cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of dispersive bi-atomic crystals

ABSTRACT Understanding thermoelastic martensitic transformations is a fundamental component in the study of shapememory alloys. These transformations involve a hysteretic change in stability of the crystal lattice between anaustenite (high symmetry) phase and a martensite (low symmetry) phase within a small temperature range. Inprevious work, a continuum energy density W (U ; ) (as a function of the right stretch tensor U and temperature ) for a perfect bi-atomic crystal was derived based on tem perature-dependent atomic pair-potentials. For thismodel, only high symmetry cubic congurations were found to be stable (local energy minimizers).The present work derives an energy density W (U ,P (1) ,P (2) ,...; ) that explicitly accounts for a set ofinternal atomic shifts P (i). In addition, the model permits the calculation of the crystals dispersion relationswhich determine the stability of the crystal with respect to bounded perturbations of all wavelengths (Bloch-waves). Using a specic model of a bi-atomic crystal with the temperature serving as the loading parameter,a stress-free bifurcation diagram is generated. Stable equilibrium branches corresponding to the B 2 (cubic)and B 19 (orthorhombic) crystal structures are found to exist and overlap for certain temperatures. The group-subgroup relationship between these two crystal struc tures is necessary for the shap e memory eect. Thus, ourresults are consistent with the transformations that occur in shape memory alloys such as AuCd and NiTi.Keywords: martensitic transformation, stability and bifurcation, multilattice, atomic shifts, dispersion rela-tions, Bloch-wave.
Lithium doping of candidate fusion reactor alloys to simulate simultaneous helium and damage production

Abstract Lithium and boron doping techniques are possibilities for simulating simultaneous helium production and displacement damage in bulk specimens of non-nickel bearing materials in fast fission reactors. Rapid solidification processing and powder metallurgy salt decomposition were investigated for the preparation of lithium doped alloys. For convenience, austenitic stainless steel was doped rather than non-nickel bearing alloys for which this technique is ultimately designed. Neutron autoradiography verified a uniform distribution of lithium in the alloy. Although the same approach can be used to dope alloys uniformly with a stable boron compound, thus reducing the problem of grain boundary segregation and coarsening, the use of lithium doping should be an advantage because this dopant produces only helium and hydrogen when irradiated in a fast fission reactor. These elements are also produced in materials in the CTR environment.
Elastic scattering and fusion cross sections of ^(13)C+^(13)C

The ^(13)C+^(13)C total fusion cross section has been determined in the range 3.26⩽E_(c.m.)⩽8.0 MeV using Ge(Li) detector measurements of low-lying transitions in the residual nuclei and a statistical model calculation of excited state populations. The six most abundantly produced residual nuclei have been observed and their yields are given. To constrain the parameters in fusion models for these reactions, we have also taken elastic scattering data at θ_(c.m.)=60°, 70°, 80°, and 90° for 4.5⩽E_(c.m.)⩽8.5 MeV, as well as angular distributions at E_(c.m.)=7.0 and 8.0 MeV. The IWBC model and an optical model with a “shallow” potential have been used for parametrizing the nucleus-nucleus interaction.
Solid-solution solubilities and thermodynamics: Sulfates, carbonates and halides

This review updates and expands an earlier study (Glynn 1990), that is presently out of print. The principal objectives of this chapter are (1) to review the thermodynamic theory of solid-solution aqueous-solution interactions, particularly as it pertains to low-temperature systems (between 0 and 100°C), and (2) to summarize available data on the effects of ionic substitutions on the thermodynamic properties of binary sulfate solid-solutions. Selected carbonate and halide solid-solutions are also considered. Studies of solid-solution aqueous-solution (SSAS) systems commonly focus on measuring the partitioning of trace components between solid and aqueous phases. The effect of solid-solution formation on mineral solubilities in aqueous media is rarely investigated. Several studies, however, have examined the thermodynamics of SSAS systems, describing theoretical and experimental aspects of solid-solution dissolution and component-distribution reactions (Lippmann 1977, 1980; Thorstenson and Plummer 1977, Plummer and Busenberg 1987, Glynn and Reardon 1990, 1992; Glynn et al. 1990, 1992; Glynn 1991, 1992; Glynn and Parkhurst 1992, Konigsberger and Gamsjager 1991, 1992; Gamjager et al. 2000). The present chapter describes and compares some of the concepts presented by the above authors, and presents methods that can be used to estimate the effect of SSAS reactions on the chemical evolution of natural waters. Sulfate minerals are particularly well suited for the investigation of the thermodynamics of SSAS systems, because their generally high solubilities facilitate the attainment of thermodynamic equilibrium states and their commonly large crystal structures tend to allow considerable ionic substitution. Field or laboratory observations of miscibility gaps, spinodal gaps, critical mixing points, or distribution coefficients can be used to estimate solid-solution excess-free-energies, which are needed for the calculation of solid-solution solubilities and of potential component-partitioning behavior. Experimental measurements of the solubility and thermodynamic properties of solid solutions are …
An investigation of the flow-induced sound and vibration of viscoelastically supported rectangular plates: experiments and model verification

