cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward Distributed Contingency Screening Using Line Flow Calculators and Dynamic Line Rating Units (DLRs)

In this paper, we propose a qualitatively new approach for calculating power flows accurately in a distributed way, by which transmission lines are equipped with smart distributed line flow calculators. A mathematical formulation underlying this distributed power flow calculator is described. These line flow calculators use minimal information about their own characteristics, and communicate with the nodes to which they are directly connected and with the neighboring transmission lines only. Based on this information exchange they compute in a distributed way their own line flows very accurately. This is done without having to exchange any information with the system operator. When combined with the dynamic line rating units (DLRs) placed at the same lines which accurately estimate thermal line flow limits, these smart line calculators autonomously detect the proximity to the thermal limits and could signal to the system operator their status. This is a qualitatively different approach capable of monitoring transmission line congestion status. The method is equally effective for both normal and contingency conditions. Information about topology must only be exchanged between line calculators and neighboring components. As such, this method could become very powerful for implementing Wide Area Situational Awareness (WASA) in a distributed way. Preliminary simulations demonstrate the feasibility of this algorithm for an arbitrary sized system, without loss of generality, the IEEE 14 bus system is used to show how the algorithm would work for any large scale system.
A morphological and somatotopic analysis of single unit activity in the trigeminal sensory complex of the cat.

Abstract The receptive fields of 788 neurons have been studied in order to reconstruct the relation of the spatial projection of the integument of the face onto different portions of the sensory trigeminal nuclear complex. At all rostrocaudal levels extending from the principal sensory nucleus to the upper cervical cord, the face is represented with the mandibular division lying dorsally, the ophthalmic division at the ventral surface and the interior of the buccal cavity in the medial portion. Thus each point on the face is represented by a colum of cells extending from the level of the principal V nucleus to at least the lower medulla or upper cervical cord. For a given zone of innervation, neurons within these columns can be excited by delicate tactile stimuli applied to receptive fields of a relatively narrow size range. The trigeminal tactile region of the brain stem conforms within the limits of the experimental method to the morphologically defined trigeminal sensory complex except for some findings beyond its medial limits, as usually defined, concerned with buccal cavity innervation. A revision of the subdivision of the architectonic units of the trigeminal complex is suggested on the basis of morphological and functional evidence.
The time is now: a proposed team-centered approach to a patient safety checklist for interventional radiology procedures

Learning Objectives 1) Highlight the importance and demonstrate the need for patient safety checklist in IR procedures. 2) Describe the WHO surgical checklist that is recommended to reduce complications associated with surgery. 3) Demonstrate how these concepts can be applied to the field of Interventional Radiology (IR), and introduce the importance of a team approach to improving patient safety. Background Extensive outcomes research in the surgical community has demonstrated a 3-17% risk of major complications and that approximately 50% of all surgical complications are avoidable. There has been little corresponding research for IR. A team at the World Health Organization (WHO) has designed a 19-item checklist to reduce the rate of surgical complications. Implementation of the checklist was associated with a 36% drop in post-operative complications and death. The purpose of this electronic exhibit is to describe a proposed patient safety-oriented, team-centered checklist for use in IR. Clinical Findings/Procedure Details Utilizing WHO criteria, we have adapted the checklist to emphasize a team approach to patient safety, divided into three major categories. 1) Preprocedure briefing : All members of the IR team meet as a team at the beginning of the day, including: nursing staff, technologists, physician assistants, trainees, and attendings. In order for the Pre-Procedure Briefing to have maximum impact, every member must be prepared to discuss all patients. All nursing staff review the pertinent medical and procedural history, and history of prior sedation use. All physicians review patient history and relevant imaging studies. 2) Time-out : The purpose of the time out is to confirm the patient identity, site, and procedure. At this time, all present parties have an opportunity to re-address present specific concerns regarding the procedure. 3) Postprocedure sign-out : During this time period, the team should review the key concerns for post-procedure patient recovery. Conclusion and/or Teaching Points 1). Patient safety is paramount. 2). Utilizing a checklist has been shown to improve surgical outcomes. 3). A three-step approach involving physicians, nurses, and technologistsworking together as a team can be utilized to implement the procedure checklist.
Biological therapies for Alzheimer's disease: focus on trophic factors.

