cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hsa-miR-133a on breast cancer cell invasion and migration potential

Purpose To investigate the effect of miR-133a on breast cancer cell invasion,migration and proliferating potential,and to explore its possible targets and mechanism.Methods Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were transfected with Hsa-miR-133a inhibitors by Lipofectamine to reduce the activity of miR-133a.MCF-7 cells transfected with inhibitor negative control(inhibitor NC) were cultured as negative control.Cell proliferation and invasion potential were evaluated by MTS kit and transwell invasion assay.Cell migrating ability of MCF-7 was detected by transwell migration assay and wound-healing assay.Then the possible target genes of miR-133a were forecasted by bioinformatics tools,and the function of these genes was analyzed.Results Cells transfected with miR-133a inhibitors revealed no significant change in growth compared to the inhibitor NC transfectants(P0.05).Remarkable enhancement of cell migration was observed in miR-133a inhibitors transfectant after the scratch(P0.05).Transfection of miR-133a inhibitors into MCF-7 cells led to a significant increase in cell invasion and migration detected by transwell invasion and migration assay(P0.01 and P0.05).The possible target genes of miR-133a were forecasted by bioinformatics tools,and part of the target genes played a biological function of promoting cell invasion,migration.Conclusions MiR-133a may negatively regulate the invasion and migration potential of breast cancer cells and may be a potential candidate target for breast cancer treatment.MiR-133a may play a function of regulation of tumor development through some target genes.
Fetal placental vascular responses to prostacyclin after angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction.

The vasodilator prostacyclin is produced by many fetal tissues and may serve to protect umbilical placental blood flow. We hypothesized that prostacyclin could reverse fetoplacental vasoconstrictio...
The CT investigation of lobulation sign in solitary pulmonary nodules

Objective To evaluate the morphology features of the margin in solitary pulmonary nodules and the roles of multi-planar reconstruction(MPR)and lobulation sign in the diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancer.Methods The margins of 137 small peripheral lung cancers and 45 benign pulmonary nodules proved histopathologically were classified 4 types.MPR was performed to show the lobulation sign in 28 lung cancers and 22 benign nodules.Likelihood ratios(LR)were used to quantify the overlap of the morphology between malignant and benign nodules.Results Type Ⅰ margin was the CT characteristic of benign nodules with the specificity of 83.3% and sensitivity of 44.4%.Type Ⅳ margin was the CT characteristic of malignant nodules with the specificity of 97.6% and sensitivity of 60.7%.The detection rate of type Ⅳ margin was 64.3% in malignant nodules on MPR images which were superior to the axial images.Conclusion The lobulation sign is useful for the CT diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules. MPR images combining with the axial images can improve the detection of lobulation sign.
Chapter 53 – Antibiotics

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the optimal approach to antibiotic treatment of exacerbations recognizing these limitations. Such an approach relies upon an accurate diagnosis of an exacerbation, including judicious application of diagnostic tests. Determining the severity of an exacerbation follows this. If antibiotics are indicated, then a risk stratification approach is described to choose an appropriate antibiotic. An increase in airway inflammation from the baseline level in a patient appears central to the pathogenesis of most acute exacerbations. Airway inflammation measured in induced or expectorated sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial biopsy has revealed that increased inflammation accompanies exacerbations and resolves with treatment. Potential pathogens in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations include typical respiratory bacterial pathogens, respiratory viruses, and atypical bacteria. The current model of bacterial exacerbation pathogenesis involves both host and pathogen factors. Acquisition of strains of bacterial pathogens that are new to the host from the environment is the primary event that puts the patient with COPD at risk for an exacerbation. The traditional aims of treatment of an exacerbation are improvement in clinical status and the prevention of complications. The role of antibiotics in the treatment of COPD exacerbations has been a matter of controversy. Even more contentious has been the issue whether antibiotic choice is relevant to clinical outcome of exacerbations. Recommendations for antibiotic use among published guidelines are inconsistent.
A Designer's Rationale for Nanoelectronic Hardware Security Primitives

A variety of hardware security primitives have been developed in recent years, aimed at mitigating issues such as integrated circuit (IC) piracy, counterfeiting, and side-channel analysis. For example, a popular security primitive for mitigating such hardware security vulnerabilities is the physical unclonable function (PUF) which provides hardware specific unique identification based on intrinsic process variations in individual integrated circuit implementations. At the same time, as technology scaling progresses further into the nanometer region, emerging nanoelectronic technologies are becoming viable options for many next-generation computing technologies. At the intersection between nanoelectronics and security, several examples of nano-enabled security primitives have been proposed in the last few years. In this paper, we consider a few examples of nanoelectronic security in the context of how such nanoscale technologies impact power, area and delay as compared to conventional CMOS-based approaches. Our analyses show that leveraging novel nanoelectronic technologies not only provide area benefits but also energy-efficient solutions that enable security with a small footprint.
Multisensor change detection on the basis of big time‐series data and Dempster‐Shafer theory