Experiments were performed in order to investigate the vibration response and the sound radiation of a viscoelastically supported, rectangular aluminum plate excited by turbulent flows. The primary goal of this investigation was to assess the influence of seal mechanical properties and geometries on the noise generated from side-glass windows in road vehicles. The modal properties of seal-supported plates were determined in the experiments. Measurements of surface wall pressure fields were performed using small-diameter condenser microphones. Two different types of turbulent flow excitation and two different types of sealing systems used as supports of the plate were investigated. The measured results were in good agreement with predictions from an analytical model described in previous publications. The study confirms the postulated mechanism for vibration energy dissipation at the boundary, the reduction in amplitude of the plate vibration at resonance, and the reduction of the associated radiated sound.
Size matters: gastric pouch size correlates with weight loss after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Over the past 20 years, there has been an ongoing discussion about the importance of gastric pouch size as a key factor influencing weight loss after bariatric surgery. This analysis aimed to determine the relationship between initial gastric pouch size and excess weight loss (EWL) after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Between August 2002 and March 2005, 320 LRYGB were performed at Yale New Haven Hospital. The patients’ demographics were entered into a longitudinal, prospective database. Upper gastrointestinal series were routinely performed on postoperative day 1. Pouch size was measured as area (cm2) on an anteroposterior radiograph at maximum pouch distention. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between pouch size and weight loss at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Adjustments were made for age, gender, and preoperative body mass index (BMI). The mean age of the patients was 41.2 years. Of the 320 study patients, 261 were women (81.6%) and 59 were men (18.4%). The mean preoperative BMI was 51.1 kg/m2; the mean 6-month EWL was 50.5%; the mean 12-month EWL was 62.5%; and the mean pouch size was 63.9 cm2. A statistically significant, negative correlation between pouch size and EWL was found at 6 months (β = –0.241; p < 0.01) and at 12 months (β = –0.302; p < 0.02). The findings show that male gender (β = 0.147; p < 0.04) and preoperative BMI (β = 0.190; p < 0.01) are positively correlated with pouch size. The analysis demonstrates that initial gastric pouch size is not the only significant component for successful weight loss after LRYGB. Male gender and increased preoperative BMI were identified as factors predicting pouch size. Efforts to standardize small pouch size for all patients seems important to the success of surgical therapy for morbid obesity.
Template your boilerplate: using template haskell for efficient generic programming

Generic programming allows the concise expression of algorithms that would otherwise require large amounts of handwritten code. A number of such systems have been developed over the years, but a common drawback of these systems is poor runtime performance relative to handwritten, non-generic code. Generic-programming systems vary significantly in this regard, but few consistently match the performance of handwritten code. This poses a dilemma for developers. Generic-programming systems offer concision but cost performance. Handwritten code offers performance but costs concision.This paper explores the use of Template Haskell to achieve the best of both worlds. It presents a generic-programming system for Haskell that provides both the concision of other generic-programming systems and the efficiency of handwritten code. Our system gives the programmer a high-level, generic-programming interface, but uses Template Haskell to generate efficient, non-generic code that outperforms existing generic-programming systems for Haskell.This paper presents the results of benchmarking our system against both handwritten code and several other generic-programming systems. In these benchmarks, our system matches the performance of handwritten code while other systems average anywhere from two to twenty times slower.
Covering rectilinear polygons by rectangles

Three approximation algorithms to cover a rectilinear polygon that is neither horizontally nor vertically convex by rectangles are developed. All three guarantee covers that have at most twice as many rectangles as in an optimal cover. One takes O(n log n) time, where n is the number of vertices in the rectilinear polygon. The other two take O(n/sup 2/) and O(n/sup 4/) time. Experimental results indicate that the algorithms with complexity O(n/sup 2/) and O(n/sup 4/) often obtain optimal or near-optimal covers. >
Emergence of Object-Selective Features in Unsupervised Feature Learning

Recent work in unsupervised feature learning has focused on the goal of discovering high-level features from unlabeled images. Much progress has been made in this direction, but in most cases it is still standard to use a large amount of labeled data in order to construct detectors sensitive to object classes or other complex patterns in the data. In this paper, we aim to test the hypothesis that unsupervised feature learning methods, provided with only unlabeled data, can learn high-level, invariant features that are sensitive to commonly-occurring objects. Though a handful of prior results suggest that this is possible when each object class accounts for a large fraction of the data (as in many labeled datasets), it is unclear whether something similar can be accomplished when dealing with completely unlabeled data. A major obstacle to this test, however, is scale: we cannot expect to succeed with small datasets or with small numbers of learned features. Here, we propose a large-scale feature learning system that enables us to carry out this experiment, learning 150,000 features from tens of millions of unlabeled images. Based on two scalable clustering algorithms (K-means and agglomerative clustering), we find that our simple system can discover features sensitive to a commonly occurring object class (human faces) and can also combine these into detectors invariant to significant global distortions like large translations and scale.
Growth of Enterococci in Unaltered, Unseeded Beach Sands Subjected to Tidal Wetting