Recent revolutionary discoveries in the structure and function of the nervous system have substantiated the early optimism expressed by Ramon y Cajal on the regenerative potential of neurons. A systematic study of the mechanisms of neural injury and repair has generated exciting new ideas on how to assist the innate restorative potential of the nervous system by using substances that address specific pathogenetic events (biological or rational therapies). The greatest challenge for these interventions is the prevention of neuronal cell death, which is the inevitable outcome of many common diseases of the nervous system and which limits the efficacy of more traditional treatment approaches (i.e., approaches to restore the neuronal phenotype). Trophic factors are excellent candidates because they are naturally implemented to promote the survival of neurons in development. Among many neurological diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a model for consideration of a trophic therapy because of its grave epidemiological impact and the massive death of neurons in multiple brain sites. In the present paper, we propose an approach to design trophic therapies for AD, considering also the pertinent clinical and ethical issues. We also integrate the trophic approach with other ways to promote neural regeneration, including the use of small organic molecules. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is used as a paradigmatic trophic factor, because of a wealth of evidence for its robust effects on working memory (i.e., a type of cognition that is severely impaired in AD); other trophic factors, discussed in the text, may also have the potential as drugs for this disorder. It is likely that a comprehensive approach to treat AD will involve multiple substances selective for particular pathogenetic events and nerve cell types.
TrajStore: An adaptive storage system for very large trajectory data sets

The rise of GPS and broadband-speed wireless devices has led to tremendous excitement about a range of applications broadly characterized as “location based services”. Current database storage systems, however, are inadequate for manipulating the very large and dynamic spatio-temporal data sets required to support such services. Proposals in the literature either present new indices without discussing how to cluster data, potentially resulting in many disk seeks for lookups of densely packed objects, or use static quadtrees or other partitioning structures, which become rapidly suboptimal as the data or queries evolve. As a result of these performance limitations, we built TrajStore, a dynamic storage system optimized for efficiently retrieving all data in a particular spatiotemporal region. TrajStore maintains an optimal index on the data and dynamically co-locates and compresses spatially and temporally adjacent segments on disk. By letting the storage layer evolve with the index, the system adapts to incoming queries and data and is able to answer most queries via a very limited number of I/Os, even when the queries target regions containing hundreds or thousands of different trajectories.
Measuring the top-quark Yukawa coupling at hadron colliders via tt̄h,h-->W + W -

We study the signal and backgrounds for the process $t\overline{t}h,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{h}{W}^{+}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a 100 TeV Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC). Signals are studied in two-, three-, and four-lepton final states. We find a statistical uncertainty in the top-quark Yukawa coupling at the LHC of $16%,8%,12%$ for ${m}_{h}=130,160,190 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The statistical uncertainty at the VLHC is likely to be negligible in comparison with the systematic uncertainty.
BROMELIACEAE OF SURINAME

In the course of preparing a treatment of the Bromeliaceae for the “Flora of Suriname” four new species have been encountered and are here recorded for the first time.
Federal legislation for rights of persons with mental illness: obstacles to implementation.

The nature and purpose of federal legislation providing independent advocacy for persons with mental illness are discussed and the significant obstacles to successful implementation of this legislation-structure, stakeholders, roles, goal-setting, use of resources, and co-optation-are analyzed.
Numerical conformal mapping of circular arc polygons

Abstract Howell, L.H., Numerical conformal mapping of circular arc polygons, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 46 (1993) 7–28. Solutions to the Schwarzian differential equation are conformal maps from the upper half-plane to circular arc polygons, plane regions bounded by straight line segments and arbitrary arcs of circles. We develop methods for numerically integrating this equation, both directly and through the use of a related linear differential equation. Particular attention is given to the behavior near corner singularities. We also derive alternate versions of the transformation which map from the unit disk and from an infinite strip. While the former may be of primarily theoretical interest, the latter can be used to map highly elongated regions such as channels for internal flow problems. Such regions are difficult or impossible to map from the disk or the half-plane due to the so-called crowding phenomenon.
Ion/molecule reactions of atmospheric ions with dimethyl-methylphosphonate

Abstract Rate coefficients and product-ion yields have been determined for ion/molecule reactions of several atmospheric ions with dimethyl-methylphosphonate. The measurements were carried out using a selected-ion drift tube mass spectrometer. Most reactions are found to proceed by dissociative charge transfer. Those of nitric oxide ions in the electronic ground state occur by three-body association; those of hydronium ions occur by proton transfer.
The Big Secret: Film Noir and Nuclear Fear

(1994). The Big Secret: Film Noir and Nuclear Fear. Journal of Popular Film and Television: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 79-90.
Evaluation of Effects Caused by High Copper Concentrations in Torch Lake, Michigan, on Reproduction of Yellow Perch

