cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of the Cobra catheter for targeted temperature management during cardiopulmonary bypass in swine

Abstract Background: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether temperatures of the aortic arch and descending aortic circulations could be controlled independently during cardiopulmonary bypass with a cannula possessing an endoaortic baffle (Cobra; Cardeon, Cupertino, Calif). Methods: After Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, 12 pigs weighing 60 kg were started on bypass through a sternotomy. A dual-lumen endoaortic cannula with a deployable baffle was used for arterial cannulation. Bypass was initiated at 37°C, and control measurements were obtained. The baffle was then inflated with saline solution, segmenting blood flow along the greater and lesser curvatures of the aortic arch. Parallel heat exchangers were used to independently control temperature of the arch and descending aortic perfusates. Cerebral and systemic temperatures were recorded continuously. Results: During cardiopulmonary bypass, mean flow and arterial pressure were maintained at 2.4 to 2.6 L · min −1 · m −2 and 60 to 70 mm Hg, respectively. With aortic flow distributed by the baffle, a 5°C temperature differential between brain (30°C) and body (35°C) was established in a mean of 5 ± 2 minutes. Mean brain and corporeal temperatures of 27°C and 35°C were then maintained over 60 minutes. Relative to control, internal jugular and inferior vena cava oxygen saturations increased during targeted temperature control with the device. Conclusions: The Cobra cannula allows for independent control of brain and body temperature while providing satisfactory hemodynamics. Application of this temperature management strategy may offer cerebral protection and the advantages of warm systemic bypass temperature. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:936-42
The Qualitative and Quantitative Risks of Incinerating Hazardous Wastes

Incineration is becoming an increasingly popular method of treatment and disposal for both hazardous and municipal solid waste. Concerns about potential health risks associated with the operation of incineration facilities, however, have led to public opposition to their siting in several communities. The process of risk assessment is a useful tool for providing a quantitative basis for decision makers evaluating such siting concerns.
Determination of acrylamide monomer in hydroponically grown tomato fruits by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) fruits from plants grown hydroponically on polyacrylamide gel were obtained in order to assess any possible uptake of acrylamide monomer from the nutrient solution to the fruit during cultivation. Analysis of acrylamide in the gel itself involved aqueous extraction, bromination and then capillary GC determination with nitrogen-specific detection. By standard addition a level of 0·18 ± 0·01 g kg−1 residual monomer was found to be present in a sample of gel used by an experimental horticultural station. Tomato fruits were analysed by extraction of the aqueous phase, bromination, silica-gel cartridge clean-up and capillary GC–MS determination by selected ion monitoring. The recovery of the method was 26–62% but losses throughout were compensated for by use of 2,3-dibromo-2-dimethylpropionamide internal standard. No acrylamide monomer could be detected in tomato fruits from plants grown hydroponically on polyacrylamide gel at a limit of detection of 1 × 10−6 g kg−1, demonstrating that the monomer is not transferred from the growing medium into tomato fruits.
Decoding the ethnic labels used by undergraduates of Latin American descent

Ethnic labels provide insights to a client's self-definition and meaning making. RESULTS from a study of 500 undergraduates indicate that those who identified as Chicana/o, Latina/o, Hispanic, "hyphenated American" (e.g., Cuban American), or who identified by nationality differed on key psychological constructs. The importance of self-definition in counseling and research is discussed. Language: en
On the Scenic Route to Irving Berlin's Holiday Inn (1942)

This study of Irving Berlin9s Holiday Inn (Paramount, 1942) considers the collaboration of the film9s four primary creative figures: Irving Berlin, Mark Sandrich, Bing Crosby, and Fred Astaire. Extracted from a wide array of production materials, the story of the making of Holiday Inn demonstrates how archival research can address questions of broad scholarly interest, such as large-scale form, star personas, musical style, musical-dramatic integration, the representation of blackness and African American characters, and political meaning in popular-culture products. Examining details of the film9s production history sheds particular light upon the function of songs and musical routines as quasi-autonomous parts of the whole.
The non-Gaussian statistics of the velocity field in low-resolution large-eddy simulations of homogeneous turbulence

A low-resolution (64 3 ) large-eddy model of forced homogeneous turbulence is numerically simulated using Kraichnan's eddy viscosity. The introduction of a reliable statistical estimate of the ζ p exponents allows one to perform a detailed statistical analysis of the velocity field and shows that the probability distribution functions, the structure functions and the power-law exponents ζ p agree with previous numerical and experimental results obtained at much higher effective resolution. This result shows how a simple modelling of the energy transfer produces self-similar dynamics extending to the small scales and obtains the right statistical properties of the velocity field
Famennian Reefs in Alberta, Canada: ABSTRACT

