cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of urodelian retinal regeneration. IV. Studies of the cellular source of retinal regeneration in Triturus cristatus carnifex using 3 H-thymidine.

The process of retinal regeneration in adult Triturus cristatus carnifex was analyzed autoradiographically following tritiated thymidine administration at closely spaced postoperative intervals. In unoperated control animals given five daily doses of labeled thymidine, a continuous input of two types of cells was observed from the ora serrata into the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers. One cell type appeared to represent retinal neurons with dispersed nuclear chromatin while the second cell type, containing a nucleus with dense heterochromatic rim, was displaced into all retinal layers with time, ultimately appearing within the layer of photoreceptor outer segments approximating the pigment epithelium. In operated animals, both control and operated (enucleated) eyes showed a loss of proliferative capacity from the ora serrata by two days postoperative. Retinal degeneration and regeneration in this species differed from that observed earlier for Notophthalmus viridescens in that: (1) invading pigment epithelia dissected the degenerating retina sequestering the outer nuclear layer between two epithelial sheets for phagocytosis by day 8; (2) degenerating inner retinal cells demonstrated labeling with thymidine and mitotic division before degeneration; (3) the process of removal of retinal and lens debris was assisted by vascularly derived phagocytes. The restoration of the retina involves both cellular addition from the anterior pars ciliaris retina and ora serrata, forming the anterior half of the new retina, and the posterior pigment epithelium, forming the posterior half of the retina from the innermost lamina. Sites of regional cellular proliferation at the vortex veins do not develop in this species. The basal pigment epithelium, upon Bruch's membrane, does not contribute to the retinal regenerate. The species differences presented in the process of retinal regeneration and the implications for the understanding of the generation of retinotectal specificity are discussed. It is concluded that the specificity engendered during both development and regeneration in this system must: (1) be derived from the ganglion cells; (2) be responsible for not only tectal connections but intra-retinal position and connectivity; and, (3) not be temporally related.
Co-rotating stationary states and vertical alignment of geostrophic vortices with thin cores

We investigate the evolution of nearby like-sign vortices whose centres are at dierent vertical levels in a stably stratied rotating fluid. We employ two dierently singularized representations of the potential vorticity distribution in the quasi-geostrophic equations (QG), in order to elucidate the pair-interaction behaviour previously seen in non-singular QG numerical solutions. The rst is an analytically tractable conservative (Hamiltonian) elliptical-moment model (EM) for thin-core vortices, which exhibits a regime of very strong horizontal elongation of a vortex in response to the strain induced by its partner. We interpret this as an early evolutionary stage towards the irreversible dissipative merger and alignment interactions. This interpretation is strengthened by weakly dissipative numerical solutions of a thin-core contourdynamics model (CD), which exhibit even further progress towards the completion of these vortex interactions in the same regime. In the EM model we classify the co-rotating stationary states which exist always for vertically oset thin-core vortices. However, the mutual strain eld among the vortices cannot be balanced by co-rotation in a weakly elongated stationary state for a certain class of neighbouring, but substantially non-aligned, vortex congurations, and our interpretive assumption is that such congurations will rapidly evolve in non-singular QG solutions towards a more aligned conguration through signicantly non-conservative reorganizations of the potential vorticity eld. Both the EM and CD models show qualitatively similar regime boundaries between evolutions with weakly and strongly deformed vortices. In particular, there is a fairly close correspondence between the occurrence of strong vortex elongation in the EM solutions and signicant lamentation and splitting in the CD solutions.
Post-menopausal women and osteoporosis: available choices for maintenance of skeletal health

Objective: To briefly summarize the therapeutic choices for osteoporosis prevention which are currently available to post-menopausal women. Methods: Results of randomized clinical trials and epidemiological studies in post-menopausal women, and pre-clinical studies in ovariectomized rats were summarized. Results: Estrogen combined with progestogen in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is effective in relieving perimenopausal symptoms and maintaining bone mineral density. However, the increased breast cancer risk associated with long-term HRT use makes it a less desirable option for many women. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as raloxifene, are also effective in maintaining bone density, without stimulating the breast or uterus. However, SERMs do not relieve perimenopausal hot flashes. Conclusion: HRT is effective for acute relief of perimenopausal symptoms, but for women who are unwilling or unable to take HRT long-term, SERMs such as raloxifene are a useful therapy for the prevention of osteoporosis.
Wallbangin': Graffiti and Gangs in L.A.

Wallbangin': Graffiti and Gangs in L.A. Susan A. Phillips. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. ix. 383 pp., illustrations, photographs, notes, references, index.
Preferences and practices: use of neonatal resuscitation devices in low-resource settings.

