cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speech-act theory and biblical interpretation

This essay seeks to explore speech-act theory in its relation to biblical interpretation. Its initial focus falls on the application of N. Wolterstorff whose book Divine Discourse provided the decisive catalyst for the recent debates. Building on the different kinds of action involved when speaking (locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary) Wolterstorff draws two important hermeneutical implications. First, the theory affords a way of understanding the unity of scripture in its entirety as God's book; second, it enables the reader to acknowledge the infallibility of God's Word as divine discourse without ascribing infallibility to the human words of scripture.The second part attempts to offer a critical assessment of Wolterstorff's application of his theory, especially in its failure to deal adequately with the function of the Christian canon which shaped the church's traditions in such a way as to provide a rule-of-faith for the theological guidance of subsequent generations of readers. By abandoning the hermeneutical understanding of scripture developed by Irenaeus and Calvin, Wolterstorff flounders in his inability to overcome the threat of scripture's becoming a ‘wax nose’ in which the noematic content of what God now says in divine discourse is not identical with the meaning of the biblical sentence itself.The final section examines the exegesis of the well-known scholar A. Thiselton, whose work has done much in developing a speech-act theory. The conclusion reached is that Thiselton's application of the theory is far different from that of Wolterstorff's and avoids many of the problems which plague Wolterstorff's exegesis. The implication of this analysis is to argue that speech-act theory cannot be indiscriminately lumped together, because various forms of the theory often reflect different hermeneutical theories of biblical interpretation.
Stock Wars: Inventory Competition in a Two-Echelon Supply Chain with Multiple Retailers

This paper studies the competitive and cooperative selection of inventory policies in a two-echelon supply chain with one supplier andN retailers. Stochastic demand is monitored continuously. Retailers incur inventory holding and backorder penalty costs. The supplier incurs holding costs for its inventory and backorder penalty costs for backorders at the retailers. The latter cost reflects the supplier's desire to maintain adequate availability of its product to consumers. Previous research finds the supply chain cost minimizing reorder point policies, the cooperative solution. The competitive solution is a Nash equilibrium, a set of reorder points such that no firm can deviate from the equilibrium and lower its cost. It is shown that Nash equilibria exist and a method is presented to find all of them. In some settings the cooperative solution is a Nash equilibrium; competition does not necessarily lead to supply chain inefficiency. In other settings, competition leads to costs that are substantially higher than optimal. Usually (but not always), the competitive supply chain carries too little inventory. Three cooperation strategies are discussed: change incentives, change equilibrium, and change control. A set of contracts is provided that changes the firms' incentives so that the optimal policy is a Nash equilibrium. An equilibrium change can improve performance but does not guarantee optimal performance. To change control, the firms let the supplier choose all reorder points, a key component in vendor managed inventory. That change leads to optimal supply chain performance.
Der Flash-Mode im wahren Menschen

Wahre Menschen, die intuitiven also, sehen immer das jeweilige Ganze mit dem neuronalen Netz der rechten Gehirnhalfte. Diese Black Box gibt Resultate des Denkens heraus, auf die der Intuitive vertrauen muss. Das Ganze seines Denkens ist im Netz reprasentiert.
SmartContacts: a large scale social context service discovery system

The proliferation of cell phones has led to an ever increasing number of inappropriate interruptions. SmartContacts provides a solution to this problem by empowering the caller to make better, more informed decisions about the appropriateness of making a call by providing him/her information about the receiver's context. SmartContacts also demonstrates the usefulness and feasibility of a large scale service discovery mechanism for a ubiquitous computing environment. It supports automatic service discovery over the Internet in real time and on demand. It adopts a purely decentralized service organization structure, which provides better scalability and fault tolerance than most of the existing service discovery systems.
Comparative long-term effects of interferon α and hydroxyurea on human hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Interferon α (IFNα) is used clinically to restore polyclonal hematopoiesis in patients with the myeloproliferative neoplasms polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia and to improve chemosensitivity in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. However, the mechanisms by which IFNα affects disease-initiating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) remain poorly understood. Although IFNα has been found to transiently impair quiescence of murine hematopoietic stem cells, its effects on human HSPCs have not been studied in vivo. Here, we compared bone marrow serially obtained from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms before and during pegylated IFNα treatment against marrow serially obtained from patients on hydroxyurea. The percentage of HSPCs actively undergoing cell cycle was increased after pegylated IFNα treatment in a majority of patients compared with hydroxyurea-treated controls, suggesting that IFNα promotes cell division. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling revealed that cell cycle-associated genes were induced, whereas genes involved in HSPC quiescence were repressed during IFNα treatment. Compared with hydroxyurea-treated controls, pegylated IFNα-treated patients had similar numbers of HSPCs, but increased numbers of hematopoietic progenitors as determined by colony formation assay, indicating an increase in myeloid proliferation/differentiation. These effects occurred regardless of JAK2 mutational status. Together, these data provide the first in vivo evidence that pegylated IFNα promotes cell division and differentiation of human HSPCs.
Torsion of fallopian tube remnant associated with noncommunicating rudimentary horn in adolescent girl with unicornuate uterus.

