cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two New Cestode Species from the Dwarf Whipray, Himantura walga (Batoidea: Dasyatidae), from Borneo, with Comments on Site and Mode of Attachment

Spiral intestines of 12 specimens of the dwarf whipray, Himantura walga, collected from Malaysian Borneo in 2002 and 2003, were examined for cestodes. These yielded a new species of Acanthobothrium (Tetraphyllidea) and a new species of Echinobothrium (Diphyllidea), both of which are described. Acanthobothrium marymichaelorum n. sp. is a category 1 species. It differs from all but 4 of its category 1 congeners in its possession of postovarian testes. It also differs from these 4 species in its possession of fewer testes, shorter length, fewer proglottids, and/or shorter posterior loculus. Echinobothrium minutamicum n. sp. differs from its congeners in its possession of outer hooks in the dorsal and ventral rostellar groups that are trifid; it is also the smallest member of its genus. The spiral intestine of H. walga consisted of 12 mucosal chambers. Most (89%) of the 35 specimens of E. minutamicum n. sp. for which chamber data were generated were found in chambers 2–4. In contrast, the 57 specimens of A. m...
Analysis of surface plasmon guided sub-wavelength microdisk cavity

A metal-coated microdisk supporting surface plasmon guided whispering gallery mode has been proposed to function as a nanolaser. We present numerical analysis to show the scaling advantages of such a structure over the traditional microdisk cavity.
Model reduction of variable-geometry interconnects using variational spectrally-weighted balanced truncation

This paper presents a spectrally-weighted balanced truncation technique for RLC interconnects, a technique needed when the interconnect circuit parameters change as a result of variations in the manufacturing process. The salient features of this algorithm are the inclusion of parameter variations in the RLC interconnect, the guaranteed stability of the reduced transfer function, and the availability of provable frequency-weighted error bounds for the reduced-order system. This paper shows that the balanced truncation technique is an effective model-order reduction technique when variations in the circuit parameters are taken into consideration. Experimental results show that the new variational spectrally-weighted balanced truncation attains, on average, 20% more accuracy than the variational Krylov-subspace-based model-order reduction techniques while the run-time is also, on average, 5% faster.
Term Human Fetal Membranes Have a Weak Zone Overlying the Lower Uterine Pole and Cervix Before Onset of Labor

The etiology of fetal membrane (FM) rupture is unknown. A hypothesis that the FM weakens by a process of collagen remodeling and apoptosis to facilitate rupture has been proposed. Human FMs reportedly exhibit a zone of altered histology, postulated to be the FM rupture site, but concomitant FM weakness has not been demonstrated. We hypothesized that a discrete zone of FM with marked weakness, histological change, and evidence of remodeling and apoptosis, develops in late gestation in the FM overlying the cervix. FM tissue from women undergoing prelabor cesarean delivery were perioperatively marked to identify the FM overlying the cervix, cut with a procedure that facilitates remapping the rupture strength of FM pieces to their former location and orientation on a three-dimensional model, and tested for strength. A 10-cm FM zone centered at the cervical mark was compared with the remaining FM. Mean rupture strength within the cervical zone was 55% of the remaining FM. The cervical zone also exhibited increased MMP-9 protein, decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) protein, and increased PARP cleavage coincident with the previously reported zone of altered histology. A discrete zone of weakness is present in term prelabor FMs overlying the cervix and has biochemical characteristics consistent with tissue remodeling and apoptosis.
Validation of a Typology for Rapists

The purpose of this article is to describe briefly the current status of a taxonomic program that was developed for studying rapists. An overview of the research strategies is provided, as well as a summary of some of the validity data that have been gathered on the most recent version of the rapist typology (the Massachusetts Treatment Center Rapist Typology, Version 3 [MTC:R3]). Moreover, several projects that have focused attention on the treatment implications of taxonomic systems have arisen. In addition, the author speculates on some treatment implications of the current taxonomic system. He compares the underlying dimensions of the current typology that have been identified as temporally stable, discriminating characteristics of various types of rapist with those behavioral domains that have emerged as targets in the treatment of both sexually aggressive and persistently violent offenders. This speculative comparison of dimensions and treatment targets provides an opportunity to hypothesize about p...
Habitat Use, Movements and Home Range of Wintering Lesser Scaup in Florida

Abstract Radio telemetry and diurnal time activity budgets were used to show that wintering Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) used different habitats for comfort and feeding activities at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (Merritt Island), Florida and adjacent estuarine areas. Management should take this spatial consideration into account. The same data were used to determine if habitat use differed between sexes. Data on movements and home range were used to evaluate habitat quality and potential effects of human disturbance. Scaup foraged more in impounded wetlands and rested more in open estuarine regions. Mean distance between diurnal and nocturnal sites was 2.7 km (SE ± 0.3), and was similar between sexes and from mid to late winter. Male and female fixed kernel home ranges and core use areas did not differ. Mean fixed kernel 95% home range and 50% core use areas were 15.1 km2 (SE ± 2.0) and 2.7 km2 (SE ± 0.5) respectively, representing 3% and 0.5% of surveyed habitats. Males and females used habit...
Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Pediatric Trauma

The objective of this article is to review the use of computed tomography (CT) for the purpose of injury evaluation in pediatric trauma patients. The relative risk of radiation-induced cancer mortality is discussed. Evidence-based indications for obtaining CT and optimization of CT scanner protocols are provided. CT use specific to pediatric trauma is discussed for the following anatomic regions: thorax, abdomen, head, spine, vascular, and musculoskeletal. Limiting unnecessary CT use by understanding when and how to order an appropriate scan in order to adequately diagnose and treat a specific injury is the most practical way for clinicians to help reduce patients’ risk of radiation.
It is what it is.