Birth asphyxia when a baby does not breathe at birth is estimated to account for 23% of the approximately four million neonatal deaths that occur annually. Correct use of neonatal resuscitators is critical to lower neonatal mortality rates due to birth asphyxia. In order to understand the context of use of resuscitators including use scenarios training device readiness and design features and preferences PATH conducted an anonymous web-based survey among neonatal health experts. Twenty-eight percent (22/80) of experts completed the survey. In general the bag and mask devices were used by more practitioners and in more places than the tube and mask design; the tube and mask device was not well known. Features of the bag and mask device that mattered most were ease of use mask size and device function. Features of the tube and mask device that mattered most were ease of use and availability. Device readiness at delivery and use of devices after long periods of inactivity were also concerns. There was a clear preference for the bag and mask device over the tube and mask device due to its ease of use. Programmatic implications include the need to improve health workers confidence in the ability of the device to be cleaned and to remain in safe working order over time. These issues should be reviewed during periodic refresher training courses. (authors)
CLU: Co-Optimizing Locality and Utility in Thread-Aware Capacity Management for Shared Last Level Caches

Most chip-multiprocessors nowadays adopt a large shared last-level cache (SLLC). This paper is motivated by our analysis and evaluation of state-of-the-art cache management proposals which reveal a common weakness. That is, the existing alternative replacement policies and cache partitioning schemes, targeted at optimizing either locality or utility of co-scheduled threads, cannot deliver consistently the best performance under a variety of workloads. Therefore, we propose a novel adaptive scheme, called CLU, to interactively co-optimize the locality and utility of co-scheduled threads in thread-aware SLLC capacity management. CLU employs lightweight monitors to dynamically profile the LRU (least recently used) and BIP (bimodal insertion policy) hit curves of individual threads on runtime, enabling the scheme to co-optimize the locality and utility of concurrent threads and thus adapt to more diverse workloads than the existing approaches. We provide results from extensive execution-driven simulation experiments to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of CLU over the existing approaches (TADIP, NUCACHE, TA-DRRIP, UCP, and PIPP).
Integrated speech enhancement for functional MRI environment

This paper presents an integrated speech enhancement (SE) method for the noisy MRI environment. We show that the performance of SE system improves considerably when the speech signal dominated by MRI acoustic noise at very low SNR is enhanced in two successive stages using two-channel SE methods followed by a single-channel post processing SE algorithm. Actual MRI noisy speech data are used in our experiments showing the improved performance of the proposed SE method.
Dynamic state estimation utilizing high performance computing methods

The state estimation tools which are currently deployed in power system control rooms are based on a quasi-steady-state assumption. As a result, the suite of operational tools that rely on state estimation results as inputs do not have dynamic information available and their accuracy is compromised. This paper presents an overview of the Kalman Filtering process and then focuses on the implementation of the predication component on multiple processors.
Native signal processing on the Ultrasparc in the Ptolemy environment

We have implemented a number of real-time signal processing kernels and applications within the Ptolemy simulation and code generation environment. Our goal is to make it easy to generate real-time programs with configurable interactive user interfaces. As part of this project, we have developed and benchmarked some key signal processing kernels for the new UltraSparc Visual Instruction Set. We present some performance results and compare the VIS with plain integer and floating-point C code running on the same processor.
Fabrication of glassy carbon microstructures by soft lithography

This paper describes fabrication techniques for the fabrication of glassy carbon microstructures. Molding of a resin of poly furfuryl . alcohol using elastomeric molds yields polymeric microstructures, which are converted to free-standing glassy carbon microstructures by . 2 . heating T ; 500-11008C under argon. This approach allows the preparation of macroscopic structures several mm with microscopic . features ; 2 mm . Deformation of the molds during molding of the resin allows preparation of curved microstructures. The paper also presents a method of incorporating these structures on a chip by masking and electroplating. q 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
Investigation of Wall Function and Turbulence Model Performance within the Wind Code

A series of computational analyses is performed using three geometries to assess the performance of wall functions and various turbulence models within the Wind flow solver. The study simulates incompressible flow over a flat plate, incompressible flow through an asymmetric diffuser with separation, and flow through a dual-stream subsonic nozzle. Mentor’s SST and Chien’s K-e turbulence models were used. The grids had initial spacings at the wall ranging from y+=1 to y+=60 to assess the performance of the wall functions. Both two-equation turbulence models were found to work well in the presence of a neutral or favorable pressure gradient; however the SST model clearly performed better when an adverse pressure gradient was present. As expected, Wind’s wall functions were able to adequately predict gross flowfield features in attached flow, but performed poorly with separated flow.
Calculation of valence electron motion induced by sequential strong-field ionisation

