cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Endogenous Plasma Oxytocic Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows

Abstract Jugular blood samples were obtained through indwelling catheters from each of 14 Holstein cows on days 58, 115, 177, 223, and 262 of lactation. One sample was taken prior to stimulation for milk ejection, and nine samples were taken at consecutive 30-second intervals following the initiation of stimulation. The reproductive status and residual milk yield of each cow at each sampling period were recorded. Plasma oxytocic activity in international units per milliliter increased, reached a maximum, and declined in a quadratic response to advancing time from initiation of stimulation. Both prestimulation and peak post-stimulation activities were higher in nonpregnant than in pregnant cows. Cycling cows with high persistency had lower pre-stimulation and higher peak post-stimulation activities than cycling cows with low persistency. Residual milk was lower in cycling cows with high persistency and early gestation. Both pre-stimulation and peak post-stimulation plasma oxytocic activities were depressed during the second week of estrous cycle as compared to either the first or third weeks, and residual milk yield was greater in the third week than during the previous two weeks of the estrous cycle.
Line-of-sight tracking based upon modern heuristics approach

Any autonomous vehicle must be able to successfully navigate a wide variety of situations and terrain conditions. As a result, proposed solutions usually involve a sophisticated and expensive implementation of both hardware and software. In many situations, however, truly autonomous operation may not be necessary or practical. Instead, equipping and training a vehicle to automatically follow a human-controlled lead vehicle is a viable alternative. While still autonomous, the vehicle relies upon its leader to handle the complex decisions with regards to course and speed. This paper presents a simple and elegant configuration, called FLoST for fuzzy line of sight tracking, based on inexpensive line-of-sight devices controlled by a heuristic to determine direction and speed of a follower. Unlike the alternative approach where the follower needs to undergo a complex training process, the follower using the approach presented in this paper primarily relies upon a human leader to provide direction, allowing for a much simpler and less expensive vehicle implementation while still being able to match or exceed the effectiveness of the autonomous design under similar conditions. Finally, three boundary cases of lead vehicle maneuvers (circle, spiral and weave) are presented to show the efficacy of this approach.
Assessing the Multidimensionality of Students’ Epistemic Beliefs Across Diverse Cultures

Measurement is a critical issue in the study of individuals’ beliefs about knowledge. Given the prominence of the multidimensional conceptualization of epistemic beliefs, it is important to examine the multidimensional measures of beliefs more closely. An examination of literature reveals that although many studies have been conducted with the Schommer Epistemological Questionnaire or related measures, there are variations with regard to the number of identified factors and the nature of the beliefs those factors are meant to represent. Further, additional knowledge dimensions have been proposed and new measures of multidimensional beliefs have been developed. Although some variations are to be expected due to the measures used, age of the participants sampled, and the forms of analyses employed, the role of students’ cultural background must also be considered. In this chapter, I discuss the psychometric properties of the existing measures as well as how the factors that have been identified vary depending on the characteristics of participants and the analyses conducted. Emergent patterns from the existing studies and implications for refining and developing measures in future research are discussed.
Non-Specific Blocking of miR-17-5p Guide Strand in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Amplifying Passenger Strand Activity

Conventional wisdom holds that only one of the two strands in a micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) precursor duplex is selected as the active miRNA guide strand. The complementary miRNA passenger strand, however, is thought to be inactive. High levels of the oncogenic miRNA (oncomiR) guide strand called miR-17-5p is overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and can inhibit ribosomal translation of tumor suppressor gene mRNAs, such as programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). We hypothesized that knocking down the oncogenic microRNA (oncomiR) miR-17-5p might restore the expression levels of PDCD4 and PTEN tumor suppressor proteins, illustrating a route to oligonucleotide therapy of TNBC. Contrary to conventional wisdom, antisense knockdown of oncomiR miR-17-5p guide strand reduced PDCD4 and PTEN proteins by 1.8±0.3 fold in human TNBC cells instead of raising them. Bioinformatics analysis and folding energy calculations revealed that mRNA targets of miR-17-5p guide strand, such as PDCD4 and PTEN, could also be regulated by miR-17-3p passenger strand. Due to high sequence homology between the antisense molecules and miR-17-3p passenger strand, as well as the excess binding sites for the passenger strand on the 3’UTR of PDCD4 and PTEN mRNAs, introducing a miR-17-3p DNA-LNA mimic to knock down miR-17-5p reduced PDCD4 and PTEN protein expression instead of raising them. Our results imply that therapeutic antisense sequences against miRNAs should be designed to target the miRNA strand with the greatest number of putative binding sites in the target mRNAs, while minimizing affinity for the minor strand.
THE USE OF AUSCULTATORY PERCUSSION FOR THE EXAMINATION OF FRACTURES

