cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delay Performance of Scheduling with Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

In-network aggregation has become a promising technique for improving the energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks. Aggregating data at various nodes in the network results in a reduction in the amount of bits transmitted over the network, and hence, saves energy. In this paper, we focus on another important aspect of aggregation, i.e., delay performance. In conjunction with link scheduling, in-network aggregation can reduce the delay by lessening the demands for wireless resources and thus expediting data transmissions. We formulate the problem that minimizes the sum delay of sensed data, and analyze the performance of optimal scheduling with in-network aggregation in tree networks under the node-exclusive interference model. We provide a system wide lower bound on the delay and use it as a benchmark for evaluating different scheduling policies. We numerically evaluate the performance of myopic and non-myopic scheduling policies, where myopic one considers only the current system state for a scheduling decision while non-myopic one simulates future system states. We show that the one-step non-myopic policies can substantially improve the delay performance. In particular, the proposed non-myopic greedy scheduling achieves a good tradeoff between performance and implementability.
Localized-state interactions in metal-oxide-semiconductor tunnel diodes

We report on the study of large two-level, low-frequency resistance fluctuations in 1-\ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ metal-oxide-silicon tunnel diodes, which are due to the strongly correlated emptying and filling of ensembles or clusters of interacting localized states in the oxide. The interaction mechanism is attributed to ionic forces in the strained oxide. It can give rise to complex structure in the switching noise and, under strong electrical stress, can result in the breaking of oxide bonds by the collective action of localized states.
Primary prevention and the executive branch of the Federal government

Abstract The scope and nature of primary prevention programs conducted or supported by the Executive branch of the Federal government are examined using a broad
Isolation and characterization of a chaperonin-60 gene of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

Abstract We report the isolation and sequence of genomic clones encoding a chaperonin 60 gene from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum . The gene contains a single intron of 868 nucleotides, the largest yet identified in this organism. The reading frame encodes a product with a predicted length of 719 amino acid residues (81.6 kDa), which is considerably longer than any chaperonin 60 protein sequenced to date, revealing good identity with other chaperonin 60 proteins. There is a putative mitochondrial signal peptide and an unusually long carboxy terminus composed almost entirely of glutamic and aspartic acid residues. The gene was located on chromosome 12, and a 4-kb transcript was identified.
The moderating role of negative urgency on the prospective association between dietary restraint and binge eating

It is well documented that negative urgency, a personality trait characterized by a tendency to act impulsively in the face of negative emotions, and dietary restraint independently increase risk to binge eat; however, it is unclear how these factors interact to alter risk for such behavior. It may be that individuals high on negative urgency, who also engage in dietary restraint, are at a greater risk to binge eat than individuals low on negative urgency. Accordingly, we sought to investigate whether negative urgency moderated the prospective association between dietary restraint and binge eating frequency among a sample of college women. We hypothesized that women who engaged in dietary restraint would report higher binge eating frequencies across the first semester of college and that this effect would be strengthened among individuals higher on negative urgency. Results indicated that negative urgency moderated the prospective association between dietary restraint and binge eating frequency. This effect was found to be "protective but reactive," such that low levels of dietary restraint protected against binge eating frequency at low to moderate levels of negative urgency, but this buffering effect was lost at high levels of negative urgency where binge eating frequency was equal across all levels of dietary restraint. These findings demonstrate that negative urgency and dietary restraint interact to differentially alter risk for binge eating frequency, and individuals high on negative urgency are at the greatest risk to engage in more frequent binge eating regardless of level of dietary restraint.
Antigen recognition and antibody specificity. Carrier specificity and genetic control of anti-dinitrophenyl-oligolysine antibody.

The exact specifiicity of anti-DNP antibody produced by Hartley guinea pigs immunized with a series of defined α,DNP and e,DNP-oligolysines was studied by fluorescence quenching. All responder animals made anti-DNP antibody which recognized the precise chain length, ± 1 lysyl residue, of the DNP-oligolysines used to induce the immune response as measured by an increase in binding energy (–ΔF°) for that antigen. The ability of the immune system to detect the smallest possible change in oligolysine chain length suggests that the anti-hapten antibody-forming cell possesses a highly specific recognition system for carrier conformation. When DNP-oligolysines are incorporated in an adjuvant containing M. tuberculosis H37Rv, both responder and nonresponder produce anti-DNP antibody, but only the responder develops delayed skin sensitivity. In addition to their failure to develop delayed hypersensitivity, nonresponders produced anti-DNP oligolysine antibody which did not show the increase in –ΔF° for the immunizing antigen characteristic of responder antibody. These observations support a local environment hypothesis for antigen recognition at the level of the anti-hapten antibody-forming cell and suggest that the polylysine gene exerts its control at the same cell.
Effective Parental Influence: Academic home climate linked to children's achievement