Summary With the proliferation of the Internet of Things, numerous sensors are deployed to monitor a phenomenon that in many cases can be modeled by an underlying stochastic process. The goal is to detect change in the process with tolerable false alarm rate. In practice, sensors may have different accuracy and sensitivity range, or they decay along time. As a result, the sensed data will contain uncertainties and sometimes they are conflicting. In this study, we propose a novel framework to take advantage of Dempster-Shafer theory's capability of representation of uncertainty to detect change and effectively deal with complementary hypotheses. Specifically, Kullback-Leibler divergence is used as the metric to find the distances between the estimated distribution with the before and after change distributions. Mass functions are calculated on the basis of those distance values for each sensor independently, and Dempster-Shafer combination rule is applied to combine the mass values among all sensors. In the case of high conflict in various sensor readings, Dezert-Smarandache combination rule is applied, and the belief, plausibility, and pignistic probability are obtained for decision making. Simulation results using both synthetic data and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Respin: Rethinking Near-Threshold Multiprocessor Design with Non-volatile Memory

Near-threshold computing is emerging as a promising energy-efficient alternative for power-constrained environments. Unfortunately, aggressive reduction in supply voltage to the near-threshold range, albeit effective, faces a host of challenges. This includes higher relative leakage power and high error rates, particularly in dense SRAM structures such as on-chip caches. This paper presents an architecture that rethinks the cache hierarchy in near-threshold multiprocessors. Our design uses STT-RAM to implement all on-chip caches. STT-RAM has several advantages over SRAM at low voltages including low leakage, high density, and reliability. The design consolidates the private caches of near-threshold cores into shared L1 instruction/data caches organized in clusters. We find that our consolidated cache design can service more than 95% of incoming requests within a single cycle. We demonstrate that eliminating the coherence traffic associated with private caches results in a performance boost of 11%. In addition, we propose a hardware-based core management system that dynamically consolidates virtual cores into variable numbers of physical cores to increase resource efficiency. We demonstrate that this approach can save up to 33% in energy.
Model validation for fast-neutron coded aperture quantitative imaging

Radiation imaging systems provide a wealth of information for analyzing quantities of interest (enumeration, strength, dimensions) of an uncharacterized source. This capability is useful, for example, when measuring plutonium powder “held up” in unknown locations at reprocessing facilities. Accurate models of the imager are required to infer the quantity of interest. This paper describes the modeling of a fast-neutron coded aperture imager. The model consists of two components: a forward model (to predict counts from a known source distribution) and a set of covariance models (to predict prediction–experiment residuals). The models are calibrated and cross-validated using 15 measurements of a californium-252 neutron source. The cross-validation results suggest that the models are imperfect but can be used for source-intensity inference.
Segregation of Native Defects to the Grain Boundaries in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite.

Native point and grain boundary (GB) defects are ubiquitous in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) sensitizers employed in solar cells that are polycrystalline in nature. Here we use density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with a thermodynamic approach to determine the stability and electronic properties of all native point defects and their interplays with Σ5-(210) GB in MAPbI3. The transition levels of charged defects are investigated with inclusion of electrostatic charge corrections and spin–orbit coupling. We find that the GB region is a sink for most of the native point defects under different synthesis conditions. For the crystalline and bicrystalline MAPbI3 with Σ5-(210) GB, we find respectively that the p-type antisite defects MAI and PbI, where I substitutes for MA or Pb, introduce deep levels, and both are relatively stable under I-rich conditions. Hence, I-poor conditions are more preferable for synthesis of MAPbI3 to have defects with electronically benign character.
Building an integrated simulation environment for modeling traffic management interactions

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is funding and encouraging new concepts for improving air traffic flow management (TFM) decision-making. The resulting automation capabilities will need to be operationally integrated into the existing air traffic management (ATM) system. Understanding how a new capability will interact with existing system components is challenging because of the range of possible real-world situations, which must be handled by the ATM system. Although there are fast-time traffic simulation tools available for modeling the impact of TFM actions, they are often developed as stand-alone tools, which are not extensible or flexible to work in concert with other advanced TFM capabilities for conducting integration studies or quantifying benefits. To address this gap, we have built a fast-time, distributed simulation platform integrating state-of-the-art traffic simulator and allows the plug-in of advanced TFM prototypes - or other experimental capabilities that already exist - so their interactions can be studied. In this paper, we discuss the requirements and the necessary components for building this platform, which requires an architecture that is flexible enough to support many different configurations of modeling tools and applications. We then use a TFM integration case study to demonstrate the utility of the platform. We show, with only minor effort, a proposed TFM prototype can be plugged into the platform and its benefits can be evaluated.
Role of mucins in lung homeostasis: regulated expression and biosynthesis in health and disease