Abstract Background The prevalence of mullerian anomalies may be as high as 7% in the general population, yet there is scant published literature on adnexal torsion occurring in these patients. Case A 14-year-old female presented with right lower quadrant pain. Pelvic ultrasonography demonstrated a 2-cm simple right adnexal cyst. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a unicornuate uterus with a normal left uterine horn and fallopian tube but atretic and cordlike mullerian structures on the right side. Torsion of the right tubal remnant and two paratubal cysts were noted and the structures were then excised. Summary and Conclusion Agenesis, hypoplasia, or maldevelopment of mullerian structures may predispose patients to an increased risk of adnexal torsion secondary to looser ligamentous attachments and consequent lack of fixation to the pelvic sidewall.
Comparison of the Complete Fourier Direct MRI with existing diffusion weighted MRI methods

The Complete Fourier Direct (CFD) MRI method introduced in earlier work for modeling the diffusion weighted MRI signal is compared with the existing methods. The preservation of Hermitian symmetry in the diffusion weighted MRI signal without affecting its energy is the key point that differentiates CFD-MRI from the existing methods. By keeping the correct Fourier relationship intact, the joint distribution function is represented ‘as it is’, without any constraints, e.g. being symmetric. The necessity to model or assume models for spin motion and try to fit the model to the samples of the Fourier transform as in case of model matching methods is not required because the Discrete Fourier Transform applied to correctly processed signal in CFD-MRI gives more accurate results.
Study of a novel planar transmission line

A new type of monolithic planar transmission line, the microshield line, is proposed. This line can operate without the need for via-holes or the use of air-bridges for ground equalization. Furthermore, it has shown the tendency to radiate less than the conventional microstrip or coplanar waveguide (CPW) and can provide a wide range of impedances due to the many available parameters for design. The space domain integral equation method is used to analyze four different discontinuities of the proposed type. A comparison to conventional CPW with respect to radiation shows very good performance. >
Progress and New Directions in Calorimetry: A 2014 Perspective

To assess progress in high-temperature calorimetry over the past eighteen years, this feature article discusses both technical developments and new areas of application, with primary emphasis on high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. The Calvet calorimeter for such measurements is now commercially available, and an extensive table of enthalpies of drop solution (sample at room temperature dropped into molten oxide solvent in calorimeter and dissolved) is provided for the user community. New developments in methodology are described and applications to nanomaterials, to nitrides and other monoxide materials, and to lanthanides and actinides are given.
Taking the Past Along: Reflecting on Our Identity as a Discipline

This article traces a personal and professional journal that paralleled the growth and direction of personnel preparation in Early Childhood Special Education. Each decade since 1975 has been characterized by a particular theme, highlighted in legislation and policy. These themes are a way of understanding the activities that have been undertaken in the area of ECSE personnel preparation and as a way of setting directions for the future.
Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept): an alternative therapy for autoimmune inflammatory myopathy

Objectives. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a new immunosuppressive agent currently being used for the prevention of renal allograft rejection. MMF is a specific inhibitor of lymphocytes and is well tolerated leading to its use in other autoimmune diseases. We have used MMF for the treatment of seven patients with inflammatory myopathy and are hereby reporting our results. Case series. All of our patients were females (age 17–65 yr). They were symptomatic upon presentation and met classification criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein as well as creatine kinase were significantly elevated in all the patients, indicating active disease. Corticosteroids were concomitantly being administered (20–60 mg/day of prednisone). Initial therapy with conventional immunosuppressives was either ineffective or had significant adverse effects leading to their discontinuation. MMF was started in doses of 500 mg twice a day and titrated up to 1 g twice a day. Results. Our patients have exhibited an impressive serological response to therapy with MMF and six patients had a marked improvement in their weakness. One patient had incomplete improvement in her weakness and has required additional therapies. MMF has been well tolerated during the treatment period (12–36 months). Conclusion. A striking clinical and laboratory response of active myositis in six out of seven patients in this series illustrates that MMF can be effectively used in management of autoimmune inflammatory myopathy and may be a suitable alternative to the conventional immunosuppressive agents.
Auxiliary personnel—pillars of practice procedure

