cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decentralized sequential detection with a fusion center performing the sequential test

A decentralized sequential detection problem is considered in which each one of a set of sensors receives a sequence of observations about the hypothesis. Each sensor sends a sequence of summary messages to the fusion center where a sequential test is carried out to determine the true hypothesis. A Bayesian framework for this problem is introduced, and for the case when the information structure in the system is quasi-classical, it is shown that the problem is tractable. A detailed analysis of this case is presented, along with some numerical results. >
Bidirectional Effect of Pregnenolone Sulfate on GluN1/GluN2A N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Gating Depending on Extracellular Calcium and Intracellular Milieu

Pregnenolone sulfate (PS), one of the most commonly occurring neurosteroids in the central nervous system, influences the function of several receptors. PS modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and has been shown to have both positive and negative modulatory effects on NMDAR currents generally in a subtype-selective manner. We assessed the gating mechanism of PS modulation of GluN1/GluN2A receptors transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells using whole-cell and single-channel electrophysiology. Only a modest effect on the whole-cell responses was observed by PS in dialyzed (nonperforated) whole-cell recordings. Interestingly, in perforated conditions, PS was found to increase the whole-cell currents in the absence of nominal extracellular Ca2+, whereas PS produced an inhibition of the current responses in the presence of 0.5 mM extracellular Ca2+. The Ca2+-binding DRPEER motif and GluN1 exon-5 were found to be critical for the Ca2+-dependent bidirectional effect of PS. Single-channel cell-attached analysis demonstrated that PS primarily affected the mean open time to produce its effects: positive modulation mediated by an increase in duration of open time constants, and negative modulation mediated by a reduction in the time spent in a long-lived open state of the receptor. Further kinetic modeling of the single-channel data suggested that the positive and negative modulatory effects are mediated by different gating steps which may represent GluN2 and GluN1 subunit-selective conformational changes, respectively. Our studies provide a unique mechanism of modulation of NMDARs by an endogenous neurosteroid, which has implications for identifying state-dependent molecules.
Power and Sample Size

In this chapter we discuss the power of the twin study to detect variance components in behavioral characters. Our discussion is not in any way intended to be an exhaustive description of the power of the twin study under all possible combinations of causal factors and model parameters. Such a description is in large part available for the continuous case (Martin et al.,1978) and there is an extensive comparison of the power of various designs to detect cultural transmission (Heath et al., 1985). As we move out of the framework of the univariate classical twin study to consider multivariate hypotheses and data from additional classes of relatives, a comprehensive treatment rapidly becomes unmanageably large. Fortunately, it seems rather unnecessary because the prospective researcher usually has certain specific aims of a study in mind, and often has a reasonable idea about the values of some of the parameters in the model. This information can be used to prune the prodigious tree of possible scenarios to manageable proportions. All that is required is an understanding of the principles involved, which we aim to provide in Section 9.2. We illustrate these methods with a limited range of examples for continuous and categorical twin data.
The structure of archaeological theory

Contradictory programmatic statements have increased uncertainty about the nature and roles of theory in archaeology. However, a framework can be constructed that ties together diverse kinds of theory that archaeologists use-and often create. Three overarching realms of theory can be recognized, each consisting of one or more functionally defined domains: social theory, reconstruction theory (the domains are material-culture dynamics and cultural and noncultural formation processes of the archaeological record), and methodological theory (the domains are recovery, analysis, and inference). Within each domain are high-level, mid-level, and low-level theories. Previous investigators often have overlooked the richness and complexity of archaeological theory, sometimes generalizing from a very narrow perspective.
Dynamic Rounding in Digital Video Processing: An Update

Over the past 15 years, the use of digital sampling, storage, and processing of broadcast video has grown from early applications in time base correctors and synchronizers to completely integrated digital post-production areas. Experience with 8-bit systems over the years, combined with other tests and realistic considerations of recording methods, led to the adoption of 8 bits as the primary level in the SMPTE/EBU digital standards. So why, given the acceptance of 8 bits, are dynamic rounding and increased resolution still under consideration? Where do the artifacts of this popular interface reveal themselves, thus promoting such debates? This article outlines the background to the discussions, reports on the progress of dynamic rounding, and proposes the positioning of the technique within the broadcast chain.
MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF THE HAND HYGIENE OF THE MEDICAL STAFF IN GUANGZHOU

