cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Fbw7 Tumor Suppressor Regulates Nuclear Factor E2-related Factor 1 Transcription Factor Turnover through Proteasome-mediated Proteolysis

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 1 (Nrf1) is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that plays important roles in cellular stress response and development. Currently, the mechanism regulating Nrf1 expression is poorly understood. We report here that Nrf1 is a short-lived protein that is targeted by F-box protein Fbw7, which is the substrate-specifying component of SCF (Skp1-Cul1-Fbox protein-Rbx1)-type ubiquitin ligase for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We show that Fbw7 directly binds Nrf1 through a Cdc4 phosphodegron and that enforced expression of Fbw7 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf1. Conversely, depletion of endogenous Fbw7 leads to decreased Nrf1 ubiquitination and accumulation of Nrf1 protein. Accordingly, expression of Fbw7 leads to down-regulation of antioxidant response element-driven gene activation, whereas disruption of Fbw7-mediated destabilization of Nrf1 leads to increased antioxidant response element-driven gene expression. Together, these data identify Fbw7 as a regulator of Nrf1 expression and reveal a novel function of Fbw7 in cellular stress response.
INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL STIMULI ON THE SECRETORY RATE OF THE AVIAN NASAL SALT GLAND.

IT was noticed during a series of experiments dealing with the functional capacity of the salt gland of sea-gulls that an increase in secretion rate was occasionally associated with ‘alertness’ caused by distant moving objects or from sudden noises.
Clinical relevance of detectable but not quantifiable hepatitis C virus RNA during boceprevir or telaprevir treatment.

Boceprevir- and telaprevir-based treatments for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection use specific response-guided therapy (RGT) guidelines. Eligibility for shortened treatment duration is based on achieving undetectable HCV RNA early during treatment. It is unclear whether a detected HCV RNA level that is below the assay lower limit of quantitation (detectable/BLOQ) is comparable to an undetectable HCV RNA level for RGT decision making. We analyzed data from boceprevir and telaprevir clinical trials to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the frequency and clinical relevance of detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA measurements. In Phase 3 trials P05216 (boceprevir), C216 (telaprevir), and 108 (telaprevir), detectable/BLOQ levels were reported for approximately 10%-20% of all on-treatment HCV RNA measurements. In P05216 and C216, subjects with detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA, on average, had a reduced sustained virologic response (SVR) rate compared with subjects with undetectable HCV RNA at the same on-treatment timepoint. At key RGT timepoints (week 8 for boceprevir, week 4 for telaprevir), subjects with detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA had an approximately 20% lower SVR rate compared with subjects with undetectable HCV RNA, and this difference widened for later on-treatment timepoints. A similar trend was observed for Study 108, but the differences in SVR rates were modest, potentially explained by a higher frequency of reported detectable/BLOQ results. Analyses of Phase 2 boceprevir and telaprevir trials indicated subjects with detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA at RGT timepoints benefited from extended treatment duration. Conclusion: During boceprevir- and telaprevir-based treatment, subjects with detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA had a reduced virologic response compared with subjects with undetectable HCV RNA. Eligibility for shortened treatment duration should be based on achieving undetectable HCV RNA (i.e., HCV RNA not detected) at RGT decision timepoints. (Hepatology 2012)
A Re-Solving Heuristic with Bounded Revenue Loss for Network Revenue Management with Customer Choice

We consider a network revenue management problem with customer choice and exogenous prices. We study the performance of a class of certainty-equivalent heuristic control policies. These heuristics periodically re-solve the deterministic linear program (DLP) that results when all future random variables are replaced by their average values and implement the solutions in a probabilistic manner. We provide an upper bound for the expected revenue loss under such policies when compared to the optimal policy. Using this bound, we construct a schedule of re-solving times such that the resulting expected revenue loss, obtained by re-solving the DLP at these times and implementing the solution as a probabilistic scheme, is bounded by a constant that is independent of the size of the problem.
β-endorphin: A pituitary peptide with potent morphine-like activity

Abstract The morphine-like peptide, β-endorphin, from pituitary glands of various species including man, has been characterized chemically and biologically. It is a 31-amino acid peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence of residues 61–91 of β-lipotropin. It possesses potent analgesic activity when injected intracerebroventricularly or intravenously. In addition to analgesic activity, β-endorphin causes behavioral changes in experimental animals. This paper presents current knowledge of this psychopharmacologically active peptide.
Parasexual Cycle in Cultivated Human Somatic Cells

Somatic segregation for three different autosomes was demonstrated in two strains of human diploid fibroblasts derived from subjects known to be heterozygous for chromosomal variants. Recombinant diploid cells appeared within cultures of tetraploid clones isolted from mass cultures. Tetraploid cells regularly occur in mass cultures and within clones of diploid cells. Such a parasexual cycle (2n-->4n-->2n), with recombination of entire linkage groups, could from the basis of a beginning formal genetic analysis in man.
Effect of left ventricular septal myectomy on concurrent mitral regurgitation.

