cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE RELEVANCE OF SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY IN THE PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA

A large body of evidence suggests that persistently high heart rate may be associated with a significant increase in sudden death, myocardial infarction and total mortality. Such deleterious effects may be mediated via neurohumoral activation. Conversely, interventions, such as beta-blockers, that consistently reduce heart rate may reduce sudden death and prolong survival, especially in patients who survive myocardial infarction. Thus, the deleterious effect of antianginal compounds, which may increase heart rate, is especially important in chronic myocardial syndromes as well as in chronic stable angina. In this setting, the evidence is consistent with the belief that antianginal agents that increase heart rate significantly, irrespective of their other properties, may also increase the incidence of myocardial infarction or death, in contrast to agents that induce little or no tachycardic effect or those that produce frankly bradycardic responses. Data discussed in this paper indicate that long acting calcium channel blockers of the dihydropyridine type do not increase heart rate significantly. Their slower onset and offset of action may reflect a lack of neurohumoral activation, recently confirmed in the case of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS). Data from the Nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system Circadian Antiischemic Program (N-CAP) study, summarized herein, confirmed that the GITS formulation produces a minimal increase in heart rate over a period of 24 h. When the compound was given alone or with a beta-blocker, it was highly effective in suppressing symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes of myocardial ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina. These findings have important implications for the treatment of ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina.
Gendering Remittances: Contested Masculinities among Bangladeshi Male Immigrants in New York City

Monir is a 27-year-old cab driver in New York City. In his spare time, he takes classes at Hunter College, where he is currently finishing his last semester before getting his Bachelor’s degree. Like the majority of Bangladeshis who migrate to the US, Monir won a Diversity Visa (DV) through the lottery in 2004 and came directly to New York to live with his aunt and uncle. When asked why and how he decided to come to the US, Monir explains: ‘My family saved money so I can come to the USA and they pay for the visa which cost $500 at that time. That’s how we make the decision when we come to the USA.’ His upper socio-economic status — not an uncommon characteristic for many Bangladeshi immigrants in the US - allowed him to afford migration costs and settlement at his destination. Monir proudly notes that his family ranks high in Bangladeshi society: ‘ my family, they are high status. This is why I can come here.’ He lives in Jackson Heights, ‘the land of the Bengalis,’ a neighbourhood that has seen its Bangladeshi population explode since 1995.
Predicting Team Performance Through Human Behavioral Sensing and Quantitative Workflow Instrumentation

For decades, the social sciences have provided the foundation for the study of humans interacting with systems; however, sparse, qualitative, and often subjective observations can be insufficient in capturing the complex dynamics of modern sociotechnical enterprises. Technical advances in quantitative system-level and physiological instrumentation have made possible greater objective study of human-system interactions, and joint qualitative-quantitative methodologies are being developed to improve human performance characterization. In this paper we detail how these methodologies were applied to assess teams’ abilities to effectively discover information, collaborate, and make risk-informed decisions during serious games. Statistical models of intra-game performance were developed to determine whether behaviors in specific facets of the gameplay workflow were predictive of analytical performance and game outcomes. A study of over seventy instrumented teams revealed that teams who were more effective at face-to-face communication and system interaction performed better at information discovery tasks and had more accurate game decisions.
Rapid Automated Identification of Enterobacteriaceae Directly from Positive Blood Cultures Using the Abbott MS-2

A method for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae from positive blood cultures using the Abbott MS-2 is described. A four- to five-hour direct method gave results that corresponded to API-20E results in 94% of specimens studied. A plate subculture method, requiring one overnight incubation, gave 99% agreement with API.
Risks and benefits of epilepsy surgery in a pediatric population: Consequences for memory and academic skills

We examined benefits and risks for memory and academic functioning associated with epilepsy surgery in a pediatric population. A total of 46 patients with intractable seizures and a single seizure focus were divided into four groups according to focus localization: right temporal, left temporal, frontal, and parietal/occipital region. Pre- and postsurgery performance measures were compared across groups and with a fifth group of patients that had intractable seizures but did not undergo surgery. Both groups with temporal lobe epilepsy showed significant declines in memory test scores, while performance of the group with frontal lobe epilepsy improved. These changes were mirrored in parental reports of everyday memory. Consistent with other pediatric studies, no lateralized material-specific declines in the groups with temporal lobe epilepsy were found. When memory improved, the improvement was associated with decreases in seizure frequency and the number of anticonvulsant medications. Presurgical performance was the best predictor of declines in memory test performance. Deterioration of academic test scores in the group that did not have surgery exemplified a potential risk of living with seizures and antiepilepsy medication.
Host Recognition Responses of Western (Family: Chrysomelidae) Corn Rootworm Larvae to RNA Interference and Bt Corn.