Auscultatory percussion applied across fractures of the shaft of the femur, humerus, and clavicle may be so interpreted as to indicate the presence of a complete fracture, the relative position of the fragments, and, during the postoperative course, the development of bony union. The stethoscope bell and the percussing finger should be applied over bony prominences on either side of the fracture and the sound so elicited compared with that produced by the same procedure on the normal side. Sound alteration constitutes the criterion of the test. Pitch and quality changes result from free vibration of the separate fragments and, accordingly, signify complete fracture or incomplete union. Appreciable diminution in sound intensity indicates poor conduction and reflects absence of end-to-end contact. The chief merits of the examination method may be summarized as follows: 1. The application of the test is simple, rapid, and entails no discomfort to the patient. 2. The desired information is immediately obtainable. 3. For diagnostic purposes, the test is always available when x-ray facilities are not at hand. 4. In the hospital, it may be employed equally well with the patient on the orthopaedic table, in traction apparatus, in bed, or in a plaster cast, and is consequently applicable during, as well as following, the reduction. 5. For certain purposes, the method appears more accurate than x-ray or fluoroscopy. A. The presence of end-to-end contact may be established with certainty by auscultatory percussion whereas, with x-ray, the true displacement often appears magnified or reduced. (Distortion due to oblique exposure.) B. Determination of the degree of bony union attained is sometimes difficult with x-ray, particularly when plaster or over- abundant callus obscures the fracture area. Auscultatory percussion is in no way affected by these factors. A diversity of other orthopaedic measures entails the sometimes difficult task of determining the presence of bony contact or bony joint fusion. In general, when the test is applied in such cases, its interpretation will follow the above outlined basic principles. The practical utility of the method in this field is being studied at the present time.
Waist-to-hip ratios of Jomon figurines

The authors show that the Jomon clay figurines made by hunter-gatherers use imagery that emphasises a narrow waist and full hips, showing that a female construct was part of the symbolism of these possibly shamanistic objects. In creating these figurines, prehistoric people were no doubt turning a recognition of health and fertility into more cultural icons. Admirers of the female form will be interested to learn that preference for the fuller, curvaceous �hourglass� shape �has probably been the norm over much of human evolution�.
Liver Transplantation: Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography Findings and Relationship to Major Postoperative Adverse Cardiac Events.

Objective The primary aim of the study was to describe the most common intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) findings during the 3 separate phases of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The secondary aim of the study was to determine if the abnormal TEE findings were associated with major postoperative adverse cardiac events (MACE) and thus may be amenable to future management strategies. Design Data were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical record and institutional echocardiography database. Setting Single university hospital. Participants A total of 100 patients undergoing OLT via total cavaplasty technique. Interventions Intraoperative TEE was performed in all 3 phases of OLT. Measurement and Main Results TEE findings of 100 patients who had TEE during OLT during the dissection, anhepatic, and reperfusion phases of transplantation were recorded after blind review. Findings then were analyzed to see if those findings were predictive of postoperative MACE. Intraoperative TEE findings varied among the different phases of OLT. Common TEE findings at reperfusion were microemboli (n = 40, 40%), isolated right ventricular dysfunction (n = 22, 22%), and intracardiac thromboemboli (n = 20, 20%). Conclusions Intraoperative echocardiography findings during liver transplantation varied during each phase of transplantation. The presence of intracardiac thromboemboli or biventricular dysfunction on intraoperative echocardiography was predictive of short- and long-term major postoperative adverse cardiac events.
The Obstacles and Challenges to Democratic Consolidation in Madagascar (1992-2009)

Madagascar’s 3rd Republic (1992-2009) was classified by Freedom House as “partly free” or electoral democracy. However, instead of moving up to the status of liberal democracy (free), this electoral democracy reverted to an outright autocracy in 2009, when Andry Rajoelina, with the help of the military, overthrew the democratically elected president Marc Ravalomanana. Madagascar’s short-lived democracy reminds us of the importance of democratic consolidation for the new democracies emerging from the “Third Wave” of democratization. The purpose of this article is to identify the major obstacles and challenges to democratic consolidation in a poor and divided country, like Madagascar. Building on Larry Diamond’s three generic tasks of democratic consolidation, this article finds that, instead of consolidating, Madagascar’s electoral democracy actually started to deteriorate in 2002, before its sudden death in 2009; and that, among other factors, the major obstacle to democratic consolidation was the ever-increasing power of the successive presidents, who had been characterized as “Monarchic Presidents.” In line with these findings, the major challenge to democratic consolidation in this country is to constrain the presidential power, in order to make the president a “regular citizen,” or at least a “first among equal citizens,” and not a “father-and-mother of the country.”
Liberia: Inclusive Growth Diagnostics

