cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cilia in vertebrate left–right patterning

Understanding how left-right (LR) asymmetry is generated in vertebrate embryos is an important problem in developmental biology. In humans, a failure to align the left and right sides of cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal systems often results in birth defects. Evidence from patients and animal models has implicated cilia in the process of left-right patterning. Here, we review the proposed functions for cilia in establishing LR asymmetry, which include creating transient leftward fluid flows in an embryonic 'left-right organizer'. These flows direct asymmetric activation of a conserved Nodal (TGFβ) signalling pathway that guides asymmetric morphogenesis of developing organs. We discuss the leading hypotheses for how cilia-generated asymmetric fluid flows are translated into asymmetric molecular signals. We also discuss emerging mechanisms that control the subcellular positioning of cilia and the cellular architecture of the left-right organizer, both of which are critical for effective cilia function during left-right patterning. Finally, using mosaic cell-labelling and time-lapse imaging in the zebrafish embryo, we provide new evidence that precursor cells maintain their relative positions as they give rise to the ciliated left-right organizer. This suggests the possibility that these cells acquire left-right positional information prior to the appearance of cilia.This article is part of the themed issue 'Provocative questions in left-right asymmetry'.
An extended retinotopic map of mouse cortex.

Our eyes send information about the world around us to a region on the surface of the brain called the visual cortex, which is made up of a series of interconnected areas. Researchers have studied the anatomy and activity of these areas to generate maps that show how these areas are arranged. For example, architectonic borders are drawn where there are abrupt changes in the density of cells, or the degree to which they are stained by certain chemicals. Maps based on architectonics and those based on brain activity are thought to exhibit matching borders between visual areas. Zhuang et al. used animaging approach to produce detailed maps of the visual cortex of mice. The approach uses a fluorescent protein called GCaMP6 to indicate levels of activity in the brain while the mice were exposed to visual cues. Furthermore, Zhuang et al. added a second step to this approach to reveal the architectonic borders of the areas in the visual cortex. This made it possible to compare the locations of activity-based and anatomical borders in a single mouse. Zhuang et al. found that maps of the visual cortex based on architectonics do not completely match those based on activity. These findings help reconcile the differences between maps of mouse visual cortex produced by other studies. It is not clear whether a similar mismatch in architectonic and activity-based border locations exists in other animals, such as primates.
Long Term Outcomes of Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients with Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: Analysis 4 Years After the Original Cohort

Abstract 2942 Background: Pomalidomide (pom) is a distinct immunomodulatory (IMid) drug with high response rates in relapsed MM, including patients previously treated with thalidomide, bortezomib and lenalidomide. However, its duration of response and long term outcome is unknown. We evaluated the long term outcomes of the first Mayo Clinic cohort of pts treated with Pom. Methods: Pts with relapsed/refractory myeloma with 1–3 prior therapies were enrolled. Pom 2 mg/d was given orally continuously on 28 day cycle with weekly dexamethasone 40 mg. All pts received DVT prophylaxis with aspirin, heparin or warfarin. Results: 60 pts with relapsed MM were enrolled from Nov 2007-Aug 2008. Median age was 65.5; 36 were male. Median time from diagnosis was 45.6 mo (9.–-192.5). Nineteen (32%) were high-risk according to mSMART (msmart.org), and 78% were ISS Stage 2/3. Prior therapies included transplant (65%), bortezomib (33%), thalidomide (47%), lenalidomide (35%) [previous IMiD 60%] and radiation (38%). Toxicities at least possibly attributed to Pom included G3/4 anemia (5/0%), leukopenia (17/3%) and thrombocytopenia (3/0%). G3/4/5 non-hematological toxicities occurred in 30 (50%) and included fatigue (18/0/0%), pneumonia (8/2/2%), hyperglycemia (5/0/0%) and constipation (5/0/0%). Only one pt had grade 3 neuropathy. Treatment adjustment for occurred in 30 pts (50%) for pom (mostly for neutropenia) and 35 pts (58%) for dex. A median of 11.5 cycles were administered. With median follow up of 30.1 months (mo), overall response was seen in 39 (65%) [4 sCR, 5 CR, 16 VGPR, 14 PR]. Median time to first reponse (≥PR) was 1.7 mo (0.8–14.8). Median duration of response (in responders of ≥PR) was 21.3 mo. Median PFS was 13 mo and the 2 year OS rate was 76%. Standard risk pts had median PFS of 18.4 mo and 2 year OS rate was 85%; high risk pts had median PFS of 9.2 mo and 2 year OS rate was 57%. (Figure 1) Conclusions: Pom/dex is highly effective and well tolerated in relapsed MM, with a response rate of 65% even in pts with multiple prior therapies, including other IMiDs, bortezomib and transplant. The response is also durable, with median duration in excess of 21 months. Pom/dex provides long term benefit with median PFS 13 months and 2 year OS rate of 76%. Disclosures: Kumar:Merck: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Stewart:Celgene Corporation: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millenium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onyx: Consultancy, Research Funding. Fonseca:Consulting :Genzyme, Medtronic, BMS, Amgen, Otsuka, Celgene, Intellikine, Lilly Research Support: Cylene, Onyz, Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding. Lacy:Celgene: Research Funding.
Microstructure and ferroelectricity of barium titanate thin films on Si for integrated photonics

