cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF OBSTETRIC BRACHIAL PARALYSIS WITH A REPORT OF FIFTY CASES

1. Obstetric brachial paralysis should be treated by the orthopaedic surgeon as early as possible. 2. If treated early and properly, one may expect in the mild cases a good recovery in three or four months. 3. The more severe cases will require about six or seven months for a complete recovery. 4. Nerve operations are indicated if no improvement results in four months. 5. If sufficient improvement is noticed in four months, one may wait for four months more. 6. The shoulder should be put immediately in a splint or brace to prevent stretching of the paralyzed muscles and contraction of the unopposed muscles. 7. The support must be kept up for a very long time, for about eight to nine months, as deformities may occur. 8. Adhesions may occur due to slight injuries of the capsule, but these can be prevented. 9. The only deformity that it is hard to prevent is the pronation of the forearm. 10. The posterior dislocation is a sequel to the unbalanced paralysis of the shoulder muscles and may be prevented in most cases by proper orthopaedic methods. 11. The obstetricians can prevent the condition in many cases by proper management of the shoulder. 12. Taylor's procedure seems to be the most suitable for the nerve operations. 13. After-treatment must be carefully carried out after Taylor's operation. 14. Sever's operation is the best for correction of the shoulder deformities. 15. Hooking of the coracoid process should be corrected by a subperiosteal resection. 16. Pronation should be corrected by a tenotomy of the pronator radiiteres. One may also transplant that muscle to use it as a supinator.
INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM-DEFICIT ON MORPHINE INHIBITION OF QO2 OF RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX SLICES.

SummaryMorphine (0.002 M) has been found to inhibit significantly the potassium-stimulated oxygen uptake of rat cerebral cortex slices respiring in calcium-free glucose-Ringer's solutions. This effect is virtually absent with brain slices made from rats tolerant to 100 mg/kg/day of morphine. Inhibition by morphine does not occur in conventional Ringer's solution, indicating that the effect is linked to the ionic constitution of the suspending medium. Exposure of rats to an enviromental temperature of 4°C for one month does not alter the effect of morphine.
Moral Testimony and its Authority

A person sometimes forms moral beliefs by relying on another person's moral testimony. In this paper I advance a cognitivist normative account of this phenomenon. I argue that for a person's actions to be morally good, they must be based on a recognition of the moral reasons bearing on action. Morality requires people to act from an understanding of moral claims, and consequently to have an understanding of moral claims relevant to action. A person sometimes fails to meet this requirement when she relies on another person's moral testimony, and so there are moral limits on such reliance.
The management of gynecological hemoperitoneum found to be associated with a ruptured corpus luteum cyst

Rupture of a corpus luteum cyst (RCLC) is the major cause of gynecological hemoperitoneum. RCLC is often difficult to diagnose on imaging and a standardized management is not defined. While mild cases of hemoperitoneum associated with RCLC require only observation and support, surgical intervention is necessary for severe cases or if the adnexal cyst in question is concerning for malignancy or torsion. Our study compares the outcomes of patients undergoing conservative and surgical management of gynecological hemoperitoneum found to be associated with RCLC. We performed a retrospective chart review of non-pregnant patients with a diagnosis of hemoperitoneum, corpus luteum cyst rupture, or follicular cyst rupture of the ovary between September 2007 and January 2013. The clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and radiological findings of the women hospitalized and conservatively monitored or who underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy were reviewed for short-term and long-term adverse outcomes. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test or chi-square test for categorical data and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data between the comparison groups. Of 30 women appearing with gynecological hemoperitoneum associated with an adnexal cyst, 5 (17 %) underwent conservative management and 25 (83 %) underwent surgical management including laparotomy (n = 11, 37 %) and laparoscopy (n = 14, 47 %). Patients predominantly presented with pelvic or abdominal pain (93 % of patients). On imaging, RCLC (or ovarian mass) was visualized on the left side in 50 % of the cases. Women younger than 30 years old were more likely to be conservatively managed (p = 0.045) and all cases of radiological concern for malignancy were surgically managed. The correct diagnosis of RCLC was made preoperatively in only 40 % of surgically managed cases. No significant difference was seen in either short-term or long-term outcomes between the two groups. RCLC is a difficult diagnosis that can appear similar to torsion or malignancy on imaging and can prompt surgical management. Though our study size was small, there was no significant difference between conservative and surgical management options in terms of short and long-term adverse outcomes in the management of ruptured corpus luteum cyst-associated hemoperitoneum.
Physicians and organizations: an uneasy alliance or a welcome relief?

