cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Operator norm inequalities between tensor unfoldings on the partition lattice

Interest in higher-order tensors has recently surged in data-intensive fields, with a wide range of applications including image processing, blind source separation, community detection, and feature extraction. A common paradigm in tensor-related algorithms advocates unfolding (or flattening) the tensor into a matrix and applying classical methods developed for matrices. Despite the popularity of such techniques, how the functional properties of a tensor changes upon unfolding is currently not well understood. In contrast to the body of existing work which has focused almost exclusively on matricizations, we here consider all possible unfoldings of an order-k tensor, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of partitions of {1, …, k}. We derive general inequalities between the lp -norms of arbitrary unfoldings defined on the partition lattice. In particular, we demonstrate how the spectral norm (p = 2) of a tensor is bounded by that of its unfoldings, and obtain an improved upper bound on the ratio of the Frobenius norm to the spectral norm of an arbitrary tensor. For specially-structured tensors satisfying a generalized definition of orthogonal decomposability, we prove that the spectral norm remains invariant under specific subsets of unfolding operations.
Functionalized Metal Oxide Clusters: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of a Novel Series of Fully Reduced Heteropolyoxovanadium Cationic Clusters Decorated with Organic Ligands[MVIV6O6{(OCH2CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)}6]X (M = Li, X = Cl·LiCl; M = Na, X = Cl·H2O; M = Mg, X = 2Br·H2O; M = Mn, Fe, X = 2Cl; M = Co, Ni, X = 2Cl·H2O)

A novel series of fully reduced heteropolyoxovanadium(IV) compounds, [MVIV6O6{(OCH2CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)}6]X (1, M = Li, X = Cl·LiCl; 2, M = Na, X = Cl·H2O; 3, M = Mg, X = 2Br·H2O; 4, M = Mn, X = 2Cl; 5, M = Fe, X = 2Cl; 6, M = Co, X = 2Cl·H2O; 7, M = Ni, X = 2Cl·H2O), have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and UV−vis spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, manganometric titration, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements, bond valence sum calculations, X-ray powder diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The structures of the crystals are comprised of discrete units of fully reduced cluster cations, [MVIV6O6{(OCH2CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)}6]n+, counterions (chloride or bromide), and water of crystallization (in the case of 2, 3, 6, 7). In each case the cluster ion is composed of a fully reduced cyclic {MV6N6O18} (M = Li, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) framework decorated with six triethanolamine ligands. Two arms of each triethanolamine ligand are coordi...
Factors associated with general self-efficacy and resilience among youth heads of households in Kenya

This study assesses resilience and general self-efficacy among Kenyan orphans and vulnerable children (n = 1060) active in a community-based program combining economic household strengthening with psychosocial support. Quantile regression analyses modeled associations between the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of resilience and general self-efficacy and multiple covariates. Program participation positively predicted increased general self-efficacy at all levels. Program participation predicted increased resilience at the 25th percentile but decreased resilience at the 75th percentile. Other significant predictors included economic, educational, sexual behavior and other demographic factors. This study suggests support for an integrated approach to economic and psychosocial empowerment.
Bajakajian: New Hope for Escaping Excessive Fines Under the Civil False Claims Act

Ever since the U.S. Attorney General named health care fraud as the government's second highest priority after violent crime, the government has cracked down on health care fraud and abuse. Some of this crackdown has been needed. The extreme measures taken to curb health care abuse have raised eyebrows, however. While the best solution to overzealous enforcement would be to revise the Civil False Claims Act (FCA), until that occurs, this article explores potential protection provided pursuant to the Eighth Amendment Excessive Fines Clause. Specifically, Section I of the article illustrates how a lack of adequate procedural protections, an irrational fine computation mechanism, and misplaced incentives sometimes combine to produce excessive fines against health care providers. Section II describes how the Supreme Court has wrestled with the idea of applying criminal procedural protections to civil statutes that impose large monetary fines and evaluates this approach. Section III analyzes how providers can use the United States v. Bajakajian precedent to argue for a reduction of fines under the FCA. Finally, Section IV appraises increased procedural protections and substantive review of fines as a cure for the constitutional infirmity of some large civil fines.
Development and Application of 300MW and Above 300MW Capacity CFB Boiler in Domestic Power Plant

The paper introduces the structural character and engineering application of 300 MW capacity CFB boiler including import type,domestic production type and independent production type,and then elaborates the technology character and application of 350MW、600MW capacity supercritical pressure CFB in power plant made by domestic boiler producer by independent technology.Smoothly operation of 600 MW capacity supercritical pressure CFB boiler in domestic power plant demonstrates that the engineering application of large capacity、high parameter CFB boiler in China has already been the world forefront position.
Comparative investigation of hearing injury in workers exposed to punching machine noise and to steady state noise

