cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The hypo-osmolality of pregnancy does not alter baroreceptor responses to acute changes in osmolality.

Reducing extracellular osmolality by 10-12 mOsm/L reduces baroreceptor firing in vitro in tissues from male rats. Pregnancy is associated with a similar reduction in plasma osmolality (pOsm) as well as with alterations in baroreceptor firing and reduced baroreceptor reflex activity. Mechanisms for reduced baroreflex activity are not yet understood, but they have important implications for maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis in the pregnant female. Thus, this study was designed to test whether changes in plasma osmolality alter baroreceptor discharge during pregnancy. Late-gestation pregnant and virgin control rats were anesthetized, femoral vessels were cannulated for measurement of arterial pressure and drug infusion, and the aortic depressor nerve, containing baroreceptor afferents, was isolated and prepared for recording. Plasma osmolality was measured before and 30 min after graded intraperitoneal injections of NaCl (50-1500 mOsm/L). Arterial pressure, heart rate, and aortic depressor nerve acti...
A Historical Analysis of Textbook Development in American Music: Education and the Impetus for the National Standards for Music Education

(2005). A Historical Analysis of Textbook Development in American Music: Education and the Impetus for the National Standards for Music Education. Arts Education Policy Review: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 13-19.
Synthesis and characterization of a new acceptor (n-type) fluorinated and terminal-functionalized polythiophene

Donor- or acceptor-substituted polythiophenes have many potential applications in optoelectronics. Fluorinated polythiophenes are particularly attractive because of the presence of fluorine, which can withdraw electrons and also improve polymer chemical stability. Because of the promising future of these polymers, there has been much interest in identifying favorable synthetic routes to new fluorinated monomers and polymers. In this study, the monomer had an electron-withdrawing fluorinated ester and was derived from 3-thiophene carboxylic acid and 2,2,3,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-1-butanol. The synthesis of an n-type fluorinated and terminal-functionalized polythiophene was accomplished with the Ullmann coupling reaction. A polymer soluble in tetrahydrofuran was obtained with a molecular weight of approximately 15,000 g/mol. In solution, it exhibited a band gap of 2.4 eV, and the photoluminescent excitation and emission maxima were 370 nm and 555 nm, respectively. All peaks were bathochromically shifted when they were measured in the solid state. The glass-transition and decomposition (in air) temperatures were 129 and 493 C, respectively.
Comparison of Hydraulic‐Burst and Ball‐on‐Ring Tests for Measuring Biaxial Strength

The statistics of failure of the hydraulic-burst (HB) test were compared with those of the ball-on-ring (BOR) test. Polycrystalline Al2O3 tape-cast specimens, both square and circular, in two different sizes, were tested. Both the mean strengths and the Weibull moduli from the BOR tests were approximately twice the values from the HB tests. The area (volume) under stress is much larger for the HB test than the BOR test; therefore, the HB data can be considered as a low-probability-of-failure, low-strength tail of the BOR curve that has a lower Weibull modulus than the highstress portion. Thus, BOR tests give a misleading picture of improvements in mechanical strength, because of changes in the fabrication and handling of substrates. However, previous observations that the incidence of edge and support failures was very high in the HB test were confirmed. Also, the apparent strength of the HB specimens was affected more strongly by size and shape than was that of the BOR specimens.
Distribution of somatic H1 subtypes is non-random on active vs. inactive chromatin II: distribution in human adult fibroblasts.

For nearly twenty years researchers have observed changes in the histone H1 subtype content of tissues as an organism develops into an adult. To better understand the consequences of such changes, immunofractionation of chromatin using previously characterized antibodies specific for human H1 subtypes was employed in the analysis of a fibroblast cell strain derived from a 37-year-old individual. DNAs isolated from immunoprecipitates were probed for the existence of a variety of DNA sequences. The results presented lend further support to a previously-proposed model (Parseghian et al. [2000] Chromosome Res 8:405-424) in which transcription of a sequence is accompanied by the selective depletion of subtypes. The data also suggest that there is more total H1 on actively transcribed sequences in these cells as compared to fetal fibroblasts and that there is less difference in the subtype compositions of active genes vs. inactive sequences in this strain. Specifically, the consequences of these changes appear to correlate with the attenuation of the heat shock response in aging fibroblasts. In a broader context, these results could explain why there are reductions in transcription in cells from mature tissue that approach senescence. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 643–659, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
IMP dehydrogenase: structural schizophrenia and an unusual base

Textbooks describe enzymes as relatively rigid templates for the transition state of a chemical reaction, and indeed an enzyme such as chymotrypsin, which catalyzes a relatively simple hydrolysis reaction, is reasonably well described by this model. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) undergoes a remarkable array of conformational transitions in the course of a complicated catalytic cycle, offering a dramatic counterexample to this view. IMPDH displays several other unusual mechanistic features, including an Arg residue that may act as a general base catalyst and a dynamic monovalent cation site. Further, IMPDH appears to be involved in ’moon-lighting‘ functions that may require additional conformational states. How the balance between conformational states is maintained and how the various conformational states interconvert is only beginning to be understood.
Stimulation of Release and Synthesis of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in Tissue Cultures of Rat Pituitaries in Response to Natural and Synthetic LH and FSH Releasing Hormone

