cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of diet quality on energy expenditure by 20-month-old Alpine, Angora, Boer, and Spanish wethers

Abstract Six Alpine (47.7 ± 1.36 kg initial BW), Angora (28.8 ± 1.11 kg), Boer (87.5% Boer and 12.5% Spanish; 49.3 ± 2.17 kg), and Spanish (38.7 ± 0.51 kg) wethers (initial age of 19 months) were used to determine effects of genotype and diet quality on energy expenditure (EE) when fed near maintenance and fasted. The experiment consisted of four simultaneous crossovers, with 21 days for adaptation before measures. Diets were 65% concentrate (CON) or coarsely ground alfalfa hay (FOR). EE was determined from O 2 consumption and production of CO 2 and CH 4 with a head-box respiration calorimetry system, along with urinary N excretion, over 2-day periods in fed and fasted states (4 days fast). EE was expressed on the basis of average BW during the fasted measurement period. There were only significant interactions between genotype and diet in DM and gross energy intakes, which were due to differences in magnitude. Intake of ME was similar among genotypes and slightly greater ( P 0.75 ). Neither diet (373 and 371 kJ/kg BW 0.75 for CON and FOR, respectively; S.E. = 5.9) nor genotype (377, 377, 361, and 373 kJ/kg BW 0.75 by Alpine, Angora, Boer, and Spanish, respectively; S.E. = 9.3) influenced fed EE ( P > 0.10). Fasted EE was similar between diets but was greatest among genotypes ( P 0.75 by Alpine, Angora, Boer, and Spanish, respectively; S.E. = 7.2). In summary, based on fasting measures, it would not appear that dairy goat breeds, such as Alpine can minimize EE to the extent of other genotypes in response to very severe nutrient restriction, such as fasting. With mature, nonlactating goats and a level of feed intake near the ME m assumed for a constant and nonlimiting plane of nutrition, ME m may not differ markedly among genotypes. Although, higher levels of intake to support growth, milk production, or fiber growth could conceivably elicit differences among goat genotypes in ME m .
Is it a transition or a revolution

Abstract The power relationship in the world are currently undergoing a fundamental structural change, largely attributable to the microchip's transformation of the information technologies. The losers of power in this change are hierarchical organizational structures everywhere which have historically been erected and sustained on the control of limited information. The effect of the change is analogous to the Renaissance, when the clerical hierarchies lost their control of information to new secular enterprises. This time, however, the diffusion of power is much more widespread; and the drama of the next few decades is how power will accrete in the new electronic networks that are rapidly shrinking the globe.
alyron, an insertional mutation affecting early neural crest development in zebrafish.

Abstract alyron z12 ( aln ) is a recessive lethal mutation that affects early stages of neural crest development in the zebrafish. alyron appears to be an insertional mutation as the mutation was generated following microinjection of plasmid DNA into one-cell embryos and the stably integrated transgenic sequences are closely linked to the mutation. The insertion site harbors multiple copies of the plasmid sequence that have experienced complex rearrangements. Host–insert junction fragments have been molecularly cloned and host sequences adjacent to the transgene have been used to map the mutation to the distal arm of linkage group 15. alyron function is required cell-autonomously in the neural crest lineage. alyron mutants have a severe but not complete deficit of premigratory neural crest as judged by reduced expression of several markers associated with early stages of neural crest development. Lack of premigratory neural crest is likely to account for the two most conspicuous characteristics of alyron mutants: the absence of body pigmentation and the inability to affect blood circulation. The neural crest phenotype of alyron mutants resembles that observed in mouse mutants that lack Pax-3 or both Wnt-1 and Wnt-3a function, and expression of the zebrafish homologues of these genes is greatly reduced in the dorsal neural keels of alyron mutants. In contrast, ventral neural keel identity appears unaffected. Given our findings that the mutation is unlinked to pax or wnt genes that have been described in the zebrafish, we propose that alyron is a novel gene function required for the specification and/or proliferative expansion of neural crest progenitors.
The role of environmental transmission in recurrent avian influenza epidemics.

Avian influenza virus (AIV) persists in North American wild waterfowl, exhibiting major outbreaks every 2–4 years. Attempts to explain the patterns of periodicity and persistence using simple direct transmission models are unsuccessful. Motivated by empirical evidence, we examine the contribution of an overlooked AIV transmission mode: environmental transmission. It is known that infectious birds shed large concentrations of virions in the environment, where virions may persist for a long time. We thus propose that, in addition to direct fecal/oral transmission, birds may become infected by ingesting virions that have long persisted in the environment. We design a new host–pathogen model that combines within-season transmission dynamics, between-season migration and reproduction, and environmental variation. Analysis of the model yields three major results. First, environmental transmission provides a persistence mechanism within small communities where epidemics cannot be sustained by direct transmission only (i.e., communities smaller than the critical community size). Second, environmental transmission offers a parsimonious explanation of the 2–4 year periodicity of avian influenza epidemics. Third, very low levels of environmental transmission (i.e., few cases per year) are sufficient for avian influenza to persist in populations where it would otherwise vanish.
Glomerular selective permeability to macromolecular neutral dextrans in experimental diabetes.

Rats with streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetes mellitus develop a glomerulopathy functionally manifested by proteinuria. The ability of the glomerular capillary wall to retard filtration of macromolecules was examined in 5 chronically diabetic Munich-Wistar rats exhibiting excessive proteinuria (39±7mg/24h, mean±SEM) and 5 age-matched normal Munich-Wistar rats without increased proteinuria (4.7±0.2 mg/24 h). Urinary albumin excretion was not increased in the diabetic rats (2.0±0.6 mg/24h vs 1.6±0.3 mg/24h) suggesting that the normal net electronegative charge of the glomerular capillary wall was not altered. Fractional clearances of macromolecular neutral dextrans were similar in diabetic and normal rats throughout a wide range of molecular size (18–42 A). Glomerular filtration rate was the same in the two groups of rats (2.77±0.16ml/min in diabetics and 2.72±0.11ml/ min in normals) suggesting that renal haemodynamic factors did not influence fractional clearances of neutral dextrans in diabetic rats. We conclude that the proteinuria exhibited by these chronically diabetic rats is not attributable to alterations of size-selective properties of the glomerular capillary wall, such as increases in the size or the number of pores.
Freedom in Decline

* Occasionally, The Review of Education publishes more than one review of a single book. Because of the significance of Richard L. Hopkins's Freedom and Education: The Beginnings of a New Philosoph...
Disease Knows No Borders: The Emergence and Institutionalization of Public Health Transnationalism on the US–Mexico Border

This historical sociological case study examines the emergence and institutionalization of public health transnationalism on the US–Mexico border in the 1940s, shedding light on actors, mechanisms, and processes that preceded the enactment of the World Health Organization. Though the United States instigated the border's first cross-border public health project and provided financing and professional leadership, cooperation took root through transboundary brokerage and associational activities. The Pan American Sanitary Bureau brokered networks and the US–Mexico Border Public Health Association constructed a sense of community, creating a durable, though unequal, arena for public health cooperation still active today.
Subpixel target detection in hyperspectral imagery using piece-wise convex spatial-spectral unmixing, possibilistic and fuzzy clustering, and co-registered LiDAR

A new algorithm for subpixel target detection in hyperspectral imagery is proposed which uses the PFCM-FLICM-PCE algorithm to model and estimate the parameters of the image background. This method uses the piece-wise convex mixing model with spatial-spectral constraints, and uses possibilistic and fuzzy clustering techniques to find the piece-wise convex regions and robustly estimate the parameters. A method for integrating the elevation measurements of a co-registered LiDAR sensor is also proposed. The performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated on a real-world dataset with emplaced detection targets.
Percolation Theory Generates a Physically Based Description of Tortuosity in Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media

Tortuosity is a property of porous media that is invoked and used in the literature on hydrology, soil science, physics, and engineering. It has been defined in a variety of ways, one of which is a purely geometrical concept. In this study, we focused on the geometrical tortuosity and developed a model based on percolation theory and the finite-size scaling approach. Our result, developed for porous media of any saturation, expresses the tortuosity as a power-law function of the water content, the critical water content, and the system size. The model parameters include the fractal dimension of either the backbone (the flow-carrying part of porous media) or the optimal path (for crossing the system between two opposite faces), which have clear physical meaning. The results may be combined with power laws, which percolation theory provides for the hydraulic or electrical conductivity, to develop the appropriate form that expresses the connectivity as a function of the water content of a pore space. Comparison with numerical simulations and experiments reported in the literature indicated that the model estimates the tortuosity accurately. Our model and results leads us to conclude that pore connectivity and tortuosity should be treated as two distinct properties and that significant uncertainty in results for the saturation dependence of the hydraulic conductivity is traceable to the confusion that mixes the two as a single concept.
One sample goodness of fit tests in presence of shape restrictions on the hazard rate function

We consider testing the hypothesis that a set of lifetimes is a random sample from a population with a specified parametric hazard rate function against an unspecified nonparametric alternative satisfying a shape restriction, such as increasing, increasing convex, convex, or concave-convex. We introduce a one sample bootstrap based test using a statistic obtained by integrating the absolute difference between a nonparametrically estimated hazard function under shape restrictions and a parametric hazard function under the null model. We propose a hybrid bootstrap scheme to compute the p-value of our test statistic. We evaluate the performance of our test statistic via extensive simulation studies and illustrate it on two real data sets.
Prolonged reversal of morphine tolerance with no reversal of dependence by protein kinase C inhibitors.

