cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing memory bandwidth of a multi-channel packet buffer

Backbone routers typically require large buffers to hold packets during congestion. A thumb rule is to provide a buffer at every link, equal to the product of the round trip time and the link capacity. This translates into Gigabytes of buffers operating at line rate at every link. Such a size and rate necessitates the use of SDRAM with bandwidth of, for example, 80 Gbps for link speed of 40 Gbps. With speedup in the switch fabrics used in most routers, the bandwidth requirement of the buffer increases further. While multiple SDRAM devices can be used in parallel to achieve high bandwidth and storage capacity, a wide logical data bus composed of these devices results in suboptimal performance for arbitrarily sized packets. An alternative is to divide the wide logical data bus into multiple logical channels and store packets into them independently. However, in such an organization, the cumulative pin count grows due to additional address buses which might offset the performance gained. We find that due to several existing memory technologies and their characteristics and with Internet traffic composed of particular sized packets, a judiciously architected data channel can greatly enhance the performance per pin. In this paper, we derive an expression for the effective memory bandwidth of a parallel channel packet buffer and show how it can be optimized for a given number of I/O pins available for interfacing to memory. We believe that our model can greatly aid packet buffer designers to achieve the best performance.
Factors influencing smokeless tobacco use in rural Ohio Appalachia

The burden of smokeless tobacco (ST) use disproportionally impacts males in rural Ohio Appalachia. The purpose of this study was to describe the cultural factors contributing to this disparity and to articulate the way in which culture, through interpersonal factors (i.e. social norms and social networks) and community factors (i.e. marketing and availability), impacts ST initiation and use of ST among boys and men in Ohio Appalachia. Fifteen focus groups and 23 individual qualitative interviews were conducted with adult (n = 63) and adolescent (n = 53) residents in Ohio Appalachian counties to ascertain factors associated with ST use and the impact of ST marketing. Transcriptions were independently coded according to questions and themes. ST use appears to be a rite of passage in the development of masculine identity in Ohio Appalachian culture. Interpersonal factors had the greatest influence on initiation and continued use of ST. Ohio Appalachian boys either emulated current ST users or were actively encouraged to use ST through male family and peer networks. Users perceived their acceptance into the male social network as predicated on ST use. Community factors, including ST advertisement and access to ST, reinforced and normalized underlying cultural values. In addition to policy aimed at reducing tobacco marketing and access, interventions designed to reduce ST use in Ohio Appalachia should incorporate efforts to (1) shift the perception of cultural norms regarding ST use and (2) address male social networks as vehicles in ST initiation.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1-Based Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes: A Focus on Exenatide

IN BRIEF Therapies based on the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 are novel treatment options for type 2 diabetes that act through a variety of complementary mechanisms. Exenatide, which will likely become the first application to reach the market, has shown promise in phase III trials in reducing hemoglobin A 1c without causing significant hypoglycemia or weight gain.
Balanced Graph Matching

Graph matching is a fundamental problem in Computer Vision and Machine Learning. We present two contributions. First, we give a new spectral relaxation technique for approximate solutions to matching problems, that naturally incorporates one-to-one or one-to-many constraints within the relaxation scheme. The second is a normalization procedure for existing graph matching scoring functions that can dramatically improve the matching accuracy. It is based on a reinterpretation of the graph matching compatibility matrix as a bipartite graph on edges for which we seek a bistochastic normalization. We evaluate our two contributions on a comprehensive test set of random graph matching problems, as well as on image correspondence problem. Our normalization procedure can be used to improve the performance of many existing graph matching algorithms, including spectral matching, graduated assignment and semidefinite programming.
Social parasitism in mammals with particular reference to neotropical primates

Organisms often respond in ways that appear to benefit others rather than themselves. This phenomenon is consistent with the views of Darwin (1859) and Dawk...
Impact of Motivation on Task Performance of Children with and without Psychoeducational Problems

Two studies focusing on differential effects of strategies to enhance motivation are reported. One study included 59 nonproblem elementary-age children; the other involved 77 students (7 to 16 years of age) with learning and behavior problems. In both studies a brief intervention designed to increase motivation was implemented prior to a second administration of a coding task. As predicted, nonproblem students did not improve to a greater degree than those in practice and volunteer control groups. In contrast, problem students showed a significant increment in performance following the motivational manipulation. Results are interpreted as indicating (a) that brief strategies to enhance motivation can improve performance of problem students, (b) that the effect of any such strategy is directly related to both its potency and the degree to which initial motivation to perform is diminished, and (c) that problem students often may be performing significantly below current capability.
Nested loops revisited

Four variants of parallel index nested loop algorithms are compared with the parallel hybrid hash algorithm. The conclusions of experiments both with an analytic model and with an implementation in the Gamma parallel database system are that overall, parallel hybrid hash is the method of choice, but there are cases where nested loops with index wins big enough that systems could profit from implementing both algorithms. The experiments show further that among the nested loop algorithms, one of them, subset nested loops with sorting, clearly dominates. >
Estimation of Milk Producing Ability of Holstein Cows

