cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What is a category? The case of rough-and-tumble play.

Abstract The intent of this paper is to outline a process by which we redefined an ambiguous behavioral category, rough-and-tumble play (R&T), using ethological and ethnographic methods (i.e., factor analyses, motivational/functional analyses, and interviews). Results suggest that sociometrically rejected and popular elementary school children have different concepts of R&T. For the former group, R&T and aggression seem to be interrelated and serve similar functions, while for the latter group R&T is a playful, social affiliative category. Interview results suggest that a cognitive processing difference between the groups may be at the root of this difference.
Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcomas are primary bone tumors of osteoblastic origin that mostly affect adolescent patients. These tumors are highly aggressive and metastatic. Previous reports indicate that gain of function of a key osteoblastic differentiation factor, Runx2, leads to growth inhibition in osteosarcoma. We have previously established that Runx2 transcriptionally regulates expression of a major proapoptotic factor, Bax. Runx2 is regulated via proteasomal degradation, and proteasome inhibition has a stimulatory effect on Runx2. In this study, we hypothesized that proteasome inhibition will induce Runx2 and Runx2-dependent Bax expression sensitizing osteosarcoma cells to apoptosis. Our data showed that a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, increased Runx2 and Bax in osteosarcoma cells. In vitro, bortezomib suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells but not in nonmalignant osteoblasts. Experiments involving intratibial tumor xenografts in nude mice demonstrated significant tumor regression in bortezomib-treated animals. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that bortezomib inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma xenografts. These effects correlated with increased immunoreactivity for Runx2 and Bax. In summary, our results indicate that bortezomib suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo suggesting that proteasome inhibition may be effective as an adjuvant to current treatment regimens for these tumors. Published 2009 UICC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Comments on "Efficient angular spectrum decomposition of acoustic sources-parts I and II"[with reply]

Problems with the angular spectrum analysis of a recent pair of papers (see ibid., vol. 40, p. 238-49, 1993 and vol. 40, p. 250-57, 1993)are described. An alternative numerically correct approach is described and is used to efficiently and accurately re-compute a result considered in the original papers. The original authors give their reply to the comments. >
Dynamics of chemical bonding mapped by energy-resolved 4D electron microscopy.

Chemical bonding dynamics are fundamental to the understanding of properties and behavior of materials and molecules. Here, we demonstrate the potential of time-resolved, femtosecond electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for mapping electronic structural changes in the course of nuclear motions. For graphite, it is found that changes of milli–electron volts in the energy range of up to 50 electron volts reveal the compression and expansion of layers on the subpicometer scale (for surface and bulk atoms). These nonequilibrium structural features are correlated with the direction of change from sp^2 [two-dimensional (2D) graphene] to sp^3 (3D-diamond) electronic hybridization, and the results are compared with theoretical charge-density calculations. The reported femtosecond time resolution of four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy represents an advance of 10 orders of magnitude over that of conventional EELS methods.
Renal oxypurine deposition in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: sonographic evaluation.

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive disorder of purine metabolism associated with a virtually complete deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT). The disease is characterized by hyperuricemia, self-multilation, choreoathetosis, spasticity, and mental retardation. The abnormalities of purine metabolism are present at birth and may lead to uric acid crystalluria and stone formation early in life [1]. Radiographic findings described in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome include faintly radio-opaque stones on abdominal radiographs or, if renal disease is present, small kidneys with poor function on intravenous urogram. Radiolucent stones are usually composed of uric acid; however, several cases of xanthine and hypoxanthine-containing calculi in Lesch-Nyhan patients receiving allopurinl therapy have also been described [2, 3]. Oxypurine is the collective name for the compounds hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid, and all may be radiolucent. We report a case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome with presumed renal parenchymal oxypurine deposition demonstrated readily by ultrasonography but not detected on standard radiographs or intravenous urograms.
Quick analytical separation of glucose and fructose with impregnated woven glass fiber

Abstract (1) A wide separation of glucose and fructose was obtained in 30 min with simple, inexpensive equipment using polysilicic impregnated woven glass fiber and the solvent acetone— n -butanol—1 M H 3 BO 3 (50:40:10). (2) A calibration of a radiochronmatogram scanner was performed for 11 C. (3) Three R F values could be compared to provide positive chemical identification of [ 11 C]glucose and [ 11 ]fructose. (4) Radiochemical composition and approximate specific activity were determined from a small aliquot (1–4 μl).
Correlated changes in membrane potential and ATP concentrations in Neurospora.

