cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical production planning using a hybrid system dynamic-discrete event simulation architecture

Hierarchical production planning provides a formal bridge between long-term plans and short-term schedules. A hybrid simulation-based production planning architecture consisting of system dynamics (SD) components at the higher decision level and discrete event simulation (DES) components at the lower decision level is presented. The need for the two types of simulation has been justified. The architecture consists of four modules: enterprise-level decision maker, SD model of enterprise, shop-level decision maker and DES model of shop. The decision makers select the optimal set of control parameters based on the estimated behavior of the system. These control parameters are used by the SD and DES models to determine the best plan based on the actual behavior of the system. High level architecture has been employed to interface SD and DES simulation models. Experimental results from a single-product manufacturing enterprise demonstrate the validity and scope of the proposed approach.
Secretins: dynamic channels for protein transport across membranes.

Secretins form megadalton bacterial-membrane channels in at least four sophisticated multiprotein systems that are crucial for translocation of proteins and assembled fibers across the outer membrane of many species of bacteria. Secretin subunits contain multiple domains, which interact with numerous other proteins, including pilotins, secretion-system partner proteins, and exoproteins. Our understanding of the structure of secretins is rapidly progressing, and it is now recognized that features common to all secretins include a cylindrical arrangement of 12–15 subunits, a large periplasmic vestibule with a wide opening at one end and a periplasmic gate at the other. Secretins might also play a key role in the biogenesis of their cognate secretion systems.
Electric double layer at metal oxide surfaces:static properties of the cassiterite-water interface.

The structure of water at the (110) surface of cassiterite (α-SnO2) at ambient conditions was studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations and X-ray crystal truncation rod experiments and interpreted with the help of the revised MUSIC model of surface protonation. The interactions of the metal oxide in the simulations were described by a recently developed classical force field based on the SPC/E model of water. Two extreme cases of completely hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated surfaces were considered along with a mixed surface with 50% dissociation. To study the dependence of the surface properties on pH, neutral and negatively charged variants of the surfaces were constructed. Axial and lateral density distributions of water for different types of surfaces were compared to each other and to experimental axial density distributions found by X-ray experiments. Although significant differences were found between the structures of the studied interfaces, the axial distances between Sn and O atoms are v...
The value of data: considering the context of production in data economies

In this paper we argue that how scientific collaborations share data is bound up in the ways in which they produce and acquire that data. We draw on ethnographic work with two robotic space exploration teams to show how each community's norms of "data-sharing" are best understood as arising not from the context of the use or exchange of data, but from the context of data production. Shifting our perspective back to the point of production suggests that digital artifacts are embedded in a broader data economy. We present implications for analysis of data in interactional context, and for introducing systems or policies that conflict with the value of data in its context of production.
A reciprocating solar-heated engine utilizing direct absorption by small particles

A new type of reciprocating solar engine utilizing small particles to absorb concentrated sunlight directly within the cylinders is described. The engine operates by drawing an air particle mixture into the cylinder, compressing the mixture, opening an optical valve to allow concentrated sunlight to enter through a window in the top of the cylinder head, absorbing the solar flux with the particles, and converting the heat trapped by the air-particle mixture into mechanical energy with the downward stroke of piston. It differs from other gas driven heat engines using solar energy in three main respects. First, the radiant flux is deposited directly in the working fluid inside the cylinder; second, the heat is directed to the appropriate cylinder by controlling the solar flux by an optical system; third, the gas is heated during a significant portion of the compression stroke. In conclusion, the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine is calculated using an analytical model and is compared to several other engine cycles of interest.
Controversies in Psychiatry and DSM-5: The Relevance for Social Work (Occasional Essay)

This essay addresses recent controversies surrounding the forthcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5—the first major revision of the DSM since 1994), as well as questions regarding the safety and efficacy of psychotropic medications discussed in the public domain. Mental health professionals across a wide range of professions have signed a petition to the DSM-5 Task Force protesting changes in the new edition, and critiques of psychiatric medications are increasingly disseminated in the media. These issues have particular relevance for children in foster care, who receive diagnoses and medication at high rates. The general public is increasingly exposed to information on these topics through the media; as advocates and clinicians, it is important that social work practitioners be informed regarding these issues.
HIV-1 Tat Induces Microvascular Endothelial Apoptosis Through Caspase Activation