Abstract Not only is the orthodontist freed of the pressure-packed, time-consuming jobs that others can do equally well, but the patient is better served by the team approach. The penalties of tension, pressure, possible future cardiac problems, varicosities, ulcers, and reduced longevity are constantly with us and can be reduced only through intelligent use of auxiliary personnel in a suitable office environment.
Cerebellar Venous Angioma Confused with Peripheral Vestibulopathy

Venous angioma is a congenital disease of vascular malformation, which is a mass like lesion consisted of dilated medullary veins. It is generally a silent lesion since it is found in normal brain tissues and tends to have low blood flow and pressure. The venous angioma could be diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, but most of them are incidentally diagnosed, because it is usually asymptomatic. The patients with venous angioma have nonspecific symptoms, such as headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures, progressive neurological deficit and hemorrhage. In particular, the venous angioma in cerebellum could cause hearing disturbance, tinnitus and dizziness. We report a case of venous angioma in cerebellum that had been mistaken for peripheral vestibulopathy in a patient complaining of dizziness. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2009;52:704-8 Key WordsZZCentral nervous system venous angioma·Cerebellum·Dizziness.
Jak silna jest polska piłka nożna? Paradoks „gospodarza turnieju” w rankingu FIFA

The paper analyzes unintiutive properties (paradoxes) of the FIFA's ranking of national football teams. The most surprising phenomenon is underrating the teams of the main championship tournament hosts. This "host effect" follows the absence of hosts in preliminaries and the resulting restriction of hosts' pre-tournament matches to friendlies that enter the FIFA system with low weights. Various models built with the FIFA data allow to estimate that the place of the Polish team as a host of Euro 2012 was lowered from 16 to 35 positions.
A handheld virtual mirror

This sketch presents the design and construction of a handheld virtual mirror device. The perception of the world reflected through a mirror depends on the viewer's position with respect to the mirror and the 3-D geometry of the world. In order to simulate a real mirror on a computer screen, images of the observed world, consistent with the viewer's position, must be synthesized and displayed in real-time. Our system is build around a flat LCD screen manipulated by the user, a single camera fixed on the screen, and a tracking device. The continuous input video stream and tracker data is used to synthesize, in real-time, a continuous video stream displayed on the LCD screen. The synthesized video stream is a close approximation of what the user would see on the screen surface if it were a real mirror.
Driving Consumers to Become Fans of Brand Pages: A Theoretical Framework

The purpose of this study is to examine factors that affect consumers’ intentions to join brand pages. The findings suggest that utilitarian and hedonic values of advertising on social networks enhance users’ positive attitudes toward brand pages. Belongingness has a positive effect on subjective norm. Both the attitudes toward brand pages and subjective norm variables are significant predictors of consumers’ intentions to join brand pages. However, subjective norm affects intentions to join brand pages more than attitudes toward brand pages do. The conceptual framework underlying the theoretical model provides a useful basis for explaining consumers’ intentions to become fans of brand pages.
Insect conservation and pest management

The issue of insect conservation in pest management has many conflicting aspects. For instance, it is desirable to conserve a pest residue in order to maintain natural enemy population and it is imperative to conserve natural enemies. However, conservation of pest species is not relevant if the pest species is an exotic invader and a candidate for eradication, mainly because eradication, if successful, achieves only regional extinction. Conservation of native pests depends, to a large extent, on whether the species is a direct pest of a high value crop or an indirect pest with an acceptable economic injury level. In this paper, integrated pest management is defined in terms of sustainable agriculture and the conservation of biodiversity, and give five premises that stress the level of disturbance of agricultural communities and the dynamics of pest status for arthropod species in the community. The possible impacts of the main integrated pest management tactics on arthropod conservation are tabulated and the results reached stress that diversification of agricultural systems through maximum use of native plants should benefit both integrated pest management and regional arthropod conservation.
Regulatory defects in Cbl and mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-related kinase) pathways cause persistent hyperexpression of CD40 ligand in human lupus T cells

To identify intrinsic defects in lupus, we studied short-term, CD4(+) T cell lines that were established from 16 lupus patients (active or inactive) and 15 normal subjects by stimulating once with anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and IL-2. After resting, the pure CD4(+) T cells were exposed to anergy-inducing stimulation with plate-bound anti-CD3 mAb in the absence of APC. Lupus T cells showed prolonged high level expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) even in the face of anergy protocol, which shut down CD40L expression in normal T cells. The sustained CD40L expression in lupus T cells did not correlate with memory status or Th deviation, and was relatively independent of IL-2 or other autocrine or paracrine signals via CD28 or CTLA-4. Cyclosporin A could block CD40L expression by lupus T cells when added early during the anti-CD3 stimulation period, but only partially when added later, indicating that another mechanism regulates the prolonged hyperexpression of CD40L besides the Ca(2+) --> calcineurin-dependent NF-AT pathway. When exposed to the anergy protocol, lupus T cells, in marked contrast to normal T cells, did not phosphorylate Cbl/Cbl-b but continued to express strongly phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK); U0126, a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase --> ERK, could block both the early and the prolonged hyperexpression of CD40L. Thus, pathways regulating the activities of Cbl and one particular mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK, are involved in the prolonged hyperexpression of CD40L in lupus T cells.
The background of ecology: Antecedents of ecology

