cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A decentralised conflict and error detection and prediction model

The objective of this research is to study the performance of a newly developed decentralised conflict and error detection and prediction model (CEDPM) over different networks. In the CEDPM, conflict and error (CE) detection and prediction agents are deployed at each collaborative unit to detect and predict CEs, and exchange information with the support of a CE detection and prediction protocol. Two metrics, detection and prediction time and conflict severity, are defined to evaluate CEDPM and CE propagation, respectively, for linear, divergence, convergence, and parallel coordination networks in which different task dependences exist among collaborative units. Experiment results show that the CEDPM performs significantly better for networks with parallel activities. The conflict severity reflects network complexity and increases as the dependence between collaborative units increases. The findings are useful for the design of emerging prognostics systems-of-systems.
A new one-dimensional radiative equilibrium model for investigating atmospheric radiation entropy flux

A new one-dimensional radiative equilibrium model is built to analytically evaluate the vertical profile of the Earth's atmospheric radiation entropy flux under the assumption that atmospheric longwave radiation emission behaves as a greybody and shortwave radiation as a diluted blackbody. Results show that both the atmospheric shortwave and net longwave radiation entropy fluxes increase with altitude, and the latter is about one order in magnitude greater than the former. The vertical profile of the atmospheric net radiation entropy flux follows approximately that of the atmospheric net longwave radiation entropy flux. Sensitivity study further reveals that a ‘darker’ atmosphere with a larger overall atmospheric longwave optical depth exhibits a smaller net radiation entropy flux at all altitudes, suggesting an intrinsic connection between the atmospheric net radiation entropy flux and the overall atmospheric longwave optical depth. These results indicate that the overall strength of the atmospheric irreversible processes at all altitudes as determined by the corresponding atmospheric net entropy flux is closely related to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Early cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer’s disease: Can cholinergic replacement therapy decrease deposition of B-amyloid?

Background: Although it has been known for decades that cholinergic neurons degenerate in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there has been debate about whether this occurs early or late in the disease, and its significance in the progression of the disease. It has been generally accepted that deposition of -amyloid contributes to the degenerative process of AD. Objectives: We have studied the interactions between cholinergic degeneration and deposition of -amyloid to determine how these two parameters relate. Methods: We examined cholinergic activity in post-mortem brains taken from non-demented aged controls, controls with minimal to moderate deposition of -amyloid, and patients diagnosed with AD. We also examined the effect of cholinergic denervation on deposition of -amyloid in a rabbit model of selective cholinergic degeneration. Conclusions: We found significant cortical cholinergic deafferentation at an early stage, in non-demented controls with moderate deposition of -amyloid. These patients may represent a pre-clinical stage of AD. Nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesioning of rabbits produced both cortical cholinergic deafferentation and increased deposition of -amyloid. Although the -amyloid deposition is primarily on the vasculature, the model demonstrates that a cholinergic deficit induces brain accumulation of -amyloid. We also found that M1 muscarinic agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors lowered CNS -amyloid concentrations in normal rabbits, confirming in vitro work demonstrating that M1 receptor activation shifts APP processing into the non-amyloidogenic pathway. Furthermore, treatment of cholinergic lesioned rabbits with muscarinic agonists or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors prevented increased -amyloid deposition. Our aggregate data suggest a fusion of the cholinergic and -amyloid hypotheses: the cholinergic deficit initiates -amyloid deposition through decreased M1 receptor activation and increased amyloidogenic cleavage of APP. If this hypothesis is true, then cholinergic therapy should delay or slow the rate of degeneration in AD. Supporting this, it has been reported that treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors slows functional decline in AD and conversion of MCI to AD. We feel that treatment should begin at the preclinical stage, as both cholinergic neuron loss and deposition of -amyloid are already advanced by the time of first diagnosis. Supported by NIH grants R01NS38674, R15AG17046, P30AG19610-01 (Arizona NIA AD Core Center) and the Arizona AD Research Center.
Active Signal Priority for Light Rail Transit at Grade Crossings

The basic concept and implementation of an active priority system of light rail transit (LRT) for highway—rail grade crossings are presented. The proposed priority system consists of four major components: train detectors, train travel and dwell time predictors, priority request generator (PRG), and traffic signal controllers. As the brain of the system, the PRG adopts a three-scheme conditional priority control strategy. Scheme I, which applies to late LRT trains, features a timing optimization model. The objective of this optimization model is to minimize intersection delays for late trains and meanwhile to minimize impacts on other traffic. Unlike existing signal priority studies, which typically focus on isolated intersections, the proposed model deals with signal timings at multiple intersections and provides an optimized green band for an incoming train. The optimized green band would start at the right time to cover the predicted train arrival time and would be wide enough to accommodate prediction...
Modeling the linear and nonlinear behavior of gallium arsenide p-i-n diode control circuits

A model describing the linear and nonlinear behavior of GaAs p-i-n diodes that includes the effects of the highly anisotropic i-region carrier mobilities is presented. A Volterra series approach is used in the analysis. The nth-order transfer functions of the forward biased p-i-n diode are evaluated to the third order. These transfer functions are used in computing the first-order impedance of the device and the second- and third-order distortion intercept points. Experimental measurements show good agreement with the theoretical calculations, verifying the approach used in the model. >
An alumina catalyzed addition of secondary amines to exocyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones

Abstract A Michael addition of secondary amines to exocyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones has been achieved in excellent yield in the presence of alumina. In the absence of alumina, the reaction does not proceed or takes place in low yield with many side products after a long reaction time.
A useful metric for modular robot motion planning

In this paper we examine the problem of dynamic self-reconfiguration of a class of modular robotic systems referred to as metamorphic systems. A metamorphic robotic system is a collection of mechatronic modules, each of which has the ability to connect, disconnect, and climb over adjacent modules. We define a concept of distance between metamorphic robot configurations which satisfies the formal properties of a metric. This metric, called the optimal assignment metric, is then applied to the automatic self-reconfiguration of metamorphic systems from any initial to any final specified configuration. The technique of simulated annealing is used to drive the re-configuration process with the optimal assignment metric as the cost function. By driving the distance between the present and the goal configuration to zero, sequences of configurations are generated.
COTTONWOOD UNDERSTORY ZONATION AND ITS RELATION TO FLOODPLAIN STRATIGRAPHY

Abstract Species composition in floodplain vegetation is often related to initial floristics, succession, and disturbances such as flooding and herbivory. However, on a braided, cobble-bedded river with contrasting sediment facies, much of the composition of understory vegetation within a cottonwood forest was related to edaphic factors controlled by stream-deposit stratigraphy. Large shifts in understory species composition were more related to soil texture and water availability than deposit age or hydroperiod. Finer-textured and thicker overbank deposits had greater water availability and supported mesic species, while sites with coarse sediments to the surface supported only xeric species. A strong gradient of site moisture corresponded to a gradient in species composition. Soil water potential (Ψs) indicated by pre-dawn xylem water potential (XWPPD) in a shallow-rooted grass reached −4.2 MPa on xeric-species sites in mid-summer; on mesic-species sites, XWPPD was always greater than −1.5 MPa for the s...
Inhibition of myogenesis by ouabain: effect on protein synthesis.

Abstract Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase, causes reversible inhibition of the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes. We further examined this observation to investigate whether control of Na/K-ATPase activity may normally contribute to the regulation of myogenesis. In control cultures, fusion was preceded by a small decrease in intracellular sodium concentration, but intracellular sodium and potassium increased significantly during fusion. Levels of ouabain that produce prolonged inhibition of fusion (400 μM) virtually eliminated sodium and potassium gradients. However, lower ouabain levels (10–100 μM) also produced significant changes in intracellular potassium and/or sodium along with little apparent decrease in the eventual extent of fusion. The effect of ouabain on protein synthesis was also examined. Low levels of ouabain (<50 μM) that did not affect myogenesis also did not affect incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids, while higher conc...
A Survey of Bounded Surgery Theory and Applications

We begin by attempting to answer the question: What is bounded topology and why do people study it?
Rapid Bayesian position reconstruction for gravitational-wave transients

Within the next few years, Advanced LIGO and Virgo should detect gravitational waves from binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole mergers. These sources are also predicted to power a broad array of electromagnetic transients. Because the electromagnetic signatures can be faint and fade rapidly, observing them hinges on rapidly inferring the sky location from the gravitational-wave observations. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for gravitational-wave parameter estimation can take hours or more. We introduce BAYESTAR, a rapid, Bayesian, non-Markov chain Monte Carlo sky localization algorithm that takes just seconds to produce probability sky maps that are comparable in accuracy to the full analysis. Prompt localizations from BAYESTAR will make it possible to search electromagnetic counterparts of compact binary mergers.
A Seedless Grape in the Heart.

A 65-year-old woman was admitted with shortness of breath and chest pain. A computed tomographic angiogram of the chest performed for suspected pulmonary embolism showed a filling defect in the left atrium, concerning for a tumor or thrombus (Figure, A). Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a large mobile mass in the left atrium attached to the interatrial septum with a very short pedicle (Figure, B and Movie I in the online-only Data Supplement). The patient had a history of surgical patent foramen ovale closure with a Prolene suture, mitral valve repair, and saphenous vein bypass graft to the right coronary …
Electroabsorption investigation of the electronic structure of a conjugated polymer

Fifth-order electroabsorption spectroscopy is performed on a spin-coated polydiacetylene, PDA-ClCin-22 film. The spectrum separates two adjacent vibrational states of the material, which cannot be resolved by the linear and the third order spectra. The NLO spectrum is consistent with the model obtained from the time independent perturbation approach.
Management options for pediatric migraine

Once the diagnosis of migraine is established, a balanced, flexible and individually tailored treatment plan can be put in to place. It is important to educate the patient and their family about the diagnosis of migraine and to provide reassurance about the absence of other, life-threatening disorders. Invariably, families have a fear of an underlying malignancy and it is absolutely essential to provide reassurance. Once this point is established, the family will get “on board” with the treatment regimen.
Measurement of the extinction cross section of a single wavelength-sized particle

A method to measure the extinction cross section of a single wavelength-sized particle is described. This method is based on a measurement of interference amplitude in the forward scattering direction using digital holographic microscopy technique.
Interlocking Directorates in Large American Corporations, 1896-1964*

An examination of interlocking directorates in major American businesses since 1896 indicates that the incidence of interlocking has declined considerably in this century.
Discussions on the regulatory requirements for medical device risk management in China

The requirements for risk management in current medical device regulations in China were reviewed, and some suggestions for the future were given.
A lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender dedicated inpatient psychiatric unit in rural New England: a descriptive analysis in demographics, service utilisation and needs

Aims and objectives To develop an understanding of lesbian-, gay-, bisexual-, transgender-specific mental health and substance abuse needs in rural populations and to improve data about sexual orientation and gender identity. Background Existing literature on mental health needs for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations has continued to reveal higher levels of need. Research has also demonstrated that few mental health providers have expertise or comfort in treating lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender clients. Design Descriptive correlational study. Methods A sample (n = 456) of patient records admitted to a rural lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender inpatient psychiatric clinic over 12 months were examined using descriptive statistics. Patient zip code information was used to determine the levels of rurality. Chi-square analysis was used to determine relationships between sexual orientation, rural/urban distinctions and concomitant drug use. Results Unexpectedly, those who identified as heterosexual were significantly more likely to concomitantly abuse alcohol and heroin than those who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender. Patients residing in small or isolated rural areas were more likely to abuse alcohol or synthetics than those residing in urban or micropolitan areas. Conclusions Results of this study concerning substance abuse among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals are not reflective of prior studies. LGBT patients did not demonstrate a higher proportion of substance abuse compared with those identifying as heterosexual. Increased substance abuse among those from rural isolated areas does support prior studies. The context of gathering demographic information on sexual orientation was thought by staff to increase the number of those identifying as heterosexual. Relevance to clinical practice Context in which sensitive questions are asked may affect the accuracy of demographic data. Lack of information regarding patients’ sexual orientation or gender identity may impact perceived need for culturally competent care. Results suggest the need for efforts to provide training for mental health specialists in rural areas to provide sensitive care.
OptSSeq: High-Throughput Sequencing Readout of Growth Enrichment Defines Optimal Gene Expression Elements for Homoethanologenesis

The optimization of synthetic pathways is a central challenge in metabolic engineering. OptSSeq (Optimization by Selection and Sequencing) is one approach to this challenge. OptSSeq couples selection of optimal enzyme expression levels linked to cell growth rate with high-throughput sequencing to track enrichment of gene expression elements (promoters and ribosome-binding sites) from a combinatorial library. OptSSeq yields information on both optimal and suboptimal enzyme levels, and helps identify constraints that limit maximal product formation. Here we report a proof-of-concept implementation of OptSSeq using homoethanologenesis, a two-step pathway consisting of pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) that converts pyruvate to ethanol and is naturally optimized in the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. We used OptSSeq to determine optimal gene expression elements and enzyme levels for Z. mobilis Pdc, AdhA, and AdhB expressed in Escherichia coli. By varying both expression signals and gen...
Ubiquitin and FANC Stress Responses

Publisher Summary Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder affecting less than 1 in 100,000 people. Although FA patients display a wide variety of clinical phenotypes, the disease can generally be characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and an increased susceptibility to cancer and leukemia. FA can be inherited in an autosomal or X-linked recessive manner, as one of the 13 genes associated with the disorder is located on the X chromosome, while the remaining 12 are scattered amongst the autosomes. Diagnosis of FA can be performed prenatally or postnatally using chromosome breakage analysis. Taking advantage of their hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents such as diepoxybutane (DEB) or mitomycin C (MMC), cells derived from FA patients can be distinguished from non-FA cells by their characteristic increase in chromosome breakage upon treatment with drug. This cellular phenotype has led to the belief that the proteins encoded by these genes represent components of a novel DNA repair pathway specific for inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs). Current models prescribe a few significant functions for the core complex in ICL repair including binding to DNA, and its role in the activation of the FA pathway as the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for the mono-ubiquitylation of FANCD2 and FANCI. Mono-ubiquitylation reactions typically involve three types of enzymes that function to modify proteins through the covalent attachment of a single ubiquitin monomer. FA proteins play an important role in the cellular response to oxidative stress.
Analysis of Survival Data from Radiotelemetry Studies

Publisher Summary An animal is captured, fitted with a radio transmitter, and released. From the time of release, the animal's unique radio signal is monitored to determine the animal's fate at more or less regular intervals. For each animal, the investigator must know the date it was radio-marked and released, the date it was last located, and its status when last located. At each location time, the status of each animal is recorded as alive, dead, or missing. Missing animals are considered censored, meaning that the event of interest cannot be observed. This type of censoring is generally referred to as “right censoring” and is caused by such factors as radio failure, topography that inhibits signal reception, and permanent or temporary emigration. As the field of spatial analysis grows, there is a need to integrate survival and spatial analyses. As the ability to assess actual and potential habitat quality improves, the impact of an animal's movements must be modeled through the use of a mosaic of habitat types on its survival. There is also a need to develop stage-structured survival models. These models will, in many cases, mimic time-dependent models, allowing the examination of the impact on survival of an animal moving into a new age class or moving to a lower or higher quality territory.
Human Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Architecture Study Overview

The Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Architecture Study is a multi-NASA center activity to analyze candidate EDL systems as they apply to human Mars landing in the context of the Evolvable Mars Campaign. The study, led by the Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD), is performed in conjunction with the NASA's Science Mission Directorate and the Human Architecture Team, sponsored by NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. The primary objective is to prioritize future STMD EDL technology investments by (1) generating Phase A-level designs for selected concepts to deliver 20 t human class payloads, (2) developing a parameterized mass model for each concept capable of examining payloads between 5 and 40 t, and (3) evaluating integrated system performance using trajectory simulations. This paper summarizes the initial study results.
Dissolved Oxygen Characteristics of Wisconsin Streams

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was continuously monitored at nine rural stream sites throughout Wisconsin. Both cold and warmwater sites had similar mean annual mean DO concentrations. DO minima were due to nighttime respiration and storm runoff with the storm losses being the most severe. A majority of DO standard violations (
A semicircle bow-tie antenna for subsurface radar applications in civil engineering

A modified bow-tie antenna consisting of two semicircle flares fed by a tapered microstrip line is described. Such design allows avoiding separate impedance transformers and baluns that are often poorly matched over the wide frequency band of operation resulting in considerable late-time ringing. The tapered microstrip line using one of the antenna flares as ground plane is used to transform 50 Ohm impedance of the feeding cable to the antenna impedance of around 100 Ohm. The antenna performance was tested experimentally using a concrete member made of heavy density concrete with a metal rod inserted near its center. For the sake of comparison, two other antennas designed for the same frequency band, namely tapered-slot Vivaldi antenna and conventional bow-tie antenna with impedance transformer have been tested in the same scenario.
The Lower Extremity Athlete: Postrehabilitation Performance and Injury Prevention Training

Athletic performance enhancement training techniques are essential for any athlete interested in competing at their highest potential, but there is scarce information available to the rehabilitation specialist in terms of training an athlete postrehabilitation following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) or any lower extremity injury for that matter. The concept of physical qualities that form the foundation of athletic development will be discussed. This commentary is designed to give the clinician the tools to accurately assess the needs of the athlete postrehabilitation. This is helpful in the decision if the athlete is truly ready for performance training or if further rehabilitation is indicated. These tools are also helpful in identifying physical deficits in an otherwise healthy athlete who may be predisposed to a lower extremity injury, such as a noncontact ACL tear, and making recommendations for an injury prevention program. A progressive methodology for program design is outlined for the rehabilitation professional interested in the development of a safe and effective performance training program for the postrehabilitation athlete using evidence-based strength and conditioning principles.
Graphical Stability Criteria for Large-Scale Nonlinear Multiloop Systems

Abstract This paper presents a derivation of stability criteria for nonlinear multiloop systems. A new system description, the Standard Multiloop Form, is used to express system dynamics in terms of scalar subsystems and can be shown to include many of the common vector descriptions of multiloop systems. The stability criteria presented in the paper involve the individual Nyquist plots of the linear scalar subsystems and a certain positivity condition on the nonlinear subsystems. The method allows relatively convenient computations even where the number of subsystems is large.
Liminal Visions: Cinematic Representations of the German and Korean Divides

Drawing upon recent debates in border studies and classical examinations of spectatorial identification, Williams explores the depiction of inner-national borders in films dealing with both the German and also the Korean divides. The four films analyzed are from unified Germany and South Korea, and reveal the ideological issues at stake in capitalist representations of the communist “other.” The objects of study are Margarethe von Trotta’s The Promise (1995), Park Changwook’s JSA (2000), Jim Tae-kyun’s Crossing (2008), and Christian Petzold’s Barbara (2012). Williams explains how these films focus on both direct and indirect border crosses, and how the border spaces depicted range from highly historicized to fantastic and implausible. In all cases, the trope of the inner-national border serves to underscore the propagandistic nature of the films.
Low-dose oxygen therapy in COPD patients: are there any radiation-like risks?

Purpose of reviewLow-dose oxygen (LDO) supplementation is used by millions of COPD patients worldwide. The therapeutic benefits of LDO supplementation are well known. There are also several concerns regarding the potential for cellular harm from LDO in COPD patients. This review summarizes the curre
Hadoop ecosystem as enterprise big data platform: perspectives and practices

Innovation in Hadoop and other related big data technologies in recent past bring on to the table promises around better management of enterprise data at much lesser cost but with more business benefits. However, managing big data environment at enterprise level is an involved task from cost and operational perspectives. Supporting various types of enterprise use cases with different workload patterns in the same cluster, minimising the data movement, assuring different service level agreements (SLAs), ensuring data lineage, veracity, and security are some of the key challenges. In this paper, we delve into these key challenges from practitioners' perspective based on lessons learnt from various big data implementation scenarios. We also discuss the concept of Hadoop ecosystem as big data platform which can potentially address these challenges. Finally, we also provide a prescriptive approach which can help moving towards the vision of enterprise big data platform using Hadoop ecosystem.
Two Recent Applications of Maximum Entropy

Presented here are two applications of the maximum entropy method (MEM) that two of my students have recently worked on. The first of these applications, the quantum mechanical inverse scattering problem, was the subject of a Master’s thesis by John P. Halloran, who is now at the Lockheed California Company, in Burbank, California. Some of the results of that work were reported at the Third Rocky Mountain Southwest Theoretical Physics Conference held in Boulder, Colorado, earlier this year. The second application, the processing of seismic time series, is part of a Ph.D. thesis by Kent E. Noffsinger that is in progress.
Megakaryocyte and Platelet Development and Regulation

Wright (1), in 1906, first reported that blood platelets arise by fragmentation of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes. It was not, however, until many years later that this view was universally accepted. Immunologic (2,3,4) and cytochemical (5) studies, as well as time-lapse photography of megakaryocytes in bone marrow cultures (6,7,8) and in vivo (9), have more recently supplied convincing evidence of the origin of platelets from megakaryocytes.
Conceptual Understanding of Text

In this chapter we discuss a variety of methods for computers to understand written English text, and focus on the FRUMP parser developed at Yale by Gerald DeJong [DeJong, G. 79a].
Honduras: a teaching/learning experience.

Abstract: The author discusses the experiences of a faculty member when taking graduate nursing students to Honduras for a nurse midwifery practicum. Goals and objectives of the program are discussed as well as student feelings about the experience. Key Words: Midwifery; Nurse Midwifery; Undergraduate and Graduate Students in Honduras; Graduate Nurse Midwifery Students in Honduras. In 2006,1 made my second trip to Cholutecas, a small rural village in western Honduras. Sponsored by The Ohio State University and the World Gospel Mission, this annual one-week trip gives faculty members in the College of Nursing an opportunity to provide primary health care to an underserved and impoverished population. Of the five faculty members, two are minority, African American, and both are Certified Nurse Midwives. GEOGRAPHIC DATA Honduras is a country located between the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean just south of El Salvadore. Composed of 48, 000 square miles, it is the poorest country in Central America. In a country which is 97% Catholic, the infant mortality rate is 30.48 per 1,000 live births (2002). Choluteca, with a population of 80,000, has an average daily temperature of 100 degrees. hot and dry, the city still suffers from Hurricane Mitch which devastated the area in 1997. Although there is one major public hospital in the region, with an average income of $2.00 (U.S.) per day, most of the inhabitants have no health insurance. Choluteca has all of the characteristics of a third world country with unpaved streets, water issues and hospital water issues. ORIGINS OF PROGRAM The program started with one nursing student and one faculty member. In 2004, the first nurse practitioner/ midwifery students participated; and in 2006, the program expanded to include 15 students and five faculty members who traveled to this remote village to work in and learn from another culture. Undergraduate students must be seniors and all students, both graduate and undergraduate must pay for their expenses. GOALS OF PROGRAM The primary purpose of the program is to educate staff as well as patients and families, and to provide health care to indigent families with a special emphasis on women's health care, pediatric care and some adult healthcare, for example, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and wound care. BENEFITS OF PROGRAM There are many benefits for both faculty and students derived from this trip. First, the trip provides the opportunity for students to receive practical experiences which they could not get in a clinical agency in the United States while being supervised by experienced faculty. Secondly, the patients benefit from the expert care provided as well as from the teaching imparted by the faculty and the students. …
Review of Recent Enzyme Immobilization Techniques

The art of enzyme immobilization is a rapidly expanding and advancing field. At last count, the immobilization of over 90 different enzymes has been reported in the literature. The compendium of references on immobilized enzymes (1) currently lists 736 papers, 200 of which have been added in the last year. A considerable amount of work on immobilized enzymes is being conducted in industrial research laboratories and has not appeared in the open literature. For an excellent comprehensive review of the methods of preparation and properties of immobilized enzymes the reader is referred to a monograph by Zaborsky (2).
Microlocal Analysis of FIOs with Singularities

Overview In this talk we describe the composition calculus of Fourier Integral Operators (FIOs) with fold and cusp singularities. Such operators appear in many inverse scattering problems, where the composition calculus can be used as a tool for recovering images. In these problems, caustics occur and create artifacts which make the reconstruction more complicated and challenging. The goal is to understand these artifacts, find their strength and try to remove them.
Scaling laws in He 3 induced nuclear fission

Fission excitation functions of compound nuclei in a mass region where shell effects are expected to be very strong are shown to scale exactly according to the transition state prediction once these shell effects are accounted for. Furthermore, the method applied in this paper allows for the model-independent determination of the nuclear shell effects. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Mutagens in Food

In recent years there have been many attempts to determine whether carcinogens are present in our foods. A vast number of separate chemical entities are present in our foods: several thousand as additives and several times this number as natural constituents. In addition, some are present because of contamination or are formed during processing. Although most of these chemicals are present in relatively low concentrations, even very low levels of potent carcinogens could be a potential public health problem. It is therefore a problem to test the very large number of chemicals present in the complex mixture called food to see whether they may be contributing to our risk from cancer. To test whether a single chemical may be a carcinogen in the diet of rodents costs as much as $500,000. Clearly, simpler and less expensive tests should be devised as a screen to help decide which chemicals to test in long-term studies.
Accurate 13-C and 15-N molecular crystal chemical shielding tensors from fragment-based electronic structure theory.

Abstract Standard nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments measure isotropic chemical shifts, but measuring the chemical shielding anisotropy (CSA) tensor can provide additional insights into solid state chemical structures. Interpreting the principal components of these tensors is facilitated by first-principles chemical shielding tensor predictions. Here, the ability to predict molecular crystal CSA tensor components for 13C and 15N nuclei with fragment-based electronic structure techniques is explored. Similar to what has been found previously for isotropic chemical shifts, the benchmarking demonstrates that fragment-based techniques can accurately reproduce CSA tensor components. The use of hybrid density functionals like PBE0 or B3LYP provide higher accuracy than generalized gradient approximation functionals like PBE. Unlike for planewave density functional techniques, hybrid density functionals can be employed routinely with modest computational cost in fragment approaches. Finally, good consistency between the regression parameters used to map either isotropic shieldings or CSA tensor components is demonstrated, providing further evidence for the quality of the models and highlighting that models trained for isotropic shifts can also be applied to CSA tensor components.
The Kalamazoo Electronic Student Portfolio

Recently a group at Kalamazoo College presented themselves with this challenge: How can we help undergraduates articulate the benefits of and connections among their coursework and educational expe...
The Collaboration Between Homeless Shelters and Public Libraries in Addressing Homelessness: A Multiple Case Study

Public librarians are not always able or willing to embrace their role as providers of social and institutional capital for homeless patrons. Yet their position as gatekeepers impels them to do so....
Chiral Superbases with Extended Hydrogen Bond Networks

Extended hydrogen bond networks can substantially increase basicity through stabilization of the resultant conjugate acid. In this study, the chiral superbases (9-11) having anilinyl substituents attached to the prototype superbase 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene 1 are examined using DFT methods (PBE1PBE/6-311+G(d,p). While in the gas phase, these are more basic than 1, in THF solution they are slightly weaker bases than 1. While 9-11 are chiral, their rotational barrier about the Caryl-Caryl bond is about 20 kcal mol-1. Aminonaphthyl substituents (18-20) increase the rotational barrier by about 10 kcal mol-1. As a proof-of-concept, deprotonation of propanal by the chiral bases 9-11 is predicted to have ee's ranging from 58% (with 9) to 95% (with 11). The deprotonation of 4- tert-butylcyclohexanone and cyclohexanoxide by 9 are predicted to have modest (23%) and excellent (97%) ee's, respectively.
Helping daughters succeed: asymmetric distribution of glucose transporter mRNA.