Objective To compare the difference of effects on hearing injury between punching machine noise and steady state noise.Methods The subjects of present study were 100 workers,included 38 workers exposed to punching machine noise from forging shops and 62 workers exposed to steady state noise from drawbench or abrasive dust workshops.The individual noise dosimetries were used to detect noise that workers exposed,and cumulative noise exposure (CNE) was then calculated.On the basis of GBZ 49-2007,the worker hearing was tested,and the results were assessed.Results There were no differences of CN E between group exposed to punching machine noise and group exposed to steady state noise.The hearing loss rate (55.3％) at high frequency in workers exposed to punching machine noise was significantly higher than that (32.3％) in workers exposed to steady state noise (P＜0.01).CNE and the hearing loss rate at high frequency showed dose-response relationship (P＜0.01).Conclusion when the exposure levels of workers were similar,the hearing injury induced by punching machine noise may be significantly higher than that induced by steady state noise. Key words: Noise, Occupation; Hearing injury; Occupational exposure
ABO blood group associations with markers of endothelial dysfunction in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Abstract Background and aims ABO blood type is associated with cardiovascular disease, although the underlying mechanisms are presumed to be complex. While the relationship between non-O blood types and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is well-established, associations with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) across diverse populations are understudied. Methods We genetically inferred ABO alleles for N = 6202 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between major ABO allele dosages and log-transformed measurements of vWF (N = 924), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin, N = 925), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin, N = 2392), and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1, N = 2236) by race/ethnicity. Results For the selectins, the A1 allele was associated with significantly lower levels for all races/ethnicities, with each additional allele resulting in a 28–39% decrease in sE-selectin and 10–18% decrease in sP-selectin relative to Type O subjects. However, the A2 allele demonstrated effect heterogeneity across race/ethnicity for sE-selectin, with lower levels for non-Hispanic whites ( p = 0.0011) but higher levels for Hispanics ( p = 0.0021). We also identified elevated sP-selectin levels for B-allele carriers solely in Hispanic participants ( p = 1.0E-04). ABO-by-race/ethnicity interactions were significant for both selectins ( p Conclusions ABO blood type demonstrates complex associations with endothelial markers that are largely generalizable across diverse populations.
Ocean Waves as a Meteorological Tool

Since ancient times seafaring men have recognized the significance of ocean waves as a sea-borne storm warning. However, their interpretation was intuitive, based upon the experience gained in a lifetime at sea.
Annotation of Operations on Composite Types

In this chapter we describe the additional features in Anna for specifying and annotating operations on arrays, records, and access objects (also sometimes called pointers for brevity). Such annotations require language features that are not available in Ada. Typically, to specify operations on composite objects, it is convenient to have expressions denoting the composite values in which only the important component values appear. The values of other components may be unknown or irrelevant. (Ada aggregates, for example, are complete composite values, and require all component values to be given.) Array states and record states are introduced in Anna for this purpose.
Defeat is the only bad news: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931

Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 2011, xxxvii + 306 pp. Few historians and observers of Rwanda are as recognizable as the late Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges (194...
Low leakage current metamorphic InGaAs/InP DHBTs with f/sub /spl tau// and f/sub max/ > 268 GHz on a GaAs substrate

Metamorphic InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47//InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (mHBT) were grown and fabricated. And f/sub /spl tau// and f/sub max/ of 268 and 339 GHz were measured, respectively - both records for mHBTs. The DC current gain /spl beta/ is /spl ap/ 35 and V/sub BR,CEO/ = 5.7 V. The collector leakage current I/sub cbo/ is 90 pA at V/sub cb/ = 0.3 V. A 70 nm SiO/sub 2/ dielectric sidewall was deposited on the emitter contact to permit a longer InP emitter wet etch and increase device yield. The metamorphic buffer layer is InP - employed because of its high thermal conductivity for minimum device thermal resistance.
Brief Report: Diminished Gaze Preference for Dynamic Social Interaction Scenes in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

In this study, we present an eye-tracking paradigm, adapted from previous work with toddlers, for assessing social-interaction looking preferences in youth ages 5–17 with ASD and typically-developing controls (TDC). Videos of children playing together (Social Scenes, SS) were presented side-by-side with animated geometric shapes (GS). Participants with ASD demonstrated reduced SS preferences compared to TDC, results also represented continuously by associations between higher SS preferences and fewer social difficulties across the combined sample. Exploratory analyses identified associations between increased SS preferences and higher Vineland Daily Living Skills in ASD and suggested SS preferences in TDC females might drive ASD versus TDC between-group differences. These findings describe potentially sex-linked couplings between preferences for social information and social functioning in school-aged children.
Sparse Blocked Equation Solving Techniques in Boundary Element Analysis

