cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific

The cymochoid isopods (Isopoda: Flabellifera: Cymothoidae) of the eastern Pacific are presented, with descriptions, figures, ranges and comments on their host relationships. Fourteen species are treated, two of which are described as new species of Lironeca. AnUocra laevis Miers, 1877 is synonymized with A. laticauda M. Milne-Edwards, 1840. Nerocila califomica Schioedte !c Meinert, 1881 and Heriwpodus barlschi Boone, 1918, are synonymized with N. acuta Schioedte & Meinert, 1881, and two morphological forms designated. Neotypes are designated for Lironeca convexa Richardson, 1905. Expanded generic diagnoses are provided for eastern Pacific taxa. An introductory section presents a review of the world literature on die family Cymodioidae, including discussions of morphology, taxonomy, natural history, evolution, and zoogeography. Confusion regarding die genus Ichthyoxenos is discussed, and several species removed to Lironeca. A phylogeny for the family is proposed.
Modeling, Architecture, and Applications for Emerging Memory Technologies

Spin-transfer torque RAM and phase-change RAM are vying to become the next-generation embedded memory, offering high speed, high density, and nonvolatility. This article discusses new opportunities and challenges presented by these two memory technologies with a particular emphasis on modeling and architecture design.
Natural neighbour Galerkin methods

SUMMARY Natural neighbour co-ordinates (Sibson co-ordinates) is a well-known interpolation scheme for multivariate data tting and smoothing. The numerical implementation of natural neighbour co-ordinates in a Galerkin method is known as the natural element method (NEM). In the natural element method, natural neighbour co-ordinates are used to construct the trial and test functions. Recent studies on NEM have shown that natural neighbour co-ordinates, which are based on the Voronoi tessellation of a set of nodes, are an appealing choice to construct meshless interpolants for the solution of partial dierential equations. In Belikov et al. (Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics 1997; 37(1):9{15), a new interpolation scheme (non-Sibsonian interpolation) based on natural neighbours was proposed. In the present paper, the nonSibsonian interpolation scheme is reviewed and its performance in a Galerkin method for the solution of elliptic partial dierential equations that arise in linear elasticity is studied. A methodology to couple nite elements to NEM is also described. Two signicant advantages of the non-Sibson interpolant over the Sibson interpolant are revealed and numerically veried: the computational eciency of the non-Sibson algorithm in 2-dimensions, which is expected to carry over to 3-dimensions, and the ability to exactly impose essential boundary conditions on the boundaries of convex and non-convex domains. Copyright ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outage performance of a hybrid DS/FH spread-spectrum signal in an ISM band

This paper develops an analytical model for characterizing the coexistence interference in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands, based on radio frequency measurement results in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The modeling approach presented here offers a simple methodology for profiling the interference from devices occupying a common spectrum. Outage performance using the interference model is exemplified through the analysis for a hybrid direct-sequence frequency-hopping spread-spectrum signal. The work presented in this paper looks to provide insight by means of quantitative evaluation of signal outage in a coexistence environment that can be used for engineering design of applications for unlicensed bands as well as function as a tool in the development process for future spectrum management policy models.
Causes of spherical aberration induced by laser refractive surgery

Purpose To develop a corneal model to better explain how refractive surgery procedures induce spherical aberration. Setting Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA. Methods The preoperative cornea was modeled as a rotationally symmetric surface with various radii of curvature and asphericities. The postoperative cornea was defined as the difference between the preoperative cornea and an ablation thickness profile computed based on the Munnerlyn equation. A ray-tracing program and Zernike polynomial fitting were used to calculate the induced amount of spherical aberration assuming a fixed ablation depth per pulse or a variable ablation depth depending on the incidence angle of each pulse on the cornea. A biological eye model of the corneal surface change after laser refractive surgery was also developed to explain the induced spherical aberrations after myopic and hyperopic treatments. Results The clinical data showed that positive spherical aberration was induced after myopic correction and negative spherical aberration increased after hyperopic correction. In contrast, assuming a fixed ablation depth per pulse, the theoretical prediction was that negative spherical aberration with myopic treatment and positive spherical aberration with hyperopic treatment would increase. However, when assuming a variable ablation depth per pulse caused by non-normal incidence of laser spot on the cornea, the theoretically predicted induction of spherical aberration tends to fit better with the myopic and hyperopic clinical data. The effect of a variable ablation depth accounted for approximately half the clinically observed amount of spherical aberration. The biological model of the corneal surface change used to explain this remaining discrepancy showed the magnitude of the biological response in myopic correction is 3 times smaller than in hyperopic correction and that the direction of the biological response in hyperopic treatment is opposite that in myopic treatment. Conclusions This nontoric eye model, which separates the effects of differences in ablation efficiency and biological corneal surface change quantitatively, explains how spherical aberration is induced after myopic and hyperopic laser refractive surgery. With the corneal topographic data, this model can be incorporated into the ablation algorithm to decrease induced spherical aberrations, improving the outcomes of conventional and customized treatments.
Engaging families through motivational interviewing

