cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Water quality assessment with agro-environmental indexing of non-point sources, Trinity River Basin

A comprehensive water quality assessment was conducted to determine the potential impacts of agriculture on surface and groundwater quality. The EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) model was used to simulate cropping systems in the Trinity River Basin in Texas for 12 eight-digit hydrologic unit areas (HUA) using combinations of 29 soil series, 9 crops, and 3 tillage technologies. The study utilizes an indexing method to facilitate communicating the relative impacts of soils, crops, tillage, and management practices on the following agro-environmental indicators of water quality: (1) surface water runoff, (2) soil erosion, (3) nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) loss in runoff, (4) phosphorus (P) loss in runoff, (5) NO 3 -N loss in sediment, (6) P loss in sediment, and (7) NO 3 -N leaching loss. A frequency analysis was also conducted to provide an overview of the impacts; indicated by averaging broad groupings of precipitation, soil types by percent clay, percent slope, tillage practices, and crop rotations produced. When grouped by soil type, high clay content soils on average minimized NO 3 -N leaching of all soil types. In contrast, clay and loam soils increased runoff over sandy soils. Additionally, clay and loam soils lost more NO 3 -N and P in runoff as well as in sediment than sandy soils. With respect to tillage practice, no-till and reduced tillage generally reduced erosion compared with conventional tillage practices. NO 3 -N and P losses in sediment were reduced using no-till and reduced tillage, but the NO 3 -N and P losses in runoff were not particularly affected, on average, by tillage practice. With regard to crop selection and rotation, the degree of agro-environmental impact from nutrient losses was largely correlated with the applications of N and P. Though the simulation results largely agreed with previous experiences of agricultural researchers, the ultimate implication of this study is that creating indices for a multitude of comparisons of simulated water quality or other environmental impacts in complex agricultural systems can be communicated and summarized with a high degree of specificity. However, indexing simulation results for comparative analyses was less than satisfactory, on occasion, when an index value was very large usually caused by a small value for the baseline crop. In many cases, the impact of the alternative would not be considered as extreme, though the large index value might imply the agro-environmental impact to be severe. The major advantage of indexing is the ease of communicating diverse results in an uncomplicated manner. Thus, indexing provides a means of communicating water quality impacts of complex production elements in agriculture to citizens, policy makers, and other decision-makers not familiar with them.
Role of the Sp family of transcription factors in the ontogeny of growth hormone receptor gene expression.

The growth hormone (GH) receptor is essential for the actions of growth hormone on postnatal growth and metabolism. GH receptor transcripts are characterized by the presence of disparate 5′-untranslated exons. Factors regulating the expression of the GC rich L2 transcript of the murine GH receptor gene have hitherto remained unidentified. To characterize the mechanisms regulating expression of the L2 transcript, primer extension and ribonuclease protection assays were used to identify transcription start sites in RNA from liver of adult mice. Transient transfection experiments revealed that 2.0 kilobase pairs of the L2 5′-flanking sequence exhibited promoter activity in BNL CL.2 (mouse liver) cells, CV-1 (monkey kidney) cells, and HRP.1 trophoblasts. Deletional analysis localized a major regulatory region to within 75 base pairs of the 5′ transcription start site. Sequence analysis revealed that the region contained consensus binding sites for the Sp family of transcription factors. Standard gel shift and supershift analysis using liver nuclear extracts established that Sp1 and Sp3 bound this regulatory element. Transfection of wild type but not mutant decoy oligonucleotides into BNL CL.2 cells decreased the activity of the L2 promoter. Overexpression of Sp1 and Sp3 protein in Drosophila Schneider cells established that Sp3 is more potent than Sp1 in transactivating the L2 promoter. Co-transfection experiments further established that Sp1 antagonizes the activity of Sp3 to transactivate the L2 promoter. Western blot analysis of liver nuclear extracts revealed that the levels of Sp3 increase significantly after birth, suggesting a role for the Sp family of transcription factors in controlling the fetal to postnatal increase in GH receptor gene expression.
Antidiuretic and pressor activities of vasopressin analogs with L-alaninamide and D-alaninamide substitutions at position 9.

Analogs of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and lysine vasopressin (LVP) — with an L-alaninamide residue or a D-alaninamide residue replacing the naturally occurring glycinamide in position 9 — lose virtually all pressor activity but retain from 10 to 70% of the antidiuretic activity of their parent hormones. These findings, in conjunction with the data of others on the biological consequences of alterations in positions 7 and 8, show that the antidiuretic receptor will tolerate considerably more structural alteration in the C-terminal tripeptide “tail” of the vasopressins than will the pressor receptor.
TU‐D‐AUD‐03: Comparison Between the Lateral Penumbra of a Double Scattering Proton Beam and the Lateral Penumbra of a Scanning Beam