What constitutes effective parenting? An international consensus has evolved that effective parenting makes important contributions to children's achievement. But the fundamental question is what constitutes effective parenting. Most of the research that has been done in answering this question has been done within existing school frameworks inside the educational bureaucracy. We answer this question by taking a different tact. We conducted international qualitative/quantitative studies directly with families of high-achieving gifted children. These studies were conducted in Scandinavian, European, and Asian countries, as well as in the USA. All of this work found that effective parents develop Academic Home Climates. Children prosper when these Academic Home Climates mesh with the academic climates found in their schools. This article illustrates our cross-cultural methods and shows how the Academic Home Climate generates a series of beliefs, attitudes, and motivations that lead to higher achievement.
Factoring operators through Hilbert space

We give an example of a pair of Banach spacesE andF so that neitherE′ norF has cotype 2, but every bounded linear operator fromE intoF factors through Hilbert space.
On the use of “small external fields” in the problem of symmetry breakdown in statistical mechanics☆

Abstract We study the infinite system equilibrium states in the statistical mechanics of classical lattice gases. We show that breakdown of the translation invariance occurs if and only if the derivative dP(Φ + λΨ) dλ is discontinuous at λ = 0 for some Ψ. In this formula, P is the pressure, Φ the translation invariant interaction of the system, and Ψ a “small external field” from a suitable class of nontranslation invariant interactions. In an appendix we show that an Ising ferromagnet in a nonvanishing magnetic field has only one equilibrium state.
Vegetation Change and Park Purposes in the High Elevations of Yosemite National Park, California

Abstract Vegetation changes over the past 80 years in the high elevations of Yosemite National Park were identified with 59 scenes originally photographed at the turn of the century and rephotographed in 1984 and 1985. The resulting photo pairs suggest that (1) krummholz has increased in height and density (2) forests at the upper forest line have increased in density (3) meadows have been invaded by trees (4) local patches of thin forest have increased in density and (5) trees on many domes and rock slopes have increased in number. Fire suppression, climatic fluctuations, and livestock grazing are explored as possible causes of the changes. Management programs to reverse such vegetation changes caused by modern humans are evaluated in terms of the purposes of national parks. I argue that these purposes are best met by recognizing the legitimacy of both ecological goals, which may be furthered by managing the vegetation intensively, and humanistic goals, which may be served by maintaining a landscape free...
Tumor necrosis factor-α suppresses angiotensinogen expression through formation of a p50/p50 homodimer in human renal proximal tubular cells

Angiotensinogen (AGT) expression in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) and intrarenal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels are increased in hypertension and renal diseases However, the contribution of TNF-α to AGT expression in RPTCs has not been established. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine influence of TNF-α on AGT expression in RPTCs. Human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells, immortalized human RPTCs, were treated with several concentrations of TNF-α up to 24 h. AGT mRNA and protein expression were evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by TNF-α was evaluated by Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). TNF-α suppressed AGT mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Maximum AGT mRNA reduction was caused by 40 ng/ml of TNF-α (0.52 ± 0.09, ratio to control, at 24 h) and at 24 h (0.66 ± 0.05, ratio to control, by 10 ng/ml TNF-α). TNF-α reduced AGT protein accumulation in the medium between 8 and 24 h (0.62 ± 0.13 by 40 ng/ml TNF-α, ratio to control). TNF-α activated and induced translocalization of p50 and p65, which are NF-κB subunits. Elevated formation of p50/p65 and p50/p50 dimers by TNF-α were observed by EMSA and supershift assay. Gene silencing of p50, but not p65, attenuated the effect of TNF-α on reduction of AGT expression in RPTCs. These results indicate that TNF-α suppresses AGT expression through p50/p50 homodimer formation in human RPTCs, suggesting a possible counteracting mechanism that limits excessive intrarenal AGT production.
Characteristics of effective clinical teachers identified by dental students: a qualitative study

This qualitative research study identified criteria for clinical teacher quality preferences as perceived by dental students. Third and fourth year dental students at New York University College of Dentistry were given a two question, open-ended survey asking what qualities they liked most and least in a clinical teacher. Responses were collected until data saturation was achieved. A total of 157 respondents provided a total of 995 written comments. Descriptive words within the responses were coded and grouped into key words, according to similar relationships, and further refined into 17 defined categories. Three core themes, Character, Competence and Communication, emerged from these 17 categories, which were validated according to specific references found in the existing educational literature. 'Character' comprised nine of the 17 defined categories: (caring, motivation, empathy, patience, professionalism, available, fairness, happiness, patient-centred) and yielded 59.1% of total student responses; 'Competence' consisted of five categories: knowledgeable, expertise, efficient, skilful, effective (29.2%); and 'Communication' represented the remaining three categories: feedback, approachable and interpersonal communication (11.7%). Positive and negative responses related to the defined category of caring were cited by 59.2% of all students. Motivation was the next highest category, cited by 45.9% of students. Non-cognitive attributes, especially those in the Character theme, comprised the majority of student comments. Because students' perceptions are so critical to understanding clinical teaching effectiveness in dental education, these findings can be used to develop assessments to measure clinical teaching effectiveness, to create criteria for the hiring and promotion of clinical faculty and to plan faculty development programming.
The crystal structure of a septanose derived from levoglucosenone