Abstract To assess the impact of left ventricular septal myectomy (Morrow procedure) performed for obstructive hypertrophic subaortic stenosis on co-existing mitral regurgitation, we examined the preoperative and postoperative left ventriculograms of 35 patients (13 of them women) who underwent left ventricular septal myectomy alone or with concomitant operation. The mean age was 45 ± 3 years (range, 19 to 74 years). Patients underwent left ventriculography at an average of 15 ± 3 months postoperatively (range, 1 to 78 months). Severity of mitral reurgitation was evaluated by two teams of reviewers. Mitral regurgitation due to catheter entrapment or to premature ventricular contraction or other arrhythmia was excluded. Overall, 51% of patients showed improvement in the severity of mitral regurgitation, and all those with more severe mitral regurgitation (ie, 3+) demonstrated improvement. The population was subdivided for analysis into those with coronary artery disease requiring bypass grafting at the time of left ventricular septal myectomy (n = 7, 20%) and those without coronary artery bypass grafting. Among the 7 patients undergoing bypass grafting, 71% demonstrated improvement in the degree of mitral regurgitation as compared with only 46% of those without bypass grafting ( p χ 2 analysis). Significant reductions in peak gradients at rest and in response to provocation, and in New York Heart Association functional class, also occurred in both groups.
Comparison of Flow Direction Algorithms in the Application of the CTI for Mapping Wetlands in Minnesota

Topography has been traditionally used as a surrogate to model spatial patterns of water distribution and variation of hydrological conditions. In this study, we investigated the use of light detection and ranging (lidar) data to derive two Single Flow Direction (SFD) and five Multiple Flow Direction (MFD) algorithms in the application of the compound topographic index (CTI) for mapping wetlands. The CTI is defined here as ln [(α)/(tan (β)], where α represents the local upslope contributing area and β represents the local slope gradient. We evaluated the following flow direction algorithms: D8, Rho8, DEMON, D-∞ MD-∞, Mass Flux, and FD8 in three ecoregions in Minnesota. Numerous studies have found that MFD algorithms better represent the spatial distribution of water compared to SFD algorithms. CTI maps were compared to field collected and image interpreted reference data using traditional remote sensing accuracy estimators. Overall accuracy results for the majority of CTI based algorithms were in the range of 81–92 %, with low errors of wetland omission. The results of this study provide evidence that 1) wetlands can be accurately identified using a lidar derived CTI, and 2) MFD algorithms should be preferred over SFD algorithms in most cases for mapping wetlands.
Light intensification by cone oil droplets: electromagnetic considerations

Cone oil droplets are highly retractile, optically dense spheres located in front of the cone outer segment. Because of their refractile strength, absorbance, and size, these spherical oil droplets have a pronounced influence on the light reaching the photopigment. We used electromagnetic scattering theory to interrelate these factors, and we calculated the light energy distribution around cone oil droplets modeled as isolated spheres. The necessary electromagnetic parameters were determined from anatomical and optical measurements in the turtle retina. Cone and oil-droplet dimensions were determined with a light microscope. The index-of-refraction values for the red, yellow, orange, and clear oil droplets were measured to be 1.69, 1.55, 1.51, and 1.48, respectively, by the technique of immersion matching. The application of the electromagnetic scattering theory suggests that oil droplets significantly increase cone sensitivity. Cone action spectra predicted by this analysis show that the largest increases occur around the absorption maximum of each cone’s photopigment.
The logical design of a digital computer for a large-scale real-time application

The Lincoln Laboratory and International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) have, over the past 3 years, worked out the design for a new digital computer which is the central component of a large-scale real-time system. In this system, data from a large number of sources are fed automatically into the computer where they are processed under programmed control. A complete compilation of the real-time situation is compiled by the computer and presented to operators by means of a special display system. The computer automatically generates control commands for the external environment in response to corrections and command information fed into it by the operators.
Correlates of self-perceptions of spirituality in American adults

To advance knowledge in the study of spirituality and physical health, we examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and attitudinal correlates of self-perceptions of spirituality. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 1,422 adult respondents to the 1998 General Social Survey. They were asked, among other things, to rate themselves on the depth of their spirituality and the depth of their religiousness. Results indicated that, after adjustment for religiousness, self-perceptions of spirituality were positively correlated with being female (r = .07, p < .01), having a higher education (r = .12, p < .001), and having no religion (r = .10, p < .001) and inversely correlated with age (r = -.06, p < .05) and being Catholic (r = -.08, p < .01). After adjustment for these sociodemographic factors, self-perceptions of spirituality were associated with high levels of religious or spiritual activities (range in correlations = .12–.38, all p < .001), low cynical mistrust, and low political conservatism (both r = -.08, p < .01). The population was divided into 4 groups based on their self-perceptions of degree of spirituality and degree of religiousness. The spiritual and religious group had a higher frequency of attending services, praying, meditating, reading the Bible, and daily spiritual experience than any of the other 3 groups (all differences p < .05) and had less distress and less mistrust than the religious-only group (p < .05 for both). However, they were also more intolerant than either of the nonreligious groups (p < .05 for both) and similar on intolerance to the religious-only group. We conclude that sociodemographic factors could confound any observed association between spirituality and health and should be controlled. Moreover, individuals who perceive themselves to be both spiritual and religious may be at particularly low risk for morbidity and mortality based on their good psychological status and ongoing restorative activities.
An Epstein-Barr virus protein interacts with Notch

