cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enterization of the dural patch

Experimental neogut production was achieved in dogs. After 90% enterectomy, an artificial opening on the antimesenteric border of the intestinal remnant was patched with lyophilized human dura. The internal surface of the patch was completely covered by neomucosa within 8 weeks. Histological and morphometric studies showed that the structure of the newly formed mucosa was similar to that of the neighboring mucosa. The submucosal tunica muscularis started regenerating after the 14th week post-patching. Enterization of the dural patch contributes positively to the management of small bowel syndrome (SBS), as evidenced by an increase in body weight. This increase is highly significant statistically (P < 0.001) in the animals with dural patch as compared to control animals. The slower transit time of intestinal contents after patching and the compensatory adaptive processes also result in increasing body weight.
A Bootstrap Procedure for Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indices of Structural Equation and Confirmatory Factor Models:

The authors propose a bootstrap procedure for evaluating the goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation and confirmatory factor models. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to obtain a bootstra...
The Influence of Controlled and Uncontrolled Crystal Orientation on Creep Life of Nickel Based Single Crystal DD3 Turbine Blade

Nickel based single crystal has been widely used for turbine blades in aero-engines due to the excellent high-temperature creep and fatigue properties. However, in most casting process, only one crystallographic orientation of turbine blade is controlled, other two orientations are left random. Based on orthotropic elasticity three-dimensional finite element calculation and crystallographic theory, the influence of controlled and uncontrolled orientation on elastic stress state and creep life of single crystal DD3 has been investigated. Comprehensive analyses reveal that controlled orientation and uncontrolled orientation have profound influence on single crystal DD3 mechanical behavior and creep life of blade. Single crystal blade has the potential to increase creep life by controlling blade′s crystallographic orientation without adding weight.
Image denoising with combination of wavelet transform and median filtering

To keep the edge information of the original image during filtering noises of the image,the wavelet transformation combining with the median filtering was employed to process images containing complex noises.The original image containing complex noises was firstly divided by wavelet,and then its sub-images with different frequencies were processed by median filtering with different thresholds(soft and hard threshold).This method maintained the edge information and de-noised the noises of the image at the same time.The experiment proves that its result is better than that of applying wavelet transformation or median filtering only.This algorithm has been applied to process two-dimensional seismic images formed by coherent slice data,and improves the efficiency of the seismic interpretation.
Depressed function of isolated hearts from hyperdynamic septic rats

The aim of this study was to determine if hearts removed from rats in sustained hypermetabolic sepsis possessed normal physiological reserves as defined by Frank-Starling curves. The resting cardiac output of these hearts is elevated in vivo and this is mediated by an increased heart rate. In this study mechanical function was assessed under in vitro conditions in which preload could be varied and controlled. Isolated perfused working hearts from septic animals showed depressed cardiac performance, both in terms of peak systolic pressure development and cardiac output, over a range of left atrial filling pressures. In spite of this depressed function, most hearts from septic animals were able to recover cardiac output and pressure development following an acute ischemic episode. Thus, a loss of myocardial reserve is demonstrable in hearts isolated from septic rats, even though mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and coronary blood flow are well maintained in vivo. This dysfunction is primarily evidenced by an inability to respond appropriately to increased preloads.
Abstract IA06: Disregulation of lncRNAs helps drive Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis

Pediatric sarcomas are orphan diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality in children, adolescents and young adults. Among the most intriguing pediatric sarcomas is Ewing sarcoma. The (11;22)(q24;q12) translocation, which leads to expression of EWS/FLI, is identified in 85% of Ewing sarcoma cases. Ewing sarcoma cells carrying this translocation have a strict dependency on its expression, suggesting that the translocation is a critical oncogenic event in this disease. Despite intensive investigation, the mechanisms through which EWS/FLI leads to oncogenesis are incompletely understood. Recent data indicates that two distinct mechanisms are involved. In one, EWS/FLI leads to gene activation by acting as a pioneer transcription factor at novel enhancers. In another, EWS/FLI forces the removal of ets binding factors from their established binding sites and acts as a transcriptional repressor. How these two diverse functions are orchestrated at a molecular level remains unclear. Given the widespread transcription of long non-coding RNAs and their emerging role in gene regulation, they are strong candidates for participation in the complex genetic rewiring program induced by EWS/FLI. We recently described the first lncRNA clearly regulated by EWS/FLI, (EWS-associated transcript 1, EWSAT1). Expression of EWS/FLI drives upregulation of EWSAT1 most likely by direct transcriptional regulation. EWSAT1 in turn plays a critical role in EWS/FLI-mediated gene repression, at least in part by interacting with the RNA binding protein hnRNPK. RNAseq analysis indicates that EWS/FLI regulates the expression of a large number of other lncRNAs in addition to EWSAT1. We have identified lnc659 (EWSAT2) as a second Ewing sarcoma-related transcript with functional relevance to Ewing pathogenesis. EWSAT2 is upregulated by expression of EWS/FLI and knock-down of EWSAT2 strongly decreases the proliferation of Ewing sarcoma cell lines in vitro and the oncogenicity of cell lines and patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Ongoing studies are directed at identifying the molecular mechanism of action of EWSAT1 and EWSAT2 as well as other lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. Disregulation of lncRNAs helps drive Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06.
Extended therapeutic window of a novel peptide inhibitor of TRPM2 channels following focal cerebral ischemia.