Abstract A single-crystal, X-ray diffraction study was performed on a septanose 1 (C 11 H 16 O 5 ) derived from levoglucosenone. The crystals are monoclinic, with unit-cell parameters of a = 1054.5, b = 832.4, c = 597.3 pm, β = 83.53°, space group P2 1 , and z = 2. The structure was solved by direct methods, and refined by least squares to R = 0.035. The septanose ring adopts a boat conformation, with a furanoid and one cyclopentane ring in twist conformations, and another cyclopentane ring in an envelope conformation.
The local and global unfolding of coiled‐coil tropomyosin

The thermal unfolding of a two-stranded α-helical coiled coil of tropomyosin was studied using circular dichroism and excimer fluorescence of N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide-labeled tropomyosin. Tropomyosin unfolds with two transitions, namely local and global unfolding at high salt (greater than 0.1 M NaCl) and pH 7.5. The local unfolding was masked by the global unfolding at low salt (less than 0.1 M NaCl), at high pH (greater than pH 9.0), and in the presence of methanol, where the global unfolding temperature was similar to or lower than the local unfolding temperature. The local and global unfolding are different in nature. A comparison of the helix thermal unfolding of N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide–tropomyosin with unlabeled tropomyosin showed that tropomyosin had an inherent less-stable region, when Cys190. was N-(l-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide-labeled, disulfide cross-linked, or reduced. Instead, the chemical state of Cys190, determined the stability of the local unfolding region, because a strain created by the disulfide cross-link or the pyrene/pyrene interaction decreases the stability of the local unfolding region. Thus, these data show that the excimer fluorescence of N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide-labeled tropomyosin is useful for studying the local and global unfolding of tropomyosin.
Caspase activation may be associated with Mycobacterium avium pathogenicity.

Abstract Background M ycobacterium avium causes disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients and triggers a process resembling Crohn's disease in goats. Colony morphotypes predict pathogenicity. Smooth-transparent (SmT) morphotypes are more virulent and induce less interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production than avirulent smooth-domed (SmD) morphotypes. Caspases are essential for IL-1β and IL-18 production. Methods Caspase activation was examined in human monocytes after M. avium infection. Results Fresh monocytes constitutively expressed caspase-1 mRNA and pro-caspase-1. The M. avium infection increased monocyte caspase-1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, SmD-infected monocytes expressed 2.3-fold higher levels ( P P P Conclusions Decreased mature IL-1β release by SmT-infected monocytes may reflect selective induction of caspase-1 activity but not caspase-3. Differential caspase expression in monocytes after infection may contribute to M. avium pathogenicity in humans.
Exciton Regeneration Dynamics in Model Donor-Acceptor Polymer Heterojunctions

We present a theoretical investigation on various semiconducting materials that exhibit photovoltaic and photoluminecent properties. Our focus is on the relaxation dynamics that occur upon photoexcitation of a couple of type II donor−acceptor heterojunction systems. In addition to the diabatic approach our two-band exciton model employs to study the phonon-assisted relaxations, we adopt the Marcus−Hush semiclassical method to incorporate lattice reorganization. This enables us to look at the state-to-state interconversions from the relaxed excited-state configurations in model polymer blends of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine) (TFB) with poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) (PFB) with F8BT. Our results stress the significance of vibrational relaxation in the state-to-state relaxation. Furthermore, while a tightly bound charge-transfer state (exciplex) remains the lowest e...
Chemical Approach to Control Morphology of Coke Produced in Delayed Coking

Air oxidation of vacuum resid delayed coker feeds promotes the formation of anisotropic shot coke. The combination of the microcarbon residue test (MCRT) on a feed to the delayed coker followed by ...
Low tryptophan levels are associated with postoperative delirium in the elderly.

Abstract Background Postoperative delirium is a common complication in geriatric patients. Tryptophan is an amino acid precursor to the mood-stabilizing neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin. We hypothesized that tryptophan levels are lower in elderly subjects who develop postoperative delirium. Methods A prospective observational study was performed. Subjects older than 50 years undergoing surgery with an anticipated postoperative intensive care unit admission were recruited. Postoperative delirium assessment occurred daily using the Confusion Assessment Method–intensive care unit. Peripheral serum tryptophan levels were measured 2 days after surgery. Results Forty-nine subjects (46 men) were enrolled, with an average age of 64 ± 7 years. The incidence of delirium was 43% (21 of 49). The average duration of delirium was 2.9 ± 3.0 days. Tryptophan levels were lower in the subjects who developed delirium (29.9 ± 13.3 vs 48.5 ± 19.8 μg/mL; P = .001). Conclusions Lower levels of tryptophan postoperatively were associated with the development of delirium in the elderly.
Effect of design and operating parameters on the performance of two-bed sorption heat pump systems