Objective To explore the current problems of the hand hygiene of medical staff and provide the countermeasures by investigating and monitoring the situation of hand hygiene of the medical staffs in the hospital of different levels in Guangzhou. Methods An irregular sampling monitor of the hand hygiene of medical staff in medical activities were taken to analyze disinfection effects. Results For the monitored 188 medical staffs in 2014,the qualificatioin rate of disinfection effect was 84. 00%,and no significant differences were found in disinfection effect between doctors and the nurses( X2= 0. 024,p 0. 05). But there was a significant difference in the total qualification rate between 2014 and 2013( X2= 4. 346,p 0. 05). Among the key monitoring departments with high- risk of infection,including operating room,ICU,neonatal room,obstetrical department and hemodialysis room,to general departments,including clinics,treatment rooms and stomatological department,there were no significant differences in the qualified rate of hand hygiene effect( X2= 0. 854,p 0. 05). There were no significant differences in the qualification rate of hand hygiene among the hospitals of all levels,either( X2= 1. 100,p 0. 05). Conclusion The hand hygiene of all- level hospitals needs to be strengthened in management. The hand hygiene quality of medical staff needs to be improved by a long- term effective management combined with the monitoring,guidance and improvement of the corresponding measures to effectively prevent and control hospital infections.
Prokaryotic Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of Giardia lamblia C2 Strain SBDS Gene

The Shwachman – Bodian – Diamond syndrome( SBDS),a highly conserved protein in Archaea and eukaryotes,is known to influence many cellular processes including ribosome biogenesis,mitotic spindle assembly,chemotaxis. In order to express Giardia lambia( C2 strain) SBDS protein in E. coli,the full- length open reading frame of SBDS was amplified by PCR from Giardia lamblia genome DNA. The PCR product about 770 bp in length was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector p ET- 28a( +). Bioinformatics analysis showed that SBDS protein displayed three domains in three- dimensional space. Phylogenetic analysis showed a distant relationship of SBDS protein between Giardia lamblia and other eukaryotes. The recombinant SBDS protein was expressed in E. coli Rosetta( DE3) by IPTG induction. SDS- PAGE and Western blot showed that the expressed product of SBDS was a fusion protein about 29 k Da. The successful prokaryotic expression and bioinformatics analysis of Giardia lamblia SBDS protein provide basis for further study of SBDS.
Initial Segment Differentiation Begins During a Critical Window and Is Dependent upon Lumicrine Factors and SRC Proto-Oncogene (SRC) in the Mouse

Without a fully developed and functioning initial segment, the most proximal region of the epididymis, male infertility results. Therefore, it is important to understand the development of the initial segment. During postnatal development of the epididymis, many cellular processes of the initial segment are regulated by lumicrine factors, which are produced by the testis and enter the epididymis with testicular luminal fluid. In this report, we showed that prior to Postnatal Day 15 (P15), the initial segment was lumicrine factor independent in the mouse. However, from P19 onward, lumicrine factors were essential for the proliferation and survival of initial segment epithelial cells. Therefore, P15 to P19 was a critical window that established the dependency of lumicrine factors in the initial segment epithelium. The initial segment-specific kinase activity profile, a marker of initial segment differentiation, was also established during this window. The SFK (SRC proto-oncogene family kinases), ERK pathway (known as the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway) components, and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinases) pathway components had increased activities from P15 to P19, suggesting that lumicrine factors regulated SFK/ERK/AMPK signaling to initiate differentiation of the initial segment from P15 to P19. Compared with litter mate controls, juvenile Src null mice displayed lower levels of MAPK3/1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1) activity and a reduced level of differentiation in the initial segment epithelium, a similar phenotype resulting from inhibition of SRC activity within the window of P15 to P19. Therefore, lumicrine factor-dependent SRC activity signaling through MAPK3/1 is important for the initiation of initial segment differentiation during a critical window of development.
Hookah tobacco use and stressful life events in a sample of young non-daily cigarette smokers.

Introduction Understanding factors that influence hookah use among young adults is important given its increasing popularity and health risks. The purpose of this study was to examine whether young adult non-daily cigarette smokers use hookah for stress regulation. We hypothesized that greater perceived stress and greater stressful life events would predict probability and frequency of recent hookah use.
Molecular Motion in Matrices

The question of molecular motions in crystals is a relatively old scientific one and gradually data have been collected which demonstrate that molecular motions do exist at relatively low temperatures in many solids. Thus, it should not be surprising that many small molecules which are trapped in rare gas matrices show restricted rotation even at 12°K. We shall present a more or less historical review of the observations of molecular motions in rare gas matrices beginning with the early studies on the vibrational-rotational spectra of small molecules trapped in the rare gases and concluding with the more recent studies in the low frequency spectral region.
Cognitive aid use improves transition of care by graduating medical students during a simulated crisis