Addition of nanogram amounts of highly purified or pure porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH, once daily for 5 days to female rat anterior pituitary cultures, significantly increased the release of both LH and FSH. LH release appeared to be linearly related to the log-dose of LH-RH/FSHRH over the range of S-40 ng/ml/day. Total content of LH and of FSH in stimulated tissue and medium exceeded that of controls as measured by radioimmunoassays for LH and FSH. Synthetic LH-RH/FSH-RH also stimulated the release and synthesis of both LH and FSH in rat anterior pituitary cultures. This indicates that both LH and FSH releasing activities are intrinsic to the same molecule. When anterior pituitary tissue was incubated with tritiated glucosamine in the presence of porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH, there was a significant incorporation of radioactivity into the LH found in the incubation medium. These data indicate that de novo synthesis, as well as release of LH, occurred in tissue stimulated with porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH. (Endocrinology 90: 764,...
Nanophotonics for quantum optics using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Optical microcavities and waveguides coupled to diamond are needed to enable efficient communication between quantum systems such as nitrogen-vacancy centers which are known already to have long electron spin coherence lifetimes. This paper describes recent progress in realizing microcavities with low loss and small mode volume in two hybrid systems: silica microdisks coupled to diamond nanoparticles, and gallium phosphide microdisks coupled to single-crystal diamond. A theoretical proposal for a gallium phosphide nanowire photonic crystal cavity coupled to diamond is also discussed. Comparing the two material systems, silica microdisks are easier to fabricate and test. However, at low temperature, nitrogen-vacancy centers in bulk diamond are spectrally more stable, and we expect that in the long term the bulk diamond approach will be better suited for on-chip integration of a photonic network.
Cytokines as Intercellular Signals in Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions

Recent clinical and experimental evidence indicates that many of the sequelae of hemolytic transfusion reactions may be mediated by cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, the chemokines interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Experimental models of both acute and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions demonstrate the production of these molecules. The time course and relative patterns of production correlate well with known clinical manifestations of these reactions. Tumor necrosis factor-α appears to be central to ABO incompatibility reactions, and stimulates endothelial cells to exhibit procoagulant activity and surface adhesion molecules.
The creative thinking, environmental frustration, and self‐concept of left‐ and right‐handers

Abstract: Left‐ (n = 12) and right‐handed (n = 12) college students were compared on creative thinking, environmental frustration, and self‐concept. It was hypothesized that because left‐handers regularly encounter equipment designed for right hand use, these individuals must use creative thinking to successfully interact with the environment. Results indicated that on the Environmental Frustration Questionnaire, left‐handers indicated significantly greater frustration with two of the six categories of objects, namely household tools (p < .005) and classroom desks (p < .005). On the Verbal and Figural Forms of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, lefthanders scored significantly higher on the figural elaboration measure (p < .05). Finally, the hypothesis that handedness plays a larger role in the self‐concept of left‐handers than right‐handers was confirmed. Left‐handers were significantly more likely than right‐handers to mention their handedness when asked to describe themselves (p < .05).
The politics of Technicians

An unintended consequence of the New York psychology Scope of Practice legislation led to a restriction in the use of testing technicians that has yet to be reversed after 4 years. The misperception of neuropsychology by state legislators and psychology colleagues was a key obstacle to achieving a timely solution. We discuss how the political agenda and practice philosophies of New York neuropsychologists were at odds with those of our psychology colleagues, and how that brought about a protracted struggle affecting both patient care and the practice of clinical neuropsychology. Neuropsychologists must maintain an active role in professional and political organizations with equal attention at the local, state, and national levels to avoid similar restrictions to their clinical practice.
Hemangioendothelioma of bone with pulmonary metastases: A 25‐year course: Report of a Case

A unique case of hemangioendothelioma of bone arising in the right scapula of a 15-year-old boy is reported. The patient has been followed for over 25 years. After a symptom-free interval of 15 years, he developed a solitary pulmonary metastasis which was removed by left lower lobectomy. Five years later another metastasis was resected from his left upper lobe. During the subsequent five year period he has remained free of further evidence of metastases, attesting to the indolent course which may be taken occasionally by these malignant vascular tumors.
Development and Simulation of an Embedded Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyst Chamber in Low‐Temperature Co‐Fired Ceramics

Satellites in the range of 10–50 kg require small propulsion devices to perform station-keeping tasks in orbit. Low-temperature co-fired ceramic structures provide a unique platform to produce a reliable, low-cost micropropulsion system. The design uses microchannels embedded in the ceramic substrate to create a nozzle and embedded catalyst chamber. A hydrogen peroxide monopropellant is injected into a silver-coated catalyst chamber structure. The monopropellant decomposes into hot gas, which is expelled through the nozzle producing thrust. A thermal energy balance and a kinetic model is presented along with performance testing.
Proton detection of long-range couplings to carbon-13 using semiselective pulses. A high-resolution method for assigning amino acids in peptides

