cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NT/Windows 2000 user profile issues

This document explains NT roaming profile issues experienced on public PC's at Bethel College & Seminary. Issues explained include slow login times (5+ minutes), profile corruption, and lost files. It also explains the NT logon and logoff process. This document is for user services and support staff to come up with a plan to help users overcome these issues.
Conserved features of selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements in selenoprotein W cDNAs from five species.

Abstract SECIS elements form stem-loop structures in the 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs that encode selenoproteins. These elements direct incorporation of selenocysteine at UGA codons, provided the SECIS element lies a sufficient distance from the UGA. The cDNAs encoding skeletal muscle selenoprotein W from human, rhesus monkey, sheep, rat, and mouse contained highly similar SECIS elements that retained important features common to all known SECIS elements. Comparative analysis of these SECIS elements showed that in some regions both predicted secondary structure and nucleotide sequences were conserved, in other areas secondary structure was maintained using different primary sequence, and in still other portions, base pairing was not conserved. The rodent and sheep selenoprotein W mRNAs used UGA as a stop codon and as a selenocysteine codon. Thus, UGA specified both selenocysteine incorporation and termination in a single mRNA. The selenoprotein W SECIS elements contained an additional highly conserved base-paired stem that may prevent inappropriate selenocysteine incorporation at the UGA stop codons.
The intersection of retracts of A

Abstract In this paper it is shown that if S=⋂R i where S is a semiretract and the R i are retracts of A ∗ , then S may be expressed as the intersection of two retracts.
3D visualization of subdural electrode shift as measured at craniotomy reopening.

Summary Purpose Subdural electrodes are implanted for recording intracranial EEG (iEEG) in cases of medically refractory epilepsy as a means to locate cortical regions of seizure onset amenable to surgical resection. Without the aid of imaging-derived 3D electrode models for surgical planning, surgeons have relied on electrodes remaining stationary from the time between placement and follow-up resection. This study quantifies electrode shift with respect to the cortical surface occurring between electrode placement and subsequent reopening. Methods CT and structural MRI data were gathered following electrode placement on 10 patients undergoing surgical epilepsy treatment. MRI data were used to create patient specific post-grid 3D reconstructions of cortex, while CT data were co-registered to the MRI and thresholded to reveal electrodes only. At the time of resective surgery, the craniotomy was reopened and electrode positions were determined using intraoperative navigational equipment. Changes in position were then calculated between CT coordinates and intraoperative electrode coordinates. Results Five out of ten patients showed statistically significant overall magnitude differences in electrode positions (mean: 7.2 mm), while 4 exhibited significant decompression based shift (mean: 4.7 mm), and 3 showed significant shear displacement along the surface of the brain (mean: 7.1 mm). Discussion Shift in electrode position with respect to the cortical surface has never been precisely measured. We show that in 50% of our cases statistically significant shift occurred. These observations demonstrate the potential utility of complimenting electrode position measures at the reopening of the craniotomy with 3D electrode and brain surface models derived from post-implantation CT and MR imaging for better definition of surgical boundaries.
Unusual radiologic features of metastatic prostatic carcinoma confirmed by immunohistochemical study

The clinical application of an immunohistochemical technique for prostatic acid phosphatase allowed the accurate diagnosis of metastatic prostatic carcinoma in 17 patients whose condition was not recognized by either clinical or histologic observations. The cardinal manifestations in these 17 patients included supraclavicular lymphadenopathy in 7, hilar lymphadenopathy in 1, pulmonary infiltration in 2, simulating carcinoma of the rectum in 4, fracture of femur in 1, orbital tumor in 1, and brain tumor in 1. A retrospective analysis of the radiologic features of these patients showed that the unusual manifestations were due to the route of metastasis, that is, direct invasion, lymphatic, and hematogenous. Radiologic studies, even in these unusual cases, are both useful in establishing the diagnosis and helpful in delineating the mode of metastasis of prostatic carcinoma.
Identification of novel small molecule activators of nuclear factor‐κb with neuroprotective action via high‐throughput screening