Introduction TRPM2 channels have been suggested to play a role in ischemic neuronal injury, specifically in males. A major hindrance to TRPM2 research has been the lack of specific TRPM2 inhibitors. The current study characterized the specificity and neuroprotective efficacy of a novel TRPM2 inhibitor.
Mechanically-induced reverse phase transformation of MoS2 from stable 2H to metastable 1T and its memristive behavior

The 1T phase of MoS2 is attracting much attention due to its metallic property and potential applications for supercapacitors, photothermal agents, and memristors. However, because the 1T phase is metastable, it can easily be transferred to the stable 2H phase by heating. In this work, it is the first time we observe the mechanically-induced reverse phase transformation (from stable 2H to metastable 1T) for MoS2 by HAADF-STEM images. Furthermore, XPS revealed that the content of the 1T phase increased with increasing mechanical ball-milling time. Furthermore, the mechanically generated 1T MoS2 exhibited memristive behavior.
Complications in using the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) in children

Abstract Purpose This report describes complications using the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) for thoracic insufficiency syndrome (TIS) at a single center. Methods This is a prospective cohort evaluating 65 patients with rib–rib and rib–spine VEPTR devices for TIS placed between 10/2001 and 11/2014, for children with spinal or chest wall deformity. Patients were classified using the early onset scoliosis classification system (C-EOS). Results 65 patients are available for follow up. 23 congenital scoliosis, 12 neuromuscular, 14 syndromic, 2 idiopathic and 14 not classifiable by the C-EOS system including 11 chest wall reconstructions. Average age at implantation was 6.9years (range 1.3–24.8) with average follow up 6.9years (range 0.4–14.8). 22 patients had 37 complications. Those classifiable by C-EOS had complications in the normo- and hyperkyphotic groups. Implant erosion and infection were most common. The majority of complications required one additional unplanned surgery for resolution. Two complications required abandonment of a growth-friendly strategy. Conclusions Use of VEPTR for TIS is associated with significant and frequent complications. C-EOS suggests that complications are more likely in those with normal or hyperkyphotic curves. Most complications are managed with one unplanned surgery. VEPTR is usually salvaged and abandonment of a growth-friendly strategy is unusual.
Spiritual Capital and Leadership in the World of Modern Commerce

In this essay we note the confluence of three things: the major features of modern commercial societies, the nature and role of spiritual capital as opposed to other kinds of capital, and the major characteristics of leadership. It is argued that spiritual leadership can be a significant contributor to modern commercial societies.
CHAPTER 15 – Steroid Receptors in the Ovary and Uterus

This chapter discusses the signaling pathways for progestins, androgens, and estrogens and the role of each in ovarian and uterine function in mammals. Receptor mediated actions of progestins, androgens, and estrogens are central to reproduction. These sex steroid receptors are part of the family of nuclear receptors (NR) that is ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom. The members of the NR family fulfill a plethora of functions and are integral to the development and maintenance of multiple physiological systems. Common to all members of the NR family is a modular structure of domains, each of which harbors an autonomous function that is critical to total receptor action. The sex steroid hormones are integrated into every aspect of mammalian reproductive physiology in both sexes, including sexual development, gametogenesis, hypothalamic–pituitary control of gonadal function, sexual and maternal behavior, pregnancy, and lactation. Disruption of the signaling pathways for any of the three gonadal steroids leads to reduced fecundity if not infertility due to aberrations in multiple organ systems.
P067 How different is gamma block in HLA matched (10/10) unrelated pairs detected by next generation sequencing (NGS)?

Aim At least four genomic blocks have been identified in the MHC. Gamma block includes the polymorphic Complement genes and is located between the genomic blocks that include the HLA-C/B and HLA-DRB/DQB genes. Matching for SNPs in the Gamma block has been shown to be important for donor selection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) to assist in the distinguishing HLA haplotype matched/HLA genotype matched donors from HLA haplotype mismatched/HLA genotype matched donors. Methods We have used a NGS method to sequence 4 PCR products spanning 12.4 kb of the C4 genes. The cohort comprised of 988 samples from HSCT patients transplanted at City of Hope (2006–2012) and their corresponding 10/10 HLA matched donors. HLA-DPB1 results are available on all pairs. The initial validation of the method was performed using family members for HLA matched siblings (n = 13). Results Only 40% of pairs were identical comparing 25 previously described SNP and one Indel, known to be linked to HLA haplotypes. Positions: 9881, 14563, 14831, 19588 and 20170 differ in more than 80 pairs (see Picture). Total of 300 polymorphic positions were characterized, and 73/300 were observed in more than 10 individuals, without correcting for copy-number variation. The statistical analysis to test the importance of matching polymorphisms in transplant outcomes is still in progress. Conclusion The high diversity observed within the C4 genes of the gamma block indicate that they can be used as informative markers for donor selection. Download : Download high-res image (182KB) Download : Download full-size image H. Hogan: Stock Shareholder; Company/Organization; Illumina. C. Wirtz: Stock Shareholder; Company/Organization; Illumina. D. Sayer: Stock Shareholder; Company/Organization; Illumina.
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Kingella kingae Disease

