cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Instructional Two-Dimensional Diffraction Laboratory Using Patterns Created with Electron-Beam Lithography

An instructional laboratory in two-dimensional diffraction is discussed. The experiment is appropriate for undergraduate students in materials science, solid-state physics (as was the case with our group), modern physics, or optics. The experiment is performed using visible light from a laser incident on a 2D lattice of gold dots deposited with electron beam lithography on a glass substrate. The pattern is microscopic with a lattice constant on the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of light used. Students observe the diffraction pattern, and then quantitatively determine the positions of maxima. These data are used by the students to reconstruct the (real space) microscopic lattice. The students can simulate the experiment with software that computes reciprocal lattice and diffraction patterns for an arbitrary 2D lattice.
Genetic science, animal exploitation, and the challenge for democracy

As the debates over cloning and stem cell research indicate, issues raised by biotechnology combine research into the genetic sciences, perspectives and contexts articulated by the social sciences, and the ethical and anthropological concerns of philosophy. Consequently, I argue that intervening in the debates over biotechnology requires supra-disciplinary critical philosophy and social theory to illuminate the problems and their stakes. In addition, debates over cloning and stem cell research raise exceptionally important challenges to bioethics and a democratic politics of communication.
Converging free energy estimates: MM-PB(GB)SA studies on the protein–protein complex Ras–Raf

Estimating protein-protein interaction energies is a very challenging task for current simulation protocols. Here, absolute binding free energies are reported for the complex H-Ras/C-Raf1 using the MM-PB(GB)SA approach, testing the internal consistency and model dependence of the results. Averaging gas-phase energies (MM), solvation free energies as determined by Generalized Born models (GB/SA), and entropic contributions calculated by normal mode analysis for snapshots obtained from 10 ns explicit-solvent molecular dynamics in general results in an overestimation of the binding affinity when a solvent-accessible surface area-dependent model is used to estimate the nonpolar solvation contribution. Applying the sum of a cavity solvation free energy and explicitly modeled solute-solvent van der Waals interaction energies instead provides less negative estimates for the nonpolar solvation contribution. When the polar contribution to the solvation free energy is determined by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PB) instead, the calculated binding affinity strongly depends on the atomic radii set chosen. For three GB models investigated, different absolute deviations from PB energies were found for the unbound proteins and the complex. As an alternative to normal-mode calculations, quasiharmonic analyses have been performed to estimate entropic contributions due to changes of solute flexibility upon binding. However, such entropy estimates do not converge after 10 ns of simulation time, indicating that sampling issues may limit the applicability of this approach. Finally, binding free energies estimated from snapshots of the unbound proteins extracted from the complex trajectory result in an underestimate of binding affinity. This points to the need to exercise caution in applying the computationally cheaper "one-trajectory-alternative" to systems where there may be significant changes in flexibility and structure due to binding. The best estimate for the binding free energy of Ras-Raf obtained in this study of -8.3 kcal mol(-1) is in good agreement with the experimental result of -9.6 kcal mol(-1), however, further probing the transferability of the applied protocol that led to this result is necessary.
AN IMPLICIT TIME-STEPPING METHOD FOR QUASI-RIGID MULTIBODY SYSTEMS WITH INTERMITTENT CONTACT

We recently developed a time-stepping method for simulating rigid multi-body systems with intermittent contact tha t is implicit in the geometric information [1]. In this paper, we ex tend this formulation to quasi-rigid or locally compliant objec ts, i.e., objects with a rigid core surrounded by a compliant layer, si milar to Song et al. [2]. The difference in our compliance mode l from existing quasi-rigid models is that, based on physicalmotivations, we assume the compliant layer has a maximum possibl e normal deflection beyond which it acts as a rigid body. Therefore, we use an extension of the Kelvin-Voigt (i.e. linear springdamper) model for obtaining the normal contact forces by incorporating the thickness of the compliant layer explicitl y in the contact model. We use the Kelvin-Voigt model for the tangent ial forces and assume that the contact forces and moment satisfy an ellipsoidal friction law. We model each object as an intersection of convex inequalities and write the contact constraint as a complementarityconstraint between the contact force and a distance function de pendent on the closest points and the local deformation of the bo dy. The closest points satisfy a system of nonlinear algebraic e quations and the resultant continuous model is a Differential C omplementarity Problem (DCP). This enables us to formulate a g eometrically implicit time-stepping scheme for solving theDCP which is more accurate than a geometrically explicit scheme . The discrete problem to be solved at each time-step is a mixed nonlinear complementarity problem.
Hybrid Monte Carlo approach to the entanglement entropy of interacting fermions