Neuronal noncytokine-dependent p50/p65 nuclear factor-κB (the primary NF-κB complex in the brain) activation has been shown to exert neuroprotective actions. Thus neuronal activation of NF-κB could represent a viable neuroprotective target. We have developed a cell-based assay able to detect NF-κB expression enhancement, and through its use we have identified small molecules able to up-regulate NF-κB expression and hence trigger its activation in neurons. We have successfully screened approximately 300,000 compounds and identified 1,647 active compounds. Cluster analysis of the structures within the hit population yielded 14 enriched chemical scaffolds. One high-potency and chemically attractive representative of each of these 14 scaffolds and four singleton structures were selected for follow-up. The experiments described here highlighted that seven compounds caused noncanonical long-lasting NF-κB activation in primary astrocytes. Molecular NF-κB docking experiments indicate that compounds could be modulating NF-κB-induced NF-κB expression via enhancement of NF-κB binding to its own promoter. Prototype compounds increased p65 expression in neurons and caused its nuclear translocation without affecting the inhibitor of NF-κB (I-κB). One of the prototypical compounds caused a large reduction of glutamate-induced neuronal death. In conclusion, we have provided evidence that we can use small molecules to activate p65 NF-κB expression in neurons in a cytokine receptor-independent manner, which results in both long-lasting p65 NF-κB translocation/activation and decreased glutamate neurotoxicity.
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern.

The monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has focused on the distribution in rivers and small lakes, but data regarding their occurrence and effects in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, are sparse. Wastewater treatment processes have not been optimized to remove influent PPCPs and are a major source of PPCPs in the environment. Furthermore, PPCPs are not currently regu- lated in wastewater effluent. In this experiment we evaluated the concentration, and corresponding risk, of PPCPs from a wastewater effluent source at varying distances in Lake Michigan. Fifty-four PPCPs and hormones were assessed on six different dates over a two-year period from surface water and sediment samples up to 3.2 km from a wastewater treatment plant and at two sites within a harbor. Thirty-two PPCPs were detected in Lake Michigan and 30 were detected in the sediment, with numerous PPCPs being detected up to 3.2 km away from the shoreline. The most frequently detected PPCPs in Lake Michigan were metformin, caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and triclosan. To determine the ecological risk, the maxi- mum measured environmental concentrations were compared to the predicted no-effect concentration and 14 PPCPs were found to be of medium or high ecological risk. The environmental risk of PPCPs in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, has been questioned due to high dilution; however, the con- centrations found in this study, and their corresponding risk quotient, indicate a significant threat by PPCPs to the health of the Great Lakes, particularly near shore organisms.
MIR–133A REGULATES EXPRESSION OF INSULIN–LIKE GROWTH FACTOR–1 RECEPTOR AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL GROWTH PARTLY BY TARGETING GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE 1–ASSOCIATING PROTEIN

MiR–133a regulates cardiovascular cell development. However, its impact on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth during atherosclerosis remains unclear. Galactosyltransferase 1–associating protein (GTAP), plays a role in stem cell growth. This study will analyze the role of miR–133a in
Toxic Drug Effects on the Cornea

AbstractThe unique anatomy and physiology of the cornea is reviewed prior to a brief discussion on the six factors responsible for maintenance of corneal transparency. The toxicity of topically applied drugs is then described for the following classes of chemicals: anesthetics, glaucoma drugs, preservatives, antiseptics, antiinfective drugs (antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, antihelminthics, and antimalarials), metal compounds, antiarthritic drugs, antiinflammatory agents, antineoplastic drugs, and drugs used for treatment of central nervous system disorders.
Low-mass protogalaxies and absorption lines in quasi-stellar objects.

The possibility is explored that the many weak unidentified absorption lines in high-redshift QSO spectra are L-alpha lines of hydrogen. The likely existence of a metagalactic flux of ionizing radiation indicates that hydrogen clouds at high redshifts must be thoroughly ionized. Observations of PHL 957 show that the suggested clouds may be low-mass protogalaxies. A simple model for the clouds' collapse and for the flux of ionizing radiation is used to compute the distribution of expected L-alpha lines in the spectrum of a QSO as a function of wavelength and H I column density. The computed distribution is in accord with observations of the two most distant QSOs, PHL 957 and 4C 05.34. Crudities in the theory and stronger tests of its validity are also discussed.
Gonadotropin and Sex Steroid Levels during Long Term Depot Leuprolide Therapy for Central Precocious Puberty

Gonadotropin and Sex Steroid Levels during Long Term Depot Leuprolide Therapy for Central Precocious Puberty
Lithium hydride - A space age shielding material

Men and materials performing in the environment of an operating nuclear reactor require shielding from the escaping neutron particles and gamma rays. For efficient shielding from gamma rays, dense, high atomic number elements such as iron, lead, or tungsten are required, whereas light, low atomic number elements such as hydrogen, lithium, or beryllium are required for efficient neutron shielding. The use of lithium hydride (LiH) as a highly efficient neutron-shielding material is considered. It contains, combined into a single, stable compound, two of the elements most effective in attenuating and absorbing neutrons.
IL-4 induces protection of vascular endothelial cells against killing by complement and melittin through lipid biosynthesis