Background Physicians are increasingly practicing within structured or organized practice settings, even though it is frequently assumed that such organizations are inherently dissatisfying to physicians. In this study, a sensitive measure of physician satisfaction is used to compare physicians working in four types of practice settings: private group practice, solo practice, a closed-panel health maintenance organization (HMO), and a hospital-based practice. Methods A questionnaire was mailed to all physicians in a four county area in western Massachusetts, from which 1302 practicing physicians were identified. Based on responses to the questionnaire, the physicians were placed into one of the four practice arrangements. Satisfaction was measured by using an index methodology, with six statistically acceptable measures of satisfaction. Results All physicians surveyed were most satisfied with the personal and lifestyle factors related to their practice, regardless of practice setting. Those in a private group practice were the most satisfied. However, physicians in an HMO setting were more satisfied with medicine as a profession and less dissatisfied with the state's medical practice climate than physicians in the other practice settings. It appears that HMOs provide professional satisfaction by buffering physicians from the external regulatory climate, permitting them to focus more on patient care. Conclusions Identifying the factors that cause physician satisfaction and dissatisfaction within the various types of practice settings becomes increasingly important as current health care reform efforts continue to promote more structured practice environments. More research is needed to identify the various organizations physicians are involved with so that physicians' professional level of satisfaction can be maximized.
Loss of cohesin complex components STAG2 or STAG3 confers resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma

The protein kinase B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) is an oncogenic driver and therapeutic target in melanoma. Inhibitors of BRAF (BRAFi) have shown high response rates and extended survival in patients with melanoma who bear tumors that express mutations encoding BRAF proteins mutant at Val600, but a vast majority of these patients develop drug resistance. Here we show that loss of stromal antigen 2 (STAG2) or STAG3, which encode subunits of the cohesin complex, in melanoma cells results in resistance to BRAFi. We identified loss-of-function mutations in STAG2, as well as decreased expression of STAG2 or STAG3 proteins in several tumor samples from patients with acquired resistance to BRAFi and in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell lines. Knockdown of STAG2 or STAG3 expression decreased sensitivity of BRAF(Val600Glu)-mutant melanoma cells and xenograft tumors to BRAFi. Loss of STAG2 inhibited CCCTC-binding-factor-mediated expression of dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), leading to reactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling (via the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2; hereafter referred to as ERK). Our studies unveil a previously unknown genetic mechanism of BRAFi resistance and provide new insights into the tumor suppressor function of STAG2 and STAG3.
Pharmacists should jump onto the clinical pharmacogenetics train

This issue of AJHP is a theme issue on precision medicine, focusing on the use of pharmacogenetics in the clinical setting. The articles included provide substantial insight on how and why pharmacogenetics might and can be implemented in the clinical setting. In the past three to five years, the
Evolving approaches to the study of childhood poverty and education

Social scientists have conceptualised poverty in multiple ways, with measurement approaches that seek to identify absolute, relative, subjective, and multi-dimensional poverty. The concept of pover...
Protocols for distribution of new operating room block time

Abstract Critical resources such as operating room block time must be distributed in a fair and transparent manner, but must also provide the maximum yield for the institution. Most often the allocation, monitoring, and redistribution of operating room (OR) block time occurs with existing resources only. When new OR's come on-line, allocation of this new space must be performed in a careful and deliberate manner. We present our recent experience in three scenarios in which novel OR space became available, and the processes we used to distribute that new block time. The steps in the process are outlined in detail, and sample data metrics are reviewed which were, in part, used to determine this allocation. We believe that our recent experience delineates a method with which to allocate newly available OR block time in the most fair and transparent manner possible, providing maximum benefit to the institution, health care providers, and their patients.
Digital Holography of Aerosol Particles

This work combines digital holography with spatial filtering at two wavelengths to record the hologram and light-scattering pattern for single micrometer-sized aerosol particles using a color sensor. The results demonstrate the ability to unambiguously associate a complex scattering pattern with the particle size, shape, and orientation.
Algebraic disturbance growth by interaction of Orr and lift-up mechanisms

Algebraic disturbance growth in spatially developing boundary-layer flows is investigated using an optimization approach. The methodology builds on the framework of the parabolized stability equations and avoids some of the limitations associated with adjoint-based schemes. In the Blasius boundary layer, non-parallel effects are shown to significantly enhance the energy gain due to algebraic growth mechanisms. In contrast to parallel flow, the most energetic perturbations have finite frequency and are generated by the simultaneous activity of the Orr and lift-up mechanisms. The highest amplification occurs in a limited region of the parameter space that is characterized by a linear relation between the wavenumber and frequency of the disturbances. The frequency of the most highly amplified perturbations decreases with Reynolds number. Adverse streamwise pressure gradient further enhances the amplification of disturbances while preserving the linear trend between the wavenumber and frequency of the most energetic perturbations.
Low power tests of linear and circular polarizers at 170 GHz for EC Heating in ITER