Abstract Producing abilities of Holstein cows were estimated and compared through four procedures: herdmate comparison with (new) and without (old) adjustment for herdmates' estimated average transmitting abilities, and best linear unbiased prediction with and without considering cow selection. Increase of heritabilities by adjusted herdmates as compared with unadjusted was from .28 to .30 for deviations of first lactations and from .23 to .25 for deviations of the first four lactations. Repeatabilities by both herdmate comparisons were the same, .50. Both best linear unbiased predictions also had the same repeatabilities and the same heritabilities (.54, .35 for the first laction; .54, .32 for the first four lactations). Correction for cow selection did not improve the accuracy of prediction. Best linear unbiased prediction is superior to herdmate comparison both in removing effects of herd-year-seasons from herdmate deviation records and improving the accuracy of predicting producing ability. Methods of estimating producing ability with deviation records, constant correlation, actual correlations, and generalized least-squares did not differ appreciably from each other in prediction within each procedure. When producing ability is obtained by generalized least-squares, however, the first lactation gets the largest weight but is the poorest predictor.
The effects of terbutaline on acid base, serum electrolytes, and glucose homeostasis during the management of pre term labor

Terbutaline (T) is a beta-adrenergic compound which is commonly employed as a tocolytic agent in preterm labor. We evaluated the metabolic and biophysical consequences of infusion of T into six pregnant women in preterm labor. Our results showed that the infusion of T led to the development of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlactacidemia, hypokalemia, a fall in serum colloid osmotic pressure and pH, a rise in maternal heart rate, and a fall in maternal blood pressure. These changes in electrolytes in the serum occurred in the absence of any significant alterations in their urinary excretion. These data suggest that the infusion of T causes hyperglycemia that results in a rise in serum insulin and lactate, which, in turn, leads to a fall in serum potassium, ionized calcium, and pH. Volume expansion as manifested by a fall in colloid osmotic pressure may contribute to the reduction in the levels of ionized and total calcium. Thus, careful monitoring of electrolytes and hydration status is warranted when beta-mimetic agents are used, specifically T, for tocolytic therapy.
Target fragmentation of Au 197 by relativistic heavy ions

The cross sections and recoil properties of a number of target fragmentation products formed by the reactions of 4.8- and 25-GeV $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and 7.6-GeV $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ with $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ have been measured. Comparisons between these data for relativistic heavy ions and those for relativistic protons have been used to test the hypotheses of factorization and limiting fragmentation. The cross sections for most of the nuclides measured are related for different projectiles by the ratio of the total reaction cross sections. An exception is the light nuclides ($Al30$), for which enhanced yields are found for heavy-ion projectiles compared to protons. The velocities imparted to recoil fragments by the projectiles are considerably larger for the heavy ions of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.4A$ GeV than for protons, but are the same for $2.1A$ GeV $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ (25-GeV kinetic energy) and 28-GeV protons. Limiting fragmentation has not been reached at energies of $0.4A$ GeV, as shown by the large change in recoil properties with increasing energy. The projectile kinetic energy appears to be more significant as a scaling variable than the velocity for relativistic heavy ions.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{197}\mathrm{Au}(^{12}\mathrm{C}, X)$, ($^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $X$), $X=^{24}\mathrm{Na}\ensuremath{-}^{196}\mathrm{Au}$, ${E}_{^{12}\mathrm{C}}=4.8 \mathrm{and} 25$ GeV, ${E}_{^{20}\mathrm{Ne}}=7.6$ GeV; measured cross sections and recoil properties; deduced mean kinetic parameters; test of factorization and limiting fragmentation.
New Aspects in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Mycobacterial Keratitis

Mycobacterial keratitis is a rare event [1]. In general, infection rates constitute less than 2% of reported infectious microbial keratitis cases [2, 3]. Rates may vary by geographical locations and have been as high as 8% in some reported series from Asia (Reddy, Lalthia, Huang). Trends in recovery of mycobacteria from keratitis increased in number and diversity of pathogens in the last decade (Fig. 1.1 and Table 1.1). Disease recognition, confirmation and management, however, remain challenging. Clinical diagnosis is problematic due to delay in presentation, low index of suspicion, mimicry of fungal or viral keratitis, and prior antibiotic and/or corticosteroid therapy. Traditional risk factors have included trauma with metal objects, soil and/or vegetable matter or following surgical interventions such as radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratectomy, cataract surgery, or contact lens wear (Fig. 1.2). Current and emerging risk factors are mainly health care related and include surgical procedures (LASIK, LASEK, DSEK), smart plugs, and other biomaterials (Fig. 1.3). In several patients, no identifiable risk factor has been documented [4–7].
Changes in Upper-Extremity Functional Capacity and Daily Performance During Outpatient Occupational Therapy for People With Stroke