Enterococci are indicator bacteria used to assess the risk of acquiring enteric disease from swimming in marine waters. Previous work identified beach sands as reservoirs of enterococci which can be transported from the sand to the sea, where they may instigate beach advisories. The present study establishes that naturally occurring enterococci can replicate in beach sands under environmentally relevant conditions. In unseeded, nonsterile microcosm experiments, it was shown that intermittent wetting of sands by seawater, like that which would occur at the high tide line, stimulates the transient replication of enterococci at rates of 0.20 to 0.63 per day (equivalent to doubling times of 1.1 to 3.5 days). Replication was not observed in control microcosms that were not subjected to wetting. Enterococci were enumerated using both culture-dependent (membrane filtration and mEI media) and culture-independent (quantitative PCR [QPCR], 23S rRNA gene based) techniques, which allowed tracking of both culturable and total enterococcus populations. Inhibition of QPCR and DNA extraction efficiencies were accounted for in the interpretation of the QPCR results. The results provide evidence that enterococci may not be an appropriate indicator of enteric disease risk at recreational beaches subject to nonpoint sources of pollution.
Modulation of endogenous opioid influence on luteinizing hormone secretion by progesterone and estrogen.

Studies were undertaken using the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (NAL) to evaluate the relative influence of endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) on LH secretion in cycling and ovariectomized, steroid-treated adult rats. Intact animals received NAL (2 mg/kg, sc) or saline (control vehicle) at 0800 and 1400 h on estrus, 0800 h on diestrus day 1,2000 h ondiestrus day 2, and before (at 0800, 1200, and 1400 h) and during the preovulatory LH surge (at 1600 and 1800 h) on proestrus. NAL stimulated LH release by 2- to 3-fold at all stages of the estrous cycle, including during the proestrous gonadotropin surge. Ovar-iectomized rats were treated with estradiol benzoate (EB; 7.5 μg/rat, sc)and 2 days later received NAL (2 mg/kg, sc) or saline at 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 2000 h. NAL induced a relatively small(44—73%), but significant, increase in LH release before (1000,1200, and 1400 h), during (1600 h), and after(2000 h) the afternoon LH rise. While progesterone (P) treatment (5 mg, sc,day 2 at 1000 h) of EB-...
On an optimum algorithm for waveform synthesis and its applications to digital transmitters

This paper proves that the optimum algorithm for waveform synthesis of an analog waveform such that the quantisation noise over a band in frequency is minimised, is Viterbi decoding the analog waveform over the convolutional code generated by a band pass filter with the same passband. A novel application of waveform synthesis to design of efficient modulation systems is proposed, resulting in a completely digital transmitter with no analog stages required for modulation and upconversion. High speed applications of the proposed scheme require list decoder compatible filters of low constraint lengths. The paper proposes a design methodology for designing short list-decoder compatible filters by optimising their equivalent performance profiles (EPP) and analyses the performance of these encoders with varying list lengths. The paper also explains the transition phenomena observed in the performance of the encoders and derives a theoretical upper bound on the minimum number of list survivors to be retained to ensure negligible drop in the performance of the encoders.
Ouabain stimulates Na-K-ATPase through a sodium/hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1)-dependent mechanism in human kidney proximal tubule cells.

Recent investigations demonstrate increased Na/H exchanger-1 (NHE-1) activity and plasma levels of ouabain-like factor in spontaneously hypertensive rats. At nanomolar concentrations, ouabain incre...
Influence of Nanoclay on Properties of HDPE/Wood Composites

Composites based on high density polyeth- ylene (HDPE), pine flour, and organic clay were made by melt compounding and then injection molding. The influ- ence of clay on crystallization behavior, mechanical proper- ties, water absorption, and thermal stability of HDPE/pine composites was investigated. The HDPE/pine composites containing exfoliated clay were made by a two-step melt compounding procedure with the aid of a maleated polyeth- ylene (MAPE). The use of 2% clay decreased the crystalliza- tion temperature (Tc), crystallization rate, and the crystallin- ity level of the HDPE/pine composites, but did not change the crystalline thickness. When 2% MAPE was added, the crystallization rate increased, but the crystallinity level was further lowered. The flexural and tensile strength of HDPE/ pine composites increased about 20 and 24%, respectively, with addition of 1% clay, but then decreased slightly as the clay content increased to 3%. The tensile modulus and ten- sile elongation were also increased with the addition of 1% clay. The impact strength was lowered about 7% by 1% clay, but did not decrease further as more clay was added. The MAPE improved the state of dispersion in the composites. Moisture content and thickness swelling of the HDPE/pine composites was reduced by the clay, but the clay did not improve the composite thermal stability. 2007 Wiley Peri-
Identifying Dark Web clusters with temporal coherence analysis