The phosphatidylinositol (PI) cascade plays a pivotal role in mediating behavioral tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of morphine. Earlier we reported that antinociceptive tolerance was completely reversed 30 min after the administration of inhibitors of each step in the PI cascade. The aim of this study was to determine whether injection of a single dose of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor would elicit a prolonged reversal of morphine tolerance for up to 24 h. Three days after implantation of placebo- or 75-mg morphine pellets, mice received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of vehicle or PKC inhibitor drug. Morphine challenge doses were then administered 4, 8 and 24 h later to test for tolerance reversal. In non-tolerant mice, Go-7874 and sangivamycin had no effect on the potency of morphine. However, Go-7874 and sangivamycin significantly reversed morphine tolerance at 4, 8 and 24 h. In addition, the role of PKC in morphine physical dependence was determined. Go-7874 and sangivamycin by themselves did not precipitate spontaneous morphine withdrawal. Therefore, experiments were conducted to determine whether the PKC inhibitors would block naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. However, neither a 30-min nor a 24-h pretreatment with Go-7874 or sangivamycin blocked naloxone withdrawal. Our results along with other publications indicate that PKC is a pivotal kinase essential for maintaining animals in an opioid tolerant state. Finally, the use of persistent PKC inhibitors that lasted for 24 h demonstrated that the neuronal systems in these animals did not adapt by increasing the activity of other protein kinase cascades to re-establish morphine tolerance.
Mapping Geo-Pathogenic Zones and required instrumentation

Geo-Pathogenic Zones, the areas on Earth's surface where drastic disturbances of natural electromagnetic field are detected, and their dire effects are no longer a mystery. Present human health issues cannot be resolved without considering the influence of the natural environment on human organisms. In light of recent advances in physics this important problem can no longer be ignored. The technological level of today's electrical engineering progress enables us to develop special instruments for scanning and mapping vast areas of landscapes to reveal potentially harmful factors. Geo-pathogenic zones (GPZ) are a major cause of natural impact on humans. Interaction of Earth's electromagnetic fields with local electro-physical heterogeneities are considered as a base of GPZ. Extremely low frequency electric fields, ELFEF, influencing the human brain, have been experimentally confirmed. The spinning electric field, another important phenomenon which can affect humans, has been revealed and established experimentally. The instruments depicting negative influence of GPZ can also be employed for water prospecting due to their capability to detect ELFEF and spinning fields. The results of this research are shown as electro-physical mechanisms of GPZ.
Development of a distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling framework.

A distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling system was developed with a geographic information system (GIS) to enhance the functionality of i-Tree Eco (i-Tree, 2011). With the developed system, temperature, leaf area index (LAI) and air pollutant concentration in a spatially distributed form can be estimated, and based on these and other input variables, dry deposition of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) to trees can be spatially quantified. Employing nationally available road network, traffic volume, air pollutant emission/measurement and meteorological data, the developed system provides a framework for the U.S. city managers to identify spatial patterns of urban forest and locate potential areas for future urban forest planting and protection to improve air quality. To exhibit the usability of the framework, a case study was performed for July and August of 2005 in Baltimore, MD.
Biomechanical principles ofarthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff

For an arthroscopic rotator-cuff repair to be structurally sound, it must be based on a solid foundation of biomechanicalprinciples. During arthroscopic rotator-cuff repair, the arthroscopist must make operative decisions based on a logical stepwise application of these mechanical principles in order to optimize the success of treatment. This article reviews the authors' current perspective on the biomechanical aspects of arthroscopic rotator-cuff repair. At each operative step, the authors review the mechanical aspects of each step so that the reader may make an informed decision during surgery and perform the optimal arthroscopic rotator-cuff repair.
Community-Based Values for 2009 Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 Illnesses and Vaccination-Related Adverse Events