Significant progress has been made in integrating novel materials into silicon photonic structures to extend the functionality of photonic circuits. One of these promising optical materials, BaTiO 3 (BTO), exhibits a large Pockels coefficient as required for high-speed light modulators. Here, we employ several deposition methods such as molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition to realize BTO thin films with different morphology and crystalline structure. By identifying the key structural predictors of electro-optic response in BTO/Si, we provide a roadmap to fully exploit the linear electro-optic effect in novel hybrid oxide/semiconductor nanophotonic devices.
Health Literacy and Hospital Length of Stay: An Inpatient Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Associations between low health literacy (HL) and adverse health outcomes have been well documented in the outpatient setting; however, few studies have examined associations between low HL and in-hospital outcomes. OBJECTIVE To compare hospital length of stay (LOS) among patients with low HL and those with adequate HL. DESIGN Hospital-based cohort study. SETTING Academic urban tertiary-care hospital. PATIENTS Hospitalized general medicine patients. MEASUREMENTS We measured HL using the Brief Health Literacy Screen. Severity of illness and LOS were obtained from administrative data. Multivariable linear regression controlling for illness severity and sociodemographic variables was employed to measure the association between HL and LOS. RESULTS Among 5540 participants, 20% (1104/5540) had low HL. Participants with low HL had a longer average LOS (6.0 vs 5.4 days, P < 0.001). Low HL was associated with an 11.1% longer LOS (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1%-16.1%; P < 0.001) in multivariate analysis. This effect was significantly modified by gender (P = 0.02). Low HL was associated with a 17.8% longer LOS among men (95% CI, 10.0%-25.7%; P < 0.001), but only a 7.7% longer LOS among women (95% CI, 1.9%-13.5%; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS In this single-center cohort study, low HL was associated with a longer hospital LOS. The findings suggest that the adverse effects of low HL may extend into the inpatient setting, indicating that targeted interventions may be needed for patients with low HL. Further work is needed to explore these negative consequences and potential mitigating factors.
Compressed representation of dispersion interactions and long-range electronic correlations

The description of electron correlation in quantum chemistry often relies on multi-index quantities. Here, we examine a compressed representation of the long-range part of electron correlation that is associated with dispersion interactions. For this purpose, we perform coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) computations on localized orbitals, and then extract the portion of CCSD amplitudes corresponding to dispersion energies. Using singular value decomposition, we uncover that a very compressed representation of the amplitudes is possible in terms of occupied-virtual geminal pairs located on each monomer. These geminals provide an accurate description of dispersion energies at medium and long distances. The corresponding virtual orbitals are examined by further singular value decompositions of the geminals. We connect each component of the virtual space to the multipole expansion of dispersion energies. Our results are robust with respect to basis set change and hold for systems as large as the benzene-methane dimer. This compressed representation of dispersion energies paves the way to practical and accurate approximations for dispersion, for example, in local correlation methods.
Electrodeposition of Copper for Three-Dimensional Metamaterial Fabrication

Metamaterials typically consist of metallic and dielectric repeating structures. Electrodeposition of copper is the preferred approach to fabricating the metallic part of the metamaterials of interest in this study. The highly-variant topography requires chemical additives, like chloride ions, 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (MPSA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to enhance bottom-up superfilling while maintaining terrace flatness. This study focuses on both experimental and computational investigations of the degradation potential of the additives and their adsorption mechanism in a highly-acidic copper electrolyte in order to optimally parameterize the copper electrodeposition process. Results show Cl-MPSA-PEG-PVP additives perform well, but substitution of PVP with Janus Green B provides better terrace leveling. Additionally, NMR data show a quick and complete conversion of MPSA to bis(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) in the acidic copper bath. Finally, FEM simulations further...
Continuities and Discontinuities in Elite Theory

A theory of politics and society centered on elites emerged early in the twentieth century. However, the theory was relegated to the century’s intellectual sidelines by visions of thoroughly egalitarian societies and wholly self-governing democracies. No such societies or democracies materialized, and the century’s main socio-political developments were broadly consistent with elite theory. In ominous twenty-first century domestic and international circumstances, there are reasons to believe that the long eclipse of an elite theory of politics and society is ending. Yet, confusion envelops the elite concept, the meaning of elitism, and elite theory’s main tenets. This chapter seeks to dispel some of this confusion.
Pain Management: Strategies for Screening and Monitoring Patients Receiving Chronic Opioid Therapy .