Extremists are actively utilizing social media as propaganda to promote their ideologies. Online forums are ideal platforms to draw attention from worldwide Internet users to the timely issues and some opinions in these discussions can be threatening the public safety. It is of great interest for the intelligence to identify clusters on these forums and capture the topics of discussions and their development. Previous work in cluster identification focused on social networks constructed by the direct interactions between users utilizing link analysis techniques. However, the direct interactions between users may only capture one potential relationship between forum users. Users who share common interests may not necessarily interact with each other directly. On the other hand, they may be active in similar events simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a temporal coherence analysis approach to identify clusters of users from the Dark Web data. Users are represented as vectors of activeness and clusters are extracted with the support of temporal coherence analysis. We tested our proposed methods on both synthetic dataset and real world dataset. Using the real-world Dark Web dataset, three clusters were identified and each cluster was also associated with a specific theme. It shows that a cluster of users participating in a theme of discussion can be discovered without using any content analysis but only using temporal analysis.
Teenagers, Territory and the Appropriation of Space:

Through their legal status as ‘minors’, American teenagers are legally prohibited from property ownership. In order to claim places, therefore, young people must appropriate and occupy the places o...
Semiclassical many-mode Floquet theory. III. SU(3) dynamical evolution of three-level systems in intense bichromatic fields.

The SU(3) dynamical evolution of three-level systems at two-photon resonance induced by two strong linearly polarized monochromatic fields is studied exactly by means of the semiclassical many-mode Floquet theory (MMFT) recently developed by the authors. Within the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), Hioe and Eberly have recently shown that the eight-dimensional SU(3) coherent vector S\ensuremath{\rightarrow} characterizing the time evolution of three-level systems can be factored into three independent vectors of dimensions three, four, and one, at appropriate two-photon resonance conditions. In practice, however, if the laser-atom interactions occur away from the two-photon resonance, or if the RWA is not valid, etc., this Gell-Mann--type SU(3) dynamical symmetry will be broken. It is shown in this paper that instead of solving the time-dependent generalized Bloch equations, the SU(3) dynamical evolution of the coherent vector S\ensuremath{\rightarrow} as well as various symmetry-breaking effects can be expediently studied by the use of the MMFT and expressed in terms of a few time-independent quasienergy eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Furthermore, we have extended the generalized Van Vleck (GVV) nearly degenerate perturbation theory to an analytical treatment of the two-mode Floquet Hamiltonian. This reduces the infinite-dimensional time-independent Floquet Hamiltonian into a 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 effective Hamiltonian, from which useful analytical properties of the SU(3) coherent vector can be easily obtained. The combination of the MMFT and the GVV method thus greatly facilitates the study of the dynamical evolution. Pictorial comparison of the exact and the RWA results of the time evolution of the eight-dimensional coherent vector under several different physical conditions is presented and discussed at length.
NUCLEAR FUSION DEFECTIVE1 Encodes the Arabidopsis RPL21M Protein and Is Required for Karyogamy during Female Gametophyte Development and Fertilization

Karyogamy, or nuclear fusion, is essential for sexual reproduction. In angiosperms, karyogamy occurs three times: twice during double fertilization of the egg cell and the central cell and once during female gametophyte development when the two polar nuclei fuse to form the diploid central cell nucleus. The molecular mechanisms controlling karyogamy are poorly understood. We have identified nine female gametophyte mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), nuclear fusion defective1 (nfd1) to nfd9, that are defective in fusion of the polar nuclei. In the nfd1 to nfd6 mutants, failure of fusion of the polar nuclei is the only defect detected during megagametogenesis. nfd1 is also affected in karyogamy during double fertilization. Using transmission electron microscopy, we showed that nfd1 nuclei fail to undergo fusion of the outer nuclear membranes. nfd1 contains a T-DNA insertion in RPL21M that is predicted to encode the mitochondrial 50S ribosomal subunit L21, and a wild-type copy of this gene rescues the mutant phenotype. Consistent with the predicted function of this gene, an NFD1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein localizes to mitochondria and the NFD1/RPL21M gene is expressed throughout the plant. The nfd3, nfd4, nfd5, and nfd6 mutants also contain T-DNA insertions in genes predicted to encode proteins that localize to mitochondria, suggesting a role for this organelle in nuclear fusion.
The acquisition of abstract letter codes

Abstract A modification of Posner's letter-matching paradigm proposed by Beller (1971) was employed to study the development of abstract visual and name codes for letters. Second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade students (ages 8, 10, and 12 years, respectively) were presented in advance one of a pair of to-be-matched letters. Case agreement (upper- and lowercase) between the prime letter and the letter pair was manipulated to differentiate facilitation based on concrete features of the stimulus letter from that based on the letter's abstract visual code. For physical matches second graders showed greater facilitation from same-case primes than from different-case primes, whereas sixth graders benefited equally from both types of prime. For same-name and different conditions, no qualitative developmental differences were revealed as all subjects benefited from letter primes irrespective of case agreement. The acquisition and utilization of abstract visual codes for letters are a later acquisition than name codes, which were clearly operative at the lowest grade level in the present experiment.
Effective admission control in multihop mobile ad hoc networks