Ecology in its early years was sometimes decried as not a science at all but merely a point of view. After nearly a century of trying to erect a conceptual, methodological, and theoretical framework for the most complex phenomena encountered in nature, ecology was familiar only to a relatively small number of academic biologists and applied biologists, range managers, foresters, and fishery and game managers. These shared an overlapping, but not coincident, network of concepts, methodologies, professional associations, publications, funding sources, and concerns about the relations of organisms as populations and communities to their environment. In the wake of widespread recognition, in the 1960s, of the “environmental crisis,” ecology was abruptly thrust into the public arena and widely hailed as an appropriate guide to the relation of humans, as well as other forms of life, to their environment. Strikingly, ecology became a watchword, even in high political circles, just when Paul B. Sears, one of its most articulate practitioners and expositors, described ecology as “a subversive subject” (Sears 1964). Sears's point was that the view of nature derived from ecological studies called into question some of the cultural and economic premises widely accepted by Western societies. Chief among these premises was that human civilizations, particularly of advanced technological cultures, were above or outside the limitations, or “laws,” of nature (Dunlap 1980b).
The Ambient Temperature Effect on Current-Voltage Characteristics of Surface-Passivated GaN-Based Field-Effect Transistors

We have studied experimentally the effect of ambient temperature on performance of the surface-passivated Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 N/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors in the temperature range from 25°C to 250°C. The measured data have been compared with physics-based modeling of the GaN transistor characteristics under different ambient temperatures. The experimental data, showing about 33% degradation in the saturation current with a temperature increase from 25°C to 250°C, agrees well with the results of simulations performed using ISE DESSIS software. Obtained results and analytical extrapolations can be used for predicting device performance in changing environments, as well as for optimization of the device structure.
Opioid and cholecystokinin antagonists alleviate gastric inhibition of food intake by premeal loads of casein in meal-fed rats

This study was undertaken to determine whether casein, compared with its constituent amino acids, given at the onset of a meal, would influence intake due to cholecystokinin (CCK) or opioid activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80; 225 g) were given either premeal loads of casein or its constituent amino acids and treated with opioid or CCK antagonists in a 2 x 4 factorially designed experiment. During a 21-d period, rats were meal-fed by restricting access to food to 5 h/d. The rats were fed the AIN-93 diet with soy isolate substituted for casein as the dietary protein source. On d 7-21, rats were given oral premeal loads of 5 mL of a 50 g/L casein or constituent amino acid solution before meal-feeding. On d 14-21, 20 rats were injected intraperitoneally with one of the following treatments: saline, naltrexone (l mg/kg), naloxone methiodide (5 mg/kg) or lorglumide (1 mg/kg) before the premeal load and feeding. Antagonist treatments increased intake (P < 0.05) by 15.3% compared with saline treatment (7.82 vs. 9.02 g/d) in rats given premeal loads of casein. Intake of rats given premeal loads of amino acids was not influenced by antagonists. At 2 h after feeding on d 21, the rats were killed, bled and eviscerated. Effects of antagonists on stomach and intestinal mass, digesta contents and fecal output were also dependent on the type of premeal load, indicating that gastric retention of digesta due to casein was mediated by CCK and opioids. Body weight accretion, liver, and epididymal fat mass and blood concentrations of specific amino acids changed in the same manner as intake (P < 0.05). Serum insulin was greater (P < 0.05) in casein-treated rats and reduced (P < 0.01) by opioid antagonists. Satiety associated with premeal loads of casein is related to changes in gastrointestinal function of meal-fed animals and involves both opioid and CCK regulation.
Microscopy for the Practicing Physician

Microscopy dates from the seventeenth century when Robert Hooke and Marcello Malpighi used simple lenses in the study of various structural features. Between 1673 and 1716, Leeuwenhoek developed compound lenses and published a series of observations upon protozoa, bacteria, muscle, nerve, and many other structures. By the early nineteenth century, the compound microscope had become highly developed. Robert Brown in 1830 discovered the nucleus; Schleiden in 1838 and Schwann in 1839 enunciated the “cell theory.” In 1841, Henle published the first comprehensive account of human histology. Virchow described the human body as a “cell state” and listed specialized categories of cells in 1863.
Central Nervous System Infection in Neurosurgical Critical Care

