cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Race to Erase Brown v. Board of Education:The Virginia Way and the Rhetoric of Massive Resistance

The Brown vs. Board of Education ruling stands as one of the more important cases for the American civil rights movement. The Brown decision overturned separate but equal and set off a firestorm of resistance efforts throughout the South. Virginia set the precedent for this countermovement known as Massive Resistance through the development of arguments and policies to thwart integration. These arguments were based in racialized constructions of citizenship. Examining the discourse of segregationists furthers our understanding of how race is reproduced and controlled through public discourse.
Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Student-athlete perceptions on their NCAA postseason arrangement: A forced-choice certainty method survey approach

The Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) continues to grow in popularity. However, the current system of selecting teams to play for the national championship remains a much-debated and controversial issue. The thoughts of university presidents, athletic directors, football coaches, and even United States congressmen regarding the current Bowl Championship Series (BCS) system are numerous and welldocumented. However, the opinion of the actual participating student-athlete is generally absent within the popular and scholarly discussion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of active Division I FBS student-athletes regarding the BCS and post-season play through a forced-choice certainty survey. Specifically, a forced-choice certainty method survey approach was used to explore both the directional and certainty judgment of 79 football student-athletes in order to compare points of interest (i.e., BCS v. Playoff Alternatives). Statistical results from the study showed participants questioned the fundamental fairness of the current BCS system and generally would prefer a playoff system because the current BCS system does not produce a ―true‖ champion in their opinion. Finally, this study importantly offers a serious attempt to begin collecting information on this topic from an understudied group important in college football. 1 Seifried and Turner: FBS Student-athlete perspective Published by Digital Commons @ Kent State University Libraries, 2016
Aborigial art at Lofty Heights: The distribution and patterning of Aboriginal art sites in the south eastern Lofty Ranges of South Australia

The aims of this research were to attempt to ascertain something of the dynamism of an Aboriginal group, about which extremely little is known, through a synthesis of their rock art. For this purpose, the study focuses on two principal components. Firstly, the examination, definition and analysis of art styles at both inter- and intra-site levels and secondly, on the spatial patterning of the art sites within the landscape. This analysis identifies twelve distinct art styles and four site types. Integration of the two components has not, unfortunately, yielded anything definitive, although there is compelling evidence for the preservation of group identity and boundary maintenance as a direct result of intergroup competition, which in this instance is aided and abetted by the geographical confluence of the Lofty Ranges with the River Murray. This is one of the basic convictions of advocates of the information exchange theory of style, but in this instance intergroup differentiation through style appears to have been extended to intragroup differentiation, as stylistic changes became increasingly localised. Similarly, there is the suggestion that the Aboriginal occupation of the region may never have been particularly dense, despite favourable water and food resources. It is none the less recognised that the nature and distribution of the art sites is the final result of one range of natural and cultural processes which reflect the social institutions of the makers. The extreme stylistic variation which encompasses all of Maynard's (1977) simple and complex, figurative and non-figurative categories within one aggregation, are thought to show how style plays a crucial role in the mediation of cultural information exchange over time. In this instance style was a specific means of proclaiming territorial ownership and affiliations, at both inter and intra-group levels, and a means of expressing site function.
Automated administration of intermittent intravenous doses.

The cost difference of administering cimetidine 300 mg via intravenous piggyback (IVPB) every six hours by a conventional separate container system versus using an automated intermittent i.v. administration system was evaluated. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 documented the amount of drug waste with the two systems, and phase 2 examined the practical use of the IVAC Multi Dose System. Nurses who administered the medication using the multiple-dose system completed a questionnaire on its operation. A materials cost analysis was performed to compare the two methods. The two systems were found to have approximately equivalent amounts of drug waste over the 30-day evaluation period of phase 1. The mean percentage of doses wasted was 12.2% with the conventional single-dose minibag method and 12.7% with the automated multiple-dose method. The multiple-dose system had a lower cost per dose of cimetidine ($2.25 versus $3.47). These savings appear to outweigh the cost of the additional equipment necessary for the automated system. The majority of nurses preferred the multiple-dose system. Potential problems encountered in accurately delivering doses with the multiple-dose automated system were identified, and possible solutions are suggested. The use of an automated multiple-dose i.v. administration system can potentially decrease the materials cost portion of drug administration. The total impact on hospital costs needs to be evaluated, and other comparisons with alternative administration systems need to be performed.
Biosecurity implications of the synthesis of pathogenic viruses

Recent peer-reviewed reports of in vitro syntheses of small viruses raise the possibility of misapplying modern biotechnologies to the creation of new smallpox virus, not simply to the malicious manipulation of existing samples. While it would require great effort and significant financing, a smallpox-from-scratch project would seem likely to be feasible, as would some other pathogen-from-scratch projects. Efforts to prevent such work -- or, failing prevention, to detect it -- might be enhanced in a number of ways.
Good person or bad character? Personality predictors of morality and ethics in avatar selection for video game play

Abstract Popular video games often provide people with the option to play characters that are good or evil in nature, and yet, little is known about how individual differences in personality relate to the moral and ethical alignments people chose in their digital representations. We examined whether participants' pre-existing levels of moral disengagement and Big 5 scores predicted the alignments they selected for their avatar in video game play. Results revealed that men, relative to women, were more likely to play “bad guys” and that moral disengagement predicted this finding. Agreeableness and conscientiousness mediated the relationship between moral disengagement and alignment such that those higher in these two traits were more likely to play good characters.
Localized Heat Generation from Magnetically Responsive Membranes

Commercial thin film composite nanofiltration NF270 and microfiltration polyethylene terephthalate (PET) track-etched membranes were modified by grafting thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymers via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The polymer chain ends were conjugated with superparamagnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Each tailored superparamagnetic nanoparticle acts as a nanoheater under an external oscillating magnetic field. The localized heat generated induces the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition for the PNIPAM in aqueous solution. The phase transition of the polymer leads to the alteration of membrane transport properties. Localized heating affects membrane permeability differently for NF270 and PET membranes based on whether the modification occurs on the membrane surfaces or inside the membrane pores. Filtration of polystyrene latex particles through PET membranes demonstrates that it is possible to modulate the pore size by appl...
The Lowell Boott Mills complex and its housing: Material expressions of corporate ideology

Lowell, Massachusetts, the first planned industrial city in New England, was a total departure from earlier forms of urban life in North America. This essay examines the ways in which the ideology of industrial capitalism and the policy of corporate paternalism are reflected in the built environment of 19th century Lowell. Using the Boott Cotton Mills Corporation as a case study, the ways in which corporate policies regulated and permeated the material lives of workers on the job and at home are considered. The analysis draws upon an interdisciplinary body of data but emphasizes the ways in which archaeological investigations can illuminate the contrast between the stated company policy of concern for workers’ welfare and the reality of workers’ living conditions.
Defect reduction in Cu chemical-mechanical polishing

The chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) of Cu is a critical step in the manufacture of ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI) semiconductor devices. During this process, undesirable scratches are formed on the surface being polished [1–3]. Recent research suggests that the “killer” scratches found on the Cu wafers are due to the soft pad asperities and not necessarily by the hard abrasives in the slurry [4,5]. Figure 1 shows examples of scratches on a Cu coating due to pad asperities. This paper presents the theory and experimental validation of scratching by soft pad asperities in Cu CMP. Based on the models and experimental results, practical solutions for mitigating scratching by pad asperities in Cu CMP are suggested.
Current Quality Measurement Tools Are Insufficient to Assess Complications in Orthopedic Surgery.

Purpose The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) is a clinically-derived, validated tool to track outcomes in surgery. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety Indicators (AHRQ-PSI) are a set of computer algorithms run on administrative data to identify adverse events. The purpose of this study is to compare complications following orthopedic surgery identified by ACS-NSQIP and AHRQ-PSI. Methods Patients between 2010 and 2012 who underwent orthopedic procedures (arthroplasty, spine, trauma, foot and ankle, hand, and upper extremity) at our tertiary-care, academic institution were identified (n = 3,374). Identification of inpatient adverse events by AHRQ-PSI in the cohort was compared with 30-day events identified by ACS-NSQIP. Adverse events common to both AHRQ-PSI and ACS-NSQIP were infection, sepsis, venous thromboembolism, bleeding, respiratory failure, wound disruption, and renal failure. Concordance between AHRQ-PSI and ACS-NSQIP for identifying adverse events was examined. Results A total of 729 adverse events (21.6%) were identified in the cohort using ACS-NSQIP methodology and 35 adverse events (1.0%) were found using AHRQ-PSI. Only 12 events were identified by both methodologies. The most common complication was bleeding in ACS-NSQIP (18.1%) and respiratory failure in AHRQ-PSI (0.53%). The overlap was highest for venous thromboembolic events. There was no overlap in adverse events for 5 of the 7 categories of adverse events. Conclusions A large discrepancy was observed between adverse events reported in ACS-NSQIP and AHRQ-PSI. A large percentage of clinically important adverse events identified in ACS-NSQIP were missed in AHRQ-PSI algorithms. The ability of AHRQ-PSI for detecting adverse events varied widely with ACS-NSQIP. Clinical relevance AHRQ-PSI algorithms currently are insufficient to assess the quality of orthopedic surgery.
Periodic olfactory assessment in patients undergoing skull base surgery with preservation of the olfactory strip

Objectives/Hypothesis Others have reported olfactory disturbances following endoscopic approaches to the skull base. However, there is a lack of consensus on the extent and duration of dysfunction. This study aimed to compare our results with previously published work and to validate the olfactory strip–sparing approach. Study Design Prospective study to assess olfaction in 50 patients scheduled to undergo resection of skull base tumors via extended endoscopic approaches. Methods Patients were divided into two groups. Group I had a nasoseptal flap (NSF), and group II included patients in whom rescue flaps were performed bilaterally. Olfactory outcomes were assessed using repeated University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months following surgery. Results Ultimately, 42 patients (seven group I and 35 group II) were available for assessment. Scores for group I were lower than at baseline at 6 weeks postoperatively (30.71 ± 5.5 vs. 24.5 ± 5.4; P = .05). However, by the third postoperative month the scores had improved to a level that was not significantly different from baseline (29.0 ± 3.7; P = .5). At 6 months, the score was 30.0 ± 3.9. Patients in group II showed no difference between their baseline and 6-week scores (31.5 ± 5.3 vs. 29.7 ± 5.9; P = .16). Six months postoperatively, the score was significantly higher (33.78 ± 3.6; P = .04). Conclusions Expanded endoscopic approaches to skull base tumors involving reconstruction with an NSF are associated with a short-term negative impact on olfaction. Olfaction does not seem to be affected by the surgical resection of pituitary adenomas associated with rescue flaps. Identification of the olfactory epithelium and meticulous harvesting of the NSF are critical to preserve olfaction. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 127:1970–1975, 2017
Pseudoprogression, radionecrosis, inflammation or true tumor progression? challenges associated with glioblastoma response assessment in an evolving therapeutic landscape

The wide variety of treatment options that exist for glioblastoma, including surgery, ionizing radiation, anti-neoplastic chemotherapies, anti-angiogenic therapies, and active or passive immunotherapies, all may alter aspects of vascular permeability within the tumor and/or normal parenchyma. These alterations manifest as changes in the degree of contrast enhancement or T2-weighted signal hyperintensity on standard anatomic MRI scans, posing a potential challenge for accurate radiographic response assessment for identifying anti-tumor effects. The current review highlights the challenges that remain in differentiating true disease progression from changes due to radiation therapy, including pseudoprogression and radionecrosis, as well as immune or inflammatory changes that may occur as either an undesired result of cytotoxic therapy or as a desired consequence of immunotherapies.
Structural integrity optimization of 3D TSV package by analyzing crack behavior at TSV and BEOL

New electronic devices with small size and low power consumption are in demand in recent years. Miniaturization and complex product are required in modern electronics for more functionality in the smaller electronic package. To overcome such issues, 3D packages or package on package (PoP) are introduced. The 3D packaging is stacking of chip on top of another which is emerging as a powerful technology that satisfies such integrated circuit (IC) package demands. A 3D package using through silicon vias (TSVs) has emerged as an effective technology for future interconnection requirements. The mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the SiO2 and copper used in TSV can induce a lot of thermal stresses. The stress developed at interfaces results in the interfacial delamination of TSV, which is mainly driven by a shear stress concentration at the point. The developed thermal stresses are critical for the thermo-mechanical reliability of the 3D package. In this paper, the effect of package structure on the failure metric of the 3D package has been studied. J-integral has been used to quantify the crack driving force. The crack is modeled at the TSV and BEOL (Back End of the Line) and the die-substrate thickness is varied and studied during chip attachment process and under thermal cycling load for optimizing the die and substrate thickness design [1]. Finite Element method have been used to analyze the thermo-mechanical stresses and fracture parameters in TSV structures 3D package. For this study, full field compact modeling methodology [2] has been leveraged for the ease of FEA using ANSYS Workbench 17.2. An optimized package assembly was obtained to reduce the crack driving energy at the TSV region and in the BEOL dielectric layer. A design approach has been proposed to mitigate brittle failure issues thus improving the thermo-mechanical reliability of the 3D package.
Parathyroids: Morphology and Pathology

The morphologic abnormalities seen in the parathyroid glands are predominantly those related to hyperfunction, i.e., primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). Thus, the focus in this chapter is on this aspect of parathyroid pathology, because almost all surgical specimens of parathyroid lesions are derived from patients with hyperparathyroidism. Because morphologic abnormalities are an important factor in the surgical treatment of this disease, a review of parathyroid embryologic development, anatomy, and normal histology is included. A brief discussion of parathyroid pathology in hypoparathyroidism is also included, as is discussion of the pathology of the glands in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Prediction of ore fluid metal concentrations from solid solution concentrations in ore-stage calcite: Application to the Illinois-Kentucky and Central Tennessee Mississippi Valley-type districts

Abstract Knowledge of the concentrations of Zn and Pb in Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) ore fluids is fundamental to understanding MVT deposit origin. Most previous attempts to quantify the concentrations of Zn and Pb in MVT ore fluids have focused on the analysis of fluid inclusions. However, these attempts have yielded ambiguous results due to possible contamination from secondary fluid inclusions, interferences from Zn and Pb in the host mineral matrix, and uncertainties about whether the measured Zn and Pb signals represent aqueous solute or accidental solid inclusions entrained within the fluid inclusions. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to try to determine Zn and Pb concentrations in MVT ore fluids using an alternate method that avoids these ambiguities by calculating Zn and Pb concentrations in MVT ore fluids theoretically based on their solid solution concentrations in calcite. This method was applied to the Illinois-Kentucky and Central Tennessee districts, which both contain ore-stage calcite. Experimental partition coefficient (D) values from Rimstidt et al. (1998) and Tsusue and Holland (1966), and theoretical thermodynamic distribution coefficient (KD) values were employed in the present study. Ore fluid concentrations of Zn were likely most accurately predicted by Rimstidt et al. (1998) D values, based on their success in predicting known fluid inclusion concentrations of Mg and Mn, and likely also most accurately predicted ore fluid concentrations of Fe. All four of these elements have a divalent ionic radius smaller than that of Ca2+ and form carbonate minerals with the calcite structure. For both the Illinois-Kentucky and the Central Tennessee district, predicted ore fluid Zn and Fe concentrations were on the order of up to 10’s of ppm. Ore fluid concentrations of Pb could only be predicted using Rimstidt et al. (1998) D values. However, these concentrations are unlikely to be reliable, as predicted ore fluid concentrations of Sr and Ba, which like Pb also have a divalent ionic radius larger than that of Ca2+ and form carbonate minerals with the aragonite structure, did not consistently agree well with known concentrations of Sr and Ba in fluid inclusions. The ore fluid Zn concentrations predicted in the present study lie within the range of Zn concentrations typical of modern sedimentary brines and are high enough to allow deposition of the observed amounts of Zn in the Illinois-Kentucky and Central Tennessee districts within ranges of geologically reasonable times and ore fluid flow velocities. If the pH of the Illinois-Kentucky and Central pH ore fluids was as low as current evidence suggests to be possible, then these ore fluids could simultaneously have transported enough sulfide with their Zn to account for the observed amounts of sphalerite in the districts.
High-content screen for modifiers of Niemann-Pick type C disease in patient cells

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused primarily by mutations in NPC1. NPC1 encodes the lysosomal cholesterol transport protein NPC1. The most common NPC1 mutation is a missense mutation (NPC1I1061T) that causes misfolding and rapid degradation of mutant protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cholesterol accumulates in enlarged lysosomes as a result of decreased levels of lysosomal NPC1I1061T protein in patient cells. There is currently no cure or FDA-approved treatment for patients. We sought to identify novel compounds that decrease lysosomal cholesterol storage in NPC1I1061T/I1061T patient fibroblasts using a high-content screen with the cholesterol dye, filipin and the lysosomal marker, LAMP1. A total of 3532 compounds were screened, including 2013 FDA-approved drugs, 327 kinase inhibitors and 760 serum metabolites. Twenty-three hits were identified that decreased both filipin and LAMP1 signals. The majority of hits (16/21) were histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, a previously described class of modifiers of NPC cholesterol storage. Of the remaining hits, the antimicrobial compound, alexidine dihydrochloride had the most potent lysosomal cholesterol-reducing activity. Subsequent analyses showed that alexidine specifically increased levels of NPC1 transcript and mature protein in both control and NPC patient cells. Although unsuitable for systemic therapy, alexidine represents a unique tool compound for further NPC studies and as a potent inducer of NPC1. Together, these findings confirm the utility of high-content image-based compound screens of NPC1 patient cells and support extending the approach into larger compound collections.
The Euphoric Sensations of Cigarettes: Exploring How Operant Conditioning May Be the Missing Link in the Theoretical Understanding of Antidrug Policies:

This study aims to examine how positive and negative reinforcers during an individual’s first few cigarettes (cigarette initiation experiences) are associated with adulthood smoking behavior. Respo...
Maximization of AUC and Buffered AUC in binary classification

In binary classification, performance metrics that are defined as the probability that some error exceeds a threshold are numerically difficult to optimize directly and also hide potentially important information about the magnitude of errors larger than the threshold. Defining similar metrics, instead, using Buffered Probability of Exceedance (bPOE) generates counterpart metrics that resolve both of these issues. We apply this approach to the case of AUC, the Area Under the ROC curve, and define Buffered AUC (bAUC). We show that bAUC can provide insights into classifier performance not revealed by AUC, while being closely related as the tightest concave lower bound and representable as the area under a modified ROC curve. Additionally, while AUC is numerically difficult to optimize directly, we show that bAUC optimization often reduces to convex or linear programming. Extending these results, we show that AUC and bAUC are special cases of Generalized bAUC and that popular Support Vector Machine (SVM) formulations for approximately maximizing AUC are equivalent to direct maximization of Generalized bAUC. We also prove bAUC generalization bounds for these SVM’s. As a central component to these results, we provide an important, novel formula for calculating bPOE, the inverse of Conditional Value-at-Risk. Using this formula, we show that particular bPOE minimization problems reduce to convex and linear programming.
Threshold Values of Oxygen Deficiency Leading to Cardiovascular and Brain Pathological Changes in Term Monkey Fetuses

The present paper discusses the effects of varying degrees of oxygen deprivation on fetal cardiovascular performance and on nervous system integrity. Apart from the central role played by oxygen deficiency in producing fetal brain damage and death, the vital signs changes associated with lack of oxygen serve as one of the principal methods for the moment-by-moment surveillance of the fetal condition in utero during labor and delivery. Until recently, the relationship between changes in fetal heart rate and fetal asphyxia has remained largely speculative. However, recent studies in our Laboratory have defined a more precise relationship between the severity of fetal oxygen deprivation and changes in fetal vital signs (1).
Nonlinear Uncertainties Canceling in Multi-Agent Systems Enabled by Cooperative Adaptation

This paper deals with uncertainties problem in multi-agent systems with novel cooperative adaptation approach. Since uncertainties in multi-agent systems are interconnected, local agent often faces uncertainties not only from itself but also from neighbors. The proposed approach is that a local agent estimates uncertainties from itself and neighboring agents and then changes control strategy. The uncertainties or the equivalences of neighbors can be estimated based on their available outputs; thus, the local agent can adapt to them to cancel out these effects. Stability analysis is also derived that characterizes the transient and steady state performance of multi-agent system. The simulation presents the details of the proposed cooperative adaptation mechanism by compared typical cooperative control.
HS-SPME-GC-MS/olfactometry combined with chemometrics to assess the impact of germination on flavor attributes of chickpea, lentil, and yellow pea flours.

Abstract In this study, volatile component changes of germinated chickpea, lentil, and yellow pea flours over the course of 6 days germination were characterized by HS-SPME-GC–MS/O. In total, 124 volatile components were identified involving 19 odor active components being recorded by GC-O exclusively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that lentil and yellow pea flours had the similar aromatic attributes, while the decrease of beany flavor compounds along with the occurrence of unpleasant flavors was detected in chickpea flours upon germination. Six beany flavor markers, including hexanal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and 2-pentyl-furan, were employed to quantify beany flavor formation in the flours over the course of germination. The results suggested that no significant beany flavor formation or mitigation was appeared after 1 day of germination. The findings are crucial for tailing pulse germination process to enhance the macronutrients without increasing undesirable beany flavor.
Special Consideration and Perioperative Management for Turf Toe Injuries

Foot injuries are the third leading cause of injuries in NCAA athletes that have to be removed from competition, with a large number attributed to the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. In turf toe injuries, one or more structures of the plantar complex of the first MTP joint are injured. Injury classification helps to guide management and aids in determining prognosis. Surgical intervention for turf toe injury is often undertaken after nonoperative management has failed for mild injuries or in the case of severe injuries to restore function and anatomy. This presents a review and surgical consideration of the turf toe injury in athletes.
Base Side of Noble Metal Clusters: Efficient Route to Captamino-Gold, Aun(−S(CH2)2N(CH3)2)p, n = 25–144

Monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs), typified by the (Au, Ag)-thiolates, share dimensions and masses with aqueous globular proteins (enzymes), yet efficient bioanalytical methods have not proved applicable to MPC analytics. Here we demonstrate that direct facile ESI(+)MS analysis of MPCs succeeds, at the few-picomol level, for aqueous basic amino-terminated thiolates. Specifically, captamino-gold clusters, Au n(SR) p, wherein -R = -(CH2)2N(CH3)2, are prepared quantitatively via a direct one-phase (aq/EtOH) method and are sprayed under weakly acidic conditions to yield intact 6.8 kDa complexes, ( n, p) = (25, 18), with up to 5 H+ adducts, or 34.6 kDa MPCs (144, 60) at charge state z = 8+. These exceed all prior reports of positive charging of MPCs except for those bearing per-cationized (quat) ligands. pH-mediated reversible phase transfer (aqueous to/from DCM-rich phases) are consistent with peripheral exposure of all tertiary amino groups to solutions. This surprising development opens the way to all manner of modifications or extensions, as well as to advanced analyses inspired by those applied to intact biomolecules.
Management strategies of property and impact on wildlife

Abstract Landowners and managers of private properties who aim to not only make a living from cattle production, but also to be sound environmental stewards, are important to the cultural fabric of the continental United States. At times, these two objectives can be at odds, and managers have to make tough decisions. Often, tradeoffs must be made. However, a toolbox of strategies exists, such as land management tools (e.g., prescribed fire and prescribed grazing) and decision-making tools based on economic theory, to help solve these complex problems. In this chapter we walk through these tools and strategies to expose managers to their intended use in the context of relevant issues on cattle production landscapes. But first we begin by establishing a common understanding of wildlife habitat and factors limiting their abundance in these settings. We end by discussing somewhat novel approaches to making decisions when objectives may compete or conflict.
The disordered regions of SETD2 govern H3K36me3 deposition by regulating its proteasome-mediated decay

ABSTRACT SETD2 is the sole methyltransferase that tri-methylates histone H3 at lysine 36 in mammals. It has an extended N-terminal region which is absent in its yeast homolog Set2. The function of this poorly characterized region in regulating SETD2 stability has been reported. However, how this region regulates SETD2 half-life and the consequences of the cellular accumulation of SETD2 is unclear. Here we show that the SETD2 N-terminal region contains disordered regions and is targeted for degradation by the proteasome. The marked increase in global H3K36me3 that occurs on the removal of the N-terminal segment results in a non-canonical distribution including reduced enrichment over gene bodies and exons. An increased SETD2 abundance leads to widespread changes in transcription and alternative splicing. Thus, the regulation of SETD2 levels through intrinsically disordered region-facilitated proteolysis is important to maintain the fidelity of transcription and splicing related processes.
Social movement spillover: Barriers to board gender diversity posed by contemporary governance reform

Abstract Managerial oversight is strengthened and firms' strategic performance improved when boards are gender-diverse. Yet the rate of women's appointment to corporate boards is decelerating. This study proposes an explanation for the unexpected attenuation rooted in social movement dynamics, particularly cross-movement influences originating from the contemporary governance reform movement. Seeking to alleviate managerialist tendencies, the governance reform movement has compelled major changes to board structure, composition, and activity, as well as the broader logic surrounding corporate boards. By definition, social movements' cognitive and structural advances manifest “spillover” effects – unintentional impacts affecting the opportunity structure, and ultimately progress, of neighboring campaigns. Drawing on social movement theory, a conceptual model is outlined explicating the mechanisms by which governance reform's broad enactments have incidentally impeded board gender diversity's advance. Theoretically-grounded strategies for reversing those effects are also outlined and the study closes with a discussion of implications for research, practice, and policy.
Protease-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR-1) Is Required and Rate-Limiting for Thrombin-Enhanced Experimental Pulmonary Metastasis: Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology, San Diego, CA, December 8, 1997.

Abstract Thrombin-treated tumor cells induce a metastatic phenotype in experimental pulmonary murine metastasis. Thrombin binds to a unique protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) that requires N-terminal proteolytic cleavage for activation by its tethered end. A 14-mer thrombin receptor activation peptide (TRAP) of the tethered end induces the same cellular changes as thrombin. Four murine tumor cells (Lewis lung, CT26 colon CA, B16F10 melanoma, and CCL163 fibroblasts) contain PAR-1, as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). B16F10 cells did not contain the two other thrombin receptors, PAR-3 and glycoprotein Ib. TRAP-treated B16F10 tumor cells enhance pulmonary metastasis 41- to 48-fold (n = 17). Thrombin-treated B16F10 cells transfected with full-length murine PAR-1 sense cDNA (S6, S7, S14, and S22) enhanced their adhesion to fibronectin 1.5- to 2.4-fold (n = 5, P
Targeted therapy for treatment of patients with classical hairy cell leukemia.

Most patients with treatment naive classical hairy cell leukemia (cHCL) have durable responses with purine nucleoside analogues. In contrast, options are limited for cHCL patients with co-morbidities, purine analogue intolerance, or resistant disease. We report the utility of targeted therapy for nine cHCL patients presenting with treatment naive cHCL and severe neutropenia and infection (n = 3), purine analogue intolerance (n = 2), or purine analogue resistant disease (n = 4). BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib was started at 240-480 mg twice daily (planned 90-day treatment) and combined with rituximab in seven patients. Therapy was tolerable with no severe adverse events. All patients responded with rapid blood count recovery (median time 1.52 months, range 0.43-4.33). Median progression free and overall survival was not reached at a median follow up of 18.1 months (range 3.2-68.9). These data suggest targeted therapy could be an option for patients unable to be treated with purine analogues.
Specific amino acids but not total protein attenuate postpartum weight gain among Hispanic women from Southern California.

There is a high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the United States, particularly among Hispanic women, which may be partly explained by failure to lose gestational weight during the postpartum period. Previous work indicates that protein and amino acids may protect against weight gain; therefore, this study examined the impact of dietary protein and amino acid intake on changes in postpartum weight and the percent of women meeting the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for these dietary variables among Hispanic women from the Southern California Mother's Milk Study (n = 99). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between protein and amino acid intake with change in weight after adjusting for maternal age, height, and energy intake. Women's weight increased from prepregnancy to 1-month and 6-months postpartum (71.1 ± 14.6 vs. 73.1 ± 13.1 vs. 74.5 ± 14.6 kg, p < .0001). Although dietary protein was not associated with weight change (β = -1.09; p = .13), phenylalanine (β = -1.46; p = .04), tryptophan (β = -1.71; p = .009), valine (β = -1.34; p = .04), isoleucine (β = -1.26; p = .045), and cysteine (β = -1.52; p = .02) intake were inversely associated with weight change. Additionally, fewer women met the EAR values for cysteine (11.1%), phenylalanine (60.6%), and methionine (69.7%), whereas most women met the EAR values for tryptophan (92.9%), valine (96.0%), and isoleucine (94.9%). Study results indicate that several essential and conditionally essential amino acids were associated with postpartum weight loss, with a significant portion of women not meeting recommended intake levels for some of these amino acids. These results highlight the importance of postpartum maternal diet as a potential modifiable risk factor.
Defective Graphene as a promising lead pollution absorbent from first-principles study

An exhaustive first-principles based density function theory investigation of lead adsorption on single layer graphene has been performed to figure out the graphene geometry with the highest adsorption capacity to adsorb lead pollution in auto exhaust pipe. Pristine graphene, divacancy defected graphene, and stone-wales defected graphene were simulated and analyzed in this study. The result shows divacancy defected graphene with defect concentration of 6.25% has the greatest adsorption energy per carbon atom, which is -0.4322 eV. A relative low adsorption height is found for the adsorption case as 1.49 A. Assuming the temperature in exhaust gas pipe as 500 °C, we calculated the Arrhenius rate constant to be 0.0090 as a measure of adsorption efficiency. The results could serve as a reliable reference for the filter element material design for lead pollution regulation. We have further explored the electronic structure of 2D graphene by plotting band structure and density of states diagrams. An increase of density of states from 0 is observed after the existence of divacancy defect on 2D graphene, implying the significant role of divacancy defect in improving graphene adsorption performance.
Re‐Remembering the Mandate: Historiographical Debates and Revisionist History in the Study of British Palestine

Over the past 20 years, historians have been engaged in a critical reappraisal of the history of Israel and Palestine. Spurred on by the work of Israeli ‘New Historians’ and Palestinian revisionists, the field has seen a sustained challenge to the crude narratives of conventional nationalist historiography. This article investigates the impact of this reappraisal on the study of British rule in Palestine (1917–1948), arguing that while the work of the new historians has been useful in opening up debate about the nature of Zionist development, Israeli revisionist history has done a poor job of considering how Jews and Arabs lived and worked together under British rule. To get away from the distorted idea that Jews and Arabs developed in communities that were closed-off from each other, we need to adopt an approach that treats them as participants in the same narrative, a perspective adopted by historians who use a ‘relational history’ approach to understanding the Mandate. The paper concludes that the most promising development in the field has been the integration of new voices and primary sources into scholarship, but cautions that, in our quest to understand the lives of the colonized, we may be missing opportunities to reconsider the nature of British colonial rule.
Extravasation injury associated with parenteral nutrition in a cat with presumptive gastrinomas.

Objective – To describe the pathologic consequences of parenteral nutrition (PN) extravasation into the mediastinum of a cat. Case Summary – An 8-year-old domestic short hair cat with persistent vomiting and anorexia was initiated on PN for nutritional support. PN was being administered at a rate of 12.9 mL/h when inadvertent jugular catheter migration resulted in thrombophlebitis and cellulitis and 40–80 mL of PN extravasated into the SC and mediastinal tissues. The cat was euthanized 36 hours after the extravasation of PN due to poor prognosis related to the gastric complications associated with a presumed primary gastrinoma. Grossly there was excessive mediastinal lymphatic drainage and pronounced edema in the cervical SC and mediastinal tissue. Histopathologic examination of the PN-extravasated area revealed a severe mixed inflammatory reaction, represented by a severe neutrophilic and mild histiocytic infiltrate with lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing. No bacterial agents were observed or cultured from this area. Unique Information Provided – This is the first case report of a foreign body-type reaction due to extravasation of PN (extravasation injury) in a cat. Extravasation of PN is not without pathologic consequence, and can result in a severe inflammatory reaction in affected tissues.
FUNCTIONAL TESTING DEVICES FOR GASKET MATERIALS

Although standard physical property tests such as density, tensile, compressibility, and immersions are important, they are not indicative of how a gasket material will perform in an actual application. Therefore, four functional testing devices were built to evaluate the sealability, torque retention, required flange pressure, and chemical resistance of gasket materials.
Essential role of mTORC1 in the hypertension induced by overactivation of the brain renin-angiotensin system (1067.2)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a major effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Ang II-induced activation of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling in cardiovascular-related brain ...
Potato rotation studies

The early death of potato vines caused by differences in fertilizer and rotation practices results in yields inversely related to the number of dead plants at some early date.
Methods for measuring levels of well-being for a health status index.

Three psychological scaling procedures—category rating, magnitude estimation, and equivalence—were used to measure the levels of well-being that student and health-leader judges in 14 experimental groups associate with 50 case descriptions of function status representing the continuum from complete well-being to death. No significant differences were detected for order of method presentation, interview situation, scaling method, student vs. leader judges, or most interactions among these factors. Category rating, the simplest and apparently the most reliable of the methods, was consistent with the results of the social choices implied in the equivalence technique. The results indicate the feasibility of measuring the social values of large numbers of cases in household interview surveys.
The Unearned Revenue Liability and Firm Value: Evidence from the Publishing Industry

When customers prepay for goods or services, accounting practice requires that the cash inflow to the firm be classified as a liability ("unearned revenue liability") until delivery to the customer. While there are eventual cash outflows associated with customer prepayments (equal to the marginal cost of producing the good or service), an argument can be made that the book liability actually represents an economic asset. As long as the firm is selling its product above cost, the cash outflows associated with future delivery are less than the cash advance received currently. Therefore, a net economic asset exists, equal to the difference between the cash received and the cost of the goods to be delivered. This paper utilizes a sample of firms from the magazine and periodicals publishing industry to examine the relation between the book liability for unearned revenue and firm equity value. The empirical tests provide strong evidence that stock prices behave as if the unearned revenue liability represents an economic asset. Further, the valuation of the asset is negatively related to the variable costs of production. The study also examines the association between the unearned revenue liability, current sales, and future sales. The empirical analysis provides evidence that the change in next-year sales is related to the change in current year sales conditioned on the change in the unearned revenue liability. In other words, sales increases in the current year do not persist into the future unless accompanied by an increase in the unearned revenue liability.
Studies with aphidicolin on the Fv-1 host restriction of Friend murine leukemia virus.

Abstract The murine gene Fv-1 exerts a major control over the replication of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV). An effect of the gene product has been determined to be at the level of accumulation and integration of viral DNA. Aphidicolin, an inhibitor of eucaryotic DNA polymerase alpha, was studied in murine cells infected either permissively or nonpermissively with regard to the Fv-1 genotype. Results indicated that inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha did not affect the accumulation of form III viral DNA in either permissive or nonpermissive cells. However, the normal accumulation of circular form I DNA in permissive cells was inhibited. The block in the accumulation of form I DNA resembled that occurring in some F-MuLV Fv-1-nonpermissive infections. Additionally, aphidicolin treatment resulted in the accumulation of novel low-molecular-weight viral DNA species, normally detectable in a nonpermissive infection of NIH cells with B-tropic F-MuLV. These data suggest that the Fv-1 gene product may interact with host DNA polymerase alpha to prevent viral replication.
Positive affect reduces visual crowding

Positive mood has been shown to both broaden the scope of visual attention (Rowe, Hirsh & Anderson, 2006), and facilitate a broad or narrow focus depending on whichever mode is currently dominant (Huntsinger, Clore & Bar-Anan, 2010). Here we investigate whether positive affect influences the spatial extent of peripheral feature integration. Using short film clips to induce positive (happy), negative (fear), and neutral affect, we measured the effect of visual crowding in each mood condition. A Gabor patch (diameter: 1o, eccentricity: 8o) surrounded by six equally spaced 'flanker' Gabors (diameter: 1o) at one of eight possible distances (1.5o, 2o, 2.5o, 3o, 3.5o, 4o, 4.5o, 5o) from the central patch was briefly presented in the right visual field. Subjects' task was to report whether the central patch was tilted left or right of the vertical meridian, and the detection threshold was measured at each flanker distance. Average critical spacing across subjects was significantly smaller when in a positive mood compared to both neutral and negative conditions, which did not significantly differ. Thus, under positive affect the spatial scope of feature integration was narrowed, allowing for better identification of a crowded feature in the periphery. This supports the notion that positive affect influences the spatial envelope of attention in a flexible manner (Huntsinger, 2013), and modulates this scope depending on the default mode necessitated by current task demands. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015. Language: en
Toward Self-replicating Robots

In this paper we describe several prototypes of self-replicating robotic systems that have been developed at JHU. In contrast to self-reconfiguration, self-replication is the process of assembling a functional robot from passive components. The robot that is assembled (the replica) is an exact copy of the robot doing the assembling. Our presentation marks the beginning of the JHU effort in this area. The future impact of self-replicating systems is potentially enormous. In particular, the cultivation of material and energy resources in outer space using facilities built by self-replicating systems is an attractive application area worth serious consideration.