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamHI A mRNAs were originally identified in cDNA libraries from nasopharyngeal carcinoma, where they are expressed at high levels. The RNAs are differentially spliced to form several open reading frames and also contain the BARF0 open reading frame at the 3′ end. One cDNA, RK-BARF0, included a potential endoplasmic reticulum-targeting signal peptide sequence. The RK-BARF0 protein is shown here to interact with the Notch4 ligand binding domain, using yeast two-hybrid screening, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy. This interaction induces translocation of a portion of the full-length unprocessed Notch4 to the nucleus by using the Notch nuclear localization signal. These effects of RK-BARF0 on Notch intracellular location indicate that EBV possibly modulates Notch signaling. Unprocessed Notch4 was also detected in immunoprecipitated complexes from EBV-infected cells by using a rabbit antiserum raised against a BARF0-specific peptide. This finding provides additional evidence for expression of RK-BARF0 and its interaction with Notch during EBV infection. In EBV-infected, EBNA2-negative cells, RK-BARF0 induced the expression of EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), and this induction was dependent on the RK-BARF0/Notch interaction domain. The activation of LMP1 expression by RK-BARF0 may be responsible for expression of LMP1 in EBV latent infections in the absence of EBNA2.
Microporous silica membranes deposited on porous supports by filtration

Abstract Water based particulate silica sols have been coated onto Anodisc® filters by filtration. The membranes prepared by this technique are more uniform than those formed by slip-casting. The average diameter of the silica particles used in these studies is 6 nm. Unsupported silica membranes formed from these sols have a microporous structure. The adhesion between silica and the alumina support is influenced by the sol pH. Coating thickness can be controlled by the concentration and volume of the sol filtered. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to improve adhesion and to prevent cracking during drying. When the PVA/SiO 2 ratio by weight is less than 20%, the membranes retain their microporosity after firing. The membranes prepared by this filtration method have their pore size in Knudsen diffusion range.
Energy Transfer From High-to Low-Frequency Modes in a Flexible Structure via Modulation

An experimental study of the response of axially-symmetric (i.e., circular cross section) cantilever beams to planar external excitations is presented. Because of the axial symmetry, one-to-one internal resonances occur at each natural frequency. These resonances cause the planar motions to lose stability and nonplanar (Whirling) motions are observed. Under certain conditions, periodically- and chaotically-modulated motions may occur. In addition, when the beam is excited near one of its high natural frequencies, large first-mode response accompanied by slow modulations of the amplitudes and phases of high-frequency modes are observed
Analysis of the temperature and excitation intensity dependencies of photoluminescence in undoped GaN films

Steady-state photoluminescence (PL) from undoped wurtzite GaN has been studied in detail over a wide range of temperatures and excitation intensities. Both the observed steps in the temperature dependence of the PL intensity, and the nonlinear dependence of the PL intensity on excitation power for different PL bands are quantitatively explained by competition between different recombination channels. Hole-capture cross sections, defect concentrations, and thermal activation energies of the main acceptors in undoped GaN are estimated from the analysis of temperature and excitation intensity dependencies of the PL.
Fully benzenoid systems revisited