The problem of assigning lines in the NMR spectra of peptides to sequence specific am ino acids is an important one whose general solution involves finding some kind of connectivity between spectral components associated with adjacent residues (see F ig. 1). To this end, a variety of schemes involving one-dimensional and, more recently, two-dimensional techniques have been proposed (I-13) none of which are free of lim itations. In principle, the most straightforward strategy is to look for cross relaxation (NOES) between the proton on the (Y carbon of the ith residue and the am ide proton of the next residue at i + 1 (Z-3). For success, this experiment must generally be done in HZ0 or aprotic solvents in order to m inimize the effects of chemical exchange between the am ide and the solvent protons. In aqueous solutions at a physiologic pH, however, the exchange reaction may be so rapid that the identities of individual NH resonances are obliterated by exchange broadening. This is frequently the case for linear peptides as well as polypeptide segments in proteins that have poorly defined secondary structure and are exposed to the solvent. Indeed the success of any NMR method that involves correlations with am ide protons (1-3, 7-11, 13) will be constrained by the specifics of the NH-solvent exchange kinetics. An alternative method that avoids the problems with exchange is one in which connectivity between the a! protons of adjacent am ino acids is established through their respective twoand three-bond scalar couplings to the 13C’ of the intervening carbonyl group (5, 6, 12, 13). Heteronuclear correlation experiments such as these, involving mu ltibond or long-range coherence transfer, suffer, however, from poor sensitivity, especially if done using 13C detection (5-9, II, 14). In part this is a consequence of the low gyromagnetic ratio of carbon13 as well as its scarcity in nature. O ther contributing factors include (1) the inefficiency of coherence transfer through weak, mu ltibond couplings, ‘2,3)J(HC) that are the same order of magn itude as the natural linewidths; and (2) losses in signal due to interference arising from homonuclear couplings (passive spin effects (14, 15)). As amp ly demonstrated (9, 16-18) the sensitivity of the heteronuclear correlation experiment can be enhanced significantly by using proton detection, particularly
Use of tests and measures in marital and family research.

Szrt7zmay.-Measures from the marital and family literature were rank ordered by frequency of appearance in the PsycINFO database from 1974-1997. The Family Environment Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales were the instruments found to be most used in research. Boughner, Hayes, Bubenzer, and West (1994) reported on the use of standardzed tests and measures by marital and family therapists. There is a dearth of studies on the research use of family and marital assessment techniques in the literature, although Lindholrn and Touliatos (1993) cornmented on the continuing popularity of measurement in family research. The purpose of the present study was to examine the use of measures in the family and marital areas during the past three decades. An initial listing of 50 tests was constructed by consulting the major texts in the area (Filsinger, 1983; Fredman & Sherman, 1987; Grotevant & Carlson, 1989; Touliatos, Perlmutter, & Straus, 1990), as well as recent journals in the family and marital specialties. A search on each measure was conducted in the PsycLIT CD-ROM database for the years 1974-1997 and only those instruments with 10 or more hits were retained for the final analyses. These 22 measures were introduced as key-word descriptors for an online search of PsycINFO which includes coverage of dissertations, books, and chapters (see Table 1). These results indcate that several tests such as the Conflict Tactics Scale and the series of measures called The Family Adaptab~Lity and Cohesion Evaluation Scales seem to be gaining in popularity, whereas others, e.g., Marital Adjustment Test, apparently have lost their status in research investigations. It is important to note that this study compared family and marital measures in the scholarly hterature and did not include chical instruments (e.g., the MMPI, 16-PF, or the Millon scales) found to be used frequently by marital and family therapists (Boughner, et af., 1994).
Stochastic theory of collisional energy transfer: nature of convergence of master equation transition probabilities and moments as a function of cumulant expansion order

Abstract Closed form expressions for collisional energy transfer transition probabilities and moments are determined for the forced oscillator model by solving cumulant expansion master equation in second, fourth, sixth and infinite order. This enables a study of convergence properties of the cumulant expansion.
Murine liver plasmacytoid dendritic cells become potent immunostimulatory cells after Flt-3 ligand expansion

The liver has unique immunological properties. Although dendritic cells (DCs) are central mediators of immune regulation, little is known about liver DCs. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are a recently identified subtype of murine liver DC. We sought to define the function of freshly isolated murine liver pDCs. We found that normal liver pDCs were weak in stimulating T cells, yet they possessed a proinflammatory cytokine profile with high tumor necrosis factor-α and low IL-10 secretion. To facilitate the investigation of murine liver pDCs, we expanded them in vivo with fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L). After Toll-like receptor-9 ligation, expanded liver pDCs secreted high levels of IFN-α and were able to stimulate NK cells, NKT cells, and antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro. In addition, Flt3L expansion alone generated pDCs capable of activating antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo. Conclusion: Unstimulated liver pDCs exist in a latent state with the potential to become potent activators of the innate and adaptive immune systems through their interactions with other immune effectors. Our findings have implications for understanding the role of the liver in tolerance and immunity. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:445–454.)
CORRELATION IDENTIFICATION IN BIPARTITE PAULI CHANNELS