The Monte Carlo calculation of R\'enyi entanglement entropies ${S}_{n}^{}$ of interacting fermions suffers from a well-known signal-to-noise problem, even for a large number of situations in which the infamous sign problem is absent. A few methods have been proposed to overcome this issue, such as ensemble switching and the use of auxiliary partition-function ratios. Here, we present an approach that builds on the recently proposed free-fermion decomposition method; it incorporates entanglement in the probability measure in a natural way; it takes advantage of the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm (an essential tool in lattice quantum chromodynamics and other gauge theories with dynamical fermions); and it does not suffer from noise problems. This method displays no sign problem for the same cases as other approaches and is therefore useful for a wide variety of systems. As a proof of principle, we calculate ${S}_{2}^{}$ for the one-dimensional, half-filled Hubbard model and compare with results from exact diagonalization and the free-fermion decomposition method.
Two 7-R manipulators which provide controllably dexterous workspace

The controllably dexterous workspace of a tool-point is defined. A type-synthesis process, based on screw theory and geometry, is extended to identify two 7-R robots, each of which can provide the controllably dexterous workspace. The identification process is confined to those robots that control the motion of the end-effector with seven series-connected joints, the axes for the outermost three of which are concurrent. The result for each is a suitable set of angle dimensions for the links of the arm, where the angle choices are limited to the values 0, +or- pi /2, and pi . A geometric description of the kinematics for the dominant control function is included insofar as it is required to effect the identification. Also included are comments about motion planning in a controllably dexterous workspace. >
Modeling and validation of interfacial area transport equation in subcooled boiling flow

The first comprehensive validation of the interfacial area transport equation in subcooled boiling is presented and shown to perform exceptionally when compared with experimental data. The formulat...
An Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)for Detection of Antibodies to the Koi Herpesvirus(KHV) in the Serum of Koi Cyprinus carpio

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)detected the presence of anti-koi herpesvirus(KHV)antibodies in the serum of koi or colored carp(Cyprinus carpio)following either natural or experimental exposures to KHV.Concentrations of anti-KHV antibodies were detected at serum dilutions as great as 1:62, 500 in a population of koi kept in virus-free water for 1 year following a naturally occurring outbreak due to KHV.At serum dilutions less than 1:2, 500 cross reactions with a second herpes-like viral agent Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) was detected in serum from both experimentally and naturally KHV exposed koi. Passive immunization by administration of anti-KHV antibodies from koi recovered from previous virus infections to naive koi provided only partial and transient protection to waterborne challenges with KHV. Koi that maintained high levels of serum anti-KHV antibodies after 1 year in virus-free water are deemed as suspect carriers of the virus. The identification of suspect carriers by screening of koi and common carp populations, including potential broodstocks, with the KHV ELISA should improve the ability to control this important viral pathogen.
Perceptions of Interfirm Power and its use within a Franchise Channel of Distribution

Data from a field study of the automobile distribution channel are used to examine how dealers’ perceptions of their manufacturers’ power are related to the latter's use of coercive and noncoercive...
Children's understanding : case of the Easter Bunny

40 preschool children responded to open-ended questions on characteristics of the Easter Bunny. Subjects indicated their characterizations reflective of situationally specific information. Subjects...
Analysis on Situation of Occupational Diseases in Yiyang During the Period of the “Eleventh Five-year Plan”

Objective To investigate the incidence of occupational diseases in Yiyang City during the period of the "Eleventh Five-year Plan",and to provide the information support for scientific decision of control and reduction of occupational hazards in Yiyang during the period of the "Twelfth Five-year Plan".Methods Retrospective investigation method was used to comprehensively analyze the characteristics and occupation distribution of newly diagnosed cases of occupational diseases.Results During the period of the "Eleventh Five-year Plan",a total of 403 newly diagnosed cases of occupational diseases occurred in Yiyang City,including 364 cases of pneumoconiosis,2 cases of acute poisoning,34 cases of chronic poisoning and 3 cases of other occupational diseases.Pneumoconiosis accounted for 90.32% of the total newly diagnosed cases,chronic occupational poisoning,acute occupational poisoning,physical factors and other occupational diseases accounted for 8.44%,0.49%,and 0.74%,respectively.Up to the 2010 fiscal year,there were 2,731 cases of pneumoconiosis reported in total,and 2,130 were present cases.Conclusions Pneumoconiosis is a common occupational disease in Yiyang City.Much more attention should be paid to monitoring the key industries,including coal,non-ferrous metal,ferrous metal and other industries,to enhancing personal protective measures and improving employees' self-protection consciousness.
Marijuana Hot Spots: Infrared Imaging and the Fourth Amendment