Western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is an important pest of corn whose larvae exhibit particular quantifiable patterns of locomotion after exposure to, and removal from, host roots and nonhost roots. Using EthoVision software, the behavior and locomotion of the western corn rootworm larvae was analyzed to determine the level of host recognition to germinated roots of differing corn hybrids containing either rootworm targeted Bt genes, RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the stack of both Bt and RNAi, or the isoline of these. The behavior of the rootworm larvae indicated a significant host preference response to all corn hybrids (with or without insecticidal traits) compared to the filter paper and oat roots. A weaker host response to the RNAi corn roots was observed in the susceptible larvae when compared to the resistant larvae, but not for the Bt + RNAi vector stack. Additionally, the resistant larvae demonstrated a weaker host response to the isoline corn roots when compared to the susceptible larvae. Although weaker, these host responses were significantly different from those observed in the negative controls, indicating that all hybrids tested do contain the contact cues necessary to elicit a host preference response by both Cry3Bb1-resistant and Cry3Bb1-susceptible larvae that would work to hinder resistance development in refuge in a bag fields.
Effects of Bilingual Tact Instruction for a Child with Communication Disorder

We evaluated the effects of tact training when instruction was presented in English only compared to tact training in a bilingual format (in English and the home language, Portuguese) for a participant diagnosed with a communication disorder. The participant’s parents completed a questionnaire describing his exposure to both languages prior to the start of the study. We also conducted formal language assessments to determine the participant’s preexisting language abilities. An adapted alternating treatment design was used to compare the rate of acquisition in the two training conditions. Results show the participant emitted more correct responses during tact training in English than during the bilingual tact training. Generalization and maintenance of acquired tact responses for stimuli trained in the bilingual condition were greater than for stimuli trained in the English-only condition. These results are discussed with respect to implications for language-training programs for children with language delays and developmental disabilities, and we outline suggestions for future research in this area.
Natural History and the Deep Roots of Resource Management

I stand shivering at the edge of a block of ice roughly the size of Connecticut. The wind blows the coyote fur ruff on my parka hood; I stamp my feet to encourage circulation to my toes. Behind me a vast white plain stretches toward the unseen Brooks Range, while in front the cobalt blue water of the Arctic Ocean shimmers in the golden midnight light. Late May, the sun will not set again until mid-August. Instead, it rolls along the horizon each night, west to east, before arcing back into the sky. I’m perched atop a jumbled mass of icy blocks rumpled up a couple weeks ago by the slow, grinding collision of floating pack ice with the more stable shorefast ice. For a couple days the sea had simply disappeared—replaced by an immense interlocking puzzle of ice. Sure enough, though, the wind shifted direction and pushed the pack ice back out toward the northern horizon. I stand at the edge of this ice cliff, scanning the water intently. This arctic springtime, on the sea ice near Point Barrow, Alaska, yields no flowers. Rather, the movement of animals marks the season of renewal. Seabirds and waterfowl stream past in flocks of tens and hundreds of thousands, all heading toward the bounty of the Mackenzie River delta. My quarry, too, heads in that direction, and for the same purpose—to transform the summer profusion of nutrients and invertebrates into offspring. Bowhead whales have traveled the ragged ice edge along the northern Alaskan coast since before human memory. But in the past few years, scientists and conservationists have become alarmed at the scarcity of bowheads. Local Inuit want to celebrate the spring return of the whales by hunting a few, as they always have. The American government, the world leader in the reform of international whaling laws, finds itself in an awkward political position—caught in the crossfire of two laudable intentions, honoring the traditional subsistence habits of indigenous peoples and saving the most
A Bloom Filter-Based Dual-Layer Routing Scheme in Large-Scale Mobile Networks

The efficiency of inter-domain routing in large-scale mobile network environments is a critical issue, as traditional prefixed addresses may fail due to the dynamic topologies of mobile networks, where devices would be required to maintain massive routing tables. To address this issue, in this paper we leverage the principles of probabilistic data structures in the inter-domain routing scheme, and propose a novel Bloom Filter-based dual-layer inter-domain routing scheme. In particular, we first compare several representative structures and develop a strategy to integrate bloom filters. We then propose our novel Bloom Filter-based dual-layer inter-domain routing scheme. In the design of the routing scheme, we address issues related to the overall space cost and routing loop prevention, and present the corresponding solutions. We also present detailed descriptions of the structures and algorithms in our routing scheme. Finally, we conduct a performance evaluation to validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed scheme.
Identifying “Optimal” Electrocatalysts: Impact of Operating Potential and Charge Transfer Model