Objective This study explored how upper-extremity (UE) functional capacity and daily performance change during the course of outpatient rehabilitation in people with stroke. Method Fifteen participants receiving outpatient occupational therapy services for UE paresis poststroke were enrolled. UE motor capacity was measured with the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and UE performance was measured using bilateral, wrist-worn accelerometers. Measurements were taken at or near the start of therapy, at every 10th visit or every 30 days throughout the duration of services, and at discharge. Results Three patterns were observed: (1) increase in ARAT scores and more normalized accelerometry profiles, (2) increase in ARAT scores but no change in accelerometry profiles, and (3) no change in ARAT scores or in accelerometry profiles. Conclusion UE performance in daily life was highly variable, with inconsistencies between change in UE capacity and change in UE performance. UE capacity and performance are important constructs to assess separately during rehabilitation.
DNA Instability Maintains the Repeat Length of the Yeast RNA Polymerase II C-terminal Domain.

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes is comprised of tandemly repeating units of a conserved seven-amino acid sequence. The number of repeats is, however, quite variable across different organisms. Furthermore, previous studies have identified evidence of rearrangements within the CTD coding region, suggesting that DNA instability may play a role in regulating or maintaining CTD repeat number. The work described here establishes a clear connection between DNA instability and CTD repeat number in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, analysis of 36 diverse S. cerevisiae isolates revealed evidence of numerous past rearrangements within the DNA sequence that encodes the CTD. Interestingly, the total number of CTD repeats was relatively static (24–26 repeats in all strains), suggesting a balancing act between repeat expansion and contraction. In an effort to explore the genetic plasticity within this region, we measured the rates of repeat expansion and contraction using novel reporters and a doxycycline-regulated expression system for RPB1. In efforts to determine the mechanisms leading to CTD repeat variability, we identified the presence of DNA secondary structures, specifically G-quadruplex-like DNA, within the CTD coding region. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mutating PIF1, a G-quadruplex-specific helicase, results in increased CTD repeat length polymorphisms. We also determined that RAD52 is necessary for CTD repeat expansion but not contraction, identifying a role for recombination in repeat expansion. Results from these DNA rearrangements may help explain the CTD copy number variation seen across eukaryotes, as well as support a model of CTD expansion and contraction to maintain CTD integrity and overall length.
GIS-based Digital Management of the Village Community

GIS is an important guarantee and support in the construction of digital management of village community.It can enhance the management efficiency and management level and promote the comprehensive development of local community.GIS-based digital management of village communities enhances the role of government management,industrial development and community services.This paper points out the advantages of village community digital management with challenges and discusses the future development prospects.
Effect of Large Scale Wind Power Access on Relay Protection and Its Countermeasures

As the economy continues to grow,the demand for electricity is increasing;facing the severe situation of power shortage,the state make great efforts to develop wind power,promote the rapid development of the power system,but also for the traditional relay protection raised new demands.This paper discusses the impact of the current large-scale wind power access on relay protection,pointing out that the main problem;in order to promote healthy and rapid development of wind power.
Strong Electrostatic Interactions Lead to Entropically Favorable Binding of Peptides to Charged Surfaces

Thermodynamic analyses can provide key insights into the origins of protein self-assembly on surfaces, protein function, and protein stability. However, obtaining quantitative measurements of thermodynamic observables from unbiased classical simulations of peptide or protein adsorption is challenging because of sampling limitations brought on by strong biomolecule/surface binding forces as well as time scale limitations. We used the parallel tempering metadynamics in the well-tempered ensemble (PTMetaD-WTE) enhanced sampling method to study the adsorption behavior and thermodynamics of several explicitly solvated model peptide adsorption systems, providing new molecular-level insight into the biomolecule adsorption process. Specifically studied were peptides LKα14 and LKβ15 and trpcage miniprotein adsorbing onto a charged, hydrophilic self-assembled monolayer surface functionalized with a carboxylic acid/carboxylate headgroup and a neutral, hydrophobic methyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer surface. B...
Laparoscopic Treatment of Ureteral Obstruction Secondary to Ovarian Remnant Syndrome

AbstractA case is presented in which an ovarian remnant following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy resulted in unilateral ureteral obstruction. The obstructing tissue was excised laparoscopically with simultaneous ureteroscopic monitoring.
Risk-Seeking Agent

In previous section we represented agent’s perceived risk by a measure that reflects the dispersion of his revenue stream. Although the dispersion of possible outcomes has been widely used as the measure of risk (Pratt 1964; Rothschild and Stiglitz 1970; Stiglitz 1974; Levy 1992; Fukunaga and Huffman 2009; Lewis and Bajari 2014) it fails to capture observable behavior in risky settings. In this section we extend our principal-agent analysis to risk-seeking agent. We note that there is an ongoing evaluation of risk attitudes in an attempt to explain peoples’ behavior when faced with risky choices. For instance Prospect Theory claims to offer a better model that covers discrepancies observed elsewhere (Kahneman and Tversky 1979; Tversky and Kahneman 1992).
Visualizing the Networks of Economic Transactions and Ads in Stolen Data Markets