Background : Residents are expected to have transition of care (ToC) skills upon entering graduate medical education. It is unclear whether experience and training during medical school is adequate. Objective : The aim of the project was to assess: 1) graduating medical students’ ability to perform ToC in a crisis situation, and 2) whether using a cognitive aid improves the ToC quality. Methods : The authors developed simulation scenarios for rapid response teams and a cognitive aid to assist in the ToC during crisis situations. Graduating medical students were enrolled and randomly divided into teams of three students, randomly assigned into one of two groups: teams using a cognitive aid for ToC (CA), or not using a cognitive aid (nCA). In the scenario, teams respond to a deteriorating patient and then transfer care to the next provider after stabilization. Three faculty reviewed the recording to assess completeness of the ToC and the overall quality. A completeness score was expressed as a fraction of the maximum score. Statistical analysis was performed using a t -test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results : A total of 112 senior medical students participated: CA n =19, nCA n =17. The completeness score of the ToC and overall quality improved when using the cognitive aid (completeness score: CA 0.80±0.06 vs. nCA 0.52±0.07, p <0.01; ToC quality: CA 3.16±0.65 vs. nCA 1.92±0.56, p <0.01). Participants’ rating of knowledge and comfort with the ToC process increased after the simulation. Conclusion : The completeness of information transfer during the ToC process by graduating medical students improved by using a cognitive aid in a simulated patient crisis. Keywords: cognitive aid; transition of care; simulation; crisis management; rapid response; communication Citation: Med Educ Online 2016, 21 : 32118 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.32118
Self-gated 4D multiphase, steady-state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) using rotating cartesian K-space (ROCK): Validation in children with congenital heart disease

Purpose To develop and validate a cardiac-respiratory self-gating strategy for the recently proposed multiphase steady-state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) technique. Methods The proposed SG strategy uses the ROtating Cartesian K-space (ROCK) sampling, which allows for retrospective k-space binning based on motion surrogates derived from k-space center line. The k-space bins are reconstructed using a compressed sensing algorithm. Ten pediatric patients underwent cardiac MRI for clinical reasons. The original MUSIC and 2D-CINE images were acquired as a part of the clinical protocol, followed by the ROCK-MUSIC acquisition, all under steady-state intravascular distribution of ferumoxytol. Subjective scores and image sharpness were used to compare the images of ROCK-MUSIC and original MUSIC. Results All scans were completed successfully without complications. The ROCK-MUSIC acquisition took 5 ± 1 min, compared to 8 ± 2 min for the original MUSIC. Image scores of ROCK-MUSIC were significantly better than original MUSIC at the ventricular outflow tracts (3.9 ± 0.3 vs. 3.3 ± 0.6, P < 0.05). There was a strong trend toward superior image scores for ROCK-MUSIC in the other anatomic locations. Conclusion ROCK-MUSIC provided images of equal or superior image quality compared to original MUSIC, and this was achievable with 40% savings in scan time and without the need for physiologic signal. Magn Reson Med 78:472–483, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Nurses' Experiences of Spiritual Communication with Seriously III Children.

Abstract Objective: The goal of this study was to explore nurse experiences in communication with children about spiritual topics in order to develop training in this area. Background: Although spiritual care is essential in pediatric palliative care, few providers receive training about communication with ill children about spirituality. Methods: Researchers developed a brief survey to prompt nurses to reflect on pediatric palliative care experiences that included spiritual discussions. Nurses attending training courses voluntarily submitted stories. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed by members of the research team, consisting of two researchers with expertise in palliative care, spirituality, and communication and two expert pediatric palliative care clinicians. Results: Nurses' spiritual conversations with children revealed that children question God and the reason for their illness, have a desire to talk about the afterlife as a way of understanding their limited lifespan, and to share descr...
The ST2/IL-33 Axis in Immune Cells during Inflammatory Diseases

Il1rl1 (also known as ST2) is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and its only known ligand is IL-33. ST2 exists in two forms as splice variants: a soluble form (sST2), which acts as a decoy receptor, sequesters free IL-33, and does not signal, and a membrane bound form (ST2), which activates the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to enhance mast cell, Th2, regulatory T cell (Treg), and innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2) functions. sST2 levels are increased in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease, acute cardiac and small bowel transplant allograft rejection, colon and gastric cancers, gut mucosal damage during viral infection, pulmonary disease, heart disease, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Recently, sST2 has been shown to be secreted by intestinal pro-inflammatory T cells during gut inflammation; on the contrary, protective ST2 expressing Tregs are decreased, implicating that ST2/IL-33 signaling may play an important role in intestinal disease. This review will focus on what is known on its signaling during various inflammatory disease states and highlight potential avenues to intervene in ST2/IL-33 signaling as treatment options.
Ultra-thin plasmonic metal nitrides: Tailoring optical properties to photonic applications

In this study, we present recent developments on growing epitaxial quality, ultra-thin titanium nitride films that exhibit very good metallic/plasmonic properties, comparable with their bulk counterparts. The potential of these films for extreme light confinement and electrical control is discussed.
Expanding the Scope of Cross-Link Identifications by Incorporating Collisional Activated Dissociation and Ultraviolet Photodissociation Methods