Understanding the influence of potential on electrochemical surface reaction kinetics remains a challenge in identifying catalytic materials for numerous important reactions including water splitting (OER), hydrogen evolution (HER), and CO2 reduction, among others. Limitations in computational methods, complicated by the unique environment of the electrode–electrolyte interface, have compelled many studies to focus on the thermodynamics of reaction schemes and to generalize inferences about the kinetics of charge transfer. In instances where activation barrier estimates are available, they are typically assumed to follow the empirical Butler–Volmer (BV) model. In this Perspective, we illustrate that the relative magnitudes and potential-dependences of elementary barriers can have a marked effect on the properties of a catalyst deemed “optimal” for a given reaction. We use a simple pseudosteady-state analysis of two sequential surface-mediated charge transfers to assess the degree of rate control of each s...
Media, Marriage, and the Construction of the LGBT Legal Agenda

Legal and sociolegal scholars have argued that social movement litigation often generates social change indirectly by drawing publicity and public attention to movement issues. Yet some cases are more likely than others to receive coverage in the mainstream news media-particularly those cases involving conflict or controversy, which resonate with established definitions of "newsworthiness." This Article empirically examines bias in the news media's coverage of social movement litigation through a case study of the LGBT movement, which compares the content of the litigation dockets of three major LGBT civil rights organizations to the content of newspaper coverage of those organizations from 1996-2006. The time period examined in this study offers a unique opportunity to investigate bias in media coverage of movement litigation. This period marks the formative first decade after LGBT rights organizations began to take part in litigation for marriage equality, an issue which has since become an essential part of the LGBT movement's public narrative. As movement litigators during these years tentatively asserted the right for same-sex couples to marry in a few select state courts, they were met with an intense conservative backlash targeting both same-sex marriage as a goal and the impact litigation strategies being used to achieve it. In examining LGBT movement litigation during this period of intense controversy around same-sex marriage, this Article illuminates the role of countermovements in shaping media constructions and broader popular interpretations of social movement litigation. Findings from the study reveal that the news media reported more extensively on the LGBT movement's marriage equality litigation than on any other issue. This coverage was drastically disproportionate to the small percentage of marriage equality cases on the LGBT legal organizations' dockets during this time period. In addition, news articles on same-sex marriage litigation were significantly more likely than other articles to discuss anti-LGBT countermovement activity. These findings suggest that countermovement mobilization against same-sex marriage, dubbed a "culture war" in the media, may have created conflict that reporters found particularly newsworthy, leading the news media to focus attention on one of the LGBT movement's most contentious litigation campaigns. I explore the implications of these findings in shaping the course of social movement mobilization, countermobilization, and the possibilities for social change.
The Lamé Equations

The ultimate origin of the problems which led to Kovalevskaya’s paper (1885a) is in the wave theory of light, specifically the mathematical explanation of refraction. We shall first look at a simple explanation of refraction in this introductory section, then examine the applications of this principle to more complicated cases by consideration of the work of a few of the scientists who developed the theory. These few aspects of the theory suffice to give the background for the problem studied by Kovalevskaya. For reasons which will be apparent at the end of the chapter, Kovalevskaya’s work in this area has received very little attention.
Canal–Otolith Interactions

The semicircular canals respond to head rotation but have a limited dynamic range; the otolith organs respond equivalently to both gravity (‘tilt’) and linear acceleration (‘translation’). To help overcome these shortcomings, the nervous system combines visual, vestibular, and other cues to yield estimates of tilt, translation, and rotation. This article focuses on how cues from the otolith organs influence rotational respones and how cues from the semicircular canals influence tilt and translation responses. As described, the combined information from the semicircular canals and otolith organs typically yields more accurate estimates of motion and orientation than would be attained via either sensory modality alone.
Classroom Theory Applied: A Food and Beverage Cost Control Project

(1995). Classroom Theory Applied: A Food and Beverage Cost Control Project. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 25-49.
Changing Demographics of the American Population

Geriatric citizens in the United States are the most rapidly growing segment due to the aging baby boomer generation. This generation will live longer than the preceding and will have access to improved health care. Because these physically active elderly will remain living independently and longer, traumatic injuries can be expected to increase. In addition, there are numerous physiologic alterations that occur with aging, and special consideration should be given to the elderly patient from a medical and surgical standpoint. Multiple comorbidities may also be present in this population lending to higher complications, longer hospital stays, and a higher case fatality rate. Moreover, disposition barriers often exist and include the need for short- and long-term rehabilitation. Finally, traumatic injuries have the ability to change the patient’s independent living status and increase the need for admission to skilled nursing facilities. Complex end-of-life decisions and discussions are often also required in this population. Trauma and acute care surgeons should be knowledgeable about the specific needs of the geriatric critically ill patient.
Gene Therapy in Cartilage Repair and Regeneration