The current state of pain management within the oncology setting, effectiveness of opioids for the relief of pain, and limited alternatives for chronic pain management have produced reliance on opioid medications with an inherent risk for aberrant behavior. Although standardization is lacking among prescribers who manage cancer-related pain, advanced practice RNs must act according to the available evidence that suggests assessing and monitoring for abuse and misuse. .
Commentary: The Question of Teacher Education

Addressing Hannah Arendt’s call to prepare the next generation to "renew our common world," this essay questions how we can simultaneously share our world with students and encourage them to question it. Because teacher education is suffocating in the stipulations of "best practices" that blanket the ambiguity that makes it interesting, this essay explores the questions that make this work compelling. It considers the inhibitions that constrain agency and imagination in teaching, the narratives that collapse experience into predictable accounts delivered to satisfy rubrics and protocols, and turns to the work of poet and classicist, Anne Carson, for a sense of story that opens up experience instead of closing it down.
Autonomic Control of the Heart

Abstract The cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a multilevel distributed neural network that extends from intrathoracic ganglia to the spinal cord, brainstem, and above. This interdependent network of central and peripheral reflexes control chronotropy, lusitropy, dromotropy, and inotropy on a beat-to-beat basis. Cardiac afferent input is projected to each of these processing centers with the ultimate outcome of modulating sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent inputs to all regions of the heart. Within peripheral autonomic ganglia, reflex processing of afferent input with descending projections from higher centers is dependent upon local circuit neurons. Herein, we outline the structural and functional organization of the hierarchy for cardiac control and how this neural network remodels in response to cardiac pathology. The fundamental premise is that the evolution of cardiac disease is dependent on dynamic interactions between the cardiac substrate and the neural networks that control it.
Length of hospitalization and mortality for bleeding during treatment with warfarin, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban.

Background Different outcomes among patients hospitalized for bleeding after starting anticoagulation could influence choice of anticoagulant. We compared length of hospitalization, proportion of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, ICU length of stay, and 30- and 90-day mortality for adults with atrial fibrillation hospitalized for bleeding after starting warfarin, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban. Methods An US commercial database of 38 million members from 1 November 2010 to 31 March 2014 was used to examine adults with atrial fibrillation hospitalized for bleeding after starting warfarin (2,446), dabigatran (442), or rivaroxaban (256). Outcomes included difference in mean total length of hospitalization, proportion of ICU admissions, mean length of ICU stay, and all-cause 30- and 90-day mortality. Results Warfarin users were older and had more comorbidities. Multivariable regression modeling with propensity score weighting showed warfarin users were hospitalized 2.0 days longer (95% CI 1.8–2.3; p < 0.001) than dabigatran users and 2.6 days longer (95% CI 2.4–2.9; p < 0.001) than rivaroxaban users. Dabigatran users were hospitalized 0.6 days longer (95% CI 0.2–1.0; p = 0.001) than rivaroxaban users. There were no differences in the proportion of ICU admissions. Among ICU admissions, warfarin users stayed 3.0 days (95% CI 1.9–3.9; p < 0.001) longer than dabigatran users and 2.4 days longer (95% CI 0.9–3.7; p = 0.003) than rivaroxaban users. There was no difference in ICU stay between dabigatran and rivaroxaban users. There were no differences in 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality. Conclusions Rivaroxaban and dabigatran were associated with shorter hospitalizations; however, there were no differences in 30- and 90-day mortality. These findings suggest bleeding associated with the newer agents is not more dangerous than bleeding associated with warfarin.
Classification and Epidemiology of Thyroid Disease

Thyroid diseases are exceedingly common. The thyroid gland, by virtue of its effect on tissue metabolism, affects every organ system. The cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease are protean and include all age groups. The spectrum of the cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease includes specific lesions such as cutaneous metastases from thyroid malignancies and thyroglossal duct cysts; nonspecific alterations of the skin, hair, and nails reflecting both the hyperthyroid and hypothyroid states; and the multiple associations of thyroid disease with other cutaneous and systemic diseases. In this chapter, Drs. Haddad and Kaufman classify thyroid disorders and provide information regarding their prevalence. It is abundantly clear that dermatologists will be seeing patients with a thyroid disorder on a daily basis and that endocrinologists will be managing patients with dermatologic issues. It behooves dermatologists and endocrinologists to have knowledge of the breadth and epidemiology of thyroid diseases and their attendant dermatologic manifestations to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
RECENT ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY FOR BIOLOGICAL SAR ANALYSES

A study of the physical basis of molecular connectivity indexes reveals that the value of δ v -δ parallels the relative valence state electronegativity while the value δ v +δ is correlated with estimates of the relative volume of the atom. A general expression for δ v has been shown to be (Z v -h)/(Z-Z v -1). The δ v values for sulfur and phosphorus in various oxidation states have been derived. A calculation of a group electronegativity has been introduced for both sigma and pi bond influences on a benzene ring. The sum of these values correlates with Hammett sigma values.
Physical studies of lysogeny