In humans and mice, the first line of innate defense against inhaled pathogens and particles in the respiratory tract is airway mucus. The primary solid components of the mucus layer are the mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B, polymeric glycoproteins whose changes in abundance and structure can dramatically affect airway defense. Accordingly, MUC5AC/Muc5ac and MUC5B/Muc5b are tightly regulated at a transcriptional level by tissue-specific transcription factors in homeostasis and in response to injurious and inflammatory triggers. In addition to modulated levels of mucin gene transcription, translational and post-translational biosynthetic processes also exert significant influence upon mucin function. Mucins are massive macromolecules with numerous functional domains that contribute to their structural composition and biophysical properties. Single MUC5AC and MUC5B apoproteins have molecular masses of >400 kDa, and von Willebrand factor D-like as well as other cysteine-rich domain segments contribute to mucin polymerization and flexibility, thus increasing apoprotein length and complexity. Additional domains serve as sites for O-glycosylation, which increase further mucin mass several-fold. Glycosylation is a defining process for mucins that is specific with respect to additions of glycans to mucin apoprotein backbones, and glycan additions influence the physical properties of the mucins via structural modifications as well as charge interactions. Ultimately, through their tight regulation and complex assembly, airway mucins follow the biological rule of ‘form fits function’ in that their structural organization influences their role in lung homeostatic mechanisms.
An FPGA System for Detecting Malicious DNS Network Traffic

Billions of legitimate packets traverse computer networks every day. Unfortunately, malicious traffic also traverses these same networks. An example is traffic that abuses the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol to exfiltrate sensitive data, establish backdoor tunnels or control botnets. This paper describes the TRAPP-2 system, an extended version of the Tracking and Analysis for Peer-to-Peer (TRAPP) system, which detects BitTorrent and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) traffic. TRAPP-2 is designed to detect a DNS packet, extract the packet payload, compare the data against a hash list and, if the packet is suspicious, log it for future analysis. Results show that the TRAPP-2 system captures 91.89% of DNS packets of interest under a 93.7% network load (937 Mbps). Also, as the hash list size is increased from 1,000 to 131,072,000 unique items, each doubling of the hash list size results in a mean increase of approximately 16 CPU cycles. These results demonstrate the ability of TRAPP-2 to detect traffic of interest under a saturated network load while maintaining large hash lists.
TRPC2: molecular biology and functional importance.

TRPC (canonical transient receptor potential) channels are the closest mammalian homologs of Drosophila TRP and TRP-like channels. TRPCs are rather nonselective Ca2+ permeable cation channels and affect cell functions through their ability to mediate Ca2+ entry into cells and their action to collapse the plasma membrane potentials. In neurons the latter function leads to action potentials. The mammalian genome codes for seven TRPCs of which TRPC2 is the largest with the most restricted pattern of expression and has several alternatively spliced variants. Expressed in model cells, TRPC2 mediates both receptor- and store depletion-triggered Ca2+ entry. TRPC2 is unique among TRPCs in that its complete gene has been lost from the Old World monkey and human genomes, in which its remnants constitute a pseudogene. Physiological roles for TRPC2 have been studied in mature sperm and the vomeronasal sensory system. In sperm, TRPC2 is activated by the sperm’s interaction with the oocyte’s zona pellucida, leading to entry of Ca2+ and activation of the acrosome reaction. In the vomeronasal sensory organ (VNO), TRPC2 was found to constitute the transduction channel activated through signaling cascade initiated by the interaction of pheromones with V1R and V2R G protein-coupled receptors on the dendrites of the sensory neurons. V1Rs and V2Rs, the latter working in conjunction with class I MHC molecules, activate Gi- and Go-type G proteins which in turn trigger activation of TRPC2, initiating an axon potential that travels to the axonal terminals. The signal is then projected to the glomeruli of the auxiliary olfactory bulb from where it is carried first to the amygdala and then to higher cortical cognition centers. Immunocytochemistry and gene deletion studies have shown that (1) the V2R-Go-MHCIb-β2m pathway mediates male aggressive behavior in response to pheromones; (2) the V1R-Gi2 pathway mediates mating partner recognition, and (3) these differences have an anatomical correlate in that these functional components are located in anatomically distinct compartments of the VNO. Interestingly, these anatomically segregated signaling pathways use a common transduction channel, TRPC2.
Managed care and the future of primary care for adults with mental retardation

The purpose of this article is to call attention to some potential changes in the delivery of medical services resulting from the spread of managed care forms of health care delivery that may adversely affect the well-being of adults with mental retardation.
Future Antenna Miniaturization Mechanism: Magnetoelectric Antennas

Antenna miniaturization is one of the fundamental challenges for decades [1]. Conventional small antennas use electric current for radiation which relies on electromagnetic wave resonance that leads to antenna sizes comparable to the electromagnetic wavelength λ 0 . In 2017, we demonstrated a new antenna miniaturization mechanism [2] that acoustically actuated nanome-chanical magnetoelectric (ME) antennas with a released ferromagnetic / piezoelectric thin film resonator could successfully miniaturize the magnitude of 1–2 orders. Here we discuss the ME antenna theory and further design to enhance the antenna gain and bandwidth with series and parallel antenna arrays. These nano-antennas with ultra-high sensitivity, selectivity of the magnetic field and ground plane immunity have great potential applications for bio-implantable, wearable antennas, internet of things, etc.
Retention and Treatment Outcome of Youth with Cannabis Use Disorder Referred By the Legal System