Clinical and translational research for the treatment of articular cartilage disease and injury has demonstrated a continued need for the development of molecular approaches in the last decade. New technological breakthroughs in combining gene and cell therapy have revolutionized cartilage regeneration, resulting in advances never before thought possible. This review covers recent progress in recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector-mediated approaches for gene and cell therapy in vivo and ex vivo. In particular, we will discuss the application of the AAV vector for in vivo gene therapy and AAV-based genetic modification of stem cells ex vivo. Moreover, we will also discuss the various approaches to clinical trials.
Central diabetes insipidus: A rare complication of IVH in a very low birth weight preterm infant.

A 710 g male infant was born at a referring hospital at a gestational age of 23 weeks and 2 days via vaginal delivery and was transferred to our facility at 14 days of age. His delivery was complicated by the breech presentation with difficult head extraction. The infant's initial course was significant for respiratory distress syndrome, grade III-IV intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), acute kidney injury, and large PDA. On the day of life 29, a gradual increase in serum sodium level refractory to increasing total fluid volume was noted. The combination of persistent hypernatremia (150-160 mmol/l), polyuria (8.4 ml/kg/hr), high plasma osmolality (323 mosm/kg), hyposthenuria (75 mosm/kg) and an undetectable serum ADH (<0.8 pg/ml) confirmed the diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Serum sodium and urine output decreased and urine osmolality increased after subcutaneous DDAVP administration.CDI is an uncommon cause of hypernatremia in the neonatal period. The diagnosis can be difficult as excessive urine output and high serum sodium can often be attributed to high insensible water loss in the extremely premature newborn. CDI in our patient was thought to be due to grade III-IV IVH complicated by post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.In conclusion, the diagnosis of central DI should be considered as a complication of severe IVH in the extremely premature neonate who demonstrates persistent hypernatremia, polyuria, decreased urine osmolality, and increased plasma osmolality. Serum ADH levels can be helpful in confirming the central origin of DI and subcutaneous desmopressin can be an effective treatment in the preterm infant.
Dynamics of Utah's agricultural landscapes in response to urbanization: a comparison between irrigated and non-irrigated agricultural lands.

Abstract In the literature on how urbanization affects agricultural landscapes, little attention has been focused on differentiating and comparing the changes in irrigated agricultural landscapes to non-irrigated agricultural landscapes. Additionally, there have been few applications of landscape metrics for understanding agricultural landscape changes. The objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze and compare the changes of both irrigated and non-irrigated agricultural lands in a rapidly growing region; (2) identify the spatial patterns and hotspots of these changes; and, (3) examine the spatial relationships between changes in agricultural landscapes and urban development. We adopted landscape metrics and gradient analysis to assess where and how agricultural landscape changes occurred in northern Utah over the past 30 years. A revised urban gradient was also developed to detect the changes of agricultural landscapes in relation to new urban development. We found that irrigated agricultural lands were more affected by urban development than non-irrigated agricultural lands, with evidence of more patches, more irregular patch shapes, and less connectivity among patches. This study contributes not only to the existing literature on the dynamics of both irrigated and non-irrigated agricultural lands in relation to urban development, but also helps fill the gap of scant applications of landscape metrics and urban gradient analysis in agricultural areas. Most importantly, such a comprehensive examination of Utah's agricultural landscapes will serve as part of the scientific foundation for informing land use policy in the region, as well as provide lessons for other places that are facing similar agricultural land conversion challenges.
Cu(II)-Mediated N–H and N-Alkyl Aryl Amination and Olefin Aziridination

Cu(II)-mediated direct NH2 and NH alkyl aryl aminations and olefin aziridinations are described. These room-temperature, one-pot, environmentally friendly procedures replace costly Rh2 catalysts and, in some instances, display important differences with comparable Rh2- and Fe-supported reactions.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy does not Increase Complications in Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery

Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (OBCS) broadens the indications for breast conservation. Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NAC) is used increasingly in the treatment of patients with early-stage and locally advanced breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes for patients who received NAC followed by OBCS. A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who underwent OBCS involving the mastopexy/breast-reduction technique, including synchronous mastopexy/breast reduction for symmetry, at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2010 and January 2016. Patients who had received NAC were compared with those who had undergone surgery first. Demographic, treatment, and outcomes data were collected. The study included 429 patients, corresponding to 713 breasts. Of these patients, 122, corresponding to 199 breasts, received NAC. The patients who received NAC were younger (p < 0.001) and had a more advanced cancer stage (p < 0.001). The overall complication rate per patient was 25.9%, with major complications occurring in 9.1% of the patients. After adjustment for risk factors, NAC was not shown to be associated with an increased risk of complications or delayed adjuvant radiation therapy (p = 0.37), irrespective of the chemotherapy regimen used or whether the interval between NAC and surgery was 4 weeks or longer. In a high-volume center, OBCS can be performed safely for carefully selected patients after NAC without an increased risk of complications or delayed adjuvant radiation therapy. An interval of at least 4 weeks between completion of NAC and surgery can be regarded as safe irrespective of the chemotherapy regimen used.
Five-year results of endoscopic gastrojejunostomy revision (transoral outlet reduction) for weight gain after gastric bypass

The study aim is to determine if patients who have undergone endoscopic gastrojejunostomy revision (EGJR) maintain weight loss up to 5 years postoperatively. This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent EGJR with a full-thickness endoscopic suturing device between April 2009 and June 2018. Percent of excess body weight loss (%EBWL) was calculated using the weight on day of EGJR consult as baseline. The paired t test and McNemar’s test were used to compare weight and comorbidities between preoperative and postoperative time points. A total of 70 patients regained a mean of 42.8 ± 18.7% of the weight lost after gastric bypass. On day of EGJR consult, average was 116.1 ± 25.2 kg and BMI of 42.3 ± 8.5. Weight loss and %EBWL at follow-up was as follows: 10.7 ± 11.6 kg and 18.5 ± 18.2% at 6 months, 8.5 ± 11.5 kg and 14.9 ± 20.6% at 1 year, 6.9 ± 10.7 kg and 12.2 ± 19.8% at 2 years, 5.3 ± 9.1 kg and 8.7 ± 14.9% at 3 years, 3.1 ± 12.0 kg and 3.2 ± 21.6% at 4 years, and 3.9 ± 13.1 kg and 7.0 ± 23.8% at 5 years. The percentage of patients with obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes did not change over time. Patients who received a pursestring revision or had a greater percent reduction in stoma diameter had more significant %EBWL. Weight loss after EGJR is sustained up to 5 years after revision with little effect on medical comorbidities. Patients with a greater reduction in stoma diameter experienced superior weight loss.
Examining Neighborhood Poverty-based Disparities in HIV/STI Prevalence: An Analysis of Add Health Data

Abstract Purpose To estimate the effect of exposure to neighborhood poverty in adolescence on HIV/STI prevalence in early adulthood. Methods Longitudinal data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. The primary exposure was living in a high versus medium/low poverty neighborhood during Wave I. The outcome was having a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or receiving a HIV/STI diagnosis in the past twelve months at Wave III. Covariates included sociodemographic, behavioral, and mental health-related factors. Inverse probability weighted marginal structural models were used to estimate neighborhood poverty-based differences in HIV/STI prevalence. Results 8,232 Add Health participants comprised the analytic sample. Of these, 16% and 84% resided in high- and medium/low-poverty neighborhoods, respectively. Eleven percent currently had an STI or HIV/STI diagnosis within the prior 12 months. Accounting for measured potential sources of confounding and selection bias, the HIV/STI prevalence difference [95% confidence limits] for those who grew up in high versus medium/low-poverty neighborhoods was 0.015 [-0.015, 0.045]. Conclusions Strong evidence for neighborhood poverty-based differences in HIV/STI prevalence was not observed. Researchers should continue to investigate the effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic position measures and, if warranted, identify etiologically relevant exposure periods. Topics Infectious Disease, Social Epidemiology, Disparities;
Analysis of neutrally stable atmospheric flow over a two-dimensional forward facing step

A mathematical model describing ground-wind induced flow fields around surface obstructions such as buildings, bridges or other man-made structures is presented. The Navier-Stokes equations with a two-equation turbulence model are used to analyze the flow over a two-dimensional forward facing step. A study of the assumed logarithmic approach velocity profile shows that an increase of surface roughness produces a rise to higher turbulence levels in the shear layer originating from the step corner. This rise leads to higher Reynolds stress and to faster reattachment of the separated flow.
A Teacher Observation Instrument for PBL Classroom Instruction