Abstract Elevated concentrations of copper are present in Torch Lake, Michigan, an Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site. The sauger ( Stizostedion canadense ) population in Torch Lake has been extirpated and walleye ( Stizostedion vitreum ) populations are maintained by stocking. We used yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ) to determine if chronic exposure to elevated copper concentrations has reduced the reproductive success of percids. Ripe yellow perch from Torch Lake and Gratiot Lake, a reference site, were captured between 6 May and 6 June 1990. Crosses were made within each lake and between lakes (both combinations); five pairs of each type were attempted. Portions of each egg mass were reared in Torch Lake water (34 ng/mL copper) and reference site water (Rice Lake) until 4 days posthatch (20-d to 28-d). Copper concentrations were found to be over two times as high as in reference samples both in Torch Lake water and in gonads of perch from Torch Lake. The percentages of eggs hatched in Torch Lake and reference lake water were not significantly different, although a trend of reduced hatch in Torch Lake water was apparent. Likewise, no significant differences were indicated in hatching success among crosses. However, duration of hatching was significantly longer for Torch Lake egg masses than for reference lake egg masses, indicating that copper may affect reproductive success through disruption of hatch coordination with food availability or reduction of larval fitness.
Balancing Political Views on the Campus

Sara Hebel writes in “Patrolling Professors’ Politics” appearing in The Chronicle of Higher Education that some college students who hold conservative views may experience feelings of alienation on campuses dominated by liberal beliefs. Often students with sympathy for rightist political positions feel forced to listen to professors declare their leftist opinions in the classroom, and some students even claim that their grades have been adversely affected because their values and views differ from those of their professors.
Westergaard stress functions for displacement-prescribed cracks-II. Extension to mixed problems

The single stress functions approach of Westergaard has often been conveniently used for a certain class of stress-prescribed crack problems. In the previous study, the Westergaard approach was successfully extended to displacement-prescribed crack problems. In this paper, the approach was further extended to the combined problem of displacement-prescribed cracks and stress-prescribed cracks. The method developed in the present paper simplifies the analysis of the mixed problem of interest. Several simple examples were discussed in detail to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method presented.
Implantable Loop Recorder in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction A Glimpse of Reality

Prevention of sudden death after myocardial infarction (MI) is a challenge on which governmental agencies and industry have spent millions of dollars over the past 3 decades. Although survival of patients after MI has improved over this time period, the major cause of this improvement derives from reduction of infarct size as a result of aggressive reperfusion with thrombolytic agents and percutaneous coronary intervention, as well as evolution of pharmacological management after the acute phase of MI, including β-adrenergic blocking agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. In spite of these advances, we have seen little or no reduction in the relative contribution of sudden death to overall cardiac mortality after MI: Thirty years ago, sudden death accounted for approximately 50% of cardiac deaths in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≤0.40 after MI.1,2 Observations since the institution of reperfusion therapy for acute MI suggest the relative proportion of sudden deaths has declined to approximately 30% of cardiac deaths in some studies3,4; however, other analyses find that sudden death remains the cause of one-half of all cardiac mortality after MI.5 In this issue of Circulation , we see that sudden death accounted for 50% of cardiac mortality in patients with recent MI and EF ≤0.40.6 Article see p 1258 These findings document that in spite of recent impressive declines in mortality due to coronary disease, sudden death remains a significant challenge. This challenge persists for multiple reasons. First, sudden death in patients with coronary disease and MI is not a single entity; its mechanisms are heterogeneous and change over time after MI. The heterogeneity of mechanisms means one test will not suffice to identify all patients at risk, and one treatment modality will not be optimal for …
Fluid substitution in multimineralic rocks with large mineral stiffness contrast

ABSTRACTBrown and Korringa extended Gassmann’s fluid substitution relation for bulk modulus to multimineralic rocks with interconnected pores. Their strikingly simple yet general result requires two additional bulk stiffnesses, which despite mathematical elegance, are less intuitive than those required by Gassmann. This creates a practical problem, so much so that even though virtually all rocks are multimineralic, in practice, Brown and Korringa’s result is seldom used. We revisited this fluid substitution problem and obtained an exact relation for the bulk modulus, which, much like Brown and Korringa’s result, required two additional bulk stiffnesses. Although fundamentally identical to Brown and Korringa, our exact solution algebraically differs from Brown and Korringa’s result, and features two different additional bulk stiffnesses. This reformulation of Brown and Korringa’s result led to strict constraints and new approximations for fluid substitution. Estimates using these new approximations spanned...
Patellofemoral pain: an update on diagnostic and treatment options

Patellofemoral pain is a frequent and often challenging clinical problem. It affects females more than males and includes many different pathologic entities that result in pain in the anterior aspect of the knee. Diagnosis of the specific cause of pain can be difficult and requires assessment of lower extremity strength, alignment, and range of motion, as well as specific patella alignment, tracking, and mobility. The treatment for patellofemoral pain is usually conservative with anti-inflammatory medications, activity modification, and a specific physical therapy program focusing on strengthening and flexibility. Infrequently, surgical treatment may be indicated after a non-operative program fails. The outcomes of surgical management may include debridement, lateral release, and realignment of the extensor mechanism to unload the patellofemoral articulation are favorable.
Characteristics of Canine Melanomas and Comparison of Histology and DNA Ploidy to Their Biologic Behavior