The classical communication capacities of quantum Pauli channels with memory (correlation) are known to exhibit a transition effect. We revisit this phenomenon from the standpoint of the functionally analogous task of Pauli channel correlation identification. We treat the complete class of Pauli channels with correlation and determine the maximum quantum Fisher information achievable both with pure separable channel probe states and with maximally entangled bipartite probe states. A comparison of these Fisher informations reveals four distinct classes of Pauli channels and shows that only those channels that exceed a certain parametric threshold exhibit a transition effect. For those Pauli channels that exhibit this effect, the threshold at which it occurs has a simple analytic expression.
Defect Monitoring and Substitutions in Sr3−xAxAlO4F (A = Ca, Ba) Oxyfluoride Host Lattices and Phosphors

We show that a family of anion ordered oxyfluorides with the general composition Sr3−xAxMO4F with A = Ca, Ba and 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and M = Ga1−zAlz and 0 ≤ z ≤ 1, which are promising new host lattices for near-UV excited phosphors with potential use in light-emitting devices, develop defect structures during exposure to reducing gases. These defects in anion-deficient nonstoichiometric (Sr3−xAx)1−α−2δMO4−αF1−δ, can be monitored by broad-band photoluminescence emissions centered near 500 nm when excited with 254 nm UV light. We show how the broad-band photoluminescence emissions of these materials respond to synthesis parameters such as temperature, time, and reducing gas flow rate and argue that they could be used to monitor the long-term stability of these phosphors under UV light. Substituting indium into the oxyfluoride lattices we discovered a class of single phase materials with the general formula (Sr3−xBax)1−α−2δAl1−cIncO4−α F1−δ (x = 0−0.6, c = 0−0.2, and α, δ = 0−0.05) which show self-activating luminesc...
A simple objective method of adjusting sling tension.

Purpose:: Pubovaginal sling is gaining widespread acceptance as a primary form of treatment for types II and III stress urinary incontinence. However, a major drawback is postoperative obstructed voiding due to excessive force placed on the suspension suture. We describe a simple objective method for intraoperative adjustment of sling tension that can be performed by a single surgeon during pubovaginal sling surgery.Materials and Methods:: A cotton swab is inserted into the urethra and placed at the urethrovesical junction after the sling is fixed suburethrally and the vaginal mucosa is closed. The suspension sutures are tied down directly onto the rectus fascia with enough tension to keep the cotton swab angle between 0 and 10 degrees to the horizontal plane. A total of 29 patients with an average age of 62 years underwent pubovaginal sling surgery with rectus and cadaveric fascia using this technique for tension adjustment. Of the patients 21 were diagnosed with types II and III, 5 had type II only and ...
Electrical Properties and Their Depth Variation in Poly-Si under AM1 Illumination

New relations for the polysilicon grain boundary (GB) potential barrier height (Ug) for both, the dark and light cases, are developed. The dependency of Ug on doping concentration (N), photogeneration (G), trap density (Nts), and the depth from surface (x), are discussed theoretically, along with the resulting minority carrier lifetime (τ), mobility (μ), and diffusion length (L). It is shown that Vg increases with depth and trap density, whereas the transport parameters decrease drastically under air-mass number 1 (AM 1) illumination. Es werden neue Beziehungen fur die Hohe der Potentialbarrieren (Ug) von Polysiliziumkorngrenzen (GB) sowohl fur den Fall der Dunkelheit als auch in Licht entwickelt. Die Abhangigkeit von Ug von Dotierungskonzentration (N), Photoanregung (G), Haftstellendichte (Nts) und der Tiefe unterhalb der Oberflache (x), werden zusammen mit der resultierenden Minoritatstragerlebensdauer (τ). Beweglichkeit (μ) und Diffusionslange (L) diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, das Vg mit der Tiefe und Haftstellendichte zunimmt, wahrend die Transportparameter unter Belichtung mit AM 1 (air-mass number 1) drastisch zunimmt.
Differences in the developmental patterns of depression with and without additional somatic symptoms.