Fellows, honored guests, board members, speakers, and, most importantly, the Fellowship Class of 2004: I have had the unique opportunity to fill the president's shoes. While a resident at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1969, an unexpected tennis challenge arose, something not infrequent in my career, and I hadn't brought my tennis gear. Dr. Herndon lived in an apartment across the street and was kind enough to let me use his sneakers... I wish I could say the match was 6-0, 6-0! First, please join me in expressing appreciation to the many spouses, parents, teachers, friends, and significant others for their support of the new fellows during their long formative years. It is a rare privilege and a great personal honor for me to address you on this most important occasion. I am filled with awe, humility, and inspiration to join the list of people preceding me in this capacity. Today you are being inducted into the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). You have probably wondered what it is to be a member of the Academy. Well, today I will share my concept of the Academy's vicissitudes, foibles, successes, and failures and synthesize it as: “It is what it is”—truly the secret of most of life's imponderables. Today you become a member of one of the largest and most respected medical organizations on the planet. You represent the future replacements for all of the Academy's leadership; some of you will fill their shoes. By virtue of your induction, you will raise the level of computer literacy among our fellows by 300%! Well... It is what it is. Many challenges face orthopaedic surgeons over the next decade: the malpractice crisis, increased federal regulations and scrutiny, decreased reimbursement, and the ability of our specialty to remain whole without fractionalization. I have …
The Ambivalent Role of Punishment in Post-Merger Coordination and the New Approach of the 2010 US Horizontal Merger Guidelines

Threat of punishment is considered a deterrent force, which ensures the sustainability of post-merger tacit coordination. US and EU Agencies, Courts and economists, including those who extend simulation methods to quantify coordinated effects, assume that parties follow grim trigger strategies: e.g. they choose the collusive output until one firm deviates, and produce the competitive output thereafter. More complex game theory insights indicate that collusion mechanisms can never be as perfect and simple in reality. Punishment plays an ambivalent role in post-merger coordination. More realistic scenarios include long phases of collusion that are interrupted by shorter phases of price wars, which remind players of their interdependence and force them to renegotiate. Moreover, punishment is part of an interactive learning process, in which players experiment with competition parameters with a view to identifying optimal strategies. Punishment does not cause parties to abide by concrete patterns of coordination; it primarily helps them to identify focal points, realize interdependence, and fine-tune the terms of tacit coordination. It is higher payoffs and the bundle of firm and market characteristics that render sustainable collusion more likely. The defections of collusion-cheating-punishment mechanics might have induced US Agencies to introduce in their 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines the theory of parallel accommodating conduct, which relies on individual strategic reasoning not motivated by retaliation.
Elissa: A Dialectal to Standard Arabic Machine Translation System

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) has a wealth of natural language processing (NLP) tools and resources. In comparison, resources for dialectal Arabic (DA), the unstandardized spoken varieties of Arabic, are still lacking. We present Elissa , a machine translation (MT) system from DA to MSA. Elissa (version 1.0) employs a rule-based approach that relies on morphological analysis, morphological transfer rules and dictionaries in addition to language models to produce MSA paraphrases of dialectal sentences. Elissa can be employed as a general preprocessor for dialectal Arabic when using MSA NLP tools. u j ®E @ e J K. QaE@ u I@ e J K. QaE@ H A J OA aE @ aO e J E B@ e Og. Q E E u G. nA g ÐA ¢ : A  E @ eE KA U O XP@ nOð H@ ðX @ Q n J K B A O J K. A J K. nA g u j ®E @ e J K. QaE@ e a EE @ e m.I'A aOI eQ J» XP@ n Oð H@ ð X @ Yg. n K @ Ye A J Jm '. u ÐY ® J . e J K. QaE@ e a EE @ aO e J A J ®E @ Q « e J ojOI @ q E @ u eð , e J K. QaE@ H A J OA aE @ em.I'A a UI A  E @ YO Ja K . u j ®E @ e J K. QaE@ u I@ e J K. QaE@ H A J OA aE @ aO e J E B@ e Og. Q E AK. Ðn ®K u G. nA g ÐA ¢ u eð , A  E @ Nk. A aOð e Og. Q E @ Y «@ n  aO e «nOm.×ð e OE3⁄4E E u Q E@ EJ Ej JE @ eJ ÐY j J  , Y «@ n ®E @ u I« A J J.O C k u j ®E @ e E Om.I'@ P A J J kB e K n a E h. X A U s u I@ e A @ , e J OA aE @ H A OE3⁄4E E H A Og. Q Kð H A X @ QO Z A  B e J OA « Ð @ Y j J@ EJ.  e J K. QaE@ H A J OA aE @ em.I'A a UI A  E @ Ð@ Y j J@ aoOs . e JoO UI @ E O m.I'@ © J Og. a K. eC £ E  B@ . A iD E« u j ®E @ e J K. QaE@ e a EE e Y a O H @ ð X @
Role of Enhanced Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and Reduced Na+,K+-Dependent Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in Maintenance of Elevated Blood Pressure in Obesity: Effects of Weight Loss

