cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Archives in the Library of Congress

WOULD be possible by restrictive definition of the words in the title of this paper to limit it pretty much to a discussion of the records of the Library administration but with passing reference to such obvious items as the Constitution of the United States. Such consideration as I have been able to give to the matter has led me, however, to shy away from the specific, the defined, and to treat of the general, the related. Archives in the Library of Congress are of four main types, and these four have a husky step-sister. Not everything, it will be seen, fits into these categories. Briefly, there are: first, the records of the Library administration ; second, certain records which have been deposited in the Library of Congress because of their relationship to the Legislative Branch, and/or because The National Archives did not exist at the time of the deposit; third, a certain quantity of material, probably archival in origin and character which has found deposit in the Library of Congress through gift or purchase from sources other than the agency of origin or succession; and fourth, numerous collections of business, church, association and other miscellaneous archives of a non-governmental character. The husky step-sister I mentioned is that great body of copies, in longhand, typescript, blue print, photostat, microfilm et cetera of the archives of many countries, states, and other units of government which relate primarily to American history. These materials, while not strictly archives, constitute something better than the breakfast food contest's "reasonable facsimile/'
Prasmodon zlotnicki, a new Neotropical species of the genus Prasmodon Nixon (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Costa Rica, with the first host records for the genus

Prasmodon zlotnicki, a new Costa Rican species of the genus Prasmodon Nixon, is described and illustrated. In addition, the first host records for the genus are included along with an updated key to differentiate Prasmodon zlotnicki from P. eminens Nixon. Prasmodon is now known to attack several species of leaf-rolling and leaf-webbing Crambidae (Lepidoptera) in rain forest habitats.
Two Archaic inscriptions from Asprokampos, Corinthia

Presented in this article are two inscriptions, one that had been lost for sixty years and the other newly discovered. The rediscovered stone has been drastically altered since it was first recorded and is republished with special attention given to its possible restoration and date. The new inscription is published here for the first time. The first inscription is almost certainly a dedication, while the second records a numerical value, for which possible explanations are suggested. A cult of Zeus Milichios is attested in the region and its possible association with both inscriptions is explored.
Residues of Fenthion and Five of its Metabolites: Their Persistence in Corn and Grass Forages

Coastal bermudagrass and corn treated with fenthion emulsifiable concentrate at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb per acre and sampled 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment were analyzed for fenthion and 5 of its metabolites (oxidation products). In the field, extensive oxidation of fenthion to the metabolites (primarily to fenthion sulfoxide) occurred almost immediately. Residues of all 6 compounds were detected in the grass, and residues of 5 compounds (no fenthion oxygen analog) were detected in the corn after various intervals of weathering in the field. Residues of fenthion and the metabolites in corn ensiled in gallon jars were persistent and oxidized at a lower rate in silage than in the field.
Abstract 231: Portrayal of Inappropriate Use of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging on Social Media and the Worldwide Web

Background: Approximately 14.8% of nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) tests in the United States are unnecessary. Patients and doctors are increasingly using social media and the web as part of their health care decisions. Little is known about the accuracy of information about MPI available to patients on social media which may affect patient education and joint decision making. The goal of this investigation was to determine whether information for patients on social media portrays an accurate representation of the risks and appropriate usage of MPI. Methods: We searched on Google Video, Google Web, and Twitter using search terms “nuclear stress test” (NST), “myocardial perfusion imaging”, and “choosing wisely stress test” (CW). Search results that did not specifically discuss MPI, were duplicative, or not English were discarded. Each search was continued until results were no longer relevant to the search term and topic. We evaluated all results for mention of radiation risks, alternative testing, possibility of false positive/negatives, and discouragement of unnecessary use such as annual/low risk/asymptomatic screening. For the primary outcome, we compared how frequently the results from each search term discussed unnecessary MPI. Results: None of our search results yielded material that encouraged unnecessary MPI. Radiation risks, alternative test options, and false positives/negatives were inconsistently discussed across search terms and sources. (Table) Depending on the search term, discouragement of unnecessary testing varied, 1.79% for NST, 10% for MPI, 64.4% for CW. In pairwise comparisons, search results for NST were less likely to discourage unnecessary testing than MPI (odds ratio [OR] 0.179, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.044-.68, p = 0.005) and MPI was less likely to discourage unnecessary screening than CW (OR 0.155, 95% CI 0.059-0.393, (<0.0001). Conclusion: Publicly available information on the internet and social media does not encourage unnecessary testing. Depending on the search term used, unnecessary testing may be commonly or rarely discouraged. Important topics related to nuclear MPI, such as radiation and alternative testing options are not widely discussed. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Research of modified lignosulfonate for dye dispersant