The lowermost 200 feet of the Wabamun group of Famennian age may sporadically display an unusually abundant fauna in the subsurface of Alberta northeast of the then slowly submerging Poaco River landmass. This fauna, composed of stromatoporoids, coralline algae and various rod- and tube-shape bioclastic fragments in a sparry cement, is completely absent in nearby boreholes that show primarily carbonate muds with only rare dwarfed Foraminifera, some ostracods, and crinoid stems. Irregular mounds of medium to coarse cystalline dolomite, which contain stromatoporoids (Labechia sp. and Pseudolabechia sp.) and relic tube- and rod-shape fragments suggestive of coralline algae and other potential reef builders are found encased in Wabamun carbonate muds. These mounds are restricted to the region of complete or partial dolomitization of the underlying Graminia formation south of this Poaco River landmass. Identifiable specimens of reefal organisms still stand out, even if they are only moderately common in the severely dolomitized sections; they are completely absent in adjacent pelleted or unpelleted carbonate muds. The muds contain a negligible clastic admixture and are populated only by some individual Foraminifera of the Nodosaria family, Dasycladaceae such as M zzia sp., ostracods, and crinoids, with an extreme scarcity of biogenic remnants being the really paramount feature. The Wabamun dolomite mounds appear to occur preferentially near Wabamun thins, on the slopes of the Wabamun sea floor. Such reefal developments are found on slopes formed by the Wabamun being comparatively thicker over buried Frasnian Woodbend reefs, due possibly to some negative adjustments within or below these older reefs during Graminia and Lower Wabamun deposition. Unlike their undolomitized and tight equivalents, the Wabamun dolomite mounds have been cored frequently and thus are accessible to detailed study; they are economically important as attractive gas reservoirs with porosities to 13 per cent, permeabilities up to 200 millidarcys. Dolomitized biostroms previously reported by others from Palliser outcrops near Banff, Alberta, are exposed equivalents of similar magnitude; t e carbonate mud encasement renders them akin to Silurian reefs on Lake Erie and James Bay in Ontario. End_of_Article - Last_Page 548------------
Altering Cell Fate: From Thymus Epithelium to Skin Stem Cells

In a recent study in Nature, Bonfanti et al. (2010) report that the skin microenvironment can convert thymic epithelial cells into skin stem cells. This finding suggests that somatic stem cells may have a broader potential for lineage switching than previously thought.
Differential protooncogene expression in Sprague Dawley and Fischer 344 rats during 1,2-dichlorobenzene-induced hepatocellular regeneration

Significant differences in hepatotoxic injury of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) have been reported (Gunawardhana, L., Sipes, I.G., 1991. Dichlorobenzene hepatotoxicity strain differences and structure activity relationships. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 283, 731-734; Stine, E.R., Gunawardhana, L., Sipes, I.G., 1991. The acute hepatotoxicity of the isomers of dichlorobenzene in Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats: isomer specific and strain-specific differential toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 109, 472-481; Valentovic, M.A., Ball, J. G., Anestis, D., Madan E., 1993a. Acute hepatic and renal toxicity of dichlorobenzene isomers in Fischer 344 rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 13, 1-7; Kulkarni, S.G., Duong, H., Gomila, R., Mehendale, H.M., 1996. Strain differences in tissue repair response to 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Arch. Toxicol. 70, 714-723. Kulkarni, S.G., Warbritton, A., Bucci, T., Mehendale, H.M., 1997. Antimitotic intervention with colchicine alters the outcome of o-DCB-induced hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats. Toxicology. 120, 79-88). Although, hepatotoxic injury of o-DCB is greater in Fischer 344 (F344) when compared with Sprague Dawley (S-D) rats, this interstrain difference does not transcend into any difference in lethal effects of o-DCB. Interstrain difference in compensatory tissue repair has been suggested as the underlying mechanism for the lack of strain differences in lethality (Kulkarni et al., 1996; Kulkarni et al., 1997, see these refs. above). However, the mechanism(s) for this interstrain difference in tissue repair is (are) not currently understood. The objectives of the present study were (1) to investigate if the differences in compensatory tissue repair are reflected in differential protooncogene expression in S-D versus F344 rat livers and (2) to investigate if changes in protooncogene expression could explain the decrease and delay in tissue repair response beyond a threshold of 0.6 ml o-DCB/kg. Male S-D and F344 rats (8/9 weeks old) were administered either 0.6 or 1.2 ml o-DCB/kg and changes in expression of protooncogenes c-myc (immediate early) and Ha-ras (delayed early) were examined over a time course. Findings of this study indicate that the timing and extent of c-myc and Ha-ras expression varies in the two strains following administration of o-DCB. Thus, the timing and extent of compensatory liver regeneration that ensues following o-DCB administration in S-D and F344 rats is temporally concordant with the protooncogene expression in the two strains.
The components of the Korotkoff sounds

Abstract The arterial sounds include the following components: (1) and opening tap generated as the rising intra-arterial pressure overcomes the obstructive force of the compression produced by the cuff; (2) a rumble generated by flow through the partially opened, vibrating arterial wall; (3) a closing bruit produced during the arterial downstroke as intra-arterial pressure falls below the cuff pressure; and (4) breakers which occur prior to the opening tap when the arterial upstroke is steep. (5) Silences represent either laminar flow through a fully opened vessel, or absence of flow. Similarities between the Korotkoff sounds and the heart sounds and murmurs are indicated.
Alkylation of tellurium tetrachloride by trimethylaluminum. Synthesis and molecular structure of [Te(CH3)3][Al(CH3)2Cl2]: A novel organotelluronium-aluminum oligomer