Purpose: Intensity modulated protonradiotherapy can reduce the dose to the critical structures by optimizing the distribution and intensity of the individual pencil beams. However, the finite size of a pencil beam and the scattering in air degrade the lateral penumbra in the patient, which could be inferior to the penumbra of a collimated scattered beam. In this study we compare the lateral penumbra of a pencil beam to the one of a collimated broad divergent beam, such as the one produced by a double scattering system, for different air gaps, range compensator (RC) thicknesses and pencil beam size (σ0). Method and Materials: The penumbra of the collimated broad divergent proton beam has been modeled using the generalized Fermi‐Eyges theory. The model was validated with measurements of the lateral profile in water. We analyzed 2400 treatment fields to establish typical clinical beam configurations such as air gap, RC‐thickness and collimator‐to‐patient distance (CSD), which we used to predict the penumbra (80% – 20%). Results: The model predicts the penumbra with accuracy of 0.3mm. The penumbra of a pencil beam at shallow depth is in general inferior to the penumbra of a collimated beam but is superior at larger depths. The penumbra equivalent depth (PED) exhibits a small dependence on the proton range, but it is strongly affected by the CSD. For CSD 10cm, RC‐thickness 6cm, and SSD 210cm, PED is 11cm for σ0=5mm. Conclusion: Given the source size and source position the model allows to predict the lateral penumbra of a double scattering system with good accuracy. Typically, for the configuration considered, for proton ranges larger than 11cm the pencil beam penumbra is superior to the collimated one. The inferiority at shallow depth can be compensated with a collimation of the scanning beam.
Degradation of coxsackievirus type A9 by proteolytic enzymes.

The means by which coxsackievirus type A9 (CA9) is inactivated by proteolytic enzymes was investigated. After reaction of 14C-leucine-labeled CA9 with Pronase, free leucine was liberated as measured by radiochromatography. Treatment of 14C-leucine-labeled CA9 with trypsin or proteolytic filtrates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused the release of a variety of labeled substances. The extent of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) release after exposure of CA9 to Pronase was determined by RNA infectivity tests or trichloroacetic acid solubility tests. Infective viral RNA was found not to be consistently released by reaction of CA9 with Pronase, but further treatment with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate at pH 7.0 promoted viral RNA release. Sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment of CA9 that had not been reacted with Pronase did not inactivate virus or cause viral RNA release. Reaction of Pronase with 32P-labeled CA9 resulted in the liberation of virus components soluble in cold trichloroacetic acid, whereas untreated CA9 or CA9 reacted with ribonuclease were precipitated by cold trichloroacetic acid. These results demonstrate that the primary means by which protease-sensitive enteroviruses are inactivated is by degradation of the virus capsid, with subsequent release of viral RNA.
Possible generators of retrotrochanteric gluteal and thigh pain : The gemelli-obturator internus complex

Objective To investigate and correlate the anatomy of the gluteal region with the clinical findings of retrotrochanteric and posterior thigh pain, as seen in clinical chiropractic practice, and describe potential treatment options. Methods A descriptive gross anatomic study is correlated to a case presentation of a patient with deep persistent aching pain in the retrotrochanteric region of the left hip and upper posterolateral thigh. Results The structures that are located in the same location as the retrotrochanteric pain described by the patient are the gemelli–obturator internus muscle complex and associated bursae. Conclusions In patients with persistent gluteal and sciatica-like pain, especially when centered in the retrotrochanteric region, the gemelli–obturator internus muscle complex and associated bursae should be considered as a possible source of the pain.
Haptic Texturing based on Real-World Samples

Haptic texturing allows for small scale surface features to be represented in haptic rendering applications. Medical, entertainment, multimedia, and e-commerce applications all stand to benefit from the display of realistic haptic textures. Therefore, acquiring texture from real-world objects is of particular importance for the realistic modeling of objects in virtual environment and other hapto-visual applications. In previous work, we presented a cost-effective system for acquiring haptic surface properties (texture and compliance) using a mobile touch probe and visual tracker. In this paper, we discuss how textures generated by our system may be registered with object geometry and integrated as part of the standard 3D model acquisition pipeline.
Vaporization at the base of bubbles of different shape during nucleate boiling of water

Differently shaped bubbles were observed growing during nucleate boiling of water at atomspheric pressure. The surface temperature beneath the bubbles was measured simultaneously with a fast response surface thermocouple. The evaporation from the base necessary to account for the observed cooling was calculated. A comparison of the ratio of vapor volume formed at the base to the total volume of the bubble shows a dependency on bubble shape. The ratio is smallest for spherical bubbles, largest for hemispherical and intermediate for oblate bubbles.
Response prompting for intelligent robot instruction of students with intellectual disabilities

Instruction of students with intellectual disability (ID) presents both unique challenges and a compelling opportunity for socially embedded robots to empower an important group in our population. We propose the creation of an autonomous, intelligent robot instructor (IRI) to teach socially valid life skills to students with ID. We present the construction of a complete IRI system for this purpose. Experimental results show the IRI is capable of teaching a non-trivial life skill to students with ID, and participants feel interaction with the IRI is beneficial.
Linear Time-Invariant Learning Control