Modified dye dispersant was prepared from lignosulfonate through sulfonation and sulfomethylation condensation under alkaline conditions.The optimal conditions for sulfonation condensation: ratio of sulfonating agent 50%,reaction temperature 50 ℃,ratio of condensation agent 50%,reaction time 3 h,with a final dispersion force 62.6%.The optimal conditions for sulfomethylation: ratio of sulfonating agent 50%,reaction temperature 70 ℃,ratio of condensation 20%,reaction time 3 h,with a final dispersion force 55.5%.Products were characterized by FT-IR.
Research on the Current Situation and Affecting Factors of the Openess of Schools Sports Facilities in China's Cities

With the method of documentation,questionnaire,expert interview and statistics,the research conducted investigation on the sports facilities of 658 primary and middle schools in the communities of the urban regions of China.The research finds that more than half of the schools have the willingness to open their facilities to the public and more than 50% of schools have a clear separation between the sports facilities and the teaching facilities.However,only 27.8% of schools open their sports facilities to the public,due to six major reasons,such as government management,security,school resources,teaching management,awareness and policies and regulations,in which the government management,security and policies and regulations are the dominate factors.
Current Status of Endocrine Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer

Hormonal manipulation is currently the mainstay of palliative care for metastatic breast cancer because it is well tolerated and produces significant responses in approximately one-third of unselected patients. Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, is currently considered first-line therapy. Second-line agents include progestins and aromatase inhibitors.
A case of positive pregnancy test in a sexually inactive solid organ transplant recipient - can human chorionic gonadotropin be transmitted through solid organ transplantation?

A 21-year-old female with end stage renal disease underwent a non-related renal transplantation from a deceased pregnant donor. The recipient had a negative serum pregnancy test prior to her surgery. However postoperatively, a rise in her serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) level, which lasted several days, was documented. Solid organ transplantation is known to transmit various infections, malignant cells and antibodies from donor to recipient but no previous reports described transmission of hCG. This case report highlights the importance of considering this possibility when managing post-transplantation hormonal disturbances. Further research is warranted to evaluate the different mechanisms through which transmission occurs between donor and recipient.
Yeats and Eugenics

In 1928, while visiting Ezra Pound in Rapallo, Yeats met the composer George Antheil. According to Hone, ‘In conversation with Antheil, Yeats, the tone-deaf, rapidly and characteristically persuaded himself that his old theories of half-tones in verse-speaking were the dogmas of modern composers, and felt confident that he would be supplied in future with all the music he needed for his plays from this source.’1 The trick of Yeats’s mind illustrated by this anecdote partly explains his later interest in eugenics. In both cases, it seemed to him that pioneering modern minds had finally come around to establishing as fundamental principles truths he had intuited as a young man. Modern composers, in their experiments with ever more minute pitch intervals, had apparently arrived at the same conclusions Yeats had set out in ‘Speaking to the Psaltery’. The eugenists confirmed, with their batteries of intelligence tests, Yeats’s suspicion that Europe’s stocks were degenerating, and strengthened, by their emphasis of genes and heredity, his conviction of the importance of lineage and the family. His acquaintance with the ideas of the eugenists, however, was certainly deeper than was his acquaintance with the theories of modern composers.
Accurate and efficient measurement of impurity (dilute) diffusion coefficients without isotope tracer experiments

Abstract Most impurity diffusion coefficients were measured in the 1960s and 1970s using tracer experiments with only 14 sets of tracer measurements performed worldwide in the past 15 years. It is thus impractical to rely on tracer experiments to obtain the missing thousands of impurity diffusion coefficients. A recently developed forward-simulation analysis can change the scenario by reliably extracting impurity diffusion coefficients from regular diffusion couple profiles. A comparison of 51 values obtained from the forward-simulation analysis with tracer experiment values in the literature shows an excellent agreement, thus validating the reliability of the forward-simulation analysis in obtaining accurate impurity diffusion coefficients.
Effect of partial compliance on the prevention of recurrent preterm birth in women receiving weekly 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate injections.