Government of Liberia aims to achieve middle income status by 2030 through broad participation and inclusive growth. The country's growth strategy is one of accelerating the exploitation of natural resources, while maintaining sound macro policies, improving the business environment and prudently allocating and and commodity-based financing resources in key infrastructure areas. An Inclusive Growth Diagnostics framework is applied, which points out to severe human capital gaps and the existence of a vicious circle that prevents both the emergence of potentially attractive new economic activities and the take off of SMEs. Such vicious circle arises from information and coordination externalities, which compound to the inefficient allocation of the country's relatively scarce financial resources for building up the human and physical capital necessary for investments and growth.
Notes on the Crane-Flies of the Hawaiian Islands (Tipulidæ, Diptera).

During the past few years some extensive collections of Hawaiian crane-flies have been received from Dr. James F. Illingworth and Mr. O. H. Swezey, to both of whom I am indebted for many favors. The records of these collections, together with a few additional specimens from other sources, are herein recorded to supplement our scanty knowledge of the Hawaiian Tipulidae. A few general statements of the faunal constituents may be given.
Catalytic Proficiency: The Extreme Case of S–O Cleaving Sulfatases

As benchmarks for judging the catalytic power of sulfate monoesterases, we sought to determine the rates of spontaneous hydrolysis of unactivated alkyl sulfate monoesters by S–O bond cleavage. Neopentyl sulfate proved to be unsuitable for this purpose, since it was found to undergo hydrolysis by a C–O bond cleaving mechanism with rearrangement of its carbon skeleton. Instead, we examined the temperature dependence of the spontaneous hydrolyses of aryl sulfate monoesters, which proceed by S–O cleavage. Extrapolation of a Bronsted plot [log(k25N) = (−1.81 ± 0.09) pKaLG + (3.6 ± 0.7)] based on the rate constants at 25 °C for hydrolysis of a series of sulfate monoesters to a pKaLG value of 16.1, typical of an aliphatic alcohol, yields k25N = 3 × 10–26 s–1. Comparison of that value with established kcat values of bacterial sulfatases indicates that these enzymes produce rate enhancements (kcat/kuncat) of up to 2 × 1026-fold for the hydrolysis of sulfate monoesters. These rate enhancements surpass by several or...
Photoluminescent copper(I) complexes with amido-triazolato ligands.

A series of heteroleptic copper(I) complexes incorporating amido-triazole and diphosphine ligands, [CuI(N-phenyl-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (1), [CuI(N-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (2), [CuI(N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (3), [CuI(N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (4), [CuI(2,6-dimethyl-N-[2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]aniline)(dppb)] (5), [CuI(2,6-dimethyl-N-[2-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]aniline)(dppb)] (6), (dppb = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene), have been prepared. The complexes adopt a distorted tetrahedral geometry in the solid state with the amido-triazole ligand forming a six-member ring with the Cu(I) ion. The complexes exhibit long-lived photoluminescence with colors ranging from yellow to red-orange in the solid state, in frozen glass at 77 K, and in fluid solution with modest quantum yields of up to 0.022. Electrochemically, complexes...
Making the Move to Online Teaching: One Reluctant Professor's Informal Self-Study

In my search for my identity as an online teacher, I did an informal self-study to determine if my online classes are equivalent to my face-toface classes. I compared student work and student evaluations from 14 courses: seven online and seven face-to-face. When I compared the quality of student work from both formats, I found it indistinguishable. When I compared the type of comments on student evaluations, they were indistinguishable as well. There seemed to be no discernible difference between me as a face-toface teacher and me as an online teacher. Based on the students’ perceptions and coursework, their learning and enjoyment of learning did not seem to be tied to whether I was in the room with them or not.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an innovative extraction technique.

AbstractThe use of a simple percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a poor risk patient is described.
Role of Klotho in migration and proliferation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells.

Abstract Purpose To examine the possible role of Klotho (Kl) in human microvasculature. Methods The expression level of Kl in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and primary human dermal fibroblasts (HFb) was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification (qRT-PCR), Western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. Migration of HDMECs and HFb was examined in monolayer wound healing “scratch assay” and Transwell assay. Proliferation of these cells was examined using Cell Proliferation BrdU incorporation assay. Results Our results have shown that downregulation of Kl abrogated HDMECs migration after 48 h. On the other hand, migration of HFb significantly increased after blocking Kl. Lack of Kl decreased expression of genes involved in the activation of endothelial cells and enhanced expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and organization of connective tissue. Conclusions This study for the first time provides the evidence that Kl is expressed in HDMECs and HFb. Additionally, we have demonstrated that Kl is implicated in the process of angiogenesis of human dermal microvasculature.
Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in a national worksite sample.