Consider again the iterative learning control configuration shown in Figure 3.1. We will now restrict our discussion to the case where the plant is a causal, linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical system S. We suppose S is represented by the operator T s , so that y = T s u. We also restrict the learning controller L to be causal and LTI. Although such a plant may not be encountered in practice, we will consider this class as a starting point to gain insight into the problem. As noted in the previous chapter, other assumptions include: (i) the desired response y d (t) is defined on the interval (t0, t f ), where t f may be infinity; and (ii) the initial conditions are reset at the beginning of each trial (although this fact is never used explicitly in any of our proofs, it is used implicitly because we usually suppose that all the initial conditions are zero). To avoid cluttered notation, the time dependence of the various signals will often be suppressed. Additionally, time may be continuous or discrete in our formulation. A final comment is that we are implicitly assuming that the plant T s is known.
THE FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANCIENT DIET AND THE INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF BONE AS DERIVED FROM FEEDING EXPERIMENTS

The levels of ten elements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, and aluminium) have been measured in the femurs and humeri of laboratory rats grown on test diets as a model for palaeodietary studies of excavated human skeletons. High levels of dietary fibre correlate with lower Ca and higher Sr and Ba in the bone. High values of the dietary Sr/Ca ratio correlate with high Sr levels in the bone. High levels of dietary protein correlate with lower Sr and higher Zn. High values of the ratio Ba/Ca and lower levels of Fe correlate with higher levels of Ba. Because bone levels typically are controlled by several dietary components, variation of the levels of a given element in the diet does not necessarily translate into analogous variations in bone. Only K and Fe in bone correlate highly with their levels in diet. The failure of bone Sr, Ba, and Zn to correlate positively with dietary levels is fully explicable in terms of their interdependence on other dietary components, such as Ca, P, Fe, protein, and fibre.
Analysis of Globin Gene Structure in Patients with β Thalassemia by Restriction Endonuclease Mapping

Twenty-six DNA samples from individuals either heterozygous or homozygous for β thalassemia were analyzed by restriction endonu-clease digestion, agarose gel electrophoresis, and Southern blot analysis to define DNA fragments containing portions or all of the β globin gene. A total of twenty-seven genes affected by a β thal-assemia mutation and twenty-two normal β globin genes were examined in Italian, Greek, or Asian individuals. With all four restriction endonucleases used, the fragments generated from DNA of thalassemic individuals were identical to those found in DNA from normal. Thus, gross rearrangement or deletion within the genomic region containing the β globin gene is not characteristic of mutations which cause β thalassemia. A third patient homozygous for pancellular hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin was shown to have complete deletion of the δ and β globin genes.
Additivity principles in biochemistry.

We cannot yet reliably fold proteins or RNA molecules by computer, predict ligand binding affinities, compute conformational transitions, or use the sequence information in the Human Genome very effectively to understand biomolecular function and disease. Why not? Perhaps some of our models in computational biology are based on flawed assumptions. Thermodynamic additivity principles are the foundations of chemistry, but few additivity principles have yet been found successful in biochemistry.
Effects of personality and semantic content of stimuli on augmenting and reducing in the event-related potential

Two groups of subjects classified as high vs. low in the need for power (n power) were assessed for augmenting versus reducing in the event-related potential (ERP) elicited by neutral and power-related words. Words at four different intensity levels in each of these two classes were randomly presented and ERPs in response to each word class at each of the four intensity levels were computed from EEG recorded at Fz. The results indicated that the two groups responded differentially to the power-related vs. neutral words. High n power subjects showed reduction in response to both power-related and neutral words while low n power subjects showed augmentation in response to the power-related words.
An Analysis of the Journey to Work for Women

The basic argument of this paper is that the journey to work has a different meaning for women than for men. Unlike men, women's Home-role requirements are important predictors of the length of their journey to work. Data from the NLS survey of women aged thirty to forty-four are examined. The main findings are that women with demanding home roles have shorter journeys to work, and that, although black women have longer journeys to work than white women, this is a function of residence and not of differences in the relationship of the home role to the length of journey to work.
Scambio, a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho.