This chapter explores how social network analysis can enlighten our understanding of the deviant exchanges between data market participants at the global (network overall) and local (key players) levels. It starts with the network visualizations and global network measures. The correlations between user centrality (measure derived from the network) and the number of posts a user has made (measure collected from the forums) do not differentiate between ripping and non-ripping forums, but indicate a high variation among forums. On most forums, the sellers are central users, indicating their importance to the existence of the market, while the buyers create the most discussion. The chapter ends with Monte Carlo simulations of the networks attempting to identify their hidden structure.
Risk stratification for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using pretreatment alpha‐foetoprotein and 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography

Background & Aims We investigated the significance of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) parameters and alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) levels in patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (LA-HCC). Methods We retrospectively analysed data of 228 patients with LA-HCC who underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET between January 2003 and December 2013. All patients were treated using liver-directed therapy involving radiotherapy. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVs) and tumour-to-extratumoural liver SUV ratios were calculated, and pretreatment AFP values were obtained. Results Patients were divided into high and low maximum SUV (SUVmax) groups according to a SUV cut-off of 4.825 determined via receiver-operating characteristic analysis. High AFP level (>550 ng/mL) and high SUVmax were significant predictors of overall and progression-free survival. Better treatment responses and longer median progression-free and overall survival were observed in the low SUVmax group, compared to the high SUVmax group. Similar results were obtained for SUV ratio-based (cut-off value: 2.355) and AFP-based analyses (cut-off value: 550 ng/mL). Three risk groups were identified using the double biomarkers of SUVmax and AFP value as strong prognosticators predictive of survival outcomes. This risk stratification was identified as a prognosticator of survival outcomes, even after subgroup analyses. Furthermore, in high risk group, significantly high extrahepatic failure was shown while in low risk group, significantly low intrahepatic failure. Conclusions Clinical significance of double biomarkers, SUV and AFP, could be translated into risk stratification for LA-HCC. It could be a valuable tool for survival outcome prediction.
Studies of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Using a Coupled Multielectrode Array Sensor

A newly developed multielectrode array sensor (MASS) was used to conduct a series of abiotic and biotic tests to determine if the probe can detect corrosion induced by microbial activity. The probe was able to determine the maximum corrosion rate in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and showed that this rate was at least a factor of 10 greater than in the absence of SRBs. In addition, the corrosion rates obtained using the probe were much higher than those determined using linear polarization resistance further demonstrating its inherent better sensitivity to localized corrosion.
Potential pitfalls of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children: Case report of an unrecognized sliding hernia and review of other rare complications

Abstract Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) has been shown to be safe and effective in the pediatric population. However, a number of complications exist that are unique to this approach. Here, we provide a review of the literature of rare complications of LIHR and present a case of an extraperitoneal sliding inguinal hernia containing bladder that was unrecognized at the time of laparoscopic repair. While LIHR is associated with low complication rates, our review revealed numerous unique complications of LIHR including bowel strangulation secondary to adhesions, port site hernias, omental evisceration, iliac vein puncture with retroperitoneal hematoma, anesthetic complications and transient or persistent hydrocele. In our experience, we encountered an early postoperative “recurrent” hernia which was found to be a sliding hernia not recognized during LIHR. This was readily recognized and repaired with the open approach. As laparoscopic techniques become increasingly used by pediatric surgeons, it is imperative that both experienced and more novice practitioners of laparoscopy recognize the potential pitfalls unique to laparoscopic repair.
Using HIV Surveillance Laboratory Data to Identify Out-of-Care Patients

HIV-associated laboratory tests reported to public health surveillance have been used as a proxy measure of care engagement of HIV+ individuals. As part of a Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Initiative, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) worked with three pilot clinical facilities to identify HIV+ patients whose last HIV laboratory test occurred at the participating facility but who then appeared to be out of care, defined as an absence of HIV laboratory test results reported to MDPH for at least 6 months. The clinical facilities then reviewed medical records to determine whether these patients were actually not in care, or if there was another reason that they did not have a laboratory test performed, and provided feedback to MDPH on each of the presumed out-of-care patients. In the first year of the pilot project, 37% of patients who appeared to be out of care based on laboratory data were confirmed to be out of care after review of clinical health records. Of those patients who were confirmed to be out of care, 55% had a subsequent laboratory test within 3 months, and 72% had a laboratory test within 6 months, indicating that they had re-engaged with a care provider. MDPH found that it was essential to have clinical staff confirm the care status of patients who were presumed to be out of care based on surveillance data.
The new era of couple therapy – innovation indeed