Teaching is a complex activity that requires making ongoing multiple, decisions and engaging in sporadic, responsive actions while performing pre-planned prescribed tasks. The enactment of the essential aspects of teaching can be assessed by using a well-designed observation instrument. After a sustained professional development on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) ProjectBased Learning (PBL), an observation instrument was used to assess the enacted STEM PBL activities in secondary mathematics and science classrooms. This article provides the background precipitating the need for an instrument, using an observation instrument to provide feedback to teachers and other stakeholders, and follow-up suggestions for those engaging in STEM professional development, including districts, schools, academies, service centers and university partners. social and economic incentives for pursuing STEM careers. The social and economic incentives contradict the previously held notion that the decline in STEM post-secondary majors was because of inadequate K-12 STEM preparation. Even though the average number of high school STEM credits students earned has increased from 1990 to 2005, it has not resulted in a solution to the STEM pipeline problem. In fact, there has been a decrease in the number of students graduating from college with STEMrelated degrees (Laird, Alt, & Wu, 2009). Increases in the number of STEM courses taken in high school have not improved postsecondary matriculation into STEM fields. Improvement in the quality and integration of STEM education should be the focus of national attention because increasing high school students’ STEM course load in high school has been shown to be insufficient. Generally, White and Asian males represent a greater proportion of STEM majors, while females, Hispanics and African Americans remain under-represented in STEM majors (Tsui, 2007). According to Marshall (2010), an advocate for STEM education, an effective STEM curriculum should nurture students’ problem solving and inventive thinking. Additionally, STEM courses should focus learning on creative exploration, projects, problem solving, and innovation rather than rote memorization of facts, which dominates the current practice in many schools (Marshall, 2010). This manuscript presents a case for the importance of STEM PD, use of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs), and describes a method of providing feedback to teachers and other school professionals. Project based learning (PBL) provides a viable means for improving STEM education when accompanied by a well-designed andsustained PD and a feedback mechanism to improve teaching and learning. Literature Review
Fluid and crystallised intelligence are associated with distinct regionalisation patterns of cortical morphology

Cognitive performance in children is predictive of academic and social outcomes; therefore, understanding neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition during development may be important for improving quality of life. Some theories of intelligence argue that a single latent, psychological construct with a specific neural substrate underlies many cognitive processes. Here we show that a distributed configuration of cortical surface area and apparent thickness, when controlling for global imaging measures, is associated with cognitive performance in a large sample (N=10,145) of nine and ten year old children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) study. Measures of fluid and crystallised intelligence were associated with strikingly distinct regionalisation patterns of cortical areal expansion and apparent thickness. The minimal overlap in these associations has important implications for competing theories about developing intellectual functions. Importantly, not controlling for sociodemographic factors increased the similarity between these regionalisation patterns altering the inferences that would be made. This highlights the importance of understanding the shared variance between sociodemographic factors, cognition and brain structure particularly with a population-based sample such as with ABCD.
The aging lysosome: An essential catalyst for late-onset neurodegenerative diseases

Lysosomes figure prominently in theories of aging as the proteolytic system most responsible for eliminating growing burdens of damaged proteins and organelles in aging neurons and other long lived cells. Newer evidence shows that diverse experimental measures known to extend lifespan in invertebrate aging models share the property of boosting lysosomal clearance of substrates through the autophagy pathway. Maintaining an optimal level of lysosome acidification is particularly crucial for these anti-aging effects. The exceptional dependence of neurons on fully functional lysosomes is reflected by the neurological phenotypes that develop in congenital lysosomal storage disorders, which commonly present as severe neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative conditions even though the lysosomal deficit maybe systemic. Similar connections are now being appreciated between primary lysosomal deficit and the risk for late age-onset neurodegenerative disorders. In diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as in aging alone, primary lysosome dysfunction due to acidification impairment is emerging as a frequent theme, supported by the growing list of familial neurodegenerative disorders that involve primary vATPase dysfunction. The additional cellular roles played by intraluminal pH in sensing nutrient and stress and modulating cellular signaling have further expanded the possible ways that lysosomal pH dysregulation in aging and disease can disrupt neuronal function. Here, we consider the impact of cellular aging on lysosomes and how the changes during aging may create the tipping point for disease emergence in major late-age onset neurodegenerative disorders.
Financial Closing Time, IT Capability, And Quarterly Earnings Patterns

This study examines whether superior Informational Technology Capability (ITC) is associated with a shorter financial closing time for publicly traded companies. We also compare patterns of late-year adjustment of quarterly earnings between ITC and non-ITC companies. ITC firms appear to have shorter financial closing times and seem to have a reduced probability to exhibit late-year earnings reversals.
Against the strengthened impairment argument: never-born fetuses have no FLO to deprive

