cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repeated large Slow Slip Events at the southcentral Alaska subduction zone

Abstract We identify and study an ongoing Slow Slip Event (SSE) in the southcentral Alaska subduction zone using GPS measurements. This is the second large SSE in this region since modern geodetic measurements became available in 1993. We divide the ongoing SSE into two phases according to their transient displacement time evolution; their slip distributions are similar to each other but slip rates are slightly different. This ongoing SSE occurs downdip of the main asperity that ruptured in the 1964 Alaska earthquake, on the same part of the subduction interface as the earlier 1998–2001 SSE. The average slip rate of this SSE is ∼4–5 cm/yr, with a cumulative moment magnitude of Mw 7.5 ( Mw 7.3 and Mw 7.1 For Phases I and II, respectively) through the end of 2012. The time and space dependence of the GPS displacements suggest that the slip area remained nearly the same during Phase I, while the slip rate increased with time. The SSEs occur on a transitional section of the subduction plate interface between the fully locked updip part and the freely slipping deeper part. During the 1964 earthquake, slip on the region of the SSE was much lower than slip in the updip region. Based on this observation and the repeated SSEs, we conclude that this part of the interface slips repeatedly in SSEs throughout the interseismic period and does not build up a large slip deficit to be released through large slip in earthquakes.
Probabilistic location and routing

We propose probabilistic location to enhance the performance of existing peer-to-peer location mechanisms in the case where a replica for the queried data item exists close to the query source. We introduce the attenuated Bloom filter, a lossy distributed index data structure. We describe how to use these data structures for document location and how to maintain them despite document motion. We include a detailed performance study which indicates that our algorithm performs as desired, both finding closer replicas and finding them faster than deterministic algorithms alone.
Inverse finite element analysis of indentation tests to determine hyperelastic parameters of soft-tissue layers

Indentation is being used increasingly to probe the mechanical behaviour of cells, the extra-cellular matrix, and organs. Multiple hyperelastic parameters have been extracted from indentation data, but their accuracy has not been evaluated. Consequently, this paper examines whether two non-linear hyperelastic parameters or even a single generalized elastic modulus E can be extracted accurately from atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation force–depth data. Tissue was modelled as incompressible isotropic Mooney–Rivlin (MR), polynomial (POLY), or exponential (EXP) layers. For each model, n = 9 sets of the two hyperelastic parameters (all with R2 > 0.99) were extracted from an artificial ‘benchmark’ by running our inverse finite-element-based extraction algorithm multiple times. Error between the mean extracted E and the known ‘benchmark’ value was 5.5 per cent for an MR layer, 3.6 per cent for a POLY layer, and 20.6 per cent for an EXP layer. Errors in at least one of the two hyperelastic parameters reac...
Input validation for the AUTOKNAQ knowledge acquisition program

The objects and structures used within an automatic knowledge acquisition tool for input storage directly affect the types and complexity of the validation process. The validation process can be complicated when inputs are made by a user who is not a domain expert or is unfamiliar with the target system. This is the type of scenario that is being addressed by the AUTOKNAQ tool and is the reason for its extensive validation. The input storage, which is optimized for facilitating inputs, tends to complicate the validation logic. The validation for AUTOKNAQ is performed as a series of five steps, each checks for a certain set of errors or conditions that could corrupt the knowledge and databases. An example is given for the validation of an incorrectly entered target system configuration. >
Response of Plasma beta-Endorphins to Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Healthy Subjects

A study of 31 healthy volunteers was done to test the hypothesis that analgesia produced by low frequency/high intensity (LoF/Hil) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is mediated by release of beta-endorphin (beta-E). After randomization, Group 1 (n = 10) received no stimulation (placebo); Group 2 (n = 9) received 30 minutes of high frequency/low intensity (HiF/Lol) TENS; and Group 3 (n = 12) received 30 minutes of low frequency/high density (LoF/Hil) TENS. Blood pressure, pulse, plasma beta-E levels, and evoked potential response were measured before and after treatment. Mean plasma beta-E increased with treatment in Groups 2 and 3 and fell in Group 1, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Sixty-seven percent of Groups 2 and 3 showed an increase in plasma beta-E levels compared with 30 percent in Group 1 (two-sample test of proportions, p less than .05). Evoked potential response, a measure of pain threshold, varied directly with plasma beta-E level independent of the type of treatment applied. This study did not demonstrate a difference between the effects of HiF/Lol versus Lof/Hil TENS on plasma beta-E in healthy subjects.
Regulation of T Cell Receptor Activation by Dynamic Membrane Binding of the CD3ɛ Cytoplasmic Tyrosine-Based Motif

