37 dBm with a dynamic range of ~40 dB.
Author Correction: Single-pot glycoprotein biosynthesis using a cell-free transcription-translation system enriched with glycosylation machinery

The original version of this Article contained an error in Figure 2, wherein the bottom right western blot panel in Figure 2a was blank. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Bioanalytical method development and validation for determination of fibroblast growth factor peptide and its application to pharmacokinetic studies.

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor peptide (FGF-P) is a polypeptide analog of FGF-2 that could be a potential mitigation and treatment agent for radiation syndromes. Prior to conducting preclinical pharmacokinetics, we developed and validated the LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method for determination of FGF-P in rat plasma for the first time. FGF-P was extracted from rat plasma using the protein precipitation technique followed liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane as a solvent. The mobile phases consisted of two components: (a) 0.1% formic acid in water; and (b) acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid in water (95:5) under gradient elution. The validated method was also successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of FGF-P (10 mg/kg, intravenous) in Wistar rats. The method proved to be specific, accurate, precise, and linear over the concentration range of 2–500 ng/mL with coefficient of determination greater than 0.99 in all validation batches. The within-run and between-run accuracy was 87.97–115.00% with a precision of less than 14%. The mean recoveries ranged from 88.14% to 101.73%. The stability of the compound in plasma samples was proven under various storage conditions. After intravenous administration of FGF-P (10 mg/kg) the C0 was 70.4 µg/mL and the AUC was 86.2 µg*min/mL.
Examining Both Sides of the Transaction: Bargaining in the Housing Market

This article examines the bargaining power and information advantages of housing market participants with special interest in the outcomes of individuals compared to real estate agents. Prior studies examining agents’ sales of their own properties find that they obtain higher prices than their clients, which is notable because it suggests a possible conflict of interest. In addition to reexamining agents’ sales after correcting for a simultaneity issue, we consider agents’ purchases of their own properties as well as the sales and purchases of the other market participants. Agents’ purchases offer direct evidence of their ability to transact while in competition with other market participants without the potential conflict of interest. The results demonstrate that agents hold bargaining power relative to individuals. Companies (investors) also exhibit bargaining power over individuals, which seems to concentrate in vacant properties as well as during economic expansionary periods.
Linguistic Markers of Stance and Genre in Upper-Level Student Writing:

Stance is a growing focus of academic writing research and an important aspect of writing development in higher education. Research on student writing to date has explored stance across different l...
2-phenyloxazolines as carboxylate precursors - applications to the synthesis of asymmetric branched-chain structures

Abstract A synthetic approach to the title compounds is presented that features the asymmetric elaboration of a chiral, non-racemic oxazoline followed by a two-step oxidative ring cleavage of the heterocycle to a triamide for further transformation.
Factors affecting lymph node sampling patterns and the impact on survival of lymph node density in patients with Wilms tumor: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database review.

Summary Background Lymph node (LN) involvement is an important prognostic indicator for patients with Wilms tumor (WT), and there have been previous reports of utilizing LN density (LND = positive LN/LNs examined) as an advanced metric to risk-stratify patients with WT. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe patient characteristics that affect LN yield and assess the effect of LND on the overall survival (OS) in patients with WT, with the expectation that patients with LNDs above a critical cut-point would demonstrate lower OS. Study design The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database was queried for all patients diagnosed with unilateral WT from 2004 to 2015. Patient and disease characteristics were collected, and Poisson regression was used to identify characteristics correlated with LN yield. LND was calculated for LN-positive patients, and multivariable survival analysis was performed, including patient demographics and LND as variables. Results 1489 patients with unilateral WT were identified for analysis, 231 (15.51%) of whom were LN-positive. Median patient age at diagnosis was three years (IQR 1–5). On Poisson regression, the year of diagnosis, patient age, tumor size and laterality, and stage were found to impact LN yield. For patients with positive LNs, five-year OS of patients with LNDs above 0.4 was worse than those below 0.4 (76.1% vs 89.6%, p = 0.041). On multivariable analysis, tumor size and LND remained significant predictors of OS. Discussion Administrative databases such as SEER provide an excellent resource for studying conditions where large patient numbers for analysis are difficult to obtain. Unfortunately, the SEER database is unable to account for every factor that could affect LN sampling patterns. Additionally, favorable vs unfavorable histology is not available in SEER, and SEER utilizes its own staging system, which makes comparison to Children's Oncology Group staging difficult. Despite these limitations, the findings of this study are similar to those previously published using administrative databases analyzing LN sampling patterns and the effect of LND on OS in WT. Conclusions Analysis of the SEER database confirms that there are several patient- and disease-specific factors that affect the number of LNs sampled during nephrectomy for WT, and that LND may be a predictor of OS. These findings highlight the need for standardization of LN sampling patterns for pediatric renal tumors and support the investigation of LND in future studies to further risk-stratify WT patients to tailor therapy intensity.
Similarity evaluation of topography measurement results by different optical metrology technologies for additive manufactured parts

