cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conspicuous Silence: Veterans and the Depoliticization of War Memory in China*

This paper explores the unusually weak voice of Chinese war veterans in post-1949 politics society and culture. Although Chinese movies and television often feature military-related themes, it is rare to find frank and politicized depictions of China's military conflicts. In this respect, China departs sharply from the former Soviet Union—China's Leninist model for most of its formative years—as well as Vietnam, European inter-war fascist regimes and democracies. This paper argues that the relative weakness of authentic military voices in China can be traced to several peculiar features of modern Chinese history. The nature of warfare in China, as well as the absence of a national army, veteran organizations and a consensus over the legitimacy about China's wars, has led many to question the validity of veterans’ claims for a higher political and cultural status. Rather than allow veterans the space to portray war as they experienced it, intellectual elites in various cultural and propaganda offices dominate national war memory, presenting a simplistic and artificial rendering of China's wars.
Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in California: Longevity, Oviposition, and Development in Canning Olives in the Laboratory and Greenhouse

ABSTRACT The biology of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), was studied in the laboratory, greenhouse, and in canning olives, Olea europaea L., in relation to California regional climates. Adults survived in laboratory tests at constant temperatures and relative humidities of 5°C and 83%; 15°C and 59%; 25°C and 30%; and 35°C and 29% for 15, 6, 3, and 2 d without provisions of food and water and for 37, 63, 25, and 4 d with provisions, respectively. In a divided greenhouse, adults survived for 8–11 d in the warm side (36°C and 31% RH daytime) ; and in the cool side (26°C and 63% RH daytime) 10 d without provisions and 203 d with provisions. A significantly greater number of adults survived in the cool side than the warm side, and with provisions than without. First and last eggs were oviposited in olive fruit when females were 6 and 90 d old, respectively. The highest number of eggs was 55 per day in 10 olive fruit oviposited by 10 28 d-old females, with maximum egg production by 13–37 d-old females...
Phase diagram of the superfluid phases of 3 He in 98% aerogel

The phase diagram of the superfluid phases of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ in 98% aerogel was determined in the range of pressure from 15 to 33 bars and for fields up to 3 kG using high-frequency sound. The superfluid transition in aerogel at 33.4 bars is field independent from 0 to 5 kG and shows no evidence of an ${A}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{A}_{2}$ splitting. The first-order transition between the A and B phases is suppressed by a magnetic field, and exhibits strong supercooling at high pressures. We show that the equilibrium phase in zero applied field is the B phase with at most a region of A phase $\ensuremath{\lesssim}20 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ just below ${T}_{c}$ at a pressure of 33.4 bars. This is in contrast to pure ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ which has a large stable region of A phase and a polycritical point. The quadratic coefficient for magnetic-field suppression of the $\mathrm{AB}$ transition, ${g}_{a}(\ensuremath{\beta}),$ was obtained. The pressure dependence of ${g}_{a}(\ensuremath{\beta})$ is markedly different from that to the pure superfluid, ${g}_{0}(\ensuremath{\beta}),$ which diverges at a polycritical pressure of 21 bars. We compare our results with calculations from the homogeneous scattering model for ${g}_{a}(\ensuremath{\beta}),$ defined in a Ginzburg-Landau theory in terms of strong-coupling parameters \ensuremath{\beta}. We find qualitatively good agreement with the experiment if the strong-coupling corrections are rescaled from known values of the \ensuremath{\beta}'s for pure ${}^{3}\mathrm{He},$ reduced by the suppression of the superfluid transition temperature. The calculations indicate that the polycritical pressure in the aerogel system is displaced well above the melting pressure and out of experimental reach. We cannot account for the puzzling supercooling of the aerogel $\mathrm{AB}$ transition in zero applied field within the framework of known nucleation scenarios.
Incorporation of acetate-2-14C into human erythrocyte stroma as a function of storage.

IN an effort to elucidate the changes which may occur in the dynamic state of stroma constituents during storage of human erythrocytes (reported in part at the “Symposium on the Structural and Cellular Dynamics of the Red Blood Cell”, June 1953: National Research Council, Washington, D.C.), we have studied the incorporation of acetate-2-14C into red cell stroma under in vitro conditions using a technique previously described1. Venous blood from healthy donors was drawn under sterile conditions into cold ACD solution (each 100 c.c. of the ACD solution contained 2.45 gm. glucose, 1.37 gm. sodium citrate and 0.50 gm. of citric acid; 0.24 c.c. of ACD solution was added to each c.c. of blood) and then distributed as aliquots into an appropriate number of sterile tubes. These tubes were carefully sealed to prevent evaporation and were stored in two groups, one group at 4° C. and the other group at 37° C. At the intervals indicated in Fig. 1, tubes were removed from the storage conditions and the incorporation of acetate-2-14C into the total stromal fraction of the stored cells was determined. The composition of the incubation mixture for measurement of acetate incorporation was: 12.0 ml. of ACD-preserved whole blood, 1.5 ml. isotonic phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, 0.6 ml. of 0.3 M glucose in 0.9 per cent sodium chloride, and 1.5 ml. of sodium acetate-14C (approximately 80 mgm.) in 0.9 per cent sodium chloride. The total amount of radioactivity added as labelled acetate varied from 4.9 to 6.3 × 106 disintegrations per minute per 12 ml. of whole, preserved blood.
Conventional- vs microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of tin oxide, SnO2 nanoparticles