The forms of intracellular DNA present in sensitive Escherichia coli cells destined for lysogeny with λ phage were studied at various times after infection. Sucrose sedimentation experiments revealed three species of parentally labeled phage DNA, all physically different from DNA extracted from mature λ phage. These include a duplex ring containing at least one single-strand interruption, a covalently closed duplex ring or twisted circular form, and a duplex form colinear with DNA several times larger than the λ DNA molecule. The first two of these forms have been previously reported in the literature. Cesium chloride gradient analysis of extracts from experiments in which heavy-density λ phage labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine were used to infect light-density bacteria, revealed parental phage DNA banding in heavy-, hybrid- and light-density positions. This indicated that replication can occur in lysogenizing cells and that some of the parental DNA label was associating with light-density DNA. The kinetics of formation of these components were studied.
Intraoperative intercostal nerve cryoablation During the Nuss procedure reduces length of stay and opioid requirement: A randomized clinical trial.

Abstract Purpose Minimally-invasive repair of pectus excavatum by the Nuss procedure is associated with significant postoperative pain, prolonged hospital stay, and high opiate requirement. We hypothesized that intercostal nerve cryoablation during the Nuss procedure reduces hospital length of stay (LOS) compared to thoracic epidural analgesia. Design This randomized clinical trial evaluated 20 consecutive patients undergoing the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum between May 2016 and March 2018. Patients were randomized evenly via closed-envelope method to receive either cryoanalgesia or thoracic epidural analgesia. Patients and physicians were blinded to study arm until immediately preoperatively. Setting Single institution, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital. Participants 20 consecutive patients were recruited from those scheduled for the Nuss procedure. Exclusion criteria were age Main outcomes and measures Primary outcome was postoperative LOS. Secondary outcomes included total operative time, total/daily opioid requirement, inpatient/outpatient pain score, and complications. Primary outcome data were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U-test for nonparametric continuous variables. Other continuous variables were analyzed by two-tailed t-test, while categorical data were compared via Chi-squared test, with alpha = 0.05 for significance. Results 20 patients were randomized to receive either cryoablation (n = 10) or thoracic epidural (n = 10). Mean operating room time was 46.5 min longer in the cryoanalgesia group (p = 0.0001). Median LOS decreased by 2 days in patients undergoing cryoablation, to 3 days from 5 days (Mann–Whitney U, p = 0.0001). Cryoablation patients required significantly less inpatient opioid analgesia with a mean decrease of 416 mg oral morphine equivalent per patient (p = 0.0001), requiring 52%–82% fewer milligrams on postoperative days 1–3 (p Conclusions and relevance Intercostal nerve cryoablation during the Nuss procedure decreases hospital length of stay and opiate requirement versus thoracic epidural analgesia, while offering equivalent pain control. Type of study Treatment study. Level of evidence Level I.
Designing a Multimodal Analytics System to Improve Emergency Response Training.

The role of high-fidelity simulation-based training is critical for preparing first responders to perform effectively in emergency response and firefighting environments. However, training simulation instructors currently rely on direct observation and radio-based audio communication methods to observe behaviors and evaluate interactions of trainees to provide feedback to trainees during debriefing sessions. Such human-driven evaluative methods, while valuable, lose fidelity of information for learning due to working memory limitations and the mind’s inability to capture all relevant behavioral information in realtime and to provide relevant detailed information that is easily interpretable to instructors. Thus, there is a need and the potential to explore alternative data collection and processing methods leveraging advanced wireless technologies to attempt to enhance the effectiveness of simulation training process for emergency response, to ultimately help save lives and better prepare our communities building emergency and disaster resilience. In this paper, we present a multimodal streaming analytics system to support learning by leveraging a user-centered design approach in consultation with a regional fire and rescue training academy. This conceptualized system provides real-time collection, visualization, and analysis of heterogeneous data streams including location sensing using Internet of Things (IoT) devices, audio communication, video observations, as well as social media and 911 call log streams. We describe the associated design challenges and lessons learned from the initial prototyping activities to strive toward enhancing the situational awareness and learning of emergency response personnel and leadership instructors with iterative design cycles at the regional fire and rescue training academy.
A 20-Year Community Roadmap for Artificial Intelligence Research in the US

Decades of research in artificial intelligence (AI) have produced formidable technologies that are providing immense benefit to industry, government, and society. AI systems can now translate across multiple languages, identify objects in images and video, streamline manufacturing processes, and control cars. The deployment of AI systems has not only created a trillion-dollar industry that is projected to quadruple in three years, but has also exposed the need to make AI systems fair, explainable, trustworthy, and secure. Future AI systems will rightfully be expected to reason effectively about the world in which they (and people) operate, handling complex tasks and responsibilities effectively and ethically, engaging in meaningful communication, and improving their awareness through experience. Achieving the full potential of AI technologies poses research challenges that require a radical transformation of the AI research enterprise, facilitated by significant and sustained investment. These are the major recommendations of a recent community effort coordinated by the Computing Community Consortium and the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence to formulate a Roadmap for AI research and development over the next two decades.
A Cyclical Model of Engagement of People With Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in Participatory Action Research (PAR)