Strong-field ionisation leads to the formation of electron wave packets in the valence shell of the resulting ion under appropriate experimental conditions. Ab-initio calculations of the population and coherence dynamics are challenging and are usually limited to single ionisation of simple systems by linearly polarised fields. Here, a calculation based on static-field rate equations is presented to obtain the density matrix for sequential double ionisation. The results for single ionisation of neon and xenon by linearly polarised pulses are in satisfactory agreement with ab-initio calculations. For double ionisation of neon and xenon by elliptically polarised fields, five coherence channels with recurrence times between 1.1 fs and 51.9 fs are predicted to exhibit a significant degree of coherence. The degree of coherence is affected by the polarisation of the laser pulse and decreases in general for elliptical polarisation, but for the investigated cases a significant degree of coherence is predicted to ...
The alarm problem and directed attention in dynamic fault management

This paper uses results of field studies from multiple domains to explore the cognitive activities involved in dynamic fault management. Fault diagnosis has a different character in dynamic fault management situations as compared to troubleshooting a broken device which has been removed from service. In fault management there is some underlying process (an engineered or physiological process which will be referred to as the monitored process) whose state changes over time. Faults disturb the monitored process and diagnosis goes on in parallel with responses to maintain process integrity and to correct the underlying problem. These situations frequently involve time pressure, multiple interacting goals, high consequences of failure, and multiple interleaved tasks. Typical examples of fields of practice where dynamic fault management occurs include flight deck operations in commercial aviation, control of space systems, anesthetic management under surgery, and terrestrial process control. The point of departure is the “alarm problem” which is used to introduce an attentional view of alarm systems as tools for supporting dynamic fault management. The work is based on the concept of directed attention -- a cognitive function that inherently involves the coordination of multiple agents through the use of external media. Directed attention suggests several techniques for developing more effective alarm systems.
Loop-shaping controller design from input-output data: application to a paper machine simulator

The main motivation for this work was the need for a systematic design of high-performance controllers for paper machines. An integrated identification and controller design approach, based on loop-shaping principles, is presented. Starting with time-domain input-output data, a coprime factorization of the plant is identified using linear least-squares techniques. The residual error from the identification is then used to obtain estimates of the coprime factor uncertainty that are translated to sensitivity and complementary sensitivity bounds for the closed-loop system. These bounds serve as a guide for the selection of a target loop and the controller is designed using H-infinity tools. The application of this approach is demonstrated on Honeywell's high-fidelity simulator. The simulations demonstrate the suitability of the approach and illustrate that the technique can be used to reliably provide high performance for both servo and regulatory control.
Interference of common household chemicals in immunoassay methods for drugs of abuse.

I report how some adulterants affect results for drugs of abuse in urine as measured by Roche RIA, Syva emit d.a.u., and Abbott TDx fpia (fluorescence polarization immunoassay) for the following drugs: amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, and phencyclidine (PCP). Sodium chloride interfered negatively with all of these drugs when assayed by emit and caused a slight decrease in measured benzodiazepine concentration by fpia. Drug concentrations were also decreased by added H2O2 (emit: benzodiazepine), Joy detergent (emit: cannabinoid, benzodiazepines, PCP), NaHCO3 (emit: opiate; fpia: PCP), or NaClO [corrected] (emit, RIA, fpia: amphetamines, opiates, PCP; emit, fpia: cannabinoid; emit: benzodiazepines). False-positive results were caused by H2O2 (fpia: benzodiazepines) and Joy (RIA, fpia: benzodiazepine, cannabinoid; fpia: barbiturate, amphetamine). Sodium bicarbonate causes a suspiciously high pH in the urine, NaClO [corrected] an apparently low pH (using pH paper).
Anthropogenics: Human Influence on Global and Genetic Homogenization of Parasite Populations

The distribution, abundance, and diversity of life on Earth have been greatly shaped by human activities. This includes the geographic expansion of parasites; however, measuring the extent to which humans have influenced the dissemination and population structure of parasites has been challenging. In-depth comparisons among parasite populations extending to landscape-level processes affecting disease emergence have remained elusive. New research methods have enhanced our capacity to discern human impact, where the tools of population genetics and molecular epidemiology have begun to shed light on our historical and ongoing influence. Only since the 1990s have parasitologists coupled morphological diagnosis, long considered the basis of surveillance and biodiversity studies, with state-of-the-art tools enabling variation to be examined among, and within, parasite populations. Prior to this time, populations were characterized only by phenotypic attributes such as virulence, infectivity, host range, and geographical location. The advent of genetic/molecular methodologies (multilocus allozyme electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction-DNA (PCR-DNA) fragments analysis, DNA sequencing, DNA microsatellites, single nucleotide polymorphisms, etc.) have transformed our abilities to reveal variation among, and within, populations at local, regional, landscape, and global scales, and thereby enhanced our understanding of the biosphere. Numerous factors can affect population structure among parasites, e.g., evolutionary and ecological history, mode of reproduction and transmission, host dispersal, and life-cycle complexity. Although such influences can vary considerably among parasite taxa, anthropogenic factors are demonstrably perturbing parasite fauna. Minimal genetic structure among many geographically distinct (isolated) populations is a hallmark of human activity, hastened by geographic introductions, environmental perturbation, and global warming. Accelerating environmental change now plays a primary role in defining where hosts, parasites, and other pathogens occur. This review examines how anthropogenic factors serve as drivers of globalization and genetic homogenization of parasite populations and demonstrates the impact that human intervention has had on the global dissemination of parasites and the accompanying diseases. In 2000, a study surfaced examining the distribution of human genetic diversity. Researchers used a multitude of genes and different data sets from autosomal, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosome loci with techniques such as restrictions-site polymorphisms, short-tandem-repeat polymor- phisms, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), among others (Jorde et al., 2000). The investigation analyzed genetic
Performance enhancement in an uninhabited air vehicle task using psychophysiologically determined adaptive aiding.

