cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations Concerning the Existence of Matrix Effects in SIMS Analysis of Biological Specimens

Matrix effects have been documented for analysis of a variety of materials analyzed by SIMS. Matrix effects in analysis of soft biological materials have been documented as being due to differential sputtering effects and attributed to differences in ion yield. GALLE, et al., [1] showed faster sputtering of plasma and slower sputtering of red blood cells in a smear of human blood. FARMER, et al., [2] demonstrated preferential etching of heterochromatin and Z lines due to oxygen sputtering of fixed frog skeletal muscle in both unstained and heavy metal stained tissues, using TEM and SEM criteria. LINTON, et al., [3] showed that the nuclear and plasma membranes were etch-resistant in fixed and osmium — stained kidney tissue and in isolated cells. Frozen and freeze-dried cell monolayers of several types also showed etch-resistant nuclear and plasma membranes and nucleolus. Cone formation was ubiquitous in all tissues and cells examined, as well as in pure epoxy resins. PATKIN, et al., [4] used osmium-fixed plant tissue and sputtered through to a tantalum substrate to assess relative sputtering rates, and reported that cell walls and nuclei sputtered more rapidly than cell cytoplasm. The existence of differences in ion yield due to the nature of the chemical bond was reported by Quettier and Quintana [5] in a comparison of carbon ion emission from tissues of known concentration. The chemical concentration ratio of organic to inorganic carbon was ca. 5, ut the SIMS measured ion current ratio from the two areas was 10 for C+ and 14 for C−
Non-Discrimination and FRAND Commitments

A pledge to license standard essential patents (SEPs) on a non- discriminatory basis is a common element of SDO IPR Policies, part of the larger commitment to license on Fair, Reasonable, and Non- Discriminatory (FRAND) terms. In this chapter we consider what non- discrimination pledges imply for SDO member conduct. We review the basic variants of such pledges, how they may be informed by broader legal and economic defi nitions of discrimination, and recent cases and agency guidance interpreting such commitments. We conclude with open questions regarding the legal implications of non- discriminatory licensing pledges.
Does Multicolor Lineage Tracing of Endothelial Cells Provide a Black and White Answer on Clonal Expansion in Post-Natal Angiogenesis?

Postnatal angiogenesis occurs in physiological (ie, blood vessel growth in muscle in response to exercise and with cyclic changes within menstrual tissue) and pathological conditions (eg, diabetic retinopathy). Many attempts to promote postnatal angiogenesis have been attempted to drive revascularization of ischemic tissues. Surprisingly, we continue to lack fundamental information on which endothelial cells possess replicative potential in blood vessels. Prior work established that infusion of H3 thymidine into young mammals revealed endothelial cell proliferation in small and large vessels that is high at birth, varies within and among organ vasculature, and declines rapidly over the first few weeks of life. In adult animals, the rate of homeostatic endothelial cell turnover has been quantified as <1% in rodents. Despite these pieces of information, we do not know specifics about the individual proliferative capacities of endothelial cells, whether this activity is restricted to a small subset or is a feature ubiquitously present within all endothelial cells in a blood vessel.1 Article, see p 670 Manavski et al2 in this issue have used inducible endothelial cell–restricted multicolor reporter (Confetti) transgenic mice to interrogate the clonal expansion of individual endothelial cells within normally developing murine tissue vasculature or within tissues challenged by ischemia and hypoxia. This system has permitted quantification of all the endothelial cells within a fixed sampling volume of the tissue vasculature to detect an increase in local distribution of a singular color of endothelial cells within areas of clonal expansion compared with near equivalent levels of random color distribution in areas lacking clonal expansion. In brief, the authors failed to detect significant color enrichment (<10% clonal expansion) in the developing retinal vasculature at postnatal day 5, consistent with prior work in zebrafish that had identified random integration or cell mixing accounting for endothelial cell distributions in developmental …
Are gestures worth a thousand words? Verbal and nonverbal communication during robot-assisted surgery

Communication breakdowns in the operating room (OR) have been linked to errors during surgery. Robot-assisted surgery (RAS), a new surgical technology, can lead to new challenges in communication owing to the remote location of the surgeon away from the patient and bedside assistants. Nevertheless, few studies have studied communication strategies during RAS. In this study, 11 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies were recorded and the interaction events between the surgeon and two bedside surgical team members were categorized by modality (verbal/nonverbal), topic, and pair (sender and receiver). Both verbal and nonverbal modalities were used by all pairs. The percentage of nonverbal interactions differed significantly by pair: 66% for the Surgeon-Physician Assistant, 50% for the Physician Assistant-Scrub Nurse, and 25% for the Surgeon-Scrub Nurse, indicating different communication strategies across pairs. In addition, there was a significant dependence between topic and the percentages of verbal and nonverbal events for all pairs. Strategies to improve team communication during RAS should take into account the use of verbal and nonverbal communication means and the variation in interaction strategies based on the topic of communication.
Blind technique for point spread function equalization with application to the Multi-Order Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph

When combining remote sensing data from multiple instruments or multiple imaging channels, differences in point spread function (PSF) can lead to systematic error. If the PSFs are not well known, then it is difficult to determine which differences in the image data are meaningful for the object being observed and which are artifacts of PSF. Direct PSF measurements can be problematic. For example, in a sounding rocket payload, launch vibrations and acceleration, subsequent operations in micro gravity, and the impact on return to Earth may all affect PSFs. We have developed a blind method to equalize the PSFs of three distinct instrument channels, as found in the Multi-Order Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph (MOSES). To validate our technique, we generate three synthetic images with three different PSFs, with some spectrally interesting features. Thence, we demonstrate the successful removal of PSF-induced artifacts is possible, with the genuine spectral features left intact. We also perform blind PSF equalizations on three copies of the same solar image, but with differing PSFs, after applying independent noise to each. The results accurately reproduce corrections performed in the absence of noise, with full knowledge of the PSFs. Finally, we apply PSF equalization to solar images obtained in the 2006 MOSES flight and demonstrate the removal of artifacts.
Class-Specific Word Embedding through Linear Compositionality

English linguist John Rupert Firth has a famous saying "you shall know a word by the company it keeps." Most word representation learning models are based on this assumption that a word's semantic meaning can be learned from the context in which it resides. The context is defined as a small unordered number of words surrounding the target word. Research has shown that context alone provides limited information because the context contains only neighboring words. Thus only local information is learned in the word embeddings. Some research tries to improve this by utilizing outside information sources such as a knowledge base. We observe that the meaning of a word in a sentence can be better interpreted when the class information or label of the sentence is presented. We propose three approaches to train class-specific embeddings to encode class information by utilizing the linear compositionality property of word embeddings. We present a general framework consisting of a pair of convolutional neural networks for text classification tasks where the learned class-specific embeddings serve as features. We evaluate our approach and framework on topic classification of a disaster-focused Twitter dataset and a benchmark Twitter sentiment classification dataset from SemEval 2013. Our results show a potential relative accuracy improvement of more than 5% over a recent baseline.
The Role of the Information Society Model in Education in the United States

This critical appraisal of the role and impact of the information society model in the United States educational system begins with a discussion of three dominant paradigms: automation, “information society,” and “mind tools;” and then traces the history of information and communication technology (ICT)1 in education in the United States, describing how ideas, intertwined with the conceptions of the information society, led to distractions that have impeded vigorous development of ICT to improve education. These distractions included the claim that schools should take up the responsibility of training all students in ICT for the so-called information workforce. Promoters of the information society model together with the marketing arms of the IT industry perpetuated the adoption of ICT as an end in itself rather than as a means toward improving the main business of education, learning. These pressures over the past three decades have left the ICT in education in a state of confusion, lacking adequate support and, in many instances, the infrastructure to adapt to the demands of the twenty-first century.
Idiopathic polydactylous longitudinal erythronychia.

Objective: To describe the clinical features of idiopathic polydactylous longitudinal erythronychia. Introduction: Longitudinal erythronychia presents as a linear red band on the nail plate. Idiopathic polydactylous longitudinal erythronychia is a rarely described manifestation of longitudinal erythronychia in which one or more linear red bands present on the nails of multiple digits without any associated subungual malignant tumor, dermatological condition, or systemic disease. Methods: As part of a total body skin examination, the fingernails and toenails were evaluated for linear red bands. Results: One or more asymptomatic linear red bands (longitudinal erythronychia) was observed on multiple digits of the hands in one percent (3 men of 134 men and 112 women) of patients examined during a period of 75 days. The author also noted similar changes of his own nails. Between 3 to 10 digits were affected. Multiple linear red bands per nail were usually narrow (less than 1mm wide), whereas a single band on a nail often ranged from 4 to 6mm wide. The intensity of an individual wider linear red band was position-dependent in three individuals in whom the distal portion appeared less prominent when the affected digit was held upward above the level of the patient's heart—pseudolongitudinal erythronychia. Other nail changes in these patients included distal subungual hyperkeratosis, fissuring at the free end of the nail, leukonychia, red lunula, and splinter hemorrhages. Discussion: Idiopathic polydactylous longitudinal erythronychia is a benign, usually asymptomatic, condition of undetermined etiology characterized by one or more linear red bands originating at the proximal nail fold or distal lunula and extending to the free edge of the nail. It appears to be more prevalent in men over 50 years of age and its incidence was noted to be one percent of adults attending a dermatology clinic. Patients are either unaware of the nail changes or seek medical attention because of the nail plate appearance. Other nail changes can concurrently be observed including pseudolongitudinal erythronychia in which the distal intensity of an individual wider red band is less pronounced when the digit is held upward. Idiopathic polydactylous longitudinal erythronychia has not been associated with benign or malignant subungual tumors, dermatological conditions, or systemic diseases. Conclusion: Idiopathic polydactylous longitudinal erythronychia may represent as a benign, possibly age-related, nail change without any associated local or systemic adverse sequellae.
Randomized controlled trials 5: Determining the sample size and power for clinical trials and cohort studies