We have shown previously that cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 induce protection in porcine vascular endothelial cells (EC) against killing by the membrane attack complex (MAC) of human complement. This protection is intrinsic, not due to changes in complement regulatory proteins, and requires activation of Akt and sterol receptor element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), which regulates fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis. Here we report that, compared to EC incubated in medium, IL-4-treated EC had a profound reduction in complement-mediated ATP loss and in killing assessed by vital dye uptake, but only a slight reduction in permeability disruption measured by calcein release. While controls exposed to complement lost mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently died, protected EC maintained mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, and remained alive. SREBP-1 and fatty acid synthase activation were required for protection and fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis, including cardiolipin, were increased after IL-4 stimulation, without increase in cholesterol content or cell proliferation. IL-4 also induced protection of EC from killing by the channel forming protein melittin, similar to protection observed for the MAC. We conclude that IL-4 induced activation of Akt/SREBP-1/lipid biosynthesis in EC, resulting in protection against MAC and melittin, in association with mitochondrial protection.
To paddle or not: context dependent courtship display by male blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus.

SUMMARY The nature of the courtship signalling used by a species is shaped by many factors, one of which is its habitat. Male blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, have a courtship display in which they elevate their body by standing high on their legs, open their chelae and paddle their swimming legs. This courtship display is not reported in other swimming (portunid) crabs and is rarely expressed in laboratory experiments on male blue crabs. In this study, we characterised this display, which we call `courtship stationary paddling9, and distinguished it from other types of paddling. To explain the species specificity of courtship stationary paddling, we hypothesised that this behaviour is an adaptation to low visibility and abundant refuges in the habitat of blue crabs, and that this behaviour enhances chemical signalling when females are relatively inaccessible to males. We used particle imaging velocimetry to visualise water currents generated during courtship stationary paddling, showing that it created water currents directed away from the male and towards the female, thus enhancing chemical signalling. We also showed that males did not perform courtship stationary paddling when females were freely walking such that males could quickly contact and cradle carry them. Rather, males typically performed courtship stationary paddling only when females were inaccessible to them. These results indicate that courtship stationary paddling is a context-dependent behaviour, occurring only when females are not accessible to males, and suggesting that it evolved as an adaptation to life in habitats with many refuges and low visibility.
What Are Our Expectations, Objectives, and Performance Requirements for Wood Structures in High Wind Regions?

In response to tremendous losses in recent storms, there have been considerable efforts to place the design of wood-frame structures built in hurricane-prone regions on an engineering basis. It is assumed that the transition from a prescriptive design basis to an engineered design basis, and perhaps back to an improved (deemed-to-comply) prescriptive design basis, will lead to improvements in the performance of wood-frame construction in high wind regions. As advances have been made in this area, a number of disconnects between the expectations and objectives of the owners, builders, engineers, and insurers have been identified. Drawing on the writers’ experience, the purpose of this paper is to highlight some of these mismatched expectations, objectives, and performance requirements.
Simultaneous Application of Interstitial Flow and Cyclic Mechanical Strain to a Three-Dimensional Cell-Seeded Hydrogel

The present study describes the design and validation of a simple apparatus to apply simultaneous mechanical and fluidic stress to three-dimensional (3D) cell-seeded collagen hydrogels. Constructs were formed in wells in a silicone substrate that could be stretched cyclically, and were also fitted with inlet ports to apply fluid flow. Acid etching was used to retain adhesion of the gels to the walls of the well, and an acellular layer of collagen hydrogel was used to distribute flow evenly. Finite element modeling showed that 5% uniaxial strain applied to the entire silicone substrate resulted in ∼6.5% strain in each of the gel constructs. Permeability testing and flow observation showed that acellular hydrogels were fourfold more permeable than cardiac fibroblast-seeded gels, and that the fluid distributed evenly in the acellular layer before entering the cell-seeded gel. Viability testing and imaging demonstrated that cells remained viable with expected fibroblast morphology for the 120 h duration of th...
Factors Influencing Changes in U.S. Hardwood Log and Lumber Exports from 1990 to 2011

Domestic consumption of hardwood products in the United States since 2000 has trended downward, making exports the single most important market for higher grade hardwood lumber and a major market for higher value hardwood logs. Between 1990 and 2011, hardwood lumber exports increased by 46%. During most of this period, Canada was the largest export market for U.S. lumber, but in 2009 China/Hong Kong became the most important market. Nearly 60% of the lumber exported in 1990 was red or white oak, but the proportion of exports of these species had decreased to 38% by 2011. By contrast, exports of yellow-poplar lumber increased by 381% over this period. The volume of hardwood logs exported grew by 62% between 1990 and 2011, and Canada remained the largest customer. Several factors can affect the export of hardwood lumber and logs. In the 1990s, changes in exchange rates and economic activity in importing countries could be linked with changes in lumber and log exports. Since 2000, China, Vietnam, and other East Asian furniture-producing countries have become important export markets as overseas manufacturers seek lumber of species familiar to U.S. consumers. Conversely, the large decrease in hardwood lumber and log exports to Canada between 2006 and 2009 coincides with a similar decrease in wood furniture imports from Canada.
Structure of Shock Waves in Cylindrical Ducts