IN a variety of tissues, electrical events seem to be more closely associated with the active transport of ions and with metabolism than with the concentration gradients of ions per se. This is evident in the generation of some transepithelial potentials, for example in gastric mucosa1; in the hyperpolarization of sodium-loaded (and pumping) nerve and muscle cells2–4 and in the rapid depolarization produced by respiratory inhibitors in fungi, algae and higher plant cells5–7. Such phenomena may be described in terms of the electrogenic ion pump which separates charges across the cell membrane, thus generating a potential gradient along which ions will move. What is not certain, however, is whether the energy for this particular mode of ion transport is provided by ATP—which clearly drives the neutral coupled pumping of ions in many tissues8—or comes more directly from electron transfer, as suggested by Conway's “redox pump” hypothesis9,10. We have examined this question for the fungus Neurospora, in which the relationship between metabolic and electrical events seems particularly close.
Social Comparison Theory Psychology from the Lost and Found

The history of Festinger's social comparison theory is traced from its publication in 1954 to its celebration at the APA convention in 1984. Social comparison theory received little attention after its original publication. Possible explanations include Festinger's turning to dissonance theory and the relatively low circulation of the journal in which it was published, Human Relations. The theory was kept alive by Schachter's work on affiliation and emotions and by the papers published in Latane's (1966) JESP Social Comparison supplement. After the 1966 supplement, work by Pettigrew, Brickman, and Wheeler and the linkage of social comparison to attribution theory rekindled interest in comparison processes. This interest culminated in the publication of Suls and Miller's (1977) book on social comparison. Interest in social comparison is predicted to remain high because of the centrality of social comparison processes in overall self-evaluation and their relevance to a wide range of social psychological con...
Reactions of cobaloximes with vinyl allenes as a route to 1-cobaloxime substituted 1,3-dienyl complexes

Abstract The preparation of two vinyl allenes are described along with their hydrometallation reactions to produce 1-cobaloxime substituted 1,3-dienyl complexes. Thermal and Lewis acid catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions of these dienyl complexes are then discussed.
RANDOM SURFACE ANISOTROPY AND THE MAGNETIZATION OF EPITAXIALLY GROWN THIN FILMS

On introduit un modele d'une couche mince magnetique incluant les anisotropies coherentes de volume et de surface ainsi qu'une anisotropie incoherente, aleatoire, de surface. Presentation d'un diagramme de phase montrant les etats d'aimantation stable dans l'espace epaisseur-anisotropie de surface. Discussion des cas de Feα sur GaAs
Correlation of acute myocardial infarct scintigraphy with postmortem studies

Acute myocardial infarct scintigraphy with technetium-99m-pyrophosphate was performed in a patient with an acute massive transmural infarct. The patient died 12 hours later, and postmortem tracer studies demonstrated a tracer concentration ratio of 13:1 between acutely infarcted myocardium and normal myocardium remote from the infarct. The concentration of tracer in tissue bordering on the infarct but without histologic evidence of acute infarction was 1.5 times that in normal tissue remote from the infarct. In vitro scintigraphy of the excised heart revealed a pattern of tracer distribution similar to that of scintiscans obtained before death. The biologic distribution of 99mTc-pyrophosphate, with large tracer concentrations only within the acutely infarcted tissue, suggests that acute myocardial infarct scintigraphy can be used to estimate the extent of an acute myocardial infarct.
The Impact of rebranding on guest satisfaction and financial performance: A case study of Holiday Inn Singapore Orchard City Centre

Existing literature has shown that effective branding/ re-branding can positively impact customer purchase preferences and intentions, satisfaction and loyalty and a firm’s financial performance. Building on these links, this paper investigated if there was a significant improvement in the Holiday Inn Singapore Orchard City Centre’s guest satisfaction (OSAT) and financial performance after its rebranding. Paired-samples analyses were conducted on the hotel’s preand post-rebranding guest satisfaction, occupancy, average daily rates (ADR), revenue per available room (RevPAR), revenue and net operating profit (NOP). Overall, the results revealed that after the rebranding, HISOCC’s occupancy and RevPAR increased significantly; ADR and OSAT reflected non-significant increases; while NOP reflected a non-significant decrease. The nonsignificant results may be explained by anomalous performance in key hotel operational areas and slow demand during Lunar Chinese New Year in the post-rebranding period. While this paper only analyzed one rebranding case study, it is noted that the results do provide support to the existing literature on branding/rebranding, guest satisfaction and loyalty, and financial performance. More empirical studies that analyze hotels’ performance over longer time periods post-rebranding, the inter-relationships between the constructs of hotel brand equity, satisfaction and financial performance, and other extraneous factors are recommended to deepen the understanding on the impact of rebranding on guest satisfaction and financial performance.
A gene for a novel zinc-finger protein expressed in differentiated epithelial cells and transiently in certain mesenchymal cells.