Objective To evaluate community-based values for avoiding pandemic influenza (A) H1N1 (pH1N1) illness and vaccination-related adverse events in adults and children. Methods Adult community members were randomly selected from a nationally representative research panel to complete an internet survey (response rate = 65%; n = 718). Respondents answered a series of time trade-off questions to value four hypothetical health state scenarios for varying ages (1, 8, 35, or 70 years): uncomplicated pH1N1 illness, pH1N1 illness-related hospitalization, severe allergic reaction to the pH1N1 vaccine, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. We calculated descriptive statistics for time trade-off amounts and derived quality adjusted life year losses for these events. Multivariate regression analyses evaluated the effect of scenario age, as well as respondent socio-demographic and health characteristics on time trade-off amounts. Results Respondents were willing to trade more time to avoid the more severe outcomes, hospitalization and Guillain-Barre syndrome. In our adjusted and unadjusted analyses, age of the patient in the scenario was significantly associated with time trade-off amounts (p-value<0.05), with respondents willing to trade more time to prevent outcomes in children versus adults. Persons who had received the pH1N1 vaccination were willing to trade significantly more time to avoid hospitalization, severe allergic reaction, and Guillain-Barre syndrome, controlling for other variables in adjusted analyses.(p-value<0.05) Conclusions Community members placed the highest value on preventing outcomes in children, compared with adults, and the time trade-off values reported were consistent with the severity of the outcomes presented. Considering these public values along with other decision-making factors may help policy makers improve the allocation of pandemic vaccine resources.
Virtual machine-provided context sensitive page mappings

Context sensitive page mappings provide different mappings from virtual addresses to physical page frames depending on whether a memory reference occurs in a data or instruction context. Such differences can be used to modify the behavior of programs that reference their executable code in a data context. Previous work has demonstrated several applications of context sensitive page mappings, including protection against buffer-overrun attacks and circumvention of self-checksumming codes. We extend context sensitive page mappings to the virtual machine monitor, allowing operation independent of the guest operating system. Our technique takes advantage of the VMM's role in enforcing protection between guest operating systems to interpose on guest OS memory management operations and selectively introduce context sensitive page mappings.In this paper, we describe extensions to the Xen hypervisor that support context sensitive page mappings in unmodified guest operating systems. We demonstrate the utility of our technique in a case study by instrumenting and modifying self-checksumming tamper-resistant binaries. We further demonstrate that context sensitive page mappings can be provided by the VMM without incurring extensive overhead. Our measurements indicate only minor performance penalties stem from use of this technique. We suggest several further applications of VMM-provided context sensitive page mappings, including OS hardening and protection of processes from malicious applications.
Upper limit on the cross section for nuclear charge pickup by relativistic uranium ions.

We have searched for examples of nuclear charge pickup by relativistic uranium ions in targets of both uranium and phosphate glass. We find none, which allows us to set an upper limit of 7.7 mb per target atom at the 90% confidence level on the cross section for this process. An extrapolation of the approximately quadratic dependence on projectile charge of the cross section for charge pickup predicts a cross section which would be {similar to}10 times larger. This breakdown in the scaling can be understood by the propensity of the actinides to fission upon the deposition of sufficient excitation energy.
Using ESDA with social weights to analyze spatial and social patterns of preschool children's behavior

Abstract To study the development of spatial and social behavior of preschool children, micro-level spatiotemporal data were collected for the first time in both spatial and social context using a novel behavioral coding system. These unique behavioral data enable us to explore the group-level, dynamic, spatial, and social patterns of preschool children's playing behavior from a hybrid geographic and social perspective. In this research, GIS and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) techniques are employed together to study group-level spatial and social behavior emerging from children's everyday activities and interactions. ESDA with social weights is proposed to explore spatial and social patterns of preschool children's behavior at the same time. The results highlight the utility of this approach for studying the relationships between preschool children's playing behavior and preschool's environmental settings and the relationships between preschool children's personal activities and the formation of their social network space.
Role of visual impulsation in the development of receptor properties of synaptosomal membranes with age

1. Early visual deprivation has an inhibitory effect on activity of mediator receptor interaction, studied in relation to binding of serotonin and tryptamine by synaptosomes of structures of the visual system of the rabbit brain. 2. Restoration of visual function leads to normalization of the activity of this process. 3. The regular correlation observed between visual impulsation and activity of mediator-receptor interaction suggests that serotonin plays a specific and, evidently, neuromediator role in the visual system. 4. The lower degree of recovery of the ability of synaptosomes of the visual system to interact with tryptamine compared with serotonin suggests that tryptaminergic receptors possess different subsites for binding these two indoleamines.
Metabolic disease in HIV infection.