Currently, quality of service (QoS) support for multihop mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is drawing more attention. Successful QoS strategies should consider the distinctive features of MANETs. In this paper, we propose and analyze an admission control mechanism, suitable for MANETs. We first propose two algorithms capable of estimating the available (to the mobile nodes) bandwidth. We then incorporate them in an admission control scheme, which allows dynamic allocation of the traffic. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed admission control mechanism is simple, yet effective in terms of maintaining the end-to-end delay below a certain threshold.
The Melting Temperatures of the n-Paraffins and the Convergence Temperature for Polyethylene.

The extrapolation of the melting points, Tm, of the zi-paraffins to large chain lengths (n—» °°) is reexamined in order to resolve the differences in the proposed values of the convergence temperature 7*0= Urn Tm. Experimental liquid entropies can be made consistant with a term, R In n, proposed by Flory and Vrij. This term effectively replaces the well-known expression rm = r0 {n-\- a)/(n + b) with an expression Tm = T0 (n + a)/(n + \n n + b); thus, slowing the convergence rate and increasing To from 141.1 °C to 144.7 °C. Independent estimates of the parameters in the melting relationship were obtained from thermodynamic data and the least squares estimate of 7o = 144.7 °C (calculated from 33 melting points with a standard deviation of 7^ = 0.3 °C) could not be altered by more than ±0.5 °C by any reasonable variation of the parameters. A simplified melting expression is obtained for polyethylene which includes both the chain end and fold surface energies, and it is shown that chain end effects partly account for the discrepancy between the 144.7 °C convergence temperature and experimental melting temperatures (~ 139 °C) of extended chain polyethylene crystals.
Design of a Multi-Core SoC with Configurable Heterogeneous 9 CPUs and 2 Matrix Processors

A multi-core SoC for multi-application (recognition, inference, measurement, control, and security) is developed. The configurable heterogeneous architecture with 9 CPUs and 2 matrix processors reduced 45% power consumption. The performance-oriented multi-bank matrix processor with 2-read-1-write calculation and background I/O operation is adopted. The 1 GHz CPU is realized by the delay management network applied for any kinds of applications and process technologies.
Antibody in “Impro” (Immune Protein), a Commercial Whey Antibody Blend

Abstract Impro products, commercial whey antibody blends, are, according to the manufacturer, effective in treating, preventing, and reducing the incidence of various bovine diseases. By electrophoresis, radialimmunodiffusion agglutination and growth inhibition tests, no specific antibodies or immunoglobulins were detected in Impro products.
Sensorimotor feedback based on task-relevant error robustly predicts temporal recruitment and multidirectional tuning of muscle synergies

We hypothesized that motor outputs are hierarchically organized such that descending temporal commands based on desired task-level goals flexibly recruit muscle synergies that specify the spatial p...
Will Performance Measurement Lead to Better Patient Outcomes?: What Are the Roles of the National Quality Forum and Medical Specialty Societies?

Performance measures (PMs) are specified metrics by which a health-care provider's care can be compared with national benchmarks. The use of PMs is a key component of efforts to improve the quality and value of health care. The National Quality Forum (NQF) is the federally recognized endorser of PMs. From 2006 to 2009, the Quality Improvement Committee (QIC) of the American College of Chest Physicians engaged in the review of proposed PMs as a member of the NQF. This article provides a review of the QIC's experience with PMs and NQF membership and the lessons learned, an overview of the enhancements made to the NQF endorsement process in 2010 and 2011, and a discussion of the next steps that would further strengthen the measure development and endorsement processes and increase the likelihood of measurement leading to better patient outcomes.
DESIGN INTELLIGENCES: A CASE FOR MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

The complexity of design tasks today requires individuals with a wide array of skill sets - for example, spatial visualization, problem solving, verbal skills, communication skills, interpersonal skills and so on. Yet design education today seems to limit skills to form manipulation and graphical skills. These latter skill sets, although essential to design, predict only a part of a designer’s application in the real-world contexts. Identifying and recognizing multiple intelligences then becomes important for architects and researchers to value and nurture diversity in architecture, empathize with the variations of individual cognitive strengths, and implement diverse tools to evaluate different areas of design thinking. In essence, the paper proposes a multiple intelligence approach to architecture design in the studio environment using educationist and cognitive psychologist Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory.
Finding the courage to lead: The oregon experience