Over fifty years ago, Justice Murphy warned of the threat to the Fourth Amendment posed by "new methods of photography that penetrate walls or overcome distances."' Dissenting from a majority decision permitting the warrantless use of a "detectaphone" (a device that allows conversations in an adjoining room to be heard), Justice Murphy recognized the Fourth Amendment concerns raised by the application of technology to police surveillance work.2 He correctly identified the difficulty of protecting "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures" when technology substantially increases the ability of the police to peer into an individual's life.3 A recent technological advancement, infrared imaging, raises similar Fourth Amendment concerns. The police have used infrared imagers-devices that detect infrared radiation and translate it into visible images-to identify indoor marijuanagrowing operations. Because indoor marijuana cultivation requires the use of high-power electric lamps that produce large amounts of infrared radiation, police can infer that structures emitting unusually large amounts of infrared radiation conceal marijuana-growing operations. In a typical case, after receiving
Multi-vehicle Dynamic Pursuit Using Underwater Acoustics

Marine robots communicating wirelessly is an increasingly attractive means for observing and monitoring the ocean, but acoustic communication remains a major impediment to real-time control. In this paper we address through experiments the capability of acoustics to sustain highly dynamic, multi-agent missions, in particular range-only pursuit in a challenging shallow-water environment. We present in detail results comparing the tracking performance of three different communication configurations, at operating speeds near 1.5 m/s. A “lower bound” case with RF wireless communication, a 4-second cycle and no quantization has a tracking bandwidth of \(\approx \)0.5 rad/s. When using full-sized modem packets with negligible quantization and a 23-second cycle time, the tracking bandwidth is \(\approx \)0.065 rad/s. With 13-bit mini-packets, we employ logarithmic quantization to achieve a cycle time of 12 s and a tracking bandwidth of \(\approx \)0.13 rad/s. These outcomes show definitively that aggressive dynamic control of multi-agent systems underwater is tractable today.
EPLL Extensions and Modifications

This chapter presents several extensions and modifications to the enhanced phase-locked loop (EPLL). It discusses the estimation and rejection of direct current (DC) component and the estimation/mitigation of harmonics. The chapter deals with the soft start problem, problem of large phase jumps, concept of in-loop filters, and windowing in EPLL. Contrary to prefilter and postfilters, the in-loop filters or window functions have very direct and strong impact on the EPLL stability and can even quickly cause instability if they are not properly designed. A design method based on approximate linear analysis is presented. The EPLL with general filtering is introduced for flexible rejection/ mitigation of various frequency components. The possibility of including a phase shift in the EPLL structure in order to compensate for the phase delay of the general filter is also discussed. This can improve the transient response of the system.
Abstract WMP75: Infection is Strong Predictor of In-hospital Stroke and Mortality in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis -Ten Year Experience

Introduction: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is associated with accelerated vascular disease of the cerebral circulation. Several studies have established that patients with ESRD on hemodialysis (H...
Risk Factors for 30-day Hospital Readmission for Diverticular Hemorrhage.

Introduction:The 2010 Affordable Care Act introduced the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program to reduce health care utilization. Diverticular disease and its complications remain a leading cause of hospitalization among gastrointestinal disease. We sought to determine risk factors for 30-day hosp
Effect of hyperventilation on oxygenation of the brain cortex of neonates.

It is well known that even brief periods of hypoxia lead to serious disruption of neural function. Neuronal properties are modified within seconds of the onset of anoxia and within 2.5-3 minutes anoxic depolarization begins (see for example Silver, 1977a,b), characterized by massive loss of K+ and diffusion of C1- into the cells. If reoxygenation occurs within a few minutes the cellular events and integrated neural function recovers, but as the period of oxygen deprivation is extended there is progressive irreversible loss of function.
Effect of the Last Planner System® on Social Interactions among Project Participants

ABSTRACTConstruction is one of the oldest and most established project-based industries, bringing together a diverse collection of professionals for short periods of time. Within the temporary organization of projects, interaction among the participants ensures a smooth transmission of vital information that impacts the process of production planning. While involvement of participants in the planning process increases cohesiveness among them, the Last Planner System® (LPS) identifies detailed specification of the steps to be followed and the constraints to be removed for reliable execution of the project. To accomplish the goal of this study to understand the effect of LPS on the social interactions of the participants, a critical case study method was adopted. In-depth analyses of the interactions among the participants of two projects, one following LPS and another following traditional project planning, have been undertaken to illustrate the role of social interaction in each one of them. Weekly subcon...
Transitions From Sexual Relationships Into Cohabitation and Beyond