ABSTRACTThe composer Mozart stated, ‘Love guards the heart from the abyss’. Simple, sentimental perhaps. If we understand ‘love’ to mean secure responsive attachment, this attachment indeed protects us from despair and grows our ability to deal well with our vulnerability. I hope you will see from this presentation how this simple phrase ‘captures’ attachment science, which is all about how safe connection with others offers us emotional balance. It also captures Cal Rogers’s basic vision of our species: a vision which states that we grow and stand tall in the shelter of each other. I suggest that the most obvious and elegant clinical implementation of attachment science is humanistic experiential psychotherapy. My client Tom agrees with me. He remarks, ‘This bonding stuff makes sense of so much, but the things you “do” with it in these sessions help me “feel” into what it all means; helps me connect with my lady and with myself in a new way, a safe way’.
From depression to youth school gun carrying in America: Social connectedness may help break the link

AbstractSchool shootings are a serious US problem. Except for restricting the access to firearms, previous research has not identified mediating factors that block the pathway leading from adolescent depression to gun carrying and violence. Our examination of 1,878 adolescents in Boston public schools finds that adolescent depression is associated with carrying guns to school and that social connectedness—positive relationships between the youth and adults—may serve as a mediator between adolescent depression and taking guns to school. Parallel to gun control policy, reinforcing social connectedness may be an effective strategy to prevent mentally distressed youths from taking guns to school.
Distributed decoupling of linear multiagent systems with mixed matched and unmatched state-coupled nonlinear uncertainties

Distributed control algorithms have been widely designed to achieve consensus in a decoupled multiagent system. However, the presence of couplings may result in an unacceptable response of each agent because of the instability or poor transient performance of the overall closed-loop multiagent system. In this article, we consider a class of multiagent systems with linear nominal dynamics subject to the state-dependent nonlinear couplings. These nonlinearities appear as mixed matched and unmatched modeling uncertainties which are quadratically upper bounded. We investigate the case when the control-layer communication topology is different from the agent-layer coupling structure. We design optimal distributed control strategies that asymptotically decouple agents, and provide a guaranteed level of transient performance for the closed-loop coupled multiagent system. We further develop a fixed-gain linear quadratic regulator-based fully distributed decoupling system without global knowledge about the agent- and control-layer graph topologies.
Strategic Planning From the Bottom Up: A Unit Strategic Plan That Pushes Change

ABSTRACTThis article describes an example of a unit level strategic plan, its formation, and its effects in implementation. The argument is presented that unit level strategic plans can help libraries by giving individuals specific goals that are tailored to their strengths and make up for the unit's weaknesses.
Perception and Practice Among Emergency Medicine Health Care Providers Regarding Discharging Patients After Opioid Administration.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to determine the current attitudes, perceptions, and practices of emergency medicine providers and nurses (RNs) regarding the discharge of adult patients from the emergency department (ED) after administration of opioid analgesics. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered at 3 hospital sites with a combined annual ED census of >180,000 visits per year. All 59 attending emergency physicians (EPs), 233 RNs, and 23 advanced practice clinicians (APCs) who worked at these sites were eligible to participate. Findings Thirty-five EPs (59.3%), 88 RNs (37.8%), and 14 APCs (60.9%) completed the survey for an overall response rate of 51.75%. Most respondents were female (95 [69.9%]). The factor ranked most important to consider when discharging a patient from the ED after administration of opioids was the patient’s functional status and vital signs (median, 2.00; interquartile range, 2.00–3.50). More RNs (84 [96.6%]) than EPs (29 [82.9%]) reported that developing an ED policy or guideline for safe discharge after administration of opioids is important to clinical practice (P = 0.02). Only 8 physicians (23.5%) reported that they did not prescribe intramuscular morphine, and 15 (42.9%) reported that they did not prescribe intramuscular hydromorphone. EPs (7 [20.0%]) and RNs (3 [3.4%]) differed in regard to whether they were aware if any patients to whom they administered an opioid had experienced an adverse drug-related event (P = 0.01). Most EPs (24 [68.6%]) and RNs (54 [61.4%]) believed that the decision for patient discharge should be left to both the emergency medicine provider and the RN. Implications Most study participants believed that developing a policy or guideline for safe discharge after administration opioids in the ED is important to clinical practice. Only a few physicians reported that they did not prescribe intramuscular hydromorphone or morphine. Most participants believed the discharge decision after administration of opioids in the ED should be primarily determined by both the emergency medicine provider and the RN.
Tc’s -- The High and Low of it

Preface: The following manuscript was adapted from a tape recording of the lecture presented by Professor Matthias at the Conference, “The Science and Technology of Superconductivity” held at Georgetown University, August 1971. His hand drawings (blackboard drawings during lecture) are included here for clarity.
Leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla. Report of a case and review of the literature.