With the advent of new cross-linking chemistries, analytical technologies, and search algorithms, cross-linking has become an increasingly popular strategy for evaluating tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. Collisional activated dissociation remains the primary MS/MS method for identifications of peptide cross-links in high throughput workflows. Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) at 193 nm has emerged as an alternative ion activation method well-suited for characterization of peptides and has been found in some cases to identify different peptides or provide distinctive sequence information than obtained by collisional activation methods. Complementary high energy collision dissociation (HCD) and UVPD were used in the present study to characterize protein cross-linking for bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin, and E. coli ribosome. Cross-links identified by HCD and UVPD using bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate (BS3), a homobifunctional amine-to-amine cross-linker, and 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-...
Perceptions of Ethical and Unethical Behavior in Recreation Research

This research explored selected ethical issues related to research and publication within the Recreation and Leisure Service profession as perceived by journal editors and reviewers. A convenience sample of 40 journal editors and reviewers completed a 31-item survey assessing 21 scenarios addressing ethical issues in research and publishing. Respondents were requested to indicate if the scenario represented: (a) ethical practice, (b) questionable practice, (c) unethical practice, or (d) whether a scenario was not an ethical issue. Of the 21 scenarios analyzed, two were considered ethical, six unethical, and one not an ethical issue by a majority of respondents. Analysis of the ethical status of the remaining 13 scenarios indicated slight to considerable perceptual differences among the sample. Demographic data indicated that a majority of respondents held a professional position as an academician, and that a plethora served in an editorial capacity for a professional journal for a minimum of 10 ye...
The School Library Benefits Everyone: Technology, Approaches, and Resources for Serving Students with Special Needs

Teachers serving students with disabilities often rely on the school library because of the diversity of resources, its positive association for many students, and the perception that it facilitates individualized attention. Media specialists and educators report that teachers typically send students with disabilities to the school library during “class-time” to complete individual or small group projects; reduce classroom disruptions; provide an opportunity to focus or “calm down;” provide access to alternative curriculum and instruction; and as a reward for positive behavior. The power of the school library program and the media specialist to improve student achievement is well documented. While this research does not specifically address students with special needs, it is highly likely that they can experience the same positive impact as their non-disabled peers if the school library has adaptive technology and the media specialist provides instructional accommodations to meet their needs. This chapter presents the impact of different disabling conditions on students’ learning and functioning, and discusses evidenced-based solutions for meeting the needs of exceptional students. The chapter summarizes the current literature on assistive technology for the school library program and describes informative resources, essential technologies, and implementation strategies. The chapter concludes with resources and approaches for collaborating with special educators and other specialists on behalf of students with special needs.
Approximately Finite Dimensional von Neumann Algebras

The classification of factors up to isomorphism has been the major focal point of the theory of operator algebras ever since the pioneering work of Murray and von Neumann. It’s completion is still far out of sight at the present time. It is now known that there are continuously many non-isomorphic separable factors of non-type I in each class: type II1, type II∞ and type IIIλ, 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1. Among these wild variety of factors, there is a one distinguished class of factors which are called approximately finite dimensional abbreviated AFD. The rest of this volume is mainly devoted to the study of AFD factors. This chapter is an easy inroad into the theory of AFD factors.
STEROID HORMONE METABOLISM IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA.

Individual metabolites of steroid hormones were isolated and measured from the urine of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The results were compared with earlier studies of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, men with prostatic cancer, women with breast cancer and normal men and women. The metabolites of hydrocortisone were in the normal range for the patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia but the amount of tetrahydrocortisol was generally greater than that of tetrahydrocortisone. There was no evidence for a sex difference in the production of these metabolites. The tentative conclusion was drawn that metabolites of the "adrenal androgens" were also in the normal range in chronic myelogenous leukemia. These results contrast with those in chronic lymphatic leukemia patients where a sex difference in production of hydrocortisone was evident and the metabolites of "adrenal androgens" were at low levels in both sexes.
The Impact of Heat Waves on Emergency Department Admissions in Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A