HIV-1 Tat, in addition to its critical role in viral transcription, is secreted from infected cells and can act as a proto-cytokine. We studied the effects of HIV-1 Tat in primary human microvascular endothelial cells of lung origin and found that it caused apoptosis. This apoptosis occurred without induction of either Fas or TNF, known mediators of programmed cell death. Tat, like Fas ligand, induced cleavage of chromatin structure, as evidenced by changes in DNA laddering, incorporation of fluorescein into the nicked chromosomal DNA (TUNEL assay), and mono- or oligonucleosomes. Furthermore, Tat treatment caused cleavage of poly(A/DP)-ribose polymerase, a substrate of caspases. Caspase-3, but not caspase-9, was activated following treatment of primary human microvascular endothelial cells of lung origin with either Tat or anti-Fas agonist Ab (anti-Fas). Inhibition of caspase-3 activity markedly reduced apoptosis. Although Fas-mediated apoptosis involved changes in Bcl-2, Bax, and Bad regulatory proteins, such alterations were not observed with Tat. Taken together, these data demonstrate that HIV-1 Tat is able to activate apoptosis in microvascular endothelium by a mechanism distinct from TNF secretion or the Fas pathway.
Geotechnical Site Characterization in the Year 2012 and Beyond

Due to the inherent complexities of natural soil materials, a thorough geotechnical site investigation program requires an integrated testing program of geophysics, rotary drilled borings with sampling, in-situ measurements, and various laboratory test series in order to provide ample information for design and analysis. This is only possible on large projects or situations where critical structures receive sufficient funding. For routine site exploration, realistic limitations in cost and time would dictate that the seismic piezocone test (SCPTu) and seismic flat dilatometer test (SDMTa) with dissipation phases be adopted in practice since as many as five separate measurements are obtained in an economical, continuous, and expedient manner from a single sounding. The collection of multiple readings is necessary to provide adequate information on geomaterials for rational engineering evaluations.
Modeling Selective Stimulation With A Flat Interface Nerve Electrode for Standing Neuroprosthetic Systems

The long-term goal of our research is to restore standing function through selective activation of target fascicles within the femoral nerve by a flat interface nerve electrode (FINE). The optimal number and location of contacts within a FINE had not been determined previously. A realistic three-dimensional finite element model based on a cross section of human femoral nerve and FINE is presented. Simulated voltages are applied as an extracellular field to the MRG double-cable axon model. Initial simulations indicate that optimal contacts may exist for each fascicular group but an acceptable selectivity may require nerve reshaping
NCX1 phosphorylation dilemma: a little closer to resolution. Focus on “Full-length cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 protein is not phosphorylated by protein kinase A”

NA /CA 2 EXCHANGER (NCX) proteins constitute a family of solute carriers that provide the major pathway for removal of calcium from the cytosol in exchange for three times as many sodium ions. The vertebrate NCX proteins are expressed as tissue-specific subtypes coded by multiple genes (NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 in mammals) and further diversified by variable splicing (e.g., NCX1.1, NCX1.2, and NCX1.4). These subtypes show subtle differences in regulation caused by the transported cations and possibly by adrenergic transmitters. -Adrenergic signaling is mediated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) or more significantly, CaM kinase II, which in heart muscle can phosphorylate the L-type calcium channels, phospholamban [regulating sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2 -ATPase (SERCA) activity], the ryanodine receptor, and myofibrils. Because NCX plays such an important role in calcium homeostasis in both the normal and failing heart, possible -adrenergic-mediated phosphorylation of NCX
Laws Relating Runs and Steps in Gambler's Ruin

Abstract Let X j denote a fair gambler’s ruin process on Z ∩ [ − N , N ] started from X 0 = 0 , and denote by R N the number of runs of the absolute value, | X j | , until the last visit j = L N by X j to 0. Then, as N → ∞ , N − 2 R N converges in distribution to a density with Laplace transform: tanh ( λ ) / λ . In law, we find: 2 ( lim N → ∞ N − 2 R N ) = lim N → ∞ N − 2 L N . Denote by R N ′ and L N ′ the number of runs and steps respectively in the meander portion of the gambler’s ruin process. Then, N − 1 ( 2 R N ′ − L N ′ ) converges in law as N → ∞ to the density ( π / 4 ) sech 2 ( π x / 2 ) , − ∞ x ∞ .
Effects of excessive dietary zinc in the rat and the interrelationship with copper.

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of feeding excessive zinc on liver enzymes of the rat were studied. 2. 2. A dietary level of 500–700 mg. per cent zinc resulted in a marked reduction in liver catalase and cytochrome oxidase activities. 3. 3. Copper feeding, along with toxic zinc levels, resulted in an increase of liver catalase and cytochrome oxidase activities to normal values. 4. 4. While copper supplementation influenced the liver enzymes, it had no effect in correcting the growth inhibition produced by zinc.
Policing Katrina: Managing Law Enforcement in New Orleans