In order for the so-called strengthened impairment argument (SIA) to succeed, it must posit some reason R that causing fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is immoral, one that also holds in cases of abortion. In formulating SIA, Blackshaw and Hendricks borrow from Don Marquis to claim that the reason R that causing FAS is immoral lies in the fact that it deprives an organism of a future like ours (an FLO). I argue here that SIA fails to show that it is immoral to cause FAS and abort fetuses that will not be born because it deprives them of an FLO. This is because fetuses that will not be born have no chance of having an FLO in the first place, so causing FAS for and aborting them cannot deprive them of one. I then consider three responses to my argument. I conclude that each fails. SIA does not accomplish its task of showing why it is immoral to impair fetuses that will not be born. Perhaps it can accomplish the task of showing why it is immoral to impair fetuses that will be born, but not without sacrificing at least some of its alleged significance.
Investigating the impact of a β-lactam allergy label on preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis administration

Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common postprocedure complication that may be prevented by adhering to established recommendations, including administration of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients with a β-lactam allergy (BLA) label have an increased risk of SSI. We sought to evaluate the appropriateness of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients labeled with a BLA compared those without a BLA. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, matched cohort study of adult patients who underwent a clean or clean-contaminated knee replacement, abdominal hysterectomy, colorectal surgery, or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Patients with a BLA label were matched to patients without a BLA label based on procedure, age, and body mass index (BMI). The primary end point was the rate of appropriate preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, including antibiotic selection and timing prior to incision. Results: In total, 260 patients were included. Knee replacement (38%) was the most common procedure, followed by abdominal hysterectomy (25%), colorectal surgery (18%), and CABG (18%). Appropriate preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was higher among patients without a BLA (76% vs 37%; P < .001). Among patients with a mild-to-moderate reaction or intolerance, 29 (53%) received antibiotics that would have been appropriate only if the patient had had a severe BLA. Patients with a BLA were more likely to have had an antibiotic omitted from the prophylactic regimen (44% vs 4%; P < .001). Conclusion: Patients with a BLA were more likely to receive inappropriate preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, attributed to misinterpretation of BLA labels and antibiotic omissions. Optimizing antibiotic prophylaxis among patients with BLAs remains an area of opportunity to prevent SSIs.
Max Weber and Social Ontology

Key elements of John Searle’s articulation of the Standard Model of Social Ontology can be found within Max Weber’s ideal type of legal-rational authority. However, the fact that, for Weber, legal-...
Research on Infrared Temperature Measurement Image Enhancement Technology of Transmission Line

It is one of the important means to ensure the safety of transmission line and its equipment to realize the rapid identification and accurate diagnosis of visual defect fault points of transmission line. In this paper, an adaptive infrared image enhancement algorithm is proposed based on the research of infrared image features and various image enhancement algorithms. The algorithm first filters the infrared image to remove the random noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image; then, based on the histogram analysis of the infrared image, adaptively selects the upper and lower thresholds of the gray histogram, and uses the histogram segmentation to divide the infrared image into three parts: target, target and background aliasing, and background. Finally, through the gray analysis of the three distributions, the algorithm can extract the gray image. Finally, infrared image background suppression and target enhancement are realized. By comparing the effect before and after image enhancement, it is proved that the algorithm has strong practicability.
Intraoperative opioid exposure, tumour genomic alterations, and survival differences in people with lung adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Background Opioids have been linked to worse oncologic outcomes in surgical patients. Studies in certain cancer types have identified associations between survival and intra-tumoural opioid receptor gene alterations, but no study has investigated whether the tumour genome interacts with opioid exposure to affect survival. We sought to determine whether intraoperative opioid exposure is associated with recurrence-specific survival and overall survival in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, and whether selected tumour genomics are associated with this relationship. Associations between ketamine and dexmedetomidine and outcomes were also studied. Methods Surgical patients (N=740) with pathological stage I–III lung adenocarcinoma and next-generation sequencing data were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Results On multivariable analysis, ketamine administration was protective for recurrence-specific survival (hazard ratio = 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.80; P=0.007), compared with no adjunct. Higher intraoperative oral morphine milligram equivalents were significantly associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio=1.09/10 morphine milligram equivalents, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.17; P=0.010). Significant interaction effects were found between morphine milligram equivalents and fraction genome altered and morphine milligram equivalents and CDKN2A, such that higher fraction genome altered or CDKN2A alterations were associated with worse overall survival at higher morphine milligram equivalents (P=0.044 and P=0.052, respectively). In contrast, alterations in the Wnt (P=0.029) and Hippo (P=0.040) oncogenic pathways were associated with improved recurrence-specific survival at higher morphine milligram equivalents, compared with unaltered pathways. Conclusions Intraoperative opioid exposure is associated with worse overall survival, whereas ketamine exposure is associated with improved recurrence-specific survival in patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. This is the first study to investigate tumour-specific genomic interactions with intraoperative opioid administration to modify survival associations.
An Evaluation of Dementia Dialogues®: A Program for Informal and Formal Caregivers in North and South Carolina.

