cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An atypical receiver domain controls the dynamic polar localization of the Myxococcus xanthus social motility protein FrzS

The Myxococcus xanthus FrzS protein transits from pole-to-pole within the cell, accumulating at the pole that defines the direction of movement in social (S) motility. Here we show using atomic-resolution crystallography and NMR that the FrzS receiver domain (RD) displays the conserved switch Tyr102 in an unusual conformation, lacks the conserved Asp phosphorylation site, and fails to bind Mg(2+) or the phosphoryl analogue, Mg(2+) x BeF(3). Mutation of Asp55, closest to the canonical site of RD phosphorylation, showed no motility phenotype in vivo, demonstrating that phosphorylation at this site is not necessary for domain function. In contrast, the Tyr102Ala and His92Phe substitutions on the canonical output face of the FrzS RD abolished S-motility in vivo. Single-cell fluorescence microscopy measurements revealed a striking mislocalization of these mutant FrzS proteins to the trailing cell pole in vivo. The crystal structures of the mutants suggested that the observed conformation of Tyr102 in the wild-type FrzS RD is not sufficient for function. These results support the model that FrzS contains a novel 'pseudo-receiver domain' whose function requires recognition of the RD output face but not Asp phosphorylation.
Conditioned `prehension' in the pigeon: kinematics, coordination and stimulus control of the pecking response

Abstract Like human prehensile behavior, the pigeon's ingestive pecking response is elicited by visual stimuli conveying information about the location and size of the target. This information is used to generate localized ingestive pecks whose gapes are amplitude-scaled to seed size, prior to contact. We employed high-resolution, `real-time' monitoring of head acceleration, jaw movements and terminal peck location to examine the kinematics, coordination and stimulus control of conditioned pecking. Conditioning procedures were used to bring pecking under the control of visual targets whose stimulus properties (size, location) were independently varied, while simultaneously monitoring pecking response parameters. Stimulus control of the transport component (peck localization) is extremely precise, even in the absence of a specific localization-dependent reinforcement contingency. Subjects also showed amplitude-scaling of gape size to the size of a visual target, but over a more restricted range than shown to food pellets of comparable sizes. Comparison of the kinematic profiles of conditioned and ingestive pecks suggests that conditioned pecking is functionally analogous to human `pointing' rather than `grasping' behavior.
Paleogeographic and tectonic implications of the Golconda allochthon, southern Toiyabe Range, Nevada

The Golconda allochthon in the southern Toiyabe Range, Nevada, is composed of several thrust slices of rocks that belong to three age categories: early Paleozoic, Early Triassic, and late Paleozoic. These slices were stacked mainly during the Sonoma orogeny that occurred between Permian and late Early Triassic time. The late Paleozoic rocks, composing the bulk of the allochthon, range in age between Mississippian and Late Permian and contain four lithotypes that occur in the following structural order above the Golconda thrust: terrigenous, hemipelagic, volcanogenic, and pelagic. The upper Paleozoic rocks were deformed several times during their eastward emplacement onto the North American continental margin. The deformation involved isoclinal folding and thrusting of these rocks into slices. The slices were openly and gently folded during emplacement, and sporadic mesoscopic folds were formed along their-boundaries. Post-thrust movements along slice boundaries formed kink bands and related folds in slate and chert interbeds. The kinks were later deformed when the Golconda thrust was reactivated. Further contraction, during the Sonoma orogeny or possibly later, was accommodated by imbrication of slices of Early Triassic and their unconformably underlying lower Paleozoic rocks.
Cardiovascular hemodynamics in the conscious dog

Abstract Hemodynamic measurements obtained during 161 control observations in 53 conscious dogs are reported and compared to the results obtained by other investigators. Average cardiac output varied from 118 to 194 ml. per minute per kilogram of body weight, average stroke volume from 1.15 to 1.82 ml. per beat per kilogram of body weight, and heart rate from 90 to 124 beats per minute in cooperative but untrained dogs. Mean systemic arterial pressure varied from 95 to 114 mm. Hg and mean pulmonary artery pressure from 13.9 to 14.8 mm. Hg. Hemodynamic measurements made at the plateau of ventricular function curves, obtained by rapid volume infusion, are also reported. Ninety-seven function curves were obtained in 27 conscious dogs. The cardiac output increased two- to three-fold from resting values with appreciable increases in both stroke volume and heart rate.
A Review of David Gottlieb’s Work on the Resolution of the Gibbs Phenomenon