Hurricane Katrina impacted the Gulf Coast of the USA on a scale and intensity that was unprecedented for the region. Special problems of policing were posed before, during, and after the hurricane. Focusing on the law enforcement dimensions of the effects of Hurricane Katrina in the city of New Orleans, this paper reviews the organizational and functional adaptations of the New Orleans Police Department in view of the storm. Revealing the social implications of natural disasters, Hurricane Katrina presented a variety of police concerns, ranging from shifting duties involving crime control and emergency relief to the destruction of essential elements of the police infrastructure, the breakdown of police communication and transportation systems, and the need for coordination between police and other first responders. The police experiences of Katrina in New Orleans can serve as a guide for the management of law enforcement organizations to be prepared for similar disasters. Language: en
Globally Optimal Finsler Active Contours

We present a continuous and convex formulation for Finsler active contours using seed regions or utilizing a regional bias term. The utilization of general Finsler metrics instead of Riemannian metrics allows the segmentation boundary to favor appropriate locations (e.g. with strong image discontinuities) and suitable directions (e.g. aligned with dark to bright image gradients). Strong edges are not required everywhere along the desired segmentation boundary due to incorporation of a regional bias. The resulting optimization procedure is simple and efficient, and leads to binary segmentation results regardless of the underlying continuous formulation. We demonstrate the proposed method in several examples.
g-Factors of subatomic particles

The anomalous g-factors of the muon and electron have played an important role in the development of QED, and in our understanding of the nature of these leptons. The current precision of the electron anomaly makes it one of the most precisely measured quantities in nature, and one could argue that QED is so well understood that this measurement can be used to provide the best measurement of the fine-structure constant.
Convection in a box: linear theory

The linear stability of a quiescent, three-dimensional rectangular box of fluid heated from below is considered. It is found that finite rolls (cells with two non-zero velocity components dependent on all three spatial variables) with axes parallel to the shorter side are predicted. When the depth is the shortest dimension, the cross-sections of these finite rolls are near-square, but otherwise (in wafer-shaped boxes) narrower cells appear. The value of the critical Rayleigh number and preferred wave-number (number of finite rolls) for a given size box is determined for boxes with horizontal dimensions h, ¼ ≤ h/d ≤ 6, where d is the depth.
Robust regulation for nonlinear systems with gain-bounded uncertainties

In this paper we study the problem of robust output regulation for a nonlinear system in the presence of gain-bounded perturbations. The problem in question is approached as a problem of robustly stabilizing, in the presence of gain-bounded uncertainties, a suitable "augmented" plant in which the regulated output drives an appropriate "internal model" of the exosystem. Robust stabilization of the latter is achieved, in turn, by solving an appropriate problem of suboptimal disturbance attenuation. >
Introducing network programming into a CS1 course

Incorporating advanced programming concepts into an introductory programming course has to be done carefully to avoid overwhelming the students. We describe our experiences doing network programming in a CS1 course taught in Python. The simplicity of the built-in libraries allowed a fair amount of networking to be introduced in a week-long module of the course. In this short time we had the students writing both multithreaded clients and servers.
Block of IKs, the slow component of the delayed rectifier K+ current, by the diuretic agent indapamide in guinea pig myocytes.

There is a high incidence of diuretic use among patients who develop exaggerated QT prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) during treatment with action potential-prolonging agents. Diuretic-induced hypokalemia is thought to be the usual mechanism, but a direct effect of diuretic drugs on repolarizing currents is an additional possibility. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of the diuretic agents chlorthalidone and indapamide on the cardiac delayed rectifier current. In guinea pig ventricular myocytes, this current is made up of two components: IKr, a rapidly activating, inwardly rectifying current blocked by most action potential-prolonging antiarrhythmics, and IKs, a slowly activating component. In this preparation, indapamide blocked outward current in a time-, voltage- and concentration-dependent fashion, whereas chlorthalidone (1 mmol/L) was without effect. The following features of the effect of indapamide strongly suggest selective block of IKs: (1) Indapamide block was significantly greater with 5000-millisecond activating pulses (-43 +/- 5% at +50 mV [100 mumol/L indapamide]) than with 225-millisecond ones (-20 +/- 5%; n = 5, P < .01), and the signature of the indapamide-sensitive current was a slowly activating delayed rectifier current. (2) The voltage dependence of indapamide block (EC50, 101 mumol/L at +50 mV and 196 mumol/L at +10 mV) was consistent with preferential block of IKs relative to IKr. (3) In the presence of indapamide, an envelope-of-tails test for IKr was satisfied. The drug-insensitive current had rectifying properties similar to those described for IKr in these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pericardial yolk sac tumor presenting as cardiac tamponade in a 21-month-old child

FIG. 1 Two-dimensional echocardiogram in parasternal long-axis view, showing a large mass (T) at the base of the heart with global pericardial effusion (PE). LV = left ventricle. FIG. 2 Single axial image from spiral computed tomography of the chest shows a large, heterogeneous enhancing mass (M) located anterior and to the right of the cardiac structures. It extends towards the right hilum (H) with atelectasis of the left lower lobe of the lung (LL). LA = left atrium, RV = right ventricle.
Energy Recovery From Mixed Waste Paper