The effect of design and operating parameters on the performance of closed-cycle, two-bed sorption heat pump systems were investigated. The parameters studied in this paper included the effects of bed switching frequency (i.e., the switching speed), the sorbent bed NTU (Number of Transfer Units), the thermal resistance within the sorbent, the contact resistance between the sorbent and the tube wall of the heat transfer fluid, the fraction of inert mass within the sorbent bed heat exchanger, and the amount of fluid resident within the heat exchanger. The results show that the performance of a sorption heat pump system is extremely sensitive to the switching speed. In fact, the value of the switching speed that optimizes the COP is different from the value that optimizes the overall cooling capacity. Such a performance characteristic allows the design of multispeed sorbent bed heat pumps to be operated in such a way to follow the load while still maximizing the system COP. However, operation of the system at switching speeds away from the optimum values can cause a dramatic deterioration in system performance.
R-commutative geometry and quantization of Poisson algebras

Abstract An r -commutative algebra is an algebra A equipped with a Yang-Baxter operator R : A ⊗ A → A ⊗ A satisfying m = mR , where m : A ⊗ A → A is the multiplication map, together with the compatibility conditions R ( a ⊗ 1) = 1 ⊗ a , R (1 ⊗ a ) = a ⊗ 1, R (id ⊗ m ) = ( m ⊗ id) R 2 R 1 , and R ( m ⊗ id) = (id ⊗ m ) R 1 R 2 . The basic notions of differential geometry extend from commutative (or supercommutative) algebras to r -commutative algebras. Examples of r -commutative algebras obtained by quantization of Poisson algebras include the Weyl algebra, noncommutative tori, quantum groups, and certain quantum vector spaces. In many of these cases the r -commutative de Rham cohomology is stable under quantization.
The effects of austenitization temperature on the high temperature ductility of Fe-P-S Alloys

The tensile ductility of high purity iron, containing 20 wt ppm S and 40 to 280 wt ppm P, was measured at 700 °C after austenitization at various temperatures. All samples were cooled from the austenitization temperature and reheated to the test temperature in the same way. The shape of the ductility (as measured by percent reduction of area at fracture) vs austenitization temperature curve was found to depend strongly on phosphorus levels: For 40 wt ppm P a deep ductility minimum, caused by grain boundary cavitation and intergranular failure, was found after austenitizing at 1100 °C; for 180 wt ppm P a less pronounced minimum was found; but for 220 and 280 wt ppm P the minimum disappeared completely and the samples showed 95 pct or greater ductility and necked almost to a point. It is proposed that the low ductilities and intergranular failure in the low P samples are caused by the segregation of S to oxide-ferrite interfaces in the grain boundaries, resulting in a weakened interface and easy cavity nucleation. The cavitation decreases for austenitization treatments above 1100 °C because of desorption of S from the boundaries. No mechanism is proposed for austenitization temperatures below 1100 °C. It is suggested that P additions improve the ductility by competing with S for sites on the oxide-ferrite interface, thereby reducing the amount of segregated S.
Correlates of Unwarranted Confidence in Responses to Objective Test Items.

Investigated were the effects of several variables on the expression of unwarranted confidence in the accuracy of responses to objective test items. A final examination was administered to 72 subjects under confidence-weighting instructions with two levels of penalty for incorrect responses. A 2-way ANOVA revealed no significant main effects or interaction attributable to level of penalty or sex. Although increased penalty level had no effect on confidence-expression, the test's reliability decreased from .85 to .39, and the correlation between conventional and weighted scores dropped from .88 to .095.
Between the Summit and the Sea: Central Veracruz in the Nineteenth Century

Between the Summit and the Sea: Central Veracruz in the Nineteenth Century. Alfred H. Siemens. Vancover: University of British Columbia Press, 1990. 234 pp. $39.95 (cloth). ISBN 0–7748–0354–1.
Determinants of cross-national knowledge transfer and its effect on firm innovation

This study examines the determinants of international knowledge flow. From a resource-based perspective, it evaluates the impact of cross-national knowledge transfer on firm innovative performance. Based on 56,027 US patents owned by 53 selected firms in the US-based pharmaceutical industry, the results suggest that innovative performance is a curvilinear function of the international knowledge content used by a firm to innovate. As hypothesized, it was found that at (1) low and moderate levels of international knowledge content, a firm's strategy to transfer international knowledge improves its innovative performance, and at (2) higher levels of international knowledge content, there are diminishing marginal returns to transferring knowledge from overseas.
The effect of source feedback on GaAs MESFET circuit models

The effect of source feedback in a GaAa MESFET is studied by absorbing this feedback into the remainder of the circuit model. The behaviour of the perturbed or new circuit elements is found analytically and numerical results are obtained. Implications of this analysis regarding the determination of circuit element values from s-parameter data are discussed. It is found that care must be exercised in the selection of a lumped constant element circuit model, this caveat being especially important at millimetre wove frequencies.
Simple CAD Construction and its Applications

This paper presents a method for the simplification of truth-invariant cylindrical algebraic decompositions (CADs). Examples are given that demonstrate the usefulness of the method in speeding up the solution formula construction phase of the CAD-based quantifier elimination algorithm. Applications of the method to the construction of truth-invariant CADs for very large quantifier-free formulas and quantifier elimination of non-prenex formulas are also discussed.
Cytoplasmic unsaturated free fatty acids inhibit ATP-dependent gating of the G protein-gated K(+) channel.