Much research on cohabitation has focused on transitions from cohabitation to marriage or dissolution, but less is known about how rapidly women progress into cohabitation, what factors are associated with the tempo to shared living, and whether the timing into cohabitation is associated with subsequent marital transitions. We use data from the 2006-2013 National Survey of Family Growth to answer these questions among women whose most recent sexual relationship began within 10 years of the interview. Life table results indicate that transitions into cohabitation are most common early in sexual relationships; nearly one-quarter of women had begun cohabiting within six months of becoming sexually involved. Multivariate analyses reveal important social class disparities in the timing to cohabitation. Not only are women from more-advantaged backgrounds significantly less likely to cohabit, but those who do cohabit enter shared living at significantly slower tempos than women whose mothers lacked a college degree. In addition, among sexual relationships that transitioned into cohabiting unions, college-educated women were significantly more likely to transition into marriage than less-educated women. Finally, although the tempo effect is only weakly significant, women who moved in within the first year of their sexual relationship demonstrated lower odds of marrying than did women who deferred cohabiting for over a year. Relationship processes are diverging by social class, contributing to inequality between more- and less-advantaged young adults.
Hepatitis in three siblings

Summary The history of a family in which the mother, who had had jaundice in adolescence, gave birth to three children, all of whom had jaundice before 2½ months, is reported. The first two children recovered uneventfully, but the third child died. At post-mortem examination evidence of widespread destruction of liver tissue was present. The mother and one of the siblings had positive cephalin flocculation tests. It is questionable whether the mother's jaundice in adolescence or a later serum hepatitis should be correlated with her positive cephalin flocculation test and the transmission of hepatitis to her offspring.
Using Second Life to Teach Operations Management

This paper describes the use of Second Life to enhance the author’s delivery of the core MBA Operations Management course at a major northeastern university. The purpose of the Second Life Project was to help students to attain the learning objectives for the course and to expose them to a Web 2.0 technology. The students wrote brief papers summarizing their research findings and presented their work inside of Second Life. Resident course delivery and in-world student work were augmented with in-world office hours, guest speakers and technical assistance provided by the instructor and the university’s instructional design staff. At the completion of each term, students were asked to complete a questionnaire that asked them whether the Second Life experience helped them to meet each course objective. They were also asked their opinions regarding whether Second Life has a place in the MBA curriculum. My findings indicate that some of the learning goals were met and that although some students were not sure within which course Second Life should be included, the consensus was that virtual worlds are the wave of the future and should be included in the curriculum.
An Analysis and Comparison of Behavioral Assumptions in Traffic Assignment

This paper compares modeling of traffic flow on networks in such a manner that total user cost is minimized with the modeling of flow so that an equilibrium is achieved. A detailed comparison of the output from these two models is presented for a 76 arc, 24 node sketch planning network used to model the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The results indicate that the difference between the two sets of flows is small enough to justify the simplifying assumption that total user cost is minimized. Such an assumption is often made in network design or link addition models to achieve computational ease, particularly in the context of multiple objectives.
Radiation Characteristics of the Vivaldi Antenna in Landmine Detection Application

This paper presents parametric analysis of the receiver Vivaldi antenna in a forward-looking radar system with application in landmine detection. We focus on the radiation characteristics of the Vivaldi antenna by performing full-wave electromagnetic simulation. Firstly the substrate permittivity effect is investigated. Subsequently the soil structure and material property are considered with a landmine model included. The results are to be applied to the understanding of the radiation mechanism of the Vivaldi antennas in the radar transceiver subsystem.
Measurement of methylated metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its biological application

Methylation aberrations play an important role in many metabolic disorders including cancer. Methylated metabolites are direct indicators of metabolic aberrations, and currently, there is no Liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based method available to cover all classes of methylated metabolites at low detection limits. In this study, we have developed a method for the detection of methylated metabolites, and it's biological application. In this approach, we used a HILIC based HPLC with MS to measure methylated organic acids, amino acids, and nucleotides. These metabolites were separated from each other by their hydrophobic interactions and analyzed by targeted metabolomics of single reaction monitoring by positive and negative mode of electrospray ionization. These metabolites were quantified, and the interday reproducibility was <10% relative standard deviation. Furthermore, by applying this method, we identified high levels of methylated metabolites in bladder cancer cell lines compared to benign cells. In vitro treatment of cancer cells with methylation inhibitor, 5- aza-2'-deoxycytidine showed a decrease in these methylated metabolites. This data indicates that HPLC analysis using this HILIC based method could be a powerful tool for measuring methylated metabolites in biological specimens. This method is rapid, sensitive, selective, and precise to measure methylated metabolites.
Engaging a Community-based Perspective: The Problems of and Prospects for a Grassroots Endeavor in the Dominican Republic

The purpose of this article is to bring to the forefront the inconsistency of so-called “grassroots” organizations that operate by using traditional structures. The case of Educate Everyone, a nonprofit organization in the Dominican Republic, is utilized to illustrate this incompatibility at the organizational level, and identify the ways in which this issue plays out in a project. Additionally, possibilities for the organization to employ a community-based framework are discussed. The accounts that are presented to explore the central theme stem from two months of fieldwork that were spent carrying out a participatory action research project with volunteers who support Educate Everyone’s annual academic camp.
Doing Research in a Professional Development School and Why I Feel like Houdini in a Straight Jacket.