Reaction of TeCl4 with A1(CH3)3 in toluene affords the crystalline product [Te(CH3)3][Al(CH3)2Cl2]. The title compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parametersa=11.630(3),b=12.595(4),c=8.409(2) A,β=89.97(2)°, andD c =1.62 g cm−3 forZ=4. Least-squares refinement based on 1354 observed reflectionsI≥3σ (I) in the range 3.5<2Θ<45.0° led to a finalR factor of 0.046 (R w =0.067). The compound does not exist as discrete cations and anions but may be described as an organotelluronium-aluminum oligomer. The mean Te-C bond distance is 2.130(11) A while the mean Al-Cl bond distance is 2.221(4) A.
Aeolian activity at a giant sandstone weathering pit in arid south-central Utah

Aeolian abrasional, depositional and deflational features indicate exceptionally strong southwesterly winds in a giant sandstone weathering pit in Grand Staircase Escalante Monument, about 22 km southeast of Escalante, Utah. The 60 m wide, 5–20 m deep pit has developed near the summit of a broad, barren 160-m-high dome on the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone. Unlike other giant weathering pits (10–30 m diameter) in the region, the bedrock floor of this pit is undulatory, and there is a cylindrical, 10-m-high rock pedestal in the centre of the pit. An active dune surrounds the central pedestal and at times has as much as 8 m of local relief. The dune shifts considerably over brief ( 250 µm) trapped in the pit. Dunal sand is typically derived from external sources (other than the pit walls and floor). Centimetre to metre-scale abrasional features such as grooves, flutes and dedos occur on the bedrock walls and floor of the pit. These dedos and other streamlined aeolian sculpted host-rock features occur in clusters and typically form in the lee of iron concretions. The dedos are similar to the controversial stalked blueberries on Mars. Above the western rim of the pit there is a 29-m-long, 5-m-wide aeolian groove with a fluted bedrock floor. A 1·2-km-long bedrock valley descends to the southwest from the pit and groove, amplifying southwesterly winds. Data from hand-held anemometers suggest that southwesterly winds can be accelerated 200–300 per cent or more by local topography. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of a local tertiary folding transition in the context of a globally folded RNA.

Binding of the Tetrahymena ribozyme's oligonucleotide substrate represents a local folding event in the context of a globally folded RNA. Substrate binding involves P1 duplex formation with the ribozyme's internal guide sequence to give an ‘open complex’, followed by docking of the P1 duplex into tertiary interactions to give a ‘closed complex’. We have isolated the open complex as a thermodynamically stable species using a site-specific modification and high Na+ concentrations. This has allowed characterization of P1 docking, which represents a folding transition between local secondary and local tertiary structure. P1 docking is entropically driven, possibly accompanied by a release of bound water molecules. Strategies analogous to those described here can be used more generally to study local folding events in large structured RNAs and to explore the structural and energetic landscape for RNA folding.
Allenylboronic Acid Pinacol Ester

[865350-17-0] C9H15BO2 (MW 166.03) InChI = 1S/C9H15BO2/c1-6-7-10-11-8(2,3)9(4,5)12-10/h7H,1H2,2-5H3 InChIKey = ;CJAOMXUZZONOSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for additions of a propargyl or an allene group to carbonyls and imines as well as performing allylic substitution or conjugate addition to obtain allene- or propargyl-containing products; used in cross-coupling to add a propargyl, an allene, or a propyne group) Physical Data: density = 0.9237 at 25 °C. Solubility: soluble in common organic solvents. Form Supplied in: clear, colorless liquid. Typical impurities include <2% propargylboronic acid pinacol ester. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 1.28 (s, 12H), 4.65 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.91 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 24.8, 70.0, 83.7, 218.6. Preparative Methods: easily available commercially, but can be prepared1 from Allenylboronic Acid and pinacol. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable under nitrogen at 2–8 °C. Flammable (flash point = 65.6 °C – closed cup).
A Gibbs sampler for inequality‐constrained geostatistical interpolation and inverse modeling

[1] Interpolation and inverse modeling problems are ubiquitous in environmental sciences. In many applications, the parameters being estimated or mapped have physical constraints, such as nonnegativity (e.g. concentration, hydraulic conductivity), solubility limits, censored data (e.g. due to dry wells or detection limits), and other physical boundaries or missing data. Geostatistical interpolation and inverse modeling techniques have often been applied for estimating such parameters, but these methods typically cannot enforce physical constraints. This paper describes a statistically rigorous and computationally efficient Gibbs sampler, a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, based on an a priori truncated Gaussian distribution model, which allows for multiple and variable physical constraints to be enforced within a geostatistical framework. Sample interpolation and inverse modeling applications confirm that estimates, uncertainty bounds and conditional simulations reflect the specified constraints, leading to conclusions that are more consistent with the underlying conceptual model, and provide a more accurate measure of the posterior uncertainty of the parameters being estimated. In addition, especially in inverse modeling applications, a posteriori confidence bounds are narrower even in areas where constraints are not imposed. The method is applicable in multiple dimensions, for data with or without measurement error, and with any variogram model.
Stalinism as a Civilization: New Perspectives on Communist Regimes:

A new line of inquiry into the history of communist regimes and the cold war has emerged. Pioneered by Stephen Kotkin and other American historians, it views Stalinism as the defining era of socialism, building a specific anti-capitalist and illiberal modernity that mustered voluntary participation and international legitimacy. This model of Stalinism as a rival civilization, held together by participatory totalitarianism, challenges older research on communist regimes – both revisionist and totalitarian studies. However, the degree of originality of this perspective is questioned here, citing precursors, parallels and contrasts within European research and political science.
Reversal of Central Nervous System Involvement in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome by Use of Plasma Exchanges

A 12-year-old girl presented with weakness, diplopia, and lethargy after a prodrome of gastroenteritis. Laboratory studies were compatible with a diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome. She developed seizures that were controlled by diphenylhydantoin and valium. In spite of peritoneal dialysis and fresh frozen plasma infusions, she progressed to a left hemiplegia associated with a brain scan finding of decreased blood flow in the right middle cerebral artery perfusion area. A 5 liter whole blood exchange transfusion did not improve the neurological status or low platelet count. Daily plasma exchanges with fresh frozen plasma replacement resulted in normal platelet count within 48 hours and was followed by progressive improvement in neurological status. Platelet agglutinating factor decreased to control levels. A repeat brain scan was normal.
Cancer CARtography: charting out a new approach to cancer immunotherapy

Evaluation of: Davila ML, Riviere I, Wang X et al. Efficacy and toxicity management of 19-28z CAR T cell therapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci. Transl. Med. 6(224), 224ra25 (2014). Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy has entered clinical trials in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 19-28z CAR T cells express a fusion protein comprised of an anti-CD19 mAb fused with CD28 costimulatory and CD3-zeta-chain signaling domains. The current paper demonstrates that administration of 19-28z CAR T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory B-ALL in a Phase I clinical trial has led to 88% of patients undergoing complete remission. Despite the benefits, CAR T-cell therapy is associated with cytokine release syndrome toxicities. The authors demonstrated criteria to diagnose severe cytokine release syndrome (sCRS) and treated sCRS with either high-dose steroids or with tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor-specific mAb. Although both alleviated sCRS, steroid treatment negated the beneficial effects of CAR T-cell therapy, whereas tocilizumab did not. Taken together, CAR T-cell immunotherapy can be used as a safe and effective approach against tumors with known tumor-associated antigens.
Identification and validation of cognitive design principles for automated generation of assembly instructions

Designing effective instructions for everyday products is challenging. One reason is that designers lack a set of design principles for producing visually comprehensible and accessible instructions. We describe an approach for identifying such design principles through experiments investigating the production, preference, and comprehension of assembly instructions for furniture. We instantiate these principles into an algorithm that automatically generates assembly instructions. Finally, we perform a user study comparing our computer-generated instructions to factory-provided and highly rated hand-designed instructions. Our results indicate that the computer-generated instructions informed by our cognitive design principles significantly reduce assembly time an average of 35% and error by 50%. Details of the experimental methodology and the implementation of the automated system are described.
Evaluating Women On Patrol A Critique of Contemporary Wisdom

This article provides an empirical analysis and a qualitative assessment of the major evaluations of policewomen's performance: A number of problems common to research on women are identified. In particular, there is a tendency to emphasize situations and characteristics associated with a male stereotype. Also, policewomen are often evaluated on criteria unrelated to police performance and in situations unrepresentative of police work. Other difficulties with evaluations of policewomen include a failure to control for Type 1 error for multiple tests; a disregard for variance in the consideration of female-male differences; disregard for workplace variation as a possible explanation of female-male differences; and the lack of methods to identify frequent tasks, important tasks, and good performance. The types of problems that characterize the research on policewomen should be avoided in evaluations of people in any jobs that are dominated by one gender group.
Optimal synchronous capacity allocation for hard real-time communications with the timed token protocol

The authors study the problem of transmitting synchronous messages before their deadlines in communication networks where the timed token medium access control protocol is employed. Synchronous capacity, defined as the maximum time for which a node can transmit its synchronous message every time it receives the token, is a key parameter in the control of synchronous message transmission. To ensure the transmission of synchronous messages before their deadlines, synchronous capacities must be property allocated to individual nodes. The authors develop and analyze an optimal synchronous capacity allocation scheme. An optimal scheme can allocate the synchronous capacities in such a way that the synchronous message deadlines are guaranteed if there exists any allocation scheme that can do so. The optimality of the allocation scheme proposed here is formally proved, and the bounds for its worst case achievable utilization are derived. >
Dynamic fine-grain leakage reduction using leakage-biased bitlines