We have identified a novel zinc-finger protein whose mRNA is expressed at high levels in the epidermal layer of the skin and in epithelial cells in the tongue, palate, esophagus, stomach, and colon of newborn mice. Expression in epithelial cells is first detected at the time of their differentiation during embryonic development. In addition, during early embryonic development there is expression in mesenchymal cells of the skeletal primordia and the metanephric kidney which is later down-regulated. The expression pattern suggests that the protein could be involved in terminal differentiation of several epithelial cell types and could also be involved in early differentiation of the skeleton and kidney. The carboxyl terminus of the protein contains three zinc fingers with a high degree of homology to erythroid kruppel-like factor and binds to DNA fragments containing CACCC motifs. The amino-terminal portion of the protein is proline and serine-rich and can function as a transcriptional activator. The chromosomal location of the gene was mapped using mouse interspecific backcrosses and was shown to localize to mouse chromosome 4 and to cosegregate with the thioredoxin gene.
Relationship between disc injury and manual lifting: a poroelastic finite element model study.

AbstractUnderstanding how failure originates in a lumbar motion segment subjected to loading conditions that are representative of manual lifting is important because it will pave the way for a better formulation of the exposure—injury relationship. The aim of the current investigation was to use a poroelastic finite element model of a human lumbar disc to determine its biomechanical characteristics under loading conditions that corresponded to three different, commonly occurring lifting activities and to identify the most hazardous type of loading with regard to damage to the disc. The current study showed that asymmetric lifting may increase the risk of back injury and pain. Lifting that involved lateral bending (asymmetric lifting) of the trunk was found to produce stresses at a localized area in the annulus, annuluar fibres, end plates, and facet joints that were higher than their respective tissue failure strength. Thus asymmetric lifting, if performed over a large number of cycles, might help to pro...
Tissue-engineered intervertebral discs produce new matrix, maintain disc height, and restore biomechanical function to the rodent spine

Lower back and neck pain are leading physical conditions for which patients see their doctors in the United States. The organ commonly implicated in this condition is the intervertebral disc (IVD), which frequently herniates, ruptures, or tears, often causing pain and limiting spinal mobility. To date, approaches for replacement of diseased IVD have been confined to purely mechanical devices designed to either eliminate or enable flexibility of the diseased motion segment. Here we present the evaluation of a living, tissue-engineered IVD composed of a gelatinous nucleus pulposus surrounded by an aligned collagenous annulus fibrosus in the caudal spine of athymic rats for up to 6 mo. When implanted into the rat caudal spine, tissue-engineered IVD maintained disc space height, produced de novo extracellular matrix, and integrated into the spine, yielding an intact motion segment with dynamic mechanical properties similar to that of native IVD. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of engineering a functional spinal motion segment and represent a critical step in developing biological therapies for degenerative disc disease.
The Personal Server: Changing the Way We Think about Ubiquitous Computing

The Personal Server is a mobile device that enables you to readily store and access the data and applications you carry with you through interfaces found in the local environment. Unlike conventional mobile computers with relatively poor user interfaces, it does not have a display at all, instead wirelessly utilizing displays, keyboards and other IO devices found nearby. By co-opting large screens such as those found on desktop PCs, public display monitors, information kiosks, and other computers, a Personal Server is more effective than relying on a small mobile screen. This model goes beyond the mobile context and has wider implications for how we think about computing in general. A prototype system, including applications, system infrastructure, and a mobile platform, has been built to fully explore this model. This prototype sheds light on the suitability of standard components to support such a computing model, and from this illuminates directions for the design of future ubiquitous computing systems.
Sources and Structures of Mitotic Crossovers That Arise When BLM Helicase Is Absent in Drosophila

The Bloom syndrome helicase, BLM, has numerous functions that prevent mitotic crossovers. We used unique features of Drosophila melanogaster to investigate origins and properties of mitotic crossovers that occur when BLM is absent. Induction of lesions that block replication forks increased crossover frequencies, consistent with functions for BLM in responding to fork blockage. In contrast, treatment with hydroxyurea, which stalls forks, did not elevate crossovers, even though mutants lacking BLM are sensitive to killing by this agent. To learn about sources of spontaneous recombination, we mapped mitotic crossovers in mutants lacking BLM. In the male germline, irradiation-induced crossovers were distributed randomly across the euchromatin, but spontaneous crossovers were nonrandom. We suggest that regions of the genome with a high frequency of mitotic crossovers may be analogous to common fragile sites in the human genome. Interestingly, in the male germline there is a paucity of crossovers in the interval that spans the pericentric heterochromatin, but in the female germline this interval is more prone to crossing over. Finally, our system allowed us to recover pairs of reciprocal crossover chromosomes. Sequencing of these revealed the existence of gene conversion tracts and did not provide any evidence for mutations associated with crossovers. These findings provide important new insights into sources and structures of mitotic crossovers and functions of BLM helicase.
Homography-Based Vision Algorithm for Traffic Sign Attribute Computation