A severe nursing shortage has the profession in crisis. The national picture is paralleled in Oregon. The Oregon Nursing Leadership Council (ONLC), through intense dialogue, developed a comprehensive statewide plan to resolve the shortage. From the perspective of group relations and leadership theories, this article describes the issues and events that contributed to the remarkable journey that culminated in this plan. Motivated by our concern for the public welfare and the survival of our profession, individual ONLC members surrendered their own narrow organizational goals to achieve a more effective collective outcome.
Native Bees, Honeybees, and Pollination in Oregon Cranberries

Cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) relies on insect pollination for berry production. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) have historically provided this service, but their recent decline has underscored the need for additional pollinators. The objective of this study was to determine the richness and abundance of native bees in the cranberry-growing area of southern coastal Oregon and compare foraging behaviors of honeybees and native bees. In a 2-year study, we collected over 27 native bee species in traps set out during and after bloom (mid-May to mid-June). During 67 2-min observations, honeybees (68.1%) and three species of bumble bees (Bombus spp.; 31.6%) comprised 99.7% of foragers. The dominant bumble bee was Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski (56.0%). Multivariate regression of temperature and wind speed data indicated that both were significantly predictive of honeybee and bumble bee foragers (P < 0.001). The interquartile range for foraging was 18.3 to 22.2 °C for bumble bees and 21.1 to 26.7 °C for honeybees. Over 75% of honeybees were seen foraging above the average observed temperature (19.5 °C). Bumble bee pollen loads had a greater dry mass (6.8 ± 12.9 mg) than those of honeybees (2.0 ± 3.6 mg; P < 0.001), and the latter were observed collecting nectar but no pollen more often (during 37.2% of visits) than bumble bees (11.3% of visits). Based on our results, bumble bees in general, and B. vosnesenskii in particular, may be providing significant pollination services for Oregon cranberry farms. However, to maintain current native bumble bee populations, conservation efforts are recommended.
Oxygen as a chemoattractant: confirming cellular hypoxia in paper-based invasion assays

Low oxygen tension, or hypoxia, is a common occurrence in solid tumors. Hypoxia is a master regulator of cellular phenotype, and is associated with increased tumor invasion and aggressiveness as well as adverse patient prognosis. Oxygen has recently been linked with the selective movement of different cancer cell types in three-dimensional invasion assays utilizing paper-based scaffolds. It has remained unclear, however, if cells in these paper-based invasion assays are experiencing hypoxia. In this manuscript, we adapted cell-based methods to measure oxygen tension in our 3D invasion assays: the adduction of pimonidazole to free thiols in the cell, indicative of a reducing environment; the localization of hypoxia inducible factors to the nucleus; and the expression of hypoxia-regulated gene products. We utilized each method to compare the oxygen tension in different locations of the paper-based invasion stacks and found an oxygen gradient is indeed forming. Specifically, we found that the extent of pimonidazole binding, as well as the levels and activities of nucleus-localized HIF-α proteins, increase as the distance between the cells and the source of fresh medium increases. These complementary cell-based readouts not only confirm the selective invasion we observe is due to an oxygen gradient, they also show the gradient is temporal in nature and evolves with increasing culture period.
A Wireless Location Method with High Precision for Underground Personnel Tracking

Based on the analysis of application limitation while using mainstream wireless location technology in coal mine,a precision location method for underground personnel tracking based on SDS-TW-TOA ranging and least-square method was proposed.The method's robustness against measurement error caused by wireless location equipment's crystal offset was proved.The feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified by analyzing and comparing the experimental data.
Enhanced Privacy ID from Bilinear Pairing.

Enhanced Privacy ID (EPID) is a cryptographic scheme that enables the remote authentication of a hardware device while preserving the privacy of the device. EPID can be seen as a direct anonymous attestation scheme with enhanced revocation capabilities. In EPID, a device can be revoked if the private key embedded in the hardware device has been extracted and published widely so that the revocation manager finds the corrupted private key. In addition, the revocation manager can revoke a device based on the signatures the device has signed, if the private key of the device is not known. In this paper, we introduce a new security notion of EPID including the formal definitions of anonymity and unforgeability with revocation. We also give a construction of an EPID scheme from bilinear pairing. Our EPID scheme is efficient and provably secure in the random oracle model under the strong Diffie-Hellman assumption and the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption.
Investigation of motion artifacts for biopotential measurement in wearable devices

The goal of this study is to investigate the two major reasons of motion artifacts, impedance variation and triboelectric charge accumulation. A theoretical model is established to analyze and estimate the dominant factor in different scenarios. This model also quantitatively explains how the major factors influence signal quality. A wearable device as small as a button was developed and used for experiment validation. The results showed that the body triboelectricity was the dominant factor to two-electrode settings where caused little influence on three-electrode settings. Also the impedance variation due to motion resulted in ECG baseline fluctuating whereas the surface charge accumulation might cause failure of ECG acquisition. This study aims to provide fundamental understanding of motion artifacts and new evidence for technical improvement for wearable ExG systems.
Big Data for Medical Image Analysis: A Performance Study