When I was a little girl, my father told me the story of how he once saw the great Houdini escape from a straight jacket. In the early 1900s, Harry Houdini fascinated thousands of people by performing feats of lifethreatening daring and agility. In the straight jacket escape, Harry was suited in a formidable looking garment made of canvas with extremely long sleeves that ended in ties. Harry’s arms were crossed over his chest, with the long sleeves tied in the back. To make matters worse, a large iron chain was wrapped around poor Harry’s body and his feet were padlocked together. Finally, Harry was hoisted upside down, while the fascinated crowd waited anxiously to see if he could break his bonds. After what seemed like an eternity of writhing and contorting as he dangled above the ground, Harry set his hands free, unshackled his feet, and landed safely on the ground! The crowd cheered wildly in enthusiastic but naive astonishment. My father’s generation thought Harry’s act was, at least in part, “magic.” How could a man create an effective solution to such an overwhelming predicament? What knowledge and skills did he possess to carry out the solution? How could Harry remain calm under pressure while making the act look so easy under the scrutiny of a live audience?
Simplified Flip-Flop Gate Model for EEMI Injection

We present a second order dynamical system to represent the behavior of a D flip-flop. We employ windowing functions and vector fields to replicate a characteristic found in [1], which resorts to switching. The model also takes into account metastable behavior, which can be exploited when studying software execution faults due to an undefined logical state. We conceived the noise injection to be additive noise targeting the transition between the stable equilibrium points. However, the model is flexible and many parameters can be changed to alter its behavior.
Neighborhood racial and ethnic change in the United States from 1970 to 2010: an application of the Modified Lilien Index

This paper describes how the Modified Lilien Index (MLI) can be used to measure the rate of neighborhood racial and ethnic change. The MLI is useful because it measures the rate of change across mu...
Direct astrophysical tests of chiral effective field theory at supranuclear densities

Recent observations of neutron stars with gravitational waves and X-ray timing provide unprecedented access to the equation of state (EoS) of cold dense matter at densities difficult to realize in terrestrial experiments. At the same time, predictions for the EoS with reliable uncertainty estimates from chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT) bound our theoretical ignorance. In this work, we analyze astrophysical data using a nonparametric representation of the neutron star EoS conditioned on $\chi$EFT to directly constrain the underlying physical properties of the compact objects. We discuss how the data alone constrain the EoS at high densities when we condition on $\chi$EFT at low densities. We also demonstrate how to exploit astrophysical data to directly test the predictions of $\chi$EFT for the EoS up to twice nuclear saturation density, and estimate the density at which these predictions might break down. We find that the existence of massive pulsars, gravitational waves from GW170817, and NICER observations of PSR J0030+0451 favor $\chi$EFT predictions for the EoS up to nuclear saturation density over a more agnostic analysis by a factor of 7 for the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations used in this work. While $\chi$EFT predictions using QMC are fully consistent with gravitational-wave data up to twice nuclear saturation, NICER observations suggest that the EoS stiffens relative to these predictions at nuclear saturation density. Additionally, we marginalize over the uncertainty in the density at which $\chi$EFT begins to break down, constraining the radius of a $1.4\,M_\odot$ neutron star to $R_{1.4} = 11.40^{+1.38}_{-1.04}$ ($12.54^{+0.71}_{-0.63}$) km and the pressure at twice nuclear saturation density to $p(2n_\mathrm{sat}) = 14.2^{+18.1}_{-8.4}$ ($28.7^{+15.3}_{-15.0}$) $\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{fm}^3$ with massive pulsar and gravitational-wave (and NICER) data.
Developmental and reproductive toxicology

Abstract Reproduction and development encompass a variety of complex biological processes that harmonize to orchestrate the existence of life. These complex processes must be completed in an organized manner to assure the proper progression of maturation throughout all life stages. Toxicological studies in reproduction and development aim to understand the adverse health effects of environmental agents, using a variety of techniques. In the 21st century new methods, techniques, and ideas have brought many advances in our understanding of the complex interactions between our environment, reproduction, and development. These advances were combined with historical themes to assemble the resources presented in this chapter.
Digital hermeneutics for the new age of cinema