SUMMARY Many immune system receptors signal through cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motifs (ITAMs), but how receptor ligation results in ITAM phosphorylation remains unknown. Live-cell imaging studies showed a close interaction of the CD33 cytoplasmic domain of the T cell receptor (TCR) with the plasma membrane through fluorescence resonance energy transfer between a C-terminal fluorescent protein and a membrane fluorophore. Electrostatic interactions between basic CD33 residues and acidic phospholipids enriched inthe inner leaflet of the plasma membrane were required for binding. The nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the lipid-bound state of this cytoplasmic domain revealed deep insertion of the two key tyrosines into the hydrophobic core of thelipidbilayer.Receptorligationthusneedstoresult in unbinding of the CD33 ITAM from the membrane to render these tyrosines accessible to Src kinases. Sequestration of key tyrosines into the lipid bilayer represents a previously unrecognized mechanism for control of receptor activation.
Integrating neo- and paleolimnological approaches to refine interpretations of environmental change

With the development of quantitative transfer functions to relate community structure to physicochemical variables, reconstructions of past environmental conditions have been possible and have enhanced our understanding of various ecosystem processes. There are cases, however, in which this approach is not applicable, or does not provide enough information for the questions being asked. In these cases, some alternatives are to conduct experiments or to examine the distribution of species at a finer spatial resolution. These two approaches have been used as alternatives to or in conjunction with the development of transfer functions. In this review, I discuss the ways in which these two approaches are now being used in paleolimnological studies to enhance our understanding of the ecology of the species found in sediment records and thus refine interpretations of environmental change. My focus is primarily on studies that deal with establishing clearer relationships between environmental variables and the growth or distribution of organisms. I present examples of how these approaches have been integrated in a variety of studies, including those designed to: (1) refine and enhance reconstructions that are based on transfer functions; (2) develop new paleolimnological tools to reconstruct environmental change; (3) explore mechanistic links in the relationships between organisms and commonly reconstructed environmental variables; and (4) pose and test hypotheses based on patterns in the sediment record. These cases demonstrate that the use of these approaches was essential to clarify species-environment relationships as well as lake responses to disturbance. As in all disciplines, however, there are many challenges in this area of research. In particular, the quantitative integration of these approaches with the sediment record is a major challenge, due to disparate spatial and temporal scales. This research can also be quite labor-intensive, and provides information on fewer taxa than in the calibration set approach. It also requires interdisciplinary training and/or collaboration in fields that have historically been less integrated, hence they may require greater effort. These issues may hinder the use of these approaches because of the perceived difficulty. I discuss these challenges and address possible solutions.
A biomathematical model of time-delayed feedback in the human male hypothalamic-pituitary-Leydig cell axis

We develop, implement, and test a feedback and feedforward biomathematical construct of the male hypothalamic [gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)]-pituitary [luteinizing hormone (LH)]-gonadal [testosterone (Te)] axis. This stochastic differential equation formulation consists of a nonstationary stochastic point process responsible for generating episodic release of GnRH, which is modulated negatively by short-loop (GnRH) and long-loop (Te) feedback. Pulsatile GnRH release in turn drives bursts of LH secretion via an agonistic dose-response curve that is partially damped by Te negative feedback. Circulating LH stimulates (feedforward) Te synthesis and release by a second dose response. Te acts via negative dose-responsive feedback on GnRH and LH output, thus fulfilling conditions of a closed-loop control system. Four computer simulations document expected feedback performance, as published earlier for the human male GnRH-LH-Te axis. Six other simulations test distinct within-model coupling mechanisms to link a circadian modulatory input to a pulsatile control node so as to explicate the known 24-h variations in Te and, to a lesser extent, LH. We conclude that relevant dynamic function, internodal dose-dependent regulatory connections, and within-system time-delayed coupling together provide a biomathematical basis for a nonlinear feedback-feedforward control model with combined pulsatile and circadian features that closely emulate the measurable output activities of the male hypothalamic-pituitary-Leydig cell axis.
Long-Term Use of Sleeping Pills in Chronic Insomnia

Chronic primary insomnia is a recurrent condition that negatively effects the daily functioning of patients diminishing the quality of their lives. It is associated with and in some situations is a risk factor in both psychiatric (depression) and physical illness (cardio-vascular). Treatment effectiveness in insomnia has been shown short term for both drug (benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine agonists) and behavioral treatment. Expert opinion has strongly advised against long term drug treatment because of concerns about residual sedative effects, memory impairment, falls, respiratory depression, rebound insomnia, medication abuse, dose escalation, dependency and withdrawal difficulties, and an increased risk of death possibly associated with the current hypnotic medications. Many of these concerns could be made against using these agents at all. Worries about these potential problems are challenged by the widespread clinical practice of using hypnotic drugs long term without any of these difficulties developing and with patients who feel their sleep and daily function is improved with the nightly use of their sleeping pill. The ability to mount a randomized, placebo controlled, parallel group, double blind trial of hypnotic medication in primary insomnia may not be possible. We may have to develop large systematic clinical databases, a number of case series in effect, to monitor both emergent symptoms and possible clinical effectiveness. There is the additional concern that there is a reluctance to examine the long — term drug treatment of insomnia. This reluctance may reflect a negative moral judgement about treating primary insomnia with drugs, a sort of “PharmacologicalCalvinism”, rather than just a data based judiciousness.
Memory Centric Computation (Mc2) for Large-Scale Graph Processing