We conducted a screening for serum cholesterol levels at 41 locations of a large manufacturing company to determine baseline serum cholesterol levels in a workplace population. Locations were based on volunteerism. We conducted screenings at the worksite with individuals voluntarily participating on company time. Fifty percent of eligible employees participated in the screening. Using National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines, we identified 17.6% of employees as hyper- cholesterolemic (≥240 mg/dL), and another 30.2% were at borderline high risk. Total serum cholesterol increased with age and was higher in men than in women. Total cholesterol was significantly associated with age, sex, marital status, and education, but not with occupational status.
Effective Use of Group Projects in Online Learning

Group projects have long been used in face-to-face instruction to improve cognitive learning among its students. Group projects not only provide practical experience and allow students to practice the concepts they have learned, but also teach the students creative construction and group dynamics. As important as group projects have proven in conventional learning, they are rarely used in online education courses. This paper examines the foundations of effectively using group projects, and then demonstrates how to integrate them into online learning courses.
Outcome Measures of Deliberate and Spontaneous Motions

Analytical tools for the personalized assessment of natural behaviors are in great demand today, particularly among the community of performing artists. New wearables offer a variety of physiological signals that require proper integration in order to achieve this. Advances in this area of research would provide the artist and trainers with outcome measures of performance to help develop a standardized statistical language to facilitate communication across fields. In this work we present new visualization tools and analytics that enable the automatic identification and tracking of noise-to-signal transitions. The frequency of such transitions differentiate periods of spontaneous random noise from periods of well-structured noise in human motion. The latter are conducive of a predictive code denoting volition. The analyses are tailored to personalized tracking but also amenable to track the performance of an ensemble. We use our example to discuss new possibilities that these research tools may open for the community of performing artists.
Dynamic Games of Incomplete Information

In Chapter 6, we learned that uncertainty about the preferences of other players fundamentally alters the strategic situation in static normal form games. In dynamic, multistage games uncertainty leads to even more interesting strategic possibilities. Reconsider the revolution game depicted in Figure 7.1. The unique subgame perfect equilibrium involves a revolt by the colony and the grant of independence, ( R, (G, T) ). Now consider the game depicted in Figure 8.1. In contrast with the game of Figure 7.1, nation B incurs no cost from using force to suppress a revolution. Now the unique subgame perfect equilibrium is ( C , ( S, T )). This chapter addresses the following question: How should nation A behave if it is not sure which figure accurately describes the game? We now consider games in which players face uncertainty about preferences of other players. Games of this form involve incomplete information . As in Chapter 6, we model such uncertainty using the Harsanyi maneuver. Uncertainty about the payoffs of other players is modeled as a game in which players are uncertain about which node of the game they are located on. This trick involves the use of a fictitious player – Nature – who randomly selects players' types from a known probability distribution. Not all players, however, observe the realization of Nature's draw. To model a situation in which player i does not know player j 's preferences, we assume that Nature chooses player j 's payoffs (type) prior to agent i 's decision, and we model player i as facing an information set with multiple nodes because she does not observe the choice by Nature.
Developing Skills in Participation

A democratic society requires participation of all members. Deliberation and discussion of problems leads to understanding of the problem and of the evidence on which decisions can be based. When all members participate in making decisions that affect them, they are more likely to understand what is involved in the goals they have chosen. Involvement in the process of setting goals that affect oneself as a member of a group builds respect for the integrity of other individuals as the opinions and attitudes of each are evaluated and reshaped as a plan for meeting the needs of all is designed.
Appendix 8—Supplemental Reading Material

This section provides helpful, easily accessible supplemental reading materials, tables, and forms on a variety of subjects such as history, physical exam, preprocedural coagulation parameters, antithrombotic medications, procedural risk for bleeding, antibiotic prophylaxis, and preprocedural and immediate documentation and notes.
“When the Details Are No Longer Too Much”: The Embodied Citizen-Subject in Régine Michelle Jean-Charles’s Conflict Bodies