Background Youth with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) referred to treatment from the Juvenile Justice System (JJS) account for approximately half of the treatment admissions nationwide. The objective of this paper is to report a comparison of retention and outcomes for JJS referrals to those from the general community. Methods A total of 172 adolescents, 13-18 years of age, 83% males, 70% JJS referrals, diagnosed with DSM-IV Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), enrolled in this outpatient, randomized, continued care study. Following a 7-session weekly motivational enhancement and cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (MET/CBT-7), only poor responders were randomized into a 10-week second phase of either an individualized enhanced CBT or an Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (ACRA) intervention. Results JJS referrals' retention rates were significantly higher than those of non-JJS referrals (X2 (1) = 11.21, p < .01) at the end of Phase I (i.e. week 7). However, there was no difference in abstinence rates between the groups at the end of phase I or II and any of the quarterly additional follow-up assessments up to one year from treatment onset. Conclusions Additional research examining how to capitalize on improved retention rates among youth JJS referrals is necessary in order to advance abstinence.
Continuous on-sun solar thermochemical hydrogen production via an isothermal redox cycle

Abstract Solar thermochemical hydrogen production from water is a path towards a carbon-free sustainable hydrogen economy. Here, isothermal on-sun hydrogen production is demonstrated using active iron aluminate (hercynite) particles contained in dual fluidized bed reactors. The two fluidized beds were held in a single cavity solar receiver that was heated with a 10 kW high flux solar furnace. During 8 h of on-sun testing, 5.3 L of H2 were generated with an average productivity of 597 µmol H2/g using an intermittent process with optimized redox cycle times. Redox cycling was performed isothermally and continuously with equivalent oxidation and reduction times producing 547 µmol H2/g over two cycles. These results show excellent agreement with the H2 production measured in an 800X scaled-down electrically heated laboratory stagnation flow reactor and surpass on-sun H2 production of current benchmark materials. The effect of environmental variability on the incident solar radiation and hydrogen production is evaluated during on-sun testing. Finally, a discussion of the important factors for scalability of the process to commercial applications is provided, highlighting the importance of robust containment and active materials. This work links current materials research and development with commercial implementation in an on-sun process and demonstrates the viability of solar thermochemical hydrogen production that leverages continuous isothermal redox cycling.
“Vive el Sol, / si Dios le debo llamar”. La conversión de un príncipe en Los mártires del Japón de Lope de Vega

En este articulo se examina la conversion del principe Tayco al cristianismo en la comedia de santos Los martires del Japon de Lope de Vega y la creacion del misionero Alonso de Navarrete como personaje teatral. Lope representa a Tayco como un joven que aprende a ser rey y a aceptar la fe catolica tomando a Navarrete como modelo. La caracterizacion de los japoneses sirve para que el publico pueda identificarse con los personajes como, al tiempo que propone la cristianizacion de Japon.
Memory system characterization of deep learning workloads

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as the prevalent approach for implementing learning tasks in many application domains. As DNN models become increasingly complex, the large amount of data generated during network computations exerts substantial pressure on the capacity and bandwidth of the memory subsystem. Consequently, memory hierarchy is quickly becoming a major bottleneck for DNN performance scaling.Optimizing the memory subsystem for DNN workloads requires a detailed understanding of the memory access behavior and the complex interactions between the processor and the memory hierarchy. Unfortunately, most of the existing memory profiling studies for DNNs rely either on high level software understanding of individual DNN layers or on analytical models. These approaches do not capture the complex feedback loop between the processor and the memory subsystem. To address this challenge, we have developed a simulation infrastructure, DLsim, which carries out detailed memory profiling of DNN workloads in a full-system simulation environment. In this paper, we report the key findings from our memory characterization analysis of five popular DNNs implemented in the widely used TensorFlow framework. Based on these findings, we identify multiple memory system optimization opportunities tailored for DNNs.
Potatoes as a Crop for Space Life Support: Effect of CO2, Irradiance, and Photoperiod on Leaf Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) have been suggested as a candidate crop for future space missions, based on their high yields of nutritious tubers and high harvest index. Three cultivars of potato, cvs. Norland, Russet Burbank, and Denali were grown in walk-in growth rooms at 400 and 800 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), 12-h L/12-h D and 24-h L/0 h D photoperiods, and 350 and 1,000 ppm [CO2]. Net photosynthetic rates (Pnet) and stomatal conductance (gs) of upper canopy leaves were measured at weekly intervals from 3 through 12 weeks after planting. Increased PPF resulted in increased Pnet rates at both [CO2] levels and both photoperiods, but the effect was most pronounced under the 12-h photoperiod. Increased [CO2] increased Pnet for both PPFs under the 12-h photoperiod, but decreased Pnet under the 24-h photoperiod. Increased PPF increased gs for both [CO2] levels and both photoperiods. Increased [CO2] decreased gs for both PPFs for the 12-h photoperiod, but caused only a slight decrease under the 24-h photoperiod. Leaf Pnet rates were highest with high PPF (800), elevated [CO2] (1,000), and a 12-h photoperiod, while growing the plants under continuous (24-h) light resulted in lower leaf photosynthetic rates for all combinations of PPF and [CO2]. The responses of leaf photosynthetic rates are generally consistent with prior published data on the plant biomass from these same studies (Wheeler et al., Crop Sci. 1991) and suggest that giving more light with a 24-h photoperiod can increase biomass in some cases, but the leaf Pnet and overall photosynthetic efficiency drops.
Fast Hosting Capacity Analysis Considering Over-Voltage Criteria and Impact of Regulating Devices