OBJECTIVE: We show that psychophysiologically driven real-time adaptive aiding significantly enhances performance in a complex aviation task. A further goal was to assess the importance of individual operator capabilities when providing adaptive aiding. BACKGROUND: Psychophysiological measures are useful for monitoring cognitive workload in laboratory and real-world settings. They can be recorded without intruding into task performance and can be analyzed in real time, making them candidates for providing operator functional state estimates. These estimates could be used to determine if and when system intervention should be provided to assist the operator to improve system performance. METHODS: Adaptive automation was implemented while operators performed an uninhabited aerial vehicle task. Psychophysiological data were collected and an artificial neural network was used to detect periods of high and low mental workload in real time. The high-difficulty task levels used to initiate the adaptive automation were determined separately for each operator, and a group-derived mean difficulty level was also used. RESULTS: Psychophysiologically determined aiding significantly improved performance when compared with the no-aiding conditions. Improvement was greater when adaptive aiding was provided based on individualized criteria rather than on group-derived criteria. The improvements were significantly greater than when the aiding was randomly provided. CONCLUSION: These results show that psychophysiologically determined operator functional state assessment in real time led to performance improvement when included in closed loop adaptive automation with a complex task. APPLICATION: Potential future applications of this research include enhanced workstations using adaptive aiding that would be driven by operator functional state. Language: en
Impact of Plasma Transfusion in Trauma Patients Who Do Not Require Massive Transfusion

Background For trauma patients requiring massive blood transfusion, aggressive plasma usage has been demonstrated to confer a survival advantage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of plasma administration in nonmassively transfused patients. Study Design Trauma patients admitted to a Level I trauma center (2000–2005) requiring a nonmassive transfusion ( Results The 1,716 patients (86.1% of 1,933 who received PRBC transfusion) received a nonmassive transfusion. After exclusion of 31 (1.8%) early deaths, 284 patients receiving plasma were matched to patients who did not. There was no improvement in survival with plasma transfusion (17.3% versus 14.1%; p=0.30) irrespective of the plasma-to-PRBC ratio achieved. However, the overall complication rate was significantly higher for patients receiving plasma (26.8% versus 18.3%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.4; p=0.016). As the volume of plasma increased, an increase in complications was seen, reaching 37.5% for patients receiving >6 U. The ARDS rate specifically was also significantly higher in patients receiving plasma (9.9% versus 3.5%, OR=3.0; 95% CI, 1.4–6.2; p=0.004]. Patients receiving >6 U plasma had a 12-fold increase in ARDS, a 6-fold increase in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and a 4-fold increase in pneumonia and sepsis. Conclusions For nonmassively transfused trauma patients, plasma administration was associated with a substantial increase in complications, in particular ARDS, with no improvement in survival. An increase in multiple organ dysfunction, pneumonia, and sepsis was likewise seen as increasing volumes of plasma were transfused. The optimal trigger for initiation of a protocol for aggressive plasma infusion warrants prospective evaluation.
Implications of the Northridge and Kobe Earthquakes for the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program

T he Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994 and the Kobe earthquake, which occurred one year to the day later on January 17, 1995 were both very damaging and disturbing events. The magnitude 6.7 Northridge earthquake occurred on a blind thrust fault that had not been identified as a potential seismic source, produced near-fault ground motions that were about 50% stronger than expected, and caused brittle failures in the moment frame connections of steel buildings located well away from the region of strongest shaking. Although the loss of life was moderate, in part due to its early morning occurrence, the earthquake caused direct losses estimated at about $30 billion. Although the magnitude 7 Kobe earthquake was not surprising geologically, it occurred on a relatively inactive fault in a region that conventional wisdom (and governmental policy) had grown to regard as being of low seismic risk. The scale of death and destruction...
Combining Genres: How Practice Matters