Performing well-powered randomized controlled trials is of fundamental importance in clinical research. The goal of sample size calculations is to assure that statistical power is acceptable while maintaining a small probability of a type I error. This chapter overviews the fundamentals of sample size calculation for standard types of outcomes for two-group studies. It considers (1) the problems of determining the size of the treatment effect that the studies will be designed to detect, (2) the modifications to sample size calculations to account for loss to follow-up and nonadherence, (3) the options when initial calculations indicate that the feasible sample size is insufficient to provide adequate power, and (4) the implication of using multiple primary endpoints. Sample size estimates for longitudinal cohort studies must take account of confounding by baseline factors.
The Liapunov—Schmidt Reduction

In Chapter I, §3 we described the Liapunov—Schmidt reduction in rather special circumstances. In this chapter we generalize the method in three distinct ways, as follows: (i) We consider infinite-dimensional systems. (ii) We allow the linearized operator to have a multidimensional kernel. (iii) We perform the reduction when the operator commutes with a compact group of symmetries.
The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Cancer of the Head and Neck

The role of radiotherapy in the management of cancer of the head and neck has undergone significant changes in the past decade promising to bring better recovery and survival. Largely, these changes have resulted from a better understanding of the response of normal tissue and tumors to ionizing irradiation and the increased awareness of the value of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients suffering from these diseases. Surgery and radiotherapy remain as the potentially curative methods available in the management of head and neck cancer, but chemotherapy is assuming an increasingly important role. In most sites stage I and stage II disease will yield to surgical excision or irradiation in an equally high percentage of cases, the treatment advantage going to the method resulting in the best cosmetic and functional result.
Effect of Software Feature Training on Beliefs, Use, and Performance: Using the Benford’s Law Feature of Generalized Audit Software

This experimental research investigates the effect of software training at the feature level, an area infrequently studied in technology training research. We have adopted the beliefs, use, and performance constructs from adoption and training research, and tested them with the Benford’s Law feature, an advanced software feature of Generalized Audit Software (GAS). Through the analysis of 56 audit professionals, we found that software feature training increases the belief of using software features and the use of those software features. However, software feature training did not have an immediate effect on performance. Rather, auditors spent more time practicing the Benford’s Law feature beyond the supplied training material and applying the Benford’s Law feature to other audit tasks.
Continuum Bound States — New Phenomena Within QED

A continuum bound state (CBS) is a normalizable solution of a wave equation which is embedded in the continuum. It appears as a resonance with zero width in the scattering domain. This phenomena was first described by Wigner and von Neumann1,2 for the Schrodinger equation.
Preoperative Assessment of the Elderly Patient

Aging is an inevitable process producing changes in the structure and function of tissues and organ systems. The term “elderly” is generally reserved for individuals 65 years and older; this definition includes a heterogenous group of people with a wide range of physical and mental abilities. In contrast, “age-related illnesses” are conditions that occur with increasing frequency in the aged individual but are not inevitable or proportional to chronological aging. One of the main preoperative issues encountered by anesthesiologists is distinguishing the impact of age vs. the effect of disease processes on organ function. The challenge includes performing an accurate estimate of the functional reserve of organ systems, providing a realistic risk assessment associated with the procedure and making appropriate recommendations regarding optimization of the patient’s condition.
A Policy Framework for Access Management in Federated Information Sharing

Current mechanisms for distributed access management are limited in their capabilities to provide federated information sharing while ensuring adequate levels of resource protection. This work presents a policy-based framework designed to address these limitations for access management in federated systems. In particular, it supports: (i) decentralized administration while preserving local autonomy, (ii) fine-grained access control while avoiding rule-explosion in the policy,(iii) credential federation through the use of interoperable protocols, with support for single sign on for federated users, (iv) specification and enforcement of semantic and contextual constraints to support integrity requirements and contractual obligations, and (v) usage control in resource provisioning through effective session management. The paper highlights the significance of our policy-based approach in comparison with related mechanisms. It also presents a system architecture of our implementation prototype.
Modeling and Simulation of DC Electric Rail Transit Systems With Wayside Energy Storage