In order to safely integrate solar PV in distribution systems, it is necessary to determine the impact of their power injections on the circuit voltages and other constraints. Previous work has established that the voltage magnitude has a quasi-linear relationship with the load and solar PV power injections. Operation of voltage regulation equipment within the feeder causes the bus voltages to be confined within discrete manifolds. This paper leverages the linearity of these discrete manifolds to compute the over-voltage hosting capacity (HC) in an accurate manner, by solving only a small number of nonlinear AC power flows. The accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated on the standard IEEE 123 bus test circuit.
Nutrition care practice patterns for patients with COVID-19-A preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a respiratory virus that poses risks to the nutrition status and survival of infected patients, yet there is paucity of data to inform evidence-based quality care. METHODS: We collected data on the nutrition care provided to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). RESULTS: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients (N = 101) in this cohort were older adults and had elevated body mass index. The most frequent nutrition problems were inadequate oral intake (46.7%), inadequate energy intake (18.9%), and malnutrition (18.4%). These problems were managed predominantly with enteral nutrition, food supplements, and multivitamin-multimineral supplement therapy. Over 90% of documented problems required a follow-up. CONCLUSION: This data set is the first of its kind to report on the types of nutrition diagnoses and interventions for COVID-19 cases used by RDNs and highlights the need for increased and continued nutrition care.
Copper(II) Ketimides in sp3 C-H Amination

Commercialy available benzphenone imine (HN=CPh2) reacts with β-diketiminato copper(II) tert-butoxide complexes [CuII]-OtBu to form isolable copper(II) ketimides [CuII]-N=CPh2. Structural characterization of the three coordinate copper(II) ketimide [Me3NN]Cu-N=CPh2 reveals a short Cu-Nketimide distance (1.700(2) A) with a nearly linear Cu-N-C linkage (178.9(2)°). Copper(II) ketimides [CuII]-N=CPh2 readily capture alkyl radicals R• (PhCH(•)Me and Cy•) to form the corresponding R-N=CPh2 products in a process that competes with N-N coupling of copper(II) ketimides [CuII]-N=CPh2 to form the azine Ph2C=N-N=CPh2. Copper(II) ketimides [CuII]-N=CAr2 serve as intermediates in catalytic sp3 C-H amination of substrates R-H with ketimines HN=CAr2 and tBuOOtBu as oxidant to form N-alkyl ketimines R-N=CAr2. This protocol enables the use of unactivated sp3 C-H bonds to give R-N=CAr2 products easily converted to primary amines R-NH2 via simple acidic deprotection.
Evaluating List Intersection on SSDs for Parallel I/O Skipping

List intersection is at the core of information retrieval systems. Existing disk-based intersection algorithms were optimized for hard disk drives (HDDs) since HDDs have dominated the storage market for decades. In particular, those HDD-centric algorithms read every relevant list entirely to memory to minimize expensive random reads by performing sequential reads, although many entries in the list may be useless. Such a tradeoff makes perfect sense on HDDs, because random reads are one to two orders of magnitude slower than sequential reads. However, fast solid state drives (SSDs) have changed this landscape by improving random I/O performance dramatically. More importantly, they are manufactured with multiple flash channels to support parallel I/Os. As a result, the performance gap between random and sequential reads becomes very small on SSDs. This means that HDD-optimized intersection algorithms might not be suitable on SSDs because the total amount of data accessed is unnecessarily high.To understand the impact of SSDs to list intersection, in this work, we tune existing in-memory intersection algorithms to be SSD-aware with the idea of parallel I/O skipping, and experimentally evaluate them on synthetic and real datasets. The results provide insights on how to design efficient SSD-optimized intersection algorithms.
On Robustness of Lane Detection Models to Physical-World Adversarial Attacks in Autonomous Driving.