Heat waves have been linked to increases in emergency-related morbidity, but more research is needed on the demographic and disease-specific aspects of these morbidities. Using a case-crossover approach, over 700,000 daily emergency department hospital admissions in Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. from 2005–2016 are compared between warm season heat wave and non-heat wave periods. Heat waves are defined based on the exceedance, for at least three consecutive days, of two apparent temperature thresholds (35 °C and 37 °C) that account for 3 and 6% of the period of record. Total admissions and admissions for whites, blacks, males, females, and 20–49 years old are significantly elevated during heat waves, as are admissions related to a variety of diagnostic categories, including diabetes, pregnancy complications, and injuries and poisoning. Evidence that heat waves raise emergency department admissions across numerous demographic and disease categories suggests that heat exerts comorbidity influences that extend beyond the more well-studied direct relationships such as heat strokes and cardiac arrest.
EBUS-TBNA diagnosis of localised amyloidosis presenting as mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Amyloidosis is a unique disease of localised or systemic deposition of the abnormal extracellular fibril. Localised amyloidosis generally takes a benign course, while systemic requires treatment. Adenopathy, especially mediastinal adenopathy, is an unusual manifestation of localised amyloidosis and often requires mediastinoscopy or surgical resection for diagnosis. With the advent of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), there is potential for a less invasive diagnostic approach. We report a rare case of localised mediastinal amyloidosis diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA.
Management of Intradural and Extradural Spinal Schwannomas

Spinal schwannomas are benign and round encapsulated neoplasms of Schwann cell progenitors. Schwannomas are relatively common and can come in a number of different variants that include cellular, plexiform, or melanotic. Diagnosis begins with a thorough history and neurological examination. Other diagnostic tests include imaging, electromyogram, and nerve conduction velocity test data. Spinal schwannomas can be intradural or extradural, or rarely intramedullary. The tumor location is important for surgical approach and treatment strategy. Often affected nerve roots can be sacrificed without substantial motor deficit. Here we review the current surgical approaches and treatments for several types of schwannoma. Also reviewed are dumbbell tumor management, potential complications, as well as usefulness of neural monitoring.
Evaluation of Fructooligosaccharide Supplementation of Oral Electrolyte Solutions for Treatment of Diarrhea (Recovery of the Intestinal Bacteria)

Although oral electrolyte solutions (OES) replenish salts and water lost during diarrhea, present formulations do not address disturbances of the normal intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of an OES with and without fructooligosaccharide (FOS) for treatment of pigs with acute secretory diarrhea induced by cholera toxin. Before, during, and after diarrhea, bacteriologic evaluation was made of contents collected from the mid small intestine, cecum, and distal colon and mucosa scraped from the mid small intestine. Diarrhea caused significant declines in total bacterial counts of contents from all three regions, with less of an impact on bacteria associated with the mucosa. Although total bacterial counts recovered within 24 hr, regardless of treatment, densities of Enterobacteriaceae were higher in pigs treated with OES whereas those receiving FOS had more lactobacilli. Our results show that secretory diarrhea disturbs the normal densities and relative species abundance of the microbiota, with the influences more pronounced for contents relative to the mucosa, and that adding FOS to OES accelerates the recovery of bacteria perceived as beneficial while potentially slowing the recovery of pathogenic forms.
XBFS: eXploring Runtime Optimizations for Breadth-First Search on GPUs

Attracted by the enormous potentials of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), an array of efforts has surged to deploy Breadth-First Search (BFS) on GPUs, which, however, often exploits the static mechanisms to address the challenges that are dynamic in nature. Such a mismatch prevents us from achieving the optimal performance for offloading graph traversal on GPUs. To this end, we propose XBFS that leverages the runtime optimizations atop GPUs to cope with the nondeterministic characteristics of BFS with the following three techniques: First, XBFS adaptively exploits four either new or optimized frontier queue generation designs to accommodate various BFS levels that present dissimilar features. Second, inspired by the observation that the workload associated with each vertex is not proportional to its degree in bottom-up, we design three new strategies to better balance the workload. Third, XBFS introduces the first truly asynchronous bottom-up traversal which allows BFS to visit vertices for multiple levels at a single iteration with both theoretical soundness and practical benefits. Taken together, XBFS is, on average, 3.5×, 4.9×, 11.2× and 6.1× faster than the state-of-the-art Enterprise, Tigr, Gunrock on a Quadro P6000 GPU and Ligra on a 24-core Intel Xeon Platinum 8175M CPU. Note, the CPU used for Ligra is more expensive than the GPU for XBFS.
(Inter)National Pastime: Depicting Nationality in Local and National Major League Baseball Broadcasts

This study examined Major League Baseball (MLB) broadcasters’ descriptions of players through the lens of self-categorization theory. Two core variables were assessed: nationality (American or non-...
Total body irradiation (TBI) and risk of breast subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN) after blood or marrow transplantation (BMT): A report from the BMT survivor study (BMTSS).