Postoperative central nervous system infection is a serious complication with potential disastrous morbidity and mortality, requiring immediate recognition and treatment. Superficial craniotomy wound site infections, while not uncommon, are of significance due to potential contiguous spread to the bone flap or the meninges. Intracranial infection commonly manifests as meningitis, subdural empyema, or brain abscess. In recent large studies the incidence of postneurosurgical infection has been reported from less than 1% to greater than 10% and is dependent on how the data are collected and percentages are calculated.
Knowledge Spillovers and TFP Growth Rates

In this paper I calibrate unobserved labor-generated knowledge spillovers within and between six large macroeconomic sectors covering the U.S. civilian economy from 1948 to 1991. Using quality-adjusted data I show that manufacturing and trade & transportation are the main source of knowledge flows to the overall economy for the entire period. However, the productivity slowdown of the early seventies coincides with trade & transportation taking over manufacturing as the main source and destination of post-73 knowledge flows. Furthermore, I compute the gap between the market and the optimal allocation of labor across sectors, and the wedge between market and optimal wages by sector. I find that, for the whole period, optimal employment in manufacturing and trade & transportation is, respectively, 20% and 27% above market. As a result optimal output in these sectors is 12% and 16% higher than the market’s, and optimal wages in manufacturing are 54% above market wages.
Continuity of care and 30-day readmission for patients evaluated in the emergency room after cerebral aneurysm treatment

Background The association between continuity of care and the rate of 30-day readmissions after surgical procedures continues to be debated. Objective To investigate the association of 30-day readmissions with evaluation in the hospital where the original procedure was performed for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) after cerebral aneurysm treatment. Methods We performed a cohort study of patients with cerebral aneurysms, who were evaluated in the ED within 30 days after discharge following surgical clipping or endovascular coiling between 2009 and 2013, and were registered in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. A propensity score adjusted model was used to control for confounding, whereas mixed effects accounted for clustering at the hospital level. Results Of the 452 patients presenting to the ED, 218 (48.2%) were evaluated in a different hospital from that in which the original procedure was performed (7.7% readmitted), and 234 (51.8%) were evaluated at the original hospital (18.4% readmitted). In a multivariable analysis, we showed that evaluation in the ED of the original hospital was associated with decreased rate of 30-day readmission (OR=0.41; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.78). We found similar associations in a mixed-effects logistic regression model (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.84) and a propensity score adjusted model (OR=0.41; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.77). This corresponds to10 patients needing to be evaluated in the hospital at which the original procedure was performed to prevent one readmission. Conclusions Using a comprehensive all-payer cohort of patients in New York State, who were evaluated in the ED after cerebral aneurysm treatment, we identified an association between assessment in the hospital at which the original procedure was performed and a lower rate of 30-day readmissions. This underlines the potential importance of continuity of care for surgical patients to prevent readmission.
Effect of luminance on perception of gaze direction in Japanese

When the luminance of one side of the sclera is darkened artificially, the perceived direction of gaze biases toward the darker side of the sclera. This gaze effect was measured in photographic and schematic images of eyes using Japanese subjects. The effect was larger than previous results: the gaze shift induced by luminance reached 40 deg of gaze or more. The luminance of the iris also affected the results. The effect of scleral darkening was compared to the gaze shift induced by an actual shift of the iris. The results suggest that one mechanism for gaze judgment is based on low-level analysis of the luminance configuration within the eye. This effect might appear to be large in Japanese subject because of their equally dark iris.
Exploring Translation Problems in a Japanese Comic Book

Cet article explore l'importance des aspects culturels dans le processus traductif. Il se base sur les quatres problemes traductionnels proposes par Christine Nord, et met en lumieregrâce a l'examen d'une bande dessinee japonaise bien connue- le lien entre le probleme traductionnel et la signification culturel. Ce demarche finit par demontrer les avantages du modele Nordien et revele que tous les quatres problemes traductionnels de Nord sont lies aux aspects culturels.
Studies in glutathione

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that glutathione may be intimately concerned in intracellular oxidation because of its facility for taking up and liberating hydrogen. This substance is present in both the reduced and oxidized forms in various tissues and in red blood cells, but not in the plasma. In view of Rodenacker's 1 findings that the oxidizing power of blood and presumably of the tissues decreases slightly toward the end of normal pregnancy, and in eclampsia falls far below the normal level, it seemed that blood glutathione studies combined with oxygen content and capacity determinations in such individuals might give valuable information. Deficient oxidation has been cited by Hochenbechler 2 as the cause of the lowered bicarbonate reserve of the blood in eclampsia, and Stander, 3 in discussing the significance of increased lactic acid of the blood in eclamptic women, argued that whatever theory ultimately explains the etiology of this disease, decreased or deficient oxidation must be taken into account, since he considers this phenomenon the most fundamental yet discovered. The purpose of the present study was to determine the concentrations of reduced and total glutathione, the oxygen content and capacity, and the cell volume in the blood of nonpregnant women, in normal women during pregnancy, labor and the puerperium, and in individuals suffering from the toxemia of late pregnancy.
Basic Aspects of Electrode Potential Change in Submerged Fermentation