Kingella kingae has become increasingly recognized as an important pathogen in the pediatric population. Children between the ages of 6 and 48 months commonly carry the organism asymptomatically in their oropharynx, with colonization rates of roughly 10 % at any given time. Carriage is a prerequisite for invasive disease, and children between 6 and 48 months of age are also most likely to develop invasive disease, including osteoarticular infections (OAIs), bacteremia, and endocarditis. K. kingae OAIs tend to follow a relatively indolent course, reflecting an inflammatory response that is less robust than with other pathogens causing bone and joint infections such as Staphylococcus aureus. As a result, the symptoms of infection may be non-specific and the time to presentation may be delayed. Bacteremia is a key step in all forms of K. kingae invasive disease and may be the sole manifestation of disease (occult bacteremia). K. kingae endocarditis is often particularly severe in young children, associated with complications such as stroke and meningitis. This chapter describes the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of K. kingae invasive disease.
Wigner current for open quantum systems

We extend the Wigner current vector field (Wigner current) construct to single bosonic mode quantum systems interacting with an environment. In terms of the Wigner function quasiprobability density and associated Wigner current, the open system quantum dynamics can be concisely expressed as a continuity equation. Through the consideration of the harmonic oscillator and additively driven Duffing oscillator in the bistable regime as illustrative system examples, we show how the evolving Wigner current vector field on the system phase space yields useful geometric insights concerning how quantum states decohere away due to interactions with the environment, as well as how they may be stabilized through the counteracting effects of the system anharmonicity (i.e., nonlinearity).
Safety and Efficacy of Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma Extracranial Metastases.

Purpose Renal cell carcinoma is refractory to conventional radiation therapy but responds to higher doses per fraction. However, the dosimetric data and clinical factors affecting local control (LC) are largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SAbR) for extracranial renal cell carcinoma metastases. Methods and Materials We reviewed 175 metastatic lesions from 84 patients treated with SAbR between 2005 and 2015. LC and toxicity after SAbR were assessed with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. Predictors of local failure were analyzed with χ 2 , Kaplan-Meier, and log-rank tests. Results In most cases (74%), SAbR was delivered with total doses of 40 to 60 Gy, 30 to 54 Gy, and 20 to 40 Gy in 5 fractions, 3 fractions, and a single fraction, respectively. The median biologically effective dose (BED) using the universal survival model was 134.5 Gy. The 1-year LC rate after SAbR was 91.2% (95% confidence interval, 84.9%-95.0%; median follow-up, 16.7 months). Local failures were associated with prior radiation therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 10.49; P P =.0189), spinal location (HR, 5.36; P =.0041), previous systemic therapy status (0-1 vs >1; HR, 3.52; P =.0217), and BED P =.0254). Dose received by 99% of the target volume was the strongest dosimetric predictor for LC. Upon multivariate analysis, dose received by 99% of the target volume greater than BED of 98.7 Gy and systemic therapy status remained significant (HR, 0.12 and 3.64, with P =.0014 and P =.0472, respectively). Acute and late grade 3 toxicities attributed to SAbR were observed in 3 patients (1.7%) and 5 patients (2.9%), respectively. Conclusions SAbR demonstrated excellent LC of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a favorable safety profile when an adequate dose and coverage were applied. Multimodality treatment with surgery should be considered for reirradiation or vertebral metastasis. A higher radiation dose may be required in patients who received previous systemic therapies.
The use of alternative forms of graphical analysis (GA) to balance bias and precision in PET images