Rapidly proliferating cells growing by glucose fermentation must first transport glucose into the cell. Both budding yeast and human tumor cells utilize members of a conserved family of glucose transporters. In this issue of The EMBO Journal , Stahl et al (2019) reveal that budding yeast cells confer a growth advantage to their daughters using a novel mechanism, the asymmetric distribution to the daughter cell of the mRNA for a specific glucose transporter.
Are Melamine and Its Derivatives the Alternatives for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Fabric Treatments in Infant Clothes?

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and melamine (MEL)-based compounds are used in textile finishing as grease-, stain-, and water-repellents. Here, we investigated the occurrence of a large...
Diagnosis and management of chronic cough: similarities and differences between children and adults

Cough is a natural process that protects the airway. Cough can occur spontaneously or voluntarily. It is considered chronic when it is present for longer than 4 weeks in children or 8 weeks in adults. In both, chronic cough causes patient distress and increased healthcare utilization. Etiologies of pediatric chronic cough include asthma, protracted bacterial bronchitis, tracheomalacia, habit cough, and various systemic disorders. While some diagnoses are identifiable by careful history alone, others require testing guided by specific pointers. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy has been an important tool to identify etiologies of chronic cough that were not otherwise apparent. In adults, asthma and bronchitis are well-defined etiologies of chronic cough, but much chronic cough in adults is largely a conundrum. Reviews of adult chronic cough report that at least 40% of adults with chronic cough have no medical explanation. Gastroesophageal reflux and upper airway cough syndrome (a.k.a. post-nasal drip) have been common diagnoses of chronic cough, but those diagnoses have no support from controlled clinical trials and have been subjected to multiple published critiques. Cough hypersensitivity is considered to be an explanation for chronic cough in adults who have no other confirmed diagnosis. Gabapentin, a neuromodulator, has been associated with a modest effect in adults, as has speech pathology. While habit cough has not generally been a diagnosis in adults, there is evidence for a behavioral component in adults with chronic cough. Treatment for a specific diagnosis provides a better outcome than trials of cough suppression in the absence of a specific diagnosis. More data are needed for chronic cough in adults to examine the hypothesized cough hypersensitivity and behavioral management. This article reviews etiologies and the treatment of chronic cough in children and the conundrum of diagnosing and treating chronic cough in adults.
Bargaining Power, Strike Duration, and Wage Outcomes: an Analysis of Strikes in the 1880s

We study strike durations and outcomes for some 2000 disputes that occurred between 1881 and 1886. Most post-strike bargaining settlements in the 1880s fell into one of two categories: either a union "victory", characterized by a significant wage gain or hours cut, or a union "defeat", characterized by the resumption of work at the previous terms of employment. We find a strong negative relation between strike duration and the value of the settlement to workers. reflecting the declining probability of a union victory among longer strikes. For the subset of strikes over wage increases we estimate a structural model that includes equations for the capitulation times of the two parties and a specification of the wage increase conditional on a union victory. This framework provides a simple index of employees' relative bargaining power. based on the relative time to a union capitulation. Employees' relative bargaining power was higher in disputes involving fewer workers and in union ordered strikes. but substantially lower after the Haymarket Square incident in Chicago in 1886.
Alphabet Soup: HHS, DKA, or Both?

Introduction Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is commonly seen in adults, but can also occur in children and adolescents. Classifying hyperglycemic states correctly is essential to monitor for possible complications. Case Description 15 year old male presented with confusion and vomiting. He had a sore throat for one week, then began having diffuse abdominal cramping and vomiting. On the night of presentation, he was confused and could not stand to ambulate. His mother noted he had been drinking approximately 30 bottles of water per day, urinating frequently, and had increased hunger. …
Babesiosis in the Emergency Department: A Case Report.

Abstract Background Babesiosis, a tick-borne illness spread by Ixodes scapularis, is an emerging infectious disease in the Northeastern and upper Midwestern United States. Infection can present as a flu-like illness with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and jaundice. This disease can even be fatal in the immunocompromised or highly infected patient. Co-infection with other tick-borne illnesses is common, and prompt treatment with antiprotozoal agents and antibiotics is indicated to prevent adverse outcomes. Case Report We describe a patient who presented to the emergency department with flu-like symptoms, but had history concerning for environmental exposure to babesiosis. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Early detection is important to prevent severe sequalae of the disease. This is a disease that can imitate a viral syndrome but should be considered in the differential for a patient with a concerning history.
Regulation of hippocamposeptal input within the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca.