The notion of a genre system typically connotes sequences of interrelated communicative genres. This paper suggests that we can find other types of relationships among genres. Data from a field study in a large emergency room illustrates how doctors, nurses, and clerical staff routinely combine document genres not only in sequences, but also in accumulations achieved by proximity or through movement. The combinations of genres add flexibility to the ER staffs genre use and allow them to employ individual genres for several purposes. The data allows us to explore how organizational members manage the tension between continuity in genre expectations and a need for flexibility in regard to paper-based and digital media. In addition, it demonstrates how end-users often tinker with genres materiality and form in the process of affording or constraining combinations among specific genres.
Habitat use and diet of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in coastal areas of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.

ABSTRACT The non-indigenous round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has caused considerable impact in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We sampled round gobies in shoreline habitats and tributary systems of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron to determine patterns of habitat use and diet, including the extent dreissenid mussels were consumed. Along the shoreline, round goby catch did not significantly differ based on the presence of emergent vegetation, but deeper habitats were preferred relative to shallow areas closer to shore. In tributary systems, submersed aquatic vegetation in coastal lakes was preferred. The majority of round gobies were small, generally between 3 and 7 cm, and had diets comprised mainly of zooplankton and dipterans with few dreissenids. Our results indicate that the round goby has invaded coastal areas inconsistently across habitat types and that the species can proliferate in the absence of dreissenid mussels.
Is there a need for cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition

For the past twenty years, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) has been the primary target of therapeutic approaches to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD). Reduction of plasma LDL-C has been successfully achieved by lifestyle changes, treatment by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, the statins, and most recently, with cholesterol absorption inhibition via ezetimibe.1 However, the identification of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) as an independent risk factor for CHD, with the recognition that higher plasma HDL-C is associated with a decreased incidence of coronary events,2 has prompted research for new therapeutic agents that raise HDL-C. The hope is that raising HDL-C will signal an increase in the movement of cholesterol from the periphery back to the liver (the so-called reverse cholesterol transport or RCT pathway) and protection from CHD will follow. In the February issue of Atherosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology , Barter and colleagues3 provide an interesting review focusing on the plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) as a novel target for raising HDL-C thereby reducing CHD. Their suggestion is that the time may be right for clinical trials to test this concept. Should we support this position? See February, page 160 CETP is a hydrophobic plasma glycoprotein, mainly synthesized in the liver, possessing the unique ability to facilitate the transfer of cholesteryl ester (CE). HDLs are lipoprotein particles formed in the plasma compartment.4 Apolipoprotein (apo)A-I interacts on cell surfaces with the ABCA1 transporter and becomes lipidated with phospholipid and cholesterol. Subsequently, the enzyme LCAT interacts with these newly formed lipoproteins and catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl esters from the phospholipids and cholesterol of the nascent HDL. Cholesteryl esters are highly hydrophobic lipids that form the core of lipoprotein particles and can only leave plasma …
Patient acceptance and effectiveness of a balanced lavage solution (Golytely) versus the standard preparation for colonoscopy.

An oral electrolyte solution containing 125 mM/L sodium, 10 mM/L potassium, 80 mM/L sulfate, 20 mM/L bicarbonate, and 80 mM of polyethylene glycol, and associated with little water or electrolyte absorption from the gut was recently described in this journal. To determine the efficacy of this solution (Golytely) for colonoscopy, 20 consecutive patients were randomized to either a standard colonoscopy prep or Golytely. Both preps resulted in a feces-free colon, allowing colonoscopy to the cecum in most cases. Although Golytely produced mild cramps (3 of 12) and transient fullness (6 of 12 vs. 0 of 8 with standard prep, p
Evaluation of different methods of cattle hip height data collection 1

Reporting accurate cattle hip height is important for calculation of frame score and expected progeny differences. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the accuracy of the following hip height collection methods: visual appraisal using a premeasured board placed on the opposite side of the animal from the observer (VIS), measurement of the difference in distance down to the hips from the distance down to the floor with a descending tape placed above the animal (TPE), and measurement using an altitude stick (STK); 2) determine if head restraint affects hip height data accuracy; and 3) assess reproducibility of hip height measurements using different observers. Hip heights were collected on cows (n = 329) and calves (n = 341). Cow hip height was greater (P < 0.01) for TPE than VIS and STK (135.3, 133.8, and 133.8 ± 0.2 cm, respectively). There was a significant interaction for restraint × chute score (CS) for cows (P < 0.01) and calves (P < 0.03). Hip height was greater (P < 0.01) for calves with heads unrestrained (110.2 ± 0.2 cm) compared with restrained (108.3 ± 0.2 cm) in a squeeze chute. As CS increased (1, 2, 3), calf hip height (110.4 ± 0.1; 109.7 ± 0.2; 107.7 ± 0.3 cm, respectively) decreased (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation coefficients between observers were significant (P < 0.01) and all 0.86 or greater, indicating that the measurements were quite reproducible. Hip height measurements can vary due to collection method, head restraint, and CS.
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS UPON COMPOSITION OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN DEPOT FAT AND ERYTHROCYTES OF THE RAT.