Helping parents change key behaviors may reduce the risk of child maltreatment. However, traditional provider-centered approaches to working with the parents of pediatric patients may increase resistance to behavioral change. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered communication technique that helps address problems of provider-centered approaches. In this article, evidence for use of MI to address several risk factors for child maltreatment is reviewed, including parental substance abuse, partner violence, depression treatment, harsh punishment, and parental management of children's health. Fundamental components of MI that may be incorporated into clinical practice are presented.
Resource management with stateful support for analytic applications

Analytic applications from various industrial sectors have specific attributes and requirements including relatively long processing time, parallelization, multiple interactive invocations, web services, and expected quality of service objectives. Current parallel resource management systems for batch-oriented jobs lack the effective support for multiple interactive invocations with consideration in quality of service objectives, while transaction processing systems do not support dynamic creation of parallel application instances. To better serve the analytic applications, a set of additional resource management services, defined as stateful support, introduces the concept of Service Instance and Service Instance Management. This set of stateful support services can be implemented as extension to existing parallel resource management to serve these analytic applications that rapidly increase in the demand of computing power.
Pulmonary-specific expression of SP-D corrects pulmonary lipid accumulation in SP-D gene-targeted mice

Targeted disruption of the surfactant protein (SP) D (SP-D) gene caused a marked pulmonary lipoidosis characterized by increased alveolar lung phospholipids, demonstrating a previously unexpected r...
ACh-induced calcium transients in primary cultures of rabbit aortic endothelial cells

Acetylcholine (ACh) causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation by releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from endothelial cells (EC). Although a pivotal role for cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) has been implicated in the generation and/or release of EDRF by various agonists, there is no conclusive evidence showing that ACh increases [Ca2+]i in EC. In the present study, using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator fura-2, we show for the first time that ACh (10(-5) M) increases [Ca2+]i six- to sevenfold above prestimulus levels in primary cultures of rabbit aortic EC (RbAEC). ACh effects are dose dependent [effective concentration producing 50% of the maximum response (EC50) approximately 9 X 10(-7) M] and are blocked by atropine, a selective muscarinic receptor antagonist. The [Ca2+]i increase is due both to the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and to the influx of extracellular Ca2+. A 5-min incubation of RbAEC with 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10(-7) M) inhibits ACh-induced [Ca2+]i transients, suggesting that the signaling pathway involved in ACh receptor signal transduction may be modulated via protein kinase C. These cultured EC provide a unique in vitro model system for studying mechanisms involved in ACh-induced EDRF release.
A Device for Stress Inversion or Eversion Roentgenograms of the Ankle

1. A practical and effective device is described for the maintaining of stress on the ankle in inversion or eversion while roentgenograms are made. The apparatus can be constructed at minimum cost and is simple to apply. At the same time, it is small and compact, making it easy to store and transport with a portable x-ray machine. 2. By the providing of rigid fixation the device eliminates movement and thus makes it possible to obtain better roentgenograms. Also, the device enables reduction of the x-ray exposure to the surgeon or technician who would otherwise have to hold the ankle. 3. The device has been used on a large number of army personnel with both normal ankles and ankles in which there were acute injuries of the ligaments and ankles with chronic instability. Accurate diagnosis of injuries of the collateral ligaments of the ankle has been made possible by use of this device. 4. No evidence has been found that stress testing increases the extent of acute ligamentous injuries. Attempts to increase the tears found at the time of operation on the ankles with acute injuries to the lateral collateral ligaments were uniformly unsuccessful, even though forceful inversion of the foot was carried out. 5. The findings in stress roentgenograms must be interpreted in the light of the clinical findings.
The weakening link between marriage and the care of children.

Over the last 20 years the proportion of births that occur to unmarried women has increased dramatically. Children are now much more likely to experience the breakup of their parents marriage and a much greater proportion of children live at least part of their childhood with only 1 parent. These changes have occurred predominantly among nonwhites and low-income women and children but have occurred among whites and higher income women as well. Since these changes have done well-documented damage to childrens socioeconomic conditions and prospects an important issue is whether their well-being can be improved by strengthening the link between marriage and child care. For a number of reasons however the role of public policy is limited. Nevertheless stronger public support is possible for people who wish to marry or stay married but who lack the resources to do so. In a nation like Japan child care is left almost entirely to the family while in Sweden the state assumes much of the responsibility. The US occupies a sort of middle ground. It is likely that US social policy will continue to rely on both the family and the state to care for dependent children a strategy that implies a continuing tension between public acceptance of changes in family life and public sentiment for a return to older ways. (authors modified)
A MED13-dependent skeletal muscle gene program controls systemic glucose homeostasis and hepatic metabolism