Givena piecewise smooth function, it is possible toconstruct a global expan- sion in some complete orthogonal basis, such as the Fourier basis. However, the local discontinuities of the function will destroy the convergence of global approximations, even in regions for which the underlying function is analytic. The global expansions are contaminated by the presence of a local discontinuity, and the result is that the partial sums are oscillatory and feature non-uniform convergence. This characteristic behavior is called the Gibbs phenomenon. However, David Gottlieb and Chi-Wang Shu showed that these slowly and non-uniformly convergent global approximations retain within them high order information which can be recovered with suitable post- processing. In this paper we review the history of the Gibbs phenomenon and the story of its resolution.
Larval Survival and Movement of Bluegrass Webworm in Mixed Stands of Endophytic Perennial Ryegrass and Kentucky Bluegrass

Studies examined bluegrass webworm, Parapediasia teterrella (Zincken), larval pop- ulation density and movement in relation to the proportion of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., plants infected with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii Glenn, Bacon, Price & Hanlon (PR1), in mixed stands with Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L.) (KB), and the impact of endophyte infection on feeding preference, growth, and survival of P. teterrella larvae was evaluated. Inchoicetests, P.teterrella larvaedidnotdiscriminatebetweenKBandPR2,butbothwerepreferred over PR1. Larval survival and pupal mass did not differ between KB and PR2, but were significantly reduced on PR1. There was a negative linear relationship between larval population density and the proportion of PR1 in mixed stands with KB until that proportion reached 0.40, after which further reductions in larval populations were not significant. The percentage of larvae surviving in pots after 30 d was independent of initial larval density. Larval movement, as measured by emigration from pots in the greenhouse, increased as the proportion of PR1 increased but was never .50% of the larval population. Through increasing larval movement and mortality, mixed turfgrass stands containing as little as 40% PR1 should prove useful as a pest management tool for P. teterrella.
Three dimensional unstructured multigrid for the Euler equations

The three dimensional Euler equations are solved on unstructured tetrahedral meshes using a multigrid strategy. The driving algorithm consists of an explicit vertex-based finite element scheme, which employs an edge-based data structure to assemble the residuals. The multigrid approach employs a sequence of independently generated coarse and fine meshes to accelerate the convergence to steady-state of the fine grid solution. Variables, residuals and corrections are passed back and forth between the various grids of the sequence using linear interpolation. The addresses and weights for interpolation are determined in a preprocessing stage using linear interpolation. The addresses and weights for interpolation are determined in a preprocessing stage using an efficient graph traversal algorithm. The preprocessing operation is shown to require a negligible fraction of the CPU time required by the overall solution procedure, while gains in overall solution efficiencies greater than an order of magnitude are demonstrated on meshes containing up to 350,000 vertices. Solutions using globally regenerated fine meshes as well as adaptively refined meshes are given.
Nymble: Blocking Misbehaving Users in Anonymizing Networks

Anonymizing networks such as Tor allow users to access Internet services privately by using a series of routers to hide the client's IP address from the server. The success of such networks, however, has been limited by users employing this anonymity for abusive purposes such as defacing popular Web sites. Web site administrators routinely rely on IP-address blocking for disabling access to misbehaving users, but blocking IP addresses is not practical if the abuser routes through an anonymizing network. As a result, administrators block all known exit nodes of anonymizing networks, denying anonymous access to misbehaving and behaving users alike. To address this problem, we present Nymble, a system in which servers can “blacklist” misbehaving users, thereby blocking users without compromising their anonymity. Our system is thus agnostic to different servers' definitions of misbehavior-servers can blacklist users for whatever reason, and the privacy of blacklisted users is maintained.
Reducing routing table size using ternary-CAM

Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) has increasingly been used in high speed routers to perform routing lookup function. They allow simultaneous comparison of the key with every index at the same time so that the longest matched prefix could be selected within one memory access, much faster than software based search algorithms. We propose two techniques to compact routing table stored in TCAM. The techniques allow a smaller TCAM to be used to reduce cost, power consumption and thermal dissipation. They could also help routers to scale to larger routing table. Our simulation shows up to 48% size reduction. Fast incremental update algorithm is presented to maintain space saving without recomputing the compacted table after each routing update.
Ototoxicity Associated with Vinblastine

OBJECTIVE:To describe a patient with ototoxicity associated with vinblastine chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY:A 29-year-old white man with recurrent Hodgkin's disease received doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy once every two weeks for 12 cycles. He reported tinnitus after each treatment, with an onset of about six hours and a duration of seven to 10 days. This interfered with reading, watching television, and general concentration. Symptoms returned to baseline prior to the beginning of each subsequent cycle. Audiograms performed before and after several cycles showed mild sensorineural hearing loss in the high-decibel range, but no loss of speech recognition.DISCUSSION:No reported cases of ototoxicity or tinnitus from ABVD were found. All concomitant medications were eliminated as possible causes either due to lack of temporal association with the symptoms or no reports of ototoxicity in the literature. Vincristine, a more commonly used vinca alkaloid very similar to vinbl...
Communication and Conflict: A System-Theoretic Perspective.