Abstract The chief characteristic that determines the quantity of energy recoverable from the combustion of mixed waste paper (MWP) is the thermal energy of the material as measured by a bomb calorimeter. Mixed waste paper can be divided into 11 groups, according to the qualities of the paper, such as newspaper, boxboard, white office paper, coloured office paper, envelopes, treated paper (NCR), beverage and milk boxes, glossy paper, kraft, cardboard, and tissue. Individual thermal energies per weight of these groups (components of mixed waste paper) and mixed waste paper itself are determined separately and ranges established for their thermal energies. Using individual thermal energies of mixed waste paper components, the thermal energy of a typical sample of mixed waste paper is estimated. Based on this work it is concluded that it is possible to estimate the quantity of energy recoverable from a known amount and composition of mixed waste paper by separating the sample into its components and using the weight fraction and individual thermal energies of each component.
Measuring chromosome dynamics on different time scales using resolvases with varying half‐lives

Summary The bacterial chromosome is organized into multiple independent domains, each capable of constraining the plectonemic negative supercoil energy introduced by DNA gyrase. Different experimental approaches have estimated the number of domains to be between 40 and 150. The site-specific resolution systems of closely related transposons Tn3 and γδ are valuable tools for measuring supercoil diffusion and analysing bacterial chromosome dynamics in vivo. Once made, the wild-type resolvase persists in cells for time periods greater than the cell doubling time. To examine chromosome dynamics over shorter time frames that are more closely tuned to processes like inducible transcription, we constructed a set of resolvases with cellular half-lives ranging from less than 5 min to 30 min. Analysing chromosomes on different time scales shows domain structure to be dynamic. Rather than the 150 domains detected with the Tn3 resolvase, wild-type cells measured over a 10 min time span have more than 400 domains per genome equivalent, and some gyrase mutants exceed 1000.
Calcium influx: beyond 'current' biology

A novel, cell-surface protein essential for Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel function has been identified through independent genome-wide screens. This huge advance will enable molecular dissection of the CRAC channel complex, moving the field beyond Icrac signature to structure.
Diagnosis of polyomavirus-induced hepatic necrosis in psittacine birds using DNA probes

Liver sections from 32 psittacine birds with multifocal to coalescing hepatocellular necrosis were examined to determine the cause of disease. Avian polyomavirus (APV) infection (19 of 32 birds), bacterial hepatitis (5 of 32 birds), and chlamydiosis (3 of 32 birds) were major causes of hepatic disease. The presence of APV inclusions or nucleic acid was demonstrated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, DNA in situ hybridization, and DNA amplification with Southern blotting. Amphophilic intranuclear inclusions, suggestive of APV infection, were observed in HE-stained liver sections from 5 of 32 birds. Hepatocellular karyomegaly was present in liver tissues from 10 birds (5 birds with typical APV inclusions and 5 birds without discernable inclusions). DNA in situ hybridization recognized intranuclear APV nucleic acid in liver sections of 18 of 32 birds. DNA amplification with Southern or dot blots also identified APV nucleic acid in processed, paraffin- embedded livers of 18 of 32 birds. This study demonstrates that acute APV infection is a frequent cause of multifocal to coalescing hepatocellular necrosis in psittacine birds. Furthermore, APV infection is best diagnosed using DNA probes, especially when typical intranuclear inclusions are not observed microscopically. Avian polyomavirus (APV) (formerly budgerigar fledgling disease virus or papovavirus) infection is caused by a 40-50-nm-diameter icosahedral, nonen- veloped virus containing a 4,980-base pair circular, double-stranded DNA genome. This virus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in psittacine aviaries
Finding speech formants and modulations via energy separation: with application to a vocoder

An experimental system that uses an energy-tracking operator and a related energy separation algorithm to find speech formants and amplitude/frequency modulations automatically in voiced speech segments is presented. Initial estimates of formant center frequencies are provided by either LPC (linear predictive coding) or morphological spectral peak picking. These estimates are improved by a combination of bandpass filtering and iterative application of energy separation. The system is shown to be effective. Its application to an AM-FM vocoder is also discussed. >
Mobile AD(D): Estimating Mobile App Session Times for Better Ads