After the 2017 TuSimple Lane Detection Challenge, its evaluation based on accuracy and F1 score has become the de facto standard to measure the performance of lane detection methods. In this work, we conduct the first large-scale empirical study to evaluate the robustness of state-of-the-art lane detection methods under physical-world adversarial attacks in autonomous driving. We evaluate 4 major types of lane detection approaches with the conventional evaluation and end-to-end evaluation in autonomous driving scenarios and then discuss the security proprieties of each lane detection model. We demonstrate that the conventional evaluation fails to reflect the robustness in end-to-end autonomous driving scenarios. Our results show that the most robust model on the conventional metrics is the least robust in the end-to-end evaluation. Although the competition dataset and its metrics have played a substantial role in developing performant lane detection methods along with the rapid development of deep neural networks, the conventional evaluation is becoming obsolete and the gap between the metrics and practicality is critical. We hope that our study will help the community make further progress in building a more comprehensive framework to evaluate lane detection models.
Perilacunar bone tissue exhibits sub-micrometer modulus gradation which depends on the recency of osteocyte bone formation

Osteocytes are capable of resorbing and replacing bone local to the lacunar-canalicular system (LCS remodeling). However, the impacts of these processes on perilacunar bone quality are not understood. It is well established that aging is associated with reduced whole-bone fracture resistance, reduced osteocyte viability, and truncated LCS geometries, but it remains unclear if aging changes perilacunar bone quality. In this study, we employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify sub-micrometer gradations from 2D maps surrounding osteocyte lacunae in young (5 mo) and aged (22 mo) female mice. AFM-mapped lacunae were also imaged with confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine which osteocytes had recently deposited bone as determined by the presence of fluorochrome labels. These assays allowed us to quantify gradations in nanoscale mechanical properties of bone-forming/non-bone-forming osteocytes in young and aged mice. This study reports for the first time that there are sub-micrometer gradations in modulus surrounding lacunae and that these gradations are dependent upon recent osteocyte bone formation. Perilacunar bone adjacent to bone-forming osteocytes demonstrated lower peak and bulk modulus values when compared to bone near non-bone-forming osteocytes from the same mouse. Bone-forming osteocytes also showed increased perilacunar modulus variability. Age reduced lacunar size but did not significant effect modulus gradation or variability. In general, lacunar morphology was not a strong predictor of modulus gradation patterns. These findings support the idea that lacunar-canalicular remodeling activity changes the material properties of surrounding bone tissue on a sub-micrometer scale. Therefore, conditions that affect osteocyte health have the potential to impact bone quality. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=62 SRC="FIGDIR/small/461298v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (29K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fe5a68org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e17e90org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13c2e3corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ff9f38_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
Detailed bed topography and sediment load measurements for two stepdown flows in a laboratory flume

Abstract Streams and rivers, particularly smaller ones, often do not maintain steady flow rates for long enough to reach equilibrium conditions for sediment transport and bed topography. In particular, streams in small watersheds may be subject to rapidly changing hydrographs, and relict bedforms from previous high flows can cause further disequilibrium that complicates the prediction of sediment transport rates. In order to advance the understanding of how bedforms respond to rapid changes in flow rate, a series of flume experiments were performed where the flow was reduced rapidly from equilibrium conditions. Sediment transport rates and bed elevation data across the flume and over a 15-meter-long test section were collected during the experiments to allow detailed examination of evolving bedform dynamics. It was found that relict bedforms stopped moving completely after flow reductions, and the mode of sediment transport was shifted to small bedforms that arose rapidly over dune stoss sections throughout the test section. The changes in sediment transport with time as the sand bed adjusted to the new flow rate was found to agree with predictions based on the relations proposed in Wren et al. (2020). Wavelet analysis is used to visualize changes in length and amplitude scales during the bed transition process.
Age-Related Cognitive Deficits and Neurotransmitters

How do changes in neurotransmitters over the life span alter higher cortical function? More specifically, how might degeneration of monoamine systems projecting to cortex from brainstream contirbute to age-related cognitive decline? These important quetions have often been asked using nonhuman primate models, as monkeys have highly developed neocortices and show age-related changes comparable to those observed in humans. Aged monkeys and humans exhibit similar patterns of cognitive deficits, and similar neuropathological changes with advancing age. The aged monkey model has been especially important for examining age-related changes that cannot be observed reliably or ethically in humans.
/spl chi//sup (5)/-signatures in the optical Stark effect

Summary form only given. Recently a lot of interest has been focused on higher-order Coulomb correlations. It was shown, that even in the /spl chi//sup (3)/-limit higher-order excitonic correlations, i.e., bound and unbound two exciton states, influence the coherent optical response. While /spl chi//sup (3)/-contributions to the excitonic Stark effect are well understood, very little is known about the influence of /spl chi//sup (5)/-contributions. Here we investigate the dependence of coherent pump-induced excitonic absorption changes on the pump intensity and relate our results to fifth-order contributions. Pump-probe experiments are performed on high-quality InGaAs quantum wells dominated by a heavy-hole exciton resonance.
Toward Discursive Presence