The platinum electrode potentials relative to the standard half cell depended on a pH value, dissolved oxygen concentration, equilibrium constant and oxidation reduction potentials of the liquid The overall potential change in submerged fermentation gave no independent information on these individual factors A thermostatic and pH-static apparatus excluded influences of temperatures and pH values on the electrode pontentials If the determination was completed for short time duration, potentials were governed by the dissolved oxygen tension. While the oxygen concentration was maintained at a same level, redox potential changes became a dominant. This measurement of redox potential, which gave the concentration of extremely low dissolved oxygen that could not be detected by the membrane-coated oxygen electrode, was practically useful for the control of aerobic fermentation
Effectiveness of High Reflective Roofs in Minimizing Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings in Iraq

Abstract Residential buildings in Iraq consume 48% of the country's total electricity production. As residential air-conditioning usage increases, so does the demand on the country's electrical power infrastructure resulting in more frequent power cuts and rolling blackouts. This paper investigates the effectiveness of applying high reflective roofs to reduce the cooling loads of Iraqi houses and in turn electricity demand. Previous studies have shown high reflective roofs are capable of reducing cooling loads by about 45% compared to typical roof finishes for various climates. However, there are insufficient data for very hot and dry climates like that of Iraq. Findings from this study's preliminary energy simulations indicate that high reflective roofs can provide a significant reduction in cooling loads compared to the typical roof finishes of Iraqi houses therefore potentially reducing the energy demand on the country's energy infrastructure.
The Geographic Distribution of Multiple Sclerosis: New Concepts

Investigations over more than four decades have established that multiple sclerosis (MS) has an unequal geographic distribution [36]. Such studies, while of some intrinsic interest, are valuable chiefly because of the light they may shed upon possible etiologies, risk factors, and the pathogenesis of the disease. Before examining the fruit of almost a half century of effort in this field, it is necessary to remind ourselves of the technical problems which had to be overcome in order that data on MS distribution would be meaningful. One such problem is diagnosis. As in any scientific study, we must be sure that the entity we are looking at is relatively “pure”. For MS, the difficulties in designating the affected have been (and continue to be) the lack of an objective, pathognomonic test to support the clinical impression. The problem has been resolved (though certainly not solved) by using clinical criteria to define the individual case. These criteria include occurrence of remissions and exacerbations (time scattering) as well as evidence on examination or documented evidence of multiple lesions of central white matter (place scattering) [41]. Various investigators have modified these criteria somewhat to include an age-at-onset limitation [52], and a few recommend including elevation of gamma globulin [56] in the cerebrospinal fluid or oligoclonal banding [58]. However, it is reassuring, at least for the present, that experienced neurologists have a very high rate of agreement as to the “purity” of the entity for patients who fulfill the most stringent of these clinical diagnostic criteria.
Low scale inflation at high energy colliders and meson factories

Inflation occurring at energy densities less than $({10}^{14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}{)}^{4}$ produces tensor perturbations too small to be measured by cosmological surveys. However, we show that it is possible to probe low scale inflation by measuring the mass of the inflaton in low energy experiments. Detection prospects and cosmological constraints are determined for low scale quartic hilltop models of inflation paired with a curvaton field, which imprints the spectrum of scalar perturbations observed in large scale structure and on the cosmic microwave background. With cosmological constraints applied, low scale quartic inflation at energies GeV--PeV can be mapped to a MeV--TeV mass inflaton resonance, discoverable through a Higgs portal coupling at upcoming collider and meson decay experiments. It is demonstrated that low scale inflatons can have detectably large couplings to Standard Model particles through a Higgs portal, permitting prompt reheating after inflation, without spoiling, through radiative corrections to the inflaton's self-coupling, the necessary flatness of a low scale inflationary potential. A characteristic particle spectrum for a quartic inflaton-curvaton pair is identified: to within an order of magnitude, the mass of the curvaton can be predicted from the mass of the inflaton, and vice versa. Low scale inflation Higgs portal sensitivity targets are found for experiments like the LHC, SHiP, BEPC, and KEKB.
Integrative Transcriptome Analyses of Metabolic Responses in Mice Define Pivotal LncRNA Metabolic Regulators.