This study reports the identification of an endogenous inhibitor of the G protein–gated (KACh) channel and its effect on the KACh channel kinetics. In the presence of acetylcholine in the pipette, KACh channels in inside-out atrial patches were activated by applying GTP to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. In these patches, addition of physiological concentration of intracellular ATP (4 mM) upregulated KACh channel activity approximately fivefold and induced long-lived openings. However, such ATP-dependent gating is normally not observed in cell-attached patches, indicating that an endogenous substance that inhibits the ATP effect is present in the cell. We searched for such an inhibitor in the cell. ATP-dependent gating of the KACh channel was inhibited by the addition of the cytosolic fraction of rat atrial or brain tissues. The lipid component of the cytosolic fraction was found to contain the inhibitory activity. To identify the lipid inhibitor, we tested the effect of ∼40 different lipid molecules. Among the lipids tested, only unsaturated free fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids (0.2–2 μM) reversibly inhibited the ATP-dependent gating of native KACh channels in atrial cells and hippocampal neurons, and of recombinant KACh channels (GIRK1/4 and GIRK1/2) expressed in oocytes. Unsaturated free fatty acids also inhibited phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-induced changes in KACh channel kinetics but were ineffective against ATP-activated background K1 channels and PIP2-activated KATP channels. These results show that during agonist-induced activation, unsaturated free fatty acids in the cytoplasm help to keep the cardiac and neuronal KACh channels downregulated by antagonizing their ATP-dependent gating. The opposing effects of ATP and free fatty acids represent a novel regulatory mechanism for the G protein–gated K+ channel.
Nitroglycerin and nitroprusside increase coronary blood flow in dogs by a mechanism independent of prostaglandin release.

Abstract The hypothesis that local release of vasodilator prostaglandins mediates, in part, the decrease in coronary resistance after nitroglycerin (NG) administration was tested. NG (60 μg/min) and nitroprusside (NP) (30 μg/min) were infused for 10 minutes into the left circumflex coronary artery of 9 open-chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs before and after blockade of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin (5 mg/kg). Also, to eliminate the effects of reflex tachycardia on the responses to NG and NP, these experiments were repeated in 6 dogs with heart rate held constant by pacing. NG infusion into dogs without pacing resulted in a maximal increase in coronary blood flow of 55% and after 8 minutes of infusion an increase of 20%, from a baseline of 57 ml/min. NP infusion resulted in a maximal increase in blood flow of 89% and after 8 minutes an increase of 71%, from a baseline of 64 ml/min. In dogs with heart rate held constant, NG infusion caused a maximal increase in coronary artery blood flow of 132% and after 8 minutes of infusion an increase of 18%, from a baseline of 48 ml/min; NP infusion resulted in increase from 51 ml/min of 132% and 62%, respectively. In neither group of dogs did indomethacin significantly change the increases in coronary blood flow or decreases in coronary resistance to NG or NP. Thus, both NG and NP, when infused into the coronary artery of dogs, cause increases in coronary blood flow and decreases in coronary resistance by a mechanism which is independent of prostaglandin release.
Fabrication of an all-ceramic abutment crown under an existing removable partial denture using CAD/CAM technology.

Fabricating a crown beneath an existing removable partial denture is technique sensitive, difficult, and time consuming. A procedure is described using CAD/CAM technology to fabricate an all-ceramic crown under an existing removable partial denture that is simple, esthetic, and convenient for the patient and the clinician.(J Prosthet Dent 2007;98:478-482)
The computational power of interactive recurrent neural networks

In classical computation, rational-and real-weighted recurrent neural networks were shown to be respectively equivalent to and strictly more powerful than the standard Turing machine model. Here, we study the computational power of recurrent neural networks in a more biologically oriented computational framework, capturing the aspects of sequential interactivity and persistence of memory. In this context, we prove that so-called interactive rational-and real-weighted neural networks show the same computational powers as interactive Turing machines and interactive Turing machines with advice, respectively. A mathematical characterization of each of these computational powers is also provided. It follows from these results that interactive real-weighted neural networks can perform uncountably many more translations of information than interactive Turing machines, making them capable of super-Turing capabilities.
THE TREATMENT OF A CASE OF IMPOTENCE WITH A COMBINATION OF PITUITARY GONADOTROPIN AND TESTOSTERONE

THE TREATMENT of non-hypogonadal impotence in the male with testosterone has given in-consistent results. Success has been reported by Miller, Hubert and Hamilton (1) and Thomas and Hill (2) while failure has been noted by Rennie, Vest and Howard (3) and Pool, Cook and Kepler (4). Carmichael, Noonan and Kenyon (5) observed relief from impotence in seven of eighteen patients but concluded it was probably due to psychological factors. Psychological bias does not seem to explain the difference in achievement because in all groups bland solutions were used as control material. The possibility is presented, therefore, that in some instances it may be necessary to supplement the gonadal material with other hormones before the dysfunction can be corrected. In the case herein reported success was reached by the use of a combination of pituitary and gonadal hormones.
Respiratory motor function in individuals with centronuclear myopathies.