1286 Objectives GA is an efficient method for estimating total tissue distribution volume (β1) from PET uptake data. The original GA produces a negative bias in β1. Estimates of β1 using other GA forms have less bias but less precision. Bias can also be removed from GA with an instrumental variable (IV).We propose to use the estimates from four GA methods including IV to obtain a best estimate of β1. Methods Forms of GA used are (1) ∫Rdt9/R(t)=β1∫Cpdt9/R(t)+β2 (2) ∫Cpdt9/R(t)=(1/β1)∫Rdt9/R(t)-β2/β1 and (3) R(t)=-(β1/β2)∫Cpdt9+∫Rdt9/β2 (Ichise, 2003)(Cp and R are plasma and tissue radioactivity at time t). The IV solution of (1) in vector form is β=[∑ΦΘT]-1[∑ΦY]. ΘT=[∫Cpdt9/R(t),1], Y=∫Rdt9/R(t) and Φ is the IV. Choose Φ to be uncorrelated with error. Let Φ=[∫Cpdt9/TAC(t),1] where TAC is noise-free (ie global or reference region). Simulations used a 2 compartment model with K1, k2, k4.35.086, and.0475min-1 and k3 .075, .25, .42, .7 min-1 (β1 10.5, 25.5, 40, and 64 mL/cm3) with added Gaussian noise, N=1000 for each β1. Results The error term at time t (V(t)) for (1), (2) and (3) are related as V(t), V(t)/β1, and V(t)/β2 so that if |β2| > β1 the bias is least for (3) and if β1 > 1 the bias for (2) is less than for (1). Bias from simulations given as avg over N of ( β1EST - β1TRUE) for β1=40 (64) are -6.8 (-18.5), -1.7 (-2.2), 1.6 (2.4) and 1.3 (1.2) for Eqs (1), (2), (3) and IV. (Eq(3) produces more outliers > 100 for β1 = 64). Conclusions Noise contributes to bias error differently for (1), (2) and (3) so they provide somewhat different estimates for β1, with (1) generally an underestimation and (3) with a number of outliers. The IV method of estimating β1, also provides an estimate with little bias. By using the median value of these four methods we can decrease the bias compared to (1) and increase the precision compared to (3) by eliminating the low and high values. However since the distribution of values is broader compared to (1), some method of noise removal may be needed such as the principal component method proposed by Joshi et al (2008)
What's different about ultraviolet and infrared optics?

The design and fabrication of components comprising ultraviolet and infrared optical systems require the same general engineering considerations to be given. In actuality, a variety of significant differences exist in the magnitude of considerations for optical systems in these two spectral regions. Among these are the optical materials available for use, surface finish, mechanical and optical fabrication techniques, housing and mounting methods, alignment and test, and cost. This paper contrasts and compares the practical issues facing the designer, fabricator, and assembler dealing with optical systems for the ultraviolet and infrared spectrums.
Distal Humeral Fractures

Fractures of the distal humerus are overall rare fractures with a bimodal incidence in young (12–19) and old (80+) patients. Patients will complain of pain and swelling over the elbow with decreased range of motion. A detailed exam is compulsory as displaced fractures may endanger all neurovascular structures crossing the elbow. Imaging, including traction x-rays and CT, will distinguish amount of articular involvement. Treatment options will be based on patients’ individual demands and include open reduction internal fixation, total elbow replacement and nonoperative “bag of bones”. Isolated fractures of the capitellum are a particular challenge as fixation is balanced against disruption of blood supply. Complications of operative and nonoperative management include stiffness, nonunion, ulnar nerve palsy, heterotopic ossification, failure of fixation and infection.
Life cycle sustainability assessment of electricity generation in Pakistan: Policy regime for a sustainable energy mix

Abstract Electricity crisis has become a key issue in Pakistan mainly due to a tenacious and spreading gap between demand and supply. Moreover, the current production is causing severe environmental and energy security issues due to reliance on thermal sources. Stakeholders are hindered to address these issues due to a significant knowledge gap causing discrepancies in power policies. A comprehensive approach over the sustainability dimensions is missing due to non-adoption of life cycle thinking. This study adopts an integrated approach of life cycle sustainability assessment of the electricity sector in Pakistan for proposing policy guidelines and implementation framework to optimize the future energy mixes. In total, 20 sustainability indicators have been assessed covering life cycle of seven electricity generation sources, currently in use. These sources have been ranked by equally weighting the sustainability dimensions and respective indicators. Hydropower is found as the most sustainable option having lowest environmental and economic impacts. While due to worst economic and social impacts, oil is found to be the least sustainable option for the country. While establishing tradeoffs between different electricity generation sources, this study presents an unbiased view and highlights the worth of life cycle approach in sustainability assessment for improving the energy policies.
A Role for Hydrocortisone Therapy in Septic Shock

One of the first double-blind, multicenter trials of hydrocortisone in the management of severe infections involved 194 patients and was reported in 1963.1 The authors noted that “the role of adren...
Initial clinical test of a breast PET scanner