Abstract The surface topographic measurements can be used by the additive manufacturing (AM) industry for in-situ quality inspection. However, disagreements may arise when we use different technologies to measure the topography of the same sample surface due to noise, sampling or optical properties of the sample surface, which may cause miscommunications or confusions between manufacturers. Thus, proposing methods for rating the similarities to match surface topographic data measured by various optical techniques is of crucial importance. This research investigates similarity evaluation methods for three-dimensional point-cloud topography data acquired by different technologies. Two different optical techniques (focus variation microscopy and structured light scanning) are used as testbeds. We propose two similarity evaluation methods for three-dimensional point-cloud data based on image distance method and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods are effective and informative in determining whether the measured data are collected from the same sample, even though the measuring systems have different working principles and resolutions. This research facilitates our understanding of the discrepancies between different measuring systems, and meanwhile benefits a cyber-manufacturing system where unified inspection methods are unavailable among different manufacturers sharing the metrology data in cyber space.
Acute Healthcare Utilization of a Multidisciplinary Neurocognitive Dementia Patient Cohort.

Background and purpose Upon referral from the primary care provider (PCP), dementia is diagnosed either by a neuropsychological evaluation (NPE) or at a multidisciplinary neurocognitive clinic (MNC). Following the NPE, patients continue receiving care from their PCP. In contrast, patients at the MNC are followed by a multidisciplinary care team that provides expertise across specialties in dementia care and education for the patient, family members, and care providers. The purpose of the study was to determine the utilization of acute healthcare services during the 2 years following a diagnosis of dementia in patients from the MNC and NPE. Methods A retrospective review was performed of 581 electronic medical records from January 2010 through December 2014 for 2 cohorts of patients diagnosed with dementia 1) by a neuropsychologist or 2) in a MNC. Acute-care hospital admissions, emergency room (ER) visits, and nonroutine PCP visits were identified. Categorical demographics and utilization variables were summarized by frequency. Chi-square analysis was used to analyze demographic characteristics and overall utilization between MNCs and NPE. Utilization in comparison with various demographic characteristics was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients and negative binomial regressions. Results Patients evaluated in the MNC were older, more severely impaired, and lived alone more often compared with NPE patients, but there was no increase in hospital admissions and ER visits. Patients who underwent NPE were 1.58 times more likely to have a nonroutine PCP office visit than patients evaluated in the MNC (p=0.0093). Conclusions Performing follow-up in multidisciplinary clinics provides patients with more education and may help to reduce the utilization of healthcare services.
Plant-level characteristics could aid in the assessment of water-related threats to the electric power sector

Abstract Water is a necessary resource for thermoelectric power generation. Extreme conditions (e.g., droughts and floods) threaten both the quantity and quality of power plant water supply as well as disrupt wastewater discharges back to the environment. Changing climate conditions and water use regimes have prompted numerous assessments exploring the growing threat water poses to the electric power industry. However, lacking from public sources are plant-level data potentially important to such assessments. To better understand this data gap, a semi-structured interview approach was employed with a subset of (coal-fired) power plant owners and operators to characterize the modes by which extreme conditions impact their plant’s operations and the measures they have implemented to mitigate water related threats. Interviews engaged 69 power plants, characterized by a range of capacities, cooling types, and water sources. Twenty-five unique modes of impact were identified across the 69 plants, with 96% of plants reported taking some deliberate action to mitigate water-related threats; thirty-four different adaptive measures were recorded. Results here are intended to raise awareness for this potentially important data gap, which could influence the accuracy of projections concerning individual power plant operations under extreme climate conditions supporting grid reliability and long-term system planning exercises.
Rural Availability of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs)