Regine Michelle Jean-Charles’s Conflict Bodies: The Politics of Rape Representation in the Francophone Imaginary (2014) is a stunning first book by a dynamic scholar working at the intersection of Africana Studies, Human Rights Studies, and Feminist Studies, not to mention literary studies in French. Jean-Charles’s title “Conflict Bodies” gestures both to the context of "conflict zones" as identified by human rights institutions, and it also refers to how the body of the victim-survivor is at once one that has survived, but whose survival reinscribes the body with new subjectivities, subjectivities that are informed both by the extremely intimate, and by the vastly globalized. In other words, as the fictions, photo essays, memoirs, and cinema analyzed by Jean-Charles demonstrate, rape is not just more visible in the conflict zone, it is literally used as a weapon of war, wars that are officially recognized as such, and wars that take place under the auspices of "peacekeeping" missions. That is, the raped body is one that has recorded a specific “script of violence” (9), which has been generated not by any one perpetrator, but by “the epistemic violence of colonialism and postcolonialism” (Ibid.).
A walk trip generation model for Portland, OR

Abstract This study proposes a home-based walk trip generation model, based on the built environment around households, controlling for sociodemographic influences. Two-stage hurdle models are estimated based on a household travel survey in Portland, Oregon. The first stage predicts the probability of households making any home-based walk trips. The second stage predicts the number of home-based walk trips for the subset of households that make such trips. The study also tests built environment variables for three different buffer widths around household locations to see which scale best explains walking behavior. The results show that sociodemographic characteristics are strong predictors of walk trip generation. Specifically, household size, income, and number of workers in the household influence the probability of a household having any walk trips, while household size and number of children in the household affect the number of walk trips made by the subset of households making walk trips. Characteristics of the built environment are also significant. Activity density, transit stop density, employment accessibility, intersection density, and most interestingly, sidewalk quality are associated with the decision to walk as a mode of travel, while land-use entropy, transit stop density, employment accessibility, sidewalk quality, and traffic calming and signal are predictors of the number of walk trips made by households making walk trips. Sidewalk quality is represented by a single principal component that neatly captures the common variance in an array of sidewalk variables. To our knowledge, this is the first walk trip generation model to include a measure of sidewalk quality.
Toward a patient-centered ambulatory after-visit summary: Identifying primary care patients’ information needs

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the information needs of primary care patients as they review clinic visit notes to inform information that should be contained in an after-visit summary (AVS).Method: We collected data from 15 patients with an acute illness and 14 patients with a chronic disease using semi-structured interviews. The acute patients reviewed seven major sections, and chronic patients reviewed eight major sections of a simulated, but realistic visit note to identify relevant information needs for their AVS. Results: Patients in the acute illness group identified the Plan, Assessment and History of Present Illness the most as important note sections, while patients in the chronic care group identified Significant Lab Data, Plan, and Assessment the most as important note sections. Discussion: This study was able to identify primary care patients’ information needs after clinic visit. Primary care patients have information needs pertaining to diagnosis and treatment...
Test method for moisture-driven failure: Effect of VLSI device self-heating and local temperature rise

Peck's model for temperature-humidity-bias test correlation has been well studied and applied to estimate field failure at the use condition. The model postulates the effect of environment temperature and humidity to time-to-failure at stress or at use condition. Since Peck's model was published in 1986, device scaling and integration led to an increase in device self-heating which reduces the local relative humidity around the device in use and during reliability stress testing. Reduced local humidity will reduce the acceleration of humidity driven failure mechanisms in accelerated Temperature Humidity Bias (THB) stress. This paper demonstrates and discusses the effect of device self-heating on the local temperature and humidity during accelerated reliability stress. The study demonstrates that self-heat reduces the moisture locally and hence changes the failure probability dramatically. Therefore test vehicles without transistors (no self-heating) are recommended to envelope accelerated THB stress risk for humidity accelerated failure modes.
Data Science: A New Paradigm in the Age of Big-Data Science and Analytics

As an emergent field of inquiry, Data Science serves both the information technology world and the applied sciences. Data Science is a known term that tends to be synonymous with the term Big-Data; however, Data Science is the application of solutions found through mathematical and computational research while Big-Data Science describes problems concerning the analysis of data with respect to volume, variation, and velocity (3V). Even though there is not much developed in theory from a scientific perspective for Data Science, there is still great opportunity for tremendous growth. Data Science is proving to be of paramount importance to the IT industry due to the increased need for understanding the insurmountable amount of data being produced and in need of analysis. In short, data is everywhere with various formats. Scientists are currently using statistical and AI analysis techniques like machine learning methods to understand massive sets of data, and naturally, they attempt to find relationships among datasets. In the past 10 years, the development of software systems within the cloud computing paradigm using tools like Hadoop and Apache Spark have aided in making tremendous advances to Data Science as a discipline [Z. Sun, L. Sun and K. Strang, Big data analytics services for enhancing business intelligence, Journal of Computer Information Systems (2016), doi: 10.1080/08874417.2016.1220239]. These advances enabled both scientists and IT professionals to use cloud computing infrastructure to process petabytes of data on daily basis. This is especially true for large private companies such as Walmart, Nvidia, and Google. This paper seeks to address pragmatic ways of looking at how Data Science — with respect to Big-Data Science — is practiced in the modern world. We also examine how mathematics and computer science help shape Big-Data Science’s terrain. We will highlight how mathematics and computer science have significantly impacted the development of Data Science approaches, tools, and how those approaches pose new questions that can drive new research areas within these core disciplines involving data analysis, machine learning, and visualization.
Introduction: A Global Practice of Civil Disobedience