Abstract: Traffic signs are transportation assets important for roadway safety. Traffic sign attributes are typically collected manually in the field, which is time-consuming, costly, and dangerous. This article proposes an algorithm to extract traffic sign attributes, including height, tilted angle, location, and sign-to-camera distance, from video log images. The article makes two contributions. First, the article develops an algorithm that computes traffic sign attributes by applying a homography-based computation model. The algorithm has four main steps: homography computation, camera calibration, sign pose calculation, and computation of traffic sign attributes. Second, the article uses three-coordinate systems to solve out-of-view and occlusion problems; sign attributes can be computed when the bottom of a sign is occluded by objects like grass or is not available in the image due to the camera's angle of view. Simulation data was first used to test the algorithm performance with different noise levels, sign-to-camera distances, and calibration errors, which are difficult to obtain from real data. A typical 60 cm × 75 cm rectangular speed limit sign, 3 m high and with a 6° tilted angle, was created for the simulation. Under a typical 8 m measurement distance and 0.5 pixel noise level, the computed sign angle has an error of 0.4 ° with a standard deviation of 4.0 °. The means and standard deviations for the errors of the height and sign-to-camera distance are 10 cm, 18 cm, and 1 cm, 4 cm, respectively. In the real image test, the algorithm was further validated by the images collected from the Georgia Tech campus and by using the actual video log images taken from Georgia State Route 10 and provided by the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT). The experiments show that the algorithm could work well for traffic signs with different types and shapes. Future research is also discussed.
Biases of April 1 snow water equivalent records in the Sierra Nevada and their associations with large-scale climate indices

Do the April 1 snow course measurements underestimate the snow accumulation peak in the Sierra Nevada, thus possibly introducing biases in studies of trends and interannual variability that use the April 1 data? Although their period of record is many decades shorter, measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) from automated snow pillows provide daily records throughout each year, enabling us to examine the timing and magnitude of the maximum SWE accumulation. Using generalized additive mixed models, on average, we find that the peak occurs earlier than April 1 at the lowest elevations and later than April 1 at the highest elevations and that the degree to which April 1 SWE under-measures maximum SWE is greatest at the lowest and highest elevations. In addition, our results show that the biases are associated with cold and warm phase interactions of certain climate indices.
What Are the AAEA Meetings Worth

Attendee valuations of AAEA meetings are estimated using the Professional Activities Committee survey of the 1990 Vancouver meetings. Meeting participation, direct expenditures, and willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) are presented. WTP is described in a utility maximization framework and estimated by censored regression. Respondents spent an average $@@‐@@1,022 attending the meetings and were willing to pay an additional $@@‐@@399. Meeting benefits increased with duration and frequency of attendance. Members of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists benefited more than did nonmembers. Respondents with service appointments, associate professors, and Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Society members benefited less than did their respective counterparts.
Culture and Probability Judgment

Many, if not most, real-life decisions depend heavily on judgments, which are opinions as to what was, is, or will be the state of some relevant aspect of the world. Thus, for instance, physicians’ medical treatment decisions are often predicated on judgments as to the true cause of the patient’s symptoms, and jurors’ verdicts rest on their beliefs about whether the defendant actually committed the crime in question. Studies have shown that the kinds of judgments that inform people’s decisions can differ substantially and surprisingly according to the cultural backgrounds (e.g., Chinese versus Japanese versus American) of those rendering the judgments, particularly judgments expressed as probabilities (e.g., ‘‘There’s a 75% chance that that will happen’’). This article reviews major cultural variations in key characteristics of probability judgments (e.g., their overconfidence) and why those differences exist. It also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, including for collaborations among decision makers from distinct cultures.
Explaining the Dominance of Legacy Unions in New Democracies Comparative Insights from Indonesia

The continued dominance of legacy unions—state-backed unions inherited from the previous nondemocratic regime—has received little scholarly scrutiny. Through an analysis of Indonesia, this article ...
A further study of stimulus generalization following three-stimulus discrimination training

Abstract A group of pigeons was trained in a Skinner box to peck for VI reinforcement when the key was illuminated by a monochromatic light of 540 or 580 mμ but were non-reinforced for responding to 560 mμ. Two control groups, differing in amount of training, received only the two positive stimuli. At the completion of training all Ss received generalization tests under extinction. Both control groups produced bi-modal generalization gradients with the peaks of responding at the S+ values. The post-discrimination gradient revealed peaks displaced from the S+ values in the direction away from the S−, low responding and increased steepness in the region of S− and a general elevation of the gradient.
Derivation of Cost of Capital and Equity Rates from Market Data

Use of the discounted cash flow (DCF) technique in investment and appraisal situations depends on readily available and reliable estimates of cost of capital and equity rates. Previous research on estimating equity rates and cost of capital from financial data sources is extremely limited and includes no evidence on the consistency of rates derived from alternative data sources. This paper derives estimates of equity rates and cost of capital from three alternative commonly available data sources. Estimates are derived separately for operating properties and for homebuilder/land developers on both a before- and after-corporate tax basis. The alternative data sources are found to yield consistent and reliable estimates of equity rates and cost of capital. Rates estimated from these sources are sufficiently accurate and reliable for most investment or appraisal applications.
Low-Dose Radiation Risks of Computerized Tomography and Cone Beam Computerized Tomography: Reducing the Fear and Controversy