Background Small GTPases of the Rho family are critical regulators of various cellular functions including actin cytoskeleton organization, activation of kinase cascades and mitogenesis. For this reason, a major objective has been to understand the mechanisms of Rho GTPase regulation. Here, we examine the function of a novel protein, Scambio, which shares homology with the DH-PH domains of several known guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho family members.
K-search: Searching for clusters

This paper introduces the K-search algorithm, a method for locating an unknown number of well-separated multidimensional clusters from sampled data in the presence of outliers. K-search finds tightly packed point clouds, a characteristic of Gaussian data close to a mean value, to identify potential Gaussian means. Using this search strategy, the approximate locations of cluster means are found, automatically providing an estimate for the number of clusters, K. In experimental results,K-search can effectively identify the true number of well-separated Gaussian clusters and their locations in the presence of random background clutter (outliers). We use K-search to identify modal driving behaviors in a real vehicle track dataset in the presence of noisy tracks, and we compare results to other model based clustering methods that automatically determine K.
Performance Analysis and Validation of a Paracatadioptric Omnistereo System

In this paper we present a vector-based 3D localization formula for a paracatadioptric omnistereo system. Based on vector representation, the performance of this stereo system is analyzed numerically, including the maximum detectable range and the uncertainty of 3D localization, with respect to the flexible stereo configuration of the system, positions of scene points, as well as errors in correspondence matching and errors in stereo configuration. The results of performance analysis are used to guide the trajectory of an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), which is equipped with a paracatadioptric omnidirectional camera, in a map building application.
Incomplete Recovery of Prescription Opioids in Urine using Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Glucuronide Metabolites

Confirmation of opioids in urine samples of clinical patients requires liberation of opioids from their glucuronide conjugates. Both acid hydrolysis and enzyme hydrolysis using beta-glucuronidase from various sources have been reported, with the latter approach prevailing in most clinical toxicology laboratories. The goal of this study was to compare the efficiency of acid versus different enzyme hydrolysis methods in recovering morphine and common semisynthetic opioids from glucuronide standards and 78 patient urine samples that were screened positive for opioids as a class. Specimens were analyzed with a validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) procedure. With the exception of oxycodone, the results indicated that the majority of opioids tested were extensively glucuronide-conjugated in urine. Significantly, acid hydrolysis liberated > 90% of morphine and hydromorphone from their glucuronide standards but enzyme hydrolysis had lower and variable efficiency, depending on the opiate type and the enzyme source. In patient specimens, much higher concentrations of free codeine, morphine, hydromorphone, and oxymorphone were obtained with acid hydrolysis than with various enzyme methods. Incomplete hydrolysis using beta-glucuronidase could lead to false-negative results for many opioids when urine is tested for drugs of abuse. We conclude that acid hydrolysis is the method of choice for GC-MS confirmation of urine opioids.
The distribution of representation

Recent cognitive science frameworks depicting cognitive processing as "distributed" across persons and environments require new ways of conceptualizing representation. That is, if representation is to be retained as an explanatory concept, accounts must foreground the interactive participation of persons and of different representational formats, rather than cast it as an internal or external phenomenon. This paper is directed towards such an account. It draws upon findings in a wide-scale, multi-year study investigating cognitive practices of research scientists in two university research laboratories. The research is guided by the assumption that cognitive practices generally and science practices specifically comprise a complex system of persons, devices, artifacts, instruments, texts, and traditions. We use an interdisciplinary methodological approach that combines ethnographic observations and analyses with cognitive-historical analysis. Here we present two interrelated interpretive notions emerging from our analysis that have particular relevance to the project of providing an account of representation compatible with the assumption that cognitive processing is distributed.
Preliminary Reliability and Validity of the Grandparent Version of the Grandparent Support Scale for Teenage Mothers (GSSTM-G):

This study demonstrates the preliminary reliability and validity of the grandparent version of the Grandparent Support Scale for Teenage Mothers (GSSTM-G), a measure designed to assess grandparents' perceptions of triadic relationships that support or imperil the teen mother's care of her baby. Grandparents (N = 61) who participated in this study were parents and parent surrogates of teen mothers who completed a teen version of the scale (GSSTM-T). Principal axis factoring with oblique rotation resulted in a reduction of the GSSTM-G scale from 19 to 14 items. A two-factor solution was supported by item factor loadings and conceptual clarity. The GSSTM-G factors revealed two different patterns of family relationships, Responsive Family Relationships (α = .82) and Adversarial Family Relationships (α = .81), that correlated with other measures. Construct validity and internal consistency support further exploration of the GSSTM-G as a measure of family relationships, as related to the care of the infant, fro...
The status of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae) on the Pacific Northwest coast

Three Pacific Northwest taxa, Impatiens aurella, Impatiens ecalcarata, and Impatiens noli-tangere, are considered native plants, based on collecting histories beginning in the 1850s. Impatiens capensis, indigenous to eastern North America, is found in coastal Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, where it was first collected in 1950. Its late arrival suggests Impatiens capensis is a recent introduction and not native, contrary to reports in regional floras. Rapid dispersal and population increases have made it common on many shorelines. Of 39 indigenous Impatiens ecalcarata populations located west of the Cascade Mountains, 34 (87%) were mixed with introduced Impatiens capensis. Spontaneous hybrids flowered simultaneously with both parents. In a mixed population pollinators favored the flowers of Impatiens capensis (77% of 295 visits) over hybrids (18%) and Impatiens ecalcarata (4%). Hybrids were frequent, ranging from 6–69% of the individuals present, and were found in all mixed populations of Impatiens capensis and Impatiens ecalcarata. Impatiens capensis and its hybrids together comprised more than half the individuals present at most sites, suggesting Impatiens capensis is a potential threat to the genetic integrity of native coastal populations of the relatively uncommon Impatiens ecalcarata.
Scaling analog circuits into deep nanoscale CMOS: Obstacles and ways to overcome them