Purpose Sexual assault care provided by sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) is associated with improved health and prosecutorial outcomes. Upon completion of SANE training, nurses can demonstrate their experience and expertise by obtaining SANE certification. Availability of nurses with SANE training or certification is often limited in rural areas, and no studies of rural certified SANEs exist. The purpose of this study is to describe rural SANE availability. Methods We analyze both county-level and hospital-level data to comprehensively examine SANE availability. We first describe the geographic distribution of certified SANEs across rural and nonrural (ie, urban or suburban) Pennsylvania counties. We then analyze hospital-level data from semistructured interviews with rural hospital emergency department administrators using qualitative content analysis. Findings We identified 49 certified SANEs across Pennsylvania, with 24.5% (n = 12) located in 8 (16.7%) of Pennsylvania's 48 rural counties. The remaining 37 certified SANEs (75.5%) were located in 13 (68.4%) of Pennsylvania's 19 nonrural counties. Interview data were collected from 63.9% of all eligible rural Pennsylvania hospitals (n = 63) and show that 72.5% (n = 29) have SANEs. Of these, 20.7% (n = 6) have any certified SANE availability. A minority of hospitals (42.5%; n = 17) have continuous SANE coverage. Conclusions Very few SANEs in rural Pennsylvania have certification, suggesting barriers to certification may exist for rural SANEs. Though a majority of hospitals have SANEs, availability of SANEs was limited by inconsistent coverage. A lack of certified SANEs and inconsistent SANE coverage may place rural sexual assault victims at risk of receiving lower quality sexual assault care.
The Foliar Microbiome Suggests that Fungal and Bacterial Agents May be Involved in the Beech Leaf Disease Pathosystem

Beech leaf disease (BLD) is a recently discovered disease that is causing severe damage to American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in northeastern North America. The recently described nematode Litylenc...
Sequence-Signature Optimization Enables Improved Identification of Human HV6-1-Derived Class Antibodies That Neutralize Diverse Influenza A Viruses.

Sequence signatures of multidonor broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies can be used to quantify the prevalence of B cells with virus-neutralizing potential to accelerate development of broadly protective vaccine strategies. Antibodies of the same class share similar recognition modes and developmental pathways, and several antibody classes have been identified that neutralize diverse group 1- and group 2-influenza A viruses and have been observed in multiple human donors. One such multidonor antibody class, the HV6-1-derived class, targets the stem region of hemagglutinin with extraordinary neutralization breadth. Here, we use an iterative process to combine informatics, biochemical, and structural analyses to delineate an improved sequence signature for HV6-1-class antibodies. Based on sequence and structure analyses of known HV6-1 class antibodies, we derived a more inclusive signature (version 1), which we used to search for matching B-cell transcripts from published next-generation sequencing datasets of influenza vaccination studies. We expressed identified antibodies, evaluated their function, and identified amino acid-level requirements from which to refine the sequence signature (version 2). The cryo-electron microscopy structure of one of the signature-identified antibodies in complex with hemagglutinin confirmed motif recognition to be similar to known VH6-1-class members, MEDI8852 and 56.a.09, despite differences in recognition-loop length. Threading indicated the refined signature to have increased accuracy, and signature-identified heavy chains, when paired with the light chain of MEDI8852, showed neutralization comparable to the most potent members of the class. Incorporating sequences of additional class members thus enables an improved sequence signature for HV6-1-class antibodies, which can identify class members with increased accuracy.
Assessing Scientific Practices in Physics Paper-based Assessments

Calls to transform introductory college physics courses to include scientific practices require assessments that can measure the extent to which these transformations are effective. Such assessments should be able to measure students' abilities to blend conceptually important concepts with practices scientists engage in. To design assessment tasks that can measure these abilities, we leveraged Evidence-Centered Design and the Three-Dimensional Learning Assessment Protocol with the focal scientific practice of "Using Mathematics." We conducted video recorded one-on-one think-aloud interviews to explore how students interpreted these tasks. In this paper, we articulate our design process and the analysis of students' responses using the ACER (Activation-Construction-Execution-Reflection) framework. Our assessment tasks elicited students' abilities to blend concepts with mathematics and written solutions elicited evidence of their abilities to blend them most of the time. This work extends our understanding on incorporating scientific practices into paper-based assessments at the introductory level.
Cranial Nerve Palsy Secondary to Botulism After Black Tar Heroin Use.