Date Presented 04/04/19 PAR is one approach to involving stakeholders in research. We conducted interviews with academic researchers (n=7) and coresearchers with ID (n=6) to develop a model describing the process of engagement in PAR for people with ID. Results suggest the solicitation of input from coresearchers with ID initiates a cycle of increasing engagement and input. Application of this model could lead to more socially valid OT research. Primary Author and Speaker: Ariel Schwartz Contributing Authors: Jessica Kramer, Ellen Cohn, Katherine McDonald
A Concurrently Dual-Polarized, Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) Antenna

A concurrently dual-polarized, simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) antenna system with high transmit (TX)-receive (RX) isolation is presented. The STAR antenna consists of four dual-polarized patches, two for TX and two for RX. The radiators are fed using a network consisting of four 90° hybrids and four 180° hybrids. The input ports of the feed network constitute the inputs/outputs of the STAR antenna system. The system supports concurrent transmission and reception of waves with both right- and left-hand circular polarization. Due to the phase cancellation and geometrical symmetry of the antenna, the TX/RX coupling between ports with the same polarization is canceled using the feed network. In addition, four right-angle slots are inserted in the ground plane and a cross-shaped, high-impedance surface is inserted between the radiating patches to further suppress the coupling between the differently polarized TX and RX ports. Simulation and measurement results of a fabricated prototype show good agreement and demonstrate TX/RX isolation levels greater than 38 dB for all polarization combinations over a 6.5% bandwidth (6.0–6.4 GHz). Moreover, the fabricated prototype provides broadside axial ratios below 2.5 dB and realized gains above 7.8 dBic for all TX and RX modes, demonstrating good, concurrent-dual-polarization performance.
High-resolution photoelectron imaging of MnB3-: Probing the bonding between the aromatic B3 cluster and 3d transition metals.

The B3 triangular unit is a fundamental bonding motif in all boron compounds and nanostructures. The isolated B3− cluster has a D3h structure with double σ and π aromaticity. Here, we report an investigation of the bonding between a B3 cluster and a 3d transition metal using high-resolution photoelectron imaging and computational chemistry. Photoelectron spectra of MnB3− are obtained at six different photon energies, revealing rich vibrational information for the ground state detachment transition. The electron affinity of MnB3 is determined to be 1.6756(8) eV, and the most Franck–Condon-active mode observed has a measured frequency of 415(6) cm−1 due to the Mn—B3 stretch. Theoretical calculations show that MnB3− has a C2v planar structure, with Mn coordinated to one side of the triangular B3 unit. The ground states of MnB3− (6B2) and MnB3 (5B2) are found to have high spin multiplicity with a significant decrease in the Mn—B bond distances in the neutral due to the detachment of an Mn—B3 anti-bonding electron. The Mn atom is shown to have weak interactions with the B3 unit, which maintains its double aromaticity with relatively small structural changes from the bare B3 cluster. The bonding in MnB3 is compared with that in 5d MB3 clusters, where the strong metal–B3 interactions strongly change the structures and bonding in the B3 moiety.
FARM: A Flexible Accelerator for Recurrent and Memory Augmented Neural Networks

Recently, Memory Augmented Neural Networks (MANN)s, a class of Deep Neural Networks (DNN)s have become prominent owing to their ability to capture the long term dependencies effectively for several Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. These networks augment conventional DNNs by incorporating memory and attention mechanisms external to the network to capture relevant information. Several MANN architectures have shown particular benefits in NLP tasks by augmenting an underlying Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with external memory using attention mechanisms. Unlike conventional DNNs whose computational time is dominated by MAC operations, MANNs have more diverse behavior. In addition to MACs, the attention mechanisms of MANNs also consist of operations such as similarity measure, sorting, weighted memory access, and pair-wise arithmetic. Due to this greater diversity in operations, MANNs are not trivially accelerated by the same techniques used by existing DNN accelerators. In this work, we present an end-to-end hardware accelerator architecture, FARM, for the inference of RNNs and several variants of MANNs, such as the Differential Neural Computer (DNC), Neural Turing Machine (NTM) and Meta-learning model. FARM achieves an average speedup of 30x-190x and 80x-100x over CPU and GPU implementations, respectively. To address remaining memory bottlenecks in FARM, we then propose the FARM-PIM architecture, which augments FARM with in-memory compute support for MAC and content-similarity operations in order to reduce data traversal costs. FARM-PIM offers an additional speedup of 1.5x compared to FARM. Additionally, we consider an efficiency-oriented version of the PIM implementation, FARM-PIM-LP, that trades a 20% performance reduction relative to FARM for a 4x average power consumption reduction.
Spatial patterning of walleye recreational harvest in Lake Erie: Role of demographic and environmental factors