Summary The treatment of metabolic disease is becoming an increasingly important component of the long-term management of patients with well controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Metabolic diseases probably develop at the intersection of traditional risk factors (such as obesity, tobacco use, and genetic predisposition) and HIV-specific and ART-specific contributors (including chronic inflammation and immune activation). This Review discusses present knowledge on adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin–glucose homoeostasis, lipid disturbances, and cardiovascular disease risk in people with HIV on ART. Although new antiretroviral drugs are believed to induce fewer short-term metabolic perturbations than do older drugs, the long-term effects of these drugs are not fully understood. Additionally, patients remain at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other metabolic comorbidities. Research and treatment should focus on selection of ART that is both virologically effective and has minimum metabolic effects, minimisation of traditional risk factors for metabolic disease, and development of novel therapies to treat metabolic disease in patients with HIV, including use of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs.
Emergency facilities location

Abstract This paper considers the problem of locating two emergency stations in a small township so as to minimize the total response time to all emergencies. This problem was solved by a computer program which determines the response time for all possible solutions and finds the optimal one. The problem was first approached by assuming that emergencies occur only at the center of blocks and that stations are located only on street corners. The problem was then generalized to allow the emergencies and stations to be located anywhere along the streets. The paper concludes that the optimal solution for the general case is the same as that for the simpler case. For the particular case of the township of Rio Rancho, the optimal locations for the two stations were found to be at coordinates (3, 2) and (3, 6). For Rio Rancho the problem was complicated by the presence of obstacles; however, in this township they did not affect the optimal solution. Test cases confirmed the program's validity.
From victim to survivor: A woman's narrative reconstruction of marital sexual abuse

(1989). From victim to survivor: A woman's narrative reconstruction of marital sexual abuse. Smith College Studies in Social Work: Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 232-251.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of DNA

We report a method for obtaining highly reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of single and double-stranded thiolated DNA oligomers. Following a protocol that relaxes the DNA into an extended conformation, SERS spectra of DNA oligonucleotides are found to be extremely similar, strongly dominated by the Stokes modes of adenine. A spectral correlation function analysis useful for assessing reproducibility and for quantifying the highly complex changes corresponding to modifications in molecular conformation of the adsorbate molecules is introduced. This approach is used to monitor the interaction of DNA with cisplatin, a chemotherapy agent in widespread use.
MEMS interdigitated electrode pattern optimization for a unimorph piezoelectric beam

This paper presents optimization of interdigitated (d 33 ) piezoelectric MEMS unimorph cantilever beams for harvesting vibration energy or for tuning resonators. The analysis of the poling behavior of the piezoelectric material is the key feature. While it is common that simplified models of interdigitated piezoelectric devices assume some uniform and well-defined poling pattern, the finite element modeling used in this work shows that not to be the case. A percent poling factor is developed to investigate the real losses associated with non-uniform poling. A parametric study in terms of electrode patterns, piezoelectric layer dimensions, and electrode dimensions is carried out to examine their effect on the percent poling factor. Design guidelines are provided to help ensure that such piezoelectric MEMS devices are developed to obtain optimum energy harvesting or tuning performance.
Role Conflict and Ambiguity: A Scale Analysis

Abstract Role theory has been suggested as the conceptual framework in which to relate or join the properties of the organization and the individual. Two major concepts from role theory are role conflict and ambiguity. Role conflict and ambiguity, measured with scales developed by Rizzo, House, and Lirtzman (1970) have been used in most of the recent studies on role perceptions. Although the scales are frequently related to attitudinal and behavioral variables, they have remained relatively unexamined. This paper is an examination of the psychometric properties of the role conflict and ambiguity scales, including the factor structure, coefficients of congruency, internal reliabilities, test-retest reliabilities, absolute levels of conflict and ambiguity, and correlations with additional attitudinal and behavioral variables. The analysis is conducted across six samples. The results suggest that continued use of role conflict and role ambiguity scales appears to be warranted.
Profiling Mitochondrial Proteins in Radiation-Induced Genome-Unstable Cell Lines with Persistent Oxidative Stress by Mass Spectrometry

Previous work by Morgan and coworkers on radiation-induced genome instability in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines showed that unstable LS-12 cells had persistently elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were likely due to dysfunctional mitochondria. To further investigate the correlation between radiation-induced genome instability and dysfunctional mitochondria, we performed quantitative high-throughput mass spectrometry on samples enriched in mitochondrial proteins from three chromosomally unstable CHO cell lines and their stable unirradiated GM10115 parental cell line. Out of several hundred identified proteins, sufficient data were collected on 74 mitochondrial proteins to test for statistically significant differences in their abundance between unstable and stable cell lines. The LS-12 cell line, which exhibited the highest level of ROS among the three unstable cell lines, was characterized by eight significantly down-regulated mitochondrial proteins, all associated with the TCA (tricarboxylic acid). Elevated levels of ROS relative to the unirradiated parental control were also statistically significant for the CS-9 cell line. The protein profile of CS-9 revealed five significantly up-regulated mitochondrial proteins, three of which are involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Elevation of ROS in the unstable 115 cell line was nearly as large as that seen in CS-9 cells but was not statistically significant. The mitochondrial protein profile of 115 cells showed significant down-regulation of acetyl-CoA-acetyltransferase, which was also down-regulated in LS-12, and two other proteins with abundances that were significantly different from control levels but were not directly related to either the TCA or oxidative phosphorylation. These results provide further evidence that elevated ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with radiation-induced genome instability; however, additional work is required to establish a firm mechanistic relationship between these end points.
Developing Technology-Integrated Field Experience Sites in Urban Schools: Approaches, Assumptions, and Lessons Learned.