Large-scale graph processing is an increasingly important workload in modern systems. Conventional systems are usually optimized for locality of memory references, using caches and parallelization techniques to cover long memory latencies. However since graphs are distributed over memory in unpredictable manner, their processing does not exhibit great locality. While graph algorithms have plenty of parallelism, they are not easily amenable for effective vectorization, as the memory references are scattered all over. What is needed is a paradigm to specify a number of parallel tasks, each of which performs a short computation near the memory and a mechanism to efficiently execute them. In this paper, we propose a novel computational model that is memory-centric: the computation is organized as a collection of functions, each of which operates on a specific piece of data and is executed close to the memory where it resides. Basic primitives are provided to orchestrate the flow, synchronization and execution of the functions at their respective data points to accomplish a global task. We propose a scalable architecture to execute this computational model. We simulate an implementation of this architecture to compare the performance of running some graph algorithms on it with observed performance when the same algorithms were run on conventional systems. Preliminary results for a few graph algorithms show our approach is very promising in improving the performance of graph algorithms.
EXIT INTERVIEW: JAKE CHERNOFSKY

Jacob L. (“Jake”) Chernofsky recently retired from his position of editor and publisher of AB Bookman’s Weekly magazine, which he joined in 1973. AB , which was originally titled Antiquarian Bookman , was founded on January 3, 1948 by Sol. Malkin, and the magazine’s name was changed to AB Bookman’s Weekly in 1967, “in recognition of a readership comprising mostly specialist dealers.” AB , which had been widely read for several decades by people involved in the world of antiquarian books, suspended publication in December 1999. How did you get involved in antiquarian books and AB? I got involved in antiquarian books through . . .
Hidden Pion Varieties in Composite Models for Diphoton Resonances

The diphoton excesses at 750 GeV seen in the LHC data may be the first hint of new physics at the TeV scale. We discuss variations of the model considered earlier, in which one or more diphoton excesses arise from composite pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons (hidden pions) associated with new strong dynamics at the TeV scale. We study the case in which the 750 GeV excess arises from a unique hidden pion leading to a diphoton final state as well as the case in which it arises from one of the hidden pions decaying into diphotons. We consider $SU(N)$, $SO(N)$, and $Sp(N)$ gauge groups for the strong dynamics and find that $SO(N)$ and $Sp(N)$ models give extra hidden pions beyond those in the $SU(N)$ models, which can be used to discriminate among models.
Electron Transfer as a Probe of the Permeability of Organic Monolayers on the Surfaces of Colloidal PbS Quantum Dots

Transient absorption measurements on both the picosecond and microsecond time scales reveal that the efficiencies with which a series of alkyl-substituted p-benzoquinone (s-BQ) molecules participate in static and collisional photoinduced electron transfer (PET) with colloidal PbS quantum dots (QDs) in dichloromethane solution depend on both the size and shape of the s-BQ molecule. The efficiencies of both static and collisional PET are limited by the presence of the oleate ligand shell on the surface of the QDs and decrease with an increase in molecular volume, VQ, of the s-BQ, in general; however, the substitution patterns on the BQ ring that facilitate static PET are not the same patterns that facilitate collisional PET. A model for the dependence of the collisional quenching efficiency on VQ allows quantitative characterization of both the permeability and average thickness of the oleate ligand shell of the QDs in a dichloromethane solution.
A NEW SPECIES OF HELICOCEPHALUM FROM IOWA

During a survey of nematode-destroying fungi in woodland soils from Johnson County, Iowa (Kitz and Embree, 1979) a previously undescribed fungus was isolated on several 2% water agar plates seeded with a pinch of leaves and other plant debris from a riparian woodland composed mainly of Betula nigra, Acer saccharinum and Acer negundo. Sporangiophores typical of the genus Helicocephalum, but not fitting the description for any of the known species in this genus, were observed.
Immunohistologic Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis: Detection of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme in Sarcoid Granulomas

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was detected by indirect immunofluorescence examination. ACE was present in the cytoplasm of epithelioid cells in granulomas from 38 of 39 patients who had clinical sarcoidosis but not in any of 37 nonsarcoid granulomas, normal lymph nodes, or splenic controls. Intensity of staining with ACE antiserum was inversely proportional to the degree of fibrosis and was significantly less intense in fibrotic granulomas. The detection of ACE appears to be a distinct aid in establishing a definitive tissue diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Therapeutic properties of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate: its role as an inhibitor in the progression of AIDS.