Analog circuits provide the critical interfaces between the digital world inside today's integrated circuits and the physical world. Semiconductor technology scaling driven by ‘Moore's Law’ has resulted in a phenomenal scaling of the performance of digital processors and memory. Continuing design innovations have enabled the scaling of analog interfaces onto scaled CMOS technologies, even though device scaling is a mixed blessing for the analog designer. This paper reviews the scaling challenges for analog circuits ranging from fundamental to practical challenges. Design strategies are outlined that in principle can overcome the challenges and can help guide the search for new circuit paradigms. Several examples of innovative analog design paradigms are reviewed and the opportunities in highly scaled CMOS technologies are outlined.
Problems Relating to the Electronic Structure of Amorphous Semiconductors

This paper deals with several problems related to the theory of amorphous semiconductors, some of which have remained unsolved despite the magnitude of the effort devoted to basic and applied research on these materials. I review recent progress, attempt to identify the essential remaining difficulties, and summarize new results of my own and those of my collaborators, as the case may be. The topics covered are band tails, the Lloyd model, shallow impurity levels, deep levels, excitons, electronic transport, and optical absorption. Several of these problems have been covered in recent publications [1–3], from which most of this work has been extracted.
Asymmetric Volatility in Swiss Franc Cross-Rate Futures

I test for the presence of asymmetric volatility in the Swiss Franc cross-rate futures markets. My investigation is based on a variant of the heterogeneous autoregressive volatility model, using daily realized variance and return series from 2004 through 2009. I find that a decline in futures returns, while apparently leading to lower volatility asymmetry, is in fact due to the lack of inclusion of longer-term absolute return effects and jumps in the return series.
Orbilia fimicola, a nematophagous discomycete and its Arthrobotrys anamorph

Cultures derived from a collection of Orbilia fimicola produced an Arthrobotrys anamorph. This ana? morph was identified as A. superba. A discomycete agreeing closely with 0. fimicola was previously re? ported to be associated with a culture of A. superba but no definitive connection was made. In the present study, traps were formed in the Arthrobotrys cultures when nematodes were added. The hypothesis is put forth that other Orbilia species might be predators of nematodes or invertebrates based on their ascospore and conidial form.
In vitro model of a fibrosa layer of a heart valve

The fibrosa layer of a cardiac aortic valve is composed mostly of a dense network of type I collagen fibers oriented in circumferential direction. This main layer bears the tensile load and responds to the high stress on a leaflet. The inner fibrosa layer is also the site of pathophysiologic changes that result in valvular dysfunction, including stenosis and regurgitation. In vitro studies of these changes are limited by the absence of a substrate that mimics the circumferentially oriented structure of the fibrosa layer. In heart valve tissue engineering, generation of this layer is challenging. This study aimed to develop an artificial fibrosa layer of a native aortic leaflet. A unique morphologically biomimicked, pliable, but standalone substrate with circumferentially oriented nanofibers was fabricated by electrospinning on a novel collector designed for this study. The substrate had low-bulk tensile stiffness and ultimate strength; thus, cultured valvular interstitial cells (VICs) showed a fibroblast ...
Effects of inhibiting neutral endopeptidase and kininase II on coronary and systemic hemodynamics in rats

To determine whether neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and kininase II (angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE) influence coronary hemodynamics, we compared the effects of inhibiting NEP, ACE, or both before and after isoproterenol (50 mg/kg ip). We measured flow and resistance using radioactive microspheres in 90 anesthetized rats which received the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon (2.5 mg/kg), the ACE inhibitor captopril (2.5 mg/kg), both combined, or vehicle alone. Before isoproterenol, inhibiting NEP, ACE, or both increased left ventricular blood flow by 48 +/- 10 (SE), 33 +/- 9, and 10 +/- 6%, respectively, and decreased left ventricular vascular resistance by 26 +/- 6, 31 +/- 10, and 10 +/- 6%, respectively. After isoproterenol, NEP inhibition augmented the decrease in left ventricular vascular resistance (25 +/- 6% decrease within 90 s of isoproterenol vs. 8 +/- 5% in controls). ACE inhibition did not augment the decrease in resistance but inhibiting both enzymes did so to a lesser extent than inhibiting NEP. These effects cannot be explained by vascular responses secondary to changes of myocardial oxygen consumption. We conclude that NEP and ACE are regulators of myocardial blood flow.
Projective Modules for Group Algebras