1. To investigate factors regulating blood pressure in obesity we have compared Na+ transport mechanisms and plasma noradrenaline (NA) responses to upright posture and isometric hand grip exercise in obese patients with transport mechanisms and NA responses in age, sex and race matched non-obese subjects. In the obese subjects we examined the effects of caloric restriction and weight reduction over a 12 week period on intracellular erythrocyte cation concentrations, Na+,K+-dependent ATPase activity and 86Rb uptake as well as responses of NA, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone and mean arterial pressure to posture and isometric exercise. 2. Obese patients had greater (P 3. The intracellular Na+/K+ ratio in erythrocytes was greater in the obese patients than in non-obese controls whereas erythrocyte Na+,K+-ATPase activity and 86Rb uptake in obese patients was reduced (P
Alternative Options and Future Directions for Thyroid Cancer Therapy

The unique features of thyroid cells have enabled clinicians to specifically target therapy for patients with differentiated thyroid cancers. The retained expression and function of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) in most thyroid cells have allowed the successful use of TSH-suppressive doses of levothyroxine (L-T4) and radioiodine. These targeted treatments, in combination with surgery, have led to long-term survival rates for patients with early stage thyroid cancers that approach 98% at 20 yr (1, 2, 3, 4). However, this excellent prognosis is not shared by individuals with aggressive metastatic thyroid cancers, nor by those with malignancies that dedifferentiate and lose expression and function of the TSH receptor and NIS. Indeed, patients with these more aggressive thyroid cancers typically have a poor response to traditional therapies, resulting in a much higher incidence of cancer-related death. Alternative therapies using nontargeted cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents have been largely disappointing.
Co-presentation of a subdural empyema and an infected ventriculoperitoneal shunt in an adult patient: A rare complication with review of literature.

Background The occurrence of a subdural empyema as a complication of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection is rare. Only three articles have been published on this topic. Moreover, the available literature only involves pediatric patients. Case description The authors present a 38-year-old male with a preexisting right frontal subdural hygroma that developed into a subdural empyema in the presence of an infected right occipital VP shunt. A brief literature review is provided, and the pathogenesis is discussed. Conclusion This is the first known report regarding an adult patient with a subdural empyema and a VP shunt infection. Although a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain is not typically ordered during diagnosis of a shunt infection, the authors advocate a low threshold to employ MRI brain to evaluate for other sources of infection, especially in an immunocompromised patient or in a patient with a history of a subdural hematoma or hygroma that can be easily overlook as being stable on computed tomography of head.
Permanent versus Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Rethinking the "One-Filter-for-All" Approach to Mechanical Thromboembolic Prophylaxis.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filtration for thromboembolic protection is not without risks, and there are important differences among commercially available IVC filters. While retrievable filters are approved for permanent implantation, they may be associated with higher device-related complications in the long term when compared with permanent filters. Prospective patient selection in determining which patients might be better served by permanent or retrievable filter devices is central to resource optimization, in addition to improved clinical follow-up and a concerted effort to retrieve filters when no longer needed. This article highlights the differences between permanent and retrievable devices, describes the interplay between these differences and the clinical indications for IVC filtration, advises against a “one-filter-for-all” approach to mechanical thromboembolic prophylaxis, and discusses strategies for optimizing personalized device selection.
The Resolution Phase

Moving to the dispute resolution phase, this chapter assesses the perceived functionality of international law as an element of the regime of transboundary environmental protection, noting in particular the ability of both the substantive principles of international law and the processes of inquiry, mediation and then adjudication before the International Court of Justice to assist the parties in accomplishing their objectives. This chapter also affords an opportunity for an extensive exploration of how specific legal principles and various aspects of the legal process operate to address the multifarious elements of a transboundary environmental dispute in such a manner so as to allocate the respective rights and responsibilities of each party as necessary to produce a formal decision capable of forming the basis for the settlement of the dispute.
New Teacher Induction and Mentoring for Educational Change