Electric rail transit systems are large consumers of electricity, which face challenges related to improving their overall energy efficiency. Although various solutions have been proposed to achieve this target, it is not feasible to implement and test all of them. Since finding the solution that is most appropriate to a given system is typically a site-specific problem, an accurate, validated, and reliable simulation tool is crucial. In this paper, a simulation model for studying wayside energy storage systems in dc electric rail transit system is presented. The proposed model provides a reliable tool for analyzing the behavior of the transit system during intervals that span from a small fraction of time (milliseconds) up to 24 h. In order to validate the proposed simulation model, its results were compared with real measurements of a standard subway system.
Rational Tangles

This paper gives an elementary and self-contained proof of Conway's Basic Theorem on rational tangles. This theorem states that two rational tangles are topologically equivalent if and only if they have the same associated rational fraction. Our proof divides into a geometric half that relates the arithmetic of continued fractions to the topology of tangles and an algebraic part that defines the fraction of any tangle via the bracket model for the Jones polynomial. We present an application to molecular biology.
Does Thymoglobulin Induction Lead to Increased CMV Infection after Heart Transplantation in the Current Tacrolimus Era

Purpose Thymoglobulin (ATG) is commonly used as induction therapy immediately after heart transplantation (HTx). ATG has been associated with an increase in CMV infection when used with maintenance cyclosporine. In the current era, tacrolimus has replaced cyclosporine as the main maintenance immunosuppressive agent. It is not clear whether ATG induction does indeed lead to more CMV infection in the tacrolimus era. Methods Between 2010 and 2016, we assessed 342 patients who received ATG induction therapy and compared them with HTx patients who did not receive ATG (n=312). ATG is routinely administered to patients with renal insufficiency to delay tacrolimus initiation and to sensitized patients (PRA ≥ 10%). Patients treated with ATG were then divided into their donor/recipient CMV serology matching (D+R-, D+R+, D-R+ and D-R-) and analyzed for the development of CMV infection defined as patients presenting with clinical symptoms and detected CMV virus via PCR. Incidence of rejection was also evaluated. Valcyte is routinely administered for CMV prophylaxis. Results There was a trend towards an increase in CMV infection in patients who received ATG induction therapy after HTx (see table). When the ATG population was analyzed by CMV serology, CMV mismatch (D+R-) had a numerical increase in CMV infection but this result was not statistically significant. When compared to the D-R- group on pairwise analysis, there was a trend towards increase in CMV infection and any-treated rejection in the CMV mismatch group (D+R-). (see table). Of note, valcyte induction was similar between groups per the transplant protocol. Conclusion ATG therapy trends towards increased CMV infection post-transplant in the tacrolimus era. Patients who have been treated with ATG and have CMV mismatch (D+R-) may have increased CMV infection risk as well as rejection risk by 2-years after HTx. Larger numbers are needed to confirm these findings.
Singlehood: An alternative to marriage.

The paper analyzes singlehood as a positive choice made by adults who have chosen not to marry or re-marry. Census data and surveys indicate the increased postponement of mariage and the growing number of singles in the United States. Twenty in-depth interviews with single men and women reveal a complex set of experiences surrountding the decision to remain single. Despite cultural and psychological pressures toward marriage and discriminatory social practices, respondents testified to personal growth, an increase in opportunities andfriendships, and a sense of independence that validated their present lifestyles. Correlatively, the growth of interpersonal support structures for singles and an emergent ideology of singlehood are identified.
ENSO Normals: A New U.S. Climate Normals Product Conditioned by ENSO Phase and Intensity and Accounting for Secular Trends

AbstractClimate normals are traditionally calculated every decade as the average values over a period of time, often 30 years. Such an approach assumes a stationary climate, with several alternativ...
Construindo um mundo equitativo

This document is the address to the Board of Governors presented by Mr. James D. Wolfensohn, the president of the World Bank Group, in Prague, Czech Republic, on September 26, 2000. The speech points out the objective of the World Bank to improve the quality of life and reduce poverty through sustainable and equitable growth. To make progress in fighting poverty, one must build a new internationalism. To match a globalize economy, the developing and developed countries, international institutions, civil society in all its forms, and the private sector must work together as partners. The Bank needs to focus on: a) increasing aid from developed countries; b) providing the resources for deeper, faster, and broader debt relief; c) dismantling trade barriers to poor countries; d) exploring innovative instruments, including grants, for such pressing issues as HIV/AIDS, the environment, basic education, and health; e) multilateral and bilateral donors working together to simplify their procedures and reducing the cost of doing business; and f) recognizing that more and more issues resolution requires action at the global level.
Coordination of Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage and Building Loads: Optimization with Deep Learning Model