The biologic behavior of 179 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine melanomas was correlated with their histologic appearance. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of DNA content was performed on 54 of these tumors. Histologic examination accurately predicted clinical course in 89% of the melanomas with known behavior. Flow cytometry accurately predicted behavior in 93% of tumors with diagnostic histograms and demonstrated malignant features in 100% of metastases from malignant oral tumors; histograms were nondiagnostic for 15% of tumors tested. Histologic examination, flow cytometry, and biologic behavior were in agreement for 93% of the tumors with diagnostic histograms. Interpretive problems were encountered in analyzing heavily pigmented melanomas using this flow cytometery technique.
High Levels of Alfalfa Meal in Diets for Chickens

Abstract THE results of experiments previous to those of Alder (1946) indicated that mashes fed to poultry should contain only rather small quantities of alfalfa meal. The common opinion was that its fiber content prevented the advantageous inclusion of more than 5 to 7½ percent in mashes for either growing or laying chickens. However, the data of Alder (1946) showed that mashes for turkeys fed a mash-grain diet could contain as much as 30 or 35 percent alfalfa meal without adversely affecting their weight or feed consumption per pound of gain by the time they were 29 weeks old. These data apparently stimulated new investigations at several experiment stations to determine the maximum level at which alfalfa meal can be included safely in mashes for chickens. Cooney and associates (1948) reported the results of an experiment in which dehydrated alfalfa meal at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 percent levels . . .
Teaching "Consciousness" at the Lower Division Level

The often esoteric nature of dialogues about "consciousness" which take place in academic circles stands far removed from treatments of the same topic in lower division college classrooms. There, any detailed discussion of the various definitions which have been advanced for this term is likely to lead to frustration on the part of students who have not yet attained the requisite knowledge for appreciating this divergence of opinions. When teaching classes to introductory students, instructors can provide opportunities for students to appreciate the diversity of their own experiences in addition to using more traditional pedagogic methods. In this paper, the author will describe several of the techniques which he has found useful in opening students up to the various panoramas within their minds.
Dynamic range of semiconductor laser in the presence of external cavity

This paper presents experimental observations of dynamic range of a laser diode in the presence of external optical feedback. The external cavity provides an efficient frequency response over a narrow band for high frequency carrier signals, while reducing the relative intensity noise for data signals away from the natural resonant frequency. The experimental results show that the spurious free dynamic range can be improved at least by 8 dB using optical feedback over a broad bandwidth. This technique can be used to simultaneously transmit high quality data signals as well as high frequency carrier signals. >
Risk Factors for Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of critically ill patients. The impact of different risk factors associated with this entity in the ICU setting is unknown. Objectives. The purpose of this research was to assess the risk factors associated with the development of AKI in critically ill patients by meta-analyses of observational studies. Data Extraction. Two reviewers independently and in duplicate used a standardized form to collect data from published reports. Authors were contacted for missing data. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale assessed study quality. Data Synthesis. Data from 31 diverse studies that enrolled 504,535 critically ill individuals from a wide variety of ICUs were included. Separate random-effects meta-analyses demonstrated a significantly increased risk of AKI with older age, diabetes, hypertension, higher baseline creatinine, heart failure, sepsis/systemic inflammatory response syndrome, use of nephrotoxic drugs, higher severity of disease scores, use of vasopressors/inotropes, high risk surgery, emergency surgery, use of intra-aortic balloon pump, and longer time in cardiopulmonary bypass pump. Conclusion. The best available evidence suggests an association of AKI with 13 different risk factors in subjects admitted to the ICU. Predictive models for identification of high risk individuals for developing AKI in all types of ICU are required.
A Final Comment on Invertebrate Immunity

It is often assumed that we know enough about the immune mechanisms of animals to arrange them in linear sequence from the first eukaryote cell through to man. There is no compelling reason to believe that this is true. The underlying assumption made is that protective devices found in one group are elaborated in the next, more complex group. This is not true for other homeostatic devices, and the evidence available now does not support the notion that there has been straight-line evolution of immune mechanisms. Invertebrates have been around longer than vertebrates and have found a variety of solutions to common problems in the course of their evolutionary histories. The findings reported in this volume support this contention.
Importance of plant sources of magnesium for human health