In a period of less than two decades, we have seen worldwide a profound change in stance toward the new teacher. School systems began to see the first years in the profession as not a test of “sink or swim” but as a phase that required attention and support in order to keep new teachers from leaving the profession and to develop them into quality educators. Research chronicles that new teachers tend to leave within the first 3–5 years of teaching. In the USA, for example, approximately 30% of those who enter the profession leave within 3 years, and up to 50% leave within 5 years (Darling-Hammond, 1997; Ingersoll & Smith, 2003). Teachers in schools serving high-poverty communities have an even greater risk of leaving at the end of their first year (Smith & Ingersoll, 2004). This early departure has been attributed to job dissatisfaction and unsupportive schooling conditions (Ingersoll, 2001; Johnson, 2004). Beyond retention, developing the quality of new professionals is paramount given the influence on student achievement and reforms that call for complex teacher understandings. Further, from an educational change perspective, new teachers are the next generation responsible to promote equitable schooling for those underserved by the current system.
Drs. Rich and Pure: Conflict of Interest (COI) and Creating School-Wide Policies

In the past decade, the power within the department of medicine has resided in the division of cardiology. The division is heavily involved in industry-funded clinical trials as well as clinical care. The division’s faculty has extensive ties with industry, including lucrative speaking engagements, training programs for other cardiologists, particularly in the procedural subspecialties, and three start-up companies built around various cardiac devices invented by division faculty along with surgery faculty. NIH funding for the department has declined in the past three years but is still relatively strong in relation to other departments of medicine nationally.
Moments of Impact: Injury, Racialized Memory, and Reconciliation in College Football

Review of: Moments of Impact: Injury, Racialized Memory, and Reconciliation in College Football, by Jaime Schultz
Finite-Temperature Behavior of PdHx Elastic Constants Computed by Direct Molecular Dynamics

Robust time-averaged molecular dynamics has been developed to calculate finite-temperature elastic constants of a single crystal. We find that when the averaging time exceeds a certain threshold, the statistical errors in the calculated elastic constants become very small. We applied this method to compare the elastic constants of Pd and PdH0.6 at representative low (10 K) and high (500 K) temperatures. The values predicted for Pd match reasonably well with ultrasonic experimental data at both temperatures. In contrast, the predicted elastic constants for PdH0.6 only match well with ultrasonic data at 10 K; whereas, at 500 K, the predicted values are significantly lower. We hypothesize that at 500 K, the facile hydrogen diffusion in PdH0.6 alters the speed of sound, resulting in significantly reduced values of predicted elastic constants as compared to the ultrasonic experimental data. Literature mechanical testing experiments seem to support this hypothesis.
Considerations for Research and Development of Culturally Relevant Mindfulness Interventions in American Minority Communities

As many health disparities in American minority communities (AMCs) are stress-related, there has been an increased interest in the development of mindfulness programs as potential stress reduction measures in these communities. However, the bulk of the extant literature on mindfulness research and mindfulness interventions is based upon experiences with the larger White community. The intent of this commentary is to share a framework that includes key cultural considerations for conducting research and developing culturally-salient mindfulness programs with AMCs. We build on our experiences and the experiences of other researchers who have explored mindfulness in African and Native American communities; in particular, we examine issues around community outreach with an emphatic gesture toward emphasizing protection of AMCs and their participants. Discussed are considerations with respect to attitudinal foundations in mindfulness-based research and program development with these communities. However, the overall message of this paper is not to provide a "to-do" list of research steps, but to rather, encourage researchers to turn inward and consider the development of skillful characteristics that will increase the likelihood of a successful research venture while also protecting the cultural traditions of the AMC of interest.
Determination of conductivity anisotropy and the role of doping in single walled carbon nanotube thin films with THz spectroscopic ellipsometry

Abstract Wide spectral range spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements spanning from the THz to the UV (0.41 meV–5.9 eV) are taken of a single walled carbon nanotube thin film while in both undoped and nitric acid doped states. The complex dielectric function spectra extracted from the measurements are sensitive to the relative effects of doping on the free-carrier absorption which yields electrical properties when interpreted using the Drude model, metallic and semiconducting nanotube interband electronic transitions, and a π -plasmon resonance. The electrical resistivity ( ρ ) determined by the SE measurements is resolved into in- (||) and out-of-plane (⊥) components. While doped, ρ || and ρ ⊥ are found to be comparable at 0.516 ± 0.008 × 10 −3 and 0.17 ± 0.04 × 10 −3 Ω cm, respectively. By contrast, the undoped film state features a considerable difference between ρ || and ρ ⊥ of 2.21 ± 0.03 × 10 −3 and 17 ± 1 × 10 −3 Ω cm. The fact that nitric acid doping reduces ρ || by a factor of ∼4 and ρ ⊥ by a factor of ∼100 suggests that doping plays a significant role in reducing the energetic barrier to transport at tube-tube junctions.
Newton’s Method

The MM and EM algorithms are hardly the only methods of optimization. Newton’s method is better known and more widely applied. Despite its defects, Newton’s method is the gold standard for speed of convergence and forms the basis of most modern optimization algorithms. Its many variants seek to retain its fast convergence while taming its defects. They all revolve around the core idea of locally approximating the objective function by a strictly convex quadratic function. At each iteration the quadratic approximation is optimized. Safeguards are introduced to keep the iterates from veering toward irrelevant stationary points.
Reverse the Epidemic Tides of Unhealthy Habits: Personal, Professional, and Leadership Challenges