470 Objectives The goal of this initial clinical study was to test a new positron emission/tomography imager and biopsy system (PEM/PET) in a small group of selected patients to determine if the promising, previously measured basic imaging characteristics of the system translates to good clinical imaging capabilities. Methods The PEM/PET system consists of two pairs of rotating PET detectors located beneath a patient table. The scanner has a spatial resolution of ~2mm in all three dimensions. The subjects consisted of five patients diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer ranging in age from 40 to 55 years old scheduled for pre-treatment, conventional whole body PET imaging with F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Patients were injected with 10mCi of FDG one hour prior to whole body PET scanning. Following this scan, PEM/PET imaging was performed (3min total scan time), ~2hr after injection. The primary lesions in all of these patients were at least 2cm in diameter. Informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to their participation. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board for the protection of human subjects (IRB) at our institution. Results Images from the PEM/PET system demonstrated that the PEM/PET system is capable of identifying some lesions not visible in standard mammograms. Furthermore, while the relatively large lesions imaged in this study where all visualized by a standard whole body PET/CT scanner, detailed morphology of the tumor, such as infiltration of ducts, were better defined with the PEM/PET system. Additionally, potentially clinically relevant occult areas of increased FDG uptake were also seen in the PEM/PET images. Conclusions The initial testing of the new PEM/PET system yielded promising results. Specifically, fine features of breasts lesions and small areas of FDG-avid cells were detected, leading the way for future, more extensive clinical testing. Research Support This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute (Grant Number R01 CA094196)
Abstract 010: Dual Loss of RGS2 and 5 Exacerbates the Progression of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice Chronically Treated With Isoproterenol

This study determined the effect of chronic isoproterenol (ISO) treatment on cardiac structure and function in male mice without or with dual loss of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) 2 and 5....
Waves in Unbounded Regions

This chapter is on waves in regions unbounded in at least one direction. These waves can be propagating or stationary waves. They are nontrivial solutions of homogeneous differential equations and boundary conditions. Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, and 4.13 are on antiplane problems of polarized ceramics for which the notation in Sect. 2.9 is followed.
Formulation and characterization of a continuous crystal lattice orientation finite element method (LOFEM) and its application to dislocation fields

Abstract Since the 1950s, a large body of work has been published on connecting the curvature of a crystal lattice to geometrically necessary dislocations densities of a crystal lattice. Studying dislocation transmission through grains and across their boundaries requires the lattice curvature to be preserved. However, traditional crystal plasticity models and their numerical implementations do not formally preserve lattice curvature. In this paper, a continuous crystal lattice orientation finite element method (LOFEM) is proposed to rectify this impediment to the inclusion of dislocation-based constitutive models. The methodology is first presented, and then it is demonstrated for tension and compression deformations of a copper polycrystal. It is shown that under the same deformation histories, the lattice continuity constraint alters the evolving state in comparison to the traditional approach, including retarding the rate at which the crystallographic texture strengthens under monotonic deformation. Taking advantage of the finite element representation of the lattice orientation, the Nye tensor is computed on lattices misoriented by deformation and is subsequently used to compute evolving dislocation density distributions.
Principle‐Based Integrative Therapy with Couples: Theory and a Case Example

The Principle-Based Integrative Therapy (PBIT) framework harnesses the principles of change underlying each theoretical model within integrative couple therapy treatments. PBIT has commonalities with other integrative approaches, and additional advantages stemming from its four tenets that guide therapists in combining strengths across models and overcoming each of their deficiencies. Tenet 1 advises that each model adds a core principle or mechanism of action that other models do not automatically address. Tenet 2 focuses on how techniques of one model may actualize the principles of other models. Tenet 3 ensures complementarity and a lack of conflict across principles. A case study and common case considerations are presented to illustrate how Tenets 1-3 can work in integrating Cognitive-Behavioral, Multicultural, and Emotionally Focused Therapy models in working with a couple. Finally, Tenet 4 advocates for the use of models and empirically supported principles that also have received empirical support with diverse populations. Prerequisites and training implications for PBIT, and future clinical and research directions to further the utility of PBIT are discussed.
Training Temporary Reference Staff for Maximized Learning: A Case Study