We focus in this chapter on facts about group algebras that are not true for finite-dimensional algebras in general. The results are a mix of general statements and specific examples describing the representations of certain types of groups. At the beginning of the chapter, we summarize the properties of projective modules for p -groups and also the behavior of projective modules under induction and restriction. Toward the end, we show that the Cartan matrix is symmetric (then the field is algebraically closed) and also that projective modules are injective. In the middle, we describe quite explicitly the structure of projective modules formany semidirect products, and we do this by elementary arguments. It shows that the important general theorems are not always necessary to understand specific representations, and it also increases our stock of examples of groups and their representations. Because of the diversity of topics, it is possible to skip certain results in this chapter without affecting comprehension of what remains. For example, the reader who ismore interested in the general results could skip the description of representations of specific groups between Example 8.2.1 and Theorem 8.4.1. The Behavior of Projective Modules under Induction, Restriction, and Tensor Product We start with a basic fact about group algebras of p -groups in characteristic p . Theorem 8.1.1. Let k be a field of characteristic p and G a p-group. The regular representation is an indecomposable projective module that is the projective cover of the trivial representation. Every finitely generated projective module is free. The only idempotents in kG are 0 and 1 . Proof . We have seen in 6.12 that kG is indecomposable and it also follows from 7.14. By Nakayama's Lemma, kG is the projective cover of k . By 7.13 and 6.3, every indecomposable projective is isomorphic to kG . Every finitely generated projective is a direct sum of indecomposable projectives, and so is free. Finally, every idempotent e ∈ kG gives a module decomposition kG = kGe ⊕ kG (1 − e ). If e ≠ 0 then we must have kG = kGe , so kG (1 − e ) = 0 and e = 1.
A call to join the fight against bacterial resistance

The emergence of pathogens that are resistant to first-line antibiotics has made managing common bacterial infections more complex. The authors guide you to help minimize resistance.
Synthesis, characterization, computational study, and biological relevance of a family of isostructural, mononuclear Ln (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) complexes containing pyridoxine, an essential ingredient of vitamin B6 enzyme

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of a family of LnIII complexes (Ln = Gd(1), Tb(2), Dy(3), Ho(4) and Er(5)) of formula [(LnIII(NO3)2(OH2)(pyridoxine)2](NO3) are reported, where pyridoxine is 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine. They were obtained from the reaction of Ln(NO3)3 with pyridoxine in ethanol in a 1:1 M ratio. The crystal structures of representative 1 and 5 were obtained using a single-crystal X-ray diffractometer. The subsequent characterization of all the complexes was performed using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The gadolinium complex was further analyzed to determine if DNA is a biological target of this series of metal complexes. In this regard, the interaction between the gadolinium complex and DNA was probed utilizing circular dichroism spectroscopy. The study supports the moderate binding of complex 1 to DNA.
Racism without Hatred? Racist Humor and the Myth of “Colorblindness”:

Critical Race scholars contend that the current period of “race relations” is dominated by a “color-blind” racial ideology. Scholars maintain that although individuals continue to hold conventional...
Reducing or reinforcing in-group preferences? An experiment on information and ethnic voting

Reducing or Reinforcing In-Group Preferences? An Experiment on Information and Ethnic Voting
The Use of Infant Confinement Equipment in Community-Based Child Care Centers: An Analysis of Centers Participating in a Statewide Quality Rating and Improvement System

Objectives Although infants increasingly spend time in community-based child care centers, little attention has been paid to their physical activity experiences while in group care. In particular, the use of devices to restrict infant mobility, such as bouncy seats, high chairs, cribs, and stationary activity centers, has received little attention in the physical activity literature. The current study examines the presence and use of these confinement devices in infant classrooms. Methods A secondary analysis of observational data in child care centers participating in Delaware's Quality Rating and Improvement System was conducted. Quality assessment observations were coded for the use of confinement devices and the actual amount of time the confinement device was employed per child. The sample consisted of 38 infant classrooms serving a total of 162 infants in the statewide system. Results Findings suggest a high level of utilization of confinement devices in infant child care classrooms with each classroom averaging three pieces of equipment used during the observations and 22% of observed children being confined 30 min or longer during the observation period. Conclusions for Practice The reliance on confinement devices in group child care is a potential concern in the quest to prevent childhood obesity by ensuring adequate physical activity and mobility for infants in group care settings. More research is needed to understand the implications of the use of confinement devices on physical activity in group care settings.
Takes Tutu to Ballet: Designing Visual and Verbal Feedback for Augmented Mirrors

Mirrors have been a core feature in ballet studios for over five hundred years. While physical mirrors provide real-time feedback, they do not inform dancers of their errors. Thus, technologies such as motion tracking have been used to augment what a physical mirror can provide. Current augmented mirrors, however, only implement one mode of communication, usually visual, and do not provide a holistic feedback to dancers that includes all the feedback elements commonly used in ballet classes. We conducted a mixed-method study with 16 novices and 16 expert dancers in which we compared two different modes of communication (visual and verbal), two different types of feedback (value and corrective) and two levels of guidance (mirror, or no mirror). Participants' ballet technique scores were evaluated by a remote teacher on eight ballet combinations (tendue, adagio, pirouette, saute, plie, degage, frappe and battement tendue). We report quantitative and qualitative results that show how the level of guidance, mode of communication, and type of feedback, needs to be tuned in different ways for novices and experts.
The potential of emerging new therapeutics for the treatment of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa)