Politics, economics, and health are interdependent. Inequalities in the economic domain have profound negative impacts on the health domain [1]. This chapter challenges the prevailing worldview and values inherent in the power and control structures within our political, financial, and disease care systems. Political philosophies and public policies have mal-distributed money, power, and resources at global and national levels that favor the 1 % economic elite of the population.
Multiple structure tracing in 3d electron micrographs

Automatic interpretation of Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) volumes is central to advancing current understanding of neural circuitry. In the context of TEM image analysis, tracing 3D neuronal structures is a significant problem. This work proposes a new model using the conditional random field (CRF) framework with higher order potentials for tracing multiple neuronal structures in 3D. The model consists of two key features. First, the higher order CRF cost is designed to enforce label smoothness in 3D and capture rich textures inherent in the data. Second, a technique based on semi-supervised edge learning is used to propagate high confidence structural edges during the tracing process. In contrast to predominantly edge based methods in the TEM tracing literature, this work simultaneously combines regional texture and learnt edge features into a single framework. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms more traditional models in tracing neuronal structures from TEM stacks.
Accurate detection of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter using the electrocardiomatrix technique

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AFIB) and atrial flutter (AFL) are two common cardiac arrhythmias that predispose patients to serious medical conditions. There is a need to accurately detect these arrhythmias to prevent diseases and reduce mortality. Apart from accurately detecting these arrhythmias, it is also important to distinguish between AFIB and AFL due to differing clinical treatments. Methods In this study, we applied a new technology, the electrocardiomatrix (ECM) invented in our lab, in detecting AFIB and AFL in human patients. ECM converts 2D ECG signals into a 3D color matrix, which renders arrhythmia detection intuitive, fast, and accurate. Using ECM, we analyzed the ECG signals from the online MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database (PhysioNet), and compared our ECM-based results to manual annotations based on ECG by physicians. Results Results demonstrate that ECM and PhysioNet annotations of AFIB and AFL agree more than 99% of the time. The sensitivities of the ECM for AFIB and AFL detection were 99.2% and 98.0%, respectively, and the specificities of the ECM for AFIB and AFL were both at 99.8% and 99.8%. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ECM is a reliable method for accurate identification of AFIB and AFL.
Large Scale Grid Integration of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems Using Triple Port Dual Active Bridge Converter Modules

Integration of solar energy (PV) using isolated high frequency power electronic converters to the utility grid or microgrid is fast becoming an attractive option due to the improvement in power density and elimination of the bulky low frequency transformer. This paper presents and analyzes the integration of solar energy and battery based energy storage system (ESS) to the grid using a two stage topology which includes triple port dual active bridges (DABs) and a conventional 2-level inverter. This paper considers the triple port DABs as the basic building blocks which can be connected in different configurations to meet the voltage and power requirements. Detailed simulation results are provided, investigating various operating and control modes. Experimental result showing the triple port DC-DC converter waveforms are also included. This paper shows that the triple port DAB modules along with the inverter is a viable option for large scale PV-ESS grid integration.
Refugees, forced migration, and conflict: Introduction to the special issue:

Few issues in international politics have dominated public debates, both in domestic and international arenas, as much as refugee movements across borders in recent years. By the end of 2017, more ...
Congruences and Reduction mod p

The study of modular forms modulo p was originated by Swinnerton-Dyer [Sw D], who determined the structure of the algebra of modular forms mod p. Serre then showed how one can extend this theory in many ways, and in particular obtained results concerning the congruence properties mod higher powers of p for the coefficients of the q-expansions of modular forms. After laying the basic foundations for the q-expansions, we reproduce Swinnerton-Dyer’s results, and then some of Serre’s basic results, referring to his more extensive papers for the continuation of the theory.
Overtourism: Excesses, discontents and measures in travel and tourism

It is debated that overtourism phenomenon may be ‘old wine in new bottles’, but it entered people’s everyday life when it gained significant media attention in 2015. This book is the first cutting ...
A Look at the Tradition of Lack of Accommodating of Citizens with Disabilities in The People’s Republic of China

It is common to encounter a citizen with disability in everyday life. According to data from the second national survey of disabled people, the group accounts for 5.26% of the population of Guangzhou. Citizens with vision, hearing or physical disability accounts for the largest part of this statistic. Citizens with disabilities in The People’s Republic of China often are treated as inferiors. There is a history of complaints of a lack of physical and service related accommodation by this group. Citizens with disabilities state that it is very difficult to find a job because of the unfair treatment. Zhang Hai Di is a famous Chinese writer with severe disability. A true advocate, Di, devoted her life to helping peoples with disabilities to have the same rights as others. This acclaimed writer has played a critical role helping the government build many policies which have had some effects to the disabled people. There is still room for improvement in China (Wang,2017). For example, the majority of building are lack wheelchair accessibility. This is a serious problem for the blind and disabled citizens of The People’s Republic of China. Moreover, most signage and computers are not designed for the blind. Special phones for the deaf citizens are not common.
Usefulness of modified perfusion strategy during one-stage repair of aorta coarctation combined with intracardiac malformations