While mobile advertisement is the dominant source of revenue for mobile apps, the usage patterns of mobile users, and thus their engagement and exposure times, may be in conflict with the effectiveness of current ads. Users engagement with apps can range from a few seconds to several minutes, depending on a number of factors such as users' locations, concurrent activities and goals. Despite the wide-range of engagement times, the current format of ad auctions dictates that ads are priced, sold and configured prior to actual viewing, that is regardless of the actual ad exposure time. We argue that the wealth of easy-to-gather contextual information on mobile devices is sufficient to allow advertisers to make better choices by effectively predicting exposure time. We analyze mobile device usage patters with a detailed two-week long user study of 37 users in the US and South Korea. After characterizing application session times, we use factor analysis to derive a simple predictive model and show that is able to offer improved accuracy compared to mean session time over 90% of the time. We make the case for including predicted ad exposure duration in the price of mobile advertisements and posit that such information could significantly impact the effectiveness of mobile ads by giving publishers the ability to tune campaigns for engagement length, and enable a more efficient market for ad impressions while lowering network utilization and device power consumption.
Measuring the Photonic Frequency Qubit Generated by an 171Yb+ Ion in a Surface Trap

We propose a novel qubit state measurement method for photonic frequency qubits using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with unequal path lengths. A practical implementation for photons generated by 171Yb+ ions in a surface trap is described.
A multivariate generalized Cp and surface estimation

We propose a new multivariate generalized Cp (MGCp) criterion for tuning parameter selection in nonparametric regression, applicable when there are multiple covariates whose values may be irregularly spaced. Apart from an asymptotically negligible remainder, the MGCp criterion has expected value equal to the sum of squared errors of a fitted derivative (rather than of a fitted mean response). Thus, unlike traditional criteria for tuning parameter selection, MGCp is not prone to undersmoothed derivative estimation. We illustrate a scientific application in a case study that explores the relationship among three measures of liver function. Since recent technological developments hold promise for assessing two of these measures outside of medical and laboratory facilities, better understanding of the aforementioned relationship may allow enhanced monitoring of liver function, especially in developing countries and among persons for whom access to medical and laboratory facilities is limited.
Tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance in a magnetic tunnel junction with half-metallic electrodes

Tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) is the difference in resistance of a magnetic tunnel junction due to a change in magnetization direction of one or both magnetic electrodes with respect to the flow of current. We present the results of first-principles density functional calculations of the TAMR effect in magnetic tunnel junctions with $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.7}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (LSMO) electrodes and a $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (STO) tunneling barrier. We find an $\ensuremath{\sim}500%$ difference in resistance between magnetization in the plane and out of the plane. This large TAMR effect originates from the half-metallic nature of LSMO: When magnetization is out of plane spin-orbit coupling (SOC) contributions to the transmission come only from spin-flip scattering, which is intrinsically small due to the half-metallicity. For in-plane magnetization, however, there is a large non-spin-flip SOC contribution to the conductance. The large magnitude of the effect stems from the additional fact that there is an inherent polar discontinuity between LSMO and STO which leads to quasilocalized states at the interface whose influence on tunneling is strongly dependent on the magnetization orientation.
Detection of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 within matrigel and growth factor-reduced matrigel basement membrane.

Aims and background: Matrigel (MG) basement membrane is commonly used for in vitro studies of cellular migration, invasion and angiogenesis. It contains structural molecules such as collagen IV and laminin plus several growth factors which are diminished in growth factor-reduced Matrigel (GFR-MG). A less appreciated but important aspect of MG is the presence of matrix enzymes and their inhibitors. For relevant interpretation of data using MG/GFR-MG models, it may be necessary to know the enzymes or inhibitors contributed by these basement membranes themselves. Methods: Immunoblot and zymography were used to detect the presence or absence of MMP-1 and 7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 (TIMP-1, TIMP-2), plasminogen activator activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Growth and invasion assays using prostate cancer cells were used to assess the effects of TIMP-2 presence or absence. Results: We detected MMP-7, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and PAI-1 in both Matrigels, TIMP-2 was detected only in regular Matrigel and no MMP-1 or TIMP-1 was detected in either matrix. Invasion assays comparing regular MG and GFR-MG indicated cell line variability with regard to invasion efficiency as two tested prostate cancer lines were unaffected by the MG type while one was significantly more invasive in regular MG. Growth experiments suggest that the presence of TIMP-2 in regular MG may retard growth but overall proliferation is still greater in regular MG than in GFR-MG. Conclusions: These data provide a useful reference for interpretation of in vitro Matrigel assays.
Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Case study: K.T., a 48-year-old man, presents for a routine office visit. He is worried about cardiovascular disease (CVD) and asks whether he should take daily aspirin to lower his risk. His blood pressure is 120/60 mm Hg, and his total cholesterol is 180 mg per dL (4.66 mmol per L), with a low-density lipoprotein level of 80 mg per dL (2.07 mmol per L) and a high-density lipoprotein level of 40 (1.04 mmol per L). He does not have diabetes mellitus and does not use tobacco.
Real-Time Imaging Reveals Properties of Glutamate-Induced Arc/Arg 3.1 Translation in Neuronal Dendrites