Introduction: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) constitutes a family of rare mesenchymal soft-tissue tumors. These tumors pose a significant diagnostic challenge, given their cytomorphol...
Intraoperative disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

Perioperative and intensive care nurses face many life-threatening patient care challenges. Among these challenges, one of the most difficult is managing a patient in disseminated intravasular coagulopathy (DIC). Management of DIC is difficult, but not impossible. Preventing the onset of DIC, however, is key and best achieved by recognizing and correcting predisposing factors. This article discusses the onset of management of a trauma patient who develops intraoperative DIC as a result of multiple gunshot wounds.
Estimating Battery Pack SOC Using A Cell-to-Pack Gain Updating Algorithm

Lithium-ion batteries are becoming the main energy storage in electric vehicles and electric grids. To elevate the battery capacity and the voltage supply, the battery cells are stacked to form a battery pack. The state-of charge (SOC) of the battery pack requires continuous monitoring for the operation safety. The current developed SOC estimation algorithms shows decent estimation accuracy but they are designed for individual cells. These algorithms stay in the battery cell level because they cannot capture the cell-to-cell difference which exists after manufactured. This paper proposed a battery pack SOC Co-Estimation algorithm based on the estimated battery cell SOC. The proposed battery pack SOC Co-Estimation algorithm can accurately estimates the SOC of a battery pack with three serial connected battery cells but without cell balancing. This algorithm also has the potential to reduce the computation effort on the battery management system (BMS) because it does not need to monitor every single cell in the battery pack.
A Dialogue with Daniel Wojcik on “Grassroots” Artistic Expression & Its Redemptive Power

Creative Arts Educ Ther (2018) 4(1):26–37 DOI: 10.15212/CAET/2018/4/4 A Dialogue with Daniel Wojcik on “Grassroots” Artistic Expression & Its Redemptive Power 与Daniel Wojcik就“草根”艺术表现及其救赎能力的对话
Work-In-Progress: Integration of Inclusivity Activity in Civil Engineering Materials Course

The objective of the paper is to present a work-in-progress effort in integrating an inclusivity component in a civil engineering materials course. Civil Engineering Materials is a required junior level 2- credit course with a lab on aggregates, cement, cement concrete and asphalt, and hot mix asphalt. There were 72 students in the class with 24 groups of three members each. In fall 2017, the instructor introduced an activity in half of the number of groups compared the testing standard of construction materials between two states within the US and the other half compared the testing standards between a state in the US and a different country. The objective of this activity was to expose half of the cohort of students to practices in different countries and evaluate the impact of exposing this activity on the social attitudes. The course has a two 75-minute lecture slot, and one 150 min slot for laboratory. The instructor was supported by four lab assistants. However, the students meet for the laboratory only four to five times a semester. The students were required to do the following as part of this activity: 1) Submit a one-page summary about the comparison between states within US or between US and other country within the first four weeks of classes; 2) Meet with each lab assistant to discuss the progress four weeks after the topic was approved; 3) Give a final presentation for 20 minutes, including 5 minute during the last week of class during the lab period. All the lab assistants viewed all the presentations and graded based on Oral Communication, Visual Communication, Professionalism, Technical Content, and overall organization.
Quantum Coherence Enhances Electron Transfer Rates to Two Equivalent Electron Acceptors.

When a molecular electron donor interacts with multiple electron acceptors, quantum coherence can enhance the electron transfer (ET) rate. Here we report photodriven ET rates in a pair of donor–acceptor (D-A) compounds that link one anthracene (An) donor to one or two equivalent 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) acceptors. Subpicosecond ET from the lowest excited singlet state of An to two BQs is about 2.4 times faster than ET to one BQ at room temperature, but about 5 times faster at cryogenic temperatures. This factor of 2 increase results from a transition from ET to one of two acceptors at room temperature to ET to a superposition state of the two acceptors with correlated system–bath fluctuations at low temperature.
Cell Population Effects in a Mouse Tauopathy Model Identified by Single Cell Sequencing