Introduction: Wound botulism (WB) is an uncommon but severe neuromuscular illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum in an infected wound. There has been a dramatic increase in WB associated with black tar heroin injection in California. Case Description: A 50-year-old male with heroin abuse presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of dysphagia and dysarthria. Physical examination revealed slurred speech, inability to manipulate tongue, and slowed eye movements. The patient was also noted to have progressive weakness during hospitalization. Laboratory findings were unremarkable, and further workup, including a computerized tomography scan of the head and soft neck tissue, showed no abnormal findings. Given the history of heroin abuse in Southern California and findings on physical examination, a diagnosis of WB needed to be considered as the differential. The Department of Health was contacted, and treatment was initiated with botulism antitoxin and metronidazole. Despite the treatment, the patient9s condition did not improve, and the patient died. The resulting diagnosis was confirmed by C. botulism toxin A found in his serum a few days after the patient died. Discussion: Progressive cranial nerve palsy with symmetric descending paralysis with heroin abuse should raise the suspicion of WB and require prompt diagnosis and treatment. This case highlights raising awareness of the disease could help lead to early diagnosis and treatment.
A Linguistic and Stylistic Analysis of Ted Hughes’s “Hawk Roosting”

The world of birds in Ted Hughes poems has always been the subject of a controversy and critical interest. His attempts to majestify their violence, and project their terrifying and brutal traits might tend to give the impression that the poet is the envoy of terror. However, a closer inspection indicates that the bird-of-prey-world is boldly a foil to project human concerns and moral behaviour. This study provides a linguistic and stylistic analysis of the poem “Hawk Roosting”. Metonymically, the figure of the Hawk in the poem stands for birds of prey, and allegorically, it refers to political dictators in human history. The study, and for the first time, applies the concept of mind style, dramatic monologues and mask lyrics in its analysis to reflect the Hawk’s strange psychology and worldview depending on the rhythmic form and stylistic features. Thus, the study shows how distinctive linguistic features—such as, the use of pronouns, simple present tense, polysemy, enjambment, and deviant constructions among others—relate to the mental representation of the Hawk’s world. This view indicates that there would always be a Hawk to plague, or a dictator to rule, no matter where you are, or which time you live in.
Guided Self Replicating Factory for Colonization of Solar System

In this work we present the concept of guided self-replicating factory (GSFR). This factory would be established as a colony on the Moon, Mercury, Mars, or Asteroid Belt. GSFR would grow by using in situ materials in order to manufacture machines. The time it takes for GSFR to double it's mass and electric power output is called a doubling period. After about 50 doubling periods, GSFR would become a Dyson Sphere civilization, which can house $10^{16}$ people, $10^{19}\ tons$ of structure and machinery and have a gross electric power of $3 \cdot 10^{24}\ W$. GSRF would contain four parts. Electric power station would generate electricity for all other parts. Material production system would gather ores or native metals and produce metals, plastic, and propellant. Material shaping and assembly system would shape metal and plastic into details. These details would be assembled into machines. These machines would be added to all four parts of GSFR. Space transportation system would use fuel manufactured in situ manufactured in situ in order to facilitate transportation of machinery and astronauts from Lower Earth Orbit (LEO) to the colony. During later stages, space transportation system would also use spaceships fully or partially manufactured from space colony material.
Approach to Orbital Fractures After Athletic Injuries.

The bony orbit is commonly involved in athletic injuries. Evaluation should include a comprehensive history and ocular examination. Computed tomography imaging is the gold standard for diagnostic testing. Urgent surgical intervention for orbital floor fractures should occur after "white eye" trapdoor fractures or if oculocardiac response occurs. Most orbital fractures do not require urgent intervention and repair can be completed within 2 weeks of injury. There are many approaches to repair orbital fractures, and consideration of techniques depends on the unique fracture pattern. Intraoperative computed tomography has become frequently used and can lead to increased identification of plate malpositioning intraoperatively.
Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni–Neutrophil Interactions

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial-derived gastroenteritis worldwide, infecting 96 million individuals annually. During infection, inflammation and tissue pathology occur in the lower gastrointestinal tract, including the recruitment of leukocytes. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte in humans, and recruitment is associated with bacterial infections and the development of various inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Neutrophils possess three main antibacterial functions: phagocytosis and degradation of microbes, degranulation to release antimicrobial proteins, and extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Because neutrophils are recruited to the site of C. jejuni infection and they are associated with damaging inflammation in other diseases, it is imperative to understand the immunopathology that occurs during C. jejuni infection and thoroughly study the neutrophil response to the pathogen. Detailed protocols for human and ferret neutrophil isolations, neutrophil gentamicin protection assay, neutrophil activation flow cytometry assay, NET induction and quantification, and neutrophil western blot analysis are included in this article. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of human and ferret neutrophils Basic Protocol 2: Neutrophil gentamicin protection assay Basic Protocol 3: Neutrophil activation flow cytometry analyses Basic Protocol 4: Neutrophil extracellular trap induction and quantification Basic Protocol 5: Western blot detection of neutrophil-derived antimicrobial proteins.
Chapter 1 Sperm–Egg Fusion