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy systems and energy storage systems in buildings, it is critical to optimize system operation to lower operation cost and save energy. The heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system accounts for more than half of the energy consumption in a commercial building. Effectively incorporating a building thermal model - which includes the HVAC system and the behind-the-meter energy storage system -- is a key requirement for addressing these optimization needs. In this paper, we develop an optimization strategy to minimize the operation cost as well as maintain indoor thermal comfort, for a building integrated with battery and PV. A Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model is used to predict building thermal load and zone temperatures. A black-box optimization algorithm known as Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) is employed in the simulation to provide look-ahead optimal battery dispatch and zone temperature set-point schedules so that the operation cost is minimized. Field data collected from a medium sized office building at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) was used to train the RNN model. Integrated with a Photovoltaic (PV) system model and a battery storage system, it is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. Compared with rule-based methods, the optimization strategy obtained a lower cost of operation while satisfying comfort constraints.
Factors Associated With Adherence to Helicobacter pylori Testing During Hospitalization for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease.

Background & Aims Guidelines recommend testing patients with peptic ulcer disease for Helicobacter pylori infection. We sought to identify factors associated with adherence to testing for H pylori in patients hospitalized for bleeding ulcers and to evaluate whether performing these tests affect risk for rebleeding. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 830 inpatients who underwent endoscopy from 2011 through 2016 for gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric or duodenal ulcers. We searched electronic medical records for evidence of tests to detect H pylori by biopsy, serologic, or stool antigen analyses. We used multivariable models to identify clinical, demographic, and endoscopic factors associated with testing for H pylori. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine whether H pylori testing altered risk for the composite outcome of rebleeding or death within 1 year of admission. Results Among the patients hospitalized for bleeding peptic ulcer disease during the 6-year period, 19% were not tested for H pylori within 60 days of index endoscopy. Hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) was the factor most frequently associated with nonadherence to H pylori testing guidelines (only 66% of patients in the ICU were tested vs 90% of patients not in the ICU; P Conclusions In an analysis of hospitalized patients who underwent endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric or duodenal ulcers, we found admission to the ICU to be associated with failure to test for H pylori infection. Failure to test for H pylori was independently associated with increased risk of rebleeding or death within 1 year of hospital admission. We need strategies to increase testing for H pylori among inpatients with bleeding ulcers.
A Long-Short Term Memory Network for Detecting CRISPR Arrays

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat is a pattern found in the DNA sequences of some archeal and bacterial organisms. Together with CRISPR associated genes, CRISPR arrays provide immunity against phages and other mobile exogenous elements. CRISPR-based immunity mechanism can be manipulated to perform genome editing at low cost. To improve the specificity of CRISPR-based genome editing, better software and experimental tools are needed, and accurate detection of CRISPR arrays in DNA sequences is the first step toward this goal. In this work, a CRISPR array detection pipeline, CRISPRLstm, is presented that leverages the power of artificial intelligence. More specifically, Long-Short Term Memory models are used to discriminate between valid and invalid arrays. The predictions by CRISPRLstm are better or in good agreement with other freely available tools, and CRISPRLstm outperforms Random forest classifier in identifying valid repeat sequences. CRISPRLstm predictor is publicly available as a web-based application with an interactive user interface.
Neuronal circuitry underlying female aggression in Drosophila

Abstract Aggressive social interactions are used to compete for limited resources and are regulated by complex sensory cues and the organism’s internal state. While both sexes exhibit aggression, its neuronal underpinnings are understudied in females. Here, we describe a set of connected neurons in the adult Drosophila melanogaster central brain that drive female aggression. We identified a population of sexually dimorphic aIPg neurons whose optogenetic activation increased, and genetic inactivation reduced, female aggression. Analysis of GAL4 lines identified in an unbiased screen for increased female chasing behavior revealed the involvement of another sexually dimorphic neuron, pC1d, and implicated pC1d and aIPg neurons as core nodes regulating female aggression. pC1d activation increased female aggression and electron microscopy (EM) connectomic analysis demonstrated that aIPg neurons and pC1d have strong reciprocal connections. Our work reveals important regulatory components of the neuronal circuitry that underlies female aggressive social interactions and provides tools for their manipulation.
Community Income Inequality and the Economic Gap in Participation

This paper reveals how community-level income inequality affects political participation. We theorize that local experiences of inequality increase awareness of the unequal distribution of income in the US, provoking political activity, particularly among those with more resources enabling them to act. Using restricted geographic data from the 2012 and 2016 ANES, we show local income inequality increases political participation, especially among the affluent. Using an instrumental variables design, we demonstrate these findings are not the result of reverse causality. Our results reveal the importance of considering both individual- and community-level factors when evaluating political behavior. They also suggest that as income inequality in the US continues to rise, so too will the gap in political participation between the rich and the poor, potentially leading elected officials to be even less responsive to the preferences and needs of the less affluent.
Gender, Clothing Fasteners, and Dress Practices in Houston’s Freedmen’s Town, ca. 1880–1904