The immediate early gene Arc (also Arg3.1) produces rapid changes in synaptic properties that are linked to de novo translation. Here we develop a novel translation reporter that exploits the rapid maturation and "flash" kinetics of Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) to visualize Arc translation. Following glutamate stimulation, discrete Arc-Gluc bioluminescent flashes representing sites of de novo translation are detected within 15 s at distributed sites in dendrites, but not spines. Flashes are episodic, lasting ∼20 s, and may be unitary or repeated at ∼minute intervals at the same sites. Analysis of flash amplitudes suggests they represent the quantal product of one or more polyribosomes, while inter-flash intervals appear random, suggesting they arise from a stochastic process. Surprisingly, glutamate-induced translation is dependent on Arc open reading frame. Combined observations support a model in which stalled ribosomes are reactivated to rapidly generate Arc protein.
Costs: Basic Concepts

An industrial enterprise encompasses the interaction of many specialised activities which are directed and integrated by management in the interests of the firm’s guiding objectives. If costs are to serve as an effective guide to managerial decision making, they must be appraised within an analytical framework comparable in coverage and complexity to the processes to be controlled. Accordingly, the pattern of industrial costs may usefully be regarded as an intricate structure of relationships among costs at various levels of aggregation, over different periods of time, and reflecting the influence of different areas of performance. In exploring the structure of industrial costs, this chapter will focus on total costs, on cost proportions and on unit costs.
Characterizing Forming Behavior

(1988). Characterizing Forming Behavior. Materials and Processing Report: Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 4-5.
A fully-implicit high-order system thermal-hydraulics model for advanced non-LWR safety analyses

Abstract An advanced system analysis tool is being developed for advanced reactor safety analysis. This paper describes the underlying physics and numerical models used in the code, including the governing equations, the stabilization schemes, the high-order spatial and temporal discretization schemes, and the Jacobian Free Newton Krylov solution method. The effects of the spatial and temporal discretization schemes are investigated. Additionally, a series of verification test problems are presented to confirm the high-order schemes. It is demonstrated that the developed system thermal-hydraulics model can be strictly verified with the theoretical convergence rates, and that it performs very well for a wide range of flow problems with high accuracy, efficiency, and minimal numerical diffusions.
Electronic and Vibrational Properties of Transition Metal-Oxides: Comparison of GGA, GGA + U, and Hybrid Approaches

Abstract We estimate the Hubbard parameters for density-functional-theory (DFT) + U calculations of ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , TiO 2 , and NiO based on calibrating the electronic structure obtained from hybrid functional methods. The electronic density of states is used to assess the parameters and the values thus derived are employed for the full electron and phonon dispersion comparisons. The resulting values account for experimental band gaps and electron correlations that are computationally much less demanding to treat within the simpler DFT + U framework than with the typically more accurate yet expensive hybrid functional methods. Limitations of +U scheme is indicated towards describing TiO 2 and HfO 2 phase-stability.
G-computation of average treatment effects on the treated and the untreated.

Average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) and the untreated (ATU) are useful when there is interest in: the evaluation of the effects of treatments or interventions on those who received them, the presence of treatment heterogeneity, or the projection of potential outcomes in a target (sub-) population. In this paper we illustrate the steps for estimating ATT and ATU using g-computation implemented via Monte Carlo simulation. To obtain marginal effect estimates for ATT and ATU we used a three-step approach: fitting a model for the outcome, generating potential outcome variables for ATT and ATU separately, and regressing each potential outcome variable on treatment intervention. The estimates for ATT, ATU and average treatment effect (ATE) were of similar magnitude, with ATE being in between ATT and ATU as expected. In our illustrative example, the effect (risk difference [RD]) of a higher education on angina among the participants who indeed have at least a high school education (ATT) was −0.019 (95% CI: −0.040, −0.007) and that among those who have less than a high school education in India (ATU) was −0.012 (95% CI: −0.036, 0.010). The g-computation algorithm is a powerful way of estimating standardized estimates like the ATT and ATU. Its use should be encouraged in modern epidemiologic teaching and practice.
Comparison of the KRAS/EGFR mutation profile and survival of “collegiate smokers” and never smokers with advanced lung cancers.

7580 Background: In practice, we encounter patients (pts) with lung cancers who state they smoked only while in college. The impact of this degree of tobacco use on cancer biology is unknown. We ha...
Is There a Magnet-School Effect? A Multisite Study of MSAP-Funded Magnet Schools

ABSTRACTMagnet schools are one of the largest sectors of choice schools in the United States. In this study, we explored the heterogeneity in magnet-school effects on student achievement by examining 24 magnet schools, funded under the Magnet Schools Assistance Program (MSAP), in 5 school districts across 4 states. The magnet effects were synthesized across schools with a multilevel variance-known analysis, using the school-level effects estimated with a propensity score matched regression approach. Results indicated significant variation in magnet effects on student outcomes, with some magnet schools showing positive effects, and others showing negative effects. This variation can be explained by program implementation and magnet support.
Arteriolar smooth muscle responses are modulated by an intramural diffusion barrier