Leakage power is dominated by critical paths, and hence dynamic deactivation of fast transistors can yield large savings. We introduce metrics for comparing fine-grain dynamic deactivation techniques that include the effects of deactivation energy and startup latencies, as well as long-term leakage current. We present a new circuit-level technique for leakage current reduction, leakage-biased bitlines, that has low deactivation energy and fast wakeup times. We show how this technique can be applied at a fine grain within an active microprocessor, and how microarchitectural scheduling policies can improve its performance. Using leakage-biased bitlines to deactivate SRAM read paths within I-cache memories saves over 24% of leakage energy and 22% of total I-cache energy when using a 70nm process. In the register file, fine-grained read port deactivation saves nearly 50% of leakage energy and 22% of total energy. Independently, turning off idle register file subbanks saves over 67% of leakage energy (57% total register file energy) with no loss in performance.
A GPIIb/IIIa bioreactor for specific treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura, an autoimmune disease. Preparation, in vitro characterization, and preliminary proof-of-concept animal studies

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease that affects thousands of Americans each year. The resulting thrombocytopenia, which develops from destruction of platelets (PLT) by anti-PLT autoantibodies (APAb), is often associated with hemorrhagic complications. Existing therapies are not effective and are associated with significant morbidity. Recently, a new treatment modality using plasmapheresis with a Protein-A column has shown some clinical promise. Yet, although this method would remove the pathogenic APAb, it would also deplete protective antibodies, thereby weakening the body's self-defense system. Because about 80% of patients with ITP develop APAb against the GPIIb/IIIa antigens on PLT, a novel approach of attaching a GPIIb/IIIa-linked bioreactor with an extracorporeal circuit is suggested herein to achieve highly effective/specific APAb removal and overcome shortcomings of plasmapheresis in treating ITP. A hollow fiber-based bioreactor device was fabricated, and GPIIb/IIIa antigens were immobilized onto the inner lumens of the hollow fibers by using the epichlorohydrin activation method. An optimized bioreactor containing a loading of 1.63 mg GPIIb/IIIa/g fibers and adsorption capacity of 1.9 mg 7E3/g fibers was developed. Preliminary proof-of-concept investigation using a 7E3-induced thrombocytopenic rat model (which mimicked clinical ITP) was carried out. A complete (100%) return of PLT counts to their initial levels was observed in rats within 6 h after the GPIIb/IIIa bioreactor treatment. In addition, a rapid restoration of WBC counts in the treated rats was also found. These preliminary findings shed light of promise of using the GPIIb/IIIa bioreactor approach in achieving highly improved ITP therapy.
The impacts of re-introducing Mississippi River water on the hydrologic budget and nutrient inputs of a deltaic estuary

Abstract Most wetlands of the Mississippi deltaic plain are isolated from riverine input due to flood control levees along the Mississippi River. These levees have altered hydrology and ecology and are a primary cause of massive wetland loss in the delta. River water is being re-introduced into coastal basins as part of a large-scale ecological engineering effort to restore the delta. We quantified freshwater, nitrogen, and phosphorus inputs to the Breton Sound Estuary for three climatically different years (2000, 2001, and 2002). Water budgets included precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, the diversion, stormwater pumps, and groundwater. Precipitation contributed 48–57% of freshwater input, while the diversion accounted for 33–48%. Net groundwater input accounted for less than 0.05% of freshwater inputs. Inputs of ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were determined for each of the water sources. Atmospheric deposition was the most important input of NH4-N (57–62% or 1.44 × 105–2.32 × 105 kg yr−1) followed by the diversion. The diversion was the greatest source of NO3-N (67–83%, 7.78 × 105–1.64 × 106 kg yr−1) and TN (60–71%). The diversion contributed 41–60% of TP input (1.17 × 105–2.32 × 105 kg yr−1). Annual loading rates of NH4-N and NO3-N were 0.17–0.27 and 1.2–2.3 g N m−2 yr−1, respectively, for the total basin indicating strong retention of nitrogen in the basin. Nitrogen retention through denitrification and burial was estimated for the upper basin.
Immediate surgical repositioning of one- and two-tooth dento-osseous segments

Abstract Variable occlusal deformities in 20 adult patients were corrected by immediate repositioning of one- and two-tooth dento-osseous segments. Complications and the technical problems in planning and design of the necessary osteotomies are discussed and illustrated by three case reports. Modifications in the design of the bony and soft tissue incisions were made to pedicle the mobilized segments to lingual or labio-buccal soft tissue. Proper flap design and surgical technique insures adequate intrapulpal and intraosseous circulation and prevents avascular necrosis, non-union, and devitalization of teeth. Clinical results substantiate the basic biologic premises formulated from previous animal investigations.
Gadolinium Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Predicts Reversible Myocardial Dysfunction and Remodeling in Patients With Heart Failure Undergoing β-Blocker Therapy