Abstract Primary malignant smooth-muscle tumors of bone have rarely been reported. A review of the literature has yielded only nineteen cases. The light microscopic features and ultrastructural findings of an additional case of leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla are added. The age, sex, and site distributions of primary leiomyosarcomas of bone are examined.
GENERALIZED SOLUTION OF SOME STOCHASTIC P.D.E.'S IN TURBULENT DIFFUSION*

The paper is concerned with the generalized solution of some parabolic equations with a random drift, as a model in turbulent diffusion. According to Hida’s theory, the solution is regarded as a, possibly generalized, Brownian functional. The solution is constructed in the form of an infinite series of generalized Brownian functionals of ascending degrees. The method of solution is based on a Fourier transform or an iteration procedure, depending on whether the coefficients are spatially homogeneous or not. A singular perturbation and regularity of the solution for the spatially homogeneous case are also studied. Furthermore the solution is discussed by means of Hopf’s functional differential equation for this problem.
Is Hedge Fund Adviser Registration Necessary to Accomplish the Goals of the Dodd–Frank Act’s Title IV?

Table of ContentsI. Introduction 652II. Hedge Funds in General 655A. Defining Hedge Fund 655B. Legal Framework 660III. (Attempted) Regulation Before the Dodd-Frank Act ......661A. Traditional Securities Regulation: Historical Exemptions for Hedge Funds 662B. 1990s: Major Hedge Fund's Collapse Spurs Regulation Debate 669C. 2004: Push for Direct Hedge Fund Regulation 675IV. Direct Hedge Fund Regulation Under Title IV(PFIARA) of the Dodd-Frank Act 679A. Two Failed Hedge Funds Kick-Off Financial Crisis 679B. Dodd-Frank Title IV (PFIARA) 6831. What Is the Point of the PFIARA? 6842. Who Has to Register Under the Advisers Act Because of the PFIARA? 6843. PFIARA Goal 1: How Will Investor Protection Be Furthered? 6874. PFIARA Goal 2: How Will the Systemic Risks of Private Funds Be Assessed? 688V. Analysis and Recommendations 692A. Is Hedge Fund Adviser Registration Necessary in Light of the PFIARA? 6931. Hedge Fund Adviser Registration Is Unnecessary for Investor Protection 6932. Hedge Fund Adviser Registration Is Unnecessary for Systemic Risk Assessment 697B. Recommendations 698VI. Conclusion 702I. IntroductionHedge funds have avoided direct regulation under federal securities laws for most of their existence.1 The hedge fund industry has gained a reputation for being secretive and opaque mainly because information available on hedge funds is scarce.2 Since the collapse of a massive hedge fund in the late 1990s, however, hedge funds have been targeted for increased regulation.3 Over the decades, the federal government has provided a variety of policy reasons in favor of regulating hedge funds. The ebb and flow of hedge fund scrutiny, and the policy rationales behind hedge fund regulation, have predictably correlated with major financial events.4In 2007, two Bear Stearns hedge funds that had largely invested in mortgage-backed investments5 collapsed.6 This signaled a deteriorating U.S. mortgage market that would eventually lead to the financial meltdown known as the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 (Financial Crisis).7 Soon after, the Financial Crisis caused the United States to fall into a deep recession.8 Hedge funds' involvement in the Financial Crisis, like the hedge fund industry itself, is not fully understood.9 Nevertheless, the Financial Crisis finally tipped the scales back toward hedge fund regulation.In 2010, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act)10 to provide stability to the damaged U.S. financial system.11 Although several areas of the Dodd-Frank Act affect hedge funds, this Note focuses on Title TV of the Act, entitled the Private Fund Investment Advisers Registration Act of 2010 (PFIARA).12 The PFIARA directly regulates the hedge fund industry by requiring certain hedge fund advisers to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Advisers Act of 1940 (Advisers Act). …
Tumor of follicular infundibulum-associated neoplasms.

Tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) is a rare benign cutaneous adnexal neoplasm first described by Mehregan and Butler in 1961.1 TFI most commonly presents as a solitary papule, plaque, or macule, on the head and neck region.2 Clinical variants include multiple or eruptive forms.3 Histopathologically, solitary lesions present as platelike subepidermal proliferations of eosinophilic, pale-staining keratinocytes, creating a reticulated pattern.3, 4 Many cases of TFI have been associated with other cutaneous lesions, stimulating discussions surrounding the histogeneis of TFI. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most commonly reported association, with varying rates of associated lesions seen in other reports.3 Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old man with TFI and an associated dysplastic nevus.
Factors related to the comparative effectiveness of clozapine in patients with schizophrenia.