Abstract Demographic and environmental factors can influence the spatial distribution of fish populations, potentially affecting the timing, location, and magnitude of harvest. Quantifying these relationships can be complicated, if their effects vary spatially over a population’s range or are non-additive (i.e., interactive), where one factor mediates the effect of another. Toward understanding the relative influence of demographic and environmental factors on fishery harvest in large freshwater lakes, we used varying-coefficient generalized additive models to explore the existence of non-additive, spatially-dependent effects of adult population size and thermal conditions on recreational harvest patterns of Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus) during 2006-2015. We identified nonlinear, additive, and generally positive effects of thermal conditions and adult population size on harvest rates. Their effects were, however, spatially-dependent, the accounting of which can help explain inter-annual and intra-annual variation in lake-wide harvest rates. Specifically, harvest rates increased more with increasing cumulative degree days in the eastern portion of the central basin, especially offshore, relative to the rest of the study area. Harvest rates also increased more with increasing walleye population size in the southwest portion of the west basin and the middle of the central basin compared to other study areas. As in marine ecosystems, our findings demonstrate the benefit of using modeling approaches that consider the spatial dependency of harvest rate on demographic and environmental factors to understanding broader harvest dynamics in large lakes. Their use could help managers and policy-makers ensure the sustained use of valued freshwater fish populations amidst demographic and environmental change.
Vaccination in pediatric cancer survivors: Vaccination rates, immune status, and knowledge regarding compliance.

BACKGROUND Vaccination recommendations for childhood cancer survivors are ambiguous. Limited data exist on vaccination rates and patient/caregiver knowledge of vaccination postchemotherapy. PROCEDURE A single-institution study of childhood cancer survivors treated from 1996 to 2018. Study included a retrospective chart review assessing patient's vaccination status, survey of patient's/caregiver's knowledge/beliefs regarding vaccination postchemotherapy, and assessment of immunoglobulin titers. RESULTS A total of 120 patient charts were included. Vaccination records were available for 82% (98/120) of patients, 57% (56/98) were up to date with vaccinations before chemotherapy, and 83% (81/98) received vaccinations after chemotherapy. Children who resumed vaccination postchemotherapy were younger at cancer diagnosis compared to those who did not resume vaccination (2 vs 4 years, P < .02). Median time since chemotherapy was higher in vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients (107 vs 60 months, P < .02). Immunoglobulin titers were assessed in 27 patients, and 74% (20/27) were not immune to one or more infections tested. Lack of immunity to pneumococcal strains was the most common. There was no difference in median age at diagnosis or time since chemotherapy completion in immune versus nonimmune patients. In 33 surveyed patients/caregivers, 33% (11/33) were not advised about resuming vaccinations postchemotherapy. Over one-third (12/33) of respondents were concerned about vaccination safety after chemotherapy, although 88% (29/33) agreed they would vaccinate if recommended by their pediatrician/pediatric oncologist. CONCLUSIONS Most childhood cancer survivors resume vaccinations postchemotherapy. Considerable variability exists in vaccination timing after chemotherapy. Pediatric oncologists play a central role in educating patients/pediatricians about vaccination recommendations postchemotherapy.
Oases in the valley of death

Government programmes such as the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) are designed to help cleantech companies overcome startup challenges and bring innovations to market. New analysis shows that support from ARPA-E has led to higher patenting rates but success in winning follow-up funding remains unclear.
JA:2021-41. CS-CASH Pilot Grant: Improving Agricultural Worker Health and Safety Awareness through Multimodal, Case-Based Physician Assistant Education

Purpose: Agricultural workers, especially those who farm full-time, are at substantial risk for developing long-term health problems related to occupational dust, chemical, and vibratory noise expo...
A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with STAT5b N642H mutation

Hypereosinophilia is defined as persistent eosinophilia (>1.5 × 109/L). Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a term used to describe a group of disorders characterized by sustained hypereosinophilia associated with end-organ damage. Based on underlying molecular mechanism of eosinophilia, there are different subtypes of HES. Diagnosis of HES subtype can be challenging, especially in the absence of overt lymphoid/myeloid neoplasms or discernable secondary causes. Long-term outpatient follow-up with periodic complete blood count and repeated bone marrow biopsy may be needed to monitor disease activity. Somatic signal transducer and activation transcription 5b (STAT5b) N642H mutation was recently found to be associated with myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia. We report a case of HES who presented with pulmonary embolism and acute eosinophilic pneumonia, found to have recurrent STAT5b N642H mutation by next-generation sequencing, suggesting possible underlying myeloid neoplasm.
Comparing recruitment strategies for a digital smoking cessation intervention: Technology-assisted peer recruitment, social media, ResearchMatch, and smokefree.gov.