The therapeutic history of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (dithiocarb) is briefly reviewed. Dithiocarb was discovered serendipitously in our laboratory 35 years ago for the specific treatment of nickel carbonyl poisoning. Since that time, the therapeutic efficacy of dithiocarb has been reported for many disorders, including: nickel, cadmium, thallium, copper, and mercury poisonings, experimental nickel carcinogenesis, protection against radiation damage to bone marrow, treatment of candidiasis in experimental animals, hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease), systemic lupus erythematosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). It has been used as an antagonist to cisplatin and cyclophosphamide toxicities, and as an antidote to hepatotoxicity induced by chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and halothane. Most recently, it has been observed that the progression of HIV-1 infection is inhibited by dithiocarb administered intravenously or orally to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Attention is directed to the interactions of divalent cations to viral infections and to metal chelators (e.g., dithiocarb) as potential antiviral agents.
Morphology and Histology of the Alimentary Canal of the Imported Fire Ant Queen (Solenopsis saevissima richteri)

The morphological regions and the histological structures of the alimentary canal of the queen ant, Solenopsis saevissima richteri Forel, are described and illustrated. The alimentary canal is composed of the following regions : pharynx, oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, cardiac valve, ventriculus, pylorus, 12 Malpighian tubules, pyloric valve, anterior intestine, rectal valve, and rectum with three rectal pads. The stomodeal region is composed of an internal layer of intima, cuboidal epithelium, longitudinal striated muscle and an external layer of circular striated muscle. In some regions of the stomodaeum the longitudinal muscles are not evident. The mesenteron region is composed of columnar epithelium, circular striated muscle and longitudinal striated muscle. The proctodaeal region is composed mainly of an internal layer of intima, cuboidal epithelium, circular striated muscle and an external layer of longitudinal striated muscle. Strands of longitudinal muscle occasionally are found under the circular muscle.
German and British tourists' perceptions of African, Latin American and Caribbean travel destinations:

This study is concerned with identifying those destination attributes (pull) factors which influence European travellers' selection of Africa as a vacation destination region. It seeks to provide a database and an identification of a positioning framework within which the relevant tourism planners and promoters can promote the various sub-regions to selected European visitor markets. The research data suggests that African tourism marketers should pay attention to factors over which they have comparative advantage rather than trying to copy destinations in other parts of the world.
Application of coionoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of intussusception

Objective To observe the endoscopic features of intussusception in children and evalu- ate the possibility of diagnosing and treating intussusception by colonoscopy.Methods Either colouoscopy or air enema was applied to diagnose and treat child intussusception.Results 1) There was no significant difference in clinic-pathologic features between two groups (P0.05).2) 79 patients were diagnosed and treated by colonoscopy.72 of 79 patients were successfully restituted,and perforation was found in 4 patients after colonoscopy.Complications of intussusception diagnosed by colonoscopy included colitis (26 cases), polyps (4 cases),allergic purpura (2 cases).Three patients were performed celiotomy because of failure in restituting by colonoscopy.3) 82 cases of intussusception were diagnosed and treated by air enema.75 of 82 patients were successfully restituted,perforation was found in 4 patients after air enema.No complication of intussusception was diagnosed by air enema.Two patients who failed to restitute by air enema were performed celiotomy.4) There was no significant difference in achievement and perforation ratio between two groups. As to diagnosis of complication,restituted under colonoscopy is better than air enema.Conclusion Colonos- copy can be applied to diagnosis and treatment of intussusception.
The Electric Edge of Academe: The Saga of Lucien L. Nunn and Deep Springs College . By L. Jackson Newell.

The Electric Edge of Academe: The Saga of Lucien L. Nunn and Deep Springs College . By L. Jackson Newell. Foreword by William T. Vollmann. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. xxii + 455 pp. Illustrations, maps, table, appendix, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95.) In this intriguing blend of biography and institutional history, L. Jackson Newell traces the life of Lucien L. Nunn and the history of Deep Springs College, which Nunn founded in 1917. Newell’s previous work on innovation in higher education and his experiences as student, trustee, and president of the college enable him to contextualize the college’s developments and provide insight into the workings of a close-knit community. The first section of the book chronicles the life of Nunn, who developed a means of transmitting alternating electric current over extended distances … michellemorgan{at}missouristate.edu
17 – Sterilization of joint replacement technology

Publisher Summary There is clinical importance in manufacturing sterile joint replacement materials and maintaining the sterility of those materials. Complications related to deep infection of total joint replacement might include pain, reoperation, potential loss of the prosthesis, and, in some cases, loss of the limb or life. The manufacturer is responsible for producing sterile joint replacement prostheses and providing them in packaging that would maintain the sterility of the components over time. The method of sterilization and packaging should be chosen carefully such that the implant materials do not degrade. Care should also be taken to select sterilization and packaging methods that do not alter the chemical composition or mechanical properties of the prosthesis. This chapter reviews the sterilization methods that are relevant to medical devices and joint replacement prostheses in particular. It reviews the relevant established national and international standards and their terminology. It discusses the effects of sterilization methods and packaging systems as they pertain to the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the sterilized implant.
Evaluating E-Learning: A Case Study