Based on established dietary reference intakes (DRIs) (e.g. estimated average requirements, recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), and reference nutrient intakes), magnesium (Mg) deficiency in the range 50–99% of the requirement commonly occurs throughout the world. Yet, Mg is not often considered a major nutrient of concern for health and wellbeing, although deficient intakes and serum concentrations have been associated with numerous pathological conditions including atherosclerosis, diabetes, osteoporosis and some cancers. Probable reasons for this dichotomy are that evidence of Mg deficiency is not consistently found in pathological conditions with which it has been associated, and not all individuals considered Mg-deficient consistently exhibit these pathological conditions. These inconsistencies could be the outcome of chronic inflammatory stress exacerbated or induced by Mg deficiency being alleviated or prevented by other factors that have anti-inflammatory action (e.g. long-chain n-3 fatty acids). Questionable DRIs resulting in the incorrect conclusion that individuals are Mg-deficient when they are not also may be responsible for the inconsistencies. Since 1997, improved balance data have been reported for the determination of DRIs, which suggest that the RDA for a 70-kg healthy adult would be ~250 mg day–1. Based on the finding that neutral Mg balance was determined to be 2.36 mg day–1 kg–1 bodyweight, the RDA would vary by bodyweight. Even with changed DRIs, a significant number of adults who do not eat recommended amounts of foods of plant origin would not achieve the suggested adequate intake of Mg. Foods of plant origin, including green vegetables, nuts, pulses and whole grains, are good sources of Mg. However, Mg in these foods can be influenced by the availability of Mg to plants from the soil, and plant genotype. Thus, crop breeding and cultural practices, through modifying the amount of Mg in plant-origin foods, can have a significant impact on achieving an adequate dietary intake of Mg for health.
Migration of Antigen-Specific T Cells Away from CXCR4-Binding Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120

Cell-mediated immunity depends in part on appropriate migration and localization of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), a process regulated by chemokines and adhesion molecules. Many viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), encode chemotactically active proteins, suggesting that dysregulation of immune cell trafficking may be a strategy for immune evasion. HIV-1 gp120, a retroviral envelope protein, has been shown to act as a T-cell chemoattractant via binding to the chemokine receptor and HIV-1 coreceptor CXCR4. We have previously shown that T cells move away from the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in a concentration-dependent and CXCR4 receptor-mediated manner. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR4-binding HIV-1 X4 gp120 causes the movement of T cells, including HIV-specific CTL, away from high concentrations of the viral protein. This migratory response is CD4 independent and inhibited by anti-CXCR4 antibodies and pertussis toxin. Additionally, the expression of X4 gp120 by target cells reduces CTL efficacy in an in vitro system designed to account for the effect of cell migration on the ability of CTL to kill their target cells. Recombinant X4 gp120 also significantly reduced antigen-specific T-cell infiltration at a site of antigen challenge in vivo. The repellant activity of HIV-1 gp120 on immune cells in vitro and in vivo was shown to be dependent on the V2 and V3 loops of HIV-1 gp120. These data suggest that the active movement of T cells away from CXCR4-binding HIV-1 gp120, which we previously termed fugetaxis, may provide a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 evades challenge by immune effector cells in vivo.
High-order finite-element analysis of periodic absorbers

A high-order vector finite-element-method (FEM) analysis of periodic absorbers is presented. By the virtue of the FEM, accurate modeling of complicated absorber structures is made possible. For a given accuracy, high-order elements are used to reduce the number of unknowns and hence the computing time and memory consumption. The FEM is further combined with the asymptotic waveform evalaution (AWE) technique to produce fast-frequency sweep. Both singly and doubly periodic absorbers are modeled and the accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparisons with analytical solutions and published data. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 203–207, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10869
Mathematical modeling mechanisms of arrhythmias in transgenic mouse heart overexpressing TNF-α

Transgenic mice overexpressing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α mice) possess many of the features of human heart failure, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, impaired Ca2+ handling, arrhythmias, and dec...
Portal-Large Terminase Interactions of the Bacteriophage T4 DNA Packaging Machine Implicate a Molecular Lever Mechanism for Coupling ATPase to DNA Translocation

DNA packaging by double-stranded DNA bacteriophages and herpesviruses is driven by a powerful molecular machine assembled at the portal vertex of the empty prohead. The phage T4 packaging machine consists of three components: dodecameric portal (gp20), pentameric large terminase motor (gp17), and 11- or 12-meric small terminase (gp16). These components dynamically interact and orchestrate a complex series of reactions to produce a DNA-filled head containing one viral genome per head. Here, we analyzed the interactions between the portal and motor proteins using a direct binding assay, mutagenesis, and structural analyses. Our results show that a portal binding site is located in the ATP hydrolysis-controlling subdomain II of gp17. Mutations at key residues of this site lead to temperature-sensitive or null phenotypes. A conserved helix-turn-helix (HLH) that is part of this site interacts with the portal. A recombinant HLH peptide competes with gp17 for portal binding and blocks DNA translocation. The helices apparently provide specificity to capture the cognate prohead, whereas the loop residues communicate the portal interaction to the ATPase center. These observations lead to a hypothesis in which a unique HLH-portal interaction in the symmetrically mismatched complex acts as a lever to position the arginine finger and trigger ATP hydrolysis. Transiently connecting the critical parts of the motor; subdomain I (ATP binding), subdomain II (controlling ATP hydrolysis), and C-domain (DNA movement), the portal-motor interactions might ensure tight coupling between ATP hydrolysis and DNA translocation.
A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes with Pulmonary Hypertension.