Multi-zone boundary element analysis (BEA) is known to produce overall system matrices with a sparse blocked character. Recent advancements in the direct and iterative solution of these special sets of algebraic equations are discussed. Static condensation is shown to dramatically reduce the computational burden associated with matrix fill-in during both the direct matrix factorization step and the subsequent forward reduction and backward substitution process for multiply connected BEA models. Preconditioned block iterative unsymmetric equation solution schemes are shown to generally out-perform direct approaches for single- and multi-zone models. Plots of matrix populations associated with multi-zone BEA models are depicted to aid in the explanation of the impact of preconditioning on the convergence of the iterative methods. Numerical examples are given with timing, storage, and accuracy statistics presented. A relatively extensive literature survey is given to help provide a general characterization of the state of the art in equation solving for BEA.
U-Pb AGES OF ZIRCONS FROM THE GRÃO-PARÁ GROUP AND SERRA DOS CARAJÁS GRANITE, PARÁ, BRAZIL

Zircons collected from weathered rhyolites in the lower metavolcanic sequence of the Grao-Para Group yield a U-Pb upper lntercept age of 2,758 ± Ma. The zircons show no sign of a premagmatic history, and the age is interpreted as the age of volcanism. This Archean agels within the calculated uncertainty of a Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age for interstratified basalts, reported separately. The U-Pb age is the first indication that the Grao-Para Group, including the Carajas Formation iron deposits, is Archean, much older than previously thought. Zircons were also collected from weathered Serra dos Carajas .Granite adjacent to the quarry near Serra Norte. These yield a U-Pb age of 1,820 ± 49 Ma, which agrees well with previously published age determinations for the granite, and for the Uatuma Supergroup volcanic and shallow plutonic rocks that occur throughout the Amazonian Craton. Zircons from both the Grâo-Para rhyolite and Carajas Granite show evidence for a single stage loss of radiogenic lead, possibly due to dilatancy during Mesozoic uplift of the region. All of the zircons were panned from saprolites, and most exhibit well-defined crystal forms. Tropical weathering is an asset to the collection and field concentration of zircons, and our results confirm that standard U-Pb dating techniques can be successfully applied in deeply-weathered terranes.
Macroeconomic Policy and Sustainability

The trend in mainstream economic thought about macroeconomic policy has been towards minimalism. In the optimistic Keynesian phase of the 1960's, it was assumed that both fiscal and monetary policy were effective tools for macroeconomic management. But the influence of monetarist and New Classical critiques has led to a gradual erosion of theoretical support for activist government policy. First fiscal policy fell by the wayside, perceived as too slow and possibly counterproductive in its impacts. Then New Classical and rational expectations critiques suggested that even monetary policy was ineffective. Thus the role of government policy has been reduced to a cautious effort not to make things worse - in effect a return to an economics of laissez-faire. In contrast, a sustainability perspective implies that radical and proactive government policies are required to achieve economic development that is both socially just and ecologically sound. The path of laissez-faire leads to increasing intra- and international inequality as well as increasing environmental destruction. To some extent the course of market economies can be steered through the use of sound microeconomic policies. But the fundamental redirection required for sustainable development cannot be achieved without reorienting macroeconomic policy also. Many of the basic tenets of macroeconomic policy need to be redefined in the context of current global problems. The objectives of macroeconomic policy should include economic stabilization, distributional equity, broad social goals such as income security, education, and universal health care, and the management of economic growth. There is an increasing recognition that the achievement of social goals is essential to environmental sustainability. Regarding growth, while earlier macroeconomic theorists generally assumed that growth was good, ecological economists such as Herman Daly have suggested that growth should be limited and that a sustainable economic scale, rather than exponential growth, should be the goal of macroeconomic policy. The time is ripe for a reassessment of macroeconomic theory and policy. The goal should be to provide a theoretical basis for the reorientation of macro policy at the national and international levels, linking efforts to promote local-level sustainability and equity with "greening" and restructuring of multilateral institutions.
Assessment of Owner and Veterinarian Awareness of Equine Insulin Dysregulation and Available Treatments in Southeastern United States

Abstract Insulin dysregulation (ID) refers collectively to horses afflicted with fasting hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Although there is no current data indicating the percentage of equines afflicted with ID, it appears to be a common subject among equine enthusiasts. In order to gauge public awareness of ID in horses and its available treatments, 122 horse owners and 18 veterinarians, representing 25 states, participated in a self-administered online survey. Questions were postulated to ascertain participant's awareness of the symptoms, management techniques, current treatments and medications, and knowledge acquisition associated with ID. The study revealed more than half of participants were “moderately aware” (34%) to “very aware” (25%) of ID in horses; however, when identifying symptoms of ID, some reported symptoms of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction as those of ID. Many owners recognized current management strategies for ID; however, actual implementation strategies did not reflect standard management methods. Treatments mentioned for ID include supplements (14% of owners), thyroid supplement Thyro-L (13% and 72%), and pergolide/Prascend (21% and 61%) of owners and veterinarians, respectively. Veterinarians recommended diet and exercise as their main management strategy. Both owners and veterinarians reported using published research and veterinarians as a main source of information. The findings of this survey suggest that although awareness and recognition of the condition is high, proper identification, treatment, and management of ID varies. Moreover, research addressing the efficacy of pergolide as a treatment for ID is lacking. Additional education and research is needed to address these shortcomings.
Gas-Induced Formation/Transformation of Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskites

The recently discovered gas-induced formation/transformation (GIFT) of organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) represents unprecedented phenomena. The GIFT phenomena have not only revealed surprising properties of the fascinating OIHP materials but also showed tremendous promise in various applications, including solar cells, optoelectronics, sensors, and beyond. After briefly reviewing recent progress in the exploration and understanding of GIFT, a perspective on the future research directions in this area is provided herein. Also provided is a discussion on the significance of future mechanistic studies in unraveling the rich chemistry and materials science underlying GIFT and in exploring more potential applications.
Animals in Entertainment

Summary Animals play important roles in entertainment, leisure activity, and related economic activities. Nature, predominantly animal-based tourism, generates about US$3.2 billion in Southern Africa, with free ranging wildlife-watching in Africa focusing on the big five African animals (African elephant, Cape buffalo, leopard, lion, and rhinoceros). Accredited zoos and aquariums have a significant economic impact in the USA with 165.5 million visitors and US$3.0 billion in operations expenditures supporting 85,000 jobs. The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation estimated that there were 71.8 million animal watchers in the USA. Animal shows are popular. These include livestock shows, such as the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, Houston, TX, with paid attendance of 2.4 million and a direct economic impact of US$101 million from people outside the metropolitan region. Other animal shows are dog shows, circuses, rodeos, and Mexican rodeos (charreadas) and polo. Racing is another animal-related entertainment. Attendance at horse racing is estimated at 6.0 million people in the USA and 5.6 million in the United Kingdom. Other equine events are the Olympics, World Equestrian Games, and USA Equestrian and endurance races. There are also other species raced including dogs and pigeons. Hunting, shooting, and fishing are popular leisure pursuits globally. In the USA, sportspersons spent a total of US$89.8 billion on items used for hunting and/or fishing. In the USA, there are 13.7 million adult hunters; these hunting big game (e.g., deer, elk, wild turkey, and bear). Shooting sports contribute £2 billion (∼$3 billion) to the UK economy with 2 million hectares (4.9 million acres) actively managed for conservation. Trophy hunting in Southern and East Africa generates an impact of US$201 million per year. Angling is popular in the USA with one in seven people participating. Recreational fishing in Scotland is a major source of tourism with anglers contributing £113 million ($158 million) to the Scottish economy. There are forms of animal entertainment that are viewed as historical and/or cultural and/or illegal. Examples include bull fighting and cock fighting. The relationship between animals and human behaviors range from positive, such as therapy animals, to high rates of cruelty to animals in violent criminals.
Expression and functional analysis of PGRMC1 in breast cancer

5178 Background: In a proteomic screening approach we identified progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) as a protein upregulated in frozen ER-negative breast cancer tissue samples making PGRMC1 a potential therapeutic target. PGRMC1 is a 28kDa protein consisting of 194 amino acids and belongs to the “membrane-associated progesterone receptor” (MAPR) protein family. Aim: The aim of this project is to characterize the potential biological function of PGRMC1 and its expression in breast cancer. Material and Methods: Structure analysis was performed (http://scansite.mit.edu/motifscan_id.phtml) under high and medium stringency to identify protein motifs predicted for PGRMC1. Based on these predicted motifs PGRMC1-variants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were stably transfected with the corresponding expression plasmids. Several PGRMC1-specific hybridoma were generated and tested by western blot analysis. Multiple immune fluorescence for PGRMC1, estrogen receptor alpha and the hypoxia marker glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) was applied to label tissue microarrays containing different breast cancer specimen. Additionally, posttranslational modification of PGRMC1 was investigated by phosphatase treatment of tissue lysates. Functional analysis was performed by stimulating transfected MCF-7 cells with a membrane-impermeable pro-gesterone:BSA:fluoresceinisothiocyanate conjugate followed by analysis of cell proliferation by measuring the cellular ATP content. Results: PGRMC1 contains a cytochrome b5 domain and several protein interaction domains making it a possible signalling adaptor protein. Further, PGRMC1 is posttranslationally modified. Stimulation of PGRMC1 expressing MCF-7 cells resulted in an increased proliferation compared to control cells grown in growth factor and hormone reduced medium. Western blot analysis of hybridoma produced a PGRMC1-specific signal at the predicted molecular weight of 28 kDa which is not detected after preincubation of the hybridoma with recombinant PGRMC1 protein. In immune fluorescence analysis of breast cancer tissue sections presumably myoepithelial cells were highly positive for PGRMC1. Besides that PGRMC1 expression was upregulated in Glut1 positive, hypoxic areas in ductal carcinoma in situ of comedo type. Conclusion: These data indicate that PGRMC1 is expressed in breast cancer and might functionally play a role in cell proliferation. Further determination of the so far poorly defined role of PGRMC1 in cancer biology could prove to be of great relevance to clinical cancer therapists.
On the use of burst buffers for accelerating data-intensive scientific workflows

Science applications frequently produce and consume large volumes of data, but delivering this data to and from compute resources can be challenging, as parallel file system performance is not keeping up with compute and memory performance. To mitigate this I/O bottleneck, some systems have deployed burst buffers, but their impact on performance for real-world workflow applications is not always clear. In this paper, we examine the impact of burst buffers through the remote-shared, allocatable burst buffers on the Cori system at NERSC. By running a subset of the SCEC CyberShake workflow, a production seismic hazard analysis workflow, we find that using burst buffers offers read and write improvements of about an order of magnitude, and these improvements lead to increased job performance, even for long-running CPU-bound jobs.
Natural tissue concentrations in adult Ambystoma maculatum and larval DNA damage from exposure to arsenic and chromium.

Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) are two contaminants that are detected in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Using the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, to assess impacts from these contaminan...
An Optimal Quality Control Design for a Single-Product Serial Manufacturing System

The design of optimal, interrelated single sampling plans, manufacturing process quality level, and incoming quality level is considered for a single product manufacturing system. Cost components of the system are identified. A mathematical model is dev..
A Cognitive-Consistency Based Model of Population Wide Attitude Change

Attitudes are an important component in human decision making. We focus on developing a model of attitude diffusion across people that includes social and cognitive factors. We will describe the model and the underlying theories that support its elements. Our results focus on better understanding the resiliency of attitudes—how long does it take for attitudes to change and what do they change to?
Effect of suicide substrate on the metabolism of steroids and xenobiotics and on cytochrome P-450 apoproteins.

Xenobiotic administration can significantly alter forms of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. Individual forms of cytochrome P-450 are known to be increased by agents, such as phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, β-naphthoflavone and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile1–3. Certain chemicals decrease the levels of these isoenzymes by modulating the heme biosynthetic pathway and, thereby, affect the availability of heme and the amount of hepatic cytochrome P-450, e.g. cobaltous chloride4,5. Some agents can act as suicide substrates (i.e., mechanism-based inhibitors) for one or more cytochrome P-450 forms and, thereby, promote catabolic destruction of these cytochrome P-450 species6,7. Derivatives of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) interact rapidly with cytochrome P-450, promote the rapid destruction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and lead to the generation in vivo of N-alkyl protoporphyrins which, in turn, inhibit the activity of mitochondrial ferrochelatase, the enzyme catalyzing the last step in heme biosynthesis8–11. The result is a decreased total hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 level and a marked hepatic porphyria12,13.
The Paleontological Significance of Trace Fossils

Trace fossils grade imperceptibly into body fossils; indeed, in some cases the two are difficult to distinguish. Although in most instances the organism responsible for a given trace is impossible to identify, trace fossil studies still can add much to our knowledge of the fossil record. Trace fossils provide rudimentary evidence for the morphology of the tracemakers, but the greatest contribution by traces is their demonstration of behavior patterns among extinct organisms. Trilobites and their traces are an excellent example, especially concerning modes of feeding, locomotio and protection. The contribution of ichnology to the general field of evolution is also important as it pertains to phyletic rates within the Metazoa, particularly during late Precambrian time.
Estimating saturation magnetization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in liquid phase

Abstract Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs), with unique physical and magnetic properties that differentiate them from their bulk magnetic materials, have been widely studied for potential applications in biomedical areas. With proper surface chemical functionalization, SPMNPs have found their applications in magnetic hyperthermia therapy, magnetic bioassays, drug delivery, magnetic manipulation, etc. These applications require elaborate tuning of the physical and magnetic properties of the SPMNPs such as saturation magnetization M s and magnetic core size D . In this work, we present a search coil-based method to directly characterize the M s of SPMNPs in the liquid phase. The nonlinear magnetic responses of SPMNPs under oscillating magnetic fields are exploited and the induced harmonic signals are used to analyze their M s and D . Different combinations of M s and D are assumed and their harmonic ratios R are summarized. Curve fitting shows that the harmonic ratio R = 0.74 + 2.85 × 10 9 ∙ D - 4.41 ∙ M s - 1.44 , with the coefficient of determination R-square = 0.98.
Mechanics of electrophoresis-induced reversible hydrogel adhesion

Abstract Adhesion of soft materials is a double-edged sword that can induce both advantages and disadvantages. On-demand control of the adhesion of soft materials with external stimuli is naturally desirable. Electrophoresis-induced hydrogel adhesion is such a technology that induces electrically-triggered reversible adhesion and may be useful for various engineering applications. Despite the potential, the detailed mechanism is still elusive. Here, we establish an analytical theory framework to model the electrophoresis-induced reversible adhesion. We consider that during the electrophoresis process, free charged chains are driven by the electric field to move across the interface to interpenetrate into the respective material matrix, and form weak ionic bonds with chains with opposite charges. We model the interpenetration of the charged polymer chains as an electrically-driven diffusion-reaction process. The chain diffusion follows an electrically-driven reptation-like motion, and cationic-anionic bond formation follows a bell-like chemical reaction. We predict that the electrophoresis-induced adhesion increases with the electrophoresis time and reaches a plateau as the electrophoresis process is long enough. We theoretically study the effects of the electric force, the polymer chain length, and the chain friction coefficient on the hydrogel adhesion. We also predict that under reverse electrophoresis the hydrogel adhesion decreases with the process time. Our theoretical results agree well with the experiments for both electrophoresis-induced adhesion and adhesion releasing. We expect our theoretical model may facilitate the quantitative understanding and optimization of various methods for actively controlling the adhesion of soft materials.
THE ANCIENT EPISTOLARY COLLECTION REDUX: ‘SOCRATES’ AND CICERO IN PETRARCH'S FAM. 1.1