BACKGROUND Choosing the right recruitment strategy has implications for the successful conduct of a trial. Our objective was to compare a novel peer recruitment strategy to four other recruitment strategies for a large randomized trial testing a digital tobacco intervention. METHODS We compared enrollment rates, demographic and baseline smoking characteristics, and odds of completing the 6-month study by recruitment strategy. Cost of recruitment strategies per retained participant was calculated using staff personnel time and advertisement costs. FINDINGS We enrolled 1487 participants between August 2017 and March 2019 from: Peer recruitment n = 273 (18.4%), Facebook Ads n = 505 (34%), Google Ads = 200 (13.4%), ResearchMatch n = 356 (23.9%) and Smokefree.govn = 153 (10.3%). Mean enrollment rate per active recruitment month: 1) Peer recruitment, n = 13.9, 2) Facebook ads, n = 25.3, 3) Google ads, n = 10.51, 4) Research Match, n = 59.3, and 5) Smokefree.gov, n = 13.9. Peer recruitment recruited the greatest number of males (n = 110, 40.3%), young adults (n = 41, 14.7%), participants with a high school degree or less (n = 24, 12.5%) and smokers within one's social network. Compared to peer recruitment (retention rate = 57%), participants from Facebook were less likely (OR 0.46, p < 0.01, retention rate = 40%), and those from ResearchMatch were more likely to complete the study (OR 1.90, p < 0.01, retention rate = 70%). Peer recruitment was moderate in cost per retained participant ($47.18) and substantially less costly than Facebook ($173.60). CONCLUSIONS Though peer recruitment had lower enrollment than other strategies, it may provide greater access to harder to reach populations and possibly others who smoke within one's social network while being moderately cost-effective. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03224520.
The monolingual approach in American linguistic fieldwork

Summary In the first decades of the 20th century, fieldwork — collection of language data through direct interaction with a native speaker — was foundational to American linguistics. After a mid-century period of neglect, fieldwork has recently been revived as a means to address the increasing rate of language endangerment worldwide. Twenty-first century American fieldwork inherits some, but not all, of the traits of earlier fieldwork. This article examines the history of one controversial issue, whether a field worker should adopt a monolingual approach, learning and using the target language as a medium of exchange with native speakers, as opposed to relying on interpreters or a lingua franca. Although the monolingual approach is not widely practiced, modern proponents argue strongly for its value. The method has been popularized though ‘monolingual demonstrations’ to audiences of linguists, which, curiously, are not wholly consistent with the character of 21st-century fieldwork.
Review of Deep Learning-based Approaches for COVID-19 Detection

As the COVID-19 pandemic broke out worldwide, many deep learning-based methods are proposed to assist the doctors in COVID-19 diagnosis. This paper introduces open-source datasets of COVID-19 images and tests state-of-the-art COVID-19 diagnosis methods to provide a comprehensive review of these technologies. According to the experimental results, this paper introduces two interesting observations: 1) deep learning-based methods focus on big visual features rather than small detailed features; 2) the convolutional neural networks pay attention to the region of Lung Ultrasound images, which is also considered as crucial observation region from doctors' perspectives. These observations prove the efficiency of deep-learning solutions since they can learn essential doctors' COVID-19 diagnosis rules.
Covalent Functionalization of Nickel Phosphide Nanocrystals with Aryl-Diazonium Salts

Covalent functionalization of Ni2P nanocrystals was demonstrated using aryl-diazonium salts. Spontaneous adsorption of aryl functional groups was observed, with surface coverages ranging from 20-96% depending on the native reactivity of the salt as determined by the aryl substitution pattern. Increased coverage was possible for low reactivity species using a sacrificial reductant. Functionalization was confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The structure and energetics of this nanocrystal electrocatalyst system, as a function of ligand coverage, was explored with density functional theory calculations. The Hammett parameter of the surface functional group was found to linearly correlate with the change in Ni and P core-electron binding energies and the nanocrystal’s experimentally and computationally determined work-function. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the functionalized nanocrystals for hydrogen evolution were also improved when compared to the unfunctionalized material, but a simple trend based on electrostatics was not evident. Density functional theory was used to understand this discrepancy, revealing that H adsorption energies on the covalently functionalized Ni2P also do not follow the electrostatic trend and are predictive descriptors of the experimental results.
A Peer-to-Peer System Architecture for Multi-Agent Collaboration

A peer-to-peer(P2P) network comprises a collection of nodes that can cooperate and collaborate with each other in a de-centralized and distributed manner. A node in a P2P network can access information present in the network using peer discovery followed by a search and retrieval phase. At present, most P2P systems employ TCP/IP based message communication to implement the operations in a P2P network. In this paper, we propose the use of mobile software agents to implement the protocols in a P2P system. Mobile software agents are autonomous, economic in terms of size and bandwidth consumption, and can operate remotely without the continuous supervision of a central server. Our research indicates that mobile software agents provide a suitable paradigm for implementing P2P systems that is both scalable and robust.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Definition, Core Issues, and Recent Developments

Preface Introduction 1. What is CSR? 2. Three Foundational Assumptions 3. CSR and Value Creation 4. The CSR Debate 5. The Future of CSR References
Behavioral Gerontology Research: Where are the Male Participants?