The Mediator complex governs gene expression by linking upstream signaling pathways with the basal transcriptional machinery. However, how individual Mediator subunits may function in different tissues remains to be investigated. Through skeletal muscle-specific deletion of the Mediator subunit MED13 in mice, we discovered a gene regulatory mechanism by which skeletal muscle modulates the response of the liver to a high-fat diet. Skeletal muscle-specific deletion of MED13 in mice conferred resistance to hepatic steatosis by activating a metabolic gene program that enhances muscle glucose uptake and storage as glycogen. The consequent insulin-sensitizing effect within skeletal muscle lowered systemic glucose and insulin levels independently of weight gain and adiposity and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation. MED13 suppressed the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and metabolism in skeletal muscle by inhibiting the nuclear receptor NURR1 and the MEF2 transcription factor. These findings reveal a fundamental molecular mechanism for the governance of glucose metabolism and the control of hepatic lipid accumulation by skeletal muscle. Intriguingly, MED13 exerts opposing metabolic actions in skeletal muscle and the heart, highlighting the customized, tissue-specific functions of the Mediator complex.
Application of the Amplification Factor Transport Transition Model to the Shear Stress Transport Model

A method is described for applying the linear-stability-based amplification factor transport (AFT) transition model to the popular, two-equation shear stress transport (SST) eddy-viscosity model, yielding the SST-AFT framework. The turbulent kinetic-energyequation is modified by introducing a new source term that improves its ability to maintain laminar flow without affecting its near-wall behavior in fully turbulent regions. This source term includes a turbulence suppression function that maintains laminar flow until the critical amplification factor is reached. Test cases using the SST-AFT model are presented for a zeropressure-gradient flat plate and several airfoils, including a multi-element one. Predictions with SST-AFT compare favorably with experiment, confirming the potential capabilities of the new transition/turbulence framework.
Use of a cap in single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

Background and study aim: Cannulation of the native papilla in surgically altered anatomy is difficult in endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). There are limited data regarding the success of single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERC (SBE-ERC) in patients with a native papilla and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Use of a plastic cap may assist cannulation in these cases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the use of SBE-ERC with a cap (Cap-SBE-ERC) in patients with surgically altered anatomy referred for ERC. Patients and methods: Patients with surgically altered anatomy (hepaticojejunostomy, gastric bypass surgery, and Whipple’s surgery) who underwent Cap-SBE-ERC were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Outcomes were diagnostic and procedural success. Patients with a native papilla were compared with those with a biliary-enteric anastomosis. Results: Among 56 patients with surgically altered anatomy, high rates of diagnostic and procedural success were observed (78.6 % and 71.4 %, respectively). High diagnostic and procedural success rates of 72.7 % and 65.9 %, respectively, were also observed for patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy with a native papilla (n = 44). Conclusion: High rates of diagnostic and procedural success were reported for SBE-ERC with the use of a cap, including a large subgroup of patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and a native papilla.
Comparison of separation conditions for pressurized and unpressurized simultaneous chromatography and electrophoresis employing nearest neighbor distance descriptors and relative spot capacities

Thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis, with their long histories of simple and effective characterization of chemical mixtures, have motivated an effort to combine these techniques. Simultaneous chromatography and electrophoresis (SCE) utilizes an electric field orthogonal to capillary action or pressure flow to achieve a single-step two-dimensional separation. In this work, plate conditioning and pressurized simultaneous chromatography and electrophoresis (pSCE) are introduced. These improvements reduce separation times and concurrently increase or maintain separation quality as described by visual comparisons, nearest neighbor distance descriptors, and relative spot capacities.
Studies on LactobacilliI. Fermentation Reactions of Strains Isolated from Human Mouths

Since the demonstration by Kligler and Gies in 19151 and Howe and Hatch in 19172 of the presence of lactobacilli in the lesions of dental caries many investigators have obtained experimental evidence of the occurrence of these organisms in the disease. McIntosh and associates,3 Rodriguez,4 Bunting and associates5 and others have attributed to them a specific etiologic role in caries. That there has not been satisfactory proof of such relationship, however, is illustrated by the claims of Clarke,' Tunnicliff and Hammond,' Pincus8 and others who have incriminated other organisms and by the observations of most workers that the lactobacilli are present also in the mouths of many caries-free individuals, although usually in smaller numbers. Nevertheless, whether lactobacilli are etiologically responsible for all or part of the carious process or whether they are merely secondary invaders, there appears to be little doubt that they are associated with the disease. Lactobacilli obtained from the mouth have been shown to be morphologically and biochemically heterogeneous.3'9,10 It is not unlikely that many of these strains are transiently or adventitiously present while others may be more or less permanently established. It seems reasonable to suppose that if the activities of any micro-organisms are concerned in the development of the carious process, these forms must be resident on the teeth for comparatively long periods of time. Consequently, in order to establish a basis for possible differentiation of exogenous strains from those presumably indigenous in the carious lesion, a series of studies on the characteristics of the oral lactobacilli has been undertaken. The present report is concerned with some of the fermentation reactions of these organisms.
A Self-Injection Locked Unidirectional Diode Pumped Solid State Ring Laser Cavity