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders are complex multifactorial diseases that have poorly understood selective vulnerabilities among discrete cell populations. We performed single cell RNA sequencing of whole hippocampi from the rTg4510 mouse tauopathy model, which expresses a P301L MAPT mutation at two time points—before and after the onset of pathology. One population of neurons showed a robust size reduction in both the young and the old transgenic animals. Differential expression of genes expressed in this group of neurons suggested an enrichment in granule cell neurons. We identified genes that characterize this population of neurons using Pareto optimization of the specificity and precision of gene pairs for the population of interest. The resulting optimal marker genes were overwhelmingly associated with neuronal projections and their expression was enriched in the dentate gyrus suggesting that the rTg4510 mouse is a good model for Pick’s disease. This observation suggested that the tau mutation affects the population of neurons associated with neuronal projections even before overt tau inclusions can be observed. Out of the optimal pairs of genes identified as markers of the population of neurons of interest, we selected Purkinje cell protein 4 (Pcp4+) and Syntaxin binding protein 6 (Stxbp6+) for experimental validation. Single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed preferential expression of these markers and localized them to the dentate gyrus.
Protein Palmitoylation in Cancer

Protein palmitoylation describes the posttranslational addition of the 16-carbon fatty acid, palmitate, to specific cysteine of proteins via a labile thioester bond. Unlike other forms of lipidation, such as myristoylation and prenylation, palmitoylation is reversible, allowing for dynamic regulation of protein-membrane interactions, protein trafficking between membrane compartments, protein-protein interactions, and protein function. Recent proteomic studies have revealed that the number of palmitoylated proteins in mammals is both abundant and diverse; curation of data from such studies has demonstrated that genes encoding palmitoylated proteins constitute 10% of the genome and that palmitoylation is enriched equally in cancer, at neuronal synapses, and in disorders of the nervous system. This suggests that a disruption in the homeostatic balance of protein palmitoylation can have critical pathophysiological consequences. Palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) catalyze the transfer of palmitate to a substrate, while depalmitoylation is mediated by acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs). To date, nearly half of the 23 genes that encode PATs and several APT genes have been linked to tumorigenesis, representing important targets for cancer drug development. While convincing evidence for a role for aberrant palmitoylation in cancer remains to be established, the number of cancer-related signaling proteins and networks in which palmitoylation plays a pivotal role is large and growing. Developing pharmacological modulators of palmitoylation to prevent or reverse cancer progression will require that they be developed within the context of well-characterized PAT-/APT-related signaling systems implicated in cancer.
Linear Response Theory

The projection operators and Mori-Zwanzig formalism of the previous Lecture are primarily an element of the theoretical chemist’s armamentarium. Given a similar problem to tackle, a theoretical physicist is more likely to invoke linear response theory, which is the main focus of this Lecture. Just as the previous Lecture was substantially taken from the work of Mori and Zwanzig, my only contribution being to keep the derivation entirely in time domain, so also this Lecture is based very closely on papers of Kubo [1] and Zwanzig [2]. Section 27.2 of this Lecture, which gives a general derivation of the linear-response picture, follows Kubo [1]; Section 27.3 gives Zwanzig’s [2] specific quantum example of linear response theory: Kubo’s formula for the resistance.
The class V myosin interactome of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus reveals novel interactions with COPII vesicle transport proteins

Abstract The human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. Adaptation to the host environment is integral to survival of A. fumigatus and requires the coordination of short- and long-distance vesicular transport to move essential components throughout the fungus. We previously reported the importance of MyoE, the only class V myosin, for hyphal growth and virulence of A. fumigatus. Class V myosins are actin-based, cargo-carrying motor proteins that contain unique binding sites for specific cargo. Specific cargo carried by myosin V has not been identified in any fungus, and previous studies have only identified single components that interact with class V myosins. Here we utilized a mass spectrometry-based whole proteomic approach to identify MyoE interacting proteins in A. fumigatus for the first time. Several proteins previously shown to interact with myosin V through physical and genetic approaches were confirmed, validating our proteomic analysis. Importantly, we identified novel MyoE-interacting proteins, including members of the cytoskeleton network, cell wall synthesis, calcium signaling and a group of coat protein complex II (COPII) proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi transport. Furthermore, we analyzed the localization patterns of the COPII proteins, UsoA (Uso1), SrgE (Sec31), and SrgF (Sec23), which suggested a potential role for MyoE in ER to Golgi trafficking.
Studying animal niches using bulk stable isotope ratios: an updated synthesis

The development of the isotopic niche, an n-dimensional hypervolume (with n being the number of isotopes) occupied by a population in delta space, has revolutionized the study of animal interactions in wild populations. While the isotopic niche offers a useful means to understand interactions at many ecological resolutions (e.g., individual, population, community, ecosystem), a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors drive isotopic variability and influence the ultimate geometry of observed niche dimensions. Here, we provide an updated synthesis to guide the application of bulk stable isotope ratios to study ecological niches. We summarize progress in the application of bulk stable isotope ratios for evaluating niches to synthesize a formal definition of the isotopic niche. We identify six broad categories to describe drivers of isotopic variance introduced by the animal, its environment, and the researcher, and provide recommendations to account for such variations before, during, and after sample collection and data analyses. Our synthesis illustrates the considerations that should be made before employing the isotopic niche to broader ecological contexts, and offers guidance for the use and interpretation of isotopic niche dynamics in future studies.