Depression accompanied by somatic symptoms (“somatic” depression) has been found to differ from depression without the additional symptoms (“pure” depression) in their gender ratio, their association with measures of perceived gender inequality taken from both respondents and their parents, and in their response to pharmacological treatment. Further evidence of the distinction between the two syndromes might come from differential patterns of development. Data on the annual incidence of new cases of depression exhibited by a representative sample of respondents aged 12–19 came from the National household survey on drug use and health. Between early adolescence (ages 12–14) and late adolescence (ages 15–19), female respondents exhibited a much larger increase in somatic depression than in pure depression. Males did not exhibit the same pattern. These results further support the hypothesis that somatic and pure depressions are two distinct disorders.
An examination of the performance of SEOs using a comparison period approach

Abstract We use an extension of Masulis’ (1980) comparison period approach to evaluate the performance of firms that issued seasoned equity from 1974 to 1992. Our methodology does not require that proxies provide unbiased estimates of expected returns so long as estimators are consistent across time periods. Results reveal that firms’ market-adjusted performance in periods when there was no issue activity is consistently superior to their performance following seasoned offers. This result is stable across ten half-year intervals following offerings and persists across portfolios based on size and book-to-market. However, relatively poor postissue performance is concentrated in high issue volume periods.
Sentiment, emotion, purpose, and style in electoral tweets

We automatically compile a dataset of 2012 US presidential election tweets.We annotate the tweets for sentiment, emotion, style, and purpose.We show that the tweets convey negative emotions twice as often as positive.We describe two automatic systems that predict emotion and purpose in tweets. Social media is playing a growing role in elections world-wide. Thus, automatically analyzing electoral tweets has applications in understanding how public sentiment is shaped, tracking public sentiment and polarization with respect to candidates and issues, understanding the impact of tweets from various entities, etc. Here, for the first time, we automatically annotate a set of 2012 US presidential election tweets for a number of attributes pertaining to sentiment, emotion, purpose, and style by crowdsourcing. Overall, more than 100,000 crowdsourced responses were obtained for 13 questions on emotions, style, and purpose. Additionally, we show through an analysis of these annotations that purpose, even though correlated with emotions, is significantly different. Finally, we describe how we developed automatic classifiers, using features from state-of-the-art sentiment analysis systems, to predict emotion and purpose labels, respectively, in new unseen tweets. These experiments establish baseline results for automatic systems on this new data.
Coulomb excitation of 75As

Abstract Coulomb excitation of 75As has been effected with 3.5–8.1 MeV alpha articles and 36–38 MeV oxygen ions. The resulting gamma rays were measured with NaI crystals and lithium-drifted germanium detectors. From the gamma-ray energies and yields as determined from singles and gamma-gamma coincidence spectra and from gamma-ray angular distributions, information has been deduced about the properties of eight levels and the gamma rays deexciting them. The energies in keV, the B(E2)ex values in units of e2fm4 and the spins for the odd-parity levels are 198.6±0.1, 161±14, 1 2 ; 264.7±0.3, 47±5, 3 2 ; 279.6±0.3, 448±40, 5 2 ; 468.8±0.4, 33 ±3, 1 2 ; 572.3±0.2, 730±70, 5 2 ; 617.7±0.6, 10.8±2.6, ( 1 2 , 3 2 ) and 821.8±0.2, 1070±100, 7 2 . The B(M1) values for the gamma rays ranged from to 0.19 X (e h z.xl; /2Mc) 2 . There was evidence that the even-parity state at 401 keV was populated by E3 Coulomb excitation. The B(E3) is (385±130) e2fm6 or (1.2) times the single-particle estmate. This gives a value of 1.6×105 for the E1 to E3 radiative admixture for the 401 keV gamma ray.
Effect of Thermal Property Variation on Surface Grooving

Carbon-carbon composites are used as friction materials because of their exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. In particular, carbon fibers offer high specific stiffness and high thermal diffusivity along the fiber axis. However, it was observed that after being subjected to the braking process, especially after rapid deceleration, the friction surfaces across the rubbing tracks become very wavy. These grooves alter the contact characteristics at the sliding interface and may reduce the friction performance. During the rubbing process, a sliding surface is damaged. In this paper, the effect of thermal property variations on the friction surface is presented. Multiple carbon samples were fabricated with different crystallinity distributions and orientations. All experiments were conducted using a Friction Assessment Screening Tester (FAST) under controlled atmospheric conditions. An experiment using a laser beam to provide the temperature variations across the surface was also performed. The results show that the formation of macro-grooves on the friction surface is a function of thermal or/and mechanical property variations, crystallinity distribution and crystallite orientation with a respect to the rubbing direction. However, if the distribution of crystallites is non-uniform, micro-grooves are always observed.
Use and perceived credibility of medication information sources for patients with a rare illness: differences by gender.

Patients with rare illnesses may use medication information sources that are appreciably different from those used by patients with more common illnesses. This article's purpose is to describe vasculitis patients' most frequently used medication information sources, determine which sources patients perceive as credible, and explore gender differences in source use and perceived credibility. Using an online questionnaire, patients (n = 232) indicated how often they obtained medication information from 12 sources during the previous year and rated the credibility of 6 sources. The authors used multivariate analysis of covariance and follow-up contrasts to test for gender differences in source use and conducted t tests to compare patients' perceived credibility ratings. Patients used physicians and the Internet most often to obtain medication information and rated them as the most credible sources. Male patients used their spouse/partner more often and rated them as more credible than did female patients. Fe...
Transcription of tRNA gene fragments by HeLa cell extracts.