We present a novel single-mode unidirectional ring laser. By injecting a small amount of power from one beam path from the output coupler back into the other, unidirectional operation is forced, eliminating many intracavity elements.
084 Inadequate dry-preservation causing killed but metabolically active Lactobacillus

There is a practical need worldwide to formulate dry probiotic bacteria that can be stored and delivered at ambient temperatures. We have approached this need by using Preservation by Vaporization (PBV, US Patent Application 20080229609 A1) technology that improves upon the drawbacks of Preservation by Foam Formulation (PFF or VitriLife) technology which we had previously introduced for desiccation of fragile biologicals, including probiotics. With this technology we have demonstrated that Lactobacilli (LGG, L. reuteri, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. crispatus, L. jensenii and others) can be stabilized at room temperature (RT) and 37 °C for at least a year with Source of funding: Research is supported by NIH/NIAID grants #1R21AI094508-01, 4 R33 AI094508-03. Conflict of interest: None declared. erinm@uptsd.com
101 ANDROGEN MODULATION OF CELL LINEAGE COMMITMENT BY MUSCLE-DERIVED STEM CELLS.

Resident stem cells in the adult skeletal muscle are assumed to participate in normal tissue growth and in repair after injury by differentiating into committed myogenic precursors, presumably satellite cells. We have shown that androgens stimulate in vitro the myogenic differentiation of a mouse mesenchymal multipotent cell line (C3H-10T(1/2)) and inhibit its adipogenic differentiation and postulated that they would similarly affect the in vitro lineage commitment of mouse muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). To test this hypothesis, we isolated by the preplating procedure from the mouse hind limb muscles a MDSC cell population (pP6). This cell fraction comprised about 1% of the total muscle mononucleated cells and expressed the stem cell markers CD34 and Sca1+, but it was CD45-, as shown by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. The Sca1+ cells were further enriched by magnetic beads selection. Both populations of pP6 cells expressed androgen receptors and a low level of the early and intermediate myogenic markers, MyoD and myogenin, but not the late marker, myosin heavy chain II (MHC-II), as detected by Western blot. MyoD was more expressed in the other cell fractions, pP2 (mainly fibroblasts) and pP3-pP5 (rich in satellite cells). pP6 cells in adipogenic medium for 1 week differentiated into adipocytes, and in osteogenic medium for 2 and 4 weeks formed myofibroblasts and osteoblasts, as detected with Oil Red O, α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), and alkaline phosphatase staining, respectively, and by Western blot for CBPα, ASMA, and alkaline phosphatase. In myogenic medium for 2 weeks, pP6 failed to form myotubes, intensify the MyoD and myogenin signals, or express MHC-II. However, when incubated with murine C2C12 myotubes on the top compartment of dual culture chambers the cells underwent intense myogenesis and led to a clear MHC-II signal. As predicted, testosterone (100 nM) and DHT (30 nM) increased myotube formation in dual cultures and reduced adipocyte number and stimulated osteogenesis in monocultures but did not affect fibrogenesis (myofibroblasts). Casodex and flutamide abolished these effects. In conclusion, we found that androgens do stimulate paracrinely induced myogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis in MDSC cultures, thus suggesting that a similar process may occur in vivo in the myofibers.
Apolipoprotein E as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Basic Research and Clinical Evidence.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive cognitive decline. The majority of AD cases are sporadic and late-onset (>65 years old) making it the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. While both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of late-onset AD (LOAD), APOE polymorphism is a major genetic risk determinant for LOAD. In humans, the APOE gene has three major allelic variants: e2, e3, and e4, of which APOE e4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for LOAD, whereas APOE e2 is protective. Mounting evidence suggests that APOE e4 contributes to AD pathogenesis through multiple pathways including facilitated amyloid-β deposition, increased tangle formation, synaptic dysfunction, exacerbated neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular defects. Since APOE modulates multiple biological processes through its corresponding protein apolipoprotein E (apoE), APOE gene and apoE properties have been a promising target for therapy and drug development against AD. In this review, we summarize the current evidence regarding how the APOE e4 allele contributes to the pathogenesis of AD and how relevant therapeutic approaches can be developed to target apoE-mediated pathways in AD.
Abstract LB-256: Clonogenic growth of androgen receptor-overexpressing models of castration recurrent prostate cancer cells becomes insensitive to receptor ligands when their complete cellular secretory milieu is restored