Introduction: Individuals with X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) and other centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) frequently have profound respiratory insufficiency that requires support early in life. Still, few quantitative data exist to characterize respiratory motor function in CNM. Methods: We evaluated the reliance upon mechanical ventilation (MV), ventilatory kinematics, unassisted tidal volumes, and maximal respiratory pressures in 14 individuals with CNMs, including 10 boys with XLMTM. Results: Thirteen participants required full-time, invasive MV. Maximal inspiratory pressures were higher in subjects who breathed unsupported at least 1 hour/day as compared with 24-hour MV users [33.7 (11.9–42.3) vs. 8.4 (6.0–10.9) cm H2O, P < 0.05]. Years of MV dependence correlated significantly with MEP (r = −0.715, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Respiratory function in CNMs may be related to deconditioning from prolonged MV and/or differences in residual respiratory muscle strength. Results from this study may assist in evaluating severe respiratory insufficiency in neuromuscular clinical care and research. Muscle Nerve 53: 214–221, 2016
Party alternation, divided government, and fiscal performance within US States

The literature on US state government fiscal performance has examined the role of institutional factors such as budget rules and divided government, but has largely ignored the impact of party alternation. This paper primarily focuses on whether party alternation in the governor’s office affects fiscal performance. Our hypothesis is that frequent party changes create a political environment that impacts fiscal performance. To further assess the impact of party alternation on fiscal performance, we consider our primary hypothesis in conjunction with the degree of division that exists between the governor’s office and the legislature. Using panel data from 37 states between 1971 and 2000 we test the hypothesis that frequent party alternation can be expected to affect fiscal performance and find strong support for the hypothesis.
Pathways to retirement: A career stage analysis of retirement age expectations

In western economies with aging populations, organizations are increasingly challenged to understand and manage employees’ retirement expectations. At the same time, employees’ relationships to retirement decisions and the age at which they expect to retire are likely to change as their careers unfold. This article seeks to inform the careers and management literatures on factors contributing to retirement intentions at different career stages. Using a sample of mid- and late career professionals with MBAs, we find that mid-career professionals expect to retire three years earlier than those in late career (age 62 versus age 65.) Work centrality is associated with intentions to retire later, while positive retirement attitudes and higher income are associated with intentions to retire earlier. Furthermore, the expected retirement age is more sensitive to income at mid-career (than at late career) and is more sensitive to work centrality at late career (than at mid-career). We discuss implications for care...
Optical alignment with computer-generated holograms

Computer generated holograms (CGHs) have been successfully used for wavefront correction for measuring aspheric surfaces. Features on the CGHs have assisted the alignment of the optical test equipment. CGHs can also be used to provide alignment references for other complex optical systems. This paper discusses the types of CGHs that can be used for optical alignment and gives some examples.
Intraparticle effects in char combustion ii steady state analysis

Based on the results of an earlier paper, a model is developed to include the homogeneous reaction in the external boundary layer. It is assumed, consistent with those results, that there is no homogeneous reaction within the particle. A feasibility region is constructed using limiting cases along the lines described there. Under some conditions, the model predicted up to five steady states for a given set of ambient conditions. For large particles, a flame develops in the boundary layer and the main product is CO2. Under such conditions, the reaction locus coincides with the double film model. While for small particles, no flame develops and the major product is CO. The solution is sensitive to the type of radiative interaction which obtains. The combustion rate increases with increase in particle temperature until a certain point, then decreases with further increase in temperature, and eventually turns back and increases again. Such behavior has been observed in some rate measurement experiments. En se basaut sur les resultats obtenus dans un travail anterieur, on a etabli mi modele qui permet de tenir compte d'une reaction homogene dans une couche-limite externe; on suppose, en accord avec ces resultats, que la reaction homogene ne se produit pas a l'interieur de la particule. On a etabli une zone de faisabilite en considerant des cas limites. Dans certaines conditions, le inodele a permis de prevoir jusqu' a cinq regimes stables pour des conditions ambiantes donnees. Dans le cas des grosses particules, une flamme se produit dans la couche-limite et le produit principal est CO2; dans ces conditions, la localisation de la reaction coincide avec les predictions du inodele du double film. Dans le cas des petites particules, il ne se produit aucune flamme et le produit principal est CO. La solution est sensible au type d'interaction radiative qui se produit. La vitesse de combustion augmente avec la temperature des particules jusqu'a un certain point, puis elle decro)t. Dans certains cas, la vitesse peut reaugmenter de nouveau. On a observe ce comportement de la vitesse de combustion dans quelques experiences.
Unexpected Link between Metal Ion Deficiency and Autophagy in Aspergillus fumigatus