Big data systems can be used to facilitate powerfulmedical image analysis at scale. Understanding their behaviorsin this context can lead to many benefits, ranging from superiorinfrastructure configurations to optimized parallel algorithmimplementations. This paper is, to our knowledge, a first steptowards developing such an understanding for state-of-the-artbig data platforms. We characterize a representative medicalimage segmentation pipeline, detailing the per-stage CPU, memory, I/O reads and writes, and execution time patterns. Thischaracterization has already helped us overcome a bottleneckpersistently causing analysis to crash unexpectedly, and avoidpoor architecture choices on storage and parallel execution.
Community partnerships to further the role of rural public libraries in small business economic development: a case study of Tennessee

This brief paper identifies the community partnerships getting developed in a planning grant entitled “The Role of Rural Public Libraries in Small Business Economic Development in the Appalachian Region: A Case Study of Tennessee” (PLSB-TN) recently awarded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services’ National Leadership Grants for Libraries (Research Category) (October 2014 – September 2016) (URL: http://scholar.cci.utk.edu/plsb-tn). PLSB-TN involves collecting quantitative and qualitative feedback based on the needs, expectations, and experiences of small businesses and rural public libraries in the state. PLSB-TN research conducted so far includes preliminary planning activities, analyzing existing needs and feasibility, solidifying community partnerships, and developing initial work plans, blueprint, and strategic action plan prototype of a Public Library Small Business Toolkit that strengthens collaborations between various stakeholders involved. PLSB-TN is serving as a pilot case experience and assessment test-bed to expand strategies for the entire Appalachian region and other rural environments in the future.
MicroRNA-Deficient Murine NK Cells Exhibit Impaired Development and Survival but Enhanced IFN-γ Production In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract 357 NK cells are innate immune lymphocytes important for early host defense against infectious pathogens and malignant transformation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that control a wide variety of cellular processes by specific targeting of mRNA 39UTRs. The Dicer1 gene encodes a conserved enzyme essential for miRNA processing, and Dicer1 deficiency leads to a global defect in miRNA biogenesis. While miRNA expression and regulation of adaptive T and B lymphocytes are well established, their role in the regulation of NK cell biology remains unclear. We postulated that miRNAs serve an essential role in orchestrating NK cell development and activation. To test this hypothesis, we combined lymphocyte-restricted hCD2-Cre transgenic, Rosa26-YFP-Cre-reporter, and Dicer1 ‘floxed9 mice. In this model, 25–50% of Dicer1 wt/wt NK cells are YFP + marking expression of Cre. As expected, YFP+ NK cells from Dicer1 fl/fl and fl/wt mice were confirmed to excise Dicer1 , and exhibit decreased total miRNA content based on Nanostring profiling and real-time qPCR ( Dicer1 fl/fl: P Dicer1 fl/fl mice exhibited reduced YFP + NK percentages (spleen Dicer1 fl/fl: 14±4%, fl/wt: 35±7%, wt/wt 36±7%, P + NK cells [spleen Dicer1 fl/fl: 3.4±0.6×10E5, fl/wt: 6.3±1.7×10E5, wt/wt 6.1±.99×10E5, P Dicer1 fl/fl mice had reductions NK cell precursors in the BM (stage 2–3 NK precursors mean decrease 70±14% in Dicer1 fl/fl compared to wt/wt, P Dicer1 fl/fl NK cells exhibited reduced survival ex vivo when cultured in medium (P enhanced functionality; a finding that contrasts to less NK selective miRNA-deficient NK cell models (Bezman et al. J Immunol 185:3835, 2010). Degranulation (CD107a + , a surrogate for cytotoxicity) was enhanced in vitro in response to YAC-1 tumor target cells (P in vitro in miRNA-deficient NK cells in response to IL-12+IL-15 (P + IFN-γ + ) in Dicer1 fl/fl (64± 4.9%) vs. fl/wt (52±11%, p in vivo . MiRs-15/16 were identified as abundant miRNAs in NK cells that had reduced expression in Dicer1 fl/fl NK cells, and are predicted to target the murine IFN-γ 39UTR. This targeting was validated in vitro , by transfecting 293T cells with miRNA-15/16 or control over-expression vectors and a sensor plasmid that places luciferase under the control of the murine IFN-γ 39UTR (34% decrease, P Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
DSM-5 Reform Efforts by the Society for Humanistic Psychology:

Since 2011, the Society for Humanistic Psychology (Division 32 of the American Psychological Association) has taken a lead in organizing an international coalition of organizations and individuals ...
Impact of USPSTF recommendations for aspirin for prevention of recurrent preeclampsia.