The introductory letter of Petrarch's collection of prose epistles (Epistolae Familiares) includes a number of traditional programmatic elements, including a dedication to his close friend Ludwig Van Kempen, a narrative describing the collection's genesis, and a defence of its style and contents, rooted in the example of Cicero's letters to Atticus, Quintus, and Brutus, which Petrarch had discovered some five years earlier. In other ways, Fam. 1.1 is an absolutely unprecedented introduction to an epistolary collection — ultimately staging within the letter a kind of ‘conversion narrative’ that transforms the yet‐uncompleted collection into an instantiation of the spiritual journey of its author.
Inhibitory role of annexin A1 in breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth

896 Annexin A1 (ANXA1) has diverse roles in apoptosis, proliferation, and in calcium-mediated and tyrosine kinase signaling. Alterations in ANXA1 expression have been described in several tumor types, including breast cancer. However, the precise role and function of ANXA1 in breast cancer have yet to be established. Our major goal was to investigate the role and function of ANXA1 in breast cancer. First, we evaluated ANXA1 expression in breast cancers with known histologic, pathologic and clinical characteristics. Immunohistochemical studies of breast cancer tissues demonstrated altered ANXA1 expression with progression of breast cancer and is consistent with some reports. ANXA1 has heterogeneous expression in benign ductal epithelial cells and prominent expression in myoepithelial cells. ANXA1 expression is maintained in the myoepithelial cells of ductal carcinoma in situ but is lost in the epithelial component of invasive ductal carcinoma. Analysis of tissue microarrays of human invasive breast tumors and corresponding axillary lymph node metastasis demonstrated loss of ANXA1 expression in 79% of breast tumors. Second, we evaluated ANXA1 function in breast cancer using cellular in vitro and mouse in vivo models. Stable overexpression of ANXA1 in breast cancer cell lines reduced cell proliferation and caused a 50% decrease in anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Stable knockdown of ANXA1 expression with small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) in breast cancer cell lines caused a two- to three-fold increase in anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and tumor growth in nude mice. In conclusion, our studies indicate that ANXA1 has a potential role in the suppression of breast cancer cell growth. Furthermore, the stable breast cancer cell lines we have developed will be useful in further characterizing the function of ANXA1 in breast cancer.
Information Technology, Marketing Practice, and Consumer Privacy: Ethical Issues:

Marketers’ use of the new information technologies has provided the opportunity for improved market segmentation and target marketing. However, the profession faces ethical conflicts because applic...
Hydrogen peroxide at the Bermuda Atlantic time Series Station. Part 1 : Temporal variability of atmospheric hydrogen peroxide and its influence on seawater concentrations

Diurnal and seasonal variations in atmospheric hydrogen peroxideconcentrations wereinvestigated during a summer and winter cruise aboard the R.V. `Endeavor' atthe BermudaAtlantic Time Series Station. Rainwater peroxide concentrations in Augustdisplayed dielvariability while no temporal H2O2 pattern was evidentin March rain. Averageconcentrations in March were also significantly lower than August whichindicates photochemicalprocesses are involved in controlling hydrogen peroxide concentrations inmarine rainwaterfalling over the open ocean. The range of gas phase hydrogen peroxideconcentrations wasbetween 1 and 6 ppbv and also exhibited a strong diurnal pattern during bothAugust and Marchwith concentration maxima in the early evening. The influence of atmosphericdeposition onsurface seawater hydrogen peroxide levels was also evaluated. Hydrogenperoxide depth profileswere measured on four separate occasions before and after rain events duringthe Augustsampling period. The input of rainfall hydrogen peroxide was observedthroughout the 25 metermixed layer with surface concentrations two fold larger in the morning aftera rain event. Theintegrated increase in hydrogen peroxide after the rain from 0 to 90 meterswas 1,720 μmolalmost all of which could be accounted for by the peroxide added from rain.The data presentedin this study represent the first detailed, simultaneous measurements ofhydrogen peroxide inmarine air, rain and surface seawater.
Entrepreneurship and Social Media: A Grounded Theory Investigation of Three New Ventures