Abstract This paper will discuss the 2018 redesign of the University of Michigan Library's Ask a Librarian reference service. The library's tiered reference model relies heavily on the support of graduate student and part-time staff — a temporary workforce that is expectably vulnerable to high turnover. As such, a training program must consider the vast knowledge required of staff to prepare them for providing reference service, provide ongoing support/training, and be sensitive to the constraints, responsibilities, and roles of these employees, who are often first and foremost, full-time students and/or individuals working multiple jobs. The training redesign focused on the creation of an interactive, online learning component that could also provide a knowledge base of support for staff to continually refer to, while engaged learning activities were emphasized during limited in-person training sessions to reinforce training and offer opportunities to build camaraderie between new staff and their fellow colleagues.
Resistant hypertension and cardiovascular disease mortality in the US: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is a common condition associated with risk of cardiovascular events. However, the risk of cardiovascular mortality associated with aTRH in the US population is unknown. We aimed to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality associated with aTRH in the US population. We analyzed data from 6357 adult hypertensive participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994 and 1999–2010) linked to the National Death Index. Based on presence of uncontrolled hypertension [blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mmHg] and the number of antihypertensives prescribed, we classified participants into the following groups: non-aTRH (BP < 140/90 mmHg and ≤ 3 antihypertensives); controlled aTRH (BP < 140/90 mmHg and ≥ 4 antihypertensives); and uncontrolled aTRH (BP ≥140/90 mmHg and ≥ 3 antihypertensives). Of the 6357 participants, 1522 had aTRH, representing a US prevalence of 7.6 million. Of the participants with aTRH, 432 had controlled aTRH and 1090 had uncontrolled aTRH. During follow-up (median 6 years), there were 550 CVD deaths. The cumulative incidence of CVD mortality was significantly higher in the aTRH group compared with non-aTRH group (log-rank p < 0.001). In fully adjusted models, aTRH was associated with a 47% higher risk of CVD mortality compared with the non-aTRH group [1.47 (1.1–1.96)]. Similar increase in risk of CVD mortality was noted across aTRH subgroups compared with the non-aTRH group: controlled aTRH [1.66 (1.03–2.68)] and uncontrolled aTRH [1.43 (1.05–1.94)]. Among non-aTRH subgroups, those on 3 antihypertensive medications had a 35% increased risk of CVD mortality than those on < 3 medications [1.35 (0.98–1.86)]. aTRH is a common condition, affecting approximately 7.6 million Americans. Regardless of BP control, people with aTRH remain at a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes. The risk of cardiovascular disease mortality remains high among those with controlled BP on 3 medications (non-aTRH) or ≥ 4 medications (controlled aTRH), groups not generally considered at high risk. Future risk reduction interventions should consider focusing on these high-risk groups.
Market Reactions to a High-Quality Auditor and Managerial Preference for Audit Quality

SUMMARY We insert an automated high-quality (HQ) auditor into established experimental audit markets to test the impact of high-quality competition on other auditors' supply of and managers' demand...
Chapter Eleven Being as Communion: On the Ontology of Love in the Byzantine Tradition

Many are familiar with C. S. Lewis’ discussion of “the four loves” in his book of the same name. This article pursues the philosophical presuppositions of agapē (Greek) or caritas (Latin), which Christian ages understood as love in the most important sense. Agapē is contrasted with Platonic erōs and Aristotelean philia, and argued to presuppose the Trinitarian understanding of personhood, originally named by the Greek prosōpon, a nonemprical and un-grounded “facing.” The relation between prosōpon and agapē is discussed here with reference to the writings of the Russian philosopher Pavel Florensky and the Greek theologian John Zizioulis, as well as the great Holy Trinity icon of the fifteenth century iconographer Andrei Rublev.
Intravascular Molecular Imaging to Detect High-Risk Vulnerable Plaques: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

To describe vulnerable plaque pathobiology and summarize potential targets for molecular imaging with a focus on intravascular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and its translatable applications. Structural imaging alone is unable to precisely identify high-risk plaques in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Intravascular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is an emerging translational approach that can image specific in vivo molecular processes and cells that characterize vulnerable plaques. High-priority NIRF targets imaged by intravascular NIRF imaging thus far include macrophages, cathepsin protease activity, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and abnormal endothelial permeability. The newest generation of NIRF catheters is multimodal in nature and combines NIRF with either IVUS or OCT, providing simultaneous co-registered morphological and pathobiological assessment of atherosclerotic plaques. While most intravascular NIRF studies have been performed in a preclinical environment, a first-in-human NIR autofluorescence-OCT trial has recently been performed. These developments suggest that clinical intravascular NIRF molecular imaging will be available within the next 3 years. Molecular imaging is a powerful approach to enhance our understanding of atherosclerosis pathophysiology. Intravascular NIRF/OCT and NIRF/IVUS molecular imaging is nearing its use in atherosclerosis patients and will initially leverage indocyanine green (ICG) as an FDA-approved NIRF agent that reports on abnormal plaque permeability. Clinical trials are needed to assess the value of intravascular NIRF imaging using ICG as well as other novel NIRF imaging agents to better understand vulnerable plaque pathobiology, event prediction, and to enable personalized pharmacotherapy of high-risk plaques and patients.
Public Penitence: Facebook and the Performance of Apology:

This article explores the 2018 apology campaign launched by Facebook in the wake of the Cambridge Analytica scandal. While the campaign has largely been read as a failure, this article reads the fi...
Inhibitory and Transport Mechanisms of the Human Cation-Chloride Cotransport KCC1