This introductory chapter, I lay out the idea of a global perspective on civil disobedience by appeal to Rawls’ Law of Peoples. Indeed, I argue for an extension of the theory of civil disobedience from the peoples of liberal-democratic nation states to the international community of decent peoples. Here, the international standard of decency replaces the principles of liberal social justice as justification for diverse cosmopolitan citizens and states disobeying domestic or international law. Decency thus lays the foundation for a global practice of civil disobedience. The chapter offers brief discussions of the three cases of such a disobedient practice that I take up in detail in the subsequent chapters, along with the different issue that they raise for global justice. It also lays out my general approach to civil disobedience in a global perspective. I stress both the limits of liberal theory in light of diverse conceptions of justice capable of supporting a global disobedience practice, and the positive contribution of non-liberal viewpoints to advancing important global justice causes.
Population health and medicine: Policy and financial drivers.

Purpose The financial and policy levers of population health and potential opportunities for pharmacists are described. Summary Three long-standing problems drive the focus on population health: (1) the United States suffers far worse population health outcomes compared with those of other developed nations that spend significantly less on healthcare, (2) the U.S. healthcare system’s focus on “sick care” fails to address upstream prevention and population health improvement, and (3) financial incentives for healthcare delivery are poorly aligned with improvements in population health outcomes. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) was arguably the first major healthcare legislation since 1965 and had 3 main strategies for improving population health: expand health insurance coverage, control healthcare costs, and improve the healthcare delivery system. Federal and state legislation as well as Medicare and Medicaid financing strategies have designated mechanisms to reward advances in population outcomes since the passage of the ACA. States are responsible for many of the factors that affect population health, and a bipartisan effort that builds upon state and federal collaboration will likely be needed to implement the necessary health policy initiative. Population health issues affect productivity in the United States; conversely, improvements in population health may increase productivity, helping to offset the rising federal debt. Employers are in a position to improve population health and consequently help reduce the federal debt by addressing lifestyle, chronic disease, poverty, and inequality. National pharmacy organizations, regulatory bodies, and journal editors need to collectively agree to a threshold of quality and rigor for publication and endorsement. Conclusion Knowledge of the policy and financial drivers of population health may both support pharmacists’ efforts to improve population outcomes and identify opportunities for professional advancement.
Design and Performance Evaluation of an Optimal Discrete-Time Feedforward Controller for Servo-Hydraulic Compensation

AbstractServo-hydraulic actuators exhibit frequency-dependent variations of amplitude and delay during real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS). Effective compensation techniques to overcome these variat...
FOCAL TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY: DOES THE HEART HAVE A MEMORY?

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) occurs following an emotional or physical stress and is characterized by transient regional wall motion (RWM) abnormality. Patient 1 is a 65-year-old man presented with acute chest pain following an intense argument. Troponin was mildly elevated. ECG showed
The Theory of Accumulation and its Relationship to the Choice of Monitoring Matrices for Dioxins

There now exists a sufficient body of theoretical knowledge to translate an environmental input into a matrix concentration. The chemical dynamics of an environmental contaminant will depend on first, the physico-chemical properties of the chemical and secondly, the properties of the different ecosystem compartments. In the case of dioxins in aquatic systems, the combination of a few fundamental measurements such as molecular weight, vapor pressure, solubility, quantum yield, and octanol-water partition coefficient can be used to predict a chemical’s fate and persistence patterns in water, sediments, and biota. While their low water solubility combined with their high octanol-water partition coefficient indicate a high affinity for sediments and biota, theory predicts that the pattern should be homologue specific and a wide range of accumulation patterns should be observed. Even though one would predict that sediments would have a much higher concentration than the biota at equilibrium, the theory of sediment sorption versus that for bioaccumulation suggests that the equilibrium would be reached only after a long period of time. Consequently, in the short-term, biota could be a more appropriate monitoring matrix. Additionally, the bioaccumulation potential of various types of organisms can be modelled on the basis of their metabolic requirements. Thus, because fish depend on water to satisfy their respiratory requirements, they appear more likely to be useful indicators of aquatic contamination than organisms higher on the food chain.
Positional specificity of different transcription factor classes within enhancers