Promoter elements for tRNA genes from several eukaryotes have been identified in the coding regions of the DNA. There are two non-contiguous sequences, an A-block or D-control region and a B-block or T-control region, located in the 5′- and 3′-halves of the tRNA sequence respectively. Both sequences are about 12 bp in length and are strongly conserved in all tRNA genes. We and others have recently shown that some tRNA genes from yeast and insects have a third control region located in the 5′-flanking sequences adjacent to tDNA. The tRNA 3 Leu genes from yeast have such a sequence. It is strongly conserved in non-allelic copies of tRNA 3 Leu genes as well as several other yeast tRNA genes. This 5′-flanking sequence is indispensable for transcription of the gene in an in vitro system derived from yeast cells. Further, the transcription apparatus from yeast will recognize and transcribe gene fragments including the 5′-flanking sequence in conjunction with either the A or B-blocks. Neither the 5′-flanking sequence alone nor the A and B-blocks lacking the 5′-flanking region can act as promoters in the yeast system. We have used these tRNA 3 Leu gene fragments to analyze the promoter activity of the three control regions with a Hela cell extract which actively transcribes class III genes. We find that the Hela cell system requires the presence of both A and B-block sequences and is insensitive to 5′-flanking DNA.
Vanishing Species: The Disappearance of Animals from Western Art

A survey of nearly 1700 paintings from seventeen major museums in Europe and North America disclosed a steady decline in the appearance of animals. While 64% of the works from ancient Egypt and Persia contained animal representations, only 15% of the twentieth-century paintings showed animals as either a central or peripheral part of the compositions. These results were essentially replicated in a survey of major art history texts, the illustrations for which were selected for pedagogical reasons rather than popularity. If the “serious” art of various cultural eras is considered to represent prevalent attitudes and concerns, it is clear that a waning of the importance of animals has occurred over the last 2500 years. The gradual separation of religions and the fine arts, and a decrease in the direct contacts between humans and other species are suggested as reasons for this decline of animal subjects in the paintings of the Western world.
SU‐FF‐T‐307: Monte Carlo Modeling of Variable‐Aperture Collimator for Small Animal Radiation Therapy

Purpose:Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to model the beam profiles produced by a two‐stage variable‐aperture collimator installed in a 120 kVp microCT scanner. These simulations will be employed as source models for further Monte Carlo calculation of dose deposition in small animals treated with image‐guidedradiotherapy.Method and Materials: The EGS software package (http://www.irs.inms.nrc.ca/EGSnrc/EGSnrc.html) was used as the simulation engine. A standard spectrum for a 120 kV x‐ray tube as well as the microCT source‐collimator geometry was applied in the calculation. The radiation flux passing through the microCT isocenter plane was compared with experimental data acquired with the collimator set to corresponding aperture sizes. Results: A Monte Carlo computation considering 108 photons from a 120 kVp x‐ray completed in 3 minutes on a 2 GHz computer. A point source model showed that the two stages of 0.97‐cm brass collimator blocks create >99% attenuation, suitable for radiotherapy, with the expected dodecagonal beam profile observed at isocenter. These results were confirmed by direct measurement. A point source model however predicts only 1/3 of the penumbra width in the acquired image. A more sophisticated model considering the 0.3‐mm focal spot size of the x‐ray tube produced beam penumbras that agreed with measurement. In this model for a 1 cm aperture, 0.85% of the total fllux is from scattering, and 70% of the scattering is from the spot area outside the 0.3‐mm diameter. Conclusion:Monte Carlo simulation using the EGS software package can model a collimated kV x‐ray system including the x‐ray source and a newly developed two‐stage variable‐aperture collimator. In a reasonable computation time this model provides an accurate estimate of the output of the system that will be critical in performing dosimetric calculations and further developing the functionality of this small animalradiotherapy system.
Statistical machine learning for network intrusion detection: a data quality perspective

In this paper, we present our research in applying statistical machine learning methods for network intrusion detection. With the advent of online distributed services, the issue of preventing network intrusion and other forms of information security failures is gaining prominence. In this work, we use two different algorithms for classification (decision trees and naive Bayes classifier) to build predictive models capable of distinguishing between 'bad' TCP/IP connections, called intrusions attacks, and 'good' normal TCP/IP connections. We investigate the effect of training the models using both clean and dirty data. The goal is to analyse the predictive power of network intrusion classification models trained with data of varying quality. The classifiers are contrasted with a clustering-based approach for comparison purposes.
Cryogenic material properties of stainless steel tube-to-flange welds

Abstract The mechanical properties of stainless steel tube-to-flange welds for a cryogenic piping application were measured. A planar specimen was developed to duplicate the constraint, loading and heat-sink properties of the circular joint, while reducing preparation time and cost. Specimens were evaluated containing welds between the tube material (21 Cr-6Ni-9Mn) and the three stainless steels being considered for the flange materials: type 304L, type 316L and 21 Cr-6Ni-9Mn. The mechanical property tests consisted of three phases: simple tensile testing to failure, tensile testing of notched specimens (where the notch simulated fabrication flaws) and fatigue testing of notched specimens for the 4 × 104 cycle design life of the structure. The type 316L stainless steel flange produced welds with the best combination of strength and ductility at 295 and 4 K in all three phases of testing.
Percutaneous tendo Achillis lengthening