Objective To investigate the application and surgical results of the modified perfusion strategy,that means,mild/moderate hypothermia,regional cerebral perfusion combined with cardiac perfusion,in the surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta(CoA) in infants and young children of CoA with intracardiac malformations.Methods From September 2010 to December 2012,59 patients of CoA combined with intracardiac malformation were enrolled in the study,37 males and 22 females..Among them,modifed purfusion strategy were performed in 29 patients,whereas "Traditional surgical strategy" were applied in 30 randomly selected cases as control.The age of the whole group ranged from 2 to 46 (8.2 ± 6.3) months and the body weight was from 4.0-18 (6.58 ± 2.15) kg.The key points of the " Modified purfusion strategy" include:Cooling to a nasopharyngeal temperature of 26℃-35℃,rectal temperature of 29℃-35℃,Occlusion clamp was placed between the innominate arterv-the left common carotid artery and the distal end of CoA.By keeping the position of asending arotic catheterization unchanged and keeping the heart beating,regional cerebral perfusion combined with heart perfusion were realised at 40-60 ml · kg-1 · min-1 flow rate.With lower body circulatory arrest,CoA were corrected by the approach of end-to-end or extentive end-to-end anastomosis.After the CoA correction is completed,clamping the asending aortic,cardiac arrest,correction of cardiac anomalies.Traditional perfusion strategy group using conventional cardiac arrest,deep hypothermia,regional cerebral perfusion approch to correct COA,the rest of the operation is the same as described above.Results There was no operative death,postoperative pulmonary infection occurred in 12 cases,3 cases occured pneumothorax,1 case suffered wound in fection and underwent secondary debridement,3 cases encountered postoperative oliguria and were treated with peritoneal dialysis.All patients received echocardiography examination before discharge and showed aortic arch coarctation has released,anastomotic stoma is patent,flow rate is normal or slightly fast.All patients were followed up for 3-26 months,no late death or complications occours.Modified perfusion strategy group was significantly superiors to the traditional persufion strategy group in the aspects of cardiac arrest time[(35.3 ± 10.2) min vs.(58.4 ± 19.8) min],auxiliary CPB time [(16.8 ± 4.0) min vs.(31.6 ± 12.1) min] and the vasoactive drug dosage[dopamine:(4.5 ±0.8) μg · kg-1 · min-1 vs.(6.3 ± 1.3) μg · kg-1 · min-1] after surgery.Conclusion Modified perfusion strategy can reduce myocardial injury,significantly reduce cardiac arrset 、circulatory support and temperature adjusting time and shorten the total duration of surgery compared with conventional perfusion strategy,the early result is satisfactory and has broad application prospects. Key words: Aortic coarctation ; Cerebral perfusion ; Cardiac surgical procedures
Privacy Law in the Digital Age: Lowering (Reasonable) Expectations

In their influential article entitled “The Right to Privacy” (Harvard Law Review, Vol. 4, December 1890, at 193-220), Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis warned that “numerous mechanical devices threaten[ed] to make good the prediction that ‘what is whispered in the closet shall be proclaimed from the house-tops.’” They specifically cautioned that a new technology at the time, “instantaneous photographs,” enabled journalists to invade “the sacred precincts of private and domestic life.” This new invention and the potential “evil of the invasion of privacy by the newspapers” drove Warren and Brandeis to argue that the law should take “the next step” in the evolution of privacy jurisprudence by recognizing a right “to be let alone.” Their efforts to adapt the law for changing societal demands was so successful that Roscoe Pound later described the work of Warren and Brandeis as having done “nothing less than add a chapter to our law.” Today, 130 years later, the time to define anew the exact nature and extent of the law of privacy and its potential derivations may be warranted given the latest innovation in imaging technology: drones. This article overviews the origin, policy, and substance of drone privacy laws in this context.
PrivacyScope: Automatic Analysis of Private Data Leakage in TEE-Protected Applications