Regulations for protecting humans against stochastic biological effects from ionizing radiation are based on the linear no-threshold (LNT) risk assessment model, which states that any amount of radiation exposure may lead to cancer in a population. Based on the LNT model, risk from low-dose radiation increases linearly with increasing doses of radiation. Imaging procedures in medicine and dentistry are an important source of low-dose ionizing radiation. The increased use of computerized tomography (CT) and cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) has raised health concerns regarding exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation. In oral and maxillofacial surgery and implant dentistry, CBCT is now at the forefront of this controversy. Although caution has been expressed, there have been no direct studies linking radiation exposure from CT and CBCT used in dental imaging with cancer induction. This article describes the concerns about radiation exposure in dental imaging regarding the use of CT.
Altered emotion modulated startle in women with a history of childhood neglect

Abstract Research has demonstrated the utility of emotion-modulated startle paradigms in assessing emotional regulation and processing. Previous research has documented various abnormalities in emotion regulation and processing among individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment. Less is known about the psychophysiological correlates of emotion processing among maltreated individuals, particularly the relationship between history of childhood neglect and emotion modulated startle. A sample of 85 incarcerated female offenders with or without a history of childhood neglect completed a task assessing affective modulation of the startle reflex by picture valence (positive, neutral, negative). Compared to non-neglected women, neglected women showed a significantly larger startle response during pleasant image trials, and did not show the typical linear effect (i.e., negative startle response > positive startle response). These findings complement and extend previous literature investigating emotion dysregulation among neglected individuals.
Effect of interval from melengestrol acetate to prostaglandin F2 alpha on timed and synchronized pregnancy rates of beef heifers and cows.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the optimal interval from the last day of melengestrol acetate (MGA) feeding to prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) treatment on pregnancy rates of beef heifers and cows. All females (149 heifers and 399 postpartum cows) were fed MGA (.5 mg) daily for 14 d and then administered PGF2 alpha (25 mg Lutalyse) 13, 15, and 17 d (Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) after the last day of MGA feeding. Females not in estrus the first 52 h after PGF2 alpha treatment were artificially inseminated 72 h after PGF2 alpha treatment. Females in estrus 0 to 52 h and 78 h to 6 d after PGF2 alpha treatment were inseminated at estrus. Blood sera (collected immediately before and 3 d after PGF2 alpha treatment) were assayed for progesterone concentrations. Pregnancy was determined 44 to 47 d after the 72-h AI by rectal examination. The intervals from MGA feeding to PGF2 alpha that had the highest 72-h AI pregnancy rates were 17 d for heifers (43%) and 15 d for cows (43%). Heifers with a 17-d interval had a higher (P .05) among groups. Fewer (P < .05) cows with a 17-d interval from MGA to PGF2 alpha had corpora lutea regression (by 72 h) after PGF2 alpha treatment than cows with 13-d and 15-d intervals. We interpret the results to indicate that the interval from MGA to PGF2 alpha treatment may influence 72-h AI pregnancy rates, that optimal intervals are 17 d for heifers and 15 d for cows, and that pregnancy rates are improved by insemination for 3 d after the 72-h AI.
Predicting sexually transmitted infections in sexually transmitted disease clinics in U.S.: A machine learning approach

Aims:Understanding how substance use and sexual risk behaviors are related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may help to target HIV risk reduction interventions for substance users. Random forests, a machine learning technique, provide a principled approach to explore a largenumberof effects including interactions to identify replicable sets of predictive factors. Methods:Weused data from Project Aware, a randomized clinical trial conducted among 5012 patients in 9 sexually transmitted disease clinics in the US. Predictive models for prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were created. Substance use, sexual risk behaviors, characteristics of sexual networkswere assessed and examined using a random forestmachine learning approach. Results: A total of 48 types of sexual acts and 36 types of substance use behaviors were included in the model. Overall, 30.6% of the participants reported weekly drug use, 6.1% were injection drug users, and 16.3% reported binge drinking in the last 6 months. 24.8% reported DAST-10>3. Results showed that large numbers of predictors (80–90) were useful in predicting STI with about 30% of predictors being sexual risk behaviors and 20% of predictors being substance use indicators. Interactions of these two classes of predictors were evident. High accuracy in predictions (70%) was achieved. Conclusions:These results provide initial support for use of random forests to predict STI. A challenge with these methods is the lack of statistical test for significance of individual variables; nevertheless, these methods are useful for exploratory, model-building in substance abuse research. Financial support: RC2 DA028973 and R21 DA038641.
Defining and Estimating a Trading Area

What are the conceptual properties of a trading area?What is the definition of the term?What testable propositions are currently available to validate its properties and thus give precision to the ...
GROUND SPEED ERROR RATE ESTIMATION FOR IMPROVED ENROUTE AIRCRAFT TRAJECTORY PREDICTION