AbstractPurpose: To analyze the effect of partial compliance on preterm birth (PTB) prevention among women with previous PTB and receiving 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC).Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter trial for the prevention of recurrent PTB. Women with prior PTB were randomly assigned between 15 0/7 and 20 3/7 weeks to weekly injections of either 17-OHPC or placebo. Full 100% compliance (group 1) was compared to 40-80% (group 2). Recurrent PTB rates and odds ratios were calculated. Student's t, Chi-square, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum, multivariate logistic regression and Breslow-Day tests were used.Results: Group 1 included 370 women versus 35 in group 2. In each group, the PTB rate was significantly reduced in pregnancies receiving 17-OHPC compared to placebo. The adjusted odds ratio for PTB rate in group 1 was 0.48 (95% CI 0.31–0.75) versus 0.18 (95% CI 0.04–0.92) in group 2. Comparing the homogeneity of both odds ratios, the rates of recurrent PTB prevention in bot...
The development of a guide for nurse leaders in higher education

Aim: Little is known regarding mentoring and supportive resources to assist, retain, and support nurse administrators at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The purpose of this paper is to discuss and describe the analysis of nurse leaders expressed journey to leadership, and a provide a guide for nursing leadership development. Methods: Thematic analysis of nurse leaders expressed challenges and terms and concepts of nursing leadership that prepared them for their role as a successful nurse leader. Results: Themes were derived from the analysis of past distinguished nurse leaders and provided a foundation for the development of mentoring guide for African American nurse leaders. Conclusions: Mentoring and supportive resources are essential in retaining nurse leaders in higher education. A guide on how to retain and support nurse administrators at HBCUs. This guide serves as a foundation for colleges and universities in their recruitment, orientation, and retention of nurse administrators in higher education.
Proteasome Structure and Assembly

The eukaryotic 26S proteasome is a large multisubunit complex that degrades the majority of proteins in the cell under normal conditions. The 26S proteasome can be divided into two subcomplexes: the 19S regulatory particle and the 20S core particle. Most substrates are first covalently modified by ubiquitin, which then directs them to the proteasome. The function of the regulatory particle is to recognize, unfold, deubiquitylate, and translocate substrates into the core particle, which contains the proteolytic sites of the proteasome. Given the abundance and subunit complexity of the proteasome, the assembly of this ~2.5MDa complex must be carefully orchestrated to ensure its correct formation. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of proteasome assembly, structure, and function. Technical advances in cryo-electron microscopy have resulted in a series of atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of both human and yeast 26S proteasomes. These structures have illuminated new intricacies and dynamics of the proteasome. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of proteasome assembly, particularly in light of recent structural information.
WHO WON WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE? A CASE FOR “MERE MEN”

Scholars of women's suffrage have long debated credit, a meditation on which leaders won the campaign to enfranchise American women. Many argue that victory came because of Alice Paul's militancy in picketing the White House. Others insist it was Carrie Chapman Catt's pragmatism in winning state victories. Still others note that both were needed, a political “one-two punch” of strategic effectiveness. This article suggests that one contingent often excluded from this narrative is men. Male suffragists are often portrayed as driven more by a hunger for quixotic political or sexual adventure, or by a chivalrous posture toward women. Examining the records of the New York Men's League for Woman Suffrage and the archival footprints male suffragists left behind, this article argues that whatever their motives, male suffragists made palatable to other men the once radical notion that women could join the coarse, corrupt, and cigar-filled world of politics without losing their femininity—or robbing men of their virility. By their very activism, they conditioned the public to see women—and men—beyond the gendered construct of the domestic sphere and in the light of the interest politics that dominated the Progressive Era.
Effects of Subcellular Oscillations on Cardiac Cell Transmembrane Potentials

Summary Models of the electrical activity in heart cells have tended to focus on the transmembrane potential and the non linear nature of ionic currents in the cell membrane. This can be attributed to the success of the Hodgkin-Huxley paradigm used in modeling cellular electrical activity. However, it is well known that the small size of heart cells makes small concentration changes have important effects on the overall functioning of the cells. In particular, it has been shown in experiment and theory that inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump can cause a significant build-up of internal sodium which in turn causes subcellular oscillations of calcium concentration. In this talk, I will look at the effects of these subcellular oscillations on the transmembrane potential in the DiFrancesco-Noble model of electrical activity in mammalian cardiac Purkinje fiber. It will be shown that the subcellular oscillations interferes with the normal pacemaking mechanism of the Purkinje fiber. Numerical continuation methods will be used to construct bifurcation diagrams which predict a dramatic change in the structure of periodic orbits of the cell electrical activity with pump inhibition.
Upscaling Biogenic Volatile Compound Emissions from Leaves to Landscapes

The implementation of biogenic emissions in regional air quality and global climate models requires numerical code and input datasets that are compatible with these regulatory and scientific tools. Canopy- and landscape-level emission models can be developed using a scaling up approach where emissions are first calculated on a leaf scale and then scaled up to higher scale using a canopy model that describes the environmental conditions in different canopy locations. Alternatively, big-leaf models can be used that simulate canopy emissions based on the physiological potentials of uppermost leaves in the canopy. Finally, with development of flux technology for measurement of whole canopy emission fluxes, canopy-level emission models have been derived that simulate the emissions on the basis of whole canopy environmental responses. Here the potentials and limitations of different model frameworks are compared and perspectives for future model developments are offered.
Are suicide attempters more impulsive than suicide ideators