Tin oxide nanophases or nanoparticles were synthesized under conventional- and microwave-hydrothermal conditions and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, BET surface area determination as well as transmission electron microscopy. The use of microwave-hydrothermal (M-H) process led to higher yields in shorter time compared to the conventional-hydrothermal (C-H) process because of increased reaction rates in the former.
Heavy Metal Distribution and Bioaccumulation in Chihuahuan Desert Rough Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex Rugosus) Populations

Abstract Heavy metal contamination can negatively impact arid ecosystems; however a thorough examination of bioaccumulation patterns has not been completed. We analyzed the distribution of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soils, seeds and ant ( Pogonomyrmex rugosus ) populations of the Chihuahuan Desert near El Paso, TX, USA. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb in soils, seeds and ants declined as a function of distance from a now inactive Cu and Pb smelter and all five metals bioaccumulated in the granivorous ants. The average bioaccumulation factors for the metals from seeds to ants ranged from 1.04× (As) to 8.12× (Cd). The findings show bioaccumulation trends in linked trophic levels in an arid ecosystem and further investigation should focus on the impacts of heavy metal contamination at the community level.
Diffusion of a trace gas into a flowing carrier

Numerical Methods were used to solve the differential equation for diffusion of a trace gas into a flowing carrier gas having a parabolic velocity profile in a cylindrical tube. Steady state solutions are given in the form of contour diagrams of constant trace gas concentration.
Predictive factors of persistence and recovery: Pathways of childhood stuttering

This article presents broad preliminary findings from a longitudinal study of stuttering pertaining to differentiation of developmental paths of childhood stuttering, as well as possible early prediction of High Risk, Low Risk, and No Risk for chronic stuttering. More than 100 preschool children who stutter have been closely followed for several years from near the onset of stuttering using a multiple data collection system, with 45 nonstuttering children serving as controls. Thirty-two stuttering and 32 control subjects who have progressed through several stages of the investigation were identified for the present indepth analyses. They represent four subgroups: I. Persistent Stuttering; II. Late Recovery; III. Early Recovery; IV. Control. Comparative data for the groups with special reference to differences in frequency of disfluency, acoustic features, phonologic skills, language development, nonverbal skills, and genetics are presented. The results suggest several promising predictors of recovery and chronicity.
Instrumental effects in the analysis of polymers of wide polydispersity by MALDI mass spectrometry

Abstract Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (tof) mass spectrometry (MS) has been reported to give low number average and weight average molecular weight values for polymers of wide polydispersity. Spectra of wide polydisperse polymers more closely resemble the distribution observed by size exclusion chromatography when obtained in the reflectron mode. However, the highest mass molecules in the distribution are not observed. These high-mass ions can be observed when the more abundant lower mass ions are deflected from reaching the detector. In addition, a mixture of three narrow distribution polymer standards selected to provide a wide mass distribution do not show discrimination against the high-mass molecules. These results are interpreted to suggest that the difficulty in observing accurate molecular weight distributions by MALDI-TOF-MS is at least in part attributable to instrumental limitations rather than ionization limitations.
Quantifying Critical Micelle Concentration and Nonidealities within Binary Mixed Micellar Systems: An Upper-Level Undergraduate Laboratory

Micelle-based systems have a long history in many areas, for instance, membrane mimics, reaction media, and food additives. All prior educational laboratory experiments dealing with micelle-based systems that have been published and utilized deal with unary surfactant systems. Unfortunately, most practical applications that use surfactants and micelles involve mixtures because these often exhibit behavior unlike the individual components. That is, surfactant mixtures deviate significantly from a regular solution approximation (i.e., there is synergism) when the individual surfactant structures differ significantly. In this laboratory experiment, we describe a simple method that exploits the unique behavior of the fluorophore pyrene to rapidly determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of mixed micelle systems. We also determine the dimensionless interaction parameter, β, that describes the net pairwise interaction between surfactant species within a binary micellar system. The binary system we chose to study is sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) dissolved in water. The β value recovered by students using our method is statistically equivalent to the value reported in the literature using more sophisticated and protracted methods. This laboratory experiment opens the door for students to explore regular solution theory, non-ideal mixing, micelle formation, and fluorescence spectroscopy within a single experiment.
Erratum for Cheng et al., Ehrlichia chaffeensis Proliferation Begins with NtrY/NtrX and PutA/GlnA Upregulation and CtrA Degradation Induced by Proline and Glutamine Uptake

Volume 5, no. 6, doi:[10.1128/mBio.02141-14][1], 2014. The x axis of the right panel of [Fig. 3C][2] was mislabeled. Panel C should appear as shown below. ![Figure][3] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/mBio.02141-14 [2]: #F1 [3]: pending:yes
The effect of age, ethnicity and geographical location on impotence and quality of life