By estimating and extrapolating the time rate of change of the ground speed error of a commercial aircraft in the enroute cruise flight phase, it is hypothesized that path-distance prediction accuracy may be improved by about five percent. To explore this hypothesis, a ground-speed error-rate estimation algorithm has been developed and tested. The algorithm is a standard Kalman Filter formulation based upon a low-order dynamic aircraft model with an augmented state for estimating the ground speed error-rate. The method is tested for several cases with data obtained from a flight test of a NASA Lear Jet aircraft in the Denver Center. Although the presented estimation method does improve path distance prediction accuracy for the flight test data considered, the low-order dynamic modeling employed in the filter design, the poor quality of surveillance data, and the physical nature of the ground speed error rate are such that the accuracy improvement is only a few percent.
Recent Developments in the Control of Some Arthropods of Public Health and Veterinary Importance: Livestock Insects

The role of chemicals in the control of livestock insects has been scrutinized closely for many years. However, we have recently seen increased efforts to develop new approaches to insect control which will either emphasize nonchemical control, reduce the dosage and frequency of application of insecticides now being used, or develop new insecticides that have increased margins between the highest dosage needed for insect control and the lowest dosage toxic to the animal hosts. The highly successful eradication program against the screw-worm, Cochliomyia homillivorax (Cocquerel), demonstrated the practicability of the sterile-male technique of control; thus economic entomologists all over the world are giving increased attention to the life history, behavior, and ecology of the species with which they are working, and are searching for unconventional approaches to insect control.
Addition of Dihalocarbenes to a π‑Bowl: First Structural Study

The products of 1,2-cycloaddition of dihalocarbene to the bowl-shaped corannulene (C20H10, 1) have been isolated in the solid state and fully characterized. The first X-ray diffraction analysis of mono- and bis-adducts, C20H10CCl2 (2) and C20H10(CCl2)2 (3), has been accomplished to reveal structural changes of the corannulene framework upon addition of dichlorocarbene groups as well as to show variations in the solid state packing of the functionalized polar bowls. For the monoadduct 2, the Cs symmetric molecular structure with the hub attachment of the CCl2 group to a bowl was confirmed. In the solid state, the polar C20H10CCl2 molecules form one-dimensional (1D) columns based on strong concave–convex π···π interactions (ca. 3.36–3.37 A). The resulting polar 1D stacks in 2 are all oriented in the same direction to form polar crystals. The addition of the second dichlorocarbene group in C20H10(CCl2)2 caused the drastic reduction of the dipole moment from 3.7 D in 2 to 2.0 D in 3, which was also accompanie...
The Presence of Christ in Karl Barth, Franz Hildebrandt, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer

This paper examines Bonhoeffer’s understanding of Christ’s presence against the background of his friend Franz Hildebrandt’s dissertation, EST. Das lutherische Prinzip. Hildebrandt’s dissertation responds, in part, to Karl Barth, who argues that the Lutheran understanding of Christ’s presence compromises the divine character of revelation and prepares the way for nineteenth-century theology’s confusion of God with creation. In contrast to Hildebrandt’s defense of Christ’s presence, which relies on the logic of idealism that Barth rejects, Bonhoeffer articulates Christ’s presence with reference to what he understands as the core of the Lutheran Christological tradition: its focus on Christ’s person. By treating Christ’s presence through attention to the logic of person, Bonhoeffer purifies the Lutheran Christological tradition of its speculative tendencies, offering an account of Christ’s presence for a post-Barthian theological context.
Epidemiological analysis of HIV infections via sexual transmission between spouses in Henan Province

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS/HIV infected via sexually transmission between spouses,and provide effective basis for intervening measures development. Methods A face-to-face interview survey was conduct among the cases whose route of infection were heterosexual transmission and their spouse were HIV-positive reported from 189 counties in national HIV / AIDS reporting system since 2011 to the end of June,2012. Results 557 cases were investigated,including 37. 7% in male and 62. 3% in female. 70. 7% of them were older than 40 years old,49. 7% of them had 2- 3 times sexual behaviors with their spouse every month. After they knew their spouse were HIV-positive person, 73. 4% of them had decreased sexual behaviors. 46. 9% of them had never used condom,58. 3% of them did not like to use condom. 13. 3% of them did not use condom because they did not know their spouse were HIV-positive person. 38. 4% of their spouse were heterosexual transmission,59. 3% of their spouse were blood transmission,50. 3% of them were informed the infection status of their spouse by the doctors,73. 6% of the interval of HIV confirm time between the couples were lower than 3 months. Conclusion The larger proportion of HIV confirmation simultaneously appeared in the newly reported sexually transmission between spouses. Some measures such as regular follow-up,antiviral therapy should be taken to protect the couples from HIV transmission.
Hypoalbuminemia is significantly associated with increased clearance time of high dose methotrexate in patients being treated for lymphoma or leukemia