Abstract Fully benzenoid hydrocarbons are benzenoid hydrocarbons in which benzene rings of a polycyclic benzenoid system are either assigned to isolated π sextets or are shown as “empty”. For a number of polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons we examined Kekule valence structures in order to characterize those that contribute to Clar's valence formulae depicting π sextets. We found that a particular weighting approach to Kekule valence structures can result in a structural formula which in a number of benzenoids coincides with their Clar structure. The weights are determined by the smallest Pauling bond order that occurs for CC double bonds appearing in a Kekule valence structure. All valence structures which have maximal weights upon superposition produce a molecular structural formula which in some fully benzenoid systems coincides with Clar's representation but in others suggests a structure with fewer π sextets, suggesting, so to speak, less “perfect” fully benzenoid systems.
HLA-DR characterization of a Chippewa Indian subpopulation with high prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract The adult population ( N =227) of a Chippewa Indian reservation in Central Minnesota is characterized by a high prevalence of arthropathy with 7.1% having rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a prospective study 168 reservation residents (74%) were evaluated. Complete HLA typing identified 57 haplotypes, many of which probably arose via HLA-A/B or B/D recombination. The number of founder haplotypes appeared to be about 20. The population frequency of DR4 (including DRw9, formerly designated 4 × 7) was 67%; for RA it was 100% ( p Apparent DR4 homozygotes, a number of the RA patients, and family members were selected for further study in a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) test and with 8th International Workshop cellular and serologic reagents. In MLC with homozygous typing cells (HTC), none of the DR4 + cells typed for any known HLA-D specificity, although they reacted to all DR4 antisera on the local panel. However, 8th International Workshop DR antisera revealed patterns of reactivity with non-DR4 reagents consistent with the MLC. A minimum of three DR4 variants, one DRw9 variant, and a specificity related to both DR4 and DR2 are required to explain both the cellular and serologic reactions. For the present, we are designating the antigens as DR4.1 Chip , DR4.2 Chip , DR4.3 Chip , DR9 Chip , and DR(2 × 4) Chip . No single variant of DR4 was characteristic of the RA patients in this Amer-indian population.
He$sub 3$$sup +$ AND He$sub 4$$sup +$ IN 300$sup 0$K HELIUM PLASMAS: THEIR EFFECT ON RECOMBINATION LOSS OF ELECTRONS.

The work reported here establishes the existence of $\mathrm{He}_{3}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{He}_{4}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ at room temperature (300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) in a helium afterglow. The data presented in this paper indicate that the often-measured electron-ion recombination coefficient in 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K helium afterglows is mainly attributable to electron recombination with $\mathrm{He}_{3}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ rather than, as is usually assumed, with the dominant ion $\mathrm{He}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$.
Correlated measurements of free and total intracellular calcium concentration in central nervous system neurons.

Transient changes in the intracellular concentration of free calcium ([Ca2+])i) act as a trigger or modulator for a large number of important neuronal processes. Such transients can originate from voltage- or ligand-gated fluxes of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm from the extracellular space, or by ligand- or Ca2+(-)gated release from intracellular stores. Characterizing the sources and spatio-temporal patterns of [Ca2+]i transients is critical for understanding the role of different neuronal compartments in dendritic integration and synaptic plasticity. Optical imaging of fluorescent indicators sensitive to free Ca2+ is especially suited to studying such phenomena because this approach offers simultaneous monitoring of large regions of the dendritic tree in individual living central nervous system neurons. In contrast, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis provides quantitative information on the amount and location of intracellular total, i.e., free plus bound, calcium (Ca) within specific subcellular dendritic compartments as a function of the activity state of the neuron. When optical measurements of [Ca2+]i transients and parallel EDX measurements of Ca content are used in tandem, and correlated simultaneously with electrophysiological measurements of neuronal activity, the combined information provides a relatively general picture of spatio-temporal neuronal total Ca fluctuations. To illustrate the kinds of information available with this approach, we review here results from our ongoing work aimed at evaluating the role of various Ca uptake, release, sequestration, and extrusion mechanisms in the generation and termination of [Ca2+]i transients in dendrites of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices during and after synaptic activity. Our observations support the long-standing speculation that the dendritic endoplasmic reticulum acts not only as an intracellular Ca2+ source that can be mobilized by a signal cascade originating at activated synapses, but also as a major intracellular Ca sink involved in active clearance mechanisms after voltage- and ligand-gated Ca2+ influx.
A new prediction for the binding energy of the 7ΛHe hypernucleus

P-shell A = 7 hypernuclei are considered in the cluster {sup 5}{sub {lambda}}He + N + N model. The folding procedure using the OBE simulating (NSC97f) model for {Lambda}N potential and various {alpha}{lambda} potentials are applied to construct the {sup 5}{sub {lambda}}He-N interaction. Configuration space Faddeev calculations are performed for the hyperon binding energy of the {sup 7}{sub {lambda}}He(1/2{sup +}) and {sup 7}{sub {lambda}}Li(1/2{sup +} and 3/2{sup +}, T = 0) hypernuclei. The new predicted value for B{sub {lambda}}({sup 7}{sub {lambda}}He) is 5.35 MeV. This value was obtained with the {sup 6}{sub {lambda}}He(2{sup -}) excitation energy equal to 0.26 MeV. Since the 2{sup -} state of {sup 6}{sub {lambda}}He has not yet been observed, the {sup 6}{sub {lambda}}He(2{sup -}) excitation energy was chosen to reproduce the experimental value of the {sup 7}{sub {lambda}}Li(3/2{sup +}) excitation energy by the adjustment of the {sup 5}{sub {lambda}}He-N effective potential.
The functional significance of nuclear receptor acetylation