Objective To estimate the prevalence of impotence in men over 40 years of age and correlate impotence to age, geographical location, ethnicity and quality of life. Subjects and methods While attending ‘The Prostate Cancer Awareness Week’ in Madison, WI, USA, New Orleans, LA, USA and New York, NY, USA, 1680 men were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding impotence, age, geographical location, ethnicity and quality of life. Results Impotence was found to be significantly associated with age, was less associated with geographical location but independent of ethnicity. Men living in Madison reported a lower potency score compared with men living in New Orleans and New York. However, potency score for men living in Madison did not appear to decline as rapidly with age when compared with men living in New Orleans and New York. Impotence and quality of life were also found to be associated even when the quality of life estimates were adjusted for age, geographical location, and age by geographical location. Conclusion This study indicates that impotent men have a lower quality of life than potent men and has confirmed previous findings that age is associated with impotence. Surprisingly, answers to impotence questions were also associated with geographical location.
Interaction during fibril formation of soluble collagen with cartilage proteinpolysaccharide

Precipitation of soluble forms of collagen from solutions containing the soluble protein-polysaccharide (PP-L) of bovine nasal cartilage, followed by centrifugation at 100,000 g, resulted in the formation of coherent elastic pellets whose wet weights increased with the concentration of PP-L in the initial solution. Dry weights and uronic acid contents of these pellets showed that the amount of water held in the wet pellet was nearly constant for any one kind and concentration of collagen, and ranged from 20 to 100 mg./mg. PP-L in the pellet. Soluble collagens from four different sources and PP-L from three kinds of cartilage showed similar effects. Precipitation of soluble collagen in the presence of hyaluronate or dextran yielded pellets of much smaller size than those formed in the presence of PP-L. The presence of chondroitin sulfate had only a slight effect on wet pellet weights. Wet weights of pellets formed in the presence of PP-L decreased with increasing ionic strength. A model involving entanglement between insoluble collagen fibrils and the relatively stiff chondroitin sulfate chains of branched PP-L seems qualitatively capable of accounting for these results.
Effect of Recommendations on Interobserver Consistency of Diastolic Function Evaluation

Objectives We sought the impact of recent recommendations on observer concordance on interpretation of diastolic stage and assessment of filling pressure. Background Worsening stages of diastolic dysfunction are associated with worsening outcome. However, the echocardiographic classification of diastolic function is complex, and parameters may be discordant. The interobserver agreement of diastolic assessment is undefined. Methods A complete diastolic evaluation (transmitral flow, left atrial volume, tissue Doppler, pulmonary venous flow, mitral flow propagation, and left ventricular images) was obtained in 20 patients and interpreted by 14 experts in 8 countries (280 case reads). Each investigator was asked to interpret diastolic class and left ventricular filling pressure. Brain natriuretic peptide level was drawn on the same day of the echocardiogram to corroborate filling pressures obtained by the echocardiogram. Concordance was assessed as kappa, and accuracy was compared with specific application of the recommendations by 2 investigators. Results For recognition of raised filling pressure, the sensitivity and specificity of readers for raised filling pressure defined by the reference read were 66 ± 37% and 88 ± 26%, respectively. Complete agreement among all readers was obtained in 10 of 20 cases. Diagnosis of normal and categories of abnormal filling was correct in 71% to 95%, with the lowest values obtained for normal and pseudonormal filling. There was no difference between U.S. and international readers. Not all patients in each diastolic stage showed all of the changes that are typical of that stage, and variations appeared to be attributable to differences in weighting of conflicting observations. Overall, kappa values for filling pressure and diastolic class were 0.71 (range 0.60 to 0.80) and 0.68 (range 0.54 to 0.86). Conclusions Correct results for estimation of filling pressure were obtained by a high proportion of readers. Classification of diastolic stages continues to be variable and might be addressed by provision of a uniform hierarchy of observations.
Carbon efflux rates of fine roots of three tree species decline shortly after excision

Abstract Fine roots (diameter ≦2 mm) of Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra and Pinus strobus were used to determine whether respiration rates (measured as CO 2 efflux rates) remain sufficiently stable for the 1 min to 10 h interval after excision to allow reliable measurements to be taken. Roots of five individuals of each species were excavated from the upper 10 cm of the soil. From each tree, two samples of roots (dry weights between 0.21 and 1.18 g) were excised and immediately subjected to one of two treatments. The attached soil was removed mechanically with (wet treatment) or without (dry treatment) the further removal of soil by submersion in and rinsing with water. Within 1 min of excision, roots were placed in a gas exchange system and their respiration was measured. The measurements were repeated 5, 15, 30 min and 1, 2 ( Acer and Pinus ), 3 ( Quercus ), 6 and 10 h after excision. For all species, carbon efflux rates showed a marked decline over time, dropping significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) over 5 min for Acer and Pinus and over 15 min for Quercus (by 37, 52 and 33%, respectively). The initial rates (12.9, 9.2 and 8.7 nmol CO 2 g −1 s −1 at 25 °C for Acer, Quercus and Pinus , respectively) declined to a minimum (4.2, 2.9 and 4.4 nmol CO 2 g −1 s −1 ) in 30 ( Pinus ) or 60 ( Acer and Quercus ) min then levelled off ( Acer and Quercus ) or started to increase ( Pinus ). Possible mechanisms causing the decline are discussed.
ACTIVATION OF CALCIUM CHANNELS BY CAMP IN STC-1 CELLS IS DEPENDENT UPON CA2+ CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE II