Wall static and in-stream phot pressure distributions are presented for confined, nonreacting, supersonic flows in cylindrical sections wherein a shock structure has been stabilized. Based on an analysis of these measurements, the character of the wave structure is shown to be oblique rather than normal, with the flow remaining primarily supersonic downstream of the shock system. When additional cylindrical sections are either added or deleted the shock structure is, with the exception of slight changes due to the different initial conditions, independent of location in the duct. The parameters which govern the distance st, over which the pressure rise is spread, viz., Mach number, momentum thickness Reynolds number, duct diameter, and the momentum thickness of the upstream boundary layer, were varied as follows: 1.53 ^ Ma ^ 2.72, 5 x 10 ^ Ree ^ 6 x 10, 1.0 D 6.1 in., and 0.007 ^ 6 ^ 0.036 in. In each test the wave structure was generated by either lowering the pressure in the air supply system so that the cylindrical duct was, in effect, overexpanded when discharging to ambient conditions, or by throttling the flow leaving the duct. For a given pressure ratio across the disturbance, Pf/pa, st varies approximately directly with the product 0D and inversely with (Ma — l)Re0. A simple quadratic expression is presented which adequately represents this corespondence for the complete range of conditions tested and for data from the cited reference.
Rethinking Noble Cause Corruption

The historical background to and use of the expression ‘noble cause corruption’ to characterise certain types of police behaviour is explored. One account, in which it is understood to provide a mantle of respectability for certain kinds of police corruption is contrasted with another in which it describes a kind of corruption that is not ameliorated by its motivation. This divergence, however, points to some deeper problems and complexities in police decision-making that have not been fully acknowledged or explored in police work. These are most acute when general rules do not adequately accommodate the complexities of real-life situations.
Phase-change phenomena during electron-beam heating : Molecular dynamics simulations

In this paper, a computational study of a phase-change process during field emission induced heating is presented. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to study the heating effect on a thin film of gold (the workpiece) when an electron beam from the tip of a carbon nanotube (CNT) hits the surface of the workpiece. A Monte Carlo method is adapted to solve the electron-beam Boltzmann transport equation to determine the electron distribution inside the workpiece. A hybrid approach is implemented to couple the two temperature model with MD simulations. The results of these simulations provide insight into the phase change during surface processing with an electron beam down to the atomic level. An order parameter and a radial distribution function are used to characterize the transition point at which the material changes phase. The results show that complete melting of the workpiece can be achieved with an array of CNTs with realistic experimental conditions.
A Bipartite Polymerase–Processivity Factor Interaction: Only the Internal β Binding Site of the α Subunit is Required for Processive Replication by the DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme

Previously, we localized the β2 interacting portion of the catalytic subunit (α) of DNA polymerase III to the C-terminal half, downstream of the polymerase active site. Since then, two different β2 binding sites within this region have been proposed. An internal site includes amino acid residues 920–924 (QADMF) and an extreme C-terminal site includes amino acid residues 1154–1159 (QVELEF). To permit determination of their relative contributions, we made mutations in both sites and evaluated the biochemical, genetic, and protein binding properties of the mutant α subunits. All purified mutant α subunits retained near wild-type polymerase function, which was measured in non-processive gap-filling assays. Mutations in the internal site abolished the ability of mutant α subunits to participate in processive synthesis. Replacement of the five-residue internal sequence with AAAKK eliminated detectable binding to β2. In addition, mutation of residues required for β2 binding abolished the ability of the resulting polymerase to participate in chromosomal replication in vivo. In contrast, mutations in the C-terminal site exhibited near wild-type phenotypes. α Subunits with the C-terminal site completely removed could participate in processive DNA replication, could bind β2, and, if induced to high level expression, could complement a temperature-sensitive conditional lethal dnaE mutation. C-terminal defects that only partially complemented correlated with a defect in binding to τ, not β2. A C-terminal deletion only reduced β2 binding fourfold; τ binding was decreased ca 400-fold. The context in which the β2 binding site was presented made an enormous difference. Replacement of the internal site with a consensus β2 binding sequence increased the affinity of the resulting α for β2 over 100-fold, whereas the same modification at the C-terminal site did not significantly increase binding. The implications of multiple interactions between a replicase and its processivity factor, including applications to polymerase cycling and interchange with other polymerases and factors at the replication fork, are discussed.
A 60-Hz Harmonic Eliminator

A 60-Hz harmonic eliminator has been designed to remove dc and 60-Hz line frequency and its harmonics. By triggering a 1024-point sliding average on each cycle of the line voltage, the harmonics of 60 Hz and dc are averaged from the input. This average is then substracted from the input to eliminate these components, leaving the rest of the signal unaffected. The circuit is equivalent to 500 notch filters at every harmonic of 60 Hz with each notch about 48 dB deep and less than 2 Hz wide.
Functional connectivity in auditory cortex using chronic, multichannel unit recordings

Abstract Chronic, multichannel recordings provide a method for reliable detection and determination of long-term dynamic functional connectivity. Using chronically implanted multichannel electrode arrays, we simultaneously recorded 30–70 units in guinea pig auditory cortex in daily recording sessions for implant durations of six months. We examined stimulus response properties and correlation strengths in neuron pairs in four animals. Preliminary results from these `snapshots’ of functional connectivity suggest sparse functional connections among widely distributed neurons. Some of these functional connections were found to persist for several days. These results provide a framework upon which further investigations of functional dynamic connectivity can be developed.
Dendroentomological evidence associated with an outbreak of the native wood-boring beetle Enaphalodes rufulus

An outbreak of Enaphalodes rufulus Haldeman, a North American wood-boring cerambycid beetle, appears to be a major contributing factor to a recent Quercus rubra L. mortality event. The objectives o...
Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus content of hair from two populations of rhesus monkeys.

The use of hair for the assessment of human mineral nutritional status is controversial, yet has potential because of the ease of collection and storage, and the high concentration of minerals in hair. This study generated baseline values for hair macromineral content in the most commonly used primate model for human nutrition and disease, the rhesus monkey. Hair digests from monkeys in Maryland (n=98) and Puerto Rico (n=208) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Significant differences existed between the two populations for hair calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) (P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.02). Male hair had higher concentrations of Mg in specimens from the Puerto Rican population (P<0.001), whereas hair phosphorus was higher in female hair (P<0.02). There were no significant differences attributable to pregnancy status. Differences in hair content attributable to categorical age were found for Ca and Mg (P<0.001,P<0.01). Significant location differences paralleled dietary differences. These values therefore can be considered reference ranges for hair Ca, Mg, and P for free-ranging and caged rhesus monkeys.
Optimal reimbursement health insurance: An application of profit functions and Frischian demands☆

Abstract This paper develops a model of reimbursement health insurance which uses a consumer's Frischian demands and their associated profit function. We contrast reimbursement insurance, which covers expenditure fluctuations on a particular subset of goods, with optimal insurance. A restriction on preferences in their profit function representation is shown to yield the fully optimal allocation for an economy with individual risks as described by Malinvaud.
Design and characterization of a magnetoelastic sensor for the detection of biological agents

This paper presents the design and development of a free-standing, magnetoelastic biosensor. The detection principle is presented and various resonance characteristics of the sensor are discussed. Experimental measurements of the sensor resonance frequencies agree with theoretical predictions. The influence of the external magnetic field on the resonance behaviour of the sensor was studied and the optimum dc magnetic fields for best sensitivity in air and in water solutions for 2000 × 400 × 15 µm (2 mm) sensors and 1000 × 200 × 15 µm (1 mm) size sensors were determined to be 75 Oe and 38 Oe, respectively. Both theoretical prediction and experimental results show that smaller sensors have greater mass sensitivity and can theoretically detect mass as small as one biological spore. The sensor platform was immobilized with JRB7 phages for specific, in vitro detection of B. anthracis spores. Real-time detection of spores suspended in water was demonstrated using a flowing system. The 1 mm and 2 mm sensors were found to have a detection limit of 104 spores ml−1 and 105 spores ml−1, respectively.
A new recycling technology: Compression molding of pulverized rubber waste in the absence of virgin rubber

Recycling of rubber waste poses a challenging environmental, economical, and social problem. In the present study, we propose a new two-stage recycling process to reuse a rubber waste. First, the granulates of the waste were pulverized into small particles using a single screw extruder in the Solid State Shear Extrusion (SSSE) process. Then, the produced powder was compression molded in the absence of virgin rubber. The slabs prepared at various molding conditions were subjected to mechanical, chemical, and microscopic tests. It is found that the slabs have high extensibility with low-medium tensile strength. Compressive creep of the powder, self-adhesion of rubber molecules, and interchange reactions of polysulfidic crosslinks are proposed as the basis of particle bonding.
Lower-order robust controller design for smart structures

The low order controller has many advantages such as simple hardware implementation and high reliability and is very important for the successful integration of controllers with smart structures. Designing a controller with robustness to different uncertainties ins mart structure always leads to a high order controller. In this paper, two low order controller design methods are proposed. One method is to design a low order controller based on the reduced plant model. The model error between the full order model and reduced order model is considered as an additive uncertainty in the controller design to reduce the spill-over effect. Another method, controller reduction, is to find a low order controller by reducing the full order controller. The effect of the controller reduction on the system performance is taken into account by selecting a maximum allowable controller reduction error for preserving the performance. The full order controller can be synthesized to provide optimal performance or maximum allowable controller reduction error. Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are utilized in those methods to design the low order controllers. The variations of structural parameters, natural frequencies and damping ratios are considered in the controller design as parametric uncertainties.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome Associated with Monosomy 7 in a Child with Bloom Syndrome

Bloom syndrome is a genomic instability syndrome associated with predisposition to development of various types of malignancy. In this report, we described a 7-year-old boy with Bloom syndrome (BS) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with monosomy 7 and loss of the Y chromosome. To our knowledge, this was the first case with BS showing monosomy 7 and MDS during the early childhood period.
927 RESTRICTED DIVERSITY OF THE LIGHT CHAIN OF HUMAN ANTIBODY (Ab) TO THE CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE (CP) OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B (HIB)

Previous studies by others have suggested that HIB infection above age 18 months and a delayed maturation of the infant's Ab response to HIB-CP may be associated with particular Km allotype antigens of the kappa light chain. To better understand the mechanism of this association, the light chain type distribution of anticapsular Ab induced by HIB-CP immunization and HIB infection was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The light chain of immunization-induced antibody was predominantly of the kappa chain type in 19 of 25 adult sera and almost exclusively kappa chain in 9 of these sera. Kappa chain restriction did not correlate with the pre-immunization light chain type distribution nor the post-immunization antibody level. Restriction persisted up to 30 months after immunization. The convalescent sera of 9 of 10 patients recovering from HIB disease showed kappa chain restriction. In contrast, antibody to tetanus toxoid and the CP of S. pneumoniae type 3 in both groups of sera did not show light chain restriction. This light chain restriction of anticapsular Ab may be a partial explanation of the described association of delayed maturation of immunity to the HIB-CP with particular Km allotype antigens.
Stability of trusses under dynamic loads

Abstract The stability behavior and the large deformation response of two well-known truss configurations subjected to dynamic loads are studied. The method of analysis is based on an Eulerian formulation accounting for arbitrarily large displacements. Three types of dynamic forcing functions, namely, step loads of infinite duration, triangular loads of finite duration, and sinusoidal loads are considered. Load-deformation curves for these load cases are presented, and the influences of the triangular impulse duration and the period of the sinusoidal load on the critical load magnitudes of the structures are examined.
Fluorophenylalanine inhibition of tumors in mice on a phenylalanine-deficient diet.

Abstract ρ-Fluorophenylalanine (ρ-FPhe) did not inhibit either the BW7756 hepatoma or the C3HBA mammary adenocarcinoma. A diet low in phenylalanine (0.12%) does not inhibit either tumor significantly. Together, the ρ-FPhe and the low phenylalanine diet caused marked inhibition of both tumors. The tumors and livers of mice on the low phenylalanine diet have lower free phenylalanine levels than mice on a complete diet. The mice fed the low phenylalanine diet and injected with ρ-FPhe had an increase in free ρ-FPhe in the hepatoma but not in the liver. The mice receiving the low phenylalanine diet and ρ-FPhe incorporate greater amounts of ρ-FPhe in the tumor proteins, but there was not an increase of ρ-FPhe in the liver proteins.
The anatomy of the macro marketing system

The anatomy of the macro marketing system is developed through the use of a systems methodology. This conceptual model provides academics with a frame of reference for fleshing out the marketing system as it develops over time. Beyond depicting its parts and their interrelationships, the treatise emphasizes a fundamental premise orienting change within the marketing system. Contemporary economic conditions necessitate that the marketing system operate as an aggregate mechanism for the maintenance of minimum costs. This furnishes practitioners with a basis for anticipating the transformation that will take place if the marketing system is to offer its denizens higher quality life styles in the future.
Pharmacologic stress testing: Mechanism of action, hemodynamic responses, and results in detection of coronary artery disease

Pharmacologic stress testing may be used in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and risk assessment. The stress agents may be divided into those that produce primary coronary vasodilation (dipyridamole, adenosine, or adenosine triphosphate) and those that produce secondary vasodilation as a result of increase in myocardial oxygen demand (dobutamine and arbutamine). Assessment of myocardial perfusion and function can be made by single-photon imaging, positron emission tomography, two-dimensional echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast angiography. For assessment of myocardial perfusion, either thallium 201-labeled or technetium-labeled perfusion imaging agents may be used. This article will focus on the mechanisms of action, hemodynamic responses, and results of pharmacologic imaging in detecting coronary artery disease. The use of pharmacologic stress testing in risk assessment will be discussed in a separate article.
Voice onset time of voiceless bilabial and velar stops in 3-year-old bilingual children and their age-matched monolingual peers.

This study investigates aspects of voice onset time (VOT) of voiceless bilabial and velar stops in monolingual and bilingual children. VOT poses a special challenge for bilingual Spanish- and English-speaking children because although this VOT distinction exists in both languages, the values differ for the same contrast across Spanish and English. Twenty-four 3-year-olds participated in this study (8 bilingual Spanish–English, 8 monolingual Spanish and 8 monolingual English). The VOT productions of /p/ and /k/ in syllable-initial stressed singleton position were compared across participants. Non-parametric statistical analyses were performed to examine differences (1) between monolinguals and bilinguals and (2) between English and Spanish. The main findings of the study were that monolingual and bilingual children generally differed on VOT in English, but not in Spanish. No statistically significant differences were found between the Spanish and the English VOT of the bilingual children, but the VOT value...
The Changing Face of US-Europe Relations: Geopolitical Causes and Possible Consequences

Relations between the United States and Europe have been quite volatile over the past five years. This volatility is not just a product of disagreements over the American invasion of Iraq. It is tied to a set of fundamental challenges to the geopolitical arrangements and understandings that emerged in the wake of World War II. Three challenges were of particular importance: the fall of the Iron Curtain, the Balkan crisis of the 1990s, and the election of a presidential administration in Washington, DC, which adopted a neoconservative geopolitical agenda. The global impacts of this agenda were heightened by the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States of America. The U.S. response exposed fundamental differences between the U.S. and Europe on the use of international military forces in the “war on terrorism,” the role of NATO, and the U.S. government’s effort to force “regime change” in Iraq. Europe’s reaction to U.S. policy has not been uniform, however. At the governmental level, fundamental differences have emerged among European countries. The United States has sought to highlight those differences, suggesting that the U.S. favors “disaggregation” in Europe, even as it trumpets the virtues of a uniform response to the threat of terrorism. The future trajectory of U.S.-European relations is likely to be shaped by intersections between Europe’s struggles with integration and the U.S.’s evolving global geopolitical posture, which could move in either a hegemonic or a globalist direction.
Development of twenty-five polymorphic microsatellite markers for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker ( Picoides borealis )

Twenty-five polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). The number of alleles ranged from two to five and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.036 to 0.750. These loci should be useful tools for conducting research towards the management and conservation of this species.
Chemotherapeutic susceptibility of human bone marrow progenitor cells and human myelogenous leukemia cells (HMO) in co‐culture: Preliminary report

We determined the chemotherapeutic susceptibility of normal human granulocyte progenitor cells (CFU-C) and acute myelogenous leukemia cells (HL-60) in co-culture. Nucleated bone marrow cells and HL-60 cells were mixed in 0.3% agar containing McCoy's 5A medium, fetal bovine serum, human placenta-conditioned medium, and various concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents. They were incubated in 5% humidified CO2 at 37 degrees C for 8-10 days. CFU-C and HL-60 colonies were differentiated morphologically. The formation of CFU-C was progressively inhibited with the increasing number of HL-60 cells, whereas the presence or absence of bone marrow cells did not influence the number of HL-60 colonies. In separate culture, HL-60 cells were more sensitive to vincristine than were CFU-C cells. In co-culture, however, the CFU-C became more sensitive to vincristine than in the separate culture. Similarly, co-culture CFU-C were more sensitive to daunorubicin than in separate culture. These data indicate that HL-60 leukemic cells exert inhibitory effects on normal bone marrow CFU-C; in such an inhibited state, normal bone marrow is more susceptible to certain chemotherapeutic agents.
Pairing gaps in nucleonic superfluids

Abstract Singlet S-wave nucleonic superfluids are studied within a microscopic many-body theory that incorporates explicit spatial correlations due to strong short-range repulsive forces as well as the momentum-space pairing correlations of BCS theory. The theory is formulated within the method of correlated basis functions (CBF). Within this scheme, there results a nonlinear problem for the superfluid energy gap that is identical in form to the gap problem of conventional BCS theory. However, the input single-particle energies and pairing matrix elements are dressed by the short-range spatial correlations and accordingly incorporate an important class of medium corrections. The effective pairing force of the theory is finite even if the bare two-nucleon potential contains an infinitely hard core; both the pairing matrix elements and single-particle energies are to be constructed from normal-state CBF matrix elements and may be evaluated by cluster-expansion techniques. The theory is explicated and applied at a variational level that is equivalent to the leading order of a CBF superstate perturbation theory. New results are presented for the 1 s 0 pairing gap Δ k F in pure neutron matter at densities relevant to the inner crust of a neutron star, based on a simplified version of the Reid soft-core interaction and spin-dependent spatial correlations optimized in the correlated normal state. Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the gap equation at large intermediate-state momenta, correcting quantitative defects of earlier calculations. The variational gap function evaluated at the Fermi surface, Δ F , which serves as a critical input to models of the cooling and internal dynamics of neutron stars, is found to be larger than predicted in earlier work. Estimates of the suppression of the gap due to polarization processes (and other particle-particle and hole-hole irreducible medium effects of higher order within CBF superstate perturbation theory) yield values for Δ k F that are generally compatible with results from the semi-empirical polarization-potential approach, except at higher densities where the gap is closing. Updated solutions of the gap problem at the variational-CBF level are also given for 1 S 0 proton pairing in the quantum fluid interior of a neutron star and for 1 S 0 like-nucleon pairing in symmetrical nuclear matter at densities typical of the nuclear surface.
A new species of four-toed skink (Squamata: Scincidae: Carlia peronii species group) from Pulau Sukur, Indonesia, and biogeographic notes on the herpetofauna of Flores and Komodo

Abstract Even though Flores is a major island of the Inner Banda Arc in the Lesser Sunda Archipelago (Indonesia), its herpetofauna was last tabulated by Robert Mertens, based on a 47-day visit to the island in 1927. Few, even briefer, surveys of the Flores herpetofauna occurred since then, and our knowledge remains incomplete. Pulau Sukur is a small island lying about 35 km off the north coast of Flores. Its herpetofauna has not been previously documented and likely is a subset of the Flores herpetofauna; however, at least one unique lizard species occurs there. Carlia sukur, new species, is a member of the C. peronii species group and is described herein. Its geographic outlier position represents a peculiar biogeographic question, which we examine relative to the lizard fauna of Flores and offer an updated list to the Flores and Komodo herpetofauna.
Topology aggregation for hierarchical routing in ATM networks

This paper provides a tutorial for topology arregation in large hierarchical communication networks. Specifically, it examines some issues of topology aggregation for hierarchical PNNI Routing in ATM networks, presents a complex node representation, and provides some guidelines for topology aggregation. There are two main reasons for topology aggregation. First, topology information must be compressed to avoid excessive complexity in topology adevertisement. Second, the internal topology of a network may have to be hidden for security reasons. A desirable topology aggregation method must adequately represent the topology of a given network for efficient routing and netowrk resource allocation, using a compact advertised topology.
Coagulation markers in healthy human subjects exposed to diesel exhaust.

Background Ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has been proposed that PM induces a pro-thrombotic process, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events, with some support from epidemiological and laboratory-based models. Diesel exhaust is a major contributor to urban PM, and we conducted a controlled human exposure of diesel exhaust in healthy subjects.
Virtual Teams and the Importance of Building Trust

Trust in the workplace is both an ethical and a management issue. Virtual teams have become common in IT, but the importance of building trust in such teams is often under-appreciated. In this installment of IT Ethics, the authors look at several definitions and theories of trust and their application in virtual IT teams. The human dimensions of virtual teams are a crucial factor in their chances of success. Both for the project's sake-and for the participants' - the issue of trust should be a central concern. As virtual teams become the norm, such teams will require additional effort in creative trust-building activities.
TRB3 Blocks Adipocyte Differentiation through the Inhibition of C/EBPβ Transcriptional Activity

TRB3 has been implicated in the regulation of several biological processes in mammalian cells through its ability to influence Akt and other signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of TRB3 in regulating adipogenesis and the activity of adipogenic transcription factors. We find that TRB3 is expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and this expression is transiently suppressed during the initial days of differentiation concomitant with induction of C/EBPβ. This event appears to be a prerequisite for adipogenesis. Overexpression of TRB3 blocks differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells at a step downstream of C/EBPβ. Ectopic expression of TRB3 in mouse fibroblasts also inhibits the C/EBPβ-dependent induction of PPARγ2 and blocks their differentiation into adipocytes. This inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation by TRB3 appears to be the result of two complementary effects. First, TRB3 inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity, which prevents the phosphorylation of regulatory sites on C/EBPβ. Second, TRB3 directly interacts with the DR1 domain of C/EBPβ in the nucleus, further inhibiting both its ability to bind its response element and its ability to transactivate the C/EBPα and a-FABP promoters. Thus, TRB3 is an important negative regulator of adipogenesis that acts at an early step in the differentiation cascade to block the C/EBPβ proadipogenic function.