Evidence that androgen receptor (AR) overexpression causes castration recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) cells to thrive on minimal residual post-castrate androgen is derived from studies of in vitro colony formation in the absence of cell-secreted factors or from studies demonstrating synergy between androgen and individual signaling pathways in isolation. We examined androgen-dependence using in vivo generated CRPC model cells overexpressing full length AR (C4-2 cells) or co-expressing a splice-variant (22Rv1 cells). The cells showed robust colony formation in conditioned media lacking androgenic activity derived from the same cells or from HEK293 fibroblasts. This effect was (i) not enhanced by androgen (ii) insensitive to blocking ligand-dependent transcriptional activity of AR, (iii) insensitive to mifepristone (iv) AR-dependent, (v) associated with AR phosphorylation and (vi) similar to androgen-stimulation in sensitivity to signaling pathway inhibitors. This ligand-insensitive response of overexpressed AR to the total cellular secretory complement may limit interventions targeting hormonal factors in CRPC. Citation Format: Mugdha Patki, Yanfang Huang, Manohar Ratnam. Clonogenic growth of androgen receptor-overexpressing models of castration recurrent prostate cancer cells becomes insensitive to receptor ligands when their complete cellular secretory milieu is restored. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-256.
Functionalized Microfluidic Devices for Separation of Cell Phenotypes

In both the clinical and the general biomedical laboratory environment, the enrichment of a desired cell type is typically an important step in numerous diagnostic assays and biochemical applications. In both contexts, the ability of microfluidic systems to handle small sample volumes and achieve highly selective separation presents an attractive alternative to traditional techniques such as preplating, cell straining, and sorting with fluorescent or magnetic tags. By harnessing the specific receptor–ligand interaction of individual cell populations in a heterogeneous cell suspension, one can specifically target one or more cell types. This chapter describes the ability of chemically functionalized microfluidic platforms to isolate and enrich a target cell population via a practical adhesion-based methodology.
Preanesthetic Assessment of the Patient with Peripheral Vascular Disease

Summary The preanesthetic assessment of the patient with peripheral vascular disease entails a careful examination of the organ systems most affected. Judicious determination of the degree of end-organ reserve can help elucidate the degree of risk, the extent of invasive monitoring required, and indeed, whether the planned procedure is actually warranted. Optimal patient outcome requires close communication between anesthesiologist, surgeon, and any consultants who may be necessary for a complete understanding of the patient's overall medical state.
Isolation and Chemical Transformations Involving a Reactive Intermediate of MOF-5

We report the isolation of a nonporous plate-like intermediate species (MOF-i) obtained during the synthesis of MOF-5 and the testing of this intermediate’s reactivity toward three metal ions (ZnII, CuII, and MnII) in N,N-dimethylformamide at 120 °C. We obtained interpenetrated MOF-5 crystals from the reaction between MOF-i and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, accompanied by a change in morphology from a plate to a cube. Reaction with CuCl2·2H2O did not disrupt the plate-like morphology of MOF-i, but it did result in the replacement of ZnII by CuII and formation of a novel porous copper MOF. MOF-i showed no reactivity toward MnCl2. Our results demonstrate that MOF-i imparts a selective reactivity that is different from the individual metal ions employed in conventional synthesis of MOFs and suggests that reactive intermediates may be useful in extending the diversity of metal–organic frameworks.
Aspects of direct modulation of VCSELs

We compare the small signal response of 850nm oxide-confined and photonic crystal VCSEL, and show that a high bias current to threshold current ratio does not predict high bandwidth in photonic crystal VCSELs. Issues associated with increasing the VCSEL output for increased bandwidth-distance product are discussed.
Sustaining production: material and institutional considerations

The concept of 'sustaining production' is based on an integrated understanding of sustainability that recognises the limits to the regenerative capacity of natural and social systems within which all economic activity takes place. Sustaining production thus is defined as a quantity and quality of production that does not result in perturbations of natural and social systems that impede their assimilative and regenerative capacities to a critical degree. This definition places production not only within the temporal and spatial context of biological and ecological processes and functions but also within the socio–cultural context of social processes and functions. The knowledge demand of sustaining production is dramatically different from the standard concept of production put forth in mainline production theory. Sustaining production requires knowledge particularly of the linkages between production processes and the social, biological, chemical and physical parameters and functions that characterise their context. This contextual knowledge cannot rely on the contributions of experts alone, but needs to include the experience of those who provide essential social and environmental sustaining services, and of those most severely effected by their loss. In addition, the need to explicitly consider path–dependent definitions of sustaining production scenarios points to the limits of markets as allocation mechanisms. The need for participatory discourse in the public sphere between markets and macroeconomic institutions is offered as an institutional alternative. An example of narrative methodological expansions to standard economic assessment methods is presented to illustrate possibilities for a broad based participatory assessment process based on discourse.
My Digital Hand: A Tool for Scaling Up One-to-One Peer Teaching in Support of Computer Science Learning