Abstract Activation of L-type calcium channels in the neuroendocrine, cholecytstokinin-secreting cell line, STC-1, is vital for secretion of CCK. In the present study, the regulation of L-type Ca 2+ channels by cAMP and Ca 2+ calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII) in STC-1 cells was investigated. Exposure to 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) increased intracellular cAMP levels, whole cell Ca 2+ currents and activated Ca 2+ channels in cell-attached membrane patches. Furthermore, in Fura-2AM loaded cells, cytosolic Ca 2+ levels increased upon exposure to IBMX. By contrast, pretreatment of cells with the CaM-KII inhibitor KN-62, prevented IBMX activation of Ca 2+ channels in cell-attached patches or increases in cytosolic Ca 2+ levels. Inclusion of the synthetic peptide fragment 290-309 of CaM-KII, a CaM-KII antagonist, in the pipette solution, blocked the activation of whole cell Ca 2+ currents upon addition of IBMX. These results indicate a unique mechanism of L-type Ca 2+ channel activation involving two phosphorylation events.
Dynamical evolution of the Earth–Moon progenitors – Whence Theia?

Abstract We present integrations of a model Solar System with five terrestrial planets (beginning ∼30–50 Myr after the formation of primitive Solar System bodies) in order to determine the preferred regions of parameter space leading to a Giant Impact that resulted in the formation of the Moon. Our results indicate which choices of semimajor axes and eccentricities for Theia (the proto-Moon) at this epoch can produce a late Giant Impact, assuming that Mercury, Venus, and Mars are near the current orbits. We find that the likely semimajor axis of Theia, at the epoch when our simulations begin, depends on the assumed mass ratio of Earth–Moon progenitors (8/1, 4/1, or 1/1). The low eccentricities of the terrestrial planets are most commonly produced when the progenitors have similar semimajor axes at the epoch when our integrations commence. Additionally, we show that mean motion resonances among the terrestrial planets and perturbations from the giant planets can affect the dynamical evolution of the system leading to a late Giant Impact.
[3H]muscimol binding in the rat retina

Abstract Crude membrane fractions were prepared from rat retinae and used to study the specific binding of [ 3 H]muscimol, a potent GABA agonist. Specific [ 3 H]muscimol binding was enhanced 2–3 fold by pretreatment of the membranes with 0.025% Triton X-100. Two muscimol binding sites were demonstrated with K D values of 4.4 and 12.3 nM. GABA, muscimol, and 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid were the most potent inhibitors of specific [ 3 H]muscimol binding with K I values of 15, 10, and 50 nM, respectively. These data are consistent with binding to the synaptic GABA receptor.
Wall Temperature Estimation for Heated Underwater Bodies

This study makes usc of the results of similarity sulutions uf the laminar boundary laycr equalia~ns with heat to formalize a design procedure for estimating wall temperature and heat flux values necessary In stabilize the houndam layer un n class uf underwater bodies. I n the use of the axisymmelric flow equalions, a relation between the equivdcnt u l fhe Hartree @ for two-dimensional flow and pressure and radius gradient is used. The results ut. a trial computation are presented to show the validiv of the prucedure. Information is also presenled for the estimatiun uf laminar separation and transition Localions on an axisy~nmelric hodg with a given wall temperature distribution.
Dynamical structure functions for charged particle bilayers and superlattices

A modified Feynman construction with a zero-frequency central peak is used to model the dynamical structure functions for layered charged particle systems. This construction recognizes the affinity between layered and multicomponent systems. It also guarantees the simultaneous satisfaction of all three frequency-moment sum rules. The frequencies and spectral weights of the long-wavelength collective excitations and the strength of the diffusive central peak are calculated for arbitrary degeneracy.
Control of synthesis of guanosine 5′-diphosphate d-mannose and guanosine 5′-diphosphate l-fucose in bacteria

Abstract The control of the synthesis of GDP- d -mannose and GDP- l -fucose has been studied in various classes of bacteria. In those species which contain l -fucose but no d -mannose in their polysaccharides, GDP- l -fucose inhibits both GDP- d -mannose pyrophosphorylase (GTP: α- d -mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.13) and GDP- d -mannose hydro-lyase. In the bacteria which have d -mannose but no l -fucose in their polysaccharides, GDP- d -mannose inhibits GDP- d -mannose pyrophosphorylase. Finaly, in bacteria which have both d -mannose and both d -mannose and l -fucose in their polysaccharides, GDP- l -fucose inhibits GDP- d -mannose hydro-lase and GDP- d -mannose inhibits GDP- d -mannose pyrophosphorylase. Thys variations occur in feedback control which allow each of these classes of bacteria to control eindependently the rate of synthesis of the nucleotide sugars which acts as glycosyl donors in the synthesis of polysaccharides.
Determination of vibrational and orientational time-correlation functions from Raman scattering of circularly polarized light