In 2019, the University of South Carolina’s Office for the Study of Aging (OSA) remodeled the curriculum for the nationally registered Dementia Dialogues® program that delivers high-quality educati...
Targeting natural killer cells in cancer immunotherapy

Abstract Natural killer cells have emerged as a safe and powerful immunotherapeutic modality, with distinct advantages over a number of other cellular therapies. However, the delivery of NK cells to patients suffers from a complex variety of challenges that are associated with immunosuppressive functions of tumors themselves, as well as ex vivo challenges intrinsic to their preparation for adoptive transfer. Recent advances in cancer immunology, genetic engineering and synthetic biology have contributed to remarkable advances in the immunotherapeutic potential of these cells. This chapter discusses these challenges, as well as strategies aimed at reprogramming NK cell function for restored anti-tumor immunity.
Chapter 15. Antineoplastic Agents

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the different aspects of antineoplastic agents. The antitumor agents are essentially inhibitors of cell growth, normal as well as tumor. The folate analog methotrexate is of great value in the treatment of acute leukemia, choriocarcinoma, and some other solid tumors. The observation that esterification of nucleoside analogs can improve their therapeutic properties, has been applied to methotrexate as well. The increased transport of methotrexate through the barrier is desired to achieve concentrations high enough to be effective against leukemic cells sequestered in the brain. The utility of pyrimidine and purine analogs in cancer chemotherapy serves as a continued stimulus for the preparation of new compounds of this type. Among these, 3-deazauridine [1-(β- D -ribofuranosyl)-4-hydroxy-2 -pyridone] was markedly active against leukemia L-1210 in vivo . A phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from yeast rapidly decreased the plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in mice and significantly increased the life span of mice with lymphoblastic leukemia. An L -methioninase from Clostridia effectively decreased the plasma methionine level of rats, and inhibited the growth of Walker carcinosarcoma 256.
The Stress of Relaxation

Two modes of activation explain how an enzyme controls blood vessel responses to oxidative stress, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
Joining MoSi2 to 316L stainless steel

The feasibility of joining MoSi2 to 316L stainless steel using active brazing techniques was investigated using two interlayer systems: cusil/Nb/cusil and cusil/Ni/cusil (where cusil is a commercially available Cu–Ag eutectic). Dense, uniform joints were obtained with the cusil/Nb/cusil interlayer system, because the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of niobium closely matched that of MoSi2 over a wide temperature range. Matching the CTEs of MoSi2 and the interlayer material shielded the low-toughness MoSi2 from residual stresses formed during cooling from the joint-processing temperature (830°C). The cusil/Ni/cusil interlayer, however, failed to produce adequate joints because of the large CTE difference between nickel and MoSi2.
Isotopic fractionation of carbonyl sulfide in the atmosphere: Implications for the source of background stratospheric sulfate aerosol

In order to assess the contribution of carbonyl sulfide to stratospheric sulfate aerosol (SSA), we examined the stratospheric OC^(34)S and OC^(32)S concentration profiles in the infrared limb-transmittance spectra acquired by the JPL MkIV instrument. We found that OC^(34)S is preferentially depleted by solar photolysis. The derived ^(34)S enrichment factor: e = +73.8 ± 8.6‰, in conjunction with literature values of δ^(34)S ∼ +11‰ for tropospheric OCS, and a ∼ 10% net processing of the OCS transported upwardly into the stratosphere, suggests that aerosol sulfate proceeding from OCS should be highly enriched in δ^(34)S ∼ 80‰, comparing our prediction with previous reports of δ^(34)S ∼ +2.6‰ for background SSA, we infer either that OCS is a minor contributor to SSA or that current views about its ^(34)S-abundance and atmospheric circulation are seriously flawed.
Still) striving for utopia

A system for the air defence of UK airspace was meant to detect all situations requiring action, to warn personnel and to route all relevant radar. It was to enable C2 to be operated over all of UK airspace. There were too many rules and the project was abandoned. Later, it was much simplified and implemented. The article describes how developments in computers lead to increased expectations of them on the part of politicians and managers. Computer experts have to understand what is in fact practicable. Systems that have failed are discussed. Part of the problem is that people do not behave as the programmers anticipate. There is a need for a cohesive systems science base.