As e-learning proliferates in the business and academic communities, there is an ongoing need to evaluate its effectiveness. This paper investigates the experiences and perceptions of students who completed self-paced, independent study online courses as a project within a traditional, instructorled graduate course. This project was conducted over two semesters utilizing both technical and non-technical learning units. While the project produced some positive outcomes, participants' reactions provide important insight about the challenges, limitations, and benefits of e-learning. Among the intriguing findings is that technical e-learning units were evaluated less favorably by users than non-technical units. The results raise implications for online learning unit design and future e-learning research.
Helium trapping at erbium oxide precipitates in erbium hydride

The formation of He bubbles in erbium tritides is a significant process in the aging of these materials. Due to the long-standing uncertainty about the initial nucleation process of these bubbles, there is interest in mechanisms that can lead to the localization of He in erbium hydrides. Previous work has been unable to identify nucleation sites in homogeneous erbium hydride. This work builds on the experimental observation that erbium hydrides have nano- scale erbium oxide precipitates due to the high thermodynamic stability of erbium oxide and the ubiquitous presence of oxygen during materials processing. Fundamental DFT calculations indicate that the He is energetically favored in the oxide relative to the bulk hydride. Activation energies for the motion of He in the oxide and at the oxide-hydride interface indicate that trapping is kinetically feasible. A simple kinetic Monte Carlo model is developed that demonstrates the degree of trapping of He as a function of temperature and oxide fraction.
Nested, or Hierarchical, Designs

In previous chapters, we have seen one- and two-factor designs and how to analyze them. In a factorial design, such as the one discussed in Chap. 6, the levels of the two factors – for convenience, A and B – are crossed, that is, every level of B will occur with every level of A. In practice, this means that, if we have three levels per factor, we will have nine experimental runs (without considering replicates). In this chapter, we will see a different type of design, called nested designs, where the levels of factor B will occur only at certain levels of A. For instance, we can have three levels of A and nine levels of B, but levels 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9 of B will only occur when the levels of A are 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation with Supported Organoplatinum(IV) Catalyst on Zn(II)-Modified Silica

Well-defined organoplatinum(IV) sites were grafted on a Zn(II)-modified SiO2 support via surface organometallic chemistry in toluene at room temperature. Solid-state spectroscopies including XAS, DRIFTS, DRUV–vis, and solid-state (SS) NMR enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), as well as TPR-H2 and TEM techniques revealed highly dispersed (methylcyclopentadienyl)methylplatinum(IV) sites on the surface ((MeCp)PtMe/Zn/SiO2, 1). In addition, computational modeling suggests that the surface reaction of (MeCp)PtMe3 with Zn(II)-modified SiO2 support is thermodynamically favorable (ΔG = −12.4 kcal/mol), likely due to the increased acidity of the hydroxyl group, as indicated by NH3-TPD and DNP-enhanced 17O{1H} SSNMR. In situ DRIFTS and XAS hydrogenation experiments reveal the probable formation of a surface Pt(IV)-H upon hydrogenolysis of Pt-Me groups. The heterogenized organoplatinum(IV)-hydride sites catalyze the selective partial hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to butenes (up to 95%) and the reduction ...
The sexual and reproductive health of foreign-born women in the United States.

Abstract Objective To explore the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviors, health insurance coverage and use of SRH services of women in the United States (U.S.) by nativity, disaggregated by race and ethnicity. Study design We analyzed publicly available and restricted data from the National Survey of Family Growth to assess differences and similarities between foreign-born and U.S.-born women, both overall and within Hispanic, non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black and NH Asian groups. Results A larger proportion of foreign-born women than U.S.-born women lacked health insurance coverage. Foreign-born women utilized SRH services at lower rates than U.S.-born women; this effect diminished at the multivariate level, although race and ethnicity differences remained. Overall, foreign-born women were less likely to pay for SRH services with private insurance than U.S.-born women. Foreign-born women were less likely to use the most effective contraceptive methods than U.S.-born women, with some variation across race and ethnicity: NH white and NH black foreign-born women were less likely to use highly effective contraceptive methods than their U.S.-born counterparts, but among Hispanic women, the reverse was true. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the SRH behaviors, needs and outcomes of foreign-born women differ from those of U.S-born women within the same race/ethnic group. Implications This paper contributes to the emergent literature on immigrants in the U.S. by laying the foundation for further research on the SRH of the foreign-born population in the country, which is critical for developing public health policies and programs to understand better and serve this growing and diverse population.
“Manning Up” to be a Good Father: Hybrid Fatherhood, Masculinity, and U.S. Responsible Fatherhood Policy:

Drawing on theories of masculinities, I analyze how a U.S. government funded “responsible fatherhood” program utilized a political discourse of hybrid masculinity to shape disadvantaged men’s ideas...
“This Beer Should Do the Trick!”: Heading to College with Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder may adversely impact transition to college. Alcohol and cannabis can be misused or abused in an attempt to self-medicate symptoms. Academic underachievement is common due to lack of self-advocacy, fear of public speaking, and avoidance of classes. This chapter describes the case of a young woman diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder and Major Depression Disorder prior to college matriculation. While her symptoms were relatively stable prior to starting college, she experiences a relapse of both anxiety and depressive symptoms in the context of disrupted treatment. This contributes to misuse of alcohol as well as declining academic achievement. Discussion focuses on the need to adequately prepare the patient and family for the transition to college through psychoeducation, establishing a treatment team on or near campus, anticipating potential difficulties with academics and social relationships, and developing a plan for accessing campus resources and supports. Other topics discussed include introversion, social maturity, and developmental readiness for college.
Character as Doppelganger

Henry Fleming is my doppelganger. He is a young man determined to live by his personal values and ideals as he confronts a variety of conflicts and challenges. Like Henry, as an educator I have always tried not only to uphold my personal values and ideals, but also to infuse them into my instructional work.
Circulatory Support Using the Intra Aortic Balloon

The organizers of this conference have done an outstanding job in bringing together many qualified panelists to speak on two of the most interesting and sometimes most vexing problems confronting cardiac surgeons today; conservation of the mitral valve and reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. We have also heard of the many ways we can “preserve” the myocardium during cardiopulmonary bypass — each method has its forthright spokesmen and detractors. Detractors and advocates abound, also, when the subject of myocardial revascularization is raised, and it is this subject I should like to partially explore at this time. Since 1967, the most rapidly expanding aspect of cardiac surgery has been the aortocoronary bypass operation. It is estimated that, in the United States, in 1974, 50,000 patients had such a procedure performed. As the benefits of coronary artery surgery have become well documented, more and more cardiologists have begun considering the surgical treatment of coronary atherosclerosis a bona fide complement to their methods.
Outcomes of Early Removal of Urinary Catheter Following Rectal Resection for Cancer

Early postoperative urinary catheter removal decreases urinary tract infection (UTI) rate and accelerates patient mobilization. The aim of this study is to determine the results of systematic urinary catheter removal on postoperative day (POD) 1 in patients undergoing rectal resection for cancer. Using a prospectively maintained database of 469 patients who underwent rectal resection for cancer, a retrospective review of all patients with urinary catheter removal on POD1 was conducted. Patients unable to void 6 h after catheter removal underwent in and out urinary catheterization (IOC group) and were compared with patients who voided spontaneously (non-IOC group) to determine risk factors for IOC. A total of 417 patients were identified, including 274 (66%) men. Median age was 59 (50–68) years. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) was performed in 134 (32%), and complex surgery with resection of at least one other organ in 72 (17%) patients. Non-IOC and IOC groups included 245 (59%) and 172 (41%) patients, respectively. Five independent predictive factors for IOC were male gender, obesity, history of obstructive urinary disease, APR, and metastatic disease. The cumulative risk of IOC in patients with zero, one, two, and at least three risk factors was 8%, 31%, 52%, and 68% on POD1, and 2%, 12%, 23%, and 30% on POD5, respectively (p < 0.001). Thirteen patients (3%) developed UTI. Early removal of urinary catheter resulted in 59% of patients voiding spontaneously with no need for IOC following rectal resection. Patients without any predictive factors had less than 10% risk of urinary dysfunction.
Towards an Untethered Ultrasound Beamforming System for Brain Stimulation in Behaving Animals

In this paper, we present a wireless ultrasound transmit (TX) beamforming system, potentially enabling wearable brain stimulation for small awake/behaving animals. The system is comprised of a 16-element capacitive micromachined transducer (CMUT) array, driven by a custom phased-array integrated circuit (IC), which is capable of generating high-voltage (13.5 V) excitation signals with sixteen phase delays and four amplitude levels. In addition, a Bluetooth low-energy module and a power management unit were integrated into the system, which realizes a battery-operated self-contained unit. We validated the functionality of the system by demonstrating beamforming and steering with a hydrophone measurement setup. We achieved an acoustic pressure output of 554 kPa pp at the depth of 5 mm, which corresponds to a spatial-peak pulse-average intensity (I SPPA ) of 2.9 W/cm2. The measured 6-dB beamwidth (0.4 mm) is promising in that it can stimulate a specific region of the brain, especially for small animals such as mice. Further smart partitioning of the system will enable a truly wearable device for small animals.
Medial meniscus allograft transplantation in the setting of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