Abstract Formulas are derived relating the observables of circularly polarized vibrational Raman spectra to vibrational and orientational time-correlation functions of molecular systems in a spatially isotropic (fluid) sample. The derivations are based on a theoretical model developed previously by Nafie and Peticolas. The final expressions show that vibrational and orientational time-correlation functions can be obtained from I (ω) = I L + I R and Δ I (ω) = I L − I R spectra (where I the intensities of the left and right circularly polarized components of the Raman scattered light), in a manner similar to that used to obtain these same functions from linearly polarized Raman scattering spectra (where I | and I ⊥ are measured).
Convective evaporation model of sessile droplets in a turbulent flow—comparison with wind tunnel data

A semi-analytic model for convective evaporation of sessile droplets from solid surface has been developed. The effect of turbulence on evaporation is incorporated into the model through the use of the friction velocity. The friction velocity is calculated from the wall shear stress that was obtained experimentally as a function of free stream velocity and turbulence intensity. In the model, the Reynolds number based on the friction velocity was used because it is more pertinent for sessile droplets than the Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity. Thus formulated model has been successfully validated with wind tunnel data, where a very good agreement between the model predictions and experimental measurements is observed. By utilizing the model, a unique evaporation master curve that correlates the normalized evaporation mass and the non-dimensional time corrected for the influence of the driving force was developed for all droplet sizes, free stream velocities, turbulence intensities, and the surrounding temperatures.
EventScope: discovering Mars with internet-based virtual environments

Telepresence is experiencing a place without physically being there. Telepresence interfaces receive information from robots or sensors in distant, hard to reach places. Scientists use telepresence to explore places that are inaccessible to human beings, such as Mars. However, the technology used on such missions is so complex that the missions themselves are as inaccessible to the public as the extreme environments being studied. Subsequently, design and engineering barriers have kept this vast resource off-limits to America's classrooms despite the Internet's widespread proliferation. Existing public telepresence interfaces either do not scale well to worldwide dissemination or do not fully engage school students.
Epitope Mapping of Conformational V2-specific Anti-HIV Human Monoclonal Antibodies Reveals an Immunodominant Site in V2

In the case-control study of the RV144 vaccine trial, the levels of antibodies to the V1V2 region of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein were found to correlate inversely with risk of HIV infection. This recent demonstration of the potential role of V1V2 as a vaccine target has catapulted this region into the focus of HIV-1 research. We previously described seven human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from HIV-infected individuals that are directed against conformational epitopes in the V1V2 domain. In this study, using lysates of SF162 pseudoviruses carrying V1V2 mutations, we mapped the epitopes of these seven mAbs. All tested mAbs demonstrated a similar binding pattern in which three mutations (F176A, Y177T, and D180L) abrogated binding of at least six of the seven mAbs to ≤15% of SF162 wildtype binding. Binding of six or all of the mAbs was reduced to ≤50% of wildtype by single substitutions at seven positions (168, 180, 181, 183, 184, 191, and 193), while one change, V181I, increased the binding of all mAbs. When mapped onto a model of V2, our results suggest that the epitope of the conformational V2 mAbs is located mostly in the disordered region of the available crystal structure of V1V2, overlapping and surrounding the α4β7 binding site on V2.
Identification of binding interactions between myeloperoxidase and its antibody using SERS

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a widely used spectroscopic method that can dramatically increase the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy and has demonstrated significant benefit in the identification of biological molecules. We report the use of SERS in differentiating the bound immunocomplex of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and its antibody from the unbound complex and its individual components. The SERS signal was enabled by gold nanoparticles attached to MPO, pAb and their immunocomplex at an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The obtained SERS spectrum of MPO is in agreement with previous literature. Comparative SERS spectrum analysis of MPO, pAb, and their immunocomplex reveals the significant peak shifts and intensity variations caused by the conformational changes due to the immunocomplex formation. Several key areas have been identified which correspond to specific amino acids being shielded from undergoing resonance while new amino acid residues are made visible in the SERS spectrum of the immunocomplex and could be a result of conformational binding. Our work demonstrates the capability of SERS to identify binding events and differentiate an immunocomplex from its unbound components with direct applications in biosensors.
Examining Attitudes Toward the Homecare Suite: A New Housing Alternative for Elders:

For a housing option to be viable on the continuum of long-term care, it needs the approval of professionals (who would recommend it) and caregivers (who would use it). The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes of these important audiences toward the Homecare Suite—a private, fully accessible, modular apartment that families who wish to care for their elders at home can temporarily install in their garages. Results showed that professionals were signifi cantly more favorable toward the Homecare Suite than were caregivers, whereas caregivers with elders living in the community were more receptive than were caregivers with institutionalized elders. This preliminary evaluation suggests that this housing innovation is deserving offurther study.
Occurrence and function of a high-Km hexokinase in immature red blood cells.