Abstract A series of 27 ankles in children with spastic equinus were treated by percutaneous tendon Achillis lengthening. The mean admission was 2.1 days and 100% obtained improvement. There were no complications. Percutaneous lengthening is a safe and effective procedure in a District General Hospital.
Learning to Write IEPs: A Personalized, Reflective Approach for Preservice Teachers

The Individualized Educational Program (IEP) is the foundation of instruction for individuals with disabilities. Therefore, learning to write and attach meaning to these documents is critical for preservice teachers. This article explores an approach to teaching IEPs during teacher preparation, which encourages preservice teachers to view the IEP as a relevant, purposeful document; reflect on their own learning styles; and consider the impact of the IEP on the learner. Implications for using this approach in teacher education programs are discussed.
Treatment of Speech and Voice Disorders With Botulinum Toxin

SELECTED CASE A 37-YEAR-OLD woman presented to the Speech and Voice Unit of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, with a 5-year history of a voice disorder of unknown etiology. The disorder began after an upper respiratory infection, when she developed hoarseness that persisted for several weeks. Indirect laryngoscopy 1 month after onset revealed no abnormalities: the vocal folds appeared normal and moved symmetrically. The symptoms progressed during the succeeding months; her voice became difficult to control, with frequent pitch and voice breaks. Speech therapy provided no lasting benefit. Because she had been undergoing a divorce and had a stressful job, her physician suggested psychological counseling. She discontinued counseling after a 3-month trial afforded no benefit. The symptoms progressed during the next 2 years and then stabilized, sometimes aggravated by stress and voice use. During the next few years she sought relief with hypnosis, acupuncture, and various medications, including
Subcortical multiple unit activity and plasma levels of prolactin and LH during strychninization of the cerebral cortex in the female rat.

SummaryUnder urethane anesthesia the application of 2% strychnine sulfate to the cerebral cortex of female rats induced seizure activity. Multiple unit electrical activity recorded simultaneously from the medial preoptic area and basal hypothalamus showed significant changes only when the amplitude of the tonic EEG activity rose or fell. This suggests that tonic cortical activity is the crucial factor relating EEG events with preoptic or hypothalamic MUA during cortical strychninization. Plasma prolactin and LH levels in PMS-hCG and OVX-E2-P treated animals were not modified by the application of strychnine to the cerebral cortex. The results suggest that spreading depression is a more potent influence on pituitary function by virtue of its demonstrated effects on subcortical activity in preoptic and hypothalamic areas.
Codes and Standards Resource for Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities

The CREATE Codes and Standards Resource for semiconductor facility design, construction, and commissioning is an effort to compile all codes and standards relevant to the semiconductor industry. The CREATE Codes and Standards Resource is designed to easily guide the semiconductor EHS professional through the various codes, standards, and specifications that have a direct impact on the facilities, both in the operations and on the individuals. Links to other known resources, as well as topics that should be considered from an EHS standpoint, are available in a web-based portal for ease of access and for dissemination of the data.
Microsyntheses with tracer elements. XIV. Synthesis of methyl-C14 iodide

Abstract A method for the preparation of C14 methyl iodide in a manner not requiring a vacuum system has been described. The procedure gives yields of 95–100%.
Measurement of the Propagation Velocity of Pulse Wave Generated by Ultrasound in Arteries

Arterial wall stiffness can be associated with various diseases. The stiffness of an artery can be assessed by measurement of the pulse wave velocity (PWV). Usually, PWV is estimated using the foot-to-foot method. However, the foot of the pressure wave is not very clear due to reflected waves. Also, the blood pressure wave generated by the heart is normally a low frequency wave, hence the time resolution is low. PWV is an average indicator of artery stiffness between two measuring locations, therefore, it is not easy to identify local stiffness. In this paper a short external pulse is generated in an artery by the radiation force of ultrasound. The propagation velocity of the pulse wave is measured along the artery. The temporal resolution of this method, which is in the range of microseconds, is much higher than the conventional pressure PWV method, and therefore allows the wave velocity to be measured accurately over a few millimeters.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Cigarette smoking and leukemia.