The nature and functions of conflict, its role with regard to fundamental individual and social life processes, and its theoretical relationship to communication are explored from a system‐theoretic perspective. Based upon this framework, a distinction between conflict and para‐conflict is indicated, and it is suggested that the latter is characteristically the object of study in speech and communication.
The effects of acute stress and pubertal development on metabolic hormones in the rat

A dramatic change in stress responsiveness occurs during pubertal development such that stress-induced corticosterone secretion in prepubertal animals takes 45-60 min longer to return to baseline compared to adults. Though corticosterone is known to influence energy mobilization, it is presently unknown whether stressors affect other hormones important in energy utilization and metabolism differentially in animals before and after pubertal development. Therefore, we exposed prepubertal (28 days of age) and adult (77 days of age) male rats to a single 30 min session of restraint stress in either the light or dark phase of the animals' light-dark (LD) cycle and measured plasma glucose, insulin and thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)). We found similar stress-induced increases in plasma glucose levels in prepubertal and adult animals in the LD phase of the LD cycle. We also found that prepubertal animals have lower circulating insulin and total and free T4 levels, but higher total and free T3 levels compared to adults in both the light and dark phases (LD). Interestingly, insulin and thyroid hormone levels were unaffected by acute stress at either age or time of day. These data indicate that, despite prepubertal animals showing an extended glucocorticoid stress response after a single acute exposure to stress, glucose levels are similarly affected by acute stress in prepubertal and adult animals. Furthermore, though stage of development significantly affects the levels of peripheral metabolic hormones such as insulin, T4 and T3, acute stress does not appreciably influence their secretion before or after puberty.
AFLP Linkage Map of Hybridizing Swallowtail Butterflies, Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis

High-density linkage maps provide powerful tools for studying the genetic basis of ecologically relevant adaptations and the genomic scope of introgression. We backcrossed an F(1) hybrid male Papilio glaucus/Papilio canadensis tiger swallowtail butterfly to a pure P. glaucus female and constructed amplified fragment length polymorphism linkage maps from the progeny. The paternal map contains 309 markers distributed among 29 linkage groups, with a corrected map distance of 1167 cM (logarithm of the odds [LOD] = 4.0). The average linkage group contained 10.65 +/- 4.85 markers separated by 32.7 +/- 3.8 cM, with statistically significant clustering. The paternal hybrid map had 18.65% more markers than the maternal P. glaucus map, which provides a rough estimate of the extent of genetic differentiation between the species. The maternal map contains 253 markers among 28 linkage groups, without the X and Y chromosomes. Segregation distortion from expected Mendelian ratios was observed for 94/1096 scored loci (8.6%, P < 0.05). The X chromosome map includes 7 markers spanning 29.3 cM (LOD = 3.0). These naturally hybridizing, female heterogametic species are used to study important questions in the maintenance of species boundaries, sex chromosome introgression, sex-limited mimicry, and host plant use. The map will facilitate research into the physiological, ecological, and evolutionary genetics of these phenomena.
Chronotype and time-of-day influences on the alerting, orienting, and executive components of attention

Recent research on attention has identified three separable components, known as alerting, orienting, and executive functioning, which are thought to be subserved by distinct neural networks. Despite systematic investigation into their relatedness to each other and to psychopathology, little is known about how these three networks might be modulated by such factors as time-of-day and chronotype. The present study administered the Attentional Network Test (ANT) and a self-report measure of alertness to 80 participants at 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 hours on the same day. Participants were also chronotyped with a morningness/eveningness questionnaire and divided into evening versus morning/neither-type groups; morning chronotypes tend to perform better early in the day, while evening chronotypes show enhanced performance later in the day. The results replicated the lack of any correlations between alerting, orienting, and executive functioning, supporting the independence of these three networks. There was an effect of time-of-day on executive functioning with higher conflict scores at 1200 and 1600 hours for both chronotypes. The efficiency of the orienting system did not change as a function of time-of-day or chronotype. The alerting measure, however, showed an interaction between time-of-day and chronotype such that alerting scores increased only for the morning/neither-type participants in the latter half of the day. There was also an interaction between time-of-day and chronotype for self-reported alertness, such that it increased during the first half of the day for all participants, but then decreased for morning/neither types (only) toward evening. This is the first report to examine changes in the trinity of attentional networks measured by the ANT throughout a normal day in a large group of normal participants, and it encourages more integration between chronobiology and cognitive neuroscience for both theoretical and practical reasons.
Cardiac‐Respiratory‐Somatic Relationships and Feedback Effects in a Multiple Session Heart Rate Control Experiment