11572Background: The association between TBI and breast SMN in BMT recipients is not clearly defined. We address this limitation to develop evidence for screening guidelines for those at risk. Meth...
Bone Marrow Features in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Novel Targeted Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1/2 Inhibitors

This case report aimed to review the bone marrow features of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) inhibitors. Five patients with AML treated with an IDH1/2 inhibitor were identified and retrospectively reviewed. We described the morphologic and immunophenotypic findings in the bone marrow, as well as ancillary study results. Two patients showed a hypercellular bone marrow with morphologic and immunophenotypic differentiation of blasts. The bone marrow of one patient displayed a hypoplastic phase. Four of the five patients demonstrated unusual morphologic and/or immunophenotypic populations, including basophilia with mild alterations on the myeloid blasts, a small subset of blasts with expression of T-cell markers not seen in the original immunophenotype, a cluster of differentiation 117 (CD117)-positive progenitor population with erythroid differentiation, and another population reminiscent of erythroid differentiation. Unusual morphologic and immunophenotypic populations can be seen in the bone marrows of patients treated with IDH1/2 inhibitors in the presence or absence of definite residual disease. The significance of these populations is uncertain, but further studies could be helpful to understand the meaning of these findings.
Proactive Personality as a Double-Edged Sword: The Mediating Role of Work–Family Conflict on Employee Outcomes:

In this study, we examine the effects of proactive personality on employees’ perceptions of conflict in the work and family domains and work-related outcomes. We test our hypotheses using survey da...
The impact of an automated antibiotic stewardship intervention for the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia utilizing the electronic health record

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) management bundles have been shown to improve performance measures and clinical outcomes. SAB bundles often require direct intervention by infectious diseases (ID) physicians or antibiotic stewardship programme (ASP) members or pharmacists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an automated, real-time ASP intervention utilizing clinical decision support (CDS) in the electronic health record (EHR) for the management of SAB. METHODS A retrospective, single-centre quasi-experimental study of hospitalized patients with known SAB was conducted. The intervention was the implementation of a hard-stop best practice advisory (BPA) alert that would prompt physicians to use an electronic order set, on identification of SAB, with management recommendations, including ID consultation. The primary outcome was overall adherence to six institutional ASP SAB bundle elements. Secondary outcomes included both clinical and process outcomes. RESULTS A total of 227 patients were included, 111 in the pre-intervention and 116 in the post-intervention period. Completion of all six bundle elements improved by 27.2% in the post-intervention group (29.7% versus 56.9%, P < 0.001). BPA activation and order-set utilization occurred in 95.7% and 57.8% in the post-intervention group, respectively. Composite outcome of 30 day mortality or 90 day readmission with SAB complication decreased in the post-intervention group by 9.6% (24.3% versus 14.7%, P = 0.092). CONCLUSIONS Optimization of CDS within the EHR, using real-time BPA alert and order set, demonstrated an immediate, sustainable intervention that improved adherence to institutional performance measures for SAB management without direct prospective audit with intervention and feedback.
The Effects of a Computerized Monitoring System of Psychotropic Medication Use by People with Developmental Disabilities on Staff Reported Side Effects

An experiment was conducted in which direct-care staff monitored potential side effects of medications taken by people with developmental disabilities. The effect of a computerized medication monitoring system on reports of medication side effects was evaluated. Results indicated that the total number of side effects reported by direct-care staff was generally higher when using the computerized medication monitoring system than what was reported on the agency's current system. These results suggest that using a computerized medication monitoring system may be a practical method for measuring side effects of psychotropic medication with people with developmental disabilities. Furthermore, this study's results indicate that providing direct-care staff with specific prompts for adverse side effects increases the likelihood that staff will provide a comprehensive report of all potential side effects experienced by consumers.
Net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from feed additive use in California dairy cattle

The livestock industry is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and there is an increasing demand for the industry to reduce its carbon footprint. Several studies have shown that feed additives 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate to be effective in reducing enteric methane emissions. The objective of this study was to estimate the net mitigating effect of using 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate on total greenhouse gas emissions in California dairy industry. A life cycle assessment approach was used to conduct a cradle-to-farm gate environmental impact analysis based on dairy production system in California. Emissions associated with crop production, feed additive production, enteric methane, farm management, and manure storage were calculated and expressed as kg CO 2 equivalents (CO 2 e) per kg of energy corrected milk. The total greenhouse gas emissions from baseline, two 3-nitroxypropanol and three nitrate scenarios were 1.12, 0.993, 0.991, 1.08, 1.07, and 1.09 kg CO 2 e/kg energy corrected milk. The average net reduction rates for 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate were 11.7% and 3.95%, respectively. In both cases, using the feed additives on the whole herd slightly improved overall carbon footprint reduction compared to limiting its use during lactation phase. Although both 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate had effects on decreasing the total greenhouse gas emission, the former was much more effective with no known safety issues in reducing the carbon footprint of dairy production in California.
Instagram as a Window to Societal Perspective on Mental Health, Gender, and Race: Observational Pilot Study.