Summary Secondary active cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) catalyze electroneutral symport of Cl− with Na+ and/or K+ across membranes1,2. CCCs are fundamental in cell volume homeostasis, transepithelia ion movement, maintenance of intracellular Cl− concentration, and inhibitory synaptic transmission3–6. K+-Cl− cotransport 1 (KCC1) was first characterized in red blood cells and later in many other cell types as a crucial player in regulatory volume decrease in defense against cell swelling upon hypotonic challenges7,8. Here we present two cryo-EM structures of human KCC1: one captured in an inward-open state and another arrested in an outward-open state by a small molecule inhibitor. KCC1 can surprisingly adopt two distinct dimeric architectures via homotypic association of different protein domains and conversion between these two forms of dimers may entail dynamic formation and rupture of two interdigitating regulatory cytoplasmic domains. The inhibitor wedges into and forces open an extracellular ion permeation path and arrests KCC1 in an outward-open conformation. Concomitantly, the outward-open conformation involves inward movement of the transmembrane helix 8 and occlusion of the intracellular exit by a conserved short helix within the intracellular loop 1. Our structures provide a blueprint for understanding the mechanisms of CCC transporters and their inhibition by small molecule compounds.
Home, Away from Home: Violence, Womanhood and Home/Land in Jahnavi Barua’s Fiction

This paper is a gendered analysis of structures and cultures of violence that characterize both public political and private domestic spaces in Northeast India, one of the most sustained conflict z...
Communicating Tobacco Product Information to the Public

The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA) requires tobacco companies to disclose information about the harmful chemicals in their products to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The law requires FDA, in turn, to communicate this information to the public “in a format that is understandable and not misleading to a lay person.” But how should FDA comply with this requirement? What does it mean for information about complex chemicals to be “understandable and not misleading to a lay person”? These questions are not easy ones to answer. Disclosures about the amount of harmful chemicals (constituents) in different tobacco products may help to inform consumers, but may also conversely prompt consumers to reach incorrect or unsupported conclusions about products’ relative health risks. This paper first analyzes FDA’s legal obligation to publish tobacco constituent information so that it is “understandable and not misleading to a layperson.” Second, it discusses how that legal analysis has guided scientific research examining how members of the public interpret messages regarding tobacco constituents. Lastly, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for FDA as it considers how to comply with the law’s constituent disclosure requirement while still furthering its overall objective of promoting public health.
SL(2,Bbb Z) Multiplets in Script N = 4 SYM Theory

We discuss the action of SL(2,) on local operators in D = 4, = 4 SYM theory in the superconformal phase. The modular property of the operator's scaling dimension determines whether the operator transforms as a singlet, or covariantly, as part of a finite or infinite dimensional multiplet under the SL(2,) action. As an example, we argue that operators in the Konishi multiplet transform as part of a (p,q) PSL(2,) multiplet. We also comment on the non-perturbative local operators dual to the Konishi multiplet.
“They See Sex as Something That’s Reproductive and Not as Something People Do for Fun”: Shortcomings in Adolescent Girls’ Sexual Socialization from Adults:

Theorists suggest that adolescent girls’ sexual socialization can influence sexual risk reduction and positive sexuality development, although adolescent girls’ positive sexuality development is un...
Mechanistic verification of empirical UO2 fuel fracture models

Abstract Standard UO2 fuel pellets used in light-water reactors fracture during irradiation due to the large thermal gradient in the radial direction. Over the decades, numerous researchers have explored fuel cracking from experimental and modeling points of view. To date, there have been both empirical and mechanistic approaches to predict the number of fragments that form in UO2. The empirical models only consider maximum power and burnup as inputs. Existing mechanistic approaches for normal operation have not accounted for irradiation effects. This work employs a mechanistic fuel cracking model using the extended finite element method to explore radial crack formation while including a sensitivity analysis that accounts for the randomization of tensile strength within the fuel, the strength randomization criteria (uniform or volume-weighted Weibull), power ramping rates, computational mesh density, maximum power level, and irradiation (burnup) effects. The results indicate that the uncertainty in this mechanistic modeling approach envelopes the predicted values from three different empirical correlations in almost all cases. This means that, for computationally intensive analyses involving UO2 fragmentation, the empirical correlations can be used. However, since the mechanistic calculations bound those of the empirical correlations, there is confidence in the applicability of the mechanistic approach developed in this work to generate a correlation for fuel types where limited data exists (e.g., doped-UO2, U3Si2).
Adaptive 3D descattering with a dynamic synthesis network

3D particle-localization using in-line holography is a fundamental problem with important applications. It involves estimating the unknown positions of scatterers in a 3D volume from a single 2D hologram. We propose a deep learning based framework that is highly computationally efficient for large-scale 3D reconstructio and demonstrates accurate results for a wide variety of scattering scenarios. The proposed approach incorporates physical scattering information into the result via 3D backpropagation of the hologram, followed by artifact removal with an end-to-end 3D deep neural network (DNN). To address the challenge of limited data availability, we train our DNN solely on simulated data, and show that it works accurately for experimental data as well. The results show that our DNN is able to accurately localize particles under various scattering scenarios with little computational overhead.
Childhood Experiences and Attitudes toward Corporal Punishment: The Mediating Role of Perceived Efficacy of Alternative Discipline Strategies among Low-income Black, Hispanic, and White Parents.

Corporal punishment (CP) is associated with harmful outcomes to child development. Favorable attitudes toward CP are a major predictor of CP use. Thus, identifying and changing factors influencing ...
Quality evaluation of infectious disease network report system in Tongxiang City.