The fatty acid Composition of lipids from erythrocytes and depot fat of rats whose diet was supplemented with various levels of linoleate, arachidonate, or linolenate has been investigated. Dietary linoleate and linolenate are incorporated into the depot fat. The ratio of eicosatrienoic acid to eicosatetraenoic acid, derived from the analysis of depot fat, decreases with increasing amounts of all three dietary essential fatty acids (EFA) in the same manner as observed in organ lipids. The composition of the unsaturated fatty acids of erythrocyte lipids is altered readily by increasing amounts of dietary EFA. The concentration of 20: 3 is lowered extensively by all three EFA. The synthesis of arachidonate is inhibited by dietary linolenate and 20:5 and 22:5ω3 (double bond between third and fourth carbow from ω end) can be detected only in animals given linolenate.
Laminar Flow Between Rotating Porous Disks

A perturbation solution of the equations of motion for steady, incompressible, laminar flow between a porous rotating disk and a stationary nonporous disk has been obtained. The solution obtained is valid for small wall Reynolds numbers and various values of the rotation coefficient, α=2h\U3\N ω\U2\N/v V, in which \Ih\N = the distance between disks, ω = the angular velocity, \IV\N = the magnitude of suction or injection velocity, and \Iv\N = the kinematic viscosity. Expressions for the velocity, pressure, viscous stress, and resisting moment are presented.
Rational Choice and Freudian Accounts of Cooperation

In this paper we discuss one of the richest psychological conceptions of individuals – that offered by Sigmund Freud – in relation to rational choice theory. The purpose is twofold. First, we use coordination games to translate some of Freud's ideas into a choice theoretic framework; including the three central components of Freudian psychoanalysis, the id, ego, and superego. Second, we use this framework to suggest a deeper and richer psychological characterization of the individual within the choice theoretic framework. Freud's more complex view of individuals provides a potentially deeper understanding of social interaction within the rational choice approach. This paper therefore contributes to psychology and economics within the larger field of behavioral economics We focus on Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents (1930) to discuss both the rational choice and the Freudian conception of the relationship between the individual and society, to note points of commonality and divergence, and to understand the consequences of these differences for models of social behavior. Freud makes two theoretical contributions in this work. The first parallels recent scholarship in rational choice in discussing the relationship between individual behavior and social outcomes. Both approaches emphasize, for example, that individuals bear a cost for participating in schemes of social cooperation and interaction. In Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud goes beyond this idea, attempting to show the implications of his interpretation of society for the individual, an analysis absent from rational choice analysis. Freud argues that individuals bear a psychological cost in fulfilling the demands and obligations of civilization. Participation in society requires that individuals suppress their desires in order to realize the gains from cooperation. The implications from the second part of Freud’s analysis allow us to study the limits of the standard rational choice conception of the individual.
IBM system G Social Media Solution: Analyze multimedia content, people, and network dynamics in context

We present IBM System G Social Media Solution, which includes a suite of applications designed for in-context monitoring, exploration, and analysis of social multimedia content as well as related people and network dynamics. Each individual application focuses on a unique aspect of social media data analysis in relevant context; collectively, they provide a comprehensive set of tools for exploring and analyzing real-time and historical social media data at large scale. The solution is empowered by a unified data management platform, based on a property graph model, to efficiently handle a large variety of social media applications.
Solving the Legal Profession's Diversity Problem

Among both diverse and white lawyers, there is a widespread perception that the legal profession's lack of diversity is due to a lack of moral resolve. As a result, each successive generation of leadership pledges to deepen its level of commitment. This article argues that the lack of progress is attributable to a systems problem rather than a moral deficit. A careful examination of relevant data reveal that the biggest areas of bottleneck are hiring, work allocation, and lawyer development systems that are rooted in tradition and past practice and rather than science. The evidence suggests that if we design and implement better systems, out the other side will flow successful diverse lawyers in roughly the same proportion as the number we managed to hire several years earlier.
Bronchogenic carcinoma and the peripheral neuromyopathies.