Big data analytics is having a profound impact on many sectors of the economy by transforming raw data into actionable intelligence. However, increased use of sensitive business and private personal data with no or limited privacy safeguards has raised great concerns among individuals and government regulators. To address the growing tension between the need for data utility and the demand for data privacy, trusted execution environment (TEE) is being used in academic research as well as industrial application as a powerful primitive to enable confidential computation on the private data with only the result disclosed but not the original private data. While much of the current research has been focusing on protecting the TEE against attacks (e.g. side-channel information leakage), the security and privacy of the applications executing inside a TEE enclave has received little attention. The general attitude is that the application is running inside a trusted computing base (TCB), and therefore can be trusted. This assumption may not be valid when it comes to unverified third-party applications.In this paper, we present PrivacyScope, a static code analyzer designed to detect leakage of private data by an application code running in a TEE. PrivacyScope accomplishes this by analyzing the application code and identifying violations of a property called nonreversibility. We introduce nonreversibility since the classical noninterference property falls short of detecting private data leakage in certain scenarios, e.g., in machine learning (ML) programs where the program output is always related to (private) input data. Given its strict reliance on observable state, the noninterference falls short of detecting private data leakage in these situations. By design, PrivacyScope detects both explicit and implicit information leakage. The nonreversibility property is formally defined based on the noninterference property. Additionally, we describe the algorithms for PrivacyScope as extensions to the runtime semantics of a general language. To evaluate the efficacy of our approach and proof-of-feasibility prototype, we apply PrivacyScope to detect data leakage in select open-source ML code modules including linear regression, k-means clustering and collaborative filtering. Also, PrivacyScope can detect intentional data leakage code injected by a programmer. We responsibly disclosed all the discovered vulnerabilities leading to disclosure of private data in the open-source ML program we analyzed.
A Buried Middle Archaic Site in the Tucson Basin

Despite great gains in knowledge about the Late Archaic/Early Agricultural period in the Tucson Basin, understanding of the Middle Archaic period remains slim. This paper reports on volunteer inves...
Outcome of Anticoagulation in Isolated Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis Compared to Proximal Deep Venous Thrombosis

BACKGROUND Isolated, distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) is thought to have low rates of propagation, embolization, and recurrence compared with proximal DVT (PDVT), but the data are limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess outcomes among patients with IDDVT compared with PDVT. PATIENTS/METHODS Consecutive patients with ultrasound-confirmed acute DVT (March 1, 2013-August 1, 2020) were identified by reviewing the Mayo Clinic Gonda Vascular Center and VTE Registry databases. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the DVT location (isolated, distal vs. proximal DVT). Outcomes including venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence, major bleeding, and death were compared by thrombus location and anticoagulant therapy, warfarin vs. direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). RESULTS Isolated, distal deep vein thrombosis (n = 746) was more often associated with recent surgery, major trauma, or confinement (p < .001), whereas patients with PDVT (n = 1176) were more frequently unprovoked, had a prior history of VTE, or active cancer (p < .001). There was no overall difference in VTE recurrence or major bleeding between groups during follow-up. Patients with IDDVT had a higher death rate at 3 months (p = .001) and when propensity scored for cancer (p = .003). Independent predictors of mortality included warfarin (vs. DOAC) therapy, increasing age, and active cancer. DOAC therapy resulted in lower VTE recurrence, major bleeding, and death rates in both groups. CONCLUSION Outcomes of IDDVT including VTE recurrence and bleeding rates were similar to PDVT despite higher early mortality rates. Outcomes for both groups were positively influenced by the use of DOACs.
A unified second-order accurate in time MPM formulation for simulating viscoelastic liquids with phase change

We assume that the viscous forces in any liquid are simultaneously local and non-local, and introduce the extended POM-POM model [McLeish and Larson 1998; Oishi et al. 2012; Verbeeten et al. 2001] to computer graphics to design a unified constitutive model for viscosity that generalizes prior models, such as Oldroyd-B, the Upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) model [Sadeghy et al. 2005], and classical Newtonian viscosity under one umbrella, recovering each of them with different parameter values. Implicit discretization of our model via backward Euler recovers the variational Stokes solver of [Larionov et al. 2017] for Newtonian viscosity. For greater accuracy, however, we introduce the second-order accurate Generalized Single Step Single Solve (GS4) scheme [Tamma et al. 2000; Zhou and Tamma 2004] to computer graphics, which recovers all prior second-order accurate time integration schemes to date. Using GS4 and our generalized constitutive model, we present a Material Point Method (MPM) for simulating various viscoelastic liquid behaviors, such as classical liquid rope coiling, buckling, folding, and shear thinning/thickening. In addition, we show how to couple our viscoelastic liquid simulator with the recently introduced non-Fourier heat diffusion solver [Xue et al. 2020] for simulating problems with phase change, such as melting chocolate and digital fabrication with 3D printing. While the discretization of heat diffusion is slightly different within GS4, we show that it can still be efficiently solved using an assembly-free Multigrid-preconditioned Conjugate Gradients solver. We present end-to-end 3D simulations to demonstrate the versatility of our framework.
Analysis of Electronic Health Record Use and Clinical Productivity and Their Association With Physician Turnover.