THE REPORT of the Surgeon General of the United States cites cigarette smoking as a major cause of cancers of the lung, larynx, oral cavity, and esophagus, and as a contributory factor in the etiology of cancers of the bladder, kidney, and pancreas [ 11. It is also indicated in this report that cigarette smoking may be related to stomach and cervical cancer. Leukemia is not considered a tobacco-related cancer, although the report mentions that several epidemiologic studies have reported higher leukemia risks among smokers compared with non-smokers [2]. This evidence was judged inconclusive because no dose-response relationship between leukemia mortality and the amount smoked was found in these studies. This paper reviews briefly the epidemiologic evidence pertinent to an evaluation of the relationship between cigarette smoking and leukemia and suggests strategies for the further evaluation of this relationship.
A Byzantine Argument for the Equivalence of All Religions: Michael Attaleiates on Ancient and Modern Romans*

This paper examines a comparison made by the eleventh-century Byzantine historian Michael Attaleiates between the ancient Romans of the Republic and their descendants, the Byzantines of Attaleiates' own time. In an effort to explain, during the course of a theological argument, why the ancients were victorious despite being pagans while the Byzantines were losing despite being Christians, Attaleiates draws surprising con clusions. Arguing "between the lines/' he suggests that all religions aire equivalent in certain fundamental respects. It is in human virtue that one must trust for victory, and God does not care about our exact theological beliefs. The paper also considers one aspect of the reception of the Roman tradition in Byzantium (a civilization usually cast in terms of its Greek and Christian legacy), arguing that the Republic remained an im portant source of inspiration.
An examination of the effect of six types of error perturbation on fifteen clustering algorithms

An evaluation of several clustering methods was conducted. Artificial clusters which exhibited the properties of internal cohesion and external isolation were constructed. The true cluster structure was subsequently hidden by six types of error-perturbation. The results indicated that the hierarchical methods were differentially sensitive to the type of error perturbation. In addition, generally poor recovery performance was obtained when random seed points were used to start theK-means algorithms. However, two alternative starting procedures for the nonhierarchical methods produced greatly enhanced cluster recovery and were found to be robust with respect to all of the types of error examined.
Characterization of antibody to human phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol acyltransferase.

Abstract Purified preparations of phosphatidylcholine(lecithin):cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) were injected into goats to produce antisera reacting with this enzyme. The antisera and the γ-globulin derived therefrom were examined by the technics of immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and immunoinhibition of the enzyme. The antisera gave no precipitation lines with human high density lipoproteins (HDL) and human low density lipoproteins (LDL). A weak antibody titer towards human serum albumin was noted only after prolonged immunization. The enzymatically active band isolated from acrylamide gels gave a single arc in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The γ-globulin derived from the antisera inhibited human phosphatidylcholine:-cholesterol acyltransferase activity.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Ni 61 in Metallic Nickel

The nuclear magnetic resonance of Ni/sup 61/ in unenriched metallic nickel was observed. The results provide the first experimental measure of the internal field at the nucleus in nickel. The resonance occurs at a frequency of 26.02 Mc/sec at room temperature, yielding an estimate of 170 kilogauss for the internal field. (auth)
Logicism, Interpretability, and Knowledge of Arithmetic

A crucial part of the contemporary interest in logicism in the philosophy of mathematics resides in its idea that arithmetical knowledge may be based on logical knowledge. Here an implementation of this idea is considered that holds that knowledge of arithmetical principles may be based on two things: (i) knowledge of logical principles and (ii) knowledge that the arithmetical principles are representable in the logical principles. The notions of representation considered here are related to theory-based and structure- based notions of representation from contemporary mathematical logic. It is argued that the theory-based versions of such logicism are either too liberal (the plethora problem) or are committed to intuitively incorrect closure conditions (the consistency problem). Structure-based versions must on the other hand respond to a charge of begging the question (the circularity problem) or explain how one may have a knowledge of structure in advance of a knowledge of axioms (the signature problem). This discussion is signicant because it gives us a better idea of what a notion of representation must look like if it is to aid in realizing some of the traditional epistemic aims of logicism in the philosophy of mathematics.
Depression screening optimization in an academic rural setting

– Primary care plays a critical role in screening and management of depression. The purpose of this paper is to focus on leveraging the electronic health record (EHR) as well as work flow redesign to improve the efficiency and reliability of the process of depression screening in two adult primary care clinics of a rural academic institution in USA. , – The authors utilized various process improvement tools from lean six sigma methodology including project charter, swim lane process maps, critical to quality tree, process control charts, fishbone diagrams, frequency impact matrix, mistake proofing and monitoring plan in Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control format. Interventions included change in depression screening tool, optimization of data entry in EHR. EHR data entry optimization; follow up of positive screen, staff training and EHR redesign. , – Depression screening rate for office-based primary care visits improved from 17.0 percent at baseline to 75.9 percent in the post-intervention control phase (p < 0.001). Follow up of positive depression screen with Patient History Questionnaire-9 data collection remained above 90 percent. Duplication of depression screening increased from 0.6 percent initially to 11.7 percent and then decreased to 4.7 percent after optimization of data entry by patients and flow staff. , – Impact of interventions on clinical outcomes could not be evaluated. , – Successful implementation, sustainability and revision of a process improvement initiative to facilitate screening, follow up and management of depression in primary care requires accounting for voice of the process (performance metrics), system limitations and voice of the customer (staff and patients) to overcome various system, customer and human resource constraints.