Case studies of five patients with neuro-myopathic syndromes secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma illustrate the variations of neurologic diseases found in this malignancy. Recognition of this syndrome may be important in the early diagnosis and treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma. The cause of neuromyopathies secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma remains obscure; however, a metabolic abnormality common to all the extrapulmonary manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma may yet be documented.
Calcium Oxalate Crystalluria

Calcium oxalate crystals were obtained from urine specimens submitted to a hospital laboratory. The incidence of crystalluria was 4.2 per cent of 42 times the maximum reported incidence of urinary calculi. In our opinion the crystalluria was real and not artifactual. The crystalline structure was determined by polarized light, x-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. Calcium oxalate occurs in several forms--the dihydrate as bipyramidal and dodecahedral prisms, the monohydrate as biconcave ovals, dumbbell shapes and intermediate forms.
Introduction and Formulation of the Model

The theory of discrete time stochastic control systems has received impetus from two directions. First, the area, which is followed here in the matter of terminology and notation, is that of engineering applications; and second is the area of sequential statistical decision theory. Though, in their most general formulations, the models used in the two areas are equivalent, the motivation and emphasis is often quite different.
Judith Malina and the Living Theatre: Storming the Barricades and Creating Collectively

This chapter revisits Judith Malina’s history with the Living Theatre, and considers the closure of the Clinton Street storefront theatre, Judith Malina’s move to the Lillian Booth Actors Home late in her life, Malina’s final productions, and her ongoing engagement with the Occupy protests. Malina’s early street theatre is one of the central roots or inspirations for the recent Occupy Movement. While, as the chapter contends, Malina did not fail to recognize this genealogy—as her final theatre works reveal—perhaps the Movement did.
Large-Scale Machine Learning at Verizon: Theory and Applications

This talk will cover recent innovations in large-scale machine learning and their applications on massive, real-world data sets at Verizon. These applications power new revenue generating products and services for the company and are hosted on a massive computing and storage platform known as Orion. We will discuss the architecture of Orion and the underlying algorithmic framework. We will also cover some of the real-world aspects of building a new organization dedicated to creating new product lines based on data science.
High sensitivity handheld analog readout circuit for microfluidic based electrical impedance sensing

In this paper, we present a novel lock-in-amplifier design analog readout of a microfluidic based impedance cytometer which is portable, low cost and capable of detecting 8 micron bead with a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 184. Phase mismatch between sensor signal and the reference signal, which is a major concern in lock-in-amplifier design does not pose any problem in our detection technique. The circuit board was tested with gold electrodes micro-patterned on a glass substrate. This design can be further improved for submicron biological cell characterization and detection while we can miniaturize the circuit size and reduce cost significantly.
Implementation of a real-time wireless interference alignment network

Interference alignment (IA) is a cooperative transmission technique for the interference channel. This paper describes two testbeds that implement real-time Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) IA for a network with three 2-antenna user pairs using software defined radio techniques: a PC-based testbed for rapid prototyping of potential IA protocols and an embedded testbed for evaluating IA under real-world computational constraints. The IA implementations rely on a wired backbone to share global channel state information (CSI) and a shared clock for frequency and timing synchronization. The testbeds are used to demonstrate the viability of IA, and to compare its robustness with several alternative transmission strategies, such as 2 × 2 MIMO TDMA, in terms of sum-rates. Results show that we are able to successfully achieve over-the-air IA in our three-user 2×2 MIMO testbed. The paper highlights key challenges with the practical realization of IA that are encountered while developing the testbed and identifies areas for future research.
Adult with Ileocolic Intussusceptions

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Lee-Kong S, Pavilion HI (2015) Adult with Ileocolic Intussusceptions. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 2:039 Received: May 15, 2015: Accepted: June 24, 2015: Published: June 27, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Lee-Kong S. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ISSN: 2378-3656 Lee-Kong and Pavilion. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 2015, 2:2
Formation enthalpies for transition metal alloys using machine learning

The enthalpy of formation is an important thermodynamic property. Developing fast and accurate methods for its prediction is of practical interest in a variety of applications. Material informatics techniques based on machine learning have recently been introduced in the literature as an inexpensive means of exploiting materials data, and can be used to examine a variety of thermodynamics properties. We investigate the use of such machine learning tools for predicting the formation enthalpies of binary intermetallic compounds that contain at least one transition metal. We consider certain easily available properties of the constituting elements complemented by some basic properties of the compounds, to predict the formation enthalpies. We show how choosing these properties (input features) based on a literature study (using prior physics knowledge) seems to outperform machine learning based feature selection methods such as sensitivity analysis and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) based methods. A nonlinear kernel based support vector regression method is employed to perform the predictions. The predictive ability of our model is illustrated via several experiments on a dataset containing 648 binary alloys. We train and validate the model using the formation enthalpies calculated using a model by Miedema, which is a popular semiempirical model used for the prediction of formation enthalpies of metal alloys.
Measures of Ventricular-Arterial Coupling and Incident Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Matched Case-Control Analysis.