As a weak acid, methotrexate (MTX) is bound to serum albumin and has variable protein binding. The purpose of this study was to assess serum albumin’s relationship with MTX pharmacokinetics by comparing MTX clearance and toxicities between patients with normal serum albumin to those with hypoalbuminemia. This single-center retrospective study included adult patients with leukemia or lymphoma who received their first MTX at a dose ≥1 g/m2. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as serum albumin ≤3.4 g/dL. MTX clearance was defined as the first documented time the MTX level ≤0.05 μM. Fisher’s exact tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to examine differences in toxicities, and Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess relationship with time to clearance. Of 523 patients identified, 167 patients were evaluable. One hundred thirty-five patients had normal serum albumin and 32 had hypoalbuminemia. Hypoalbuminemia was associated with a higher proportion of patients experiencing edema, ascites or pleural effusions (34 vs. 12 %, p = 0.006), and the concomitant use of nephrotoxic agents (41 vs. 20 %, p = 0.021). Hypoalbuminemia was associated with a significantly longer time to MTX clearance (median 96 vs. 72 h, p = 0.004). In addition, patients with hypoalbuminemia had a higher proportion of hyperbilirubinemia and significantly longer hospitalization (median 14 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001). In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia was associated with increased time to MTX clearance and increased length of hospitalization. High dose MTX is safe to administer in patients with low albumin levels, with appropriate leucovorin rescue, and good supportive care.
Reducing Agricultural Sediment: An Economic Analysis of Filter Strips versus Micro-Targeting

This study compares the physical and economic cost effectiveness of vegetative filter strips in reducing sediment loadings in a small Indiana watershed versus micro-targeting. The cost efficiency of each program is compared. Sediment loadings are estimated for a typical midwestern watershed area using ANSWERS, an event based distributed parameter model. The results of this analysis indicate that a filter strip program in the Finley Creek watershed reduced sediment yields by 27 percent. An equivalent micro-targeted program taking 11 percent of the most erosive cropland elements out of production would reduce sediment yields by 31 percent. The information intensive micro-targeting program reduces sediment yields by amounts only slightly higher than a filter strip program. Using a land rental rate of $85 per acre, the filter strip program costs $91 per ton of sediment abated and the micro-targeting program costs $78 per ton of sediment abated, a 17 percent difference in cost. Since identifying ephemeral and perennial channels is much easier than identifying upland acres contributing the most sediment, a filter strip program will likely have lower administrative and enforcement costs. Thus a filter strip program, which reduces sediment yields nearly as much as the micro-targeting program, may be more cost effective when considering administrative and enforcement costs of each program.
Reflecting on Connecting: Meta-Analysis of Differences Between Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Self-Disclosure

Self-disclosure is a key concept in computer-mediated communication CMC theory and research, but disagreement exists about the impact of CMC, relative to face-to-face FtF communication, on self-disclosure. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing self-disclosure in CMC and FtF communication to summarize and clarify existing research. We also examined potential moderators of this difference-measure of self-disclosure, study design survey or experiment, interaction context task or social, type of CMC text-based or video-based, and interaction length. Overall, self-disclosure was higher in FtF communication than in CMC. Measure of self-disclosure, study design, and type of CMC moderated this difference. Findings suggest mixed support for predictions derived from key CMC theories and a need for CMC theory to more explicitly address self-disclosure.
Abstract 2050: Persistent STAT3 signaling contributes to the resistance of anti cancer drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin, and MEK inhibitor AZD6244 in human sarcoma cells

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is activated in response to cytokines and growth factors. Persistently activated STAT3 are frequently detected in many types of human cancers and are believed to play an important role in their oncogenesis. Stat3 has been classified as a proto-oncogene because activated STAT3 can mediate oncogenic transformation in cultured cells and tumor formation in nude mice. We previously demonstrated that persistently activated STAT3 is frequently detected in human sarcoma such as rhabdomyosarcoma. To further examine the role of persistent TAT3 signaling plays in rhabdomyosarcoma, we used genetic approaches to either knock-down the expression of STAT3 using short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) or expressed constitutive active STAT3 protein. Knock-down the expression of STAT3 in rhabdomyosarcoma cells that express persistent STAT3 signaling, reduced the cell viability and sensitized cells to anti-cancer drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin. On the other hand, expression of constitutive active STAT3 protein in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines lacking persistent STAT3 signaling decreased the sensitivity of those cells to doxorubicin and cisplatin. Furthermore, a MEK inhibitor, AZD6244 that is being tested in human cancer clinical trials unexpectedly induced STAT3 phosphorylation suggesting inducing of STAT3 may induce intrinsic resistance to MEK inhibitor. Accordingly, knock down of STAT3 sensitize sarcoma cells to MEK inhibitor treatments. To further translate our finding to potential cancer therapy, we tested a small molecular STAT3-selective inhibitor LY5 in sarcoma cells expressing persistent STAT3 signaling. Our data demonstrated that LY5 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3 DNA binding activity, and the migration of sarcoma cells. In addition, the combination of LY5 with anti-cancer drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin and the MEK inhibitor, AZD6244 also shown stronger inhibitory effects than single agent alone. In summary, our results using both genetic and small molecule approaches demonstrated that persistent STAT3 signaling contributes to the resistance of anti-cancer drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin, and MEK inhibitor in human sarcoma cells. They also implicated a potential cancer therapy strategy with the combination of STAT3 inhibitor with doxorubicin, cisplatin, and MEK inhibitor in sarcoma cells expressing persistent STAT3 signaling. Citation Format: Xiaojuan Wu, Hui Xiao, Chenglong Li, Jiayuh Lin. Persistent STAT3 signaling contributes to the resistance of anti cancer drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin, and MEK inhibitor AZD6244 in human sarcoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2050. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2050
Characterizing Bone Tropism of Human ER+ Breast Cancer Cell Lines in a Murine Bone Metastasis Model