Increased enrollments in computer science programs presents a new challenge of quickly accommodating higher enrollment in computer science introductory courses. Because peer teaching scales with enrollment size, it is a promising solution for supporting computer science students in this setting. However, pedagogical and logistical challenges can arise when implementing a large peer teaching program. To study these challenges, we developed a transparent online tool, My Digital Hand, for tracking one-to-one peer teaching interactions. We deployed the tool across three universities in large CS2 computer science courses. The data gathered confirms the pedagogical and logistical challenges that exist at scale and gives insight into ways we might address them. Using this information, we developed the second iteration of My Digital Hand to better support peer teaching. This paper presents the modified tool for use by the computer science education community.
Abstract 258: Hypoxic and Normoxic Niches Regulate Cardiac Stem Cell Function

In bone marrow niches, hypoxia favors stem cell quiescence and normoxia is required for stem cell proliferation and commitment. The objectives of this work were to determine whether a) differences in O2 content regulate the function of cardiac stem cells (CSCs); and b) defects in tissue oxygenation with aging affects niche homeostasis. At 3 and 30 months of age, hypoxic and normoxic CSCs were found in the myocardium, but the senescent mouse heart was characterized by a 1.5-fold increase in hypoxic CSCs. At both ages, hypoxic CSCs were quiescent and lineage negative while cycling and early committed cells were restricted to the normoxic pool. Importantly, telomeres were longer in hypoxic than normoxic CSCs and this difference was more apparent in old mice. Telomere length did not change with age in hypoxic CSCs but decreased 40% in normoxic CSCs. As a consequence, at 3 and 30 months, the fraction of normoxic CSCs expressing the senescence-associated marker p16INK4a was, respectively, 6-fold and 2.7-fold higher than that of hypoxic CSCs. Collectively, these findings indicate that the old heart contains a larger fraction of CSCs, which are forced in a quiescent state and do not participate in myocyte turnover. To define whether hypoxic CSCs can be activated, senescent mice were kept in an atmosphere of 70% O2 to increase O2 content in the hypoxic niches. Hyperoxia decreased significantly the fraction of hypoxic CSCs at 1 day and this response persisted at one week, possibly favoring myocyte formation. These in vivo results suggest that O2 levels in CSCs may be regulated by the capillary network and the degree of tissue oxygenation. The distance between CSCs and the closest capillary was significantly higher for hypoxic than for normoxic CSCs. The numerical density of capillaries per mm2 of myocardium computed within a radius of 30 μm from hypoxic CSCs decreased markedly with age. Thus, diffusion distance for O2 to CSCs appears to constitute a major determinant in the maintenance of the hypoxic state of CSCs. Collectively, our data demonstrate that a balance between hypoxic and normoxic niches is present in the young heart but is disrupted later in life when capillary rarefaction expands the pool of hypoxic quiescent CSCs, which are no longer involved in myocyte replacement.
Chinese herbal medicine was effective in the irritable bowel syndrome

Source Citation Bensoussan A, Talley NJ, Hing M, et al. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Chinese herbal medicine: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998 Nov 11;280:1585-9.
Evolution of interfaces for the nonlinear double degenerate parabolic equation of turbulent filtration with absorption

Abstract We prove the short-time asymptotic formula for the interfaces and local solutions near the interfaces for the nonlinear double degenerate reaction–diffusion equation of turbulent filtration with strong absorption u t = ( | ( u m ) x | p − 1 ( u m ) x ) x − b u β , m p > 1 , β > 0 . Full classification is pursued in terms of the nonlinearity parameters m , p , β and asymptotics of the initial function near its support. Numerical analysis using a weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme with interface capturing is implemented, and comparison of numerical and analytical results is presented.
Spin resolved electronic transport through N@C 20 fullerene molecule between Au electrodes: A first principles study