Some patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes have a fulminant disorder characterized by the absence of insulitis and of diabetes-related antibodies, a remarkably abrupt onset and high serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations. This is referred to as fulminant type 1 diabetes. Cardiopulmonary disorders are rarely observed around the onset of fulminant type 1 diabetes. A 51-ye ar-old woman suffering from nausea and vomiting was transferred to our hospital. Laboratory findings r evealed high blood glucose level and the evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, but the serum HbA1c was normal nevertheless. The low level of plasma C-peptide indicated the loss of endogenous insulin secretion. T he patient satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed nonspecific ST-T-wave abnormalities. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated that she had severe pulmonary hypertension and minimal pericardial effusion. In a week, pulmonary hypertension improved to mild degree without specific treatment. Acute myocarditis was suspected based upon flulike symptoms, nonspecific ST-T-wave abnormalities, minimal pericardial effusion and asymptomatic pulmonary hypertension. We considered it worthwhile reporting this case because fulminant type 1 diabete s with acute myocarditis has never been published yet. (J Kor Diabetes Assoc 31:444~450, 2007)
Spectral function of superconducting cuprates near optimal doping

In recent years, the bulk of studies of cuprate superconductors was focused on their unusual normal state properties. Less attention was paid to the behavior of cuprates in the superconducting state. It was generally believed that the superconducting behavior, even in underdoped cuprates, is rather conventional in the sense that most experiments can be explained in the framework of the BCS-type theory for a d-wave superconductor. Recently, however, this belief has been challenged by photoemission experiments on Bi2212 materials [1,2]. These experiments demonstrated that even in slightly overdoped cuprates and at T ? Tc, the spectral function Ask, vd near s0, pd is qualitatively different from the one expected for a conventional superconductor. Specifically, in a conventional case, Ask, vd possesses a single sharp peak at v › p D 2 1e 2 where Dk is the superconducting gap and ek is the fermionic dispersion. The photoemission data for Bi2212 do show a sharp quasiparticle peak near the Fermi surface, but they also reveal two extra features in Ask, vd: a dip at frequencies right above the peak and a broad maximum (hump) at somewhat larger frequencies. Moreover, as one moves away from the Fermi surface, the sharp peak looses its intensity but does not disperse, while the position of the hump varies with k and gradually recovers the normal state dispersion. Several phenomenological theories [1,3] identified the sharp peak observed in photoemission below Tc as a dispersionless collective mode of yet unknown origin. In the present Letter, we present an alternative explanation of the photoemission data. We argue that the unusual superconducting properties of cuprates can be explained by a strong interaction between electrons and overdamped spin fluctuations peaked at some momentum Q near sp, pd [4]. Similar arguments were earlier displayed by Grabowski et al. [5] who found peak-dip-hump features in their numerical study of the Hubbard model within the fluctuation exchange approximation. Our results qualitatively agree with theirs; however, we consider the problem analytically and present a physical explanation of the effect. Specifically, we show that the peak/dip/hump features in the spectral function emerge as a combination of two effects: (i) an almost complete destruction of the Fermi-liquid behavior in the normal state, which eliminates the quasiparticle peak and gives rise to a hump in the spectral function at higher frequencies, and (ii) a reduction of the spin damping at small frequencies in the superconducting state which, as a
Numerical simulation of intense reaction propagation in multiphase systems

A numerical model was evaluated including Arrhenius reaction kinetics to simulate multiphase flows with intense reactions and severe property gradients. Although these problems are common in chemical engineering, such an extreme case as detonation propagation in a dispersed particulate flow was investigated. The model was evaluated with respect to the form of the conservation relations being simulated, frame invariance verification, constitutive relations, numerical stability, numerical diffusion, and model verification using available experimental results and equilibrium thermochemical predictions. The model was adequate with respect to numerical issues of particular concern such as stability and numerical diffusion. To simulate experimental results realistically, Arrhenius reaction kinetics alone were insufficient. When considering important physical mechanisms in the reaction modeling based on single particle heat transfer, the multiphase model simulates experimental results realistically.
Sympatric Occurrence of Two Species of the Two-Lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata) Complex