Between 1880 and 1904, African American residents of Freedmen’s Town in Houston, Texas, were buried in the Third New City Cemetery. Using an assemblage of clothing fasteners recovered during excavations of the cemetery, I attempt to identify patterns of use and to interpret the kinds of clothing ensembles represented among men and women. The main goal of this study is to discern potential gendered patterns of clothing-fastener use that could assist in analyzing similar data from other sites. A related, secondary focus of this research is the working-class, gendered identity of black Houstonians and the roles of consumerism and clothing within the context of a segregationist Southern city.
Opportunity for Whom? Understanding Curriculum-Oriented Out-of-School Time Math Learning

Learning opportunities outside of traditional school times can be important factors for cognitive and noncognitive development, as well as for gaps between advantaged and less-advantaged students. Although out-of-school time (OST) education is of great significance in research and practice worldwide, less is known about the ways in which OST learning shapes patterns of educational stratification due to the variety of OST programs and the hidden decision-making processes of participation. The current study focused on curriculum-oriented OST math learning and examined its participation patterns and relevance to academic and non-academic skill development among 15-year-old students in the U.S. Utilizing multilevel ordered logistic regression, the study found that African American students, academically struggling students, and students attending schools with certain teacher and school characteristics were more likely to participate in OST math education. Given the endogenous nature of OST math learning, the study incorporated propensity score weighting in the regression analyses to understand the connections between OST math learning and skills. It is revealed that more hours of OST math learning weekly were related to better skill development in positive study behaviors in math. This study situated the findings within the socio-ecological contexts of education and discussed the interconnected relationships between schooling and OST learning. It is concluded that time and space beyond schooling is a critical component of education and should be included in the discourse of educational justice.
Support Thickness, Pitch, and Applied Bias Effects on the Carbide Formation, Surface Roughness, and Material Removal of Additively Manufactured 316 L Stainless Steel

Advances in self-terminating etching processes have brought dissolvable supports to selective laser-melted stainless-steel alloys. Preliminary data showed that the amount of support material removed could be larger than the amount of material removed from the bulk material. This article details a small study aimed at understanding this phenomenon. First, the material removed and roughness as a function of applied bias is studied. From this, two different potentials were selected, 400 mVSHE, which removes 120 µm through intergranular corrosion, and 550 mVSHE, which removes material 39 µm through uniform corrosion. Next, a simulated set of support structures with wall thicknesses varying from 82 µm to 544 µm was etched under these two different potentials to report the range of thicknesses that can be reasonably removed.
Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Teams for Heterogeneity

This work in progress study aims at developing a system to designate teams to relatively large groups of students in a classroom setting. It is motivated by recent changes in the ABET Criterion 3 accreditation guideline that requires students to demonstrate "an ability to function effectively on a team whose members together provide leadership, create a collaborative and inclusive environment, establish goals, plan tasks, and meet objectives." Outside of accreditation guidelines, team-based learning is becoming the prescribed pedagogical tool to enhance student collaboration and prepare them for professional work environments upon graduation. One important factor in effective team-based learning is to ensure teams are balanced in their abilities and characteristics across team members. Demographical memberships of students can also play an important role in team dynamics and impact the overall success in content learning. Instructors usually assign teams to students by manually looking into their abilities from previous grades and other performance factors. This can then become tedious when aiming to maintain uniform heterogeneity in classrooms of students coming from diverse backgrounds of knowledge, skills, ethnicity, and gender.While some studies have presented the use of computer-aided tools, visualization categorization, and other Artificial Intelligence techniques, this work proposes the use of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to form teams optimized for heterogeneity. The Genetic Algorithm presented uses a discrete integer-based chromosome representation and groups alleles to represent each team. Standard GA operators enable the algorithm to be adapted to any optimizing criteria deemed fit by the instructor. The algorithm presented in this work uses self-reported competency data on 3 different computational skills for 1300 students enrolled in a firstyear engineering design thinking course divided into over 20course sections of strength 40-60 each. Net team scores for each computational tool are calculated and the variation across each skill minimized by the fitness function for individual sections. Constraints based on gender and ethnicity are applied to minimize demographical imbalance between teams. The algorithm is tested for all sections in the Fall 2019 cohort to give consistent team configuration. Discussions on the stability and validity of configurations generated are discussed. Future work include methods that use a fuzzy logic decision-making tool for multiple criteria optimization.
Mortal Democracy and Plato’s Apology:

The Apology is often read as showing a conflict between democracy and philosophy. I argue here that Socrates’s defense critically engages deeply political Athenian conventions of death, showing a m...
Lightweight 2D Imaging for Integrated Imaging and Communication Applications

While integrated sensing and communication has attracted great attention, integrated imaging and communication is still largely open. Microwave, millimeter-wave, and tera-Hz imaging needs to sample a huge number of antenna positions and is thus too complex and costly to mobile communication devices. To address this challenge, we propose a Lightweight Imaging Algorithm (LIA) to reduce the complexity of both imaging hardware and computation. Based on the synthetic aperture radar principle, LIA uses the iterative matrix inversion lemma to estimate image pixels efficiently. Simulations with both simulated and real-world data verified that LIA had superior performance. The algorithm is promising to compact handheld and mobile devices in integrated imaging and communication applications.
Disproportionality in Design and Impact: Ensuring Equity When Developing and Implementing Environmental Policies

The purpose of this brief is to highlight the importance of looking at the distributional effects of environmental policies as they are being implemented to achieve their ultimate goal(s). It focus...
Vascular depression in Black Americans: a systematic review of the construct and its cognitive, functional, and psychosocial correlates.

Objective: Vascular burden is associated with cognitive deficits and a form of late-life depression, vascular depression (VaDep), which is marked by decreased white matter integrity, executive dysfunction, poor treatment response, and functional disability. Older Black Americans represent a vulnerable population at risk of developing VaDep, but the literature in this group is limited. Thus, the goal of this systematic review is to summarize the existing literature that informs our understanding of VaDep in older Black Americans, including cognitive, functional, and psychosocial outcomes. Method: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, studies were identified that examined the relationship between vascular disease or vascular risk factors and that either had a sample of at least 75% Black participants or conducted race-specific analyses. Thirty studies met all inclusion criterion based on review of both authors. Results: Overall, studies support the construct of VaDep in older Black Americans. There is preliminary support for VaDep-related cognitive and functional deficits, and mixed findings regarding racial disparities in prevalence of VaDep. Conclusion: This review underscores the need for further neuroimaging and neuropsychological research in Black older adults with comorbid depression and vascular disease. Findings also highlight the importance of screening for depressive symptoms in Black individuals with multiple vascular risk factors.
Abstract LB192: Sulforaphane suppression of Prmt5 and Mep50 function suppresses the mesothelioma cancer stem cell phenotype

Mesothelioma is an aggressive and fatal cancer of the mesothelial lining which is caused by asbestos exposure. The current treatment strategy is surgical resection followed by chemotherapy, but this is marginally successful and leads to drug resistant and recurrent disease. Mesothelioma cancer stem cells (MCS cells) comprise an important subpopulation of highly aggressive mesothelioma tumor cells that maintain tumor formation and mediate drug resistance. Our goal is to identify proteins that maintain the MCS cell and non-stem cancer cell survival as therapy targets. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) functions with the MEP50 cofactor to catalyze symmetric dimethylation of specific arginine resides in histones 3 and 4 to silence tumor suppressor gene expression and enhance cancer cell survival. Our studies show that loss of PRMT5 or MEP50 reduces H4R3me2s formation in MCS cells and that this is associated with a reduction in MCS cell spheroid formation, invasion and migration. Additionally, treatment with sulforaphane (SFN), a promising diet-derived cancer prevention and therapy agent, reduces PRMT5/MEP50 level and H4R3me2s formation, and suppresses the MCS cell phenotype. Moreover, forced expression of PRMT5/MEP50 antagonizes SFN suppression of the MCS cell phenotype, suggesting that loss of PRMT5/MEP50 is required for SFN action. SFN treatment also markedly reduces tumor formation and this is associated with reduced PRMT5/MEP50 expression and H4R3me2s formation. These findings suggest that SFN suppresses PRMT5/MEP50 function to attenuate the MCS cell phenotype and reduce tumor formation, and that SFN may be a useful mesothelioma prevention and therapy agent. Citation Format: Geraldine C. Ezeka, Gautam Adhikary, Sivaveera Kandasamy, Joseph Friedberg, Richard Eckert. Sulforaphane suppression of Prmt5 and Mep50 function suppresses the mesothelioma cancer stem cell phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB192.
On the Energy Proportionality of Distributed NoSQL Data Stores

The computing community is facing several big data challenges due to the unprecedented growth in the volume and variety of data. Many large-scale Internet companies use distributed NoSQL data stores to mitigate these challenges. These NoSQL data-store installations require massive computing infrastructure, which consume significant amount of energy and contribute to operational costs. This cost is further aggravated by the lack of energy proportionality in servers.
Conditional Distributions: Discrete