Abstract Objective For over 100 years impulsiveness has been cited as a key factor in why some people that think about killing themselves go on to attempt suicide. Yet prior studies are limited by not using experimental groups that can test this hypothesis and by treating impulsiveness as a unidimensional construct. To overcome these limitations, we compared suicide ideators and suicide attempters on several dimensions of impulsiveness. Method In Study 1 we compared inpatient suicide attempters who made an attempt within the prior two weeks (n = 30), current inpatient suicide ideators (n = 31), and community controls (n = 34) on several dimensions of impulsiveness using self-report and behavioral measures. In Study 2 (n = 346), we compared three similar groups based on lifetime and past year suicidal behaviors on several of the measures in Study 1. Results In Study 1, we found only that negative urgency was clearly elevated among attempters compared with ideators. In Study 2, there were no significant differences on any impulsiveness constructs, including negative urgency. Conclusions Results from the two studies suggest that attempters may not have significantly elevated trait impulsiveness, compared to ideators; however, attempters may have higher impulsiveness when in a negative state.
Food group system of analysis with special attention to type and amount of fat--methodology.

A system for reporting dietary data in terms of food groups is described. The scheme was developed jointly by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to identify food use patterns in various population groups. The system comprises 14 major groups and 75 minor groups based on major nutrient composition with special attention to fats. One-day dietary recalls from 5,640 participants in the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Prevalence Study were analyzed to determine the frequency of food group usage by males and females in age groups 6 to 9, 10 to 19, 20 to 59, and 60 and older. Food group use is reported as percent of the population reporting use as obtained by the dietary recall as well as the average number of times each food group was mentioned by the users. LRC food selection patterns are compared with the Dietary Guidelines. Findings in this report indicate that, for the LRC population, some of the foods emphasized in the guidelines are not eaten with a high degree of frequency.
The SYMBIS Approach to Marriage Education

Questions are answered in relationship to the Parrotts’ work in marriage education and in relationship to a variety of sociocultural factors concerning the condition and treatment of marriage issue...
Birth Weight and Post-weaning Failure to Thrive Affect Subsequent Growth Performance, but Not Nursery Nutrient Digestibility or Carcass Composition of Pigs

Numerous factors, including birth weight, can affect transition during weaning. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of birth weight and transition ADG on growth and nutrient digestibility of pigs reared in a commercial environment. A total of 1,500 pigs were weighed at birth, tagged, and divided into 5 birth weight categories: 1.75 kg. At weaning, 1,054 pigs were moved to a commercial wean-to-finish research barn. All pigs were weighed individually at 0, 3, 6, and 22-weeks post-weaning. Gain from 0 to 3-weeks post-weaning was calculated and termed ‘transition ADG.’ Pigs from 3 transition ADG percentiles were of interest: 10th, 30th, and 70th. Forty pigs from each of these three transition ADG categories were matched for sex, litter number born alive, and sow parity to create 20 matched sets for 60 total pigs. At 3-weeks post-weaning, the 20 sets of pigs were harvested for whole-body carcass composition, and rectal digesta samples were collected to determine nutrient digestibility. All other pigs remained in the barn and were raised under typical commercial conditions. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX. There were no birth weight × transition ADG interactions (P > 0.27). Birth weight affected (P 0.11) of birth weight or transition ADG on nutrient digestibility or carcass composition. In conclusion, both light birth weight and post-weaning failure is a substantial source of weight variation at closeout, but this variation cannot be attributed to differences in nutrient digestibility.
Valence Bond Methods: Methane, ethane and hybridization

In Chapter 11 we discussed the properties of the atoms in the second row of the periodic table and how these might influence molecules formed from them. We focus on carbon in this chapter and examine how the bonding changes through the series CH, CH 2 , CH 3 , and CH 4 . The first three of these are known only spectroscopically, in matrix isolation, or as reaction intermediates, but many of their properties have been determined. The reader will recall that carbon exhibits relatively low-energy excited valence configurations. For carbon the excitation energy is around 4 eV, and among the atoms discussed in Chapter 11, only boron has a lower excitation energy. If this excited configuration is to have an important role in the bonding, the energy to produce the excitation must be paid back by the energy of formation of the bond or bonds. We shall see that VB theory predicts this happens between CH and CH 2 . After our discussion of these single carbon compounds, we will consider ethane, CH 3 CH 3 , as an example for dealing with larger hydrocarbons. CH, CH 2 , CH 3 , and CH 4 STO3G basis We first give calculations of these four molecules with an STO3G basis. The total energies and first bond dissociation energies are collected in Table 13.1. We see that, even with the minimal basis, the bond energies are within 0.4eV of the experimental values except for CH 3 , which has considerable uncertainty. The calculated values tend to be smaller, as expected for a minimal VB treatment.
Lipid oxidation inactivates the anticoagulant function of protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI)