Low power measurements were done on a set of miter-bend polarizers for converting a linearly polarized microwave beam into an arbitrary elliptically polarized beam at 170 GHz for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating in ITER. The miter-bend polarizers were designed and constructed by General Atomics (GA). The measured data are compared with numerical simulations performed using the vector theory of diffraction gratings and with High Field Structure Simulator (HFSS) software for the designed sinusoidal groove shapes. A full polarization map is obtained, both experimentally and numerically, by calculating the phase shifts of TE and TM modes of the grating surface. Excellent agreement is obtained between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results. In addition to the polarization properties, mode conversion in the polarization rotator miter-bend was studied experimentally by measuring the radiated fields from the waveguide aperture as a function of grating rotation angle.
Mapping the Functional Tortuosity and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Porous Polymer Membranes with Super-Resolution Nanoparticle Tracking.

As particles flow through porous media, they follow complex pathways and experience heterogeneous environments that are challenging to characterize. Tortuosity is often used as a parameter to characterize the complexity of pathways in porous materials and is useful in understanding hindered mass transport in industrial filtration and mass separation processes. However, conventional calculations of tortuosity provide only average values under static conditions; they are insensitive to the intrinsic heterogeneity of porous media and do not account for potential effects of operating conditions. Here, we employ a high-throughput nanoparticle tracking method which enables the observation of actual particle trajectories in polymer membranes under relevant operating conditions. Our results indicate that tortuosity is not simply a structural material property but is instead a functional property that depends on flow rate and particle size. We also resolved the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of flowing particles in ...
Influence of Broadcast Spray Nozzle on the Deposition, Absorption, and Efficacy of Dicamba plus Glyphosate on Four Glyphosate-Resistant Dicot Weed Species

Dicamba-resistant soybean technology provides an additional site of action for POST control of herbicide-resistant broadleaf weeds in soybean but also raises concern of off-site movement and damage to sensitive crops in adjacent fields. Dicamba formulations approved for use on dicamba-resistant soybean require applicators to use nozzles producing large droplets to reduce the risk of spray-particle drift. The use of nozzles with relatively larger droplet spectra can reduce herbicide deposition on target weeds, especially if a filtering effect from the crop canopy occurs. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of broadcast nozzle design on the deposition and efficacy of 280 g ha-1 glyphosate plus 140 g ha-1 dicamba applied POST to four herbicide-resistant weed species. The TTI11004 nozzle, the original nozzle labeled for dicamba applications on dicamba-resistant soybean, reduced deposition coverage and density on spray cards compared with the TT11004 and XR11004 nozzle. The AIXR11004 nozzle produces a very coarse droplet spectrum and did not reduce coverage on spray cards, though it did reduce deposition density. Herbicide solution deposition onto Palmer amaranth, tall waterhemp, giant ragweed, and horseweed ranged from 0.41 to 0.52, 0.55 to 0.87, 0.49 to 0.58, and 0.38 to 0.41 µl cm-2, respectively. Nozzle design and droplet spectrum did not influence the deposition of herbicide solution onto the target weed, as all nozzles were equivalent for all species and site-years. Herbicide efficacy was not influenced by nozzle design, as weed control and plant height reduction were similar for all species. The results of this experiment show that the use of the TTI11004 nozzle for dicamba applications to dicamba-resistant soybean will provide acceptable herbicide deposition and efficacy when applied under the label requirements of weed height and carrier volume.Nomenclature: Dicamba; glyphosate; giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTR; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA; tall waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer ( = A. rudis) AMATU; soybean; Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Source & Sourceability: Towards a probabilistic framework for dendroprovenance based on hypothesis testing and Bayesian inference

Abstract Long-distance procurement of timber was necessary for the construction of Ancestral Pueblo Great Houses in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. A number of higher-altitude tree sources were available within 30–70 km, though some isolated trees may have been acquired more locally. Highly regional tree ring variations enable matching some construction timbers to their source. Here, a method is developed which 1) develops a rejection criteria for ruling out sources for a tree ring sequence, 2) quantifies the relative spatial representation of a given source sequence, and 3) applies Bayes theorem to calculate posterior probabilities of source attribution. The application of this method in part supports past sourcing work, but indicates that the majority (59–64%) of timbers cannot be ascribed with even low confidence to the most common high-altitude sources. This analysis supports a model of diverse tree acquisition from a number of different sources, though with high uncertainty for a majority of timbers used in the present study.
The making of Lyme disease: a political ecology of ticks and tick-borne illness in Virginia

Scholars often attribute the increases in the incidence of tick-borne diseases to anthropogenic factors such as climate change and shifting land use patterns. However, they tend to overlook the pol...
Tackling the knife violence epidemic requires a radical upgrade in public health investment