The formation of 14C02 from [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose by reticulocytes of rabbit and rat is dependent on the concentration of glucose over a wide range, indicating reactions preceding the formation of glucose-6-phosphate to be dependent on glucose concentration. In haemolysates of rabbit reticulocytes a high-Km hexokinase was demonstrated by its kinetic properties. It corresponds to the glucokinase of liver. This enzyme does not occur in mature red blood cells of man and rabbit, nor in reticulocytes of newlyborns with erythro-blastosis fetalis. The presence of glucokinase in reticulocytes introduces a metabolic path of glucose utilization which is not subject to regulation by the phosphofructokinase.
Is it ethical to practice intubations on the deceased

One-third to one-half of emergency departments in the United States and Australia perform endotracheal intubations (ETI's) on the newly dead. Sixty-three percent of emergency medicine and 58% of neonatal critical care training programs allowed procedures to be performed on patients after death; only 10% of these programs required family consent for this practice. This article reviews the arguments for and against this ethical issue. A case study is included to highlight the issue's complexity, and to assist readers in identifying their beliefs (and those of their institutions) about the tissue. An overview of ethically related terms, definitions, and theories and a decision-making model are included to establish a knowledgeable baseline for dealing with any ethical issue.
Investigation of p-type strained-layer InxGa1-xAs/AlyGa1-yAs quantum well infrared photodetectors for long wavelength infrared imaging arrays applications

Abstract Two p-type compressively strained-layer (PCSL) In x Ga 1− x As/Al y Ga 1− y As (where, x =0.4, 0.2; y =0, 0.15) quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) grown by MBE on (100) semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrates have been investigated for 3-5 μm MWIR and 8-14 μm LWIR imaging arrays applications. The In 0.4 Ga 0.6 As/GaAs PCSL-QWIP utilizing the resonant transport mechanism between the heavy-hole type-I states and the light-hole type-II states shows a broadband double-peak response between 8 and 9 μm range. Using compressive-strain in the InGaAs quantum well, normal incident absorption was greatly enhanced by reducing the heavy-hole effective mass and increasing the density of states in the off-zone center. Maximum responsivities of 93 mA W −1 and 30 mA W −1 were obtained at peak wavelengths of λ p 1 =8.9 μm and λ p 3 =5.5 μm, respectively at V b =1.6 V, and detectivity ( D *) at λ p 1 =8.9 μm was found to be 4.0×10 9 cm−√ Hz / W at V b =0.3 V and T =75 K for this QWIP. The In 0.2 Ga 0.8 As/Al 0.15 Ga 0.85 As PCSL-QWIP achieves two-color detection with peak wavelengths at 7.4 μm in the LWIR band and 5.5 μm in the MWIR band. This detector is under background limited performance (BLIP) at T =63 K for biases varying from −2.7 V to +3 V. A detectivity ( D *) of 1.06×10 10 cm √ Hz / W was obtained at λ p 7.4 μm, V b 1.0 V and T =81 K for this QWIP.
RME-8, a Conserved J-Domain Protein, Is Required for Endocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans

By genetic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans mutants defective in yolk uptake, we have identified new molecules functioning in the endocytosis pathway. Here we describe a novel J-domain–containing protein, RME-8, identified by such genetic analysis. RME-8 is required for receptor-mediated endocytosis and fluid-phase endocytosis in various cell types and is essential for C. elegans development and viability. In the macrophage-like coelomocytes, RME-8 localizes to the limiting membrane of large endosomes. Endocytosis markers taken up by the coelomocytes rapidly accumulate in these large RME-8–positive endosomes, concentrate in internal subendosomal structures, and later appear in RME-8–negative lysosomes. rme-8 mutant coelomocytes fail to accumulate visible quantities of endocytosis markers. These observations show that RME-8 functions in endosomal trafficking before the lysosome. RME-8 homologues are found in multicellular organisms from plants to humans but not in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These sequence homologies suggest that RME-8 fulfills a conserved function in multicellular organisms.
Contribution of winter processes to soil nitrogen flux in taiga forest ecosystems

We measured annual net nitrogen (N) mineralization, nitrification, and amino acid pro- duction in situ across a primary successional sequence in interior Alaska, USA. Net N miner- alization per gram dry soil increased across the successional sequence, but with a sharp decline in the oldest stage (black spruce). Net N minerali- zation expressed per gram soil organic matter exhibited the opposite pattern, suggesting that soil organic matter quality decreases significantly across succession. Net N mineralization rates during the growing season from green-up (early May) through freeze-up (late September-early October) accounted for approximately 60% of the annual inorganic N flux, whereas the remaining N was released during the apparent dormant season. Nitrogen release during winter occurred primarily during October-January with only negligible N mineralization during early spring in stands of willow, alder, balsam poplar and white spruce. By contrast, black spruce stands exhibited substantial mineralization after snow melt during early spring. The high rates of N mineralization in late autumn through early winter coincide with high turnover of fine root biomass in these stands, suggesting that labile substrate production, rather than temperature, is a major controlling factor over N release in these ecosystems. We suggest that the convention of restricting measurements of soil processes to the growing season greatly underestimate annual flux rates of inorganic nitrogen in these high-latitude ecosystems.
BIM: Image matching using biological gene sequence alignment