To systemically identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulating energy metabolism, we performed transcriptome analyses to simultaneously profile mRNAs and lncRNAs in key metabolic organs in mice under pathophysiologically representative metabolic conditions. Of 4,759 regulated lncRNAs, function-oriented filters yield 359 tissue-specifically regulated and metabolically sensitive lncRNAs that are predicted by lncRNA-mRNA correlation analyses to function in diverse aspects of energy metabolism. Specific regulations of liver metabolically sensitive lncRNAs (lncLMS) by nutrients, metabolic hormones, and key transcription factors were further defined in primary hepatocytes. Combining genome-wide screens, bioinformatics function predictions, and cell-based analyses, we developed an integrative roadmap to identify lncRNA metabolic regulators. An lncLMS was experimentally confirmed in mice to suppress lipogenesis by forming a negative feedback loop in the SREBP1c pathway. Taken together, this study supports that a class of lncRNAs function as important metabolic regulators and establishes a framework for systemically investigating the role of lncRNAs in physiological homeostasis.
How a Shattered Civil Religion is Rebuilt Through Contestation: Uruguay and the Legacy of Authoritarianism

This articles analyzes how Uruguay, a country that historically grounded its collective identity on civil premises, attempted to reconstruct it after that vision was shattered by the mounting political violence of the 1960s-70s and the civilian-military dictatorship that ruled the country from 1973 to 1985. At the basis of this process, the article identifies the ongoing debates and demands by sectors of society to come to grips with the legacy of authoritarianism in a way that restored legal accountability, truth and justice as basic to core national principles. It claims that this process prompted a critical vision of earlier understandings, which has enabled the coexistence of opposing worldviews without eroding democracy, unlike in the past. The Uruguayan case is of particular comparative relevance for societies where contestation often spills over into political polarization, civil wars and human rights violations.
Moral Distress: Professional Integrity as the Basis for Taxonomies.

There has been an ongoing appeal in the bioethics literature for a broader understanding and conceptual clarity of the phenomenon of moral distress. Several authors argue that greater conceptual cl...
Accelerated Stress Corrosion Crack Initiation of Alloys 600 and 690 in Hydrogenated Supercritical Water

The objective of this study is to determine whether stress corrosion crack initiation of Alloys 600 and 690 occurs by the same mechanism in subcritical and supercritical water. Tensile bars of Alloys 690 and 600 were strained in constant extension rate tensile experiments in hydrogenated subcritical and supercritical water from 593 K to 723 K (320 °C to 450 °C), and the crack initiation behavior was characterized by high-resolution electron microscopy. Intergranular cracking was observed across the entire temperature range, and the morphology, structure, composition, and temperature dependence of initiated cracks in Alloy 690 were consistent between hydrogenated subcritical and supercritical water. Crack initiation of Alloy 600 followed an Arrhenius relationship and did not exhibit a discontinuity or change in slope after crossing the critical temperature. The measured activation energy was 121 ± 13 kJ/mol. Stress corrosion crack initiation in Alloy 690 was fit with a single activation energy of 92 ± 12 kJ/mol across the entire temperature range. Cracks were observed to propagate along grain boundaries adjacent to chromium-depleted metal, with Cr2O3 observed ahead of crack tips. All measures of the SCC behavior indicate that the mechanism for stress corrosion crack initiation of Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 is consistent between hydrogenated subcritical and supercritical water.
Is employer coverage of elective egg freezing coercive?: a survey of medical students’ knowledge, intentions, and attitudes towards elective egg freezing and employer coverage

The purpose of this study was to understand medical students’ knowledge, intentions, and attitudes towards oocyte cryopreservation and employer coverage of such treatment. This cross-sectional study was performed via an online cross-sectional survey distributed to 280 female medical students from March through August 2016. Demographics, attitudes towards employer coverage, and factors influencing decision-making were assessed via a self-reported multiple-choice questionnaire. The relationship between respondents’ attitudes towards employer coverage and other parameters was analyzed. A total of 99 responses were obtained out of 280 female medical students. Most respondents (71%) would consider oocyte cryopreservation (potential freezers), although 8% would not consider the procedure and 21% were unsure. Seventy-six percent of respondents felt pressure to delay childbearing. Potential freezers were more likely to be single (p = 0.001), to report feeling pressure to delay childbearing (p = 0.016), and to consider egg freezing if offered by an employer (p < 0.001). Importantly, 71% percent did not view employer coverage as coercive and 77% of respondents would not delay childbearing due to employer coverage. Factors influencing decision-making in potential freezers were absence of a suitable partner (83%), likelihood of success (95%), and health of offspring (94%), among others. Knowledge about the low chance of pregnancy per oocyte (6–10%) would influence decision-making in 42% of potential freezers. Oocyte freezing is an acceptable strategy for the majority of young women surveyed. Pressure to delay childbearing was related to openness to freeze eggs. The majority of respondents did not find employer coverage for egg freezing coercive although further research is needed with larger, representative samples to ascertain the relationship between pressure to delay childbearing due to work demands and employer coverage for egg freezing.
How to Run Meetings