Philosophical and technoculture studies surrounding the existential understanding of the human–technology–world experience have seen a slow but steady increase that makes a turn to material hermeneutics in the second decade of the twenty-first century (Ihde in Postphenomenology: essays in the postmodern context. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, 1993; Capurro in AI Soc 25(1):35–42, 2010; Romele in Digital hermeneutics: philosophical investigations in new media and technologies. Routledge, Abingdon, 2020; among others). This renewed focus makes sense because human–technology–world experiences need to be interpreted. And many of these are more complicated to study, precisely because technology is at the root of the experiences. One interesting subset of technologies is media technologies, also called digital media, which intertwines the device and the content to mediate together in the world (Irwin in Digital media: human-technology connection. Lexington Books, Lanham, 2016). Visual media technologies and media content, together, through what is called moving image technologies, create virtual role-playing, virtual and augmented reality, video games, and social media focused worlds that have become central experiences in contemporary culture. Just as image-based scientific instruments read the world in different ways, so to do these visual mediated experiences. How might this comingled “reading” of technology explain the digital film language and experience? I contend that understanding the existential “early” film experience helps understand the new age of cinema, with implications for digital media, digital representation of the visual, and technoscience and technoculture studies. The material hermeneutics perspective called postphenomenology is one way to study these visually focused human–technology–world perceptual and interpretive experiences. Don Ihde’s methodological framework (1990, 1993, 1996, 2002, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2019) is both an idea from technoscience studies and a set of nuanced vocabulary that helps to explore and reveal variations, patterns, and trajectories of the whole-body experience of technology. This use case will first explore traditional cinema and then the “new age” term “moving image”, to learn more about this complicated and radically transforming technological experience. Work by Don Ihde and Vivian Sobchack is considered.
Communications with Curiosity during Solar Conjunction

This study examines the methodology for operating and communicating with NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity Rover during the 2019 solar conjunction. For MSL, solar conjunction occurs when the viewing angle between the Sun and Mars from Earth's perspective falls below 3 degrees, which occurs roughly every two Earth years and lasts for about two weeks. This presents a challenge for engineers operating a vehicle on Mars because the degraded signal to noise ratio disrupts data flow between Earth and the spacecraft. As a result, operators designate a command moratorium in which no commands are sent to the rover and instead design long-term plans that are uplinked weeks in advance (rather than the nominal case of daily uplinks). Coordinating communications with the rover leading up to and following conjunction requires negotiations with several orbiters, another lander, and the Deep Space Network (DSN) – each with their own set of constraints. It is the Strategic Comm Planning Team's job to oversee this coordination, which acts as a baseline for the conjunction planning cadence. In the 2019 conjunction, MSL's Comm team faced additional complications such as the arrival of two new spacecraft at Mars – NASA's InSight (NSY) and the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). The team also utilized a set of new, complex planning tools that were developed to handle the intricate incorporation of these new spacecraft into the Mars relay environment, but which had never before been used for conjunction communication planning. Although experience with previous conjunctions provides guidance, each conjunction period presents unique challenges and finding the optimal solution each time is one of the hardest challenges that the Comm team faces.
Experimental Study of FSI with Impact Loading

While low velocity impact is not a major concern for most metallic structures, it has received a broad attention to polymer composite structures because such impact loading may cause internal damage to composite structures, resulting in their unexpected premature failure as load-carrying members.
The Architectural Other

Jacques Lacan defines the Other as the linguistic superstructure of the unconscious. It is the collective network of relations into which the subject is inserted, as the subject is inserted into la...
Dual Range and High Data-Rate Intrabody Communication Transceiver based on Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers

In this paper, we demonstrate the implementation of a dual range (short $\mathrm{d}_{\mathrm{S}}=3.5\text{cm}$ and long $\mathrm{d}_{\mathrm{L}}=13.5\text{cm}$ distance application) and high bandwidth, high data-rate transceiver ( $\text{BW}\approx 200\text{kHz}$ and $\text{Data}-\text{Rate}\approx 400\text{kbits}/\mathrm{s}$ ) for intrabody communication links based on Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (pMUTs). The transceiver consists of a Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation and demodulation scheme implemented in a Universal Software Defined Radio (USRP). The intrabody antennas consist of a $10\times 10$ uni-morph pMUT array based on Aluminum Nitride (AlN) with circular shape design and resonance frequency $\mathrm{f}\approx 700\text{kHz}$ . The arrays are embedded in a tissue phantom to mimic human tissue properties and are coupled with ultrasound gel to avoid air gaps. The system was tested by serializing a $100\times 50\text{pixels}$ image in a bit stream and transmitting over the intrabody link. The sampling rate was set at twice the bandwidth of the pMUTs based on the Nyquist theorem. The detected Bit Error Rate (BER) was 1E-4 and 1E-1 for short and long range respectively, demonstrating the functionality of the pMUT intrabody transceiver. These levels of BER allow for perfect reconstruction of the original data by time-averaging successive frames.
Quantum Key Secure Communication Protocol via Enhanced Superdense Coding