Arterioles (40-80 micron diameter) were isolated from the hamster cheek pouch, cannulated at both ends, and perfused with 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS)-buffered physiological salt solution (PSS). The vessels were observed with an inverted microscope and video system, and arteriolar diameter was measured. Arterioles were found to be 100 times more responsive to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine when applied to the adventitial surface than when applied to the luminal surface. In contrast, SKF 89748-A, also an alpha 1-adrenoceptor selective agonist, but with a much greater lipid solubility than phenylephrine, was equipotent from either surface of the arteriole. We hypothesized that the difference between the two drugs was due to the ability of SKF 89748-A to permeate a diffusion barrier in the arteriolar wall because of its lipid-solubility. To test this hypothesis, a spectrum of antagonists with different sites of action and lipid solubilities was tested. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists phentolamine and benextramine and the muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine, scopolamine, and methscopolamine were all found to be more potent at blocking the action of appropriate agonists when applied to the same surface of the arteriole as the agonist than when applied to the opposite surface. Octanol-water partition coefficients were measured for each of the compounds, and these were found to be highly correlated with the ratio of luminal potency to adventitial potency for each of the drugs tested. These data support the hypothesis that the endothelial cell layer in these arterioles forms a barrier to the diffusion of small, water-soluble molecules from the lumen to the smooth muscle cell layer. Such a barrier may have a significant effect on arteriolar reactivity.
Socioeconomic Status and Non-Fatal Adult Injuries in Selected Atlanta (Georgia USA) Hospitals.

Background Injury mortality data for adults in the United States and other countries consistently show higher mortality for those with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Data are sparse regarding the role of SES among adult, non-fatal US injuries. The current study estimated non-fatal injury risk by household income using hospital emergency department (ED) visits. Methods A total of 1,308,892 ED visits at 10 Atlanta (Georgia USA) hospitals from 2001-2004 (347,866 injuries) were studied. The SES was based on US census-block group income, with subjects assigned to census blocks based on reported residence. Logistic regression was used to determine risk by SES for injuries versus all other ED visits, adjusting for demographics, hospital, and weather. Supplemental analyses using hospital data from 2010-2013, without data on SES, were conducted to determine whether earlier patterns by race, age, and gender persisted. Results Risk for many injury categories increased with higher income. Odds ratio by quartiles of increasing income (lowest quartile as referent, 95% confidence interval [CI] given for upper most quartile) were 1.00, 1.23, 1.34, 1.40 (95% CI 1.36-1.45) for motor vehicle accidents; 1.00, 1.03, 1.11, 1.24 (95% CI 1.20-1.29) for being struck by objects; 1.00. 0.99, 1.04, 1.12 (95% CI 1.00-1.25) for suicide; and 1.00, 1.03, 1.05, 1.12 (95% CI 1.09-1.15) for falls. In contrast, decreased injury risk with increased household income was seen for assaults (1.00, 0.83, 0.73, 0.67 [95% CI 0.63-0.72], by increasing quartiles). These trends by income did not differ markedly by race and gender. Whites generally had less risk of injuries, with the exception of assaults and motor vehicle accidents. Males had higher risk of injury than females, with the exception of falls and suicide attempts. Patterns of risk for race, age, and gender were consistent between 2001-2004 and 2010-2013. Conclusion For most non-fatal injuries, those with higher income had more risk of ED visits, although the opposite was true for assault. Hulland E , Chowdhury R , Sarnat S , Chang HH , Steenland K . Socioeconomic status and non-fatal adult injuries in selected Atlanta (Georgia USA) hospitals. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):403-413.
Ultimate Uplift Capacity Of Metal Piles In Sand

Ultimate uplift capacity of piles embedded in sand depends upon, among other factors, the friction angle developed at the soil-pile interface. The soil-pile interface friction angle depends on the properties of sand and the smoothness of the pile surface. The paper presents some laboratory model test results for the ultimate uplift capacity of an aluminum pile with a relatively smooth surface. Based on the laboratory results, the variation of the unit skin friction with embedment ratio has been calculated. Using the present as well as the existing model test results with piles having rough surfaces, the range of parameters required for estimation of the ultimate uplift capacity of piles in sand has been presented. INTRODUCTION Analysis of single and group piles subjected to compressive loading has received much attention in the past. Based on the existing studies, design and construction of piles with compressive loading can now be accomplished with a relatively greater confidence. However, in many offshore construction works, piles are designed for both compressive and tensile loading. In many situations, the tensile loading may become critical for design. At present, relatively few studies have been documented in the literature directed toward the estimation of the ultimate uplift capacity of piles embedded in sandy and/or clayey soils. This paper relates to the resistance to axial uplifting load of straight shafted vertical metal piles in sand. REVIEW OF EXISTING STUDIES The ultimate uplift capacity of a pile (Fig. 1) may be expressed as:
Pain in the Neuromuscular Disease Rehabilitation Patient