It has been reported that females are underrepresented in several areas of psychological research, which may have significant clinical and theoretical implications. No one has reported, however, whether women are underrepresented in behavioral gerontology research. To make this determination we recorded the gender of participants in behavioral gerontology studies published in six journals. In 129 published studies that included older adults (i.e. people 55 or more years of age) there were a total of 3070 participants, and most (69%) were female. Underrepresentation of men is significant insofar as treatment effects are sometimes gender specific, making it inappropriate to generalize results from females to males (or vice versa). Moreover, underrepresentation of older men suggests that their behavioral needs may not be generating the attention they deserve. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video transmission over a GSM wireless network

Transmitting video over bandwidth-limited and error-prone mobile wireless channels is challenging. In this paper, we investigate the transmission of H.263-based video over a GSM wireless network. A fourth order Markov model based alogrithm proposed in [1] is used to generate burst errors on the block or packet level for the GSM wireless channel. We evaluate the transmission performance of H.263 video over the channel by simulation. An Intra-coding based error resilient method and a simple generic forward error correction scheme are discussed. Since the Markov-based algorithm can be generalized to model different error statistics, e.g., different wireless channels, the performance analysis of H.263-based video over the GSM network may be applied for other wireless channels such as 3G systems.
Marital Discord and Problem Areas: Longitudinal Personality Prediction of Sex Differences among the Divorced.

Divorced men and women are compared in regard to their previous levels of marital adjustment and problems they expericnced in their former marriages. Sex differences are examined as well as correlational associations between former husbands and wives. In order to understand these differences, personality traits assessed at the beginning of each marriage are used to predict hushand and wife problem ratings reported after divorce. Results indicate that wives reported more problems in their former marriage than husbands, while marital adjustment levels were correlated negatively between husband and wife. Several personality traits predicted differences in problem ratings of former husbands and wives in a meaningful and interpretable manner.
Opportunistic reception in a multiuser slow-fading channel with an energy harvesting receiver

In a time-varying fading channel, opportunistic transmission when the channel is strong is known to yield a significant gain. A similar result appears in the context of multiuser channels where multiuser diversity gain is achieved by serving users with the strongest channels. In contrast, in this paper, we exploit opportunistic channel selection to reduce the processing energy at the receiver side. This saving is derived by increasing the gap between the instantaneous capacity and the code rate, which in turn reduces the required decoding energy. The savings in the processing energy then enables the receiver to sample and process a larger fraction of the packets. We first analyze the single-user case, and propose a signaling scheme that achieves the optimum rate. We then extend this result to a multiuser system.
EXTREME HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULINEMIA E AND UNDUE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION

The clinical and immunologic features of two adolescent boys who had recurrent pyogenic infections are judged to constitute a new syndrome. Its characteristics include: recurrent cutaneous, pulmonary, and joint abscesses; growth retardation; coarse facies; chronic dermatitis; exquisite immediate hypersensitivity associated with exceptionally high serum concentrations of IgE and eosinophilia; and depressed in vivo cellular immunity and antibody formation. These patients lacked evidence of respiratory allergy or parasitism. Atopic dermatitis was not present in one boy and the physical characteristics of the other boy9s dermatitis were not typical for that entity. Concentrations of immumnoglobulins G, A, M, D and the various IgG subtypes were normal, as were natural antibody titers to red cell antigens. Nevertheless, depressed anamnestic antibody responses were noted to diphtheria and tetanus antigens and neither patient demonstrated responses to primary immunization with KLH, typhoid, and DNCB antigens. Complement and polymorphonuclear functions were normal. In vitro lymphocyte studies done demonstrated normal DNA synthesis in phytohemagglutinin and staphylococcal antigen-stimulated cultures and MIF production by some antigen-stimulated cultures from each. The explanation for the undue susceptibility to infection, increased IgE production, subnormal antibody formation, and impaired in vivo cell-mediated immunity in these patients remains conjectural.
Deoxynucleotide-polymerizing Enzymes of Calf Thymus Gland V. HOMOGENEOUS TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE

Abstract A simplified procedure for purification of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is presented. The enzyme is shown to be homogeneous by equilibrium centrifugation and gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 32,360, with a v measured as 0.65 cc g-1. The homogeneous enzyme can be dissociated into two subunits, α and β, by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Subunit molecular weights, estimated from gel electrophoresis, are α = 8,000 and β = 26,500.