In the last decades, Quantum Cryptography has become one of the most important branches of Quantum Communications with a particular projection over the future Quantum Internet. It is precisely in Quantum Cryptography where two techniques stand out above all others: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC). The first one has four loopholes relating to the exposure of the key at all points in the communication system, while the second has clear practical implementation problems in all its variants currently in use. Here, we present an alternative to QKD and QSDC techniques called quantum key secure communication (QKSC) protocol with a successful implementation on two free access quantum platforms.
Sway Together, Stay Together: Visualizing Spiritual Support Networks Through the SoulGarden Prototype

Spiritual support is a fundamental yet understudied dimension of support exchange in Online Health Communities. Recent work suggested that visualization of spiritual support networks offers a promising design mechanism for helping patients and caregivers navigate life-threatening physical or mental illnesses. Therefore, through user-centered and community-situated inquiry, we designed and developed SoulGarden–an interface that helps users visualize their spiritual support network in order to reduce loneliness and increase a sense of community and belonging. Initial feedback from user tests suggests that our nature-based theme provides users with feelings of calm and comfort, and that seeing the faces and prayers of supporters adds a meaningful sensory component to online support exchange. Our evaluation also suggests three valuable design considerations for future support network visualizations.
Sampling combinatorial spaces using biased random walks

For probabilistic reasoning, one often needs to sample from a combinatorial space. For example, one may need to sample uniformly from the space of all satisfying assignments. Can state-of-the-art search procedures for SAT be used to sample effectively from the space of all solutions? And, if so, how uniformly do they sample? Our initial results find that on the positive side, one can find all solutions to a given instance. Nevertheless, sampling can be highly biased. This research provides a starting point for the development of more balanced procedures.
Managing Monikers: The Role of Name Presentation in the 2008 Presidential Election

Given America’s widespread contempt for Islamic extremists, Obama’s Muslim-sounding moniker could have cost him electoral support. Consequently, anecdotal evidence suggests that Obama played a “name game” in which he deflected suspicions about his religious background by avoiding use of his middle name (Hussein) and minimizing the frequency with which his opponents used it. Did the presentation of Obama’s name affect how voters evaluated him? Results from a web-based experiment suggest that the answer varies by political orientation. Among Republicans and conservatives, Obama’s favorability ratings are generally lower when his middle name is present. Name presentation had little effect on Democrats and liberals, and moderates and independents rated the president more favorably when his middle name appeared. Regardless of party identification or political ideology, name presentation had no effect on the probability of voting for Obama.
Incorporating robotics into secondary education

Universities can play an important role in the high school educational system. In particular, New Mexico Tech has developed a robotics outreach program to provide high school students exposure to engineering concepts via building small robots. The authors have developed an integrated approach for incorporating robotics into secondary education with the objective of further engaging students through an exciting application of math, computers, and science. One of the principal objectives of this outreach effort is to promote the creation of programs at the secondary school level in New Mexico by providing a resource base for the teachers and students. These resources include an adaptable mobile robot kit, training, significant web-based materials (course offerings, an assembly/user manual,...) directed to both secondary students and teachers, and a personnel support structure including college engineering faculty, secondary teachers, practicing engineers, undergraduate engineering students, and junior-high and high-school students.
Competence Mutant of Haemophilus influenzae with Abnormal Ratios of Marker Efficiencies in Transformation

Abstract In studies of competence-deficient mutants of Haemophilus influenzae which absorb deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) but fail to produce transformants, it was observed that in some mutants the residual transforming activity for different markers varied widely, i.e., produced a ratio effect. One of these mutants, com−56, was studied intensively to determine the cause of the residual efficiency of transformation and the reason for the ratio effect. The residual frequency of transformation was higher for markers considered single-site mutations (like naladixic acid resistance), whereas the least efficient markers tested were those conferring resistance to high levels of streptomycin or novobiocin which are more complex than single-site mutations. Measurement of frequencies of cotransformation indicated that overall genetic linkage was reduced. Transfection was fairly efficient with phage S2 DNA, but not prophage DNA. Donor marker activity could be detected in transformed cell lysates, but not linked to recipient markers in recombinant molecules. Sucrose gradient analysis of such lysates revealed that donor material was associated with recipient DNA in at least normal quantities, but lacked detectable genetic activity. Material from donor DNA labeled with heavy isotopes was incorporated into recipient chromosomal fragments having a density indistinguishable from normal density, unlike the hybrid density recombinant material found in normal cells. No excessive solubilization or nicking of unincorporated donor was detected. It is postulated that this strain contains a hyperactive nuclease, which reduces the effective size of the input DNA during the integration process.
Isolation of Psychrophilic Bacteriophage-Host Systems from Refrigerated Food Products