Lipid oxidation due to oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Several findings suggest that lipid peroxidation can alter the function of coagulation proteins and contribute to a hypercoagulable state, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that oxidized phospholipids suppress the anticoagulant function of the serpin, protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), a specific inhibitor of membrane-associated factor Xa (FXa) that requires protein Z (PZ), phospholipid, and calcium as cofactors. We found that this suppression arises from a diminished ability of the oxidized membrane to function as a cofactor to promote ZPI inhibition of membranebound FXa, due fully or in part to the susceptibility of the bound ZPI-PZ complex to oxidative inactivation. Surprisingly, free ZPI was also susceptible to inactivation by oxidized membrane vesicles in the absence of calcium. Oxidized vesicles containing both Phosphatidylserine and polyunsaturated fatty acids were required to promoteinactivation of theZPI-PZcomplexor free ZPI, indicating that binding of thePZ-complexedor freeZPIto peroxide-modified phospholipid vesicles mediates the inactivation. Heparin protected the ZPI-PZ complex and free ZPI from inactivation, suggesting that blocking the heparin-binding site on ZPI interferes with ZPI binding to lipid or to PZ. This was confirmed by direct lipid-binding experiments. Native PAGE indicated that oxidization induced dissociation of the ZPI-PZ complex and increased the negative charge of ZPI. We conclude that compromised ZPI anticoagulant function could contribute to thrombus initiation and growth in oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases.
Plant biology: Mobile plastid genes.

The direct demonstration that chloroplast DNA can be incorporated into the nuclear genome of plants, even though it is unlikely that such DNA would be functional, will influence thinking in plant biotechnology.
Explicit points on the Legendre curve II

Let E be the elliptic curve y 2 = x(x + 1)(x + t) over the field Fp(t) ,w here p is an odd prime. We study the arithmetic of E over extensions Fq(t 1/d ), where q is a power of p and d is an integer prime to p. The rank of E is given in terms of an elementary property of the subgroup of (Z/dZ) × generated by p. We show that for many values of d the rank is large. For example, if d divides 2(p f − 1) and 2(p f − 1)/d is odd, then the rank is at least d/2. When d =2 (p f − 1), we exhibit explicit points generating a subgroup of E(Fq(t 1/d )) of finite index in the "2-new" part, and we bound the index as well as the order of the "2-new" part of the Tate-Shafarevich group.
A multisite, randomized field trial to evaluate the influence of lactoferrin on the morbidity and mortality of dairy calves with diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of antimicrobial use and mortality in young calves. To reduce antimicrobial use and resistance on dairy farms, research on alternative therapies for calf diarrhea is necessary. Our laboratory previously conducted a randomized clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein found in colostrum, as a treatment for calf diarrhea. The trial showed significantly reduced calf mortality in diarrheic calves that were administered lactoferrin. Thus, the objective of this study was to corroborate the results of our prior clinical trial across multiple farms and to investigate the effect of lactoferrin on the morbidity and mortality of preweaned calves with naturally occurring cases of diarrhea. This randomized field trial was conducted on 5 commercial dairy farms in Ohio. In total, 485 calves (≤21 d of age) were enrolled at first diarrhea diagnosis (fecal score ≥2 defined as loose to watery) and randomly assigned to receive an oral dose of lactoferrin (3 g of lactoferrin powder dissolved in 30 mL of water) or 30 mL of water (control) once daily for 3 consecutive days. Health assessments were conducted on the day of diarrhea diagnosis (d 0) and 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d following diagnosis. Producer records of disease treatment and mortality were collected 120 d following diagnosis. A Poisson regression model was used to test differences between treatments in disease frequency through 35 d post-diarrhea diagnosis and the incidence risk of treatment and mortality risk 120 d post-diarrhea diagnosis; the model controlled for calf age at enrollment, farm, and treatment. Median calf age at enrollment was 11 d and ranged from 1 to 26 d of age. At study enrollment, 51.3% (123/240) and 52.2% (128/245) of calves in the control and lactoferrin treatment groups, respectively, were diagnosed with severe diarrhea (fecal score = 3). The frequency of disease (diarrhea, dehydration, depression, signs of respiratory disease) through 35 d following diarrhea diagnosis was not significantly different for calves in the lactoferrin and control groups. Overall mortality risk for enrolled calves was 9.9%, and 10.7% (22/243) and 9.1% (26/242) of calves in the lactoferrin and control groups, respectively, died or were culled in the 120 d following diarrhea diagnosis. The relative risk of death or culling did not differ between treatment groups, however. Therefore, as performed in this study, lactoferrin as a treatment for calf diarrhea was not beneficial.
Medicare's Role in Determining Prices Throughout the Health Care System