Gene expression is controlled by sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs), which bind to regulatory sequences in DNA. TF binding occurs in nucleosome-depleted regions of DNA (NDRs), which generally encompass regions with lengths similar to those protected by nucleosomes. However, less is known about where within these regions specific TFs tend to be found. Here, we characterize the positional bias of inferred binding sites for 103 TFs within ∼500,000 NDRs across 47 cell types. We find that distinct classes of TFs display different binding preferences: Some tend to have binding sites toward the edges, some toward the center, and some at other positions within the NDR. These patterns are highly consistent across cell types, suggesting that they may reflect TF-specific intrinsic structural or functional characteristics. In particular, TF classes with binding sites at NDR edges are enriched for those known to interact with histones and chromatin remodelers, whereas TFs with central enrichment interact with other TFs and cofactors such as p300. Our results suggest distinct regiospecific binding patterns and functions of TF classes within enhancers.
Combining Active Learning Techniques and Service Learning in a Section of Physics I with Calculus Course

Active learning techniques are generally considered to be any classroom activities in which students become an active participant in learning, instead of a passive listener to a lecture. Service learning activities are generally experiential (real life) and reflective problem-based learning activities in which students enrolled in an academic course provide a needed service to a community partner. In the fall semester of 2016, one section of a calculus-based Physics I course included both active learning and service learning components. One of the several active learning activities used in this course was that demonstrations, traditionally performed by the instructor, were performed by the students for an audience of seventh- and eighth-graders. Prior to the presentations, the groups of students met with the instructor to learn and practice the demonstrations. After perfecting their presentations, the students invited seventh- and eighth-graders from an inner city school to a “Day of Science,” where they presented the demonstrations for part of the day. This paper reports on the active learning and service learning activities involved in the “Day of Science” and analyzes the results.
Quantum gravity: The quantum of area?

What is the smallest unit of area? To find out, theorists have been wrestling with the notion of quantum black holes. Two independent analyses now seem to lead to the same answer.
Curvature-controlled Fabrication of Polymer Nanolens Array

We demonstrate curvature-controlled fabrication of arrayed nanolenses via UV-assisted modification of photopolymer's material characteristics and elastomer-based nanoimprinting. By varying the UV-dose. the f/# of the 500 nm-diameter nanolens was varied from 1.2 to 10.0. © 2019 The Author(s)
Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor on Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia in Rats.

BACKGROUND Increased pain sensitivity is observed following alcohol withdrawal, and attempts to alleviate this hyperalgesia can contribute to the cycle of addiction. The aim of this study was to determine if alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia was observed in a chronic ethanol exposure model and if this pain was affected by histone deacetylase inhibitors, thus revealing an epigenetic mechanism. METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received Lieber-DeCarli liquid control or ethanol (9% v/v) diet for 15 days. Mechanical sensitivity was measured with von Frey hair stimulation of the hindpaw during ethanol administration and 24- and 72-hour withdrawal. RESULTS Ethanol withdrawal produced severe and sustained mechanical hyperalgesia, an effect not observed in the control or ethanol-maintained groups. Furthermore, this hyperalgesia was attenuated by the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid treatment. CONCLUSIONS Heightened pain sensitivity was observed following withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure, and histone deacetylase inhibitors could be novel treatments for this alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.
Role Play Assessments of Sexual Assertiveness Skills: Relationships with HIV/AIDS Sexual Risk Behavior Practices

Conceptual formulations of HIV risk reduction and many HIV prevention interventions reported in the literature emphasize the role of sexual assertiveness, negotiation, and communication skills as key elements for enacting behavior change. However, there have been few attempts to determine if objective ratings of individuals' sexual communication skill effectiveness are actually associated with their levels of HIV sexual risk behavior. In the current study, 114 severely mentally ill men and women role-played scenes in which confederates simulated attempts to coerce unprotected sex. Participants' role-played responses were transcribed verbatim and later rated for quality in several areas of assertiveness skill effectiveness. In addition, participants provided detailed information concerning their sexual behavior practices in the past 30 days. Participants were categorized into highly, intermediately, or poorly skilled groups based on effectiveness in role play performance, and the groups were then compared on indices of HIV risk behavior. Individuals with high objectively rated sexual assertiveness skill had the lowest number of unprotected sex acts, the smallest number of different sexual partners, the smallest number of casual sex partners, and the highest levels of condom-protected sex in the past 30 days. Individuals with poor sexual assertiveness role-play skills had the highest levels of sexual risk behavior. These associations were especially pronounced among women. Findings of this research provide support for teaching individuals to develop and refine their sexual assertiveness and communication skills in HIV prevention programs. Future research issues in this area are highlighted.
The Mommification of Writing Instruction: A Tale of Two Students