While the reasons for ACL reconstruction failure can be multifactorial, medial meniscus deficiency remains a major contributor. The posterior horn of the medial meniscus acts as an important secondary restraint to anterior tibial translation. Functional or subtotal meniscectomy increases forces on the ACL graft, leading to attritional graft laxity and symptomatic recurrent instability. Additionally, loss of medial meniscal tissue increases the contact pressures in the medial compartment and may contribute to the development of post-meniscectomy syndrome. This chapter presents a complex case involving a three-time ACL reconstruction failure in the setting of medial meniscus deficiency. The chapter highlights the decision-making process required to identify and treat risk factors that contributed to failure of previous ACL reconstruction. As will be demonstrated, the addition of medial MAT contributes to functional stability and reduces painful medial symptoms. Medial MAT is a useful adjunct to revision ACL reconstruction during salvage intervention.
Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With Subsequent Initiation of Tobacco Cigarettes in US Youths

Importance The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other noncigarette tobacco products may increase the odds of cigarette initiation, even among low-risk youths. Objective To evaluate the associations of prior e-cigarette use and other tobacco product use with subsequent cigarette initiation within 2 years of follow-up. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective cohort study, data from waves 1 through 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013-2016) were used to assess youths aged 12 to 15 years who had never used cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or other tobacco products at wave 1. This was a nationally representative study of the US population. Data analysis was conducted in 2018. Exposures First noncigarette tobacco product used (none, e-cigarette, or other tobacco product) between wave 1 and wave 3. Main Outcomes and Measures Ever cigarette use and current cigarette use at wave 3. Results In the sample (N = 6123), respondents were 49.5% female; 54.1% non-Hispanic, white; and the mean (SD) age was 13.4 (1.2) years. Of these, 8.6% reported e-cigarettes as their first tobacco product, while 5.0% reported using another noncigarette product first; 3.3% reported using cigarettes first. Cigarette use at wave 3 was higher among prior e-cigarette users (20.5%) compared with youths with no prior tobacco use (3.8%). Prior e-cigarette use was associated with more than 4 times the odds of ever cigarette use (odds ratio, 4.09; 95% CI, 2.97-5.63) and nearly 3 times the odds of current cigarette use (odds ratio, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.60-4.73) compared with no prior tobacco use. Prior use of other tobacco products was similarly associated with subsequent ever cigarette use (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 2.63-5.63) and current cigarette use (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.88-6.26) compared with no prior tobacco use. The association of prior e-cigarette use with cigarette initiation was stronger among low-risk youths (OR, 8.57; 95% CI, 3.87-18.97), a pattern not seen for prior other product use. Over the 2 years between 2013 and 2014 and 2015 and 2016, 21.8% of new cigarette ever use (178 850 youths) and 15.3% of current cigarette use (43 446 youths) among US youths aged 12 to 15 years may be attributable to prior e-cigarette use. Conclusions and Relevance This study’s findings support the notion that e-cigarette use is associated with increased risk for cigarette initiation and use, particularly among low-risk youths. At the population level, the use of e-cigarettes may be a contributor to the initiation of cigarette smoking among youths.
Visualizing Protein Kinase A Activity In Head-fixed Behaving Mice Using In Vivo Two-photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy.

Neuromodulation exerts powerful control over brain function. Dysfunction of neuromodulatory systems results in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite their importance, technologies for tracking neuromodulatory events with cellular resolution are just beginning to emerge. Neuromodulators, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and serotonin, trigger intracellular signaling events via their respective G protein-coupled receptors to modulate neuronal excitability, synaptic communications, and other neuronal functions, thereby regulating information processing in the neuronal network. The above mentioned neuromodulators converge onto the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Therefore, in vivo PKA imaging with single-cell resolution was developed as a readout for neuromodulatory events in a manner analogous to calcium imaging for neuronal electrical activities. Herein, a method is presented to visualize PKA activity at the level of individual neurons in the cortex of head-fixed behaving mice. To do so, an improved A-kinase activity reporter (AKAR), called tAKARα, is used, which is based on Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). This genetically-encoded PKA sensor is introduced into the motor cortex via in utero electroporation (IUE) of DNA plasmids, or stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV). FRET changes are imaged using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2pFLIM), which offers advantages over ratiometric FRET measurements for quantifying FRET signal in light-scattering brain tissue. To study PKA activities during enforced locomotion, tAKARα is imaged through a chronic cranial window above the cortex of awake, head-fixed mice, which run or rest on a speed-controlled motorized treadmill. This imaging approach will be applicable to many other brain regions to study corresponding behavior-induced PKA activities and to other FLIM-based sensors for in vivo imaging.
Magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and geochronology of Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary sediments, Red Deer Valley

Magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and geochronology of Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary sediments, Red Deer Valley
Universally Designed Urban Environments: “A Mindless Abuse of the Ideal of Equality” or a Matter of Social Justice?