Autophagy is the major cellular pathway for bulk degradation of cytosolic material and is required to maintain viability under starvation conditions. To determine the contribution of autophagy to starvation stress responses in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, we disrupted the A. fumigatus atg1 gene, encoding a serine/threonine kinase required for autophagy. The ΔAfatg1 mutant showed abnormal conidiophore development and reduced conidiation, but the defect could be bypassed by increasing the nitrogen content of the medium. When transferred to starvation medium, wild-type hyphae were able to undergo a limited amount of growth, resulting in radial expansion of the colony. In contrast, the ΔAfatg1 mutant was unable to grow under these conditions. However, supplementation of the medium with metal ions rescued the ability of the ΔAfatg1 mutant to grow in the absence of a carbon or nitrogen source. Depleting the medium of cations by using EDTA was sufficient to induce autophagy in wild-type A. fumigatus, even in the presence of abundant carbon and nitrogen, and the ΔAfatg1 mutant was severely growth impaired under these conditions. These findings establish a role for autophagy in the recycling of internal nitrogen sources to support conidiophore development and suggest that autophagy also contributes to the recycling of essential metal ions to sustain hyphal growth when exogenous nutrients are scarce.
Mineral Proximity Influences Protein Unfolding: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Hybrid protein mineral interfaces are found in a number of biological materials and are of significant interest to researchers in the biomedical fields and in materials science and engineering. The study of protein unfolding both experimentally and using molecular dynamics has been undertaken by researchers to understand both biochemical aspects as well as mechanics of structural proteins. However, most of the research has been conducted on individual protein molecules without considering the influence of adjacent mineral. Inspired by the protein mineral interface of biological nanocomposite nacre, the shiny inner layer of seashells, we have conducted a comprehensive study of the role of mineral proximity on the unfolding of proteins. Our previous work has shown that the nanoscale organic phase sandwiched between the mineral aragonite in nacre has extraordinary mechanical properties. The organic phase consists of proteins and polysaccharides. In the current work, we are using steered molecular dynamics techniques to understand the influence of aragonite on a domain commonly found in structural proteins and nacre proteins. This research required the development of CHARMm force field parameters for aragonite to allow us to conduct the interaction studies. Our paper describes the modeling techniques and the results of the simulations with and without mineral proximity. Our results indicate that the mineral has a very significant influence on the unfolding response of the protein domain. Our paper also describes the influence of the mineral on the unfolding mechanisms and specific regions of the protein domain influenced by the mineral. Our work gives an insight into protein behavior at mineral protein interfaces. The work highlights the importance of understanding and modeling molecular interactions at interfaces for accurately predicting the behavior of biological composites.
Case Report Livedo Reticularis in Endocarditis

The peripheral manifestations of bacterial endocarditis are manifold and provide diagnostic clues as to the onset, etiology and potential complications of the disease. Petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, and Osler's nodes are among the more common cutaneous signs of endocarditis thought to be secondary to an allergic vasculitis or, as in the case of Osler's nodes, peripheral emboli. An asymmetric livedo reticularis rash was the initial presentation in a patient we recently treated with peptostreptococcus intermedius endocarditis, a heretofore undescribed dermal sign of endocarditis. Immunofluorescence studies of skin biopsies suggest that a livedo reticular rash may be one of the immune complex vasculitic syndromes associated with endocarditis.
Selective Nitrite Reduction at Heterobimetallic CoMg Complexes

Heme-containing nitrite reductases bind and activate nitrite by a mechanism that is proposed to involve interactions with Bronsted acidic residues in the secondary coordination sphere. To model this functionality using synthetic platforms that incorporate a Lewis acidic site, heterobimetallic CoMg complexes supported by diimine–dioxime ligands are described. The neutral (μ-NO2)CoMg species 3 is synthesized from the [(μ-OAc)(Br)CoMg]+ complex 1 by a sequence of one-electron reduction and ligand substitution reactions. Data are presented for a redox series of nitrite adducts, featuring a conserved μ-(η1-N:η1-O)-NO2 motif, derived from this synthon. Conditions are identified for the proton-induced N–O bond heterolysis of bound NO2– in the most reduced member of this series, affording the [(NO)(Cl)CoMg(H2O)]+ complex 6. Reduction of this complex followed by protonation leads to the evolution of free N2O. On the basis of these stoichiometric reactivity studies, the competence of complex 1 as a NO2– reduction c...
Efficient Six Degree of Freedom Aircraft Trajectory Optimization with Application to Dynamic Soaring