An experiment addressing several unresolved issues in operant in human subjects was performed. Cardiac-respiratory relationships. cardiac-somatic re!:atl~}nshipls. effects of biofeedback, and individual differences were examined in terms of their across multiple training sessions. Thirty subjects participated in 3 training sessions. Each session began with" trials HR change without feedback followed by 8 trials with "proportional" feedback of HR. 01'1 half the trials HR decrease was attempted while HR increase was attempted on the other half. Sulbjeds instructed to keep their respiration rate (RR) constant and not to engage in undue movement or muscle activity. Results indicated that subjects were able to produce significant HR increases and decreases from baseline levels, but these changes were accompanied by parallel changes in respiratory and somatic variables which persisted across sessions. Analysis of data from individual was ..... ·f"' ..... ",.! to explore the nature of Individual differences in cardlac-respiratory-somatic The el'ects of biofeedback were unimpressive, suggesting at best a minor improvement in cardiac control with increased respiratory concomitance. Cardiac control, feedback and cardiac-somatic patterns were stable over sessions. There was evidence of some reduction In If'lu'riiIU·.ifl!'<!nill'·llItl'I!"V parallelism across sessions. DESCRIPTORS: Operant conditioning, Heart rate, Respiration, Cardiac-somatic rel.aUon!ihil~. Biofeedback, Individual differences. In spite of difficulties which have surfaced with research on operant conditioning of cardiac re­ sponses in animals (Miller & Dworkin. 1974). re­ search of this nature with human subjects has con­ tinued. Human research, although unlikely to an­ swer definitively the question of whether a . 'pure " cardiac response can be operantly conditioned, has potential for answering a number of questions con­ cerning the relationship between autonomic and central processes. Although a large body of human research exists, many basic questions remain unan­ swered. In a recent review of operant conditioning of cardiac functions, McCanne and Sandman (1976) identified several areas in need of further research induding: the precise nature of the relationship of
Teaching Students to Think Critically about Social Media.

Instructors can incorporate social media and the immediacy and accessibility to information these offer in ways that support student learning, while simultaneously encouraging students to be critical of these same media systems and platforms.
Probing charge transfer in a novel class of luminescent perovskite-based heterostructures composed of quantum dots bound to RE-activated CaTiO3 phosphors

We report on the synthesis and structural characterization of novel semiconducting heterostructures composed of cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) attached onto the surfaces of novel high-surface area, porous rare-earth-ion doped alkaline earth titanate micron-scale spherical motifs, i.e. both Eu-doped and Pr-doped CaTiO3, composed of constituent, component nanoparticles. These unique metal oxide perovskite building blocks were created by a multi-pronged synthetic strategy involving molten salt and hydrothermal protocols. Subsequently, optical characterization of these heterostructures indicated a clear behavioral dependence of charge transfer in these systems upon a number of parameters such as the nature of the dopant, the reaction temperature, and particle size. Specifically, 2.7 nm diameter ligand-functionalized CdSe QDs were anchored onto sub-micron sized CaTiO3-based spherical assemblies, prepared by molten salt protocols. We found that both the Pr- and Eu-doped CaTiO3 displayed pronounced PL emissions, with maximum intensities observed using optimized lanthanide concentrations of 0.2 mol% and 6 mol%, respectively. Analogous experiments were performed on Eu-doped BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 motifs, but CaTiO3 still performed as the most effective host material amongst the three perovskite systems tested. Moreover, the ligand-capped CdSe QD-doped CaTiO3 heterostructures exhibited effective charge transfer between the two individual constituent nanoscale components, an assertion corroborated by the corresponding quenching of their measured PL signals.
The American Psychological Association and the Hoffman Report

Based on findings documented in the Independent Review Relating to APA Ethics Guidelines, National Security Investigations, and Torture, more commonly known as the Hoffman report, this guest editorial describes how the American Psychological Association (APA) colluded with the Department of Defense during the Bush administration to provide ethical cover for the Department of Defense's interrogation program and for psychologists working in the program. Describing the actions of APA as "one of the greatest ethical breaches in the history of psychology," the article discusses APA's offenses, what has been done about them to date, and what remains to be done. Language: en
The Shubnikov-de Haas Effect: A Powerful Tool for Characterizing Semiconductors

A review is given of the principles involved in using the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect to characterize three-dimensional (3D) properties of semiconductors. Extensive studies of the SdH effect have been carried out on a wide variety of semiconductors over the last three decades that prove its scientific and technological usefulness. Newly created artificially structured narrow gap materials grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) often have 2D properties which can also be investigated by the SdH effect. Examples are given for MBE grown HgTe single layer films and HgTe-CdTe superlattices.
The Burrow of Tamias striatus