Disorders of the neuromuscular system include motor neuron diseases, radiculopathies, plexopathies, entrapment neuropathies, peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders, and myopathies. These diseases may cause a variety of pain disorders, ranging from neuropathic pain to secondary musculoskeletal disorders from weakness and muscular imbalance. This chapter provides an overview of pain symptoms associated with the more common neuromuscular disorders and their treatments, including analgesics, rehabilitative treatments, and/or interventional procedures.
MODELLING URBAN COASTAL FLOODING THROUGH 2-D ARRAY OF BUILDINGS USING SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS

A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to investigate the flood characteristics occurring in an idealized city with two different building layouts: aligned layout and 22.5o skewed layout with respect to the direction of the incoming flow. The model results show that the water elevation is higher for the skewed city layout than that for the aligned city layout. The force due to the flood impact on the majority of buildings tend to be higher for the former than that for the latter. The complex flow features including a hydraulic jump during the flooding event are well captured by the SPH model.
Structure and function of aconitase enzyme in TCA by estimating optical rotation of glucose and determining the relationship between cell density and absorbance

Enzyme aconitase have a great value in TCA path, this enzyme use to convert pyruvate and acetyl co A in to citrate and cis aconitase ( a six carbon molecule). This study was designed to find the tertiary structure of aconitase with and without ligand by using RSBC. The TCA cycle start with the pyruvate that is end product of glycolysis cycle. This study also focused on the optical rotation of glucose molecule before its breakdown start naturally through glycolysis and absorbance / transmittance of viable cells would be estimated .
Endovascular repair of blunt thoracic aortic injury

Abstract Traumatic thoracic aortic injuries are rare in the pediatric population. Most patients sustaining this injury do not survive and succumb at the scene. Associated injuries can complicate the management of the aortic injury. Aortic injuries have traditionally been treated by open repair. In the adult population, endovascular stenting has become the management of choice. The pediatric literature has isolated reports of the use of endovascular stenting in the repair of aortic injuries. We report an 11 year old female with multiple injuries and a grade III thoracic rupture with a pseudoaneurysm successfully managed with endovascular stenting.
Financial Objectives of Small Firms

Goals perceived by business managers in practice may differ from those postulated in finance theory. Such a divergence between practice and theory is found in a perceptual survey of small-business ...
The Case for Ends Paternalism: Extending Le Grand and New’s Framework for Justification of Government Paternalism?

The Case for Ends Paternalism: Extending Le Grand and New’s Framework for Justification of Government Paternalism
Modelo computacional para visualizar desplazamientos atómicos en cascada de materiales sometidos a radiación ionizante

The purpose of this article is present a simplified model to visualize the displacement cascade process in the atoms of a material. This achievement can be accomplished through a computational modeling method, this method will use a computational implementation of a Lennard-Jones function and the motion equations solution through a Verlet Algorithm. As a result of the developed code, the amount of atoms displaced can be calculated from its initial position.
Alfred Schutz: Reciprocity, Alterity, and Participative Citizenry

Alfred Schutz was born in Vienna in 1899 to Alfred and Johanna Schutz, and when Schutz’s father died before his birth, Johanna married Otto Schutz, his father’s brother. Schutz maintained very close relationships with both his parents throughout his life. He attended the Esterhazy Gymnasium in Vienna, and with the outbreak of World War I, served with the Austrian artillery divisions. Upon returning to a dispirited Vienna, he studied law and the social sciences at the University of Vienna and business at the Viennese Academy of International Trade, graduating with his law degree in 1921. He did postgraduate research in international law, sociology, economics, and philosophy under Hans Kelsen and Ludwig von Mises. In Mises’s seminar, Schutz formed lifetime friendships with Friedrich Hayek, Felix Kaufmann, Fritz Machlup, and Eric Voegelin.
Aggressive Monetary Policy and Inflation Persistence: An Adaptive Learning Approach

We investigate the effectiveness of an aggressive anti-inflation monetary policy on the ability of agents to achieve rational expectations equilibrium (REE) forecasts of inflation. An aggressive anti-inflation policy includes a willingness to respond more forcefully to deviations from an inflation target. Using an adaptive learning framework, we develop a model that uses a real contracting rigidity in conjunction with an interest rate rule and an IS curve. The model equilibrium indicates that only an aggressive anti-inflation policy enables agents to learn the REE inflation forecast. The model also shows that inflation persistence (volatility) has a negative relation with policy aggressiveness. Empirical tests confirm this negative relation but these tests also indicate there is a lag between aggressive policy shifts and effective changes in inflation persistence (volatility).