Prices set by fee-for-service Medicare have a direct effect on prices paid by private insurers throughout the health care system. While this link is widely recognized, there is disagreement about whether higher Medicare prices lead to lower or higher prices for private health insurance. We review the evidence that informs this debate. Next, we define the optimal prices as the prices corresponding to demand in a competitive market with insurance policies that pay lump-sum transfers tied to illness. Real-world Medicare prices do not correspond to these optimal prices. We identify a number of problems with the approach that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services use to set Medicare prices. But even if these problems could be solved, a pricing system based on administrative data that attempts to create the semblance of marketprices will always be problematic. The paper closes with suggestions that might move real-world Medicare prices closer to the optimal prices.
The Case for Dosimetry in Alpha-Emitter Therapy

Abstract Despite ongoing efforts with new chemotherapeutics, small-molecule inhibitors and biologics, patients with distant metastases continue to have a grim prognosis. Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) with alpha-particle–emitting radionuclides has shown efficacy against widespread disease. Alpha-particle emitters are particularly effective because their short range and high energy deposit density lead to complex and largely irreparable DNA double-strand breaks. The high potency against tumors can also lead to high toxicity. Unlike most systemic treatment of cancer, the biodistribution of RPT agents may be imaged in humans using nuclear medicine imaging modalities. In this context, dosimetry provides a precision medicine approach to implementing RPT with alpha-emitters.
Properties and antimicrobial activity of polyvinyl alcohol-modified bacterial nanocellulose packaging films incorporated with silver nanoparticles

Abstract An environmentally friendly antimicrobial film was developed by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) via reduction (R) and UV-assisted (UV) methods. By mixing with 3 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, the elongation at break of the films was improved 20 times that of pure BNC film. The films exhibited higher oxygen barrier capacity with slightly improved water vapor permeability. Antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157:H7 were observed from both R and UV films with up to 7 and 3 log CFU/mL of reductions in liquid medium and on raw beef, respectively. A raw beef shelf-life study suggested that the films were able to inhibit the growth of naturally present bacteria for at least 10 days at 4 °C. The findings of this research indicate the potential of the AgNP/PVA/BNC films for applications in food packaging.
Effectiveness of police crisis intervention training programs

Approximately 1,000 people in the United States were fatally shot by police officers during 2018, and people with mental illness were involved in approximately 25 percent of those fatalities. Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training is a specialized police curriculum that aims to reduce the risk of serious injury or death during an emergency interaction between persons with mental illness and police officers. CIT has been implemented widely both nationally and internationally. Given the increasing resources devoted to CIT, efforts to analyze its effectiveness and outcomes relative to other approaches are important. Studies of CIT and similar interventions are found within both the mental health and the criminal justice arenas, which use very different terminologies, approaches, and outcome studies, rendering unified analyses challenging. This article describes the CIT model and reviews several recent systematic analyses of studies concerning the effects of CIT. Studies generally support that CIT has beneficial officer-level outcomes, such as officer satisfaction and self-perception of a reduction in use of force. CIT also likely leads to prebooking diversion from jails to psychiatric facilities. There is little evidence in the peer-reviewed literature, however, that shows CIT9s benefits on objective measures of arrests, officer injury, citizen injury, or use of force.
An integrin receptor complex mediates filamentous Tau-induced activation of primary astrocytes

Protein aggregates formed by microtubule-associated protein Tau can be transmitted in a stereotypic pattern in human brains, which correlates with the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed Tauopathies. This process requires Tau, released from neurons, to interact with a cell surface receptor on a target cell, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the downstream pathophysiological consequences particularly for Tau that engages glial cells. Using a spatially resolved proteomic mapping strategy, we identify integrin αV/β1, a heterodimer of the integrin family, as a receptor that not only mediates Tau fibril entry into astrocytes, but also activates integrin signaling upon Tau binding. We show that distinct Tau species differentially activates integrin signaling, with filamentous Tau being a more robust stimulator. This leads to differential upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, a sub-group of neurotoxic astrocyte markers are also induced in an integrin-dependent manner preferentially by filamentous Tau, causing astrocytes to release a neurotoxic factor(s). Together, these findings establish a paradigm that astrocytes can be directly converted into a neurotoxic state by filamentous Tau via an integrin receptor, which as a sensor transducing unfolded protein pathology, may provide a new therapeutic target for Tauopathies.
Advances in Transcriptome Analyses Using RNA Sequencing Technology in Soybean Plants [Glycine max]