Abstract Background Evidence continues to demonstrate increasing prevalence, cost, and mortality implications of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but clearly defined parameters that distinguish between control subjects and HFpEF have not been established. Objectives This study was designed to detect differences in markers associated with Ventricular-arterial coupling and HFpEF when comparing matched case and control groups. Methods A study cohort of case (incident patients with HFpEF; n = 155) and matched control (patients with no prior heart failure; n = 155) groups was retrospectively identified. Matching criteria included race, sex, age, and date of echocardiography (within 1 year). Physiologic and echocardiographic markers were collected from previously acquired transthoracic echocardiograms. These echocardiographic images were reanalyzed, and measures of ventricular-arterial coupling were calculated. Using conditional logistic regression and controlling for covariates, models were fitted to detect differences in HFpEF markers between case and control subjects. Results Statistically significant differences in markers that reflect ventricular elastance (Ees; P = .007) and left atrial diameter (LAdiam; P = .04) were detected when comparing the case and control groups. Conditional logistic regression analyses suggested a 40% higher odds of being in the case group with every 1-unit increase in Ees (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.79) and a 2.92 times higher odds of being in the case group for every 1 cm increase in LAdiam (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.064–7.994). Conclusions Ees and LAdiam are easily measurable echocardiographic markers that may have a role in identifying and tracking the progression toward incident HFpEF without increasing cost or risk to the patient. Prospective studies are indicated to explore the use of Ees and LAdiam as predictors of impending HFpEF.
Organ Donation: When Consent Confronts Refusal

While an individual might sign consent to donate organs after death, a spouse or other family member often still question the right of the hospital to retrieve organs. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Abstract 20145: Multiple Novel Plasma Biomarkers are Associated With Aortic Stenosis

Introduction: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) can progress to aortic stenosis (AS) when the remodeling of valve tissue is sufficiently severe to result in hemodynamic changes. The discovery of biomarkers represents a complementary approach to echocardiography in stratifying risk and timing of intervention in CAVD, and has the advantage of providing insight into potential causal factors for the disease. Only a limited number of circulating plasma biomarkers have been reported to be associated with AS and there are no medical therapies to prevent or slow the progression of CAVD. Objective: We leveraged an academic biobank linked to electronic health record data to generate a large AS case/control sample. We then utilized a multiplexed biomarker approach to novel biomarker discovery. Methods/Results: We applied natural language processing algorithms to cardiac ECHO reports and intersected results with the Penn Medicine Biobank to generate a sample of 1,071 patients with a range of AS (mild to severe), and age and sex matched controls (n=1,026). As expected, plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] were significantly higher in subjects with AS (54.0 +/- 2.4 mg/dl) compared with controls (42.8 +/- 1.9 mg/dl, p=3.0E-04). Banked plasma samples were screened against a panel of 50 candidate biomarkers using Luminex Bead Assays. Using multivariable modeling to control for clinical covariates and after correcting for multiple testing, 11 proteins were found to be significantly different in AS subjects with a Bonferroni corrected p-value of 1E-3. We confirmed previous reports of increased pro-BNP (p=7.4E-09), and FGF-23 (p=7.7E-06) in subjects with AS and identified 9 novel circulating proteins that are significantly different in AS, including syndecan-4 (p=1.1E-10) and GDF-15 (p=4.6E-09). Conclusions: Biomarker discovery for CAVD and AS represents a new approach to diagnosis and can shed light on disease pathogenesis. We report 9 novel biomarkers significantly different in AS patients compared with matched controls using a large case-control study.
Fetal lactic acidosis with epidural anesthesia

Three hundred thirty-six consecutive cesarean deliveries performed under epidural anesthesia were reviewed. Twenty per cent of mothers suffered at least a 20% fall in blood pressure following administration of epidural anesthesia. An additional 24% required ephedrine, a vasopressor with predominantly beta activity, when other corrective measures failed. Thus, 44% of these patients suffered significant hypotension. Forty-one percent of all elective repeat cesarean sections were treated wih ephedrine because of maternal hypotension. Fifty-one patients delivered by scheduled repeat cesarean section were divided into ephedrine-treated and untreated groups. There were no differences in Apgar scores among infants of both groups. Fetal acidosis was proportional to the severity of hypotension and the ephedrine dose. The metabolic abnormalities were most pronounced when severe hypotension, requiring over 15 mg of ephedrine, was present. Following restoration of blood pressure with conventional measures and ephedrine therapy, lactic acidosis persisted until delivery, whereas PO2 and PCO2 reverted toward normal values. The hypoperfusion of the intervillous space was the most likely cause of the observed significant umbilical venous and arterial lactic acidosis. Maternal hypotension remains a significant problem complicating conduction anesthesia.