Abstract The medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DBB) receives direct GABAergic input from the hippocampus via hippocamposeptal (HS) projection neurons as part of a reciprocal loop that mediates cognition and is altered in Alzheimer's disease. Cholinergic and GABAergic interactions occur throughout the MS/DBB, but it is not known how HS GABA release is impacted by these circuits. Most HS neurons contain somatostatin (SST), so to evoke HS GABA release we expressed Cre-dependent mCherry/channelrhodopisin-2 (ChR2) in the hippocampi of SST-IRES-Cre mice and then used optogenetics to stimulate HS fibers while performing whole-cell patch clamp recordings from MS/DBB neurons in acute slices. We found that the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) agonist carbachol and the GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist baclofen significantly decreased HS GABA release in the MS/DBB. Carbachol's effects were blocked by eliminating local GABAergic activity or inhibiting GABABRs, indicating that it was indirectly decreasing HS GABA release by increasing GABAergic tone. There was no effect of acute exposure to amyloid-β on HS GABA release. Repetitive stimulation of HS fibers increased spontaneous GABA release in the MS/DBB, revealing that HS projections can modulate local GABAergic tone. These results show that HS GABA release has far-reaching impacts on overall levels of inhibition in the MS/DBB and is under regulatory control by cholinergic and GABAergic activity. This bidirectional modulation of GABA release from local and HS projections in the MS/DBB will likely have profound impact not only on activity within the MS/DBB, but also on output to the hippocampus and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory.
Compact Disc Interactive Design Tutorial and Effect on the Improvement of Learning Network Computer Lessons

This study aims to design an interactive CD wake up in order to improve student learning outcomes in subjects Computer Network. The design of an interactive CD begins with a needs analysis, interactive CD design, followed by testing before being implemented. When finished designed and built, then the interactive CD learning is implemented in Computer Networking. This type of research is classified as a Research and Development as well as descriptive correlation. From the research,it can be concluded: 1). The results of the pretest subjects Computer Networking Students of SMK Muhammadiyah Padang showed by 31.82% to exceed the criterion of completeness Minimum value. 2). Results posttest subjects Computer Networking Students of SMK Muhammadiyah Padangafter using Interactive CD by 59.09% over the KKM. 3). There are significant differences between the learning-based Media Interactive CD Tutorial Computer Networking (Class Experiment) by Learning using conventional methods. 4). There is a significant and positive effect between the perceptions of students about Learning Media Design Interactive CD Tutorial Computer Networking on Student Results Subjects Computer Networks of 42.4 %. In other words, the use of an interactive tutorial CD learning in class XI (TKJ 1) Department of Computer Networks SMK Muhammadiyah Padang can improve learning outcomes Computer Network.
Differential roles of interferons in innate responses to mucosal viral infections.

Interferons (IFNs) are among the first vertebrate immune pathways activated upon viral infection and are crucial for control of viral replication and dissemination, especially at mucosal surfaces as key locations for host exposure to pathogens. Inhibition of viral establishment and spread at and from these mucosal sites is paramount for preventing severe disease, while concomitantly limiting putative detrimental effects of inflammation. Here, we compare the roles of type I, II, and III IFNs in regulating three archetypal viruses – norovirus, herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – which infect distinct mammalian mucosal tissues. Emerging paradigms include highly specific roles for IFNs in limiting local versus systemic infection, synergistic activities, and a spectrum of protective versus detrimental effects of IFNs during the infection response.
Recent Developments in Inorganic Spectroscopy

Based on Prof. Carl Ballhausen’s many major contributions [1, 2] to the fundemental concepts of Ligand Field Theory and Inorganic Spectroscopy, it seems appropriate to focus attention on several areas where significant advances are presently underway. This review will consider three topics.
More than a Farmer's Wife: Voices of American Farm Women, 1910–1960

Review of: "More Than a Farmer's Wife: Voices of American Farm Women, 1910–1960," by Amy Mattson Lauters.
Multi-axis neutron imaging at the National Ignition Facility

Inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) rely on a neutron imager to measure the 2D size and shape of the neutron-producing region in the burning deuterium-tritium plasma. Since the existing neutron imager is located on the equator of the NIF chamber, it provides only one view of the plasma, which complicates understanding the inherently three-dimensional nature of the implosion. Attempts to use x-ray images combined with the neutron image to improve our understanding of the 3D neutron-burn volume have proved to be inconsistent with the fuel mass. This result is understandable since neutrons and x-rays are not produced or propagated in the same manner. Thus, it is desirable to use multiple neutron imagers, and we are designing two neutron imagers on lines of sight that are nearly orthogonal to the current imager, one near the pole of the chamber and one near the equator, for fielding on the NIF in the next five years. In this paper, we will discuss the current designs, including the resolution, field of view and placement in the facility that will be required to use the three orthogonal neutron imagers to measure the neutron burn volume of plasmas at NIF. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.