The Teachers Infusing Technology in Urban Schools project (TITUS) at the University of Illinois at Chicago is developing an approach for addressing the shortage of opportunities for teacher candidates to experience technology being used effectively in high-need urban schools in the course of their field experiences. Beyond recruiting mentor teachers who are already adept at teaching with technology, our work has involved developing communities of experienced teachers within urban schools – prospective mentors for preservice candidates – whom we support in learning to teach with technology. In our first year of intensive work with these groups of potential mentors, we have found a number of assumptions and patterns of interaction that can present problems for infusing technology, and we have explored a number of strategies for addressing them. These challenges often involve a tradeoff between different approaches to professional development. Some of these challenges are presented in the paper, followed by examples of how we have addressed them in our project.
Delayed Transcaval Renal Penetration Of A Greenfield Filter Presenting As Symptomatic Hydronephrosis

In general, inferior vena caval filters are associated with low morbidity and mortality. Rarely, penetration of the inferior vena cava can occur, causing injury to adjacent structures. To our knowledge we report the first case of inferior vena caval filter penetration causing symptomatic hydronephrosis. CASE REPORT
Sigma-delta analog to LPC feature converters for portable recognition interfaces

For many recognition systems, the feature extraction unit forms the most computationally intensive and power consuming component. In this paper, we present a design of an analog-to-information converter that directly produces a pulse-encoded representation of linear predictive coded (LPC) features corresponding to an input analog signal. At the core of proposed design is a sigma-delta modulation procedure that is embedded within a learning step. Measured results from a fabricated prototype in a 0.5µm CMOS technology demonstrate the real-time functionality of the learner in extracting 6-dimensional online LPC features from input speech signal while consuming only 450 µW.
Yield of Turkey Parts in Relation to Turkey Roll Composition

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE further processing of ready-to-cook turkeys is rapidly expanding, resulting in the need for more specific information on the yield of parts. Since previous work has indicated that yield of parts may differ between strains, it is possible that processors may soon be selecting turkeys by strain for further processsing and whole bird merchandising. Another problem that exists in the further processing field is that roll composition is not definitely established. Therefore, formulae for predicting composition of turkey rolls of different sizes would be of considerable value to the industry as a whole. A review by Fry et al. (1962) indicated the wide variation in yield of parts reported in earlier papers was due to differences in procedure in cutting and in methods of calculating percentages. Fry et al. (1962) determined yield of parts from turkeys of different commercial strains and reported average breast yields of 32.5% for males …
Evidence for and against epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the liver

The outcome of liver injury is determined by the success of repair. Liver repair involves replacement of damaged liver tissue with healthy liver epithelial cells (including both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes) and reconstruction of normal liver structure and function. Current dogma posits that replication of surviving mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes drives the regeneration of liver epithelium after injury, whereas failure of liver repair commonly leads to fibrosis, a scarring condition in which hepatic stellate cells, the main liver-resident mesenchymal cells, play the major role. The present review discusses other mechanisms that might be responsible for the regeneration of new liver epithelial cells and outgrowth of matrix-producing mesenchymal cells during hepatic injury. This theory proposes that, during liver injury, some epithelial cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), acquire myofibroblastic phenotypes/features, and contribute to fibrogenesis, whereas certain mesenchymal cells (namely hepatic stellate cells and stellate cell-derived myofibroblasts) undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), revert to epithelial cells, and ultimately differentiate into either hepatocytes or cholangiocytes. Although this theory is highly controversial, it suggests that the balance between EMT and MET modulates the outcome of liver injury. This review summarizes recent advances that support or refute the concept that certain types of liver cells are capable of phenotype transition (i.e., EMT and MET) during both culture conditions and chronic liver injury.
Molecular Cloning, Immunochemical Localization to the Vacuole, and Expression in Transgenic Yeast and Tobacco of a Putative Sugar Transporter from Sugar Beet