We are continuing directly from lesson 1. In our definition for marginal distributions, we use only n = 3; it is left to the reader’s imagination to describe all the cases for arbitrary n.
Robust Adaptive Control of Multiple Robots in Cooperative Motion

In this paper, we address the problem of multiple robots manipulating a rigid object cooperatively. An adaptive controller based on Lyapunov's second method is proposed. This controller takes into account the dynamics of both the object and the manipulation. Global stability in the sense of Lyapunov of the overall system is shown. The effects of bounded disturbances on the multi-robot system are also considered. An adaptive control law which guarantees the convergence of the tracking error to a bounded set is proposed. The size of this set is shown to depend on the bounds of the disturbances.
Genome Wide Association Study of Dental Arch Form and Occlusal Relationships in the Mixed Dentition Stage

Dental arch form has been a major subject of investigation in the dental sciences, however, little is known about the genetic etiology of arch form and arch occlusal relationships. This study seeks...
High-visibility two-photon interference in femtosecond pulse pumped type-II SPDC

Summary form only given. By far the most efficient source of two-particle entangled state is spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). Especially, cw laser pumped type-II SPDC has been widely treated as a good source of entangled photon pairs, since one can easily prepare a polarization Bell state. However, femtosecond pulse pumped type-II SPDC shows poor quantum interference visibility when a thick crystal is used. To restore the visibility, one has to use narrow-band spectral filters at the expense of available photon flux. We demonstrate a scheme for high-visibility two-photon interference with thick (3.4 mm.) type-II BaB/sub 2/O/sub 4/ (BBO) crystals in femtosecond pulse pumped SPDC. Polarization Bell states can be prepared using this method without spectral and amplitude post-selection.
Delaware River plume response to a strong upwelling‐favorable wind event

[1] The mixing and secondary circulation in the Delaware River plume during a strong (10 m/s) upwelling-favorable wind event in April 2003 have been observed using a dye tracer. The dye, injected into the halocline at the base of the plume, was surveyed for more than a day as it moved 28 km off shore. The secondary circulation within the plume was resolved as the dye patch dispersed. This flow pattern conformed with numerical model results of Fong and Geyer [2001] involving an upwelling flow 8.4 × 10−5 m/s (∼7.3 m/day) and a subsequent near surface, offshore flow (∼0.09 m/s) across the plume. The salting rate of the plume implied a mean vertical diffusivity of ∼2 × 10−4 m2/s where the gradient Richardson number was approximately 0.6.
New advances in inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for routine measurements in the nuclear industry

Traditional methods of quantitation of radioactive isotopes includeradioactivity counting and thermal ion mass spectrometry (TIMS). These techniquesrequire extensive matrix separation and sample purification methods beforeunequivocal identification of specific isotopes and their relative abundanceis possible. Counting techniques become very time consuming when the half-lifeof the target analyte is very long or the concentration of the analyte low.Atom counting using ICP-MS meets the nuclear industry requirements for manyactinides and their daughter products. Recent improvements in quadrupole ICP-MSsignal-to-background have resulted in attogram mass detection capability andimproved analysis of shorter half-life isotopes.
Monotonicity of Zeros of Orthogonal Polynomials

We survey applications of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem to study monotonicity properties of zeros of certain special functions and orthogonal polynomials. We also describe other methods of establishing monotonicity of zeros of orthogonal polynomials. Some related open problems are mentioned.
Pervasive broadband: opportunities for signal processing

Summary form only given. With the emergence of broadband telecommunications, we are moving in well-measured steps from nearly universal telephony to increasingly pervasive multimedia services. The author describes some of the fundamental opportunities that this context presents to the practitioners of advanced signal processing. These opportunities span conventional media processing disciplines such as signal capture, compression, synthesis, recognition and information retrieval, as well as a rich collection of technologies that has come to be known as communications signal processing. He remarks particularly on opportunities for enhancing lifestyle in the broadband-enabled home of the future.
Values and Valuables: From the Sacred to the Symbolic

Values and Valuables: From the Sacred to the Symbolic. Cynthia Werner and Duran Bell, eds. New York: AltaMira Press, 2004. 326 pp.
Investigation of Future Air Taxi Services Using Discrete-Event Simulation

This work conducts an analysis of the marketing and logistical considerations of an air taxi service using a discrete-event simulation. The air taxi service consists of a small fleet of aircraft transporting passengers on-demand within a regional network of cities. The discrete-event simulation models airports, passengers, aircraft and an aircraft dispatcher. The study conducted attempts to answer the following questions: What effects will aircraft capacity or fleet size have on system performance? What effects will additional service have on system performance? A factorial experiment revealed: increasing aircraft capacity increases passenger wait times; and increasing the number of cities served increases the passenger wait times, number of flights, number of deadheads, and aircraft utilization rates.