Background: Gender and race are known to impact attitudes toward mental health topics and help-seeking behavior. Men and minorities are more likely to cite stigma as a reason for not seeking help for mental health concerns, which is of particular relevance given the high rate of suicide in men and challenges of historic proportion currently facing minority communities. Instagram provides a platform to discuss mental health, though a lack of male and minority representation may further alienate these populations. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether men and nonwhite individuals are underrepresented in Instagram photos tagged with #mentalhealth (compared to photos tagged with #health) to better understand how gender and race-based representations are manifested on this popular social media platform and discuss the implications. Methods: Three investigators of different genders and racial backgrounds met on nine different days via teleconference to analyze a total of 215 publicly available Instagram photos tagged with #mentalhealth and 215 with #health. These photos were generated using Instagram’s search function, and search results were sorted by most recently published at the time of data collection. For each photo, the three investigators recorded their observations about the gender (male versus female) and race (white versus nonwhite versus racially unclassifiable) of subjects featured in the photo, which they did not discuss with other investigators. Chi-squared analysis was performed on each investigator’s data set to compare the frequency of male versus female and white versus nonwhite subjects identified in each hashtag category. Kappa interrater agreement was calculated for each investigator pair, category (gender or race), and hashtag. Results: All three investigators observed significantly more female as compared to male subjects in photos tagged with #mentalhealth (X2=14.4, P<.001 for all investigators) while observing no significant difference between numbers of male and female subjects in photos tagged with #health (X2=1.533, P=.22; X2=1.241, P=.27; X2=0.096, P=.76). All three investigators identified significantly more white than nonwhite subjects in photos tagged with both #health and #mentalhealth (X2 values range from 11.912 to 98.927, P<.001 for all). Kappa interrater agreement revealed almost perfect agreement for gender (kappa=0.908-0.992) with the agreement for race ranging from 0.614 to 0.822, depending on hashtag and rater pair. Conclusions: Women are featured more frequently than men in Instagram photos tagged with #mentalhealth. The topic of #health, meanwhile, is not gendered this way. Low visibility of mental health among men may both represent and exacerbate existing stigma and barriers to care. White subjects are featured significantly more frequently than nonwhite subjects in photos tagged with both #mentalhealth and #health. Directed interventions using the Instagram platform may be indicated to increase the visibility of underrepresented groups and break the cycle of stigma. Trial Registration:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data from lightly Pd doped TiO2 anatase nanoparticles

Two sets of XPS spectra from ≈13 nm slightly Pd-doped anatase TiO2 particles are reported. Anatase is the most stable form of TiO2 for small particles, and these spectra are the first spectra from nano-sized anatase to appear in Surface Science Spectra. The high resolution Ti 2p spectrum has an extended range showing important loss features not appearing in most of the earlier data records. The O 1s spectrum also has loss features often ignored, and in this case, the loss features are overlapped by some of the Ti 2s peak features that complicate quantitative analysis. The spectra reported here were used as example spectra in a guide to backgrounds in XPS, and the availability of these spectra in digital form allows LRH-analysts to compare their background selections and analysis approach to those discussed in the guide.
Gender and authorship trends in rhinology, allergy, and skull‐base literature from 2008 to 2018

BACKGROUND A recent analysis suggested potential narrowing of the gender gap in research productivity in the field of rhinology. This analysis did not, however, provide insight into how the genders are represented in the rhinologic literature. This study aimed to evaluate 11 years of literature to evaluate for gender differences in authorship position, collaborations, category and content of research, citations, and funding to gain perspective on how gender and authorship has changed over time. METHODS Authorship data for all articles on rhinologic subject matter published between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018 in four otolaryngology journals was collected. The gender of authors was determined by protocol. Category and content of research and funding status/source were additionally obtained. RESULTS Data were collected from 2666 articles. Gender of 14,510 authors was determined. Female authors accounted for 23% of the overall authors and male authors accounted for 77%. Female first authorship increased significantly over time, but there was no change in female senior authorship. The percentage of female authors steadily increased over time, whereas male authorship decreased slightly. Mixed gender teams were shown to be increasing in frequency. Women published more than expected in basic science and allergy and less than expected in skull base. On funded studies, women were significantly underrepresented as senior authors. CONCLUSION This study represents the first assessment of gender differences in the rhinology literature. Areas where female representation can improve include senior authorship, increased involvement in skull base publications, and increased funding.
Ion Channels and Cardiac Arrhythmia in Heart Disease