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses fertilization in a few selected classes of animals, with major emphasis on the process and mechanism of sperm–egg fusion. Sperm–egg fusion (fertilization) is a fascinating example of membrane fusion. It is one of the natural or spontaneous membrane fusions that occur without the deliberate addition of exogenous fusing agents, such as viruses or chemicals. Most experimental observations of fertilization have been concerned with the physiological or developmental events that follow cell fusion. Few experiments have been undertaken with the specific aim to elucidate the membrane events involved in fusion per se . In some animals, the sperm plasma membrane is not capable of initiating fusion with the egg plasma membrane. The fusible acrosomal membrane appears to be protected by the nonfusible plasma membrane until the spermatozoon comes close to the egg. In some animals, the acrosomal membrane elongates during the acrosome reaction to become the surface membrane of the acrosomal process. It is this surface membrane—the elongated inner acrosomal membrane—that fuses with the egg plasma membrane.
Cancer: Many vessels, faulty gene

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) cancer syndrome is caused by mutations in theVHLgene, and is characterized by development of blood-vessel tumours. Production of blood vessels is normally stimulated when cells are short of oxygen. But when oxygen is plentiful, the factors that stimulate production of vessels are destroyed. It now turns out that the VHL protein is responsible for this destruction. So, when it is mutated, the result is too many vessels and tumour formation.
Results of Stripping Analysis of the Reaction K 39 (d, p)K 40

The MIT-ONR electrostatic generator and the broad-range spectrograph have been used to study the energies and angular distributions of protons emitted from a KI target bombarded with 6-Mev deuterons. Excitation energies are given for fifty-two levels in ${\mathrm{K}}^{40}$. Orbital angular momenta of captured neutrons in the stripping process are given for thirty-eight of these excited levels and for the ground state. The reaction energy for the ground-state transition has been measured as $Q=5.569\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010$ Mev.
Computer-Based Training for Deception Detection: What Users Want?

Training humans in detecting deception is as much a difficult and important problem as detecting deception itself. A computer-based deception detection training system, Agent99 Trainer, was built with a goal to train humans to understand deception and detect deception more accurately. Based on the previous studies, a newer version of this system was designed and implemented not only to overcome the limitations of the earlier system, but also to enhance it with additional useful features. In this paper, we present a usability study to test the design of this system from a users’ perspective. The findings of this study, based on quantitative and qualitative data, demonstrate good usability of the training system, along with providing a better understanding of what users want from such a deception detection training system.
Leading science: staying informed without micromanaging (achieving and keeping the balance)

Those who lead scientific efforts understand that they must contribute to judgments of both value and meaning of new data emerging from the bench. However, there is a fine line between staying informed, on the one hand, and quashing morale and creativity by overmanaging scientists at the bench. We discuss why we believe that micromanagement may be more likely to occur in science and how it can impact the caliber of scientific output. We also provide guidelines for how leaders can move with the data appropriately and keep the balance between staying abreast of work versus putting the brakes on work. Drug Dev. Res. 64:99–104, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ulcerlike projections developing in noncommunicating aortic dissections: CT findings and natural history.

OBJECTIVE. Aortic ulcerlike projections are focal, contrast-filled outpouchings projecting from the aortic lumen. Our aim was to document the CT findings and natural history of ulcerlike projections developing in patients with preexisting noncommunicating aortic dissection, including intramural hematoma or false lumen thrombosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS. By searching the radiology information system, we found 38 ulcerlike projections arising in an underlying noncommunicating aortic dissection that were identified at CT in 24 patients. Clinical factors were determined from patient records. CT scans were reviewed to determine aortic pathology type and appearance time of ulcerlike projections and to measure the diameters of the aorta and ulcerlike projections for comparison over time. Complications were defined as an increase of at least 20% in the diameters of the ulcerlike projections or aorta, the need for surgical repair, or both. Comparisons of ulcerlike projections with and without complications were perf...
Dihydropyridine receptors in muscle are voltage-dependent but most are not functional calcium channels.