Thirty-eight bacteriophage-host systems were isolated from 22 of 45 refrigerated food products examined under psychrophilic conditions. Isolates were obtained from ground beef, pork sausage, chicken, raw skim milk, and oysters, whereas no isolations were made from liquid egg whites and processed meat products. Thirty of the 38 psychrophilic bacterial hosts were gram-negative rods, and 27 of these were classified within the genus Pseudomonas; three were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The remaining eight were gram-positive cocci, which were tentatively classified as Leuconostoc. Plate counts of psychrophilic bacteria were greater than 2.2 x 10(5)/ml (g) in all but one sample which contained phage, whereas phage titers ranged from less than 100 to 6.3 x 10(6) plaque-forming units/ml (g). Phage isolates showed limited host ranges usually attacking only those hosts upon which they were isolated. Of eight phages tested against 13 cultures of known identity, one showed lytic action, and this was against strains of P. fragi.
Evolving Neuro-Controllers for a Dynamic System Using Structured Genetic Algorithms

This paper describes the application of the Structured Genetic Algorithm (sGA) to design neuro-controllers for an unstable physical system. In particular, the approach uses a single unified genetic process to automatically evolve complete neural nets (both architectures and their weights) for controlling a simulated pole-cart system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the sGA-evolved neuro-controllers for the task—to keep the pole upright (within a specified vertical angle) and the cart within the limits of the given track.
Topoisomerase I Inhibition by the Camptothecin Analog G1147211C

The development of camptothecin-like compounds as inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase I for the treatment of solid tumors has generated clinical excitement in this new class of drugs. We have discovered, developed, and entered into clinical trial a novel, potent, and water-soluble camptothecin analog with significant antitumor activity. This compound, Gl147211C [7-(4-methylpiperaziinomethylene)-10, 11-ethylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin hydrochloride] is a specific inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I. Compared to topotecan, Gl147211C is approximately three times as potent in the cleavable complex assay and approximately twice as soluble in aqueous medium. Human tumor cell line cytotoxicity assays indicated that Gl147211C was approximately 3- to 5-fold more potent than topotecan, while both compounds were relatively insensitive to the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. The in vivo preclinical antitumor activity of Gl147211C was compared to topotecan in an array of human tumor xenograft models in nude mice. In general, Gl147211C was able to induce regression of established tumors whereas topotecan was not. Microscopic evaluation of necropsied tissues indicated that drug-induced toxicity was mild, primarily limited to the gastrointestinal tract, and was comparable for both Gl147211C and topotecan. Based on these observations, Gl147211C moved through preclinical development and subsequently into Phase I clinical trial. A summary of Phase I trial results to date is provided.
Contraceptive Method Initiation: Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Selected Practice Guidelines

The US Selected Practice Recommendations is a companion document to the Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use that focuses on how providers can use contraceptive methods most effectively as well as problem-solve common issues that may arise. These guidelines serve to help clinicians provide contraception safely as well as to decrease barriers that prevent or delay a woman from obtaining a desired method. This article summarizes the Selected Practice Recommendations on timing of contraceptive initiation, examinations, and tests needed prior to starting a method and any necessary follow-up.
Pharmacokinetic concepts — Drug binding, apparent volume of distribution and clearance

Blood flow rate-limited physiological pharmacokinetic models have been used to examine the relationship between apparent volume of distribution and clearance or, more specifically between drug binding in blood, eliminating regions or noneliminating regions and clearance. The influence of binding on drug elimination depends on the driving force concentration in the eliminating region. In most instances this is likely to be free drug concentration in the region. Under these conditions, the results indicate that apparent volume of distribution and drug clearance from the blood should be treated as independent pharmacokinetic variables. Volume of distribution per se has no effect on clearance or on average steady-state blood levels. Drug binding in nonvascular regions(i.e. tissue binding) seems to be of limited importance except as a determinant of half-life. Although changes in tissue binding will affect partition coefficient and apparent volume of distribution, such changes will have no effect on average steady-state blood levels of either total or free drug.