Torjeson asks whether public health strategies can tackle London’s rise in fatal violence.1 Violence costs the NHS £2.9bn (€3.3bn; $3.9bn) annually. It also affects mental wellbeing and freedom to use outdoor spaces and increases the risks of obesity, cancer, and heart disease.2 A recent BBC news article said that making “a direct link between the number of killings and the number of Bobbies on the beat” …
Copper-gold nanoparticles encapsulated within surface-tethered dendrons as supported catalysts for the Click reaction

Abstract The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic testing of copper and copper:gold nanoparticles in melamine-based dendrons supported on SBA-15 is reported. It was found that by first making small gold nanoparticles using the dendrons as templates, stable copper(0) overlayers could then be successfully deposited. These samples were used as catalysts for the click reaction, with the most active samples possessing rates of 8.9 mol triazole produced/(mol copper – hour), nearly 50 times high than literature reports of copper nanoparticles in solution. In contrast, the gold nanoparticles themselves are inert for this reaction, consistent with the copper being deposited as an overlayer on the gold nanoparticles. Copper leaching was shown to be less pronounced for particles formed in the dendrons versus copper simply deposited on SBA-15. Larger dendrons lead to suppressed rates due to diffusion resistance with rates decreasing from 8.9 to 5.2 to 0.69 mol triazole produced/(mole Cu-hour) for G1, G2, and G3 respectively. Infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the reaction in real time, and provided information about the various surface intermediates formed.
Evaluation of the Design and Development of IT Tools in Education

Information technology (IT) tools in education have primarily been intended to serve two distinct goals, first expanding access to educational opportunities for learners who would not otherwise have them, and second, improving the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning for all. The Digital Planet 2006 report from the World Information Technology and Services Alliance (http://www.witsa.org/) states as follows:
Proceedings of the fortieth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing

The papers in this volume were presented at the Fourtieth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC 2008), held in Victoria, British Columbia, May 17--20, 2008. The Symposium was sponsored by the ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT). This volume also contains abstracts for invited talks by Jennifer Rexford and David Haussler, as well as a tutorial on the analysis of Boolean functions, delivered by Ryan O'Donnell. The submitted papers in many cases represent reports of continuing research. It is expected that most of them will appear in a more polished and complete form in scientific journals. In response to the Call for Papers, a record 325 submissions were received by the November 19, 2007 5:00 PM PST deadline (a short grace period was extended), of which 5 were eventually withdrawn. Although the submissions were not formally refereed, each received careful consideration. The committee held lengthy on-line discussions, followed by a physical meeting January 18-20, in Mountain View, California, attended by 20 of the 21 program committee members. Eventually, 80 papers were selected for inclusion in the program. Of these, the committee chose two recipients for the Best Paper Award: "Algorithms and Inapproximability Results For Every CSP?" by Prasad Raghavendra, and "Optimal Hierarchical Decompositions for Congestion Minimization in Networks" by Harald Racke. The committee also awarded the Danny Lewin Best Student Paper award to the former. A few months before the submission deadline, the committee began a discussion of the role of conceptual and outreach papers, concluding that these should be thoroughly integrated into the conference. There are many merits a paper can have, including mathematical sophistication, conceptual clarity, and extending the reach of theory. The committee reaffirmed the importance of all of these, while recognizing that none is a sine qua non of an excellent theory paper. To this end, the call for papers was modified to encourage outreach papers, and a conscientious effort was made throughout the reviewing process to recognize outreach, conceptual innovation, and simplicity as strengths.
A Unique Genomic Variant of HDR Syndrome in Newborn.

BACKGROUND HDR syndrome (also known as Barakat syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder due to deletions/mutations on specific regions of zinc-finger transcription factor (GATA3) gene. CASE CHARACTERISTICS A male preterm infant presented with multiple dysmorphic features characterized by small for gestational age, hypognathia and facial abnormalities. OBSERVATION Investigations revealed hypocalcemia and low parathyroid hormone levels and bilateral sensorineural deafness. OUTCOME Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a combination of deletion on chromosome 10p (10p15.3p14) with loss of GATA3 gene and duplication of chromosome 20p (20p13p12.3) as a result of unbalanced 10:20 translocation. MESSAGE Detecting this syndrome at neonatal age is very important because it allows early intervention to minimize future clinical problems.
Environmental regulation and love for variety

Using a model of monopolistic competition, we examine the relationship between intra‐industry trade and environmental regulation. The decisions on emission standards set by each country show strong strategic interactions. In closed economies regulations act as strategic substitutes, and in equilibrium there is under‐regulation relative to the cooperative outcome. Trade liberalization may lead to stricter or laxer environmental standards, depending on the consumers’ preference for product variety. In addition, we show that with open trade environmental regulations may act as strategic complements and countries may set environmental standards that are as strict (or stricter) than those in the cooperative outcome.
Choosing Wisely in Critical Care: National Survey Results