AIM To examine the factors related to the comparative effectiveness of clozapine. PATIENTS & METHODS US insurance claims databases were used to identify schizophrenia patients. To examine the factors modifying the comparative effectiveness of clozapine in relation to other second-generation antipsychotics, a series of variables were interacted with a clozapine indicator in regressions. RESULTS The impacts of clozapine on both persistence and adherence were significantly modified by prior hospitalization, prior epilepsy diagnosis and prior use of antianginal agents. The relative risks of heavy inpatient services use and heavy emergency department services use were also modified by several factors. CONCLUSION Several factors can be used to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from clozapine than other second-generation antipsychotics.
High impact prioritization of bikeshare program investment to improve disadvantaged communities' access to jobs and essential services

Abstract Bikeshare programs are increasingly popular in the United States and they offer an important alternative mode choice for many types of last-mile trips. Bikeshare systems have not captured high levels of ridership from disadvantaged populations, but there is some evidence that current bikeshare systems have specifically targeted certain populations to ensure sufficiently high demand for profitability. Far less attention has been paid to bikeshare programs' potential to provide greater access to jobs and essential services for disadvantaged communities. This paper uses two case study cities (Chicago and Philadelphia) to first, examine whether bikeshare systems have targeted specific populations, and to second, quantitatively assess the potential for bikeshare systems to provide greater accessibility for disadvantaged communities. Our results demonstrate that a well-designed bikeshare system can generate greater accessibility improvements for disadvantaged communities than the same system would produce for other populations. Using a newly developed spatial index that combines the potential for increased access to jobs and essential services, the level of bike infrastructure, and the disadvantaged population shares, we also find evidence that existing bikeshare systems have been specifically designed to target certain ridership. We find that locating stations in proximity to disadvantaged communities has the potential to increase household access (by bike and by bike-to-transit) to jobs and essential services and can close accessibility gaps between mobility constrained populations and critical services. The spatial index can be applied to identify potential locations to locate bikeshare stations (dock-based bikeshare systems) or rebalance bikes (dockless bikeshare systems) to address bikeshare equity issues.
Resonant response and optimal energy harvesting of an elastically mounted pitching and heaving hydrofoil

Experiments using a cyber-physical hydrofoil, tested over a wide range of stiffness and damping coefficients, reveal that the optimal response is achieved at the structural resonant frequency where the leading-edge vortex formation is synchronized with the foil pithing and heaving.
Species distribution modelling supports “nectar corridor” hypothesis for migratory nectarivorous bats and conservation of tropical dry forest

AIM: The Mexican long‐tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana), Mexican long‐nosed bat (Leptonycteris nivalis) and lesser long‐nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) undertake long‐distance migrations from south‐central Mexico to the south‐western United States. It is proposed that these bats migrate along a nectar corridor of columnar cacti and Agave species, but this has not been tested with independent data and the spatiotemporal nature of this relationship is poorly understood. Our goal was to test this nectar corridor hypothesis and determine the relative importance of food plant and abiotic variables to the distribution and seasonal movements of these migratory nectarivores. LOCATION: Mexico and the south‐western United States. METHODS: We generated species distribution models (SDMs) of documented food plants for these bats. We then created SDMs for each bat following a model selection approach, using food plant and abiotic predictor variables. We modelled migration pathways for C. mexicana and L. yerbabuenae using circuit theory and seasonal SDMs based on seasonally available food plants. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Food plants were more important than climatic and topographic variables in shaping the distribution of these bats. The most important predictors of distribution were Agave, columnar cacti and species richness of food plants. Species richness of food plants was the most consistently important variable, but the components of this diversity varied by bat species: Choeronycteris mexicana was influenced by Agave and cacti; Leptonycteris nivalis was influenced solely by Agave; Leptonycteris yerbabuenae was influenced more generally by cacti, Agave and C3 plants. Migration models for C. mexicana and L. yerbabuenae provided independent support for the nectar corridor hypothesis and indicate shifts in relative importance of specific food plants throughout the year. These results suggest that conservation of these bats should focus more broadly on management for species richness of food plants, especially in tropical dry forests.
TADA: phylogenetic augmentation of microbiome samples enhances phenotype classification.

Motivation Learning associations of traits with the microbial composition of a set of samples is a fundamental goal in microbiome studies. Recently, machine learning methods have been explored for this goal, with some promise. However, in comparison to other fields, microbiome data are high-dimensional and not abundant; leading to a high-dimensional low-sample-size under-determined system. Moreover, microbiome data are often unbalanced and biased. Given such training data, machine learning methods often fail to perform a classification task with sufficient accuracy. Lack of signal is especially problematic when classes are represented in an unbalanced way in the training data; with some classes under-represented. The presence of inter-correlations among subsets of observations further compounds these issues. As a result, machine learning methods have had only limited success in predicting many traits from microbiome. Data augmentation consists of building synthetic samples and adding them to the training data and is a technique that has proved helpful for many machine learning tasks. Results In this paper, we propose a new data augmentation technique for classifying phenotypes based on the microbiome. Our algorithm, called TADA, uses available data and a statistical generative model to create new samples augmenting existing ones, addressing issues of low-sample-size. In generating new samples, TADA takes into account phylogenetic relationships between microbial species. On two real datasets, we show that adding these synthetic samples to the training set improves the accuracy of downstream classification, especially when the training data have an unbalanced representation of classes. Availability and implementation TADA is available at https://github.com/tada-alg/TADA. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Chapter 13 – MEMS Testing