Matching two images with similar contents is one of the most fundamental tasks in image processing. Due to its importance, in recent years, many novel techniques have been proposed with great successes. Toward this effort, in this paper, we propose a radically different idea by bridging two seemingly unrelated fields - Image Processing and Biology - i.e., we propose to use the popular gene sequence alignment algorithm in Biology, BLAST, in determining the similarity between images. In this proposal, we map image features to a sequence of gene alphabets (e.g., A, C, G, and T in DNA, or 23 letters in protein) to utilize a wealth of advanced algorithms and tools in BLAST. Under the new idea, in particular, we study various image features and gene sequence generation methods that impact the accuracy and performance in matching similar images. Our proposal, termed as BLASTed Image Matching (BIM), is empirically validated using real data sets. Our work can be viewed as the “first” step toward bridging Image Processing and Biology fields in the application of the well-studied image matching problem.
Androgen receptor protein binding properties and tissue distribution of 2-selena-a-nor-5α-androstan-17β-ol in the rat

Abstract 2-selena-A-nor-5α-androstan-17β-ol was studied in vitro and in vivo in the rat prostate gland. The data demonstrates the ability of this compound to selectively complex with the specific receptors of 5α-dihydrotestosfcerone (5α-DHT) in the cytosol and to be retained in the nuclei in an unaltered form. Studies with selenium-75 labeled material suggests that the uptake and localization is similar to endogenous 5α-dihydrotestosterone.
The Effects of Universal Pre-K in Oklahoma: Research Highlights and Policy Implications

Oklahoma is one of only three states in the nation to offer a free pre-kindergarten (pre-K) program to all students in participating school districts on a voluntary basis. Fortuitous circumstances in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the state's largest school district, permitted an unusually rigorous evaluation of the pre-K program in Tulsa. Because four-year-olds beginning pre-K and five-year-olds beginning kindergarten were administered the same test in September 2001 and because strict eligibility cut-offs were applied, based on date of birth, it was possible to control for selection effects, in addition to gender, race/ ethnicity, school lunch eligibility, and precise date of birth. The evaluation showed strong positive effects of the pre-K program on children's language and cognitive test scores. Hispanic children benefited most from the program, and black children also showed sharp gains, especially when they attended full-day programs. The results are discussed in light of contemporary controversies regarding targeted or universal pre-K programs; full-or part-day programming; public school or multiple delivery sites; strategies for ensuring high quality, effective programs; and the need for rigorous program evaluations.
Meaning and Measurement Reorienting the Race Politics Debate

Is race politics about racism, ideology, or group conflict? After decades, this debate seems scarcely closer to resolution, despite the enormous theoretical, empirical, and normative issues at stak...
Expanding MML for dedicated multiple microprocessor applications

The development of dedicated multiple-microprocessor applications can be improved by explicit inclusion and utilization of relevant knowledge. For an integrated development tool featuring the retargetability to prototype different architectures as well as configuration and allocation control, a knowledge-based subsystem can potentially automate the resource allocation process. A system of this type, KMML, is described. The system features a planner and a layered allocator, with emphasis on the allocation of resources, aiming at efficient mapping of logical process-oriented description onto possible architectural configurations. The resource-allocation problem is characterized by a large solution space, high cost in evaluating partial allocations, the general lack of algorithms, and the need to optimize the functional specifications, within constraints that include speed and others. The MML source language is extended to embed strategies of allocation and configuration, to specify constraints, specifications and the control of organizational alternatives. >
Abstract 612: Regulation of Bone Marrow Stem/Progenitor Cell Mobilization by Leptin

Background: Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, elicits a variety of physiological functions by acting on leptin receptor (LepR). LepR is expressed in bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (BMSPCs) as well as in mesenchymal stromal cells, which play an important role in the maintenance and retention of BMSPCs. Cytokines such as G-CSF induce mobilization of BMSPCs, in part, via acting on MSCs. Aim: In this study the role of leptin in the physiological, and G-CSF-induced mobilization of BMSPCs was evaluated. Methods: The study was carried out in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice (C57Bl/6j), and in mice with genetic ablation of leptin receptor (LepR+/- and LepR-/- (db/db) mice). Circulating white blood cells (WBCs), lineage- cells (Lin-), and Lin-Sca-1+cKit+ (LSK), cells were enumerated by flow cytometry in different treatment groups. Mobilization of different cell populations was induced by G-CSF (125μg/Kg, s.c., twice a day, 4 days). Effects of leptin (600μg/Kg, i.p., 5 day...
Do Regional Seismic Networks in the U.S. Have a Future