Overview A component of precision medicine is aimed at providing individualized medical treatments for patients. However, over-utilization of tests, treatments, and procedures is common. Aims The purpose of this study was to assess how critical care clinicians were individualizing patient care and implementing Choosing Wisely® recommendations in clinical practice. Methods A descriptive survey methodology was used with Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). The survey, consisted of 6 questions assessing if the respondent was familiar with the Choosing Wisely® initiative and if so, what recommendations had been implemented in clinical practice. Results A total of 2,520 responses were received from nurses (61%, n=1538), physicians (25.9%, n=647), advanced practice providers (10.5%, n=263), and pharmacists (2.1%, n=52). Overall, 1,273 (50.6%) respondents were familiar with the Choosing Wisely® campaign. Respondents reported that Choosing Wisely® recommendations had been integrated in a number of ways including being implemented in clinical care (N=817, 72.9%), through development of a specific clinical protocol or institutional guideline (n=736, 65.7%), through development of electronic medical record orders (n=626, 55.8%), or with integration of longitudinal tracking using an electronic dashboard (n=213, 19.0%). Conclusions Conclusions: The results of this national survey identify the application of the Choosing Wisely® recommendations to clinical practice for critical care clinicians. As only half of the respondents report implementation, additional strategies are needed to promote the Choosing Wisely® recommendations to make impactful change to improve care in critical care settings.
8.20 – Apoptosis☆

Apoptosis plays a critical role during normal development and homeostasis of adult tissues. Consequently, deregulation of apoptosis is associated with numerous diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. In this article, we describe in biochemical and structural detail the mechanisms that mediate the activation of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) within large multimeric complexes following the stimulation of death receptors and/or the perturbation of various intracellular organelles. In doing so, we discuss those factors that directly or indirectly regulate the activation (or activity) of caspases, including pro- and antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and IAP antagonists. We also briefly discuss highly related protein complexes that mediate an alternative form of cell death in cells lacking caspase activity.
Climate Assessment for 1996

Abstract The climate of 1996 can be characterized by several phenomena that reflect substantial deviations from the mean state of the atmosphere persisting from months to seasons. First, mature cold-episode conditions persisted across the tropical Pacific from November 1995 through May 1996 and contributed to large-scale anomalies of atmospheric circulation, temperature, and precipitation across the Tropics, the North Pacific and North America. These anomalies were in many respects opposite to those that had prevailed during the past several years in association with a prolonged period of tropical Pacific warm-episode conditions (ENSO). Second, strong tropical intraseasonal (Madden–Julian oscillations) activity was observed during most of the year. The impact of these oscillations on extratropical circulation variability was most evident late in the year in association with strong variations in the eastward extent of the East Asian jet and in the attendant downstream circulation, temperature, and precipit...
The Limited Utility of Routine Culture in Pediatric Pilonidal, Gluteal, and Perianal Abscesses.

Abstract Background Pilonidal, buttock, and perianal abscesses are common reasons for surgical consultation in the pediatric emergency department. Treatment typically includes a bedside incision and drainage, often followed by an abscess culture, and a course of oral antibiotics. We aimed to study the impact of culture data on changes in management and clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that management is unaffected by culture data, and therefore, fluid culture from pilonidal, buttock, and perianal abscesses in the pediatric population may represent an unnecessary laboratory test and cost. Materials and methods A single institution's electronic medical record was searched between February 1, 2013 and August 1, 2017, identifying 249 pediatric patients meeting the inclusion criteria: age 0 to 18 y; diagnosis of pilonidal, buttock, or perianal abscess; bedside incision and drainage. Patients were divided into two different comparison groups for data analysis based on the presence or absence of culture and recurrence or no recurrence. Results Culture results directly altered management in only 5 patient encounters (2.7% of all cultured). When comparing groups by culture or no culture, no statistically significant difference in recurrence rate (P = 0.4) was noted. When comparing groups by recurrence versus no recurrence, we found no statistically significant difference between sex, resident type, vessel loop use, packing use, or antibiotic use (P > 0.05). Conclusions We conclude that microbiological culture results are of limited utility in the management of pediatric pilonidal, buttock, and perianal abscesses as they do not appear to alter treatment, and omission of culture is not associated with failure of surgical management.
Model for Characterization and Optimization of Spectrally Selective Structures to Reduce the Operating Temperature and Improve the Energy Yield of Photovoltaic Modules

Many existing commercially manufactured photovoltaic modules include a cover layer of glass, commonly coated with a single layer antireflection coating (ARC) to reduce reflection losses. As many common photovoltaic cells, including c-Si, CdTe, and CIGS, decrease in efficiency with increasing temperature, a more effective coating would increase reflection of sub-bandgap light while still acting as an antireflection coating for higher energy photons. The sub-bandgap reflection would reduce parasitic sub-bandgap absorption and therefore reduce operating temperature. This reduction under realistic outdoor conditions would lead to an increase in annual energy yield of a photovoltaic module beyond what is achieved by a single layer ARC. However, calculating the actual increase in energy yield provided by this approach is difficult without using time-consuming simulation. Here, we present a time-independent matrix model which can quickly determine the percentage change in annual energy yield of a module with a s...
Cardiovascular and pregnancy outcomes in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction: a case series.