Publisher Summary A majority of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices are inherently mechanical in nature and therefore require some special considerations during various manufacturing stages and testing. This chapter discusses some of the important handling considerations during dicing, packaging, and testing. There are a wide variety of test methods, such as electrical, optical, mechanical, and environmental, for characterization of various MEMS devices. This chapter reviews the instrumentation, typical setup, and important characteristics for testing a wide variety of MEMS devices, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, humidity sensors, RF MEMS, optical MEMS, pressure sensors, and microphones. It is primarily the diversity of MEMS devices and their working principles that have prevented the development of universal design-for-testability (DFT) and built-in self-test (BIST) solutions for all types of MEMS in general. As a result, different DFT/BIST solutions are required for different types of MEMS. The discovery of such solutions needs a thorough understanding of various MEMS defects, fault models, and their associated failure mechanisms. This is further complicated by the variety of physical/chemical stimuli for MEMS devices including acceleration, pressure, heat, and chemical concentration, to name a few. In BIST for MEMS, such stimuli must be generated automatically on-chip. The on-chip generation of non-electrical test stimuli such as chemical or fluidic inputs for bioMEMS testing has also been difficult.
Imaging features of pathologically proven pediatric splenic masses

Splenic masses present a diagnostic challenge to radiologists and clinicians alike, with a relative paucity of data correlating radiologic findings to pathological diagnosis in the pediatric population. To illustrate splenic mass imaging findings and approximate lesion prevalence, we retrospectively reviewed all splenectomies and splenic biopsies for splenic masses at a single academic pediatric hospital over a 10-year period in patients 18 years and younger. A total of 31 splenic masses were analyzed. Lesion prevalence, pathology and imaging features associated with sampled splenic masses are described. The lesions encountered include benign splenic cysts (9), vascular anomalies (7), hamartoma (3), leukemia/lymphoma (3), granulomata (3) and metastasis (2). We also identified single cases of angiosarcoma, splenic cord capillary hemangioma, congestive hemorrhage, and benign smooth muscle neoplasm.
A randomized comparison of extended-release naltrexone with or without patient navigation vs enhanced treatment-as-usual for incarcerated adults with opioid use disorder.

Abstract The high prevalence of opioid use among justice-involved adults make jails an exceptional setting to initiate opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment, but optimal strategies for delivering these interventions are still not well understood. The objective of this study was to conduct a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX, Vivitrol®; Alkermes Inc) alone or in conjunction with patient navigation (XR-NTX + PN) for jail inmates with OUD. We randomized a sample of 135 sentenced jail inmates with moderate to severe OUD to (1) XR-NTX only; (2) XR-NTX + PN; or (3) enhanced treatment-as-usual (ETAU) with drug education, each initiated prior to release from jail. We scheduled follow-up data assessments at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-release. Primary outcomes were opioid use (based on Timeline Followback Interview and Addiction Severity Index) and meeting CIDI DSM-5 criteria for OUD 6 months postrelease. We also measured treatment adherence, HIV risk, and recidivism. XR-NTX participants received a mean of 2.26 of 7 possible injections compared to XR-NTX + PN participants, who received a mean of 2.93 injections (Cohen's d = 0.33, 95% CI: −0.09 to 0.74). Thirty-six percent of patients in XR-NTX + PN attended at least one postrelease PN session. We found no significant differences by study condition six months after release from jail for the primary outcomes of any opioid use (ETAU: 17%, XR-NTX: 16%, XR-NTX + PN: 29%) and past 30-day OUD (ETAU: 8%, XR-NTX: 11%, XR-NTX + PN: 10%). Secondary outcomes of rearrest and HIV risk also were similar across groups, with the exception of lower sex-related HIV risk among those in the XR-NTX condition at 12 months. This study did not show superior outcomes of XR-NTX or XR-NTX + PN with regard to opioid use or recidivism outcomes, relative to ETAU. It did, however, highlight the difficulties with adherence to XR-NTX and PN interventions in OUD patients initiating treatment in jail.
Hungry Heartland: A Multidisciplinary, Multimedia, Service-Learning Class Project

The Hungry Heartland project integrates service learning, media literacy, and multidisciplinary collaboration. It engages students from three disciplines to produce multimedia communication and raise public awareness about the lack of healthy food access in Kansas. Interviews and surveys were used to gather student feedback. Overall, students found the project a challenging learning experience, gained a sense of social responsibility, but remained conflicted about multidisciplinary collaboration. Lessons were drawn to inform future iterations of the project.