Social media is being discussed as one of the biggest shifts in how people interact and conduct business since the Industrial Revolution. While few disagree that social media is impacting business, very few empirical studies exist to substantiate the claims of social media´s influence and none exist that investigate the role of social media in new venture creation. This paper attempts to begin a conversation about social media´s influence on new ventures through a Grounded Theory investigation of three new businesses. The three companies are engaged in different types of businesses (mobile wireless service, entertainment and consulting), have different sizes (60 employees, 7 employees, 1 employee) and operate in different countries (Spain, the United States, and Belgium), yet all attempt to engage with social media in some way. Based upon nine months of observations and several interviews, this paper describes each case in some detail and offers six themes that appear across the cases: 1) muddling through as a strategy; 2) the challenge of working ON a business versus working IN a business; 3) the importance of creating interactions between online and offline media; 4) how companies build a modular online structure; 5) the advantages of an open brand architecture; 6) positioning the business as an expert. To explain the emergence of these six themes, the study concludes by suggesting future research in three key areas that might help theorize the existence of these themes: 1) communities of practice; 2) the relationship of online and offline media; 3) the importance of a conversational model of social media.
Václav Havel at the End of the Cold War: The Invention of Post-Communist Transition in the Address to U.S. Congress, February 21, 1990

A mere three months after the peaceful Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, and less than a year after his last imprisonment under the communist regime, playwright-turned-president Vaclav Havel sto...
Ge Nanocages and Nanoparticles Via Microwave-assisted Galvanic Replacement for Energy Storage Applications

We report a systematic study on the synthesis of highly monodisperse hollow Ge nanoparticles via galvanic replacement reactions between GeI2 and Ag NPs. By fine-tuning the synthetic parameters such...
Outcomes of Hydroxychloroquine Treatment Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the United States- Real-World Evidence From a Federated Electronic Medical Record Network

On March 28, 2020, in response to the rapidly accelerating COVID-19 pandemic, U.S FDA issued emergency use authorization for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients based on limited in-vitro and anecdotal clinical data. Analysis of the accumulated real-world data utilizing electronic medical records (EMR) could indicate HCQ therapy benefits as we await the results of clinical trials. However, any such analysis of retrospective observational data should account for variables such as demographics and comorbidities that could affect treatment strategies or outcomes. Therefore, we report the outcomes of HCQ treatment in a propensity-matched cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Our analysis of a large retrospective cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ did not show benefits in mortality or the need for mechanical ventilation when compared to a matched cohort of patients who did not receive HCQ.
A Framework for Solving Chance-Constrained Linear Matrix Inequality Programs

We propose a novel partial sample average approximation (PSAA) framework to solve the two main types of chance-constrained linear matrix inequality (CCLMI) problems: CCLMI with random technology ma...
Alpha adrenergic receptor signaling in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is diminished by the chronic intermittent hypoxia model of sleep apnea

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a model for obstructive sleep apnea. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus has been suggested to contribute to CIH-induced exaggerated cardiorespiratory reflexes, sympathoexcitation and hypertension. This may occur, in part, via activation of the dense catecholaminergic projections to the PVN that originate in the brainstem. However, the contribution of norepinephrine (NE) and activation of its alpha-adrenergic receptors (α-ARs) in the PVN after CIH exposure is unknown. We hypothesized CIH would increase the contribution of catecholaminergic input. To test this notion, we determined the expression of α-AR subtypes, catecholamine terminal density, and synaptic properties of PVN parvocellular neurons in response to α-AR activation in male Sprague-Dawley normoxic (Norm) and CIH exposed rats. CIH decreased mRNA for α1d and α2b AR. Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) terminals in the PVN were similar between groups. NE and the α1-AR agonist phenylephrine (PE) increased sEPSC frequency after Norm but not CIH. Block of α1-ARs with prazosin alone did not alter sEPSCs after either Norm or CIH but did prevent agonist augmentation of sEPSC frequency following normoxia. These responses to NE were mimicked by PE during action potential block suggesting presynaptic terminal alterations in CIH. Altogether, these results demonstrate that α1-AR activation participates in neuronal responses in Norm, but are attenuated after CIH. These results may provide insight into the cardiovascular, respiratory and autonomic nervous systems alterations in obstructive sleep apnea.
The feasibility of solar assisted pyrolysis of sewer sludge and its potential for CO2 emissions reductions

Abstract This paper proposes using solar energy to facilitate pyrolysis of sewer sludge with a solar PTC (parabolic trough collector). Analysis of the proposed process resulted in predicting significant reductions in both electricity requirements and CO2 emissions over conventional methods of sewer sludge processing and disposal. The predicted CO2 reductions result from using carbon neutral pyrolysis gas to replace fossil fuels, and from energy savings associated with wastewater sludge processing. Steam was chosen as the pyrolysis medium based on availability, cost, and its lower overall energy demand. Although kinetic data is not available for sludge pyrolysis using steam, the available literature suggests that using steam is feasible and the pyrolysis kinetics may be similar, to those using nitrogen. The technical feasibility of using a solar trough collector for pyrolysis of sewer sludge was evaluated using a one-dimensional model. The model suggests that using steam as a pyrolysis medium has significant thermal benefits. The receiver tube emissivity was found to have a substantial effect on both the PTC reactor thermal efficiency and the maximum achievable pyrolysis temperature. The findings suggest that the proposed process for sewer sludge pyrolysis is technically feasible and merits further research.
Meat cookery for the 18th century female household cook: An unrecognized influence of Menon's La Cuisiniere Bourgeoise (1746)