Abstract Genetic analyses of contact zones between closely related taxa are critical to an understanding of reproductive isolation between species. We evaluated allelic frequencies and external morphology from one such contact zone between two members of the Eurycea bislineata complex (i.e., E. cirrigera and E. wilderae). We found that, within this zone of contact, these presumed species had significantly different frequencies of alleles at three loci. In addition, these sympatric forms were significantly different in lateral mottling pattern, tail color, and length of tail stripe. These morphological patterns were identical to those used to describe the original subspecies E. b. cirrigera and E. b. wilderae. Evidence from this zone of contact supports the hypothesis that these forms are separate species. Moreover, there is evidence of ecological and/or reproductive character displacement among these species when in sympatry.
Generational Differences In The Workplace: Personal Values, Behaviors, And Popular Beliefs

This paper uses popular and academic literature to describe the distinguishing characteristics that differentiate Baby Boomers, Gen X and Gen Y. The authors then further examine these differences by comparing the results of a survey of 5,057 members of these cohorts, using the Rokeach Value Survey, to the previously generated profiles. Both terminal and instrumental values of the respondents were analyzed. Results generally confirm the popular profiles and suggest that managers should take these profiles into consideration when leading, motivating, and communicating with employees belonging to these generations.
Optimizing Outcomes in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Families

• Objective: To critically evaluate the evidence related to interventions designed to meet the challenge of optimizing outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their families and to discuss implications of these findings for clinical management. • Methods: A MEDLINE, PSYCHLIT, and CINAHL search identified articles published between January 1986 and November 2003 relating to education or psychosocial interventions for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their families. • Results: 29 studies were included in the review and were categorized as education, psychosocial, or family intervention. Education interventions increase diabetes knowledge but are not consistently helpful in improving metabolic outcomes. Psychosocial interventions such as coping skills training and behavioral family systems therapy have demonstrated improvements in metabolic control, selfefficacy, diabetes stress, quality of life, and parentadolescent conflict. Intervention studies that target families of adolescents with diabetes suggest that involvement of the family in the intervention can have a positive impact on metabolic control and interpersonal relationships. • Conclusion: Education interventions remain the mainstay of treatment for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Psychosocial interventions show promise for improved psychosocial and metabolic outcomes. Family interventions are emerging as a positive way to improve interpersonal relations and assist the adolescent in transitioning from family-management toward self-management of their diabetes.
Topology-Controlled Relaxation Dynamics of Single Branched Polymers

In this work, we report the synthesis and direct observation of branched DNA polymers using single molecule techniques. Polymer topology plays a major role in determining the properties of advanced materials, yet understanding the dynamics of these complex macromolecules has been challenging. Here, we study the conformational relaxation dynamics of single surface-tethered comb polymers from high stretch in a microfluidic device. Our results show that the molecular topology of individual branched polymers plays a direct role on the relaxation dynamics of polymers with complex architectures. Macromolecular DNA combs are first synthesized using a hybrid enzymatic-synthetic approach, wherein chemically modified DNA branches and DNA backbones are generated in separate polymerase chain reactions, followed by a “graft-onto” reaction via strain-promoted [3 + 2] azide–alkyne cycloaddition. This method allows for the synthesis of branched polymers with nearly monodisperse backbone and branch molecular weights. Sing...
Determinants of fetal hemoglobin response to hydroxyurea

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) modulates the phenotypic diversity of sickle cell anemia (HbSS), and the prevalence of many disease complications is related to the level of HbF. Hydroxyurea (HU) increases HbF levels in many patients. Adults with HbSS have HbF levels that may differ by two orders of magnitude, suggesting the possibility of genetic modulation of gamma-globin gene expression. In HbSS, the beta-globin gene haplotype is associated with HbF. Polymorphisms present in cis-acting elements are usually linked to the haplotype, suggesting that within a haplotype, mutations in these areas are uncommon mechanisms of HbF modulation in patients with untreated HbSS. In a multicenter trial of HU in HbSS, we examined genetic elements, patient characteristics, and follow-up features to determine their association with changes in HbF. Following treatment, F cells increased in HU-treated patients compared with controls. The increases in the HbF level at 2 years were greatest in patients who had the highest baseline counts of reticulocytes and neutrophils, two or more episodes of study-defined myelotoxicity, and absence of a Bantu haplotype. However, after 2 years, half of the patients had no or only trivial increments in HbF. The ability to respond to HU may depend on bone marrow reserve, or the capacity of the marrow to withstand moderate doses of HU with acceptable myelotoxicity. Baseline reticulocyte and neutrophil counts may be a measure of this marrow reserve. Sustained HbF increases during HU treatment can occur in individuals with bone marrow reserve sufficient to respond to the myelotoxicity of this agent with the evolution of a population of high HbF-producing erythroblasts.
Development of the fast muon kicker for the muon g − 2 experiment at Fermilab