Background Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is observed in women of childbearing age, however, the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) is unknown. Case summary Women previously enrolled in a single centre prospective CMD registry diagnosed using invasive coronary reactivity testing were included. Among 279 women enrolled, 5 of 47 (10.6%) of childbearing age (18-44 years) subsequently became pregnant, representing a fertility rate of 36.8 births per 1000 women-years. None had history of hypertension, diabetes, or smoking. Four (80%) had a history of prior spontaneous miscarriage. Median age at CMD diagnosis was 32 years (IQR: 32-35). During pregnancy, most reported stable or improved angina, while one reported increased angina frequency, an emergency room visit and accelerated anti-anginal therapy. None experienced gestational hypertension, diabetes, pre-eclampsia, myocardial infarction, or death. Two (40%) experienced APO of preterm delivery and small neonate for gestational age. Following pregnancy, angina severity scores, and/or functional capacity decreased in three women (60%). Discussion In this first case-series of five women with CMD who became pregnant, increased angina and accelerated care during pregnancy and post-partum was not commonly observed. Fertility rates were lower than the national average, while prior spontaneous miscarriage and subsequent APO were higher. Further studies are warranted to understand and manage pregnancy in women with CMD, as well as the impact of pregnancy on longer term angina, functional capacity, and outcomes.
Developing an En Route Facility Traffic Forecasting Capability Using Origin-Destination Segment Passenger Demand

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publishes an annual Aerospace Forecast covering aviation activity in the National Airspace System (NAS), including en route Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) operational counts. The FAA uses the ARTCC forecast to inform staffing, budgetary, and other operational decisions for the facilities responsible for en route activity within the NAS.The ARTCC portion of the Aerospace Forecast is time-series based, utilizing historic counts of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) aircraft handled by 21 ARTCCs and three Center Radar Approach Control Facilities (CERAPs). The existing forecasting methodology does not explicitly consider airline routes or passenger flows.The MITRE Corporation (MITRE), in collaboration with the FAA Office of Aviation Policy and Plans (APO), developed an ARTCC forecasting methodology using a quarterly origin-and-destination (O-D) passenger demand framework consistent with the Terminal Area Forecast (TAF). The TAF is the FAA’s official annual forecast of airport activity, which incorporates O-D passenger demand and other market data at airports with 100,000 or more annual commercial enplanements. The ARTCC forecast combines predicted O-D segment counts from TAF with historic flight path distributions derived from the FAA Traffic Flow Management System (TFMS).Existing forecasts do not explicitly account for variance in flight path distribution. This paper provides a description of the methodology for this O-D segment-based ARTCC forecast.
Tiwanaku's Legacy: A Chronological Reassessment of the Terminal Middle Horizon in the Moquegua Valley, Peru

As in other examples of state collapse, political disintegration of the Tiwanaku state circa AD 1000 was accompanied by considerable cultural continuity. In the Moquegua Valley, Peru, the location of the largest Tiwanaku communities outside the altiplano, settlements and practices associated with this postcollapse cultural continuity are termed Tumilaca. Previous research indicated that Tumilaca was short-lived, with all vestiges of Tiwanaku gone from Moquegua's archaeological record by the thirteenth century when the valley was subsequently characterized by Estuquina-style materials. This article discusses radiocarbon dates from Tumilaca la Chimba, a village established as the political authority of the Tiwanaku state waned. The 21 absolute dates from Tumilaca domestic, public, and funerary contexts span at least 350 years, from the late tenth to the mid-fourteenth centuries AD. They suggest that (1) Tiwanaku-affiliated communities endured well into the later Late Intermediate Period (AD 1200–1470); (2) ongoing debates about the emergence of Estuquina communities must consider the role of terminal Tiwanaku populations; and (3) analyses of postcollapse continuity can be enhanced by considering peripheral locales and the particularities of continuity.
Babesia: Prevention for the Blood Supply