Importance Physician turnover takes a heavy toll on patients, physicians, and health care organizations. Survey research has established associations of electronic health record (EHR) use with professional burnout and reduction in professional effort, but these findings are subject to response fatigue and bias. Objective To evaluate the association of physician productivity and EHR use patterns, as determined by vendor-derived EHR use data platforms, with physician turnover. Design, setting, and participants This retrospective cohort study was conducted among nonteaching ambulatory physicians at a large ambulatory practice network based in New England. Data were collected from March 2018 to February 2020. Main outcomes and measures Physician departure from the practice network; 4 time-based core measures of EHR use, normalized to 8 hours of scheduled clinical time; teamwork, percentage of a physician's orders that are placed by other members of the care team; and productivity measures of patient volume, intensity, and demand. Results Among 335 physicians assessed for eligibility, 314 unique physicians (89.2%) were included in the analysis (123 [39%] women; 100 [32%] aged 45-54 years), with 5663 physician-months of data. The turnover rate was 5.1%/year (32 of 314 physicians). Physicians completed a mean 2.6 appointments/hour (95% CI, 2.5-2.6 appointments/hour) and 206 appointments/month (95% CI, 197-215 appointments/month) with 5.5 hours (95% CI, 5.3-5.8 hours) of EHR time for every 8 hours of scheduled patient time. After controlling for gender, medical specialty, and time, the following variables were associated with turnover: inbox time (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.82; P Conclusions and relevance In this study, physician productivity and EHR use metrics were associated with physician departure. Prospectively tracking these metrics could identify physicians at high risk of departure who would benefit from early, team-based, targeted interventions. The counterintuitive finding that less time spent on the EHR (in particular inbox management) was associated with physician departure warrants further investigation.
Modified Nörlund polynomials

The modified Bernoulli numbers $$B_{n}^{*}$$ considered by Zagier are generalized to modified Norlund polynomials $${B_{n}^{(\ell )*}}$$ . For $$\ell \in \mathbb {N}$$ , an explicit expression for the generating function for these polynomials is obtained. Evaluations of some spectacular integrals involving Chebyshev polynomials and of a finite sum involving integrals of the Hurwitz zeta function are also obtained. New results about the $$\ell $$ -fold convolution of the square hyperbolic secant distribution are obtained, such as a differential-difference equation satisfied by a logarithmic moment and a closed-form expression in terms of the Barnes zeta function.
SIN‐1‐induced cytotoxicity in mixed cortical cell culture: peroxynitrite‐dependent and ‐independent induction of excitotoxic cell death

3-Morpholinosyndnomine (SIN-1) has been reported to be a peroxynitrite (OONO(-)) donor because it produces both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(-).) upon decomposition in aqueous solution. However, SIN-1 can decompose to primarily NO in the presence of electron acceptors, including those found in biological tissues, making it necessary to determine the release product(s) formed in any given biological system. In a mixed cortical cell culture system, SIN-1 caused a concentration-dependent increase in cortical cell injury with a parallel increase in the release of cellular proteins containing 3-nitrotyrosine into the culture medium. The increase in 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, a footprint of OONO(-) production, was specific for SIN-1 as exposure to neurotoxic concentrations of an NO donor (Z)-1-[2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl) aminodiazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA/NO), or NMDA did not result in the nitration of protein tyrosine residues. Both SIN-1-induced injury and 3-nitrotyrosine staining were prevented by the addition of either 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) prophyrinato iron (III) [FeTPPS], an OONO(-) decomposition catalyst, or uric acid, an OONO(-) scavenger. Removal of NO alone was sufficient to inhibit the formation of OONO(-) from SIN-1 as well as its cytotoxicity. Removal of O(2)(-). and the subsequently formed H(2)O(2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase likewise prevented the nitration of protein-bound tyrosine but actually enhanced the cytotoxicity of SIN-1, indicating that cortical cells can cope with the oxidative but not the nitrosative stress generated. Finally, neural injury induced by SIN-1 in unadulterated cortical cells was prevented by antagonism of AMPA/kainate receptors, while blockade of the NMDA receptor was without effect. In contrast, activation of both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors contributed to the SIN-1-mediated neurotoxicity when cultures were exposed in the presence of SOD plus catalase. Thus, whether SIN-1 initiates neural cell death in an OONO(-)-dependent or -independent manner is determined by the antioxidant status of the cells. Further, the mode of excitotoxicity by which injury progresses is determined by the NO-related species generated.
Gender Bias, Countertransference and Couples Therapy

SUMMARY While gross gender biases are being removed from clinical discussions, more subtle, unstated biases remain. In general, it is the biases that therapists are unaware of or unwilling to confront in their personal relationships, a part of the countertransference, that are problematic in psychotherapy. A clinical vignette is presented, illustrating the application of this generalization to couples therapy.
Caryoscope: An Open Source Java application for viewing microarray data in a genomic context

Microarray-based comparative genome hybridization experiments generate data that can be mapped onto the genome. These data are interpreted more easily when represented graphically in a genomic context. We have developed Caryoscope, which is an open source Java application for visualizing microarray data from array comparative genome hybridization experiments in a genomic context. Caryoscope can read General Feature Format files (GFF files), as well as comma- and tab-delimited files, that define the genomic positions of the microarray reporters for which data are obtained. The microarray data can be browsed using an interactive, zoomable interface, which helps users identify regions of chromosomal deletion or amplification. The graphical representation of the data can be exported in a number of graphic formats, including publication-quality formats such as PostScript. Caryoscope is a useful tool that can aid in the visualization, exploration and interpretation of microarray data in a genomic context.