cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of external membrane proteins of the T lymphoblast cell line CCRF-CEM.

Abstract The 70 membrane proteins of the T lymphoblast cell line CCRF-CEM were characterized by 1. 1. [35S]methionine internal radiolabeling; 2. 2. [125I]iodine labeling by a lactoperoxidase-mediated method; 3. 3. [3H]fucose internal labeling; 4. 4. binding to a lentil lectin adsorbant column; 5. 5. susceptibility to digestion with limited amounts of papain. Of the three methods of radiolabeling membrane proteins, [35S]methionine best displayed all proteins although some individual proteins were heavily iodinated or fucosylated. Thirty proteins were externally exposed as defined by susceptibility to lactoperoxidase-mediated radio-iodination and to digestion with minute amounts of papain. Thirtyfive proteins were bound to a lentil lectin absorbant column. p44 (HLA-A and -B antigens) were iodinated, fucosylated, susceptible to papain digestion and bound to the lectin column. β2-Microglobulin was iodinated and bound to the lectin column. The identifications and functions of other membrane proteins were not known. In general, proteins of high molecular weight (100 000 to 250 000 D) were more heavily radio-iodinated and fucosylated than were proteins of lower molecular weights. p95 was the most heavily fucosylated protein, p110, which had been identified only on T lymphoblasts, was fucosylated and was iodinated. p65, which was found only on the T lymphoblast line CCRF-CEM and could represent a lymphocyte subpopulation-specific molecule, was iodinated and fucosylated. p15 and p18 were equally and densely labeled with [35S]methionine but only p18 was fucosylated and it was heavily radio-iodinated. These experiments help to define the external membrane proteins of a T lymphoblast cell line in part for the selection of proteins for isolation in order to raise antisera for immunodiagnostic and functional studies.
FAMOS PROM Reliability Studies

Since the introduction of the FAMOS PROM structure and its implementation in a 2048 bit P-Channel MOS PROM, few device reliability data have been available. This paper presents data taken on both the P-Channel 2048 bit FAMOS PROM and the 8192 bit N-Channel FAMOS PROM. The reliability studies undertaken fall into two categories, PROM retention tests and integrated circuit reliability tests. The combination of tests employed provide the basis for activation energy and failure rate calculations.
The ion exchange of strontium on sodium titanate Na4Ti9O20.xH2O

The ion exchange behaviour of the exchanger Na4Ti9O20.xH2O was studied with particular emphasis on Sr2+ exchange. Titration of H4Ti9O20.xH2O with 0.1M [Sr/OH/2+SrCl2] solution yielded a strontium ion exchange capacity of 5.30 meq g−1 corresponding well with the theoretical value. When strontium was absorbed on Na4Ti9O20.xH2O from neutral solutions, Sr2Ti9O20.xH2O was formed. This compound decomposed to SrTiO3 and TiO2 when heated to 870 °C. From alkaline solutions strontium was absorbed both as Sr/OH/+ and Sr2+ with the proportion of the former species increasing with pH. At pH 12.8 only exchange of Sr/OH/+ was observed and the exchanged form was Na2/SrOH/2Ti9O20.xH2O. This compound decomposed to Na2Ti6O13 and an unidentified strontium titanate when heated to 870 °C. Distribution coefficients were determined for alkali and alkaline earth metal ions as a function of pH. The selectivity sequence for alkaline earth metal ions was Ba>Sr≌Ca>Mg, and that for alkali metal ions was Cs>K>Li /pH 2–6/ and Li>Cs>K /pH 7/.
An ac test structure for fast memory arrays

An ac test structure (ACTS) built into fast memory arrays is required to make them truly ac-testable, with 5–10% timing accuracy. Since their ac performance is very difficult to characterize, wafer tester timing uncertainty is generally about 10–50% of a typical array access time. More accurate testers are complex and expensive; they require long development time and have complicated operation procedures. ACTS is a simpler, cheaper, and more practical means of achieving greater accuracy. An ac test structure is composed of a tunable timer and path-shifting oscillators (PSOs) built around the various access paths of the array. The timer generates the array clocks with adjustable pulse widths, and the PSOs transform time intervals into frequencies. In the future, tester accuracy will improve, but memory performance will have accelerated even more. Thus, the need for ACTS is critical and will remain so in the foreseeable future.
Uniformity of Mantle Composition

Two recent forms of velocity-density relations have been inverted using Earth models derived from free-oscillation data to infer mean atomic weight profiles for the mantle. Within present uncertainty there is no evidence for discontinuities in mean atomic weight m ; from below the crust to just above the core-mantle boundary. The best value for a constant m is 21.1 ± 0.4 g/mole. Uniform m is consistent with whole-mantle convection and with diminished total iron content of the Earth. Because the mean atomic weight profiles are sensitive to small differences among the normal-mode Earth models, further refinement of these models is of great interest.
The prediction of microstructure in low-chromium substitutes for stainless steels

Previous Bureau of Mines research has shown that additions of Si and Al can partially replace the Cr in stainless steels for use in oxidation resistant applications. Because an austenitic microstructure is desired for optimum mechanical properties, a series of Fe-(4 to 12)Cr-(8 to 18)Ni-(0 to 8)Si-(0 to 6)Al-1Mn-0.05C alloys were metallographically examined to determine the compositions that stabilized this austenitic microstructure and inhibited the formation of ferrite or martensite. A series of Fe-1Mn-0.05C-Si-Al metastable phase diagrams for various Cr and Ni contents were drawn to provide better predictions of alloy microstructure than does the Schaeffler diagram. At the 8 to 10% Cr level, an austenitic region is formed only when Ni is at least 14%. An equation was developed to correlate the austenite and/or ferrite content to Cr and Ni-equivalent relationships. A second equation was developed to predict the transformation of austenite to martensite. These relationships can be used to predict alloy microstructure for Fe-base alloys containing 4 to 12% Cr.
Anaesthesia in the radiological suite (remote location) on an outpatient basis : SASA refresher text

The recent advances in diagnostic radiology and imaging studies have made these techniques an important part of the preoperative work-up of surgical patients. Today, most preoperative examinations are scheduled and performed on an outpatient basis. Most of these examinations are brief and cause no discomfort, but some are long and require immobility for a prolonged period. This presents a challenge for adults and is a virtual impossibility for young children. Other examinations can be painful or extremely uncomfortable and will require sedation/analgesia. In many institutions the anaesthesiologists have taken a lead role in providing an essential service to children undergoing radiological diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures. This ranges from providing general anaesthesia, deep sedation, sedation analgesia, or supervising the provision of other types of sedation that is administered by the radiology staff. This paper will describe the anaesthesia/sedation service as performed at Children’s National Medical Center (CNMC) in Washington, DC, USA, as an example of how a team approach can best utilise very scarce resources to best provide comfort to and ensure the safety of paediatric patients.
Art and Imperfection: Zola's L'Œuvre

Critics have long highlighted the impossible ambitions of Zola's search for realism in art. This article argues that in L'Œuvre, Zola acknowledges the inevitable failures of large-scale artworks to depict broad subjects accurately. Yet, he counterbalances these aesthetic flaws by stressing the ability of small-scale works or sections of larger works to offer accurate depictions of slices of life or of the human body. Zola, in effect, emphasizes the successes of the naturalist project of depicting life as accurately as possible, mediated through an artist's perspective, in fragments and "admirables morceaux". Rather than signs of failure, these worthy fragments are reasons to celebrate. Concurrently, he points to inevitable flaws in realistic depictions of life to urge artists to leave their aesthetic labors, if only briefly, to experience myriad facets of life so as to gain a fuller understanding of the complexity of their subject, the world around them.
Interaction of vaccinia DNA-binding proteins with DNA in vitro.

Abstract The interaction between the components of the vaccinia DNA-protein complex isolated from infected cells has been studied. The rapid sedimentation of complex-associated DNA is destroyed by the addition of 2 M NaCl. However, the DNA is restored to a rapidly sedimenting state upon removal of the salt. This reconstitution is Pronase sensitive, indicating that conversion requires complex-associated protein. It was demonstrated that competitor DNA but not RNA from eucaryotic or bacterial sources inhibited restoration of rapid sedimentation of endogenous complex-associated DNA. The results suggest that complex-associated proteins responsible for DNA complexing are not specific for viral DNA.
Metabolic Assessment and Individualized Nutrition in Children Dependent on Mechanical Ventilation at Home

Objective To evaluate the nutritional and metabolic status and body composition of children on long-term mechanical ventilation using a home-based model. Study design Children on home mechanical ventilation, for at least 12 hours a day, were eligible. We performed anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), actual energy intake (AEI), and indirect calorimetry in the subject's home. Agreement between measured energy expenditure (MEE) from indirect calorimetry, and estimated energy expenditure by the Schofield equation and a novel volumetric carbon dioxide production-based equation was examined. Agreement between fat mass estimates from anthropometry and BIA was examined and compared with population norms. Results We enrolled 20 children, 11 (55%) male; mean age 8.4 years (SD 4.8). Mean weight for age z-score was −0.26 (SD 1.48); 9/20 had z-scores +1. Thirteen were underfed (AEI:MEE 110%); 11 of 19 had protein intake that was less than recommended by guidelines. Fifteen subjects were hypo- or hypermetabolic. Mean (SD) fat mass % was 33.6% (8.6) by anthropometry, which was significantly greater than matched population norms (mean 23.0%, SD 6.1, P Conclusion A majority of children on home ventilation are characterized by malnutrition, altered metabolic status, and suboptimal macronutrient intake, in particular low protein intake. A multidisciplinary home-based model facilitates individualized energy and protein delivery and may improve outcomes in this cohort.
Surface Complexation/Gouy−Chapman Modeling of Binary and Ternary Cation Exchange

The two-layer surface complexation model combined with the Gouy−Chapman model (SCGCM) was applied to describe and predict experimental data for cation adsorption and exchange on a synthetic resin. Knowledge of the surface properties of the sulfonate macroreticular cation-exchange resin was incorporated in the model. The data set included single, binary, and ternary cation adsorption involving Na, Mg, and Zn in single anionic media of chloride, perchlorate, and sulfate at 0.05 and 0.2 N in total cation concentration (TCC) and in their 1:1 binary mixtures at TCC = 0.05 N. The SCGCM exhibited reasonably good agreement with binary and ternary cation exchanges in the different anionic backgrounds and ionic strengths, based on constants extracted from fits of single cation adsorption data and a small set of binary exchange data. Specific adsorption was predicted to be dominant for the cation adsorption and exchanges on the resin studied in this work. Na was specifically adsorbed on the sulfonate group of the re...
Dynamical sampling: Time–space trade-off☆

Abstract We consider the problem of spatiotemporal sampling in which an initial state of an evolution process is to be recovered from a set of samples at different time levels. We are particularly interested in lossless trade-off between spatial and temporal samples. We show that for a special class of signals it is possible to recover the initial state using a reduced number of measuring devices activated more frequently. We present several algorithms for this kind of recovery and describe their robustness to noise.
A comparison of soil-structure interaction calculations with results of full-scale forced vibration tests*

The capability of a simple soil-structure interaction model to predict the response of structures during forced vibration tests is evaluated by comparison of the theoretical and experimental response of a nine-storey reinforced concrete building. A very good agreement between theoretial and experimental results was obtained for vibrations in which the foundation acts as a rigid body. It was also found that simple models may not be applicable when the foundation is highly deformable.
Resistance among important pathogens and the antimicrobial activity of parenteral fluoroquinolones at 43 US medical centres

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as an important concern both in the United States and worldwide.l1,2] Numerous classes of antimicrobial agents have become less effective in recent years secondary to evolving microbial resistance mechanisms that, in some cases, have been linked to extensive use of drugs that select resistant strains. Nearly all intravenously applied drugs have been compromised to some degree. With these resistances assuming a greater importance in individual medical centres and nationally, resistance surveillance information assumes a critical role in guiding physicians toward appropriate parenteral therapeutic drug usage, and in discovering changing patterns of drug susceptibility and the possible influence of inappropriate antimicrobial utilisation.
Th–U–total Pb geochronology of authigenic monazite in the Adelaide rift complex, South Australia, and implications for the age of the type Sturtian and Marinoan glacial deposits

The Adelaide rift complex in South Australia contains the type sections for Sturtian and Marinoan glacial deposits. The litho- and chemo-stratigraphy of these deposits play a central role in evaluating global Neoproterozoic ice age hypotheses and Rodinia supercontinent reconstructions, but reliable depositional age constraints have been extremely limited. We report results of in situ Th–U–total Pb (electron microprobe) dating of detrital and authigenic monazite in two samples from the Umberatana Group (Sturtian Holowilena Ironstone and pre-Marinoan Enorama Shale) in the Central Flinders Ranges. Several texturally and chemically distinct detrital and authigenic populations are recognized. Detrital dates range from 1600 Ma to 760 Ma and most relate to well-known orogenic or igneous events in surrounding cratonic regions. Authigenic monazite grew in three or more pulses ranging from 680 Ma to 500 Ma. The date of 680 ± 23 Ma (2σ) for the earliest generation of authigenic monazite in sandstone from the Enorama Shale (1) provides an estimate for the age of the base of the Trezona carbon isotopic anomaly just beneath the Marinoan glacial deposits, (2) provides an absolute minimum age constraint on the underlying Sturtian glacial deposits, and (3) supports proposed correlations between type Marinoan deposits and precisely dated glacial deposits in Namibia and China, which bracket the presumed Marinoan equivalents between 655 and 635 Ma. This age is inconsistent with a Re–Os isochron age of 643 ± 2.4 Ma (2σ) on shales near the bottom of the Sturtian–Marinoan interglacial succession, stratigraphically > 3000 m below the Enorama Shale sample, and militate against the hypothesis that the type Marinoan is correlative with the 580 Ma Gaskiers glaciation. Monazite growth near 600 Ma and again at about 500 Ma probably represent hydrothermal fluid-flow events, the latter of which also corresponds to the well-known Delamerian Orogeny during which the Adelaide sediments were folded into their present structural pattern.
Inner rehearsal modeling for cognitive robotics

This paper presents a biomimetic approach involving cognitive process modeling, for use in intelligent robot decisionmaking. The principle of inner rehearsal, a process believed to occur in human and animal cognition, involves internal rehearsing of actions prior to deciding on and executing an overt action, such as a motor action. The inner-rehearsal algorithmic approach we developed is posed and investigated in the context of a relatively complex cognitive task, an under-rubble search and rescue. The paper presents the approach developed, a synthetic environment which was also developed to enable its studies, and the results to date. The work reported here is part of a Cognitive Robotics effort in which we are currently engaged, focused on exploring techniques inspired by cognitive science and neuroscience insights, towards artificial cognition for robotics and autonomous systems.
Video rate imaging with a conventional flood illuminated adaptive optics retina camera

Current adaptive optics (AO) flood-illuminated retina cameras operate well below video frame rates with most acquiring retinal images below 1/5th Hz. To improve clinical utility, we have developed a novel bench top version that achieves continuous video rate imaging using a strobing fiber-coupled laser diode and scientific-grade CCD.
The Oral Mucosal Punch Biopsy: Indications and Technique

The indications for advantages and disadvantages of the punch biopsy technique in the diagnosis of oral mucosal disease are discussed. The punch biopsy is recommended for use by the general practitioner as a simple, fast, inexpensive, and safe procedure for the diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions.
Effect of periodic strain on the leaky modes in single-mode fiber

The effect of periodic strain on the beat wavelength between the guided LP01 and the leaky LP11 modes is approximated around the LP11 mode cutoff. An abrupt change of the beat wavelength as a function of optical wavelength signifies the onset of the cutoff region. An order parameter is suggested to characterize the transition of the LP11 mode from a guided to a cladding mode.
Resonance in the collision of two discrete intrinsic localized excitations

The collision dynamics of two solitonlike localized excitations in a nonintegrable discrete $(1+1)$-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger system is studied numerically. It is demonstrated that the collision dynamics exhibits a complicated resonance structure of interlacing bound-state regions and escape regions of localized excitations with a sensitive dependence on the incoming energies of the localized excitations. We emphasize that this resonance is a combined effect of discreteness and nonintegrability of the system and contrast it with topological kink-antikink collisions in ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ and related systems.
Nuclear magnetic relaxation

The method of nuclear paramagnetic resonance absorption1 has been used to study the interaction of nuclei in solids, liquids, and gases with their environment. The two important quantities are the relaxation time T1, describing the energy transfer from the nuclear spin system to the whole of the sample, representing the heat reservoir, and the interaction among the nuclei alone, which can be described by a spin-spin relaxation time T2. From the theory of Waller2 one can predict the relaxation time T1 caused by interaction of the nuclei with the lattice vibrations. The time obtained is at least 104 times larger than the experimental values3″4′5.
Pitting and surface modification of SIC/Al

Pitting of Al based alloys can be detected by characteristic changes in the low-frequency region of the impedance spectra. Immersion in CeCl3 produces very corrosion resistant. SIC/Al surfaces.
Areas of projections of analytic sets

If V is a pure 1-dimensional analytic subvariety of C", then the area of V is the sum of the areas, counting multiplicity, of the projections of V onto the n coordinate lines [5, 6]. If V is a pure 1-dimensional variety in the unit ball in C" which passes through the origin, then [5] the area of V is at least ~. Together these theorems imply that a 1variety through 0 in the unit ball has the property that the sum of the areas of its projections on the coordinate lines, taken with multiplicity, is bounded below by ft. We shall generalize this result by showing that the conclusion is valid without counting multiplicities. A similar property of higher dimensional varieties will also be obtained. The proof depends upon a one variable result (Theorem l) which relates the area of the image of a function analytic in the unit disc to its LZ-norm on the circle. As an application we extend a result of Nishino [4] to the effect that a family of varieties is locally finite if each family of coordinate slices is such. This in turn will be applied to complete a theorem of Rothstein [7] on characterizing analytic sets in C" as those whose coordinate slices are analytic sets.
Dance, representation, and politics of bodies: ‘thick description’ of Tahitian dance in Hawai‘ian tourism industry

Following an interpretive approach to the study of culture, this paper examines Tahitian dance as a commodity for consumption in the Hawai‘ian tourism industry. I argue that the tourism industry sustains itself by producing a primitive Otherness through the deliberate display of bodies, and tourist dance performances provide a site for that display and visual representation. Following a ‘thick description’ approach to one Tahitian tourist dance show, I examine commoditization of the dance, and the multiple meanings and discourses such type of tourist representations produce. I also argue that though framed by tourist expectations, dance performances remain creative and authentic in tourism settings. I first describe an event as observed and then situate the meaning and representation of the observed phenomenon in social, historical, and political-economic contexts. The analysis is subjective and interpretive. I interpret the dance as observed in a Hawai‘ian social context and assign the purpose and intent...
Hyperfine Structure of Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Tritium

The optical transmission of an optically oriented rubidium vapor in spin-exchange equilibrium with atomic hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium has been used to measure with high precision the hyperfine splittings of these paramagnetic atoms. The results are $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(\mathrm{H})=1420.405726\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000030 \mathrm{Mc}/sec,$ $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(\mathrm{D})=327.384349\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000005 \mathrm{Mc}/sec,$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(\mathrm{T})=1516.701396\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000030 \mathrm{Mc}/sec.$ These results are based on a value of the hyperfine splitting of ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}$ which is taken to be $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}({\mathrm{Cs}}^{133})=9192.631840 \mathrm{Mc}/sec.$These measurements were made in various buffer gases which caused a shift in the observed hyperfine splitting, and the results given represent extrapolations to zero pressure. The pressure shifts were measured for H in argon, neon, helium, and molecular hydrogen and were measured for D and T in argon and neon. The assigned limits of error represent the range of disagreement of the zero-pressure extrapolations in the different buffer gases.
Core deformation in 6Li arising from the tensor force

Abstract The T = 0, J = 1, 2 and 3 positive parity levels of a six nucleon system are calculated using single-particle orbitals derived from a deformed oscillator potential. Proper eigenfunctions of J 2 are projected through Hill-Wheeler integrals. Simplified forces are used so that the entire deformation is due to the tensor force. It is found that, to a very good approximation, all three levels may be generated from a single intrinsic function with constant size and deformation parameters. The derived level scheme indicates that the vector effects of the tensor force, previously calculated by second-order perturbation theory, are included in this model.
Conformational changes below the Tm: molecular dynamics studies of the thermal pretransition of ribonuclease A.

Recent work suggests that some native conformations of proteins can vary with temperature. To obtain an atomic-level description of this structural and conformational variation, we have performed all-atom, explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) up to its melting temperature (Tm ≈ 337 K). RNase A has a thermal pretransition near 320 K [Stelea, S.D, Pancoska, P., Benight, A.S., Keiderling, T.A. (2001) Prot. Sci. 10, 970—978]. Our simulations identify a conformational change that coincides with this pretransition. Between 310 and 320 K, there is a small but significant decrease in the number of native contacts, β-sheet hydrogen bonding, and deviation of backbone conformation from the starting structure, and an increase in nonnative contacts. Native contacts are lost in β-sheet regions and in α1, partially due to movement of α1 away from the β-sheet core. At 330 and 340 K, a nonnative helical segment forms at residues 15–20, corresponding to a helix observed in the N-terminal domain-swapped dimer [Liu Y.S., