cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brain Arachidonic Acid Incorporation and Turnover are not Altered in the Flinders Sensitive Line Rat Model of Human Depression

Brain serotonergic signaling is coupled to arachidonic acid (AA)-releasing calcium-dependent phospholipase A2. Increased brain serotonin concentrations and disturbed serotonergic neurotransmission have been reported in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression, suggesting that brain AA metabolism may be elevated. To test this hypothesis, (14)C-AA was intravenously infused to steady-state levels into control and FSL rats derived from the same Sprague-Dawley background strain, and labeled and unlabeled brain phospholipid and plasma fatty acid concentrations were measured to determine the rate of brain AA incorporation and turnover. Brain AA incorporation and turnover did not differ significantly between controls and FSL rats. Compared to controls, plasma unesterified docosahexaenoic acid was increased, and brain phosphatidylinositol AA and total lipid linoleic acid and n-3 and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid were significantly decreased in FSL rats. Several plasma esterified fatty acids differed significantly from controls. In summary, brain AA metabolism did not change in FSL rats despite reported increased levels of serotonin concentrations, suggesting possible post-synaptic dampening of serotonergic neurotransmission involving AA.
The situation of women in research universities in the United States: Within the inner circles of academic power

In 1988, over 115,000 women and 241,000 men from countries around the world studied in colleges and universities in the United States (Institute of International Education, 1988). When comparing the situation of women who teach and administer in the U.S. with women in their home countries, these international scholars were likely to observe a common phenomenon—women are a minority (Sutherland, 1985; Moore, 1987). On a more poignant note, approximately one in five of the scholars—those pursuing graduate work in computer science, physical and life sciences, engineering, management and business in research universities — are likely to complete their programs of study without taking a single course, working in a laboratory or doing research with even one female faculty member. Thus, their socialization and experiences in the American academic culture are likely to imprint them and in turn their home universities with exclusively male-dominated repertoires of knowledge, research methods, behaviours, attitudes and values. Moreover, subsequent international linkages such as consulting and research endeavors which were seeded while the scholars studied in the U.S. may be continued with the same faculty for many years to come, thus developing a global network with predominately male senior faculty in research universities.
Economic Models

This is a survey of some illustrative mathematical and econometric models. Both purely theoretical and applied models are discussed, and the limits of their utilization indicated. The recent disturbances of the economy have raised questions about public policy and the kind of controls which might be implemented. The use of optimal control theory in economics and, in particular, its application to planning problems is examined. Forecasting and simulation applications of the Wharton econometric model are considered.
Computer ethics: moral philosophy or professional propaganda?

Summary As human service waiters implement computerized information technologies, they operate in areas in which problems of power, de-personalization, and the invasion of privacy are central. In attempting to understand and resolve these issues, studies of computer ethics deal with moral values, economic policy, and other social change impacts associated with computerization. Unfortunately, the diffuse focus of ethical discourse in computing is contusing. This paper, in clarifying the relation of “computer ethics” to issues of personal freedom, social control, and social inequality, seeks to provide human service workers and other professional computer specialists with a framework for identifying the social effects and moral dimensions of computerization.
The myth of America's “culture of consumerism”: Policy may help drive American household's fraying finances

This article examines why American consumption has boomed over the past three decades, even as wages have stagnated and debt has risen. Although many analysts characterize rising spending as a prod...
Abstract 3133: Regulatory sequences of the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 gene are hypermethylated in prostate cancer resulting in loss of gene expression

Introduction/Objective: Cholesterol homeostasis is altered in prostate cancer resulting in increased levels of cholesteryl esters and free cholesterol, but the mechanism behind these perturbations is not complete understood. We examine the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of ABCA1 expression. Methods: Genome wide methylation analysis using MBD-isolated Genome Sequencing (MiGS) was performed on the normal prostate epithelial cell line PrEC, the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and DU 145, 3 benign prostate specimens obtained from radical cystoprostatectomy, and 6 prostate cancer specimens obtained from radical prostatectomy. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was performed on the ABCA1 CpG island in PrEC and LNCaP to verify the methylation patterns discovered by MiGS. Real time RT-PCR was performed to assess ABCA1 mRNA levels in PrEC and LNCaP. LNCaP was treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza), the LXR agonist T0901317, or a combination of the two drugs; and ABCA1 CpG island methylation was assessed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and gene expression was assessed by real time RT-PCR. Results: MiGS analysis revealed that ABCA1 CpG island methylation was present in LNCaP and 6 prostate cancer specimens but not PrEC, DU 145, or 3 benign prostate specimens. Bisulfite genomic sequencing primers were used to amplify fragments from the CpG island spanning −404 to +1,301 of the ABCA1 gene. LNCaP showed dense methylation in the entire region while PrEC showed only minimal methylation from −236 to −404. Real time RT-PCR revealed that there was 10-fold more ABCA1 mRNA in PrEC when compared with LNCaP. Treatment of LNCaP with 10µM T0901317 for 24 hours increased ABCA1 mRNA to 14 fold above untreated LNCaP without detectable changes in DNA methylation. Treatment with 5µM 5-aza for 1 week increased ABCA1 mRNA to 50 fold above control and resulted in loss of DNA methylation in the ABCA1 CpG island as detected by MSP. The combination of 5µM 5-aza and 10µM T0901317 increased ABCA1 mRNA expression in LNCaP to 320 fold above control. Conclusions: ABCA1 is hypermethylated in a subset of prostate cancers, but not normal prostate, resulting in loss of gene expression. Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing intracellular cholesterol content solely by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase may be hindered by this acquired deficiency in cholesterol export. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3133. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3133
Canons of Conceptualization

L'A. etudie les differents canons de la pensee et du discours en comparant les modes de conceptualisation des cultures occidentale et africaine, qui offrent la possibilite d'une evaluation mutuelle propre a un dialogue inter-structurel, sans tomber dans le relativisme conceptuel
Radiological Techniques in the Examination of Patients with Headaches

It can be said that in the majority of headache patients who have a long typical history, a negative neurologic examination, and a noncontributory general physical examination, radiologic studies will probably not give further pertinent information. Nevertheless, in a sufficient number of these patients, the noninvasive and essentially atraumatic procedures of plain skull radiography, computed tomography, and (as indicated) echoencephalography and radionuclide brain scanning will provide a considerable amount of information pertinent to the clinical problem. Hospitalization for angiography and, on occasion, pneumoencephalography or other special procedures, will then become indicated for those patients in whom an abnormality is found in these screening procedures.
A New Approach to Data Dynamic Integrity Control

Proper access control is one of the most important issues in computer security. It consists of securing a system with respect to availability, confidentiality, and integrity. Integrity is about making sure that only proper modifications take place. Some integrity models are static in nature, which may limit their capabilities for better protection of a system. In some cases like in the collaborative authoring systems (e.g. Wikipedia), such static models are not desired because there is a need for continuous evaluations of posted work. This motivated us to present a dynamic integrity model based on a metric we call the modification factor to evaluate whether the integrity level should be changed up or down. Furthermore, our dynamic model allows us to establish a level of trustworthiness that an entity has as a source or destination of information.
Randomized pilot trial of yoga versus strengthening exercises in breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue.

Fatigue is one of the most common and bothersome refractory symptoms experienced by cancer survivors. Mindful exercise interventions such as yoga improve cancer-related fatigue; however, studies of yoga have included heterogeneous survivorship populations, and the effect of yoga on fatigued survivors remains unclear. We randomly assigned 34 early-stage breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue (≥4 on a Likert scale from 1–10) within 1 year from diagnosis to a 12-week intervention of home-based yoga versus strengthening exercises, both presented on a DVD. The primary endpoints were feasibility and changes in fatigue, as measured by the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF). Secondary endpoint was quality of life, assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapies-Breast (FACT-B). We invited 401 women to participate in the study; 78 responded, and we enrolled 34. Both groups had significant within-group improvement in multiple domains of the fatigue and quality of life scores from baseline to post-intervention, and these benefits were maintained at 3 months post-intervention. However, there was no significant difference between groups in fatigue or quality of life at any assessment time. Similarly, there was no difference between groups in adherence to the exercise intervention. Both DVD-based yoga and strengthening exercises designed for cancer survivors may be good options to address fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Both have reasonable uptake, are convenient and reproducible, and may be helpful in decreasing fatigue and improving quality of life in the first year post-diagnosis in breast cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue.
Spontaneous mutations and the origin and maintenance of quantitative genetic variation.

A key challenge in evolutionary biology is to understand how genetic variation – differences in the DNA of individuals in a population – is generated and maintained to create the enormous diversity that exists in nature. Mutations to the DNA introduce new variation, but these are constantly removed from populations by two other evolutionary forces: natural selection and genetic drift. Natural selection removes harmful genetic mutations that affect an organism’s fitness and reproduction, and genetic drift is the random increase in, or loss of, a genetic variant from a population over time. However, disentangling the effects of these evolutionary forces is challenging because the genetic variation we observe is often the final product of a long history of interaction between them. Huang et al. have now investigated genetic variation by breeding fruit flies in the laboratory. Natural selection was minimized for these flies; genetic drift was therefore the main force that removed variation. Huang et al. then sequenced the DNA of the flies to estimate the rate at which genetic mutations spontaneously occur. The sequences contained many more “high-impact” mutations (which directly affect how proteins in the fly’s cells work) than seen in sequences taken from a natural fly population. Traits that are produced by the cumulative actions of many genes and the environment are known as quantitative traits. By examining how much variation genetic mutations introduced into the quantitative traits of each generation of the laboratory-grown flies, Huang et al. estimated how much variation should occur in a natural population whose quantitative traits evolved without natural selection. This estimate was much higher than the levels of genetic variation seen in nature, suggesting that natural selection acts to eliminate mutations that significantly affect quantitative traits. Simple theoretical models cannot explain the relatively high spontaneous mutation rate and low genetic variation seen in the quantitative traits of natural populations. Therefore, further work is now required to understand more about the balance of evolutionary forces that maintain quantitative genetic variation.
Incorporating Arbitrarily Strong On-Site Correlations into Lattice Models

In Chapter 9 I described a protocol to efficiently generate small clusters of fractional quantum Hall states at sites of a deep optical lattice, in the limit where particles were unable to tunnel between sites on experimentally relevant timescales. One motivation for this chapter is to construct a theory of deep lattices that are nevertheless weak enough to allow particle tunneling between sites (analogous to the Bose-Hubbard limit of bosons in an optical lattice introduced in Chapter 2.). I construct a theory—specifically an effective lattice model—that captures the dominant behavior for bosons, and essentially identical techniques lead to a description of fermions. In the bosonic case, I construct an analog of the Gutzwiller mean field theory (introduced in Chapter 2) for this generalized model. I show that the resulting model has a phase diagram topologically the same as the Bose-Hubbard model: there are globally insulating phases with fractional quantum Hall puddles at each site and no coherence between them occupying “Mott lobes” in the chemical potential-lattice depth phase diagram, and a superfluid phase with coherence between the fractional quantum Halls states at each site.
Bringing Order to Chaos: Capturing Relevant Information with Hedge Fund Factor Models

We propose a new approach to hedge fund performance evaluation by using ETF returns as proxies for tradeable risk factors in the return attribution factor model framework. The model dynamically identifies specific risk factor exposures out of the entire universe of available ETFs, comprehensively spanning the space of potential risk factors. This approach results in more informative estimates of both alpha and beta coefficients for out-of-sample performance compared with other widely used hedge fund factor models. The portfolios of top alpha hedge funds selected by our model generate statistically significant out-of-sample performance that is substantially better compared to portfolios selected by other models. In addition, the hedge fund mimicking portfolios constructed as beta-weighted factor portfolios exhibit substantially higher out-of-sample correlations with underlying hedge funds than portfolios formed using alternative models.
Biophysical controls over concentration and depth distribution of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in desert playas

Playa wetlands are important areas of soil organic carbon and nutrient storage in drylands. We conducted this study to assess how catchment biophysical variables control soil organic carbon and nitrogen in playas and how playas function differently than upland ecosystems. We found that playa organic carbon and nitrogen corresponded primarily with catchment vegetation cover and secondarily with catchment area, slope, and soil texture. The effect of increased organic matter production associated with high catchment vegetation cover overshadowed the potential effect of reduced runon. We also found carbon and nitrogen profiles to be significantly shallower in playas than uplands. This trend correlated with evidence of sedimentation and shallow-rooted plants in playas. Uplands had a deeper C and N profile, which correlated with organic matter being generated by deeply-rooted vegetation. In playas, C:N ratios remained constant through depth but in uplands, C:N ratios increased through depth. We found evidence that differences in rooting depth distributions and soil texture may explain these C:N variations between uplands and playas. In uplands, clay concentration increased with depth; whereas in playas, clay concentration did not change with depth, which highlighted the important role of sedimentation in these ecosystems. Our results suggest that small changes in playa catchment vegetation cover in response to climate change or grazing intensity would greatly impact playa soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks. This effect would be due to the playa soils dependence on allochthonous organic matter and the large upland area that drains into playas.
Review of Grunt: The Curious Science of Humans and War

like many of Roach’s previous books, Grunt provides an array of stimulating information about the most uncommon aspects of her topic, complete with sidesplitting climaxes and witty asides. Roach’s conversational style and self-deprecating humor provide a comfortable narrator, one who is non-judgmental about the reader’s expertise on the subject. Grunt is indeed a testament to the military’s capacity for ingenuity, to Roach’s perfectly timed punch lines, and to the celebration of quirky science.
An Optogenetic Approach to Control Microtubule Acetylation in Living Cells

The association and conformation of proteins at the perimeter of moving cells is affected by post-translational modifications of microtubules. Acetylation of specific microtubules regulates cargo selection and trafficking to specific regions of the cell edge. Microtubule acetylation correlates with metastasis, indicating that microtubule post-translational modification is important in cancer cell biology. To study the spatio-temporal control of microtubule acetylation in live cells, we designed an analog of alpha tubulin acetyl transferase1 (αTAT1) that can be controlled with light. Unlike other tubulin modification enzymes, αTAT1 is highly specific for tubulin in its polymerized form. αTAT1 binds and transfers an acetyl moiety from acetyl coA to lysine 40 on alpha tubulin. A fragment of αTAT1 was fused to the photo-responsive LOV2 domain from Avena Sativa phototropin and to a peptide that we had engineered to bind selectively to the dark state of LOV2 (Wang et al. Nature Methods 13 755-758, 2016). Only in the dark, the LOV2 and Zdk bound to each other, occluding the microtubule binding interface. Photoactivatable αTAT1 (PA αTAT) could be fully activated in less than a second, and the half-life for return to the off state could be adjusted between 1.7 and 496 seconds by mutating residues around the LOV2 flavin. Cell assays showed extensive acetylation of microtubules upon irradiation of cells expressing PA αTAT1. Use of the analog in living cells to elucidate the role of microtubule acetylation in directed motility will be described.
Her2/neu Status Determination in Breast Cancer: A Single Institutional Experience Using a Dual-Testing Approach With Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization.

Objectives According to current guidelines, either immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH) can be used to determine human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/neu) status in breast carcinoma. While the guidelines explicitly delineate result interpretation, there is no consensus on the most appropriate testing algorithm. Methods The Her2/neu statuses of 369 consecutive cases of invasive breast cancer (from 351 patients) were assessed in a dual-testing algorithm that uses both IHC and fluorescence ISH (FISH). FISH was performed using dual-color HER2/ chromosome enumeration probe 17 ( CEP17 ) probes, and if equivocal results were obtained, reflex testing using HER2/lissencephaly gene 1 ( LIS1 ) probes was used. Results from both modalities were scored and reported using American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists 2013 criteria. Results Sixty-one (16.5%) of the 369 tumors were found to be Her2/neu positive by at least one modality. The overall concordance between IHC and FISH results was 97.6%. Six of the 369 tumors were reclassified as Her2/neu positive after a negative IHC result. FISH was also able to identify significantly more Her2/neu-positive cases than IHC. Conclusions The commonly used reflex strategy based on IHC results may deny potentially beneficial targeted therapy for a small cohort of patients, which should be considered as testing guidelines are formulated and the cost-benefit analyses of various testing algorithms are assessed.
Analytical and finite element performance evaluation of embedded piezoelectric sensors in polyethylene

A common application of piezoelectric transducers is to obtain operational data from working structures and dynamic components. Collected data can then be used to evaluate dynamic characterization of the system, perform structural health monitoring, or implement various other assessments. In some applications, piezoelectric transducers are bonded inside the host structure to satisfy system requirements; for example, piezoelectric transducers can be embedded inside the biopolymers of total joint replacements to evaluate the functionality of the artificial joint. The interactions between the piezoelectric device (inhomogeneity) and the surrounding polymer matrix determine the mechanical behavior of the matrix and the electromechanical behavior of the sensor. In this work, an analytical approach is employed to evaluate the electromechanical performance of 2-D plane strain piezoelectric elements of both circular and rectangular-shape inhomogeneities. These piezoelectric elements are embedded inside medical grade ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene, a material commonly used for bearing surfaces of joint replacements, such as total knee replacements (TKRs). Using the famous Eshelby inhomogeneity solution, the stress and electric field inside the circular (elliptical) inhomogeneity is obtained by decoupling the solution into purely elastic and dielectric systems of equations. For rectangular (non-elliptical) inhomogeneities, an approximation method based on the boundary integral function is utilized and the same decoupling method is employed. In order to validate the analytical result, a finite element analysis is performed for both the circular and rectangular inhomogeneities and the error for each case is calculated. For elliptical geometry, the error is less than 1% for stress and electric fields inside and outside the piezoelectric inhomogeneity, whereas, the error for non-elliptical geometry is obtained as 11% and 7% for stress and electric field inside the inhomogeneity, respectively.
Power Efficient Distributed Simulation

Energy and power consumption have become important concerns for many computing systems ranging from embedded and mobile systems operating on battery-powered devices to high performance and cloud computing applications running on supercomputers and in data centers. To date, only a limited amount of work has considered power consumption in parallel and distributed simulations. A variety of options to analyze and explore power consumption in distributed simulations are discussed. These options range from design decisions in developing the simulation model to selection of algorithms in distributed simulation middleware to exploitation of hardware techniques. Work to characterize the power and energy consumed by different elements of parallel and distributed simulation systems are discussed and empirical measurements presented to quantify energy and power use, suggestive of directions for future research in this area.
Chapter 12 – Unique to Libraries

This chapter sets up the context for the implementation of the collection services supply chain. The implementation requires close partnership among library functions which are responsible for collection services, between libraries and their vendors, as well as between libraries and their users. The chapter recommends that libraries integrate their vendors' knowledge creation processes, their own collection processes, as well as their users' scholarship and research processes into an extended chain, where all three entities can share overlapping expertise, as well as each entity can contribute unique expertise across the entire chain, where applicable. The goal of the chapter is to set the stage for later part of the book on the topic of supply chain innovation and integration, which heavily depend on internal and external partnerships.
Compression of Hyperspectral Image Using PCA–DCT Technology

Hyperspectral image is a high-resolution image containing large number of details about the presented region. To capture the hyperspectral image, different types of sensor are used in satellite such as AURA, CALIPSO, OCO, and PARASOL, whereas hyperspectral image sensors are used to measure the reflectance of each pixel value in very large amount and stored in 3D cube format. As this type of images is of large data, they possess large amount of storage size and transmission time is also much as compare to other image. Hence, compression of such image is very important to reduce the size and transmission time. Different types of compression methods had been performed on this type of image to compress and to reduce storage size and time. To overcome such problem, a unique compression method should be there to compress the image with less data loss and low transmission period. We introduced a method known as PCA–DCT method for compression which means principal component analysis followed by discrete cosine transform. We are proposing this method in combination pattern to reduce the data dimensionality without loss of data, but as DCT is lossy type of compression, we are going to use DCT to just find the coefficient of the image. The popular known Reed–Xiaoli algorithm is used for the identification of the current pixels with the background image. The quality of image is going to be calculated using the mean square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio value.
American/Israeli War Crimes: National Policies Engendering Fear

This chapter takes a brief look at drone warfare, paying particular attention to the Israeli attack on Gaza in early 2009. It also closely examines and critiques the New York Times’ role in promoting positive public opinion of drone warfare and its coverage of the Gaza attack.
Tasting off-flavors: food science, sensory knowledge and the consumer sensorium

In food science and technology, understanding off-flavors has a significance with both technical and commercial implications. In the food industry in the United States, it is a widely held truism t...
Database Criteria for Network Policy Chain

Network policies that offer vital functionalities are often organized in a chain. Current practice either assumes proper policy chains as a prior or relies on simple syntax-based input-output analysis. This paper examines and addresses several difficulties with this approach --- context-dependent policy interaction, unnecessarily coupled policies, and policies that must be jointly examined, proposing database integrity constraints as a means towards a semantic-based finer solution. Built on a unified logical framework to describe and reason about policy chains, our database solution gives (1) criteria that derive correct policy chain with a more accurate estimate of policy dependency, and (2) criteria that check and obtain atomic policy, unit of policy that is proper for policy chain.
The theoretical foundations of nonprofit competition: a resource-advantage theory approach

Competition in the nonprofit sector has dramatically intensified in the past two decades because of (1) the increased number of nonprofit organizations (NPOs), (2) the decline and diffusion of gove...
Stress Concentrations Resulting from Longitudinal Butt-Welds in Piping at Elevated Temperatures

It is shown that significant stress concentrations may develop in longitudinally welded pipe when the creep strain rate of the base metal and weld metal are different. The stress concentration increases from unity to a steady state value after several years. Implications for failure of this type of weld at elevated temperatures are discussed.
Molecular Determinants of Influenza Virus Pathogenesis in Mice

Mice are widely used for studying influenza virus pathogenesis and immunology because of their low cost, the wide availability of mouse-specific reagents, and the large number of mouse strains available, including knockout and transgenic strains. However, mice do not fully recapitulate the signs of influenza infection of humans: transmission of influenza between mice is much less efficient than in humans, and influenza viruses often require adaptation before they are able to efficiently replicate in mice. In the process of mouse adaptation, influenza viruses acquire mutations that enhance their ability to attach to mouse cells, replicate within the cells, and suppress immunity, among other functions. Many such mouse-adaptive mutations have been identified, covering all 8 genomic segments of the virus. Identification and analysis of these mutations have provided insight into the molecular determinants of influenza virulence and pathogenesis, not only in mice but also in humans and other species. In particular, several mouse-adaptive mutations of avian influenza viruses have proved to be general mammalian-adaptive changes that are potential markers of pre-pandemic viruses. As well as evaluating influenza pathogenesis, mice have also been used as models for evaluation of novel vaccines and anti-viral therapies. Mice can be a useful animal model for studying influenza biology as long as differences between human and mice infections are taken into account.
Higher Order Spin Resonances in High Energy Electron Storage Rings

It was predicted by Sokolov and Ternov [1] that when electron and positrons circulate in a high energy storage ring, the particle spins become polarized by the emission of synchrotron radiation. In practice, the equilibrium degree of polarization is strongly affected by so-called depolarizing spin resonances. A formula for the equilibrium degree of polarization, including the resonances, was given by Derbenev and Kondratenko [2]. An algorithm to evaluate their formula was given by Mane, and coded into a computer program called SMILE [3]. The so-called SMILE algorithm treats arbitrary resonances, subject to the approximation of treating only linear orbital dynamics. Numerous formalisms for calculating synchrotron sideband resonances have also been published [4,5,6,7,8], and were all shown to be equivalent by Mane [8], However, all of the above formalisms employ perturbation theory in one form or another, and the convergence of the various formalisms is still unresolved. The SMILE algorithm employs an expansion in powers of the orbital action variables, which becomes an expansion in powers of the beam emittances after averaging over the beam distribution. The other formalisms express the spin integrals of the resonances as a sum of Bessel functions, rather than a sum of powers of action variables.
Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D With the Blood Pressure Response to Maximal Exercise Among Healthy Adults

Insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with high resting blood pressure (BP). However, the relationship between 25(OH)D and the peak systolic BP (SBP) response to exercise...
Pegylated Interferon alpha-2b

Pegylated interferon alpha-2b is a covalent conjugate of recombinant interferon alpha-2b with mono-methoxy-polyethylene glycol (PEG). Interferon alpha-2b is a protein produced by recombinant DNA techniques. It has broad spectrum activity against both DNA and RNA viruses and is primarily indicated as a drug of choice against Hepatitis-B and C infections. It is also used in combination with ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. It is administered either via intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) routes.
Identify Kinematic Features for Powered Prosthesis Tuning

To maximize the benefits of the newly developed powered prosthetic legs, amputees must rely on tuning experts (TE) from manufacturers to tune these devices based on their specific physical conditions. Because TEs are hard to train, it is difficult to access the TEs and the cost of customization is high. If the knowledge used by the TEs could be extracted, it is possible to reduce the tuning cost by automating the tuning procedure or developing efficient TE training programs. In this paper, we preliminarily identified kinematic features that are sensitive to the control parameter change of the powered prosthetic leg. Using data collected from three transtibial amputee subjects with four levels of push-off power, we tested whether a change of push-off power could generate a significant difference on 13 preselected kinematic features during level ground walking at self-selected walking speed. Six features across three joints on the prosthesis side were demonstrated to be sensitive to the change of push-off power.
Inducible Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) Promotes Osteoblastogenesis, and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Myeloma-Induced Bone Disease

Abstract Abstract 627 Cytotherapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote bone formation, inhibit bone disease and reduce multiple myeloma (MM) growth in myelomatous bone (Yaccoby et al., 2006; Li et al., 2011). At the cellular level, the infused MSCs act as a bystander cells that activate endogenous osteoblasts and suppress osteoclast activity. To shed light on molecular mechanisms associated with the cytotherapeutic effects of MSCs we exploited the SCID-hu model engrafted with the Hg MM line. Hg cells are only maintained by passaging in SCID-hu/SCID-rab mice and produce severe bone disease. Human global gene expression profile (GEP) was performed in nonmyelomatous implanted bones (n=5), and in myelomatous implanted bones injected with human MSCs (1×106 cells/bone) and analyzed immediately (control group, n=8) or 24 hours later (cytotherapy, n=6). Based on stringent criteria, (e.g. ≥2 folds, p Disclosures: Barlogie: Celgene, Genzyme, Novartis, Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties. Shaughnessy: Myeloma Health, Celgene, Genzyme, Novartis: Consultancy, Employment, Equity Ownership, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties.
Anti-inflammatory mediators ST2 and SIGIRR are induced by diphenyldifluoroketone EF24 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated dendritic cells

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of EF24, an NF-κB-inhibitor, on the expression of negative regulators in IL-1R pathway, namely ST2 and SIGIRR. Murine JAWS II dendritic cells (DC) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml) for 4 h, followed by treatment with 10 μM EF24 for 1 h. ST2 and SIGIRR expression was monitored by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. ST2L and MyD88 interaction was studied by co-immunoprecipitation, and IL-33, a ST2L ligand, was assayed by ELISA. Activation of transcription factor SP1 was examined by confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, and EMSA. The effect of EF24 on accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in DCs and proteolysis of fluorogenic peptides by purified proteasome was studied. We found that EF24 upregulated the expression of ST2 and SIGIRR and decreased the interaction of the membrane-bound ST2 (ST2L) with MyD88, and significantly reduced IL-33 levels in LPS-stimulated DCs. Simultaneously it increased the activation of transcription factor SP1and restored the basal level of ubiquitinated proteins in LPS-stimulated DCs. Moreover, EF24 inhibited trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome by directly interacting with 26S proteasome. The results suggest that EF24 activates endogenous anti-inflammatory arm of IL-1R signaling, most likely by stabilizing SP1 against proteasomal degradation.
Age, Complexity, and Crisis - A Prescription for Progress in Pandemic.

Age, Complexity, and Crisis The outsized impact of Covid-19 on elders has laid bare medicine’s outdated, frequently ineffective or injurious approach to the care of patients who are the planet’s fa...
Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the Styku 3D Body Scanner

The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the Styku S100 3-dimensional (3D) scanner. Thirty-three participants completed two visits separated ...
Original articleHealth services research and policyAn Abbreviated Protocol for High-Risk Screening Breast MRI Saves Time and Resources

Purpose To review the ability of an abbreviated, high-risk, screening, breast MRI protocol to detect cancer and save resources.
Energy management of remote microgrids considering battery lifetime

Abstract Using the example of a two-layer energy management system for remote microgrids, a novel scheduling algorithm is proposed that considers the battery lifetime and is expected to reduce the operational cost of the microgrid. This method combines the objectives of minimizing fuel consumption and battery degradation costs into a single weighted goal.
Structure and assembly of the diiron cofactor in the heme-oxygenase-like domain of the N-nitrosourea-producing enzyme SznF

Abstract In biosynthesis of the pancreatic cancer drug streptozotocin, the tri-domain nonheme-iron oxygenase, SznF, hydroxylates Nδ and Nω’ of Nω-methyl-L-arginine before oxidatively rearranging the triply modified guanidine to the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea pharmacophore. A previously published structure visualized the mono-iron cofactor in the enzyme’s C-terminal cupin domain, which effects the final rearrangement, but exhibited disorder and minimal metal occupancy in the site of the proposed diiron cofactor in the N-hydroxylating heme-oxygenase-like (HO-like) central domain. Here we leverage our recent report of an intensely absorbing µ-peroxodiiron(III/III) intermediate formed from the Fe2(II/II) complex and O2 to understand assembly of the diiron cofactor in the HO-like domain and to obtain structures with both SznF iron cofactors bound. Tight binding at one diiron subsite is associated with a conformational change, which is followed by weak binding at the second subsite and rapid capture of O2 by the Fe2(II/II) complex. Differences between iron-deficient and iron-replete structures reveal both the conformational change required to form the O2-reactive Fe2(II/II) complex and the structural basis for cofactor instability, showing that a ligand-harboring core helix dynamically refolds during metal acquisition and release. The cofactor also coordinates an unanticipated Glu ligand contributed by an auxiliary helix implicated in substrate binding by docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The additional ligand is conserved in another experimentally validated HO-like N-oxygenase but not in two known HO-like diiron desaturases. Among ∼9600 sequences identified bioinformatically as belonging to the emerging HO-like diiron protein (HDO) superfamily, ∼25% have this carboxylate residue and are thus tentatively assigned as N-oxygenases. Significance statement The enzyme SznF assembles the N-nitrosourea pharmacophore of the drug streptozotocin. Its central N-oxygenase domain resembles heme-oxygenase (HO) and belongs to an emerging superfamily of HO-like diiron enzymes (HDOs) with unstable metallocofactors that have resisted structural characterization. We investigated assembly of the O2-reactive diiron complex from metal-free SznF and Fe(II) and leveraged this insight to obtain the first structure of a functionally assigned HDO with intact cofactor. Conformational changes accompanying cofactor acquisition explain its instability, and the observation of an unanticipated glutamate ligand that is conserved in only a subset of the HDO sequences provides a potential basis for top-level assignment of enzymatic function. Our results thus provide a roadmap for structural and functional characterization of novel HDOs.
Subdiffusion in strongly tilted lattice systems

The quantum dynamics away from equilibrium is of fundamental interest for interacting lattice systems. In this work, we study strongly tilted lattice systems using the effective Hamiltonian derived from the microscopic description. We first give general arguments for the density relaxation rate satisfying 1/τ ∝ k⁴ for a large class of systems, including the tilted Fermi Hubbard model that has been realized in the recent experiment, E. Guardado-Sanchez et al. [Phys. Rev. X 10, 011042 (2020)]. Here k is the wave vector of the density wave. The main ingredients are the emergence of the reflection symmetry and dipole moment conservation to the leading nontrivial order of the large tilted strength. To support our analysis, we then construct a solvable model with large local Hilbert space dimension by coupling sites discribed by the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, where the density response can be computed explicitly. The the tilt strength and the temperature dependence of the subdiffusion constant are also discussed.
Assessing comfort level with pediatric skin specimens among dermatopathologists and pediatric pathologists: A national cross-sectional survey

Background Cutaneous histopathologic diagnoses in children often differ from those in adults. Depending on practice setting, these specimens may be evaluated by dermatopathologists or pediatric pathologists. We sought to determine whether comfort level with pediatric dermatopathology is associated with prior training, pediatric dermatopathology exposure during fellowship, career duration, or specimen subtype. Methods We surveyed dermatopathologists and pediatric pathologists practicing in the United States. Training and practice variables were evaluated by multivariable regression for association with comfort level. Results Of the 156 respondents, 72% were dermatopathologists (response rate 11.6%) and 28% were pediatric pathologists (response rate 9.3%). Dermatopathologists reported higher comfort overall (P Conclusions Pathologists' comfort with pediatric dermatopathology varied significantly based upon prior training, career duration, and specimen subtype. These results suggest opportunities for improving education in this domain.
U.S. co-viewing during COVID

My family of five has a lot of moving parts, and on 12 March 2020 those parts were running like clockwork. Then COVID-19 happened. 13 March 2020 brought lockdown. Quarantine. Isolation. The cog of ...
Pilot Plant Results With the Piperazine Advanced Stripper at NGCC Conditions

CO2 capture is necessary to decarbonize natural gas combined cycles (NGCC) that will be used to provide power when renewable power is unavailable. The PZAS™ (Piperazine (PZ) with the Advanced Stripper) second generation capture technology has been successfully tested with coal-fired flue gas. This paper reports reliable testing of PZAS at NGCC conditions for 2000 hours in a 0.66 m ID absorber at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC). Coal-fired flue gas diluted with air entered the absorber at 77 oC. 5 m PZ was regenerated by the Advanced Stripper with 2.45 gJ steam/tonne CO2 at 6.2 bara. With 40 feet of packing and pump-around intercooling the absorber provided 90–95% CO¬2¬ removal with a rich loading of 0.40–0.41 mol CO2/mol N. The apparent rate of PZ oxidation was 0.3 kg/tonne CO2. The water wash reduced PZ emission to less than 1 ppm. In the last 400 hours of testing, carbon treating clarified the solvent color, reduced ammonia production by as much as 40%, and improved both absorber and stripper performance. Testing with coupons showed that 304 SS had an acceptable corrosion rate even at the severe conditions of the stripper at 150 oC.
Perspectives on disparities in scientific visibility

Scientific visibility is key to an academic career and rooted in the traditional academic cycle of training, (informal) connections, support, publications, citations, recognition and funding — a cycle from which under-represented groups are often excluded. In this Viewpoint, five scientists discuss experiences and thoughts about disparities in scientific visibility and provide action points.
新的生殖技術: 侵犯上帝的領地了嗎？: The New Reproductive Technologies: Defying God's Dominion?

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese認為新生殖技術會誘使人“扮演上帝的角色”這種反對意見是常見的。本文考查三種反對意見：1）這些技術“侵佔了上帝在生涯的領地”﹔2）這些技術使我們能夠“製造”我們的子女；以及3）這些技術使我們否認人類的局限性。這些反對意見都沒有提供決定性的理由來反對新生殖技術；每一種反對意見都要求進一步提供令人信服的論據。然而，已表明不要“扮演上帝的角色”的警告，在關於醫學輔助生殖的爭論中起着重要的規勸作用，需要對在新生殖方式情境中的生物共同性、局限性以及負責的共同創造性的意義進行反思。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 14 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Relearning can eliminate the effect of retrieval-induced forgetting

The retrieval of a subset of items can cause the forgetting of other, non-retrieved items, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting. Initial work suggested that giving people the opportunity to restudy non-retrieved items following retrieval practice is sufficient to eliminate the effect of retrieval-induced forgetting, but more recent work has suggested otherwise. If retrieval-induced forgetting is not eliminated by restudy, then such a finding would have important implications for understanding the theoretical nature of retrieval-induced forgetting. It would suggest, for example, that retrieval-induced forgetting reflects more than the temporary reduction in the accessibility of non-retrieved items in memory. The two experiments reported here sought to clarify this issue, with the results suggesting that retrieval-induced forgetting can be eliminated by restudy. Indeed, retrieval-induced forgetting was eliminated by restudy even when the forgetting effect was produced by three rounds of retrieval practice instead of one round of retrieval practice. These findings are consistent with the idea that retrieval-induced forgetting, at least under the conditions of the current experiments, reflects a temporary reduction in the accessibility of non-retrieved items in memory.
Penalized regressions for variable selection model, single index model and an analysis of mass spectrometry data.

PENALIZED REGRESSIONS FOR VARIABLE SELECTION MODEL, SINGLE INDEX MODEL AND AN ANALYSIS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY DATA
The UPC Substituted Judgment/Best Interest Standard for Guardian Decisions: A Proposal for Reform

The introduction in 1997 of “substituted judgment” as a guiding principle for guardian decisions was a key contribution of the UPC to guardianship reform. The current UPC Section 5-314(a) instructs guardians to “consider the expressed desires and personal values of the ward” when making decisions and to “at all times . . . act in the ward’s best interest.” This dual mandate for guardian decisions was intended to promote the selfdetermination interests of incapacitated adults. This Article argues that in practice the standard has failed to achieve this goal. It analyzes the shortcomings of UPC Section 5314(a) and other statutory decision-making standards and offers an improved decisionmaking model. Frolik and Whitton propose reform of Section 5-314(a) to provide better guidance for guardians, and to harmonize the standard for guardian decisions with other surrogate decision-making standards within the UPC.
Dynamical driving and probing of quantum phase transitions on the nanoscale

We extended the characterization of photoinduced quantum phase transitions into the nanoscale. We demonstrate this for VO 2 by accessing spatial inhomogeneities in the insulator-to-metal transition due to local strain and defects.