Abstract Exposure to blood, whether through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or even pregnancy (mother to fetus), can transmit infectious disease. Blood suppliers routinely test donated blood for a variety of infectious pathogens and screening for Babesia spp. occurs in endemic areas of the United States. People living in areas of endemicity are not allowed to donate blood if they have a history of babesiosis. Transmission of Babesia microti through red blood cell blood transfusion is a serious, although rare, public health threat for which these preventive measures are necessary. The first case of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in the United States occurred in 1979, and the incidence has increased. The National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module tracks transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI). In a reporting period ending December, 2016, the most frequently reported TTI involving red blood cell units was for Babesia spp. in 16 of 24 reported infections.
CAT platform: Challenges Toward Autonomous Network Diagnosis

Automation in network operation has becoming a one of urgent issues in network operators. Among the automation, network diagnosis is a challenging one. We are proposing novel platform named as “CAT” toward OPEX reduction.
High Order Nonlinear Processes in the Ultraviolet

Studies of multiphoton ionization of atoms have revealed several unexpected characteristics. The confluence of the experimental evidence involving studies of ion production and electron energy spectra leads to the hypothesis that the basic character of the atomic response involves highly organized coherent motions of entire atomic shells. This physical picture provides a basis for the expectation that stimulated emission in the x-ray range can be produced by direct highly nonlinear coupling of ultraviolet radiation to atoms.
Exporting Through Intermediaries: Impact on Export Dynamics and Welfare

In many countries, a sizable share of international trade is carried out by intermediaries. While large firms tend to export to foreign markets directly, smaller firms typically export via intermediaries (indirect exporting). I document a set of facts that characterize the dynamic nature of indirect exporting using firm-level data from Vietnam and develop a dynamic trade model with both direct and indirect exporting modes and customer accumulation. The model is calibrated to match the dynamic moments of the data. The calibration yields fixed costs of indirect exporting that are less than a third of those of direct exporting, the variable costs of indirect exporting are twice higher, and demand for the indirectly exported products grows more slowly. Decomposing the gains from indirect and direct exporting, I find that 18 percent of the gains from trade in Vietnam are generated by indirect exporters. Finally, I demonstrate that a dynamic model that excludes the indirect exporting channel will overstate the welfare gains associated with trade liberalization by a factor of two.
Anatomic stage extraction from medical reports of breast Cancer patients using natural language processing

Anatomic stage of cancer is a key factor in cancer prognosis and provides vital information in almost all types of cancer. The anatomic stage used to represent stage of cancer which shows attributes of tumor - T, number of affected lymph node -N and distant metastasis - M. Experts retrieve the anatomic stage information from clinical and pathological reports and most of these are unstructured. The main aim of the research study is to propose generalized decision-making tool for most accurate anatomic stage extraction from medical reports of different health organizations. Most previous work considered single health organization for research; extracted only TNM value, did not identify anatomic stage from TNM value; used pathology reports only. This research addresses the extraction of anatomic stage from Breast Cancer medical reports using Natural Language Processing because most of these reports are unstructured and require text processing to extract stage information from them. To detect most accurate anatomic stage, TNM information will be extracted from medical reports using NLP, machine learning technique and rule-based methodology. Average T, N and M accuracy for the rural region is 98%, 94% and 99% respectively whereas for urban region, average accuracy is 95%, 88% and 98% respectively. The average stage accuracy for rural and urban region is 93% and 85% respectively. 87% average stage accuracy achieved in both regions. Anatomic stage extraction with high accuracy in different health organizations of different regions shows that the proposed study is promising and generalized for most accurate anatomic stage extraction.
Bone-Tendon-Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A New Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Option.

Abstract The bone-tendon-bone (BTB) autograft is widely used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, the primary disadvantages of this technique include postoperative kneeling pain, the risk of perioperative patellar fracture, and graft-tunnel mismatch. Therefore, a single bone plug technique for ACL reconstructions was developed to mitigate the disadvantages of the BTB technique. To differentiate this graft, we have coined the term BTA, for bone-tendon-autograft. The middle third of the patellar tendon is used with a typical width of 10 to 11 mm. A standard tibial tubercle bone plug is harvested. The length of the patellar tendon and graft construct is then measured. If the tendon is >45 mm and the construct at least 70 mm, then we proceed with the BTA technique. At the inferior pole of the patella, electrocautery is used to harvest the tendon from the patella. The advantages of this technique include faster graft harvest and preparation. Obviating the patellar bone plug harvest should eliminate the risk of perioperative patellar fracture and theoretically will mitigate donor site morbidity and kneeling pain, 2 of the most commonly cited complications of the use of BTB autografts for ACL reconstruction. In conclusion, the BTA technique is a reliable technique for ACL reconstruction.
Earning our place, more or less: responsibility’s flexible relationship with desert in socioeconomic standing