Abstract Many approaches to self-supervision are conducted within a liberal humanist framework which configures the individual as an autonomous unitary being. From this perspective, the self is located within an individualistic framework, dislocated from the socio-cultural and socio-historical context. As a result, the impact of culture on the self-supervisor can sometimes be ignored or underestimated leading to culturally inappropriate actions with clients. This article introduces a social constructionist metaphor, demonstrates its relevance to the field of self-supervision, and highlights its value as an orientation to enhance the cultural sensitivity of therapy. In addition, a social constructionist metaphor offers a new range of self-supervision practices that pay special attention to the multiplicity, contextuality, and active construction of meaning. a series of practical tools are presented to assist therapists to become more critical, intentional, reflexive and socially just in their work.
Scalable group key management with partially trusted controllers

Scalable group key management solutions are crucial for supporting Internet applications that are based on a group communication model. Many solutions have been proposed and of these the most efficient and scalable ones are based on logical key hierarchies (LKH) with symmetric keys organized in a tree. However, these solutions centralize trust in the group controller and make it an attractive attack target for access to communication keys for all groups supported by the controller. In this paper we propose a novel group key management approach, which uses a partially trusted controller that does not have access to communication keys and yet provides the same level of efficiency and scalability as LKH schemes. For this we develop a new public-key encryption scheme, which is based on El Gamal, and we show that the scheme is as secure as El Gamal.
The catastrophic case: A special problem for general hospital psychiatry in the era of managed care

Abstract In the quest for cost containment, case-managed care can harm some patients who are catastrophically ill and treatment resistant. One such case is presented and the “catch-22” situation described where the case manager determined that the chronicity and severity of the case deemed the patient “custodial” and discharge planning was ordered despite the fact that the patient had excellent continued inpatient benefits. The consequences of premature discharge or transfer to a state facility should be studied carefully as we move to more case-managed care. The process of managed care, which has become increasingly costly and time consuming, should also be scrutinized.
Nucleation, growth and magnetic properties of epitaxial FeAl films on AlAs/GaAs

Abstract An investigation of the nucleation and growth as well as magnetic properties of epitaxial FexAl1 − x on AlAs/GaAs(100) is reported. In situ RHEED and UHV STM were used to characterize the surface and ex situ MOKE measurements were used to characterize the magnetic properties. We found that epitaxial films can be grown over a broad composition range, 0.5 0.55 to 650–700°C. STM images of the (5 × 5) surface revealed a much lower step edge kink density than the (2 × 2) surface. When growing FexAl1 − x on an annealed FexAl1 − x surface, RHEED oscillations were found to occur in two distinct modes, monolayer and bilayer, where monolayer growth would occur at x > 0.7 and bilayer growth at x
Structure of Vortex Liquid Phase in Irradiated Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 − δ Crystals

The $c$-axis resistivity in irradiated and in pristine $\mathrm{Bi}{}_{2}\mathrm{Sr}{}_{2}\mathrm{CaCu}{}_{2}\mathrm{O}{}_{8\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ crystals is measured as a function of the in-plane magnetic field component at fixed out-of-plane component ${B}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ in the vortex liquid phase at $T\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}67\mathrm{K}$. From this data we extract the dependence of the phase difference correlation length inside layers on ${B}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ and estimate the average length of the vortex line segments confined inside columnar defects as a function of the filling factor ${f\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}B}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}/{B}_{\ensuremath{\Phi}}$. The maximum length, about 15 interlayer distances, is reached near $f\ensuremath{\approx}0.35$.
Suppressors of clathrin deficiency: overexpression of ubiquitin rescues lethal strains of clathrin-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Clathrin-mediated vesicular transport is important for normal growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previously, we identified a genetic locus (SCD1) that influences the ability of clathrin heavy-chain-deficient (Chc-) yeast cells to survive. With the scd1-v allele, Chc- yeast cells are viable but grow poorly; with the scd1-i allele, Chc- cells are inviable. To identify the SCD1 locus and other genes that can rescue chc1 delta scd1-i cells to viability, a multicopy suppressor selection strategy was developed. A strain of scd1-i genotype carrying the clathrin heavy-chain gene under GAL1 control (GAL1:CHC1) was transformed with a YEp24 yeast genomic library, and colonies that could grow on glucose were selected. Plasmids from six distinct genetic loci, none of which encoded CHC1, were recovered. One of the suppressor loci was shown to be UBI4, the polyubiquitin gene. UBI4 rescues only in high copy number and is not allelic to SCD1. The conjugation of ubiquitin to intracellular proteins can mediate their selective degradation. Since UBI4 is required for survival of yeast cells under stress and is induced during starvation, ubiquitin expression in GAL1:CHC1 cells was examined. After a shift to growth on glucose to repress synthesis of clathrin heavy chains, UBI4 mRNA levels were elevated > 10-fold, whereas the quantity of free ubiquitin declined severalfold relative to that of Chc+ cells. In addition, novel higher-molecular-weight ubiquitin conjugates appeared in clathrin-deficient cells. We suggest that higher levels of ubiquitin are required for turnover of mislocalized or improperly processed proteins that accumulate in the absence of clathrin and that ubiquitin may play a general role in turnover of proteins in the secretory or endocytic pathway.
Proposed power electronics curriculum