Little is known of the details of the burrowing habits of the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus (Linnaeus). In the hope of clarifying certain particulars of the burrow system, studies were begun in the summer of 1952 at Waupaca, Wisconsin, and continued during the summers of 1953 and 1954 at the same site. During the winters of those years observations were made with captive animals in the laboratories of Saint Louis University. The natural burrows described herein were all excavated during July or early August, and artificial “burrow-boxes” were employed throughout the year. The animal whose burrows were studied is very closely related to Tamias striatus griseus Mearns, the largest of the subspecies of the eastern chipmunk. Since Waupaca seems to be an area where there is apparent intergradation between T. s. griseus and T. s. lysteri ( Richardson), it is probably best to avoid subspecific designation (Burt, 1954). The authors are sincerely grateful to Doctor X. J. Musacchia who offered much assistance, and to Messrs. John Baggarly, John Becker, George Brown, and Ronald Zinkle, who generously aided in the excavations. The Wisconsin Conservation Commission kindly approved the research plans. We also thank the Biochemistry Department of Saint Louis University for the use of some of its facilities. As early as 1748 Peter Kalm said that chipmunk burrows “go deep and commonly further inwards divide into many branches.” He referred to “Sciurus striatus” (= Tamias striatus ) which he found in Pennsylvania. Audubon and Bachman (1849) described three holes leading to a chamber, and noted that the hole descends “almost perpendicularly for about three feet.” J. G. Wood (1892) noted the complexity of the burrow, repeated the notion of a nearly perpendicular descent of three feet, and added that the system is always under some shelter. In 1929 Howell very briefly summarized …
Structural and Magnetic Properties of XMnSb/PtMnSb Clb Heusler Alloy Superlattices (X=Ni,Cu)

We have grown superlattices based on the Clb Heusler alloys PtMnSb, CuMnSb and NiMnSb between 200-500/dgC on A12O3 (0001). X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates (111) oriented ordered structures for growth at 300/dgC. Higher deposition temperature leads to interdiffusion, loss of the multilayer structure and appearance of extra phases. Growth at 200°C slightly reduces the intermixing but also reduces the quality of the crystal structure. For PtMnSb/CuMnSb, we found an enhancement of the saturation magnetization compared to equivalent PtMnSb single layer films and a CuMnSb spacer thickness dependence of the squareness of the M(H) 100ps suggestive of interlayer coupling. Short periodicity NiMnSb/PtMnSb superlattices show an in-plane magnetic easy axis, but correction for shape anisotropy indicates a tendency for perpendicular anisotropy.
Evaluation of the Suspicious Neck Mass

Neck masses can be classified as congenital, inflammatory, or neoplastic. The history and physical exam provide key information regarding the most likely etiology and guide further workup of the mass. History should include tobacco and alcohol use, infectious exposure, and travel. Inflammatory masses are the most common cause among children and young adults. Congenital lesions become clinically apparent before the age of 30 but cannot be excluded in older patients. For patients over 40 years of age, malignancy should be at the top of the differential as 85 % of neck masses are neoplastic, and most of those are malignant.
Analysis of information on HIV antibody detection of HIV testing laboratory in Liaocheng

Objective: To understand the characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemic and control programs. Methods: To ana-lyze the date of HIV/AIDS surveillance obtained from 1997 to 2008 in Liaocheng. Results: There were 25 HIV testing laboratory network construction in our city to 2008. 46 HIV/AIDS of cases were found in 206 100 people. The 3 routes of transmission HIV blood, 21 cases of sex, 17 cases of blood and other 8 cases. Conclusion: The present prevalence rate is low in Liaocheng region and there is a probability that it may go up rapidly in the future. Therefore, the awareness of the local people and professional competence of health workers for of HIV should be substantially enhanced.
Affecting factors of single well production with leading injection in the low permeability reservoir