Abstract The endocrine signaling governing nuclear receptor (NR) function has been known for several decades to play a crucial role in the onset and progression of several tumor types. Notably among these are the estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. Other nuclear receptors may be involved in cancer progression including the peroxisome-proliferator activating receptor gamma (PPARγ), which has been implicated in breast, thyroid, and colon cancers. These NR are phylogenetically conserved modular transcriptional regulators, which like histones, undergo post-translational modification by acetylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Importantly, the transcriptional activity of the receptors is governed by the coactivator p300, the activity of which is thought to be rate-limiting in the activity of these receptors. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), modify histones by adding or removing an acetyl group from the ɛ amino group of lysines within an evolutionarily conserved lysine motif. Histone acetylation results in changes in chromatin structure in response to specific signals. These enzymes can also directly catalyze the NRs themselves, thus modifying signals at the receptor level. The post-translational modification of NR which is regulated by hormones, alters the NR function toward a growth promoting receptor. The deacetylation of NR is mediated by TSA-sensitive and NAD-dependent deacetylases. The regulation of NR by NAD-dependent enzymes provides a direct link between intracellular metabolism and hormone signaling.
SU‐GG‐J‐142: Investigation of MIP PET in Motion‐Encompassing Methods to Account for Respiratory Motion in Radiotherapy

Purpose: Radiation treatment planning with PET/CT has been shown to be beneficial and leads to smaller variations in target delineation than using CT only. This study investigates the 3D maximum intensity projection (MIP) PET images derived from respiratory‐gated 4D PET as a complement to the MIP CT derived from a 4D CT dataset and their use in treatment planning as a means to account for respiratory motion in free‐breathing radiotherapy for lung and abdomen tumors. Methods and materials: 21 PET/CT patient datasets with 31 lesions were acquired. The patient respiratory motion was monitored by the Real‐time Position Management system. PET listmode data were phase‐binned into 5 frames and reconstructed. 3D MIP PET images were derived from the 5‐bin 4D PET datasets. Tumor volumes were determined by an automatic segmentation method and compared for the MIP PET and static PET images. The tumor motion amplitude was determined by measuring the centroid in phase‐gated images. The impact of tumor size and motion amplitude were investigated. In addition, PET data were binned into 10 frames to study the noise change in MIP PET. The comparison between the MIP PET and MIP CT is under study. Results: Compared to static PET, the tumor volumes in the MIP PET increased by 10% 14%, with a maximum increase of 44%. The volume increases are larger for the smaller tumors sizes and larger motion amplitudes. The imagenoise of the MIP PET is higher than in static PET and increases with number of phase bins. Conclusion: The MIP PET has a potential to complement MIP CT to inform the radiation treatment planning for motion‐encompassing radiotherapy by accounting for respiratory motion.
An evaluation of traditional and alternative mental health facilities

Traditional mental health facilities were compared with alternative mental health facilities on their response to a crisis situation. Over one-third of the total sample of facilities (n = 50) did not respond with any help. Alternative facilities gave more direct counseling than did traditional facilities, indicating the particular suitability of alternative facilities for crisis intervention.
Families of methods for ordinary differential equations based on trigonometric polynomials

Abstract We consider the construction of methods based on trigonometric polynomials for the initial value problems whose solutions are known to be periodic. It is assumed that the frequency w can be estimated in advance. The resulting methods depend on a parameter ν = hw , where h is the step size, and reduce to classical multistep methods if ν → 0. Gautschi [4] developed Adams and Stormer type methods. In our paper we construct Nystrom's and Milne-Simpson's type methods. Numerical experiments show that these methods are not sensitive to changes in w , but require the Jacobian matrix to have purely imaginary eigenvalues.
Lower Extremity and Renal Ischemia Following Renal Transplantation —A Case Report

Renal transplantation in the older recipient has become commonplace. As the age range continues to widen, it is inevitable that one encounters age-related complications in this group, particularly that of advanced atherosclerosis. Lit erature regarding the management of patients with a previously transplanted kidney requiring proximal arterial replacement is available; however, manage ment strategies of acute inflow abnormalities during transplantation is lacking. The authors describe the identification, treatment, and outcome of a patient with acute ischemia of a newly transplanted kidney and ipsilateral extremity runoff, as a direct result of inflow abnormalities.
Biosynthesis of the oogoniols, steroidal sex hormones of Achlya: the role of fucosterol

Abstract Fucosterol-[3- 3 H] was converted to the oogoniols, sex hormones of Achlya , in A. heterosexualis . A similar conversion occurred in A. ambisexualis provided antheridiol was added.
SYNTHESES AND REACTIONS OF THE COMPLEXES (η5-C5Me5)Re(CO)2(C6CL5–nHn)Cl (n = 2,3): COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM INITIAL C—CI ACTIVATION