In October 1997, the U.S. Congress charged the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey to “provide for an assessment of regional seismic monitoring networks in the United States” under Public Law 105-47. While a report is being duly prepared by the USGS, with broad input from the seismological community, some critics may ask, “Do regional seismic networks (RSN's) really have a future? Or are they just a dying branch on the evolutionary tree of observational seismology? Should they functionally be superseded, say, by a combination of widely spaced, super-quality broadband stations and temporary dense arrays? Or organizationally by a national information outlet?” (Few, if any, would seriously apply these questions to California, but bear with me as I attempt a national overview.) I believe that RSN's are vital elements both for building a next-generation national seismic system and for directly serving the 75 million people, including 46 million outside of...
Dielectric fluid immersed MEMS tunable capacitors

Enhancement of MEMS tunable capacitors using dielectric fluids is reported. Micromachined tunable capacitors were tested and characterized in air and in mineral oil with a relative permittivity (/spl epsi//sub r/) of 2.29. In oil the capacitors exhibit a factor of 2.2 to 2.29 increase in the initial capacitance as well as the achievable tuning range. The theoretical electrical and mechanical performance enhancements have been verified for capacitors with self-resonant frequencies of 18.3GHz in air. The high frequency testing device exhibited a capacitance of 344fF at 5GHz with a Q-factor of 72 in air, and a capacitance of 799fF with a Q-factor of 40 in oil. In addition, the devices immersed in oil have increased, tunable damping and a significantly higher breakdown voltage.
A modularized sensitive skin for motion planning in uncertain environments

One way to avoid obstacles without modeling the environment is to use a sensor-based sensitive skin covering the body of the robot along with proper sensor-based motion planning algorithms. Compared to prior attempts, the system developed at the UW-Madison Robotics Lab and discussed here presents a system that can be easily reconfigured for a variety of applications. This is accomplished via modularized sensitive skin patches that can be connected in various ways, and a hierarchical control architecture that can be easily modified for various system configurations. In the implemented version, the skin contains about 1000 infrared sensors; it can be easily expanded, with minor changes. The system has been successfully tested in preliminary trials.
Disturbance of muscle fiber differentiation in congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy caused by a novel myelin protein zero mutation

We report a case of congenital hypomyelination associated with cranial nerve dysfunction, respiratory failure, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy confounding the clinical picture. Molecular genetic testing showed a complex de novo myelin protein zero (MPZ) mutation consisting of a 3bp deletion of CTA from nucleotide 550 to 552 and insertion of G at nucleotide 550 that by conceptual translation results in a frameshift mutation. Muscle biopsy findings are presented that allude to the effect of abnormal innervation on early postnatal muscle differentiation.
TurningPoint: narrative-driven presentation planning

Once upon a time, people told stories unencumbered by slides. What modern presentations gain through visual slide support, however, is often at the expense of storytelling. We present TurningPoint, a probe to investigate the potential use of narrative-driven talk planning in slideware. Our study of TurningPoint reveals a delicate balance between narrative templates focusing author attention in ways that save time, and fixating attention in ways that limit experimentation.
Access to renal transplantation among patients with end-stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis.

Abstract Access to living related renal and cadaveric renal transplantation was compared between 5,863 adults with incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by lupus nephritis and 463,141 adults with other causes of ESRD who were included in the US Renal Data System from 1987 to 1995. Using Cox regression models that adjusted for differences in age, sex, race, region of residence, and year of onset of ESRD, patients with ESRD caused by lupus nephritis were as likely as patients with other causes of ESRD to receive a living related renal transplant (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93 to 1.10; P = 0.70) but were 20% less likely to receive a cadaveric renal transplant (adjusted HR=0.80; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.85; P P P
Intraoperative Monitoring of Ischiatic Nerve Function with Sensory Evoked Potentials

Serial recordings of sensory evoked potentials (SEP) generated in response to stimulation of each tibial nerve were obtained from 23 anesthetized dogs. Five dogs were anesthetized for 3 hours to evaluate changes in serial SEP during general anesthesia. Nonsurgical and surgical manipulations were performed on one hind limb of five dogs to determine the effects of limb positioning and nerve retraction on SEP. In 13 dogs, the ischiatic nerve was exposed surgically and retracted until the SEP deteriorated and disappeared, to determine the relationship between amount of tension on the nerve and the time to complete deterioration of the SEP. Sensory evoked potential waveforms, which consisted of two to five peaks, were stable throughout the anesthetic period. The first two peaks were the most stable. Latency of the first two peaks was the easiest and most reliable parameter to evaluate. Although the peak latency in recordings from the superior hind limb was always slightly longer, SEP recordings from the inferior limb were good controls to monitor nerve function. There was considerable variation in sensitivity to nerve retraction. The technique proved to be a reliable way to monitor nerve function in normal anesthetized dogs.
PERSONALITY AND REGIONAL PREFERENCE STRUCTURES: A STUDY OF INTROVERSION‐EXTRAVERSION

Introverts and extraverts differ in their residential preferences for thirty-nine regions in eastern Australia. Preference was assessed on a seven-point scale and introversion-extraversion by means of a 210-item questionnaire. Mapping of the correlations between personality trait scores and regional preference scores revealed that introverts prefer inland, temperate, and settled areas whereas extraverts prefer marginal, relatively undeveloped, wilderness areas, coastal resorts, and large cities.