In this paper,the research was made about the effect of injection time,permeability,injector producer distance and pressure coefficient on the leading injection in the low permeability reservoir.The result showed that leading injection could enhance the driving pressure differential and decrease the adverse effect of pressure sensitivity on the development of the low permeability reservoir.Leading injection showed a good effect on enhancing oil production.Proper injector producer intervals are inportant.Optimum displacement result could not be achieved when the distance was too big or too small.Good result of leading injection could be achieved in the normal and subnormal pressure reservoir,while in the surer pressure and low permeability reservoir,delayed injection should be adopted.
Investigation into the presence of human papillomavirus in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Objectives/Hypothesis The human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to infect the tissues of the oropharynx as demonstrated in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). HPV has also been shown to induce benign lymphoid hypertrophy. We sought to investigate an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the presence of HPV in palatine and lingual tonsillar oropharyngeal tissue. Study Design Case series with chart review. Methods This retrospective laboratory-based study of oropharyngeal tissue from patients with OSA included patients >18 years old who underwent surgical treatment for OSA at a single institution between January 2012 and May 2014. Surgical specimens of adequate size were analyzed for HPV6, 11, and 16 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction from DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Student t test, Pearson χ2 test, and linear logistic regression were used to assess comparisons of body mass index (BMI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), age, and gender between HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups. Results Of 99 cases included in the study, six were positive for HPV: two with HPV16 and four with HPV6. BMI, AHI, age, and gender showed no significant differences between the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups. Logistic regression to predict HPV positivity accounting for each variable and multivariate analysis were not statistically significant. Conclusions Our study did not show HPV to have a statistically significant association with OSA. None of the covariates analyzed (BMI, AHI, gender, age) predicted HPV positivity in surgically resected oropharyngeal tissue from OSA patients. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 127:1231–1234, 2017
Thermal neutron imaging with a Rotationally Modulated Collimator (RMC)

The Rotating Modulation Collimator has been modified to image thermal neutron sources. The components of the RMC imaging system were modified to suit thermal neutrons. The experiment compared two detectors (He3 and BF3) and two mask materials (cadmium and borated epoxy) for a 77mCi PuBe source. Preliminary results indicate that both He3 and BF3 detectors may be used with the RMC. Further efforts will be made to reduce the uncertainty in the system.
Assessing the acceptability and feasibility of encounter decision aids for early stage breast cancer targeted at underserved patients

Women of low socioeconomic status (SES) diagnosed with early stage breast cancer are less likely to be involved in treatment decisions. They tend to report higher decisional regret and poorer communication. Evidence suggests that well-designed encounter decision aids (DAs) could improve outcomes and potentially reduce healthcare disparities. Our goal was to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of encounter decision aids (Option Grid, Comic Option Grid, and Picture Option Grid) adapted for a low-SES and low-literacy population. We used a multi-phase, mixed-methods approach. In phase 1, we conducted a focus group with rural community stakeholders. In phase 2, we developed and administered a web-based questionnaire with patients of low and high SES. In phase 3, we interviewed patients of low SES and relevant healthcare professionals. Data from phase 1 (n = 5) highlighted the importance of addressing treatment costs for patients. Data from phase 2 (n = 268) and phase 3 (n = 15) indicated that using both visual displays and numbers are helpful for understanding statistical information. Data from all three phases suggested that using plain language and simple images (Picture Option Grid) was most acceptable and feasible. The Comic Option Grid was deemed least acceptable. Option Grid and Picture Option Grid appeared acceptable and feasible in facilitating patient involvement and improving perceived understanding among patients of high and low SES. Picture Option Grid was considered most acceptable, accessible and feasible in the clinic visit. However, given the small sample sizes used, those findings need to be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to determine the impact of pictorial and text-based encounter decision aids in underserved patients and across socioeconomic strata.
L2 Error Estimates for Projection Methods for Parabolic Equations in Approximating Domains

Publisher Summary This chapter describes two projective methods for the approximate solution of non-linear parabolic problems with essential boundary conditions. The methods produce approximate solutions in function spaces that do not satisfy the boundary conditions and the computations are performed on domains that are good approximations, but not necessarily equal, to the original domain. In one of the methods the approximate solution is defined by a sequence of linear algebraic equations even though the differential problem is very nonlinear. For each method an L2 error estimate of optimal order is presented. The chapter also discusses the approximate solution of elliptic problems and the parabolic procedures.
Single and Double Charge Transfer in C 4 + -He Collisions

Cross sections for single and double charge transfer from ${\mathrm{C}}^{4+}$ incident on He have been measured and calculated for relative velocities between (0.2 and 1.2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{8}$ cm/sec. The double-charge-transfer cross section rises with decreasing energy and is predicted to be nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that for single charge transfer at the lowest velocity. The single- and double-charge-transfer cross sections are experimentally found to be equal at a velocity of 6.5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{7}$ cm/sec with a value of 2.7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
Editorial introduction: impact, sustainability, and inclusion for JHRI

Dear colleagues in the HRI community, JHRI needs you!It gives us great pleasure to join the Journal of Human-Robot Interaction (JHRI) as the new Editors-in-Chief. We are truly honored to serve the human-robot interaction (HRI) community in this role, and brimming with excitement for the journal in the coming years.
An iterative solution approach to a multi-objective facility location problem