Abstract The UV irradiation of (η5-C5Me5)Re(CO)3 in the presence of 1,2,4,5-C6Cl4H2 and 1,3,5-C6Cl3H3 (λ = 350 nm, hexane solution) effected intramolecular C—Cl activation, generating the complexes trans-(η5-C5Me5)Re(CO)2(2,4,5-C6Cl5-nHn)Cl, ((1), n = 2; (2), n = 3), respectively. Complex (1) dissolved in polar organic solvents produces, an equilibrium mixture with its cis isomer. The reaction of (1) with AgBF4, in acetonitrile, led to formation of the cationic complex [cis-(η5-C5Me5)Re(CO)2(2,4,5-C6Cl3H2)(MeCN)]+. The tetramethylfulvene complex (η6-C5Me4CH2)Re(CO)2(2,4,5-C6Cl3H2) (3) was obtained by reacting the cationic complex with the fluorinating agent Et3N′3HF.
Search for changes of stoichiometry in YBa2Cu3O7 thin films subjected to high current at 77 K

Abstract Mass transport leading to changes in stoichiometry has recently been reported in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) thin films after prolonged exposure to DC current below the critical current density at temperatures below the transition temperature. These results imply a serious obstacle for high current applications. In this paper we have searched for stoichiometric changes after passing a high DC current through an epitaxial YBCO film by probing the region of interest using electron microprobe analysis. No significant changes in stoichiometry, nor in transition temperature, room temperature resistance, critical current density or morphology were observed.
Inside-out complete tonsillectomy: extended intracapsular tonsillectomy for severe sore throat.

Objectives:This consecutive case series is presented to describe inside-out complete tonsillectomy and to assess its effects on postoperative pain and bleeding and its initial effectiveness in controlling recurrent sore throat and peritonsillar abscess formation.Methods:Bipolar electrosurgical scissors are used for bloodless resection of 90% of the tonsillar mass. During controlled resection, tonsil tissue is intentionally left at the superior and inferior poles and at the deepest part of the tonsillar fossa to provide coverage for nutrient arteries and the tonsillar plexus of veins. This tissue is then electrodesiccated and removed under direct vision and indirect mirror guidance to achieve complete tonsillectomy.Results:One hundred eighty-three consecutive tonsillectomies were performed by a single surgeon in a 16-month period, 47 of which were for the indication of recurrent sore throat (44) or recurrent peritonsillar abscess (3). Among these 47 children, there were 2 readmissions for dehydration. Ther...
Laser Frequency Stabilization Techniques and Applications

A review of progress in laser stabilization techniques and laser frequency measurement is given. Methods for relating laser frequencies to the time standard and methods for absolute laser frequency stabilization are described. Experimental information on reproducibility and noise characteristics is reported. Application to frequency and wavelength standards is discussed.
The Fallujah awakening: a case study in counter-insurgency

The successful pacification of Fallujah in 2007 during the Anbar Awakening movement was due to the coordinated efforts of US and Iraqi forces to physically and psychologically separate the people from the insurgency. Efforts along security, political, and development lines along with a robust tribal effort eliminated the armed insurgency and set the basis for victory in the area. But a synchronized delivery of these resources was insufficient to defeat the insurgency by itself absent the population's decision to turn against the insurgents. This process began to occur in 2006 and was successfully capitalized upon by Coalition Forces in Fallujah in 2007.
Beyond Standard Adjuvant Therapy for Colon Cancer: Role of Nonstandard Interventions

Epidemiologic and scientific research indicates that diet and other lifestyle factors have a significant influence on the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Obesity, consumption of red meat, a Western pattern diet, alcohol, and smoking influence one's risk of developing colorectal cancer while physical activity, vitamin D, postmenopausal estrogen use, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease one's risk. Until recently, it was largely unknown if any of these modifiable factors influence the outcomes of patients already diagnosed with colorectal cancer. However, data are emerging of factors that may influence disease recurrences and mortality for colorectal cancer survivors. Prospective observational studies have shown that increased exercise after diagnosis and avoidance of a Western pattern diet are associated with reduced risk of cancer recurrence and improved overall survival in early-stage colorectal cancer after standard therapy. Patients with class II and III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥35 kg/m(2)) have a modestly increased risk of recurrence. Regular use of aspirin or cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors decrease recurrence rates and increase serum vitamin D levels. In contrast, change of weight after diagnosis or smoking status (never, past, or current) are not associated with outcomes after diagnosis. The data supporting these observations will be reviewed, potential mechanisms of actions will be discussed, and the next steps forward will be proposed.
LET-99 inhibits lateral posterior pulling forces during asymmetric spindle elongation in C. elegans embryos

Cortical pulling on astral microtubules positions the mitotic spindle in response to PAR polarity cues and G protein signaling in many systems. In Caenorhabditis elegans single-cell embryos, posterior spindle displacement depends on Galpha and its regulators GPR-1/2 and LIN-5. GPR-1/2 and LIN-5 are necessary for cortical pulling forces and become enriched at the posterior cortex, which suggests that higher forces act on the posterior spindle pole compared with the anterior pole. However, the precise distribution of cortical forces and how they are regulated remains to be determined. Using spindle severing, single centrosome assays, and centrosome fragmentation, we show that both the anterior and posterior cortices generate more pulling force than the lateral-posterior region. Lateral inhibition depends on LET-99, which inhibits GPR-1/2 localization to produce a bipolar GPR-1/2 pattern. Thus, rather than two domains of cortical force, there are three. We propose that the attenuation of lateral forces prevents counterproductive pulling, resulting in a higher net force toward the posterior that contributes to spindle elongation and displacement.
Effect of paraquat on zinc content of rat lung.