The questions explored in this paper grow out of a long career in the teaching of composition, and out of relahonships with literally thousands of students. Centering on two allows an especially complex dimension of such relationships to be treated with some necessary personal depth. The issue of teacher as mother is with most of us, students and teachers alike, from the first moment we set foot in a classroom. Indeed, the issue of mother as teacherand, by extension, woman as nearly everyone's first teacheris one that has abided with us for as long as humans have abided as a race. The personal way in which this picture of woman as primal teacher speaks to so many of us in composition may not abide for as long, but is in no danger just now for good or ill -of fading. When I began teaching composition 10 years ago, I don't think I even considered the question of whether I would be some kind of mother figure to my students. Looking back now, though, whether I consciously thought about it or not, I most certainly counted on it in order to do the kind of work I wanted to do with students. That included a good deal of "personal" writing-often separate from their "academic" writing, and other times, in tandem with it. This meant not only a lot of autobiographical papers, but the keeping of daybooks (Donald Murray's more expansive and liberatory version of the journal) in which students, not infrequently, shared some pretty intimate confidences with me. It did not occur to me at the timeat least, not as a fully conscious question I could ask myselfthat perhaps, their willingness to do so meant that I represented some form of the maternal to them. I still can't know with absolute certainty if this was so, given the multiplicity of meanings and resonances the very word maternal has for most people, but my recent explorations into this long, multi-faceted metaphor of my teaching experience confirm it. Indeed, I am now convinced that the female teacher often finds herself located in some subset where the teacher's universe intersects with the Ann Tabachnikov has been teaching college composition for over ten years, most of those years spent at The City College of New York, where she received both her BA and MA in English and Creative Writing, respectively. She has also taught at several other City University of New York campuses, and at the Fashion Institute of Technology. As a doctoral student specializing in Composition and Rhetoric at the CUNY Graduate Center, she is working on a dissertation on issues of identity in collaborative learning groups in the composition class. ©journal o(Basic Writing, Vol. 20, No. l, 2001
Roll-your-own cigarette smoking among youth experiencing homelessness

Abstract Introduction Roll-your-own (RYO) cigarette smoking is uncommon among young smokers in the U.S. but may be more widespread among those experiencing homelessness as it is a less expensive source of cigarettes. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of RYO use among young cigarette smokers experiencing homelessness. Methods The analytic sample consisted of 433 unaccompanied homeless youth who reported past month use of factory-manufactured cigarettes. Participants were sampled from 25 street and service sites in Los Angeles County, and completed a survey on their tobacco-related behaviors and cognitions. Results RYO use was reported by 43% of cigarette smokers. Among those who filled RYOs with tobacco, 87% rolled them with used tobacco (typically mixed with new tobacco). Most RYO smokers reported engaging in high-risk smoking practices, such as smoking discarded cigarettes. Although RYO smokers were more likely than other smokers to perceive RYOs as less risky in general, these groups did not differ in the perceived relative harm, expense, and ease of access of RYOs compared to regular cigarettes. Multivariable analyses indicated that RYO use was associated with older age, less perceived riskiness of RYOs, greater exposure to RYO smokers, and stronger future intentions to smoke. Conclusion RYOs may encourage continued tobacco use among youth experiencing homelessness and pose additional health risks despite users’ beliefs to the contrary. Future research is needed to obtain more detailed information on RYO practices and motivations for use, as well as how to address RYOs in efforts to reduce tobacco use in this population.
An Examination of Dysfunctional Attitudes and Extreme Response Styles as Predictors of Relapse in Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression

Objectives Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is an effective treatment option for depression, but its long-term effects are not well understood. We investigate for whom iCBT may have more enduring effects by evaluating dysfunctional attitudes as predictors of relapse. Methods The sample consists of 31 iCBT responders (20 women, average age 31.6) who were followed for 1 year. Results Higher Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale scores predicted higher risk of relapse (hazard ratio = 1.98). This relation remained significant when controlling for high style (dysfunctional) or content (functional) responses. Having relatively more positive extreme responses on style rather than content items did not predict risk of relapse. Conclusions Our results were consistent with the value of differentiating an extreme style of responding from otherwise endorsing belief in dysfunctional attitudes. Research that refines our understanding of patients' individual risk for relapse has the potential to inform how treatment might be individually tailored.