Abstract This work presents a novel methodology for solving multi-objective facility location problems (mo-FLPs) with the focus on public emergency service stations. Our study is one of a few studies incorporating the objectives of three well-known problems, viz. the p-median problem (pMP), the maximal coverage location problem (MCLP) and the p-center problem (pCP). Aiming to find a set of Pareto optimal solutions and a compromise solution for all three objectives, we have developed an algorithm which solves each individual location problem sequentially. The proposed approach is mainly based on a combination of the branch & bound and iterative goal programming techniques. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with numerical examples.
Moderate Deviations for Queues in Critical Loading

We establish logarithmic asymptotics of moderate deviations for queue-length and waiting-time processes in single server queues and open queueing networks in critical loading. Our results complement earlier diffusion approximation results.
The translation of non-canonical open reading frames controls mucosal immunity

The annotation of the mammalian protein-coding genome is incomplete. Arbitrary size restriction of open reading frames (ORFs) and the absolute requirement for a methionine codon as the sole initiator of translation have constrained the identification of potentially important transcripts with non-canonical protein-coding potential1,2. Here, using unbiased transcriptomic approaches in macrophages that respond to bacterial infection, we show that ribosomes associate with a large number of RNAs that were previously annotated as 'non-protein coding'. Although the idea that such non-canonical ORFs can encode functional proteins is controversial3,4, we identify a range of short and non-ATG-initiated ORFs that can generate stable and spatially distinct proteins. Notably, we show that the translation of a new ORF 'hidden' within the long non-coding RNA Aw112010 is essential for the orchestration of mucosal immunity during both bacterial infection and colitis. This work expands our interpretation of the protein-coding genome and demonstrates that proteinaceous products generated from non-canonical ORFs are crucial for the immune response in vivo. We therefore propose that the misannotation of non-canonical ORF-containing genes as non-coding RNAs may obscure the essential role of a multitude of previously undiscovered protein-coding genes in immunity and disease.
An improved articulated model of the human hand

We present an improved anatomically based approach to modeling the human hand for use in the animation of American Sign Language. The joint rotations in the model are based on the bone and muscle configurations of the hand, and a forward kinematic solution is used to position the hand. In particular, we investigate the rotations of the base joint of the thumb. This joint is a saddle joint with non-trivial rotational axes and centers, and must be treated with care in such a model. We take advantage of several correlations between joint rotations in the hand to reduce the number of degrees of freedom in the model and provide a simple, intuitive and interactive interface for American Sign Language handshape transcription.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor promotes progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a keratinocyte-derived invasive and metastatic tumor of the skin. It is the second-most commonly diagnosed form of skin cancer striking 200 000 Americans annually. Further, in organ transplant patients, there is a 65- to 100-fold increased incidence of cSCC compared to the general population. Excision of cSCC of the head and neck results in significant facial disfigurement. Therefore, increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogeneses of cSCC could identify means to prevent, inhibit, and reverse this process. In our previous studies, inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) significantly decreased ultraviolet B-induced epidermal hyperplasia and hyperproliferation in SKH-1 mice, suggesting an important role for FGFR signaling in skin cancer development. However, the role of FGFR signaling in the progression of cSCC is not yet elucidated. Analysis of the expression of FGFR in cSCC cells and normal epidermal keratinocytes revealed protein overexpression and increased FGFR2 activation in cSCC cells compared to normal keratinocytes. Further, tumor cell-specific overexpression of FGFR2 was detected in human cSCCs, whereas the expression of FGFR2 was low in premalignant lesions and normal skin. Pretreatment with the pan-FGFR inhibitor; AZD4547 significantly decreased cSCC cell-cycle traverse, proliferation, migration, and motility. Interestingly, AZD4547 also significantly downregulated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and AKT activation in cSCC cells, suggesting an important role of these signaling pathways in FGFR-mediated effects. To further bolster the in vitro studies, NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice with SCC12A tumor xenografts treated with AZD4547 (15 mg/kg/bw, twice weekly oral gavage) exhibited significantly decreased tumor volume compared to the vehicle-only treatment group. The current studies provide mechanistic evidence for the role of FGFR and selectively FGFR2 in the early progression of cSCC and identifies FGFR as a putative therapeutic target in the treatment of skin cancer.
A theory of work-family conflict episode processing

Abstract To clarify how work and non-work role conflicts are processed and produce psychological change, we propose an integrative theory of work-family conflict (WFC) episode processing. We clarify ambiguities around the meaning of WFC, overcome questionable research assumptions, make testable counter-normative predictions, reconcile “levels” and “episodes” WFC conceptions, and explain how WFC can even have a net positive effect for the person. In the model, a trigger event causes a perceived WF role incompatibility and a negative change in core affect, prompting either a scripted response or controlled sensemaking. In the latter, cognitive appraisals and secondary affect ensue, causing a choice of a coping/resolution response. Responses are reinforced/punished, and possibly, consciously evaluated. Episodes end with the potential storage of outputs in long-term memory. State inputs to an episode condition processing and memory storage. Stored episode outputs can thereafter become inputs to future episodes and/or cause longer-term change in role performance, satisfaction, and well-being. After describing these processes, we suggest new directions for WFC research and practice.
Hybrid Retrieval-Generation Reinforced Agent for Medical Image Report Generation

Generating long and coherent reports to describe medical images poses challenges to bridging visual patterns with informative human linguistic descriptions. We propose a novel Hybrid Retrieval-Generation Reinforced Agent (HRGR-Agent) which reconciles traditional retrieval-based approaches populated with human prior knowledge, with modern learning-based approaches to achieve structured, robust, and diverse report generation. HRGR-Agent employs a hierarchical decision-making procedure. For each sentence, a high-level retrieval policy module chooses to either retrieve a template sentence from an off-the-shelf template database, or invoke a low-level generation module to generate a new sentence. HRGR-Agent is updated via reinforcement learning, guided by sentence-level and word-level rewards. Experiments show that our approach achieves the state-of-the-art results on two medical report datasets, generating well-balanced structured sentences with robust coverage of heterogeneous medical report contents. In addition, our model achieves the highest detection precision of medical abnormality terminologies, and improved human evaluation performance.
Metabolomics and the Microbiome as Biomarkers in Sepsis

Metabolomics is an emerging field of research interest in sepsis. Metabolomics provides new ways of exploring the diagnosis, mechanism, and prognosis of sepsis. Advancements in technologies have enabled significant improvements in identifying novel biomarkers associated with the disease progress of sepsis. The use of metabolomics in the critically ill may provide new approaches to enable precision medicine. Furthermore, the dynamic interactions of the host and its microbiome can lead to further progression of sepsis. Understanding these interactions and the changes in the host's genomics and the microbiome can provide novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against sepsis.
General Theory of Inflammation. Concise Summary of Basic Principles

Patient self-administration of hydrocortisone with stress management promises to safely eliminate chronic inflammation from within all diseases of inflammation...
Engagement From the Periphery: Reconceptualizing Adult English Language Learners’ Resistance in Developmental Literacy:

English language learners’ nonparticipation and reticence in adult literacy classes are often presented problematically from a deficit lens of student resistance and disengagement. This article dra...
Curing behavior, chain dynamics, and microstructure of high Tg thiol-acrylate networks with systematically varied network heterogeneity

Abstract A series of networks is introduced with systematically varied network heterogeneity and high overall values of average glass transition temperature (Tg), based on polymerization of rigid acrylate and aromatic thiol monomers. The curing behavior, chain dynamics, and microstructure of these networks were investigated through a combination of dynamic mechanical analysis and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and x-ray scattering, respectively. The maximum Tg achieved during cure can be related to the breadth of the mechanical loss tangent, as others have previously suggested, as well as the temperature dependence of the chain dynamics in the network as monitored by 1H NMR. In addition, the microstructures of the networks are characterized by periodic, fractal microgels with characteristic length scales of ca. 20–40 nm. Intriguingly, this structural motif persists in the more homogeneous networks exhibiting comparatively narrow glass transitions and chain dynamics, indicating that dynamically homogeneous networks can still exhibit significant compositional heterogeneity at the mesoscale.
Choose MyPlate: Drink Water Instead of Sugary Drinks

The regular consumption of sugary drinks has greatly increased over the past few decades. Most adults consume about 400 calories per day as beverages, and regular soda is the number one drink. The added sugars and calories in sugary drinks can really add up — so rethink what you drink! Use one or more of the tips provided to drink more water and get on the right track to living a healthier life. This 3-page fact sheet was written by Jeanine Beatty, Karla Shelnutt, and Gail Kauwell, and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, April 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1358
InAlN/GaN-on-Si HEMT with 4.5 W/mm in a 200-mm CMOS-Compatible MMIC Process for 3D Integration

In this paper we present a fully CMOS-compatible fabrication process for GaN-on-Si monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) on 200-mm-diameter wafers. This process also enables wafer-level 3D integration of GaN MMICs with Si CMOS circuits to enhance performance and functionality while reducing the size, weight, power, as well as the cost. We demonstrate our progress towards full 3D integration, including a discussion on GaN HEMT fabrication and bonding with a Si CMOS wafer. With the use of an InA1N barrier layer we show a GaN-on-Si HEMT output power of 4.5 W/mm and PAE of 53% at 10 GHz.
Examining Predictors of Differential Attitudes toward Reporting Sexual Assault among Incarcerated Women

This study examines how attitudes toward in-prison sexual assault reporting have changed over time. Further, we examine factors that influence the willingness of incarcerated women to advise report...