Abstract Chronic respiratory disease (CRD)-free rats (225–350 g) of the Sprague-Dawley strain were used in this study. In these animals, paraquat has a 7-day LD50 of approximately 41 mg/kg (ip). A series of doses of paraquat, including some below and above the median lethal dose, was selected in order to assess dose-response change in lung zinc content. When administered in a dose of 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/kg, paraquat produces a dose-related diminution in lung zinc. This reduction occurs within 4 hr. Paraquat (50 mg/kg) also produces an elevation in liver and kidney zinc, while having no effect on heart on spleen zinc. The respective changes in lung and liver zinc are not permanent since values return to normal approximately 80 days following treatment. Other agents injurious to the lung (ozone and thiourea) did not significantly alter lung zinc content.
Susceptibilities of adult Hippelates eye gnats to insecticidal deposits.

Susceptibilities of eye gnats, Hippelates pusio Loew and H. pallipes (Loew), to deposits of 17 insecticides were determined under laboratory conditions. The two species exhibited similar susceptibilities. The most toxic chernicals were Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-phosphorothioate), ronnel, fenthion, diazinon, malathion, dimethoate, naled, and dieldrin. Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) was moderately toxic. Lower toxicity was exhibited by dimetilan, propoxur, crotoxyphos and trichlorofon. Very low toxicity was exhibited by lindane and DDT and extremely low toxicity by Abate® (O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate O,O -diester with 4,4'-thiodiphenol) and methoxychlor.
Reserve-Asset Preferences and the Confidence Problem in the Crisis Zone

I. Introduction, 688. — II. Restraints on the portfolio-management incentive for gold conversion, 689. — III. The adjustment-signaling incentive for gold conversion, 692. — IV. Summary and conclusions, 694.
The Influence of A Priori Knowledge Spillover on Corporate Venture Capital Investment

Despite the best efforts of firms to limit the outward flow of knowledge, a certain level of knowledge spillover is inevitable due to the public good nature of knowledge. Yet little work has consid...
Screening potato ( Solanum ) species for male fertility under heat stress

Heat stress limits botanical seed production by inhibiting flowering, pollen production and pollen viability. Three accessions (PIs) of each of 23 diverseSolanum species were screened for stability of fertility parameters under heat stress. Seedlings were grown to flowering in temperate conditions (16–25 C), then treated with three weeks of heat stress of up to 45 C for 4–6 hours per day at midday with nighttime lows of 18 C, and compared to temperate-grown controls. A highly significant effect of species, temperature, and their interaction was detected for flowering. This means species were inherently different and heat had a general depressing effect, but the degree of that effect varied among species. While most species had little flowering in the hot house,S. commersonii andmicrodontum flowered significantly more there than in the temperate house. Of species which flowered in hot conditions, some shed no pollen and some had good shed of mostly dead pollen, but onlyS. commersonii, jamesii, kurtzianum andmegistacrolobum had good flowering, pollen shed and viability. This work is expected to contribute to the study of the genetic and physiological bases of heat stress fertility, true potato seed (TPS) breeding, and possibly improvement of tomato production under heat stress.
Expression of mRNA for the elav-like neural-specific RNA binding protein, HuD, during nervous system development.

The expression of mRNA for the neuronal antigen HuD (Elavl4) associated with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and sensory neuronopathy was evaluated in the developing and adult rat nervous system. Using RNase protection assay and non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry HuD expression was shown to be expressed at high levels at the earliest time point observed (E15), but declined significantly during the first postnatal week to levels which were maintained into adulthood. In the adult, HuD expression became restricted primarily to large pyramidal-like neurons. Exceptions of note were many smaller neurons within a variety of thalamic nuclei. Expression of HuD was observed to be coincident with terminal differentiation of all neuronal structures evaluated regardless of the timing of their development, providing correlative evidence for a role in neuronal differentiation or the maintenance of neuronal phenotype. The marked restriction of HuD mRNA expression with maturity suggests that its functional role in adult neurons varies significantly throughout the CNS.
Utilization of polymeric materials in laser fusion target fabrication