Objective To understand the situation of direct network report on infectious disease,and to provide scientific basis for decision making.Methods Investigation into infectious disease cases was performed and timeliness of case report,time of verification and accuracy of report were evaluated according to Management System of Disease Control Information Report(2004-2007).Results 20 238 infectious disease cases were reported during four years in Tongxiang with the average reporting timeliness rate of 88.41%,verifying time of 1.75 hours,timely verifying rate of 99.84%,leaky repert rate of 1.64%(3.21% in community hospitals and 0.40% in city hospitals(P0.01).Time of reporting and verification had been decreasing by year.Conclusion Network report quality of infectious diseases in Tongxiang City has been improved gradually though it still requires being promoted.It is advised to strengthen the administrative system,reinforce training and increase capital investment to insure an efficient,consistant and sustainable development of the city epidemic report system.
"You’re Not the Same Kind of Human Being": The Evolution of Pity to Horror in Daniel Keyes' Flowers for Algernon

Key words: mental disability, Daniel Keyes, Flowers for Algernon, pity, narrative theory Of American novels that engage with the topic of mental disability, few are more popular than Daniel Keyes' Flowers for Algernon . Such popularity seems based on a simplistic reading of the novel where the mentally disabled are objects of good-natured compassion. A more thorough reading of how Charlie Gordon is presented, however, leads to the conclusion that mental disability is the embodiment of death in the novel. Readers are first taught to pity the pre-operative Charlie, but once they come to respond to the ethical voice of the post-operative Charlie, his regression to his original state becomes the rhetorical villain in the novel. At first an object of pity, the mentally disabled Charlie Gordon eventually becomes the metaphorical horror of oblivion that no character has the power to overcome.
Application of a Multivariable Self-Tuning Controller to a Power Plant Boiler

A multivariable self-tuning controller is applied to a power plant boiler for control of three outputs using three input variables. It is assumed that at a constant load, the relation between the selected inputs and the outputs can be closely approximated by a linear autoregressive (AR) model. The order of the autoregressive model and the time delay in the system are identified off-line. The results are used to design the multivariable self-tuning controller. Under this adaptive controller, some of the controlled outputs show relatively large deviations from their set points during transient conditions. These deviations can be greatly reduced if the parameter estimator of the self-tuning controller closely tracks the relatively fast changing parameters of the system, or if a gain scheduling is used with the self-tuning controller. Also, in the case of self-tuning control/gain scheduling, increasing the frequency of the control calculations does not result in further improvement.
Opening the queen's closet: Henrietta Maria, Elizabeth Cromwell, and the politics of cookery.

The essay shows how two royalist recipe books — The Queens Closet Opened (1655) and The Court & Kitchin of Elizabeth (1664) — fashioned Henrietta Maria (1609–69) and Elizabeth Cromwell (1598–1665) as very different housewives to the English nation. By portraying the much-disliked French Catholic Henrietta Maria as engaged in English domestic practices, The Queens Closet Opened implicitly responded to the scandalous private revelations of The Kings Cabinet Opened (1645); while, in contrast, the satiric cookery book attributed to Elizabeth Cromwell stigmatized her as both a country bumpkin and a foreigner. Yet the cookery books also had unintended republicanizing effects, as consumers appropriated the contents of the queen’s closet for their own cabinets and kitchens.
Ultrasound guided drainage of an esophageal duplication cyst in a newborn in respiratory distress

Newborns with chest masses may present with respiratory distress in the perinatal period. We present the case of a term male infant with a cystic right upper chest mass born in respiratory distress at 39 4/7 weeks gestation who underwent ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage of the mass. The patient responded well to the percutaneous drainage and two days later the mass was surgically excised. Final pathology revealed an esophageal duplication cyst. This report describes a unique management of a patient with a congenital cystic chest mass presenting in respiratory distress.
The Future of Artificial Satellite Theories

Since the time of Newton, astrodynamics has focused on the analytical solution of orbital problems. This was driven by the desire to obtain a theoretical understanding of the motion and the practical desire to be able to produce a computational result. Only with the advent of the computer did numerical integration become a practical consideration for solving dynamical problems. Although computer technology is not yet to the point of being able to provide numerical integration support for all satellite orbits, we are in a transition period which is being driven by the unprecedented increase in computational power. This transition will affect the future of analytical, semi-analytical and numerical artificial satellite theories in a dramatic way. In fact, the role for semi-analytical theories may disappear. During the time of transition, a central site may have the capacity to maintain the orbits using numerical integration, but the user may not have such a capacity or may need results in a more timely manner. One way to provide for this transition need is through the use of some type of satellite ephemeris compression. Through the combined use of a power series and a Fourier series, good quality ephemeris compression has been achieved for 7 day periods. The ephemeris compression requires less than 40 terms and is valid for all eccentricities and inclinations.