Background— In some patients with heart failure, β-blockers can improve left ventricular (LV) function and reduce morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can predict reversible myocardial dysfunction and remodeling in heart failure patients treated with β-blockers. Methods and Results— Forty-five patients with chronic heart failure underwent CMR. Contrast imaging using gadolinium was performed to obtain high-resolution spatial maps of myocardial scarring and viability. Cine imaging was performed to assess LV function and morphology and was repeated in 35 patients after 6 months of β-blockade. Gadolinium CMR demonstrated scarring in 30 of 45 patients (67%). Scarring was found in 100% of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (28 of 28) but in only 12% with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (2 of 17). In the 35 patients who were maintained on β-blockers and had a second study, there was an inverse relation between the extent of scarring at ba...
On the symmetry of good nonlinear codes

It is shown that there are arbitrarily long "good" (in the sense of Gilbert) binary block codes that are preserved under very large permutation groups. This result contrasts sharply with the properties of linear codes: it is conjectured that long cyclic codes are bad, and known that long affine-invariant codes are bad.
Singlet Molecular Oxygen Formation by O-Atom Recombination on Fused-Quartz Surfaces

Experimental results demonstrate O2(aΔ1g) (υ=0) formation by catalytic O-atom surface recombination in a room-temperature fused-quartz flow-tube reactor. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization is used to detect O2(aΔ1g) (υ=0) downstream of a nitrogen discharge flow titrated with nitric oxide to introduce oxygen atoms. A calibration procedure based on ozone photodissociation is developed to quantify O2(aΔ1g) (υ=0) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization signals. Partial pressures of O2(aΔ1g) (υ=0) in the range of 2.9 to 14 μtorr are measured in the ionization cell for O-atom partial pressures of 1.4–2.9 mtorr atomic oxygen introduced at the titration port. O2(aΔ1g) (υ=1) could not be detected; an upper limit for the O2(aΔ1g) (υ=1) partial pressure is one-fifth of the O2(aΔ1g) (υ=0) partial pressure. A simple chemical kinetics model demonstrates that measured O2(aΔ1g) pressures cannot be explained by gas-phase chemistry alone and must involve O atoms participating in surface reactions. It is found tha...
Trimethylamine N‐oxide influence on the backbone of proteins: An oligoglycine model

The study of organic osmolytes has been pivotal in demonstrating the role of solvent effects on the protein backbone in the folding process. Although a thermodynamic description of the interactions between the protein backbone and osmolyte has been well defined, the structural analysis of the effect of osmolyte on the protein backbone has been incomplete. Therefore, we have performed simulations of a peptide backbone model, glycine15, in protecting osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) solution, in order to determine the effect of the solution structure on the conformation of the peptide backbone. We show that the models chosen show that the ensemble of backbone structures shifts toward a more collapsed state in TMAO solution as compared with pure water solution. The collapse is consistent with preferential exclusion of the osmolyte caused by unfavorable interactions between osmolyte and peptide backbone. The exclusion is caused by strong triplet correlations of osmolyte, water, and peptide backbone. This provides a clear mechanism showing that even a modest concentration of TMAO forces the protein backbone to adopt a more collapsed structure in the absence of side chain effects. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The C 12 (p, p)C 12 Differential Cross Section

The ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}(p, p){\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ differential cross section has been observed at four scattering angles by using differentially pumped gas targets of propane and ethylene. The scattering angles employed were 106.4, 127.8, 148.9, and 169.2 degrees in the center-of-mass system, and the energy range covered extended from 0.4 to 4.3 Mev. These measurements show the angular behavior of the previously discovered scattering anomalies at 0.46 and 1.7 Mev and give values of the absolute cross section accurate to within five percent. A careful search in three- and six-kev steps failed to reveal any indication of any hitherto unknown scattering resonances within the energy range surveyed.
Railway Ballast Fouling Detection Using GPR Data: Introducing a Combined Time–Frequency and Discrete Wavelet Techniques

Ground-penetrating radar has been recently used for quantifying railway ballast fouling conditions. This paper discusses two approaches for processing the railway ballast ground-penetrating radar signal: the discrete wavelet transform method and the short-time Fourier transform method. Ground-penetrating radar field data collected in Wyoming in 2007 by two 2-GHz air-coupled antennas were used to verify both approaches. The collected ground-penetrating radar signals were processed by discrete wavelet transform. The signal standard deviation values were fitted by linear regression of the fouling indices, which were calculated using ground-truth sieving data. The spectrogram generated by short-time Fourier transform was used to analyse the ballast fouling condition level by comparing the energy attenuation speed. It was observed that both discrete wavelet transform and short-time Fourier transform approaches can be used to analyse ballast fouling conditions. The short-time Fourier transform method is easier to visualize, whereas the discrete wavelet transform approach can more quantitatively predict the fouling level. However, the discrete wavelet transform method provides the fouling condition of the whole ballast layer, whereas the spectrogram provides the fouling condition with respect to the depth profile.
Are we Ready for the Great Flood