I use a nationally representative survey to determine whether and which Americans associate personal responsibility with economic desert. Philosophers actively debate this relationship, but social scientists routinely take it for granted, foisting this assumed relationship on the people they study. Respondents, I find, generally want their economic fates to rest on criteria for which they are (or appear) personally responsible, but they express this belief with varying levels of conviction and with two notable exceptions. The first involves specific determinants of economic status. Respondents are divided on whether individuals exert control over their intelligence, creativity, health, and educational pedigree, but they are generally comfortable with the first two affecting peoples’ economic standing. The second concerns who considers personal responsibility morally relevant to economic status. Neoliberals, chiefly concerned with economic growth, are significantly less insistent that individuals be personally responsible for their economic standing. Same for non-white, lower income, and older respondents, and respondents from elite schools, though to a lesser degree. At best, ideal paths to economic success and ruin are moderately associated with personal agency, though many are weakly correlated. So it goes with respondents’ overall correlations between perceived control over economic determinants and the ideal-importance of those factors to economic standing. Researchers must look beyond their preferred philosophical dispositions and investigate justice as it is envisioned and lived by their subjects.
All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Novel Ionic Liquid Gel Electrolytes

In the past years, all-solid-state supercapacitors, as energy storage devices, have drawn greatest attention in both academic and industrial sectors because of their potential applications, in part...
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Focal Ischemic Stroke.

Focal ischemic stroke (FIS) is a leading cause of human debilitation and death. Following the onset of a FIS, the brain experiences a series of spatiotemporal changes which are exemplified in different pathological processes. One prominent feature of FIS is the development of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation in the peri-infarct region (PIR). During the subacute phase, astrocytes in PIR are activated, referred to as reactive astrocytes (RAs), exhibit changes in morphology (hypotrophy), show an increased proliferation capacity, and altered gene expression profile, a phenomenon known as reactive astrogliosis. Subsequently, the morphology of RAs remains stable, and proliferation starts to decline together with the formation of glial scars. Reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation eventually cause substantial tissue remodeling and changes in permanent structure around the PIR. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally isolated from a rat glioma cell-line and regarded as a potent survival neurotrophic factor. Under normal conditions, GDNF is expressed in neurons but is upregulated in RAs after FIS. This review briefly describes properties of GDNF, its receptor-mediated signaling pathways, as well as recent studies regarding the role of RAs-derived GDNF in neuronal protection and brain recovery. These results provide evidence suggesting an important role of RA-derived GDNF in intrinsic brain repair and recovery after FIS, and thus targeting GDNF in RAs may be effective for stroke therapy.
89723 CD105-targeted CAR T cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our work might lead to a new treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating hematologic malignancy, with dismal 5-year survival. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for B cell malignancies but not for AML. The goal of this study is to explore the safety and efficacy of CAR T cells targeting CD105 (endoglin) to treat AML. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We have constructed human and murine CAR T cells targeting CD105. The CARs were created by sequencing the V(D)J regions of hybridomas and designing single chain variable fragments that target CD105 which were subsequently introduced in a CAR backbone via Gibson assembly. The CAR T cells were produced via transduction using retrovirus or lentivirus. Leukemia cell lines were assessed for CD105 expression with flow cytometry. Killing assays were performed via measurement of luminescence of target cells after co-culture with CAR T cells. Activation assays were performed with co-culture of CAR T cells and target cells and measurement of activation markers with flow cytometry. To assess in vivo efficacy and safety, murine CAR T cells were infused into C57BL/6J mice carrying B16 melanoma after lymphodepletion. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: All human leukemia cell lines assessed (Nalm6, MOLM-14, MV4-11, Kasumi-1, THP-1) expressed some degree of endoglin apart from the T cell leukemia Jurkat. Human CD105 CAR T cells were activated by co-culture with leukemia cell lines and effectively killed leukemia cells in vitro in a CD105-specific manner. Murine CAR T cells killed efficiently both murine solid tumors (B16 melanoma) and murine leukemias (C1498) in vitro. Murine CAR T cells did not exhibit any toxicity when infused after low-dose lymphodepletion (cyclophosphamide 100mg/kg) but caused significant morbidity after higher doses (cyclophosphamide 200mg/kg). Murine CAR T cells delayed the growth of B16 melanoma in immunocompetent mice. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: We have constructed human and murine CD105 CAR T cells with excellent activity in vitro. The activity of human CD105 CAR T cells in xenografts and the biologic relevance of the toxicity of murine CD105 CAR T cells in humans needs to be further investigated. CD105 CAR T cells might prove an important therapeutic option for patients with AML.
“Millennials as working class”: El Rey Network and the politics of race, class, and gender

This article examines how the El Rey Network departs distinctively from other competing Latinx television channels catered to the young bicultural and bilingual millennials. The cable network’s emp...