IntroductionBreast cancer patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors have the highest rate of developing clinically evident osteolytic bone metastasis. However, pre-clinical models of ER...
Motion capture experiments for validating optimization-based human models

Optimization-based digital human model research has gained significant momentum among various human models. Any task can be formulated to an optimization problem, and the model can predict not only postures but also motions. However, these optimization-based digital human models need validation using experiments. The motion capture system is one of the ways to validate predicted results. This paper summarizes the progress of motion capture experiment efforts at the Human-Centric Design Research (HCDR) Laboratory at Texas Tech University. An eight-camera motion capture system has been set up in our research lab. Marker placement protocols have been developed where markers are placed on the subjects to highlight bony landmarks and identify segments between joints in line with previously identified guidelines and suggestions in literature. A posture reconstruction algorithm has been developed to map joint angles from motion capture experiments to digital human models. Various studies have been conducted in the lab involving motion capture experiments for jumping, standing and seated reach, and pregnant women's walking, sit to standing, seated reach, and reach with external loads. The results showed that the posture reconstruction algorithm is useful and accurate to transfer motion capture experiment data to joint angles. Marker placement protocol is reliable to capture all joints. The main task of the motion caption system is to validate all optimization-based digital human models developed by other research members at the HCDR Lab.
Effects of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase on Arterial Vascular Structural Changes After Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Mouse

P113 Background and Purpose: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a known cause of cerebral vasospasm. Vasopasm may result from loss of endothelial NO synthesis. There is also evidence that Hgb products released after SAH bind NO and deplete its extracellular bioavailability. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) overexpression has been shown to provide protection against vasospasm presumably by reducing available superoxide to react with and deplete NO thereby increasing NO concentration. This study characterized the effects of extracellular SOD (EC-SOD) on vasospasm comparing transgenic EC-SOD overexpressing mice to wild type (WT) counterparts. Methods: Mice underwent halothane anesthesia and endovascular perforation of the right proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) using a 5–0 monofilament. Sham mice underwent surgery but no vascular perforation. Temperature, blood gases, & blood pressure were maintained within normal ranges. Three days after recovery, brains were sectioned and Gomori’s trichromic stained. Vascular wall thickness was measured in triplicate sections from the proximal and distal segments of the ACA with the observer blinded to genotype. N=5 per group. Results: There was no difference in wall thickness between EC-SOD overexpressors and wild type shams in either ACA segment (Proximal: EC-SOD = 64±22μm, WT = 72±8μm, p=0.62; Distal: EC-SOD = 77±13μm, WT = 68±9μm, p=0.2). For both genotypes, SAH caused increased wall thickness which was greater in the EC-SOD vs. wild type SAH groups in the proximal (EC-SOD = 164±9μm, WT = 108±27μm, p=0.01) but not distal (EC-SOD =136±37μm, WT = 106±38μm, p=0.28) ACA segments. Conclusions: We were unable to demonstrate amelioration of vasospasm by the five-fold increase of brain EC-SOD known to occur in these mutants. In fact, in the proximal ACA, wall thickness was greater in the EC-SOD overexpressors subjected to SAH. Absence of a beneficial EC-SOD effect might be attributable to the post-SAH measurement interval when processes other than NO metabolism are likely to account for vasospasm. The reason for the pattern of an adverse effect of EC-SOD overexpression is unknown.
PRO: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance: A Useful Tool Against the Rising Tide of HCC

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a devastating disease that takes a toll on patients and their families. Indeed, patients with HCC have a dismal 5-year survival, hovering around 20% (1). Despite efforts to improve HCC outcomes, the number of deaths attributed to HCC in the United States has increased in recent years (1). One of the few interventions that has been shown to improve survival in HCC is surveillance. I therefore believe that HCC surveillance is a requisite part of high quality care in patients with cirrhosis.