Abstract Using first principles study, through Density Functional Theory combined with Non Equilibrium Green's Function Formalism, electronic properties of endohedral N@C 20 fullerene molecule joining Au electrodes (Au-N@C 20) was addressed in the presence of spin property. The electronic transport behavior across the Au-N@C20 molecular junction was investigated by spin resolved transmission, density of states, molecular orbitals , differential conductance and current-voltage ( I-V) characteristics. Spin asymmetric variation was clearly observed in the results due to single N atom encapsulated in the C20 fullerene cage, where the N atom played an essential role in the electronic behavior of Au-N@C20. This N@C20 based molecular bridge, exhibiting a spin dependent I-V variation, revealed a metallic behavior within the bias range from −1 V to 1 V. The induced magnetic moment , spin polarization and other relevant quantities associated with the spin resolved transport were elucidated.
Classification as Narrative: A Renewed Perspective on a Longstanding Topic in Ethnobiology

Abstract. The present work offers a renewed perspective on natural-kind classification in the field of ethnobiology, one that focuses on analyzing higher-order classifications as a form of narrative. By examining changes in classification of materia medica in three main medical/pharmacological texts from three time periods of the Tibetan medicine tradition, we see an overarching shift in classification from a focus on medical efficacy to one on material substance and morphology, thus suggesting influence from pre-twenty-first century western, Linnaean science. The work then links this historical narrative to the complexities of classification of materia medica among contemporary doctors of Tibetan medicine in the People's Republic of China, who utilize several classificatory schemata. The work encourages continued research in the area of diachronic classification, particularly in terms of what can be gleaned about cultural, political, and social changes in a tradition.
HyMn: Mining linear hybrid automata from input output traces of cyber-physical systems

Hybrid systems are versatile in modeling the interaction between the cyber and physical components of cyber-physical control systems (CPS) such as artificial pancreas (AP). They are typically used for analysis of safety of the human centric control systems which have serious consequences of failure. As such hybrid systems are parameterized and the variables often depend on the subject on which the control system is deployed. Traditionally, control systems are initially developed using average statistical estimates of the subject specific parameters. However, such excursions may lead to suboptimal designs. In this paper, we propose HyMn, a hybrid system parameter estimation tool, where the subject specific parameters in a hybrid system are automatically learned from experimental traces of the operation of a human centric CPS control system. We apply HyMn to the AP system and show that the blood glucose control is enhanced using the learned patient specific parameters.
Producing videotapes for cancer education: methods and examples.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe a systematic process to produce videotapes for cancer education and research. DATA SOURCES Published research and education articles, patient and health education models, the National Cancer Institute's health communication model, and personal experiences. DATA SYNTHESIS Videotapes provide a consistent form of teaching, are a familiar medium to most patients, and can communicate concepts in a realistic and visual manner. To enhance the acceptability, relevancy, and understanding of cancer messages, target-audience assessment and learner verification should be given special attention. Practical aspects of preproduction, production, and post-production phases, including budget considerations, script development, talent/narration, and location scouting, are important factors to address in producing videotapes. CONCLUSIONS Cancer education videotapes can be developed through the use of a systematic process and by addressing practical aspects of video production. Assessment and inclusion of target audience members throughout the development process help to ensure that content meets learners' needs. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses can produce effective educational videotapes by using a systematic framework to guide their efforts. Attention to practical aspects of production is necessary to create high-quality programs that are effective in terms of time, energy, and money.
Anticipated regret and escalation of commitment to failing, new product development projects in business markets

Abstract Escalation of commitment, defined as the continuation in a failing course of action, is a persistent problem for decision makers in business markets, especially those involved in new product development (NPD). To address this issue, we use Anticipated Regret Theory to develop a model and then empirically test it to demonstrate how forward-looking emotions can lead decision makers to continue failing NPD projects in business-to-business (B2B) markets. We recognize that there are two countervailing types of anticipated regret (i.e., keep regret and drop regret) and test both in our model by adopting a mixed-methods empirical approach. In a quantitative study, a total of 280 subjects completed a NPD decision-making exercise in which various antecedents of persistence with a losing new, business-to-business NPD project were examined. The results suggest that anticipated drop regret plays a significant role in commitment to a failing course of action, whereas anticipated keep regret actually reduces commitment. In a second, qualitative study, twenty experienced NPD professionals operating in high-technology, B2B markets were interviewed either in-person or by telephone. The results suggest that anticipated drop regret is a more serious problem than anticipated keep regret, supporting the quantitative study.
Initiation and engagement as mechanisms for change caused by collaborative care in opioid and alcohol use disorders.