When Steve Malone asked if I would like to write a guest column for the Electronic Seismologist, it seemed like a good idea. I had a few ideas for a column, and I distinctly remember Steve saying that I had two weeks. No Problem. But it turns out that two weeks, in Steve's mind, is actually ten days. So, I whined and got an eleventh day. Now it is early morning on the twelfth day, and I am taking advantage of the time zones to finish (OK, start and finish) this column before Steve settles in for his day's work. My saving grace may be Seattle's Morning Latte Law, which buys me an additional 30–45 minutes relative to an electronic seismologist working out of, say, San Diego. Where did these last eleven days go? What have I done, other than gain a greater appreciation for what Dave Barry faces on a regular basis? Basically, I did my day job in the Internet world. I taught my classes, but I'll spare you those stories. I also worked with Richard Borst, a high-school physics teacher at Silver Bluff High School south of Aiken, South Carolina after he alerted me to an earthquake that opened a sinkhole on a highway near the Savannah River Site. Using data that flows on the Internet in real time from his school and twenty other high schools in South Carolina, I analyzed this event and an earthquake in the area last October. Using data from Richard's school and another high school 60 km away, I was able to show that the most recent event was likely a sonic boom. We were both impressed that we obtained an estimate of the velocity of sound in air of 1,085 ft/sec. For his part, Richard investigated the sinkhole and concluded …
The Influence of Nutrient Chemicals on the Feeding Behavior of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The influence of nutrient chemicals on the feeding behavior of the larva of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was investigated using an agar-medium assay. Twenty-six sugars, 27 amino acids, 9 vitamins, 2 sterols, 7 lipids, Wesson's salt mixture and its principal components were tested. One sugar (sucrose), several amino acids (L-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, L-serine, etc.) and 3 phospholipids (lecithin, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl L-serine) elicited marked feeding responses. Inorganic salts (KG, KH2PO4 and NaCl) were inactive alone but acted synergistically with other feeding stimulants. Additive effects on feeding responses were observed when 2 different feeding stimulants were combined. Three distinct types of joint action—additive, synergistic, and antagonistic—were recognized. These 3 types of interaction influence the feeding behavior of the potato beetle.
Probability and Knowledge

Although I generally appreciate Bernard Dixon's topics as well as his thoughtful and insightful comments on a particular topic, I have to take exception to the following statement (Microbe, May 2011, p. 211):
Ultrabroad Bandwidth and Highly Sensitive Optical Ultrasonic Detector for Photoacoustic Imaging

We demonstrate an ultrasonic detector with unprecedented broad bandwidth and high sensitivity, based on an imprinted polymer optical microring. It has an acoustic response of up to 350 MHz at −3 dB and noise-limited detectable pressure as low as 105 Pa in this frequency range. Application of such a detector in photoacoustic imaging leads to improved axial resolving ability compared with using the conventional ultrasound detector, and sub-3 μm axial resolution is achieved, which is more than a 2-fold improvement with respect to the reported record. The device’s miniaturized cavity height guarantees its broadband response, and at the same time, its high optical quality factor ensures the detection sensitivity. Our work suggests that the polymer-based miniature microring resonator works as a high-performance ultrasound detector and has potential for acquiring volumetric photoacoustic images with cellular/subcellular resolution in three dimensions.
Study on Traffic Information Fusion Based on Improved SVM

On the basis of an analysis of the characteristics of traffic data,the paper proposes a multi-source traffic information fusion algorithm based on improved support vector machine(SVM).First,it analyzes the inadequacy of traditional SVM and proposes a decision tree method-support vector machine(DTM-SVM) algorithm.Secondly it studies the model and procedure of the DTM-SVM multi-source information fusion algorithm and establishes its layered structure model.Finally in a test with actual statistical data,it demonstrates the efficiency and practicality of the method.
Antagonistic and agonistic properties of saccharide moieties in the hemizona assay

The hemizona assay (HZA) was used to evaluate the effects of different sugars on human sperm-zona pellucida interactions. In each controlled assay, sperm binding from men of known fertility with/without preincubation with different carbohydrate constituents was compared. We used human prophase I oocytes obtained from surgically removed ovaries; these oocytes were stored in salt solution and later bisected by micromanipulation. Preincubation of sperm (1 hour) with fucoidin (1.0 mg/mL) significantly inhibited binding by more than 85% as compared with controls. Similarly, lesser fucoidin concentrations of 0.5, 0.25, and 0.01 mg/mL were markedly inhibitory. In addition, preincubation times of 60, 30, and 15 minutes were not different in their degree of inhibitory effect. On the other hand, preincubation of the hemizonae with fucoidin before HZA inhibited binding by 43% compared with controls. Here, the fucoidin effect was significantly less inhibitory than the sperm preincubation effect of fucoidin. Preincubation of sperm with d-fucose had no measurable effect on binding, whereas d-glucose (1.0 mg/mL) and l-fucose (1.0 mg/mL) increased binding. These results indicate: (1) that the HZA provides a unique internally controlled homologous bioassay to evaluate the effects of simple and complex carbohydrates on sperm zona interactions; (2) that fucoidin is an immediate (
Marijuana’s Acute Effects on Cognitive Bias for Affective and Marijuana Cues