In “Justice and Nature,” Thomas Nagel rejects the idea that social equality requires the universal design of urban environments to accommodate people with disabilities. Universal design is a movement in architecture and other arenas to minimize the need to provide individual accommodations for people with disabilities by designing environments that are accessible to a wide range of individuals. I advance that Nagel inappropriately categorizes universal design as a matter of humanitarianism or charity. I argue that for people with disabilities to receive equal access to a city, universal design must be a central consideration in urban policy and construction. I also suggest that assistive technologies, devices that intentionally or unintentionally help people with disabilities access the same opportunities that the able-bodied have, is critical to the realization of universal design. These technologies are critical to facilitating responsible design, and relational autonomy for people with disabilities.
A multi-step assessment framework for optimization of flood mitigation strategies in transportation networks

Abstract Floods can lead to substantial direct damages to transportation infrastructure assets and cause significant indirect losses to communities that rely on the transportation network. This makes it crucial to understand the network's functional and operational deterioration caused by floods to help transportation agencies to either mitigate or plan for consequences of failures. To achieve this goal, this study uses an actual segment of a transportation network as a testbed to develop a network-level multi-step assessment framework to evaluate the flood-related risks and implement specific flood mitigation measures to the testbed. The multi-step framework first accomplishes assessments of the investment of pre-flood mitigation strategies, post-flood asset recovery cost, and indirect post-flood traffic delay and opportunity losses of the network. Then, a life-cycle benefit to cost analysis is applied to estimate the performance of the various flood mitigation strategies. This systematic effort is expected to provide a holistic overview of the flood risk to the network and a conservation-oriented means for optimizing and prioritizing mitigation investments while ensuring that the system resilience is sufficiently improved with respect to capability for absorbing flood hazards and adapting to partially-dysfunctional network operations during floods.
The Influence of Ultraviolet Light on the Langer-Hans Cell Population and Its Hydrolytic Enzymes in Guinea Pigs*

Electron microscopic (1-3) and histochemi-cal (4-10) investigations have provided significant information on Langerhans cells, but the nature of these intra-epidermal dendritic cells and their relationship to the melanocytes are still controversial. A study, therefore, was undertaken to examine Langerhans cells under conditions that are known to induce considerable changes within the pigmentary system and to compare the behavior of the two types of dendritic cells. The Langerhans cells of the guinea pig contain nucleoside phosphatases and aminopeptidase (8) and, they can be visualized selectively in tissue sections because malpighian cells and melanocytes fail to exhibit these enzymatic reactions (9, 10). The application of the histochemical method for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) to isolated epidermal sheets constitutes an elegant technic for the quantitation of Langerhans cells and provides a basis for experimental studies on this cell population (9).
Packing and Shipping Biological Materials

This chapter provides practical guidance to facilitate compliance with current national and international regulations that govern the packing and shipping of hazardous materials and dangerous goods. Topics in this chapter include terminology, classification and naming of diagnostic specimens and infectious substances, marking and labeling packages, packaging material, documentation, training and certification of personnel, practical suggestions for classifying diagnostic specimens and infectious substances, and resources for additional information. Medical waste which is reasonably believed to have a low probability of containing infectious substances must be packed and shipped as Medical Waste. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations, International Air Transport Association (IATA) requirements, and IATA packing instructions (PI) describe the minimum standards for the safe transport of various biological materials. The marking and labeling on the outer container communicate essential information regarding the shipper and consignee of the package, the nature and weight of the contents of the package, the potential hazard of the substance, how the substance is packed, and information to be used in case of an emergency. There are several simple but extremely important points which must be regularly and strongly emphasized to persons who pack and ship diagnostic specimens and infectious substances.
Handbook of Logic and Proof Techniques for Computer Science

Logic plays a central conceptual role in modern mathematics. However, mathematical logic has grown into one of the most recondite areas of mathematics. As a result, most of modern logic is inaccessible to all but the specialist. This new book is a resource that provides a quick introduction and review of the key topics in logic for the computer scientist, engineer, or mathematician.
Place of Birth: Ethics and Evidence

In the US and UK Births in obstetric units vastly outnumber births that take place outside of an obstetric unit. Still non-obstetric births are increasing in both countries. Is it professionally responsible to support a non-obstetric birth? It is morally responsible to choose to give birth at home? This debate has become heated with those on both sides finding empirical support for their positions. Indeed this moral debate is often carried out in terms of empirical evidence. While to some this debate over the evidence is a distraction from what is genuinely at stake, namely different non-epistemic values, I will argue in this paper that the way forward is to take a closer and more fine grained look at the evidence. This closer look will first require that we distinguish between evidence of risk acceptability and evidence of safety (relative risk) and then focus carefully on evidence of the safety of non-obstetric births compared to obstetric births.