Several plant genes have been cloned that encode members of the sugar transporter subgroup of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. Here we report the cloning, expression, and membrane localization of one of these porters found in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). This clone, cDNA-1, codes for a protein with 490 amino acids and an estimated molecular mass of 54 kD. The predicted membrane topology and sequence homology suggest that cDNA-1 is a member of the sugar transporter family. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that this putative sugar transporter is expressed in all vegetative tissues and expression increases with development in leaves. DNA gel blot analysis indicated that multiple gene copies exist for this putative sugar transporter in the sugar beet genome. Antibodies directed against small peptides representing the N- and C-terminal domains of the cDNA1 protein identified a 40-kD polypeptide in microsomes isolated from cDNA-1-transformed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Moreover, the same protein was identified in sugar beet and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) membrane fractions. Detailed analysis of the transporter9s distribution across linear sucrose gradients and flotation centrifugations showed that it co-migrates with tonoplast membrane markers. We conclude that this carrier is located on the tonoplast membrane and that it may mediate sugar partitioning between the vacuole and cytoplasmic compartments.
Nanoscale tera-hertz metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors

Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM PDs) with finger spacing and width as small as 25 nm were fabricated on bulk and low-temperature (LT) grown GaAs and crystalline Si using ultra-high-resolution electron-beam lithography. High-speed electrooptic characterization with a 100-fs pulsed laser showed that the fastest MSM PDs had finger spacing and width, full width at half maximum response time, and 3-dB bandwidth, respectively, of 300 nm, 0.87 ps, and 0.51 THz for LT-GaAs; 100 nm, 1.5 ps, and 0.3 THz for bulk GaAs; and 100 nm, 10.7 ps, and 41 GHz for crystalline Si. Monte Carlo simulation was used to understand the impulse response of the MSM PDs and to explore the ultimate speed limitation of transmit-time-limited MSM PDs on GaAs and Si. Factors that are important to detector capacitance were identified using a conformal mapping method. Based on the experimental data, Monte Carlo simulation, and calculation of detector capacitance, scaling rules for achieving high-speed MSM PDs are presented. >
Single-machine group scheduling problems with deterioration and learning effects

In many situations, the skills of workers continuously improve when repeating the same or similar tasks. This phenomenon is known as the ldquolearning effectrdquo in the literature. There exist two kinds of learning effects. The first is position dependent, the learning phenomenon is implemented by assuming the actual job processing time is a function of its scheduled position. And the second is time dependent, the actual job processing time is the function of the total normal processing time of the previous jobs scheduled in front of it. In many realistic situations, a group processed later consumes more setup time than the same group when it is processed earlier; this phenomenon is known as deteriorating phenomenon. However, both the learning effects and deteriorating effects are relatively unexplored together in the context of group technology. In this paper, we consider two models of single-machine scheduling problems in the context of group technology where setup times are simple linear functions of their starting times and the jobs in the same group have learning effect are considered. In the first one, the position dependent learning effect is considered, whereas the second one concerns with the time dependent learning effect. For both of the problems, the makespan minimization objective is discussed.
Perspectives on Telepractice

Within health-care settings, the terms telemedicine, telehealth, e-health, and telepractice refer to the use of advanced telecommunications, information, and medical technologies to improve access ...
Evidence that α-Synuclein Does Not Inhibit Phospholipase D

α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a small cytosolic protein of unknown function, which is highly enriched in the brain. It is genetically linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD) in that missense mutations or multiplication of the gene encoding αSyn causes early onset familial PD. Furthermore, the neuropathological hallmarks of both sporadic and familial PD, Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, contain insoluble aggregates of αSyn. Several studies have reported evidence that αSyn can inhibit phospholipase D (PLD), which hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to form phosphatidic acid and choline. Although various hypotheses exist regarding the roles of αSyn in health and disease, no other specific biochemical function for this protein has been reported to date. Because PLD inhibition could represent an important function of αSyn, we sought to extend existing reports on this interaction. Using purified proteins, we tested the ability of αSyn to inhibit PLD activity in cell-free assays. We also examined several cell lines and transfection...
Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIÉ): qualitative analysis of a clinical trial in older adults with dementia

Objectives: Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIE) is a novel, integrative exercise program for individuals with dementia that combines elements of different conventional and complementary exercise modalities (e.g. tai-chi, yoga, Feldenkrais, and dance movement therapy) and focuses on training procedural memory for basic functional movements (e.g., sit-to-stand) while increasing mindful body awareness and facilitating social connection. This study presents analyses of qualitative data collected during a 36-week cross-over pilot clinical trial in 11 individuals.Methods: Qualitative data included exercise instructors’ written notes, which were prepared after each class and also following biweekly telephone calls with caregivers and monthly home visits; three video-recorded classes; and written summaries prepared by research assistants following pre- and post-intervention quantitative assessments. Data were extracted for each study participant and placed onto a timeline for month of observat...
Advanced high-efficiency concentrator tandem solar cells