The sections in this article are: 1 Background 1.1 The Clinical Problem—Tachyrhythmia in Structural Heart Disease 1.2 Arrythmia and Mechanisms 1.3 Currents Underlying the Action Potential 1.4 The Role of Ion Channels in Arrhythmia 2 Electrophysiology of Acquired Heart Disease 2.1 Human and Animal Models for Cellular and Molecular Electrophysiology 2.2 Specific Cellular Electrophysiological Changes in Acquired Heart Disease 3 Ion Channel Changes in Acquired Heart Disease 3.1 General Considerations 3.2 Specific Ion Currents and Arrhythmia 3.3 Summary of Electrical Remodeling in Acquired Heart Disease 4 The Long Q-T Syndrome 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Arrhythmic Mechanism 4.3 Molecular Mechanisms 4.4 Implications for Therapy 4.5 Present Status 5 Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation 6 Inherited Cardiomyopathy 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Clinical Picture 6.3 Arrhythmic Mechanisms
Linear equality constraints and homomorphous mappings in PSO

We present a homomorphous mapping that converts problems with linear equality constraints into fully unconstrained and lower-dimensional problems for optimization with PSO. This approach, in contrast with feasibility preservation methods, allows any unconstrained optimization algorithm to be applied to a problem with linear equality constraints, making available tools that are known to be effective and simplifying the process of choosing an optimizer for these kinds of constrained problems. The application of some PSO algorithms to a problem that has undergone the mapping presented here is shown to be more effective and more consistent than other approaches to handling linear equality constraints in PSO
BPZ Bootstrap and Minimal Models

In the original pioneering paper of Belavin, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov (BPZ) [1], two questions were asked. Is conformal invariance by itself sufficiently restrictive to uniquely determine all Green’s functions of a conformal field theory? If not, then what additional conditions are necessary before we can solve for Green’s functions?
Studies of membrane formation in Tetrahymena pyriformis: IX. Variations in intracellular phospholipid and protein deployment during the cell division cycle

Abstract Tetrahymena pyriformis , strain GL, synchronized by the 1 heat shock/generation method, was pulse-labeled at various times during the division cycle with either 32 P t or 3 H-leucine. Significant differences were noted in the amounts of 32 P-phospholipids and 3 H-proteins incorporated into individual cell fractions. In the case of lipids, mitochondria and microsomes were most actively labeled before the onset of cytokinesis whereas cilia and ciliary supernatant received most radioactivity during division. Comparison of labeling data for proteins and lipids of a particular organelle indicated that an enhanced incorporation of proteins generally preceded the peak of lipid incorporation and is apparently the triggering step leading to selective membrane expansion during the cell division cycle. The observed periodic increases in lipid labeling were therefore the result not the cause, of the amplified incorporation of specific proteins.
Intensity-Based Non-rigid Registration Using Adaptive Multilevel Free-Form Deformation with an Incompressibility Constraint

A major problem with non-rigid image registration techniques in many applications is their tendency to reduce the volume of contrast-enhancing structures [10]. Contrast enhancement is an intensity inconsistency, which is precisely what intensity-based registration algorithms are designed to minimize. Therefore, contrast-enhanced structures typically shrink substantially during registration, which affects the use of the resulting transformation for volumetric analysis, image subtraction, and multispectral classification. A common approach to address this problem is to constrain the deformation. In this paper we present a novel incompressibility constraint approach that is based on the Jacobian determinant of the deformation and can be computed rapidly. We apply our intensity-based non-rigid registration algorithm with this incompressibility constraint to two clinical applications (MR mammography, CT-DSA) and demonstrate that it produces high-quality deformations (as judged by visual assessment) while preserving the volume of contrast-enhanced structures.
Nonrecursive adaptive decision-feedback equalization from channel estimates

The performance and complexity of channel estimate-based equalizer adaptation are considered. It is shown via simulation of terrestrial mobile radio channels that both initialization and tracking performance of a fractionally spaced decision feedback equalizer (DFE) are improved over conventional, recursive adaptation algorithms. A plausible explanation for the improvement is provided, and the computational requirements of this approach are compared with those of conventional adaptation methods. Those requirements can be minimized by taking advantage of the structure of the DFE coefficient equations. The complexity is compared with that of a conventional adaptive DFE. >
The Affordable Care Act and the Politics of the Medicaid Expansion

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) seeks near-universal health insurance coverage in the USA. Medicaid is central to this expansion: half of the newly enrolled population was initially scheduled to participate in the program by extending eligibility to all households with income at or below 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. However, in 2012 the Supreme Court ruled that states had a choice of whether to adopt the expansion. Currently, 23 states have opted out, undermining the ACA significantly. This article assesses how partisanship, in the overall context of the neoliberal agenda, has affected US state governments in making the decision as to whether they will participate in this key component of President Obama's reform bill. It contends that Democrats and Republicans have separate but interrelated visions for the neoliberal state. The article also discusses how a number of reluctant states are attempting to take advantage of federal expansion money by proposing market-based alt...
Higher education in Japan

Higher education has not been an important element in Japan's rise to the status of an economic superpower. While education through high school is rigorous and demanding, that of colleges and unive...