Background The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia among women at high risk for primary occurrence or recurrence of disease. Recommendations for the use of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention were issued by the US Preventive Services Task Force in September 2014. Objectives The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of recurrent preeclampsia in our cohort before and after the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation for aspirin for preeclampsia prevention. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study designed to evaluate the rates of recurrent preeclampsia among women with a history of preeclampsia. We utilized a 2-hospital, single academic institution database from August 2011 through June 2016. We excluded multiple gestations and included only the first delivery for women with multiple deliveries during the study period. The cohort of women with a history of preeclampsia were divided into 2 groups, before and after the release of the US Preventive Services Task Force 2014 recommendations. Potential confounders were accounted for in multivariate analyses, and relative risk and adjusted relative risk were calculated. Results A total of 17,256 deliveries occurred during the study period. A total of 417 women had a documented history of prior preeclampsia: 284 women before and 133 women after the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Comparing the before and after groups, the proportion of Hispanic women in the after group was lower and the method of payment differed between the groups ( P P > .05]). Risk factors for recurrent preeclampsia included maternal age >35 years (relative risk, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–2.48), Medicaid insurance (relative risk, 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–3.78), type 2 diabetes (relative risk, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–3.33), and chronic hypertension (relative risk, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–2.66). The risk of recurrent preeclampsia was decreased by 30% in the after group (adjusted relative risk, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.95). Conclusion Rates of recurrent preeclampsia among women with a history of preeclampsia decreased by 30% after release of the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation for aspirin for preeclampsia prevention. Future prospective studies should include direct measures of aspirin compliance, gestational age at initiation, and explore the influence of race and ethnicity on the efficacy of this primary prevention.
Radiology and Ethics Education.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to assess medical ethics knowledge among trainees and practicing radiologists through an online survey that included questions about the American College of Radiology Code of Ethics and the American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics. CONCLUSION. Most survey respondents reported that they had never read the American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics or the American College of Radiology Code of Ethics (77.2% and 67.4% of respondents, respectively). With regard to ethics education during medical school and residency, 57.3% and 70.0% of respondents, respectively, found such education to be insufficient. Medical ethics training should be highlighted during residency, at specialty society meetings, and in journals and online resources for radiologists.
When voters are voting, what are they doing?: Symbolic selection and the 2016 U.S. presidential election

The article proposes a view of voting as symbolic selection that enables commensuration among otherwise balkanized electoral theories, focusing on the 2016 U.S. presidential election. When voters select candidates, it argues, what they are doing is selecting a signifier for a coalition of symbols that the candidate has come to signify to the voter over the course of the campaign. This perspective is used to better understand why Trump won by focusing on how different aspects of the campaign redounded to the assemblage and formation of the coalitions of symbols that voters would be voting on when they were voting. The paper argues that these coalitions help explain Trump’s narrow victories in Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania that were so decisive in the 2016 election.
Students’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Teamwork Before and After an Interprofessional Pain Education Course

Objective. To evaluate changes in pharmacy and nursing student perspectives before and after completion of an interprofessional education (IPE) course.Methods. A pre- and post-perception scale descriptive prospective study design utilizing Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) and Collaboration and Satisfaction about Care Decisions (CSACD) with self-reported statements of knowledge and importance of professional roles was used.Results. Significant improvement was shown for IEPS and CSACD overall and for both pharmacy and nursing students. Post-scores improved from 2013 to 2014, with significant improvements for IEPS. Pharmacy student findings show an increase in knowledge and importance of their roles and those of nursing students. Nursing students grew significantly in their knowledge of the pharmacist’s role only.Conclusion. An IPE course for nursing and pharmacy students, taught by diverse health professionals with a care plan and simulation assignments, fosters the Interprofessional Educ...
Quantitative Clinical Staging for Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Background Analysis of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) database revealed that clinical (cTNM) staging minimally stratified survival and was discrepant with pathological (pTNM) staging. To improve prognostic classification of MPM, alternative staging models based on quantitative parameters were explored. Methods An institutional review board-approved MPM registry was queried to identify patients with available pathological and preoperative imaging data. Qualifying patients were randomly assigned to training and test sets in a 1:2 ratio. Computed cTNM and pTNM staging (AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 7th ed.) were compared. Quantitative image analysis included tumor volume assessed from three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography scans (VolCT) and maximal fissural thickness (Fmax). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the relationship with VolCT was examined by Cox regression analysis to identify optimized cut-points. Performance of cTNM and quantitative models derived was compared in the test set using Harrell's C index. Results A total of 472 patients met inclusion criteria. TNM staging was concordant with pathological TNM staging in 171 of 472 (36.2%), understaged in 209 (44.2%), and overstaged in 92 (19.4%) patients. The most concordant feature was involvement of interlobar fissures. A quantitative clinical staging model comprising VolCT and Fmax (c-index = 0.638, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.603 to 0.673) performed statistically significantly better as a prognostic classifier when compared in the test set with cTNM (c-index = 0.562, 95% CI = 0.525 to 0.599, P = .001). Conclusions Improved prognostic performance may be achievable by quantitative clinical staging combining VolCT and Fmax, providing a cost-effective and clinically relevant surrogate for clinical TNM stage.