Abstract Background To assess the mechanism by which a collaborative care (CC) intervention improves self-reported abstinence among primary care patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders (OAUD) compared to treatment as usual. Methods Secondary data analysis of SUMMIT, a randomized controlled trial of CC for OAUD. Participants were 258 patients with OAUD receiving primary care at a multi-site Federally Qualified Health Center. Using a mediation analysis decomposition of a total effect into a mediated and a direct effect, we examined the effect of CC on abstinence at six months, attributable to the HEDIS treatment initiation and engagement measures for the total sample, for individuals with alcohol use disorders alone, and for those with a co-morbid opioid use disorder. Results Although the CC intervention led to an increase in both initiation and engagement, among the full sample, only initiation mediated the effect of the intervention on abstinence (3.8%, CI=[0.4%, 8.3%]; 32% proportion of the total effect). In subgroup analyses, among individuals with comorbid alcohol and opioid use disorders, almost 100% of the total effect was mediated by engagement, but the effect was not significant. This was not observed among the alcohol use disorder only group. Conclusions Among primary care patients with OAUDs, treatment initiation partially mediated the effect of CC on abstinence at 6-months. The current study emphasizes the importance of primary care patients returning for a second substance-use related visit after identification. CC may work differently for people with co-morbid opioid use disorders vs. alcohol use disorders alone.
Identifying the Dominant Narrative: Non-ethnoracial Readings of Matthew 26–27

This chapter traces the dominant narrative surrounding the interpretation of the title ὁ βασιλeὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων in Matthew’s passion narrative. Two representative trajectories of the dominant narrative are identified: traditional religious-theological readings and more recent socio-political readings. Both approaches exhibit a peculiar pattern of bypassing and overlooking the title’s ethnoracial dimensions. To better understand the non-ethnoracial pattern of interpretation, a larger view of Matthean scholarship is required. When this curious pattern is considered within a broader perspective that includes the history of methods, a more compelling account of their interdependence begins to emerge. Paying close attention to the link between the two underscores how the underlying problem of the dominant narrative is methodological through and through.
Variability of bulk water vapor content in the marine cloudy boundary layers from microwave and near-infrared imagery

Abstract. This work uses the synergy of collocated microwave radiometry and near-infrared imagery to study the marine boundary layer water vapor. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) provides the total column water vapor, while the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) near-infrared imagery provides the water vapor above the cloud layers. The difference between the two gives the vapor between the surface and the cloud top, which may be interpreted as the boundary layer water vapor under certain conditions. As a by-product of this algorithm, we also store cloud top information of the MODIS pixels used, a proxy for the inversion height, as well as the sea surface temperature and total column water vapor from the AMSR measurements. Hence, the AMSR–MODIS dataset provides several of the variables associated with the boundary layer thermodynamic structure. Comparisons against radiosondes and GPS radio occultation (GPSRO) data demonstrate the robustness of these boundary layer water vapor estimates. We explore the annual cycle of the number of observations as a proxy for stratus cloud amount, in well-known stratus regions; we then exploit the 16 years of AMSR–MODIS synergy to study for the first time the annual variations of the boundary layer water vapor in comparison to the sea surface temperature and the boundary layer cloud top height (equivalent to the inversion height) climatologies, and lastly we explore the climatological behavior of these variables on stratocumulus-to-cumulus transitions.
Clinical measurements obtained from point-of-care ultrasound images to assess acquisition skills

Current methods of assessing competence in acquiring point-of-care ultrasound images are inadequate. They rely upon cumbersome rating systems that do not depend on the actual outcome measured and lack evidence of validity. We describe a new method that uses a rigorous statistical model to assess performance of individual trainees based on the actual task, image acquisition. Measurements obtained from the images acquired (the actual desired outcome) are themselves used to validate effective training and competence acquiring ultrasound images. We enrolled a convenience sample of 21 spontaneously breathing adults from a general medicine ward. In random order, two trainees (A and B) and an instructor contemporaneously acquired point-of-care ultrasound images of the inferior vena cava and the right internal jugular vein from the same patients. Blinded diameter measurements from each ultrasound were analyzed quantitatively using a multilevel model. Consistent mean differences between each trainee’s and the instructor’s images were ascribed to systematic acquisition errors, indicative of poor measurement technique and a need for further training. Wider variances were attributed to sporadic errors, indicative of inconsistent application of measurement technique across patients. In addition, the instructor recorded qualitative observations of each trainee’s performance during image acquisition. For all four diameters, the means and variances of measurements from trainee A’s images differed significantly from the instructor’s, whereas those from trainee B’s images were comparable. Techniques directly observed by the instructor supported these model-derived findings. For example, mean anteroposterior diameters of the internal jugular vein obtained from trainee A’s images were 3.8 mm (90% CI 2.3–5.4) smaller than from the instructor’s; this model-derived finding matched the instructor’s observation that trainee A compressed the vein during acquisition. Instructor summative assessments agreed with model-derived findings, providing internal validation of the descriptive and quantitative assessments of competence acquiring ultrasound images. Clinical measurements obtained from point-of-care ultrasound images acquired contemporaneously by trainees and an instructor can be used to quantitatively assess the image acquisition competence of specific trainees. This method may obviate resource-intensive qualitative rating systems that are based on ultrasound image quality and direct observation, while also helping instructors guide remediation.