Soybean [Glycine max] is an important oil and food plant for both humans and animals. Recent development in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology provides a cost effective approach to analyzing transcriptomes of plants at different developmental stages and in responses to different biotic and abiotic challenges. Currently there are over 5 000 RNA-seq datasets in soybean plants publicly available at SRA database in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Such a large number of RNA-seq datasets provide soybean researchers an opportunity as well as a challenge for fully exploring the data to understand soybean biology. A number of research articles have been published on applications of RNA-seq in transcriptome analysis of soybean plants, covering a wide range of topics including growth and development, plant mineral nutrients, responses to environmental stresses, pathogens and pests. In this work we compile and review recent advances of RNA-seq transcriptome analyses including profiling of differential gene expression, gene alternative splicing, and gene regulatory networks in soybean plants, with key findings excerpted from each individual published article.
An Evaluation of Real-Time Feedback for Training Classroom Observers

School personnel regularly conduct systematic direct observation (SDO) as part of educational evaluation and intervention progress monitoring. Despite the regularity with which SDO is utilized, little research has been devoted to the identification of efficient and effective training procedures. Thirty-two undergraduate students in education participated in the current study and were randomly assigned to one of two methods of feedback as a means of promoting accurate SDO: post hoc feedback and real-time feedback. Participants in each group completed three observations, one pre-training, one training, and one post-training. The dependent variables assessed were changes in interobserver agreement (IOA) with a criterion and overall accuracy of the observation. Results did not reveal significant differences in IOA between the two groups. A significant interaction was found between group assignment and measurement occasion for observation accuracy. Overall, results suggest that real-time feedback did not confer added benefit.
E-cigarettes: A novel therapy or a looming catastrophe

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were originally developed in 2003 as healthier alternatives to conventional tobacco cigarettes. Their popularity has since significantly increased and both users and nonusers are exposed to their aerosol and product constituents. Although some evidence suggests that e-cigarette use may facilitate smoking cessation, definitive data are lacking and e-cigarettes are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a cessation aid. While e-cigarette aerosol contains fewer toxins than conventional cigarette smoke, studies evaluating whether e-cigarettes are less harmful are inconclusive. The health impact of e-cigarettes for both users and nonusers cannot be determined with currently available data, and there are both environmental concerns and issues regarding nonuser exposure. Most of the currently available data related to the health effects of e-cigarettes do not evaluate their effects on the general population and evidence regarding the systemic health effects of e-cigarettes is limited. In addition, there has been a recent rise in vaping-related lung injuries. Therefore, the detrimental effects of e-cigarette use should be further investigated, and every effort should be made to increase public awareness of the harmful effects of e-cigarettes.
Diagnosis and Management of Orbital Fat Exposure During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Background:The orbital complication rate during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is <1%. Orbital fat exposure during ESS can herald orbital complications including orbital hematoma, extraocular muscl...
Transhiatal robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: unclear benefits compared to traditional transhiatal esophagectomy.

Esophagectomy is a high-risk operation, regardless of technique. Minimally invasive transthoracic esophagectomy could reduce length of stay and pulmonary complications compared to traditional open approaches, but the benefits of minimally invasive transhiatal esophagectomy are unclear. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively gathered data for open transhiatal esophagectomies (THEs) and transhiatal robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomies (TH-RAMIEs) performed at a high-volume academic center between 2013 and 2017. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for outcomes. 465 patients met inclusion criteria (378 THE and 87 TH-RAMIE). THE patients more likely had an ASA score of 3 + (89.1% vs 77.0%, p = 0.012), whereas TH-RAMIE patients more likely had a pathologic staging of 3+ (43.7% vs. 31.2%, p = 0.026). TH-RAMIE patients were less likely to receive epidurals (aOR 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.14, p < 0.001), but epidural use itself was not associated with differences in outcomes. TH-RAMIE patients experienced higher rates of pulmonary complications (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.82, 95% CI 1.03–3.22, p = 0.040), particularly pulmonary embolus (aOR 5.20, 95% CI 1.30–20.82, p = 0.020). There were no statistically significant differences in lymph node harvest, unexpected ICU admission, length of stay, in-hospital mortality, or 30-day readmission or mortality rates. The TH-RAMIE approach had higher rates of pulmonary complications. There were no statistically significant advantages to the TH-RAMIE approach. Further investigation is needed to understand the benefits of a minimally invasive approach to the open transhiatal esophagectomy.
Strangers in an old land: 19 Southern pilgrims on the South and religious experience tourism