A general and high delity aircraft trajectory optimization framework is presented and used to eciently compute six degree of freedom aircraft trajectories. The approach leverages a compact vortex lattice method where forces and moments are computed as quadratic expressions of the aircraft state and control surface deections. This permits straightforward calculation of gradient information. With analytic gradients the trajectory optimization solution time is cut by well over an order of magnitude as compared to nding gradients numerically. The compact vortex lattice formulation is reviewed and the procedure for calculating its gradients is outlined. This technique is then used for computing optimal dynamic soaring trajectories. The vortex lattice formulation is compared against a stability derivative based aerodynamic model as well a three degree of freedom formulation. The additional capabilities of the compact vortex lattice model are then used to eciently constrain maximum section lift coecients along the aircraft span. Finally, a Pareto optimal curve is presented that illustrates how with virtually no additional required energy, the control eort required to dynamic soar can be cut by almost 70%.
I, E, quest, and fundamentalism as predictors of psychological and spiritual well-being

L'A. montre comment l'attrait social et le fondamentalisme religieux peuvent etre des elements moderateurs des relations entre orientation religieuse et les mesures de sante spirituelle et psychologique. Dans les multiples analyses regressives, la religion intrinseque emerge comme facteur puissant de sante psychospirituelle. Le fondamentalisme ne joue pratiquement aucun role dans le bien-etre spirituel ou psychologique. La quete religieuse n'entre pas en correlation avec le fondamentalisme ou l'attrait social
Dynamic modeling for persistent event-count time series

cycles in international relations. Scholars use event-count models to analyze a wide variety of political science data. For example, the large sets of data on cooperative and conflictual international events often use event-count models (Huang, Kim, and Wu 1992; Sayrs 1992; Volgy and Imwalle 1995). These data have also been analyzed using time-series methods, particularly when transformed into indices of conflict and cooperation that consider the severity of each event and are no longer purely event counts (Goldstein 1991; Goldstein and Freeman 1990; Schneider, Widmer, and Ruloff 1993; Ward and Rajmaira 1992). Other event counts commonly analyzed in international relations include the number of wars (Benoit 1996; Mansfield 1992), militarized interstate disputes (Gowa 1998; Pollins 1996; Senese 1997), or other incidents of conflict and cooperation between states (BrophyBaerman and Conybeare 1994; Eyerman and Hart 1996; Kinsella 1995; Kinsella and Tillema 1995; O'Brien 1996; Fordham 1998a, 1998b; Remmer 1998). Scholars in American politics have also employed event-count models for time-series data to analyze presidential activity (Brace and Hinckley 1993), Federal Reserve decisions (Krause 1994), federal contract awards (Mayer 1995), executive orders (Krause and Cohen 1997), and Supreme Court decisions (Caldeira and Zorn 1998). The same issues confront the smaller number of comparativists using such data (Moore, Lindstrom, and O'Regan 1996).
Estuary Inlet Channel Stabilization Study using a Hydraulic Model

A hydraulic model study was conducted to determine the most feasible means of reducing shoaling into a coastal inlet channel that had been used by loaded Landing Ship Tank (LST) class vessels serving the port of Tan My near Hue, Republic of Vietnam The ultimate objective was to increase the time during which the channel will be open to navigation by improvements in physical configuration An extensive field data acquisition and analysis program was executed to provide basic information for model prototype correlation This incidentally resulted in the re-evaluation of several empirical formulae being used for prediction of littoral transport and of tidal currents The comprehensive field measurements of shoaling in the channel area also permitted the determination of the scale effects on the quantitative results of sediment deposition in the channel and on the time scale of bottom evolution The experiments were conducted systematically in three phases The three-dimensional studies for Phase I and II were conducted using a rigid bed, sand or walnut shell covered (1/250 horizontal and 1/50 vertical scale) hydraulic model of a 15 sq mi ocean-estuary land area Periodic long-crested waves tides tide/river induced currents were simulated in the model Phase I covered qualitative evaluation of nine improvement plans, from which a BEST PLAN," an upshore jetty to protect the existing channel, was selected Phase II covered qualitative and quantitative evaluation of four variants of the "BEST PLAN,' from which the most effective and economical variant was determined To insure reliability of quantitative results, comprehensive experiments were conducted using three different sediments (D50 = 0 41 mm and 0 90 mm, 7 = 1 35 for two types of ground walnut shells and D50 = 0 22 mm, 7 = 2 65 for sands), and three model scaling criteria (Froude Scaling, "Ideal Velocity" Scaling, and Modified Froude/Ideal Velocity Scaling) Phase HI covered two-dimensional model tests, in a 180 foot flume, of the stability characteristics of the proposed rubble mound type jetty on a movable bed The major conclusions of this study include (1) the jetty, as postulated in the BEST PLAN,' would reduce annual maintenance dredging requirements by 74 to 84 percent, (2) a systematic three phase model study such as used in this investigation is most feasible (from a time-consumption viewpoint, use of light weight materials such as ground walnut shells may be more economical than use of natural sands as model material), and (3) use of theory alone in predicting a tune scale for bottom evolution should be approached with caution especially where field data are not readily available.