Start on time, know the agenda well, keep it moving, be modest but efficient, and end promptly after allowing time for discussion.
Abstract 1081: APC regulation of breast cancer therapeutic resistance

Resistance to chemotherapy is one of the leading causes of death from breast cancer. Our lab discovered that Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) loss in breast cancer cells results in an elevation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Given that TICs are often most resistant to standard chemotherapeutic compounds, we sought to understand the mechanism responsible for APC-mediated TIC enhancement. Our hypothesis is that the molecular mechanism involved in chemotherapeutic resistance parallels that promoting the TICs. APC-mutant cells have amplified activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Interestingly, inhibition of STAT3 with a small molecule inhibitor A69 decreases the TIC population and restores drug sensitivity. Studies are ongoing in the laboratory to investigate other molecular signaling pathways involved in APC-mediated enhanced TIC population and therapy resistance. These data have begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms of APC loss in breast cancer that can guide future treatment plans to counteract chemotherapeutic resistance. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Anne Arnason, Monica VanKlompenberg, Jenifer R. Prosperi. APC regulation of breast cancer therapeutic resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1081. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1081
Neurologic Complications of Genitourinary Cancer

Tumors of the genitourinary system are a heterogeneous group of malignancies affecting people of all ages. The most common malignancies of the genitourinary system include prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and testicular cancer. Neurologic complications are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. With the advent of more effective treatments, these patients are living longer with increased incidence of CNS relapse and treatment-related neurologic sequelae. This chapter will review epidural spinal cord compression, brain metastases, and paraneoplastic disorders as they pertain to genitourinary cancers, as well as neurologic toxicity from commonly used treatments.
Scattering of waves by a half-space of periodic scatterers using broadband Green’s function

An efficient scatterer-free full-wave solution for plane wave scattering from a half-space of two-dimensional (2D) periodic scatterers is derived using broadband Green’s function. The Green’s function is constructed using band solutions of the infinite periodic structure, and it satisfies boundary conditions on all the scatterers. A low wavenumber extraction technique is applied to the Green’s function to accelerate the convergence of the modal expansion. This facilitates the Green’s function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) to be evaluated over a broadband as the modal solutions are independent of wavenumber. Coupled surface integral equations (SIE) are constructed using the BBGFL and the free-space Green’s function respectively for the two half-spaces with unknowns only on the interface. The method is distinct from the effective medium approach which represents the periodic scatters with an effective medium. This new approach provides accurate near-field solutions around the interface with localized field patterns useful for surface plasmon polaritons and topological edge states examinations.
Boundaries in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and environmental variables at the edges of forest patches with residential developments

Background Few studies of edge effects on wildlife objectively identify habitat edges or explore non-linear responses. In this paper, we build on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) research that has begun to address these domains by using triangulation wombling to identify boundaries in beetle community structure and composition at the edges of forest patches with residential developments. We hypothesized that edges are characterized by boundaries in environmental variables that correspond to marked discontinuities in vegetation structure between maintained yards and forest. We expected environmental boundaries to be associated with beetle boundaries. Methods We collected beetles and measured environmental variables in 200 m by 200 m sampling grids centered at the edges of three forest patches, each with a rural, suburban, or urban context, in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. We identified boundaries within each grid at two spatial scales and tested their significance and overlap using boundary statistics and overlap statistics, respectively. We complemented boundary delineation with k-means clustering. Results Boundaries in environmental variables, such as temperature, grass cover, and leaf litter depth, occurred at or near the edges of all three sites, in many cases at both scales. The beetle variables that exhibited the most pronounced boundary structure in relation to edges were total species evenness, generalist abundance, generalist richness, generalist evenness, and Agonum punctiforme abundance. Environmental and beetle boundaries also occurred within forest patches and residential developments, indicating substantial localized spatial variation on either side of edges. Boundaries in beetle and environmental variables that displayed boundary structure at edges significantly overlapped, as did boundaries on either side of edges. The comparison of boundaries and clusters revealed that boundaries formed parts of the borders of patches of similar beetle or environmental condition. Discussion We show that edge effects on ground beetle community structure and composition and environmental variation at the intersection of forest patches and residential developments can be described by boundaries and that these boundaries overlap in space. However, our results also highlight the complexity of edge effects in our system: environmental boundaries were located at or near edges whereas beetle boundaries related to edges could be spatially disjunct from them; boundaries incompletely delineated edges such that only parts of edges were well-described by sharp transitions in beetle and/or environmental variables; and the occurrence of boundaries related to edges was apparently influenced by individual property management practices, site-specific characteristics such as development geometry, and spatial scale.