Purpose – The paper focuses on two main issues. First, 19 Southern Baptists were asked, how they believe living in the Southeastern USA influences their religious faith. Second, the interviewees were asked about their experiences traveling to Israel.Design/methodology/approach – Through depth interviews, 13 corollaries were derived that help explain the Southern fundamentalist perspective on religion. The paper borrows principles from grounded theory, an inductive method that allows one to observe first and then begin building a general theory.Findings – Southern Baptists do not believe that living in the South changes their beliefs. However, they do believe that the South is a supportive environment for the Christian fundamentalist. The Baptists experienced Israel in highly idiosyncratic ways. Some said that the experience dramatically changed their lives; others felt that the trip had only a minimal impact.Originality/value – The paper is among the first to ask Southern fundamentalists how they believe ...
Revisiting the Relationship between Need for Cognition and Humor: Evidence from Multiple Manifestations of the Humorous Experience

In this study we consider two basic questions: (1) Does how much a person enjoys thinking influence how funny he or she thinks something is, and how humor evaluation is used in his or her overall attitude formation, and (2) Does it also affect other manifestations of humor (e.g., the way consumers produce humor)? Extant research exploring the relationship between Need for Cognition (NFC) and humor has produced mixed results and focused solely on one humorous experience (humor evaluation). In this article, we offer evidence from three studies supporting a core relationship between NFC and humor. In Study One, we consider a humor evaluation scenario, finding that while low-NFC participants allow how “funny” they perceive something to be to ultimately shape attitudes (“this is funny, so I like this”), high-NFC individuals do not. In Study Two we examine how high- and low-NFC participants attribute humor (when the source of the humor is unclear), finding differences not in the actual attribution, but in the confidence of that attribution. Finally, in Study Three we utilize a humor production setting, finding that differences in the humor type that high-NFC individuals and low-NFC individuals produce (depending on whether they are given a clear “target” of that humor). We also discuss areas for further research, speculating that not all humor may “play by these rules.”
Effects of magnesium ions, adenosine triphosphate, palmitoylcarnitine, and palmitoyl coenzyme A on acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase.

Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase is activated strongly by incubation with magnesium ions in the absence of citrate and by incubation with citrate in the absence of magnesium ions. The activation by magnesium ions is concentration- and time-dependent. Under optimum conditions the effects of citrate and magnesium ions are not additive. Although the activation by magnesium ions occurs in the absence of citrate, the enzyme requires citrate for the complete reaction. Addition of adenosine triphosphate to the activation medium containing either magnesium ions or citrate or both strongly inhibits the activation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. The inhibition is not due to removal of magnesium ions by chelation with adenosine triphosphate. Enzyme which has been activated with magnesium ions sediments at about the same rate as the inactive enzyme. Palmitoyl carnitine and cetyl trimethylammonium ions also stimulate the activity of the enzyme. This type of activation occurs rapidly, unlike the activation of the rat liver enzyme by magnesium ions and citrate. The maximum degree of stimulation by palmitoyl carnitine is observed when acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase has not been fully activated with other activators, but a 2- to 3-fold stimulation is observed even with enzyme which has been activated optimally with magnesium ions and citrate.
5V-only, standard 0.5/spl mu/m CMOS programmable and adaptive floating-gate circuits and arrays using CMOS charge pumps

This work presents the integration of high voltage charge pumps into floating-gate arrays in a standard 0.5/spl mu/m CMOS n-well double poly process. In this research two different Dickson charge pumps are presented for the tunnelling and injection in floating-gate circuits and arrays. A six stage design implemented with Schottky rectifiers is used to modulate tunneling and a three stage high voltage design is used to modulate injection. The Schottky configuration is able to boost the output voltage to approximately 18V while sourcing 1/spl mu/A and the high voltage configuration is able to boost the output voltage to approximately 7V while sourcing 0.1/spl mu/A. In both cases no voltage skipping is observed in the output voltage. Experimental results and analysis of each configuration are presented.
An integrated approach for P2P file sharing on multi-hop wireless networks

P2P file sharing protocol and ad hoc wireless routing protocol share many intriguing similarities even though they are motivated on totally different basis. The goal of P2P file sharing system such as KaZaa is to locate a set of servers that contain a given file and disseminate it efficiently. The key problem of an ad hoc network routing protocol is to determine which route to take to reach a given remote host. P2P file sharing application on mobile ad hoc network (MANET) has gained more momentum as shown in the research of recent years. One natural way is to implement P2P application and ad hoc routing at different layers they belong to. In this paper, we argue that instead of stacking one on the top of the other, more work needs to be done to make both P2P file sharing protocol and MANET routing protocol interact with each other. We extract the commonalities of these two and design a common query/response framework on which ad hoc network routing and P2P file sharing are integrated seamlessly. The extensive experiments show that our strategy performs better than the layered approach in terms of traffic, average delay and packet delivery ratio.