In this paper, an attempt is made to present undergraduate and graduate curricula in the field of power electronics. This includes detailed class contents for power electronics I & II and associated laboratory assignments for the first course. This work is motivated by the current efforts under way at the University of Central Florida (USA) to develop the power program in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. Based on the recent NSF Workshop on power electronics education, this paper also sheds some light into the educational aspects of the field of power electronics. Finally, an outline for the hardware laboratory as supporting facility for effective power electronics education is also addressed.
Ethical Issues in Group Work: What Are They? How Are They Managed?

ABSTRACT Professional codes of ethics offer little direction for group practitioners. The article reports the findings of a study which queried social group work practitioners. Several ethical issues unique to group practice are identified. The frequencies with which specific issues are faced and those resources utilized to manage the dilemmas are identified. Implications for professional codes of ethics are discussed.
Monotherapy versus Combination Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review

In view of the newer antibiotics that can cover the spectrum of organisms in mixed infections, single agents are now a viable option for antimicrobial therapy. In addition, monotherapy is relatively nontoxic and possibly less costly than combination therapy. Combinations may be more effective in preventing the emergence of resistance, however, and can also provide synergistic effects. They are a necessity in mycobacterial infections, enterococcal endocarditis, and deep-seated pseudomonal infections, as well as in patients with gram-negative bacillary infection with profound granulocytopenia.
Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1981

Photoelectric lightcurve observations in the V band, together with estimates of the mean and maximum reduced magnitudes, are presented for 59 different asteroids; 15 new or significantly revised periods are reported. While fits are generally good for objects with moderate phase-relation slope, poor quality fits remain among the highest and lowest albedo objects studied in virtue of their respectively shallow and steep sloping-phase curves.
Central Nervous System Toxicity

Central nervous system toxicity caused by xenobiotic exposure is a common reason for presentation to the emergency department. Sources of exposure may be medicinal, recreational, environmental, or occupational; the means of exposure may be intentional or unintended. Toxicity may manifest as altered thought content resulting in psychosis or confusion; may affect arousal, resulting in lethargy, stupor, or coma; or may affect both elements of consciousness. Seizures may also occur.
Eligibility Criteria for Language Impairment: Is the Low End of Normal Always Appropriate?

Purpose The assumption that children with language impairment will receive low scores on standardized tests, and therefore that low scores will accurately identify these children, is examined throu...
Effect of valinomycin on isolated urinary bladder of Pseudemys scripta. I. Effect on electrical parameters under aerobic conditions

Abstract 1. 1. Isolated hemibladders of the fresh-water turtle, Pseudemys scripta , were bathed on both surfaces by oxygenated, Na + -Ringer solution (17 mM HCO 3 − buffer) and were maintained in a short-circulated state. 2. 2. The cyclic dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic, valinomycin, was added to a final concentration of 1 μM to either the mucosal or serosal surface of one hemibladder while the paired hemibladder served as a time control. 3. 3. Addition of valinomycin to the mucosa resulted in a 60 ± 15% increase in total transbladder resistance ( R t ), in a 60 ± 10% decrease in short-circuiting current ( I sc ) and in a 40 ± 10% decrease in spontaneous open-circuited transbladder potential difference (PD oc ) for the valinomycin-treated hemibladders relative to the control hemibladders. 4. 4. Half-maximal effect of valinomycin added to the mucosa was achieved 18 min after addition for I sc ; 24 min for PD oc ; and 30 min for R t . 5. 5. Addition of valinomycin to the serosa did not result in any change in electrical parameters.
Effects of Phonological Impairment on Word, Syllable, and Phoneme Segmentation and Reading

The primary purpose of this study was to compare the phonological awareness ability of children with persistent phonological impairment to that of phonologically normal children. We also studied th...
The Many Splendored Creature, Globalization: Impact on States, Cultures, and the Individual

Graham Dunkley, The Free Trade Adventure: The WTO, the Uruguay Round and Globalism: A Critique (London: Zed Books, 2000), pp. 338, $69.95 Hardcover, $27.50 Softcover; Robert Gilpin, The Challenge of Global Capitalism: The World Economy in the 21st Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000), pp. 373, $29.95 Softcover; R.J. Barry Jones, The World Turned Upside Down? Globalization and the Future of the State (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2000), pp. 292, $72.95 Hardcover, $24.95 Softcover; James H. Mittelman, The Globalization Syndrome: Transformation and Resistance (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000), pp. 286, $49.50 Hardcover, $17.95 Softcover; Oscar Ugarteche, The False Dilemma–Globalization: Opportunity or Threat (London, UK: Zed Books, 2000), pp. 240, $65.00 Hardcover, $22.50 Softcover.