The fast muon kicker for the muon g−2 experiment at Fermilab is being developed by Cornell group. The kicker is a pulsed magnet that provides the transverse kick to the muon particles required to direct them onto the stable orbit of the storage ring. To minimize the coherent betatron oscillation and maximize the storage efficiency of muons, it is desired that the magnetic pulse generated from the kicker have, approximately, 230 Gauss peak value and 120 ns full width. Based on the experiences from the earlier g−2 experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory, we have redesigned the system using a triaxial blumlein pulse forming network and the prototype model has been built and tested. The details of the design and the test of the kicker are described in this paper.
Social License to Operate as a Business Strategy

Social License to Operate (SLO) can provide a strategy to understand the society and culture in which a company might wish to do business. Although the requirements of the company structure (corporate, private, or public) and governmental regulations must be met, they do not guarantee that a business will be successful operating in new territory. By aiming at a Social License to Operate granted from the stakeholders that are important to the business, a company can decrease the incidents of complaints to governments and even temporary shut-downs by the government. Social License to Operate is based on a United Nations initiative that required industries that operate in the territories of indigenous people to secure free, prior, and informed consent from those people, but is outside the legally granted right to operate a business. The paper considers stakeholder theory to determine who the stakeholders are that should be involved in granting a Social License to Operate. It then describes examples of the use of Social License to Operate in different countries by different companies. By gaining a license to operate from stakeholders, a company can create a level of trust on which to build partnerships and allow business decisions to be made more efficiently.
Application of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting for Species Identification of Bacteria Isolated from Bovine Milk.

A polymerase chain reaction-based DNA fingerprinting system for species identification of bacteria in milk was developed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. A total of 108 organisms including 24 ATCC reference strains and 84 wild-type isolates belonging to gram-negative, Staphylococcus , Enterococcus , and Streptococcus species were used to develop the system. Organisms included in the study were those that are isolated frequently from milk. Forty primers from two commercially available primer kits were evaluated to determine the "ideal" primer that could be used for several bacterial species. Over 960 DNA fingerprint patterns were analyzed by laser densitometry. Seven of the 40 primers met criteria established for primer selection. However, only primers OPE-4 (5' GTGACATGCC-3') and OPE-20 (5'-AACGGTGACC-3') allowed differentiation between all 19 ATCC bacterial species included in the study. The other five primers were restricted to either gram-negative bacteria (OPA-7, OPA-14), Staphylococcus species (OPA-13, OPA-14, OPA-18), or Streptococcus species (OPA-3). Primers OPE-4 and OPE-20 were further evaluated using 84 wild-type isolates. A bacterial species identification scheme was developed based on characteristic polymorphic DNA fragments obtained with primers OPE-4 and OPE-20. Results of this study suggest that RAPD fingerprinting has the potential for being developed into a rapid and accurate method for species identification of bacteria in milk.
A discrete Lagrangian based direct approach to macroscopic modelling

Abstract A direct discrete Lagrangian based approach, designed at a length scale of interest, to characterize the response of a body is proposed. The main idea is to understand the dynamics of a deformable body via a Lagrangian corresponding to a coupled interaction of rigid particles in the reduced dimension. We argue that the usual practice of describing the laws of a deformable body in the continuum limit is redundant, because for most of the practical problems, analytical solutions are not available. Since continuum limit is not taken, the framework automatically relaxes the requirement of differentiability of field variables. The discrete Lagrangian based approach is illustrated by deriving an equivalent of the Euler–Bernoulli beam model. A few test examples are solved, which demonstrate that the derived non-local model predicts lower deflections in comparison to classical Euler–Bernoulli beam solutions. We have also included crack propagation in thin structures for isotropic and anisotropic cases using the Lagrangian based approach.
Brain and Muscle Nicotinic Receptors: Complex Homologous Proteins Carrying Multiple Binding Sites

Elucidation of the molecular structure and function of multisubunit membrane proteins capable of complex functions, like the receptors for neurotransmitters, requires their purification in relatively large amounts, both to obtain direct information on their physicochemical and functional characteristics and to permit isolation and identification of their precursor genes. This is a formidable task to perform on any brain receptor, including the one(s) for acetylcholine and nicotine, because of the agonizingly low amounts present and the difficult isolation of active, intact form of these intrinsic membrane proteins in the presence of large amounts of endogenous proteases. A lot is known about the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) present in peripheral tissues (see below), such as the electric organs of Torpedo and Electrophorus, and the muscle of different species, including mammals and, hopefully in the near future, man.