1,4-Dihydropyridines are a new class of compounds believed to bind specifically and with high affinity to voltage-dependent calcium channels1–5. They may be the first example of a ligand of use in the extraction1,2 and purification3 of the Ca channel. Although Ca channels and dihydropyridine receptors are found in many tissues, the richest and most convenient source is skeletal muscle4. Functionally, 1,4-dihydropyridines such as nifedipine and nitrendipine block Ca channels6–11; this effect is believed to form the basis for their clinical importance as Ca antagonists in relaxing vascular smooth muscle6. But where currents through Ca channels can be measured directly7–10, the block has required 100–1,000 times higher concentrations of dihydropyridine than necessary for the saturation of dihydropyridine binding sites1,5. This discrepancy has remained unresolved because the study of pharmacological effects on Ca channels has required intact cells, while it has been difficult to investigate binding in other than cell-free preparations. Here we describe a method for measuring dihydropyridine binding to intact skeletal muscle and we compare our results with voltage-clamp measurements of Ca-channel block. We conclude that less than a few per cent of the binding sites in skeletal muscle represent functional Ca channels, contrary to general belief.
Reef morphology and sediment attributes, Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras

A reef monitoring program off Roatan, Bay islands, Honduras has produced base line data for platform bathymetry, major macrofauna distribution, and sediment attributes. Because erosion accompanying accelerated island development will be increasing in the near future, measurements of total suspended solids and sedimentation rate were made. Results show TSS range from 8 to 70 mg/l in the summer and 30 to 222mg/l in the winter. Sedimentation rates in the fore reef, where finer-grained terrigenous material would potentially accumulate, are 0.14mg/cm2/day to 7.07mg/cm2/day in the summer and 41 to 71mg/cm2/day in the winter. The summer values are well within the ranges of published results from other Caribbean carbonate platforms, however winter values are up to ten times that of other localities.
Noise, sampling, and the number of projections in cone-beam CT with a flat-panel detector

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the number of projection views on image noise in cone-beam CT (CBCT) with a flat-panel detector. Methods: This fairly fundamental consideration in CBCT system design and operation was addressed experimentally (using a phantom presenting a uniform medium as well as statistically motivated “clutter”) and theoretically (using a cascaded systems model describing CBCT noise) to elucidate the contributing factors of quantum noise (σQ), electronic noise (σE), and view aliasing (σview). Analysis included investigation of the noise, noise-power spectrum, and modulation transfer function as a function of the number of projections (Nproj), dose (Dtot), and voxel size (bvox). Results: The results reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between image noise and Nproj at fixed total dose: for the CBCT system considered, noise decreased with increasing Nproj due to reduction of view sampling effects in the regime Nproj <∼200, above which noise increased with Nproj due to increased electronic noise. View sampling effects were shown to depend on the heterogeneity of the object in a direct analytical relationship to power-law anatomical clutter of the form κ/f β—and a general model of individual noise components (σQ, σE, and σview) demonstrated agreement with measurements over a broad range in Nproj, Dtot, and bvox. Conclusions: The work elucidates fairly basic elements of CBCT noise in a manner that demonstrates the role of distinct noise components (viz., quantum, electronic, and view sampling noise). For configurations fairly typical of CBCT with a flat-panel detector (FPD), the analysis reveals a “sweet spot” (i.e., minimum noise) in the range Nproj ∼ 250–350, nearly an order of magnitude lower in Nproj than typical of multidetector CT, owing to the relatively high electronic noise in FPDs. The analysis explicitly relates view aliasing and quantum noise in a manner that includes aspects of the object (“clutter”) and imaging chain (including nonidealities of detector blur and electronic noise) to provide a more rigorous basis for commonly held intuition and heurism in CBCT system design and operation.
Investigation of drag and wake turbulence of a rotor hub

Abstract Hubs of rotating systems have a significant contribution to the total vehicle parasite drag. The complexity of hub configurations and of the flows around them leads to large uncertainty in drag prediction at the design stage, which inhibits the development of advanced concepts. A generic, modular hub configuration is used in a wind tunnel to deconstruct and resolve drag contributions, and to reduce the uncertainty in prediction and measurement. Predictions are made with the same configuration, including tunnel walls and support structure in flow field computations, using an overset, unstructured Navier–Stokes approach with mesh adaptation. A progression of results is presented; surface pressure calculations are used to compute integrated drag on the non-rotating and rotating configurations at various levels of assembly. These calculations are also used to extract interaction effects and causal physics. Experimental and computational wake velocity fields are compared for velocity deficits and shear layers. Measured and computed velocity profiles and turbulence spectra measurements in the hub near wake (0.5–1.0 hub diameters) correlate well when proper fidelity of grid, time step, and turbulence model are chosen. The wake spectral content is characterized by broadband turbulence in addition to large scale spectral content energizing the flow field.