Abstract A variety of coating techniques are described that are used for depositing uniform films of a predetermined thickness and high surface quality of a laser fustion target ( LFT ). The first coating method involves the thermal cleavage of di- p -xylylene. The product of this thermal treatment polymerizes readily to poly( p -xylylene). Addition of pendent groups onto the dimer di- p -xylylene extends the usefulness of this coating method. The modified dimers deposit films at significantly higher rates and with improved surface quality compared to films produced from the unmodified dimer. Spherulitic morphology is eliminated and the degree of crystallinity is decreased with the addition of pendent moieties on the phenylene ring. This reduction in the size of the morphological units significantly reduces the surface perturbations caused by these structures, giving rise to target coatings with the required smoothness. Complete elimination of all spherulites and also all lamellae (i.e., crystallinity) occurs with the glow discharge polymerization technique. The glow discharge polymerization of p -xylene is used to coat a LFT rapidly with a highly crosslinked, amorphous, transparent film having a high surface quality. The system is designed to eliminate powders from depositing on the target's surface. Finally, a technique is described for depositing inorganic and/or organic coatings using dilute aqueous solutions of colloidal particles. This method is unique in that the films are composed of layers of particles with each layer possessing the identical surface charge and chemical makeup.
Localizing Antithrombotic and Vasodilatory Activity with a Novel, Ultrafast Nitric Oxide Donor

Reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with l-proline in methanolic sodium methoxide yields a diazeniumdiolate product, C5H7N3O4Na2·CH3OH (PROLI/NO), that can be stabilized in basic solution but that dissociates to proline (1 mol) and NO (2 mol) with a half-life of only 1.8 s at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. This kinetic behavior has allowed the generation of highly localized antiplatelet and vasodilatory effects. By infusing solutions containing 4 μM PROLI/NO in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide at the rate of 1 nmol·min-1 immediately upstream from a polyester vascular graft in the unheparinized baboon circulatory system, for example, platelet deposition at the normally thrombogenic graft surface was substantially reduced relative to controls receiving only 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. In a second study, infusion of PROLI/NO into the right atrium of sheep with induced pulmonary hypertension selectively dilated the lung vasculature, dose-dependently reducing the pulmonary arterial pressure by as much as 9 mmHg with no observable effect on th...
589 Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome in Three Infants

Background and aims: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare syndrome characterized by the failure of automatic control of breathing with absent or negligible sensitivity to hypercapnia and hypoxaemia, primarily during sleep. It is associated with a number of conditions affecting or derived from the autonomic nervous system. Methods: Three infants with CCHS were diagnosed in our tertiary pediatric hospital over five years. Results: All three infants were born full term. During neonatal period they presented prolonged apneas and intermittent cyanosis, in the absence of cardiac, pulmonary or neuromuscular disease. They were treated by tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. After initial respiratory dependency, they became able to sustain normal gas exchange during wakefulness. Two of three cases had Hirschsprung disease and mild generalized hypotonia. One experienced seizures unrelated to antecedent hypoxemia and cardiac arrhythmias. Dilated, nonreactive pupils and lack of circadian temperature variation occurred in one. Cerebrovascular malformations, tumors of neural crest origin and pulmonary hypertension were not observed. Mutations of the PHOX2B gene were detected in all cases. At the age of 2 to 5 years, they are still under ventilatory support during sleep. The eldest child has been successfully decannulated and he is on NIV through a nasal mask. Al three children are managed at home, with adequate growth, progress in achieving motor milestones and low morbidity. Conclusions: Infants with CCHS represent a spectrum of severity. With early diagnosis and careful ventilatory management these children can engage in activities typical of children of their age.
Specificity of antioxidant enzyme inhibition in skeletal muscle to reactive nitrogen species donors.

Abstract Nitric oxide ( NO ) and its by-products modulate many physiological functions of skeletal muscle including blood flow, metabolism, glucose uptake, and contractile function. However, growing evidence suggests that an overproduction of nitric oxide contributes to muscle wasting in a number of pathologies including chronic heart failure, sepsis, COPD, muscular dystrophy, and extreme disuse. Limited data point to the potential of inhibition various enzymes by reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including NO and its downstream products such as peroxynitrite, primarily in purified systems. We hypothesized that exposure of skeletal muscle to RNS donors would reduce or downregulate activities of the crucial antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Diaphragm muscle fiber bundles were extracted from 4-month-old Fischer-344 rats and, in a series of experiments, exposed to either (a) 0 (control), 1, or 5 mM diethylamine NONOate (DEANO: NO donor); (b) 0, 100, 500 μM , or 1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP: NO donor); (c) 0 or 2 mM S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP: NO donor); or (d) 0 or 500 μM SIN-1 (peroxynitrite donor) for 60 min. DEANO resulted in a 50% reduction in CAT, GPX, and a dose-dependent inhibition of Cu, Zn-SOD. SNP resulted in significantly lower activities for total SOD, Mn-SOD isoform, Cu, Zn-SOD isoform, CAT, and GPX in a dose-dependent fashion. Two millimolar SNAP and 500 μM SIN-1 also resulted in a large and significant inhibition of total SOD and CAT. These data indicate that reactive nitrogen species impair antioxidant enzyme function in an RNS donor-specific and dose-dependent manner and are consistent with the hypothesis that excess RNS production contributes to skeletal muscle oxidative stress and muscle dysfunction.