Marijuana produces acute increases in positive subjective effects and decreased reactivity to negative affective stimuli, though may also acutely induce anxiety. Implicit attentional and evaluative processes may explicate marijuana's ability to acutely increase positive and negative emotions. This within-subjects study examined whether smoked marijuana with 2.7-3.0% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), relative to placebo, acutely changed attentional processing of rewarding and negative affective stimuli as well as marijuana-specific stimuli. On 2 separate days, regular marijuana users (N = 89) smoked placebo or active THC cigarette and completed subjective ratings of mood, intoxication, urge to smoke marijuana, and 2 experimental tasks: pleasantness rating (response latency and perceived pleasantness of affective and marijuana-related stimuli) and emotional Stroop (attentional bias to affective stimuli). On the pleasantness rating task, active marijuana increased response latency to negatively valenced and marijuana-related (vs. neutral) visual stimuli, beyond a general slowing of response. Active marijuana also increased pleasantness ratings of marijuana images, although to a lesser extent than placebo due to reduced marijuana urge after smoking. Overall, active marijuana did not acutely change processing of positive emotional stimuli. There was no evidence of attentional bias to affective word stimuli on the emotional Stroop task with the exception of attentional bias to positive word stimuli in the subgroup of marijuana users with cannabis dependence. Marijuana may increase allocation of attentional resources toward marijuana-specific and negatively valenced visual stimuli without altering processing of positively valenced stimuli. Marijuana-specific cues may be more attractive with higher levels of marijuana craving and less wanted with low craving levels.
Modulation of intracellular Ca2+ by glucose in MDCK cells: role of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase.

Intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) has multiple functional roles in renal epithelia, including mediating ligand- and volume-activated K+ and Cl- channels, modulating the permeability of apical membrane to Na+, and regulating tubuloglomerular feedback. We investigated glucose effects on intracellular pH (pHi) and [Ca2+]i in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells using fluorescent probes, SNARF-1 and fura 2, respectively. The addition of glucose decreased both pHi and [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent fashion. Thapsigargin (TG) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), well-known endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Ca(2+)-ATPase) inhibitors, abolished the glucose-induced [Ca2+]i decrease. Without glucose, 1 microM TG induced a sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i, which increased further with glucose addition, whereas 15 microM CPA induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i that was not affected by further addition of glucose. The sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i induced by TG was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. TG-induced [Ca2+]i increase was modulated by glucose, i.e., at higher glucose concentrations, TG induced a larger and more rapid rise in [Ca2+]i. We conclude that glucose has dual effects on [Ca2+]i regulation. Glucose alone reduces [Ca2+]i by activating ER-type Ca(2+)-ATPase, since this phenomenon is TG and CPA sensitive. In the presence of TG, glucose increases [Ca2+]i probably by increasing Ca2+ entry. Our data suggest a model in which TG activates capacitative Ca2+ entry by depletion of the ER Ca2+ pool. Glucose increases TG-induced [Ca2+]i elevation by further enhancing capacitative Ca2+ entry.
A Method to Evaluate Biomass Accessibility in Wet State Based on Thermoporometry

The substrate accessibility to enzyme has been considered as one of the most important factors for biomass conversion. To avoid the irreversible collapse of pore structure during the drying of sample, the measurement needs to be performed in a wet state. In this report, a thermoporometry method based on DSC isothermal step procedure is explained in details. This detects the amount of nonfreezing bound water in a wet sample and the value is expressed into pore size distribution with the Gibbs-Thomson equation. Information on pore size distribution and pore volume can be used to evaluate biomass accessibility.
Rewriting Semantics of Meta-Objects and Composable Distributed Services

Abstract Communication between distributed objects may have to be protected against random failures and malicious attacks; also, communication timeliness may be essential or highly desired. Therefore, a distributed application often has to be extended with communication services providing some kind of fault-tolerance, secrecy, or quality-of-service guarantees. Ideally, such services should be defined in a highly modular and dynamically composable way, so that the combined assurance of several services can be achieved by composition in certain cases, and so that services can be added or removed from applications at runtime in response to changes in the environment. To reason about the formal properties of such composable communication services one first needs to give them a precise semantics. This paper proposes a rewriting logic semantics for the so-called “onion skin” model of distributed object reflection, in which different meta-objects , providing different communication services, can be stacked on top of a basic application object. Since the correct behavior of a service depends on the type of hostile environment , against which the service must protect the application, rewriting logic should also be used to specify such hostile environments. The service guarantees are then guarantees about the behavior specified by the union of the rewrite theories specifying the basic application, the services, and the hostile environment.
The Chinese World

The early Chinese astronomers were the first to use a polar-equatorial system of observing and mapping the sky, which contemporary astronomers around the world still use today. The early Chinese were also among the most meticulous observers of the sky in history, and their observational records provide us with the earliest known accounts of many astronomical events. The nature of the early Chinese understanding of the cosmos held regularities in the skies as mirroring regularities in the human world. This unity between nature and humanity grounded the way the early Chinese understood unusual or irregular astronomical events such as the appearances of comets.