Computer modeling studies of two-junction concentrator tandem solar cells show that infrared (IR)-responsive bottom cells are essential to achieve the highest performance levels in both terrestrial and space applications. These studies also show that medium-bandgap/low-bandgap tandem pairs hold a clear performance advantage under concentration when compared to high-bandgap/medium-bandgap pairs, even at high operating temperatures (up to 100 degrees C). Consequently, two novel concentrator tandem designs that utilize low-bandgap bottom cells have been investigated. These include mechanically stacked, four-terminal GaAs-0.95-eV-GaInAsP tandem, and monolithic, lattice-matched. three-terminal InP-0.75-eV-GaInAs tandem. In preliminary experiments, terrestrial concentrator efficiencies exceeding 30% have been achieved with each of these designs. Methods for improving the efficiency of each tandem are discussed. >
Biopsies of the Janeway Lesion of Infective Endocarditis

Janeway lesions in three patients with infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus were biopsied. Two taken before therapy, showed evidence of suppuration and microabscesses. The other lesion which developed while the patient was on appropriate therapy, showed minimal inflammatory reaction.
Commentary: Demonstrating Cost-Effectiveness in Pediatric Psychology

Objective Changes in the health care system and payment plans will likely require pediatric psychologists to illustrate the impact of their services. Cost-effectiveness analyses are one method of demonstrating the potential economic benefits of our services but are rarely used by pediatric psychologists. Method A hypothetical cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted, comparing the costs and outcomes between a behavioral adherence intervention and no intervention for youth with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Results Results illustrate how pediatric psychologists can use cost-effectiveness analyses to demonstrate the economic impact of their work. Conclusions Efforts to conduct economic analyses could allow pediatric psychologists to advocate for their services. Implications and future directions are discussed.
A study of conformal microstrip antennas

A method of analyzing the radiation properties of conformal microstrip patch antennas is presented. The technique utilizes the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) in conjunction with the cavity model theory of microstrip antennas. The structures under consideration are composed of patch antennas which are mounted upon finitely dimensioned conducting bodies or surfaces. Emphasis is on the efficient evaluation of radiated fields and the application of the analysis to a variety of canonically shaped bodies including truncated cones, cylinders, and plates. Using this procedure, the diffractive effects of finite, microstrip antenna ground planes have been examined in the study of circularly polarized path antennas. It has been determined that appropriate selection of ground plane dimensions can appreciably reduce the spatial variation of axial ratio and tilt angle. >
Religious Conversion and Personality Change

The question of whether religious conversion causes changes in someone's personality is examined in light of two bodies of literature—the research on personality change and the research on conversion. When the theory and research on personality change is applied to the question of whether conversion causes such change, the answer depends on what level of personality is of concern. Research on the relation between religious conversion and a variety of behavioral, attitudinal, emotional, and lifestyle variables is consistent with this conclusion. Although conversion seems to have minimal effect on elemental functions such as the Big Five traits or temperaments, it can result in profound, life transforming changes in mid-level functions such as goals, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors, and in the more self-defining personality
Frequency detection-based boundary-scan testing of AC coupled nets

The use of AC coupling capacitors on high-speed interconnects prevents the use of traditional DC-based boundary-scan techniques to test for board manufacturing defects. A solution is provided by a novel scheme that makes use of frequency discrimination using simple digital circuits that are easily integrated with the 1149.1 boundary-scan standard. Simulation results are presented which show the effectiveness of this method, and its robustness and scalability are compared with alternative solutions.
Economic growth in the long run

Abstract We present new data on real output per worker, schooling per worker, human capital per worker, real physical capital per worker for 168 countries. The output data represent all available data from Maddison. The physical capital data represent all available data from Mitchell. One major contribution is a new data set of human capital per worker, the foundation of which comes mostly from Mitchell. We provide original estimates of schooling per worker & per young worker. Using standard Mincer human capital construction, we find that variation in inputs can explain about 46% of the variation in long run living standards using standard covariance accounting. With capital intensity covariance accounting, variation in inputs explains about 25% of the variation in long run living standards. With intergenerational human capital accumulation with or without spillovers, we find that variation in inputs can explain at least half of the long run variation in living standards.
Reliability, Validity, and Diagnostic Value of a Pediatric Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Scale.

Abstract Background: Accurate body composition assessment is critical to identify children who are overfat or obese. Unlike BMI measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) differentiates between lean and fat mass. However, bioelectrical impedance analysis has historically had questionable reliability and validity in children. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability, validity, and diagnostic value of a portable BIA scale (Tanita BF-689; Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) designed specifically for use within the pediatric population. Methods: Fifty-five children (males = 26; females = 29) had percent body fat (%BF) assessed twice using BIA and once using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for reliability. Mean difference and limits of agreement were calculated for convergent validity. Sensitivity/specificity for healthy, overfat, and obese classification were assessed. Results: Test-retest ICC was 0.999 (0.999, 0.999). The I...