Abstract In mid-18th Century France, the cooking and serving of meat dishes had been in decline for many years. Household cooks were invariably male and were experienced professionals serving those who could afford their expertise. In 1746, Menon, a prolific food writer, published a cook-book, “La Cuisiniere Bourgeiose”, which was specifically written for the female cook, What has not been noticed or addressed by previous authors, is the fact that the majority of recipes in this book are devoted to the cooking of meat and poultry. Within a few years of publication of the first edition, all subsequent editions carried this emphasis on meat cookery on the title pages. The book went though multiple editions attesting to its relevance and usefulness to the cooks to which it was directed. It is argued that this publication may have had a substantial influence on household meat cookery of the time.
COVID-19 clinical course and outcomes in a predominantly black, vulnerable patient population in New York City

Introduction: A study examining the impact of social determinants of health on COVID-19 outcomes is necessary to identify which aspects of a vulnerable population make it more susceptible. We describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a patient population disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and situate the findings within the broader context of health determinants. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study of 527 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized from March 12 to April 13, 2020, evaluated patient demographics, comorbidities, presentation, and outcomes. The study took place at an academic medical center serving a low-income, Black community (predominantly Caribbean-born) in Brooklyn, New York. Results: Compared to previous studies, we report a higher median age of 70 (interquartile range 59–80), a higher percentage of Blacks (91%), a higher prevalence of comorbidities (hypertension [83%], diabetes [53%], and obesity [42%]), a higher prevalence of abnormal findings on presentation (altered mental status [30%], Quick sequential organ failure assessment score ≥2 [27%], elevated random-glucose [77%], elevated creatinine [57%]), and a higher incidence of negative in-hospital outcomes (intensive care unit admission [21%], mechanical ventilation [21%], acute kidney injury [31%], acute respiratory distress syndrome [17%] and acute cardiac injury [18%], and age-adjusted fatality rate [40%.]). Conclusions: This study shows the characteristics of a patient population disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. The intersectionality of the Black race, older age, a high prevalence of comorbidities, and residency in a locale severely affected by COVID-19, deserves further consideration to better address health outcomes in vulnerable patient groups. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Practice-based learning and improvement, Patient care and Procedural skills, Systems-based practice.
Radiosynthesis of Kappa Opioid Receptor Radioligand [11C]LY2795050, via In-loop [11C]Carbonylation Chemistry

1454 Objectives: KOR antagonist [11C]LY2795050is the preferred radiotracer for PET imaging of kappa receptors owing to its high affinity (in vitro Ki = 0.72 nM; in vivoKd = 0.028 nM) and good selectivity (μ/κ = 11; δ/κ = 132). [11C]LY2795050 was previously synthesized by our group in 2 steps [1]. The objective of the present study was to develop an improved route for the synthesis of [11C]LY2795050 [2] through [11C]CO insertion chemistry. Methods: Carbon-11 was produced via 14N(p,α)11C nuclear reaction to generate [11C]CO2 which was trapped on a molecular sieve column at room temperature. The accumulated [11C]CO2 was released into a controlled stream of helium (50 ml/min) while heating the molecular sieve trap to 360°C. The [11C]CO2 was passed through a heated molybdenum column (850 oC) to produce [11C]CO. [11C]CO was concentrated in a silica trap immersed in liquid nitrogen (‐196°C) and then released in a stream of Helium (3 mL/min) into a stainless steel HPLC loop pre-loaded with a mixture of all reactants. The loop was sealed for 5 min at room temperature for the 11C‐carbonylation reaction. Results: The synthesis was attempted using Pd2[π‐cinnamyl]Cl2, xantphos and iodoprecursor 1 by dissolving in anhydrous THF and then completely drying with a stream of nitrogen. 200 μL of THF and NH3 (0.5 M in THF) was added and the resulting mixture was introduced into the HPLC loop approximately 2 min prior to start of synthesis. This method resulted in the synthesis of [11C]LY2795050 in near quantitative yields. Conclusions: The present method provided a simple approach to synthesize [11C]LY2795050 in one pot and near quantitative yield. Further optimizations to automate the synthesis of [11C]LY2795050 for clinical use are in progress and will be reported in due course.References: [1] L. Yang, A. F. Brooks, K. J. Makaravage, H. Zhang, M. S. Sanford, Peter J. H. Scott, X. Shao, ACS Med. Chem. Lett.2018, 9, 1274-1279.[2] M. Ferrat, K. Dahl, C. Halldin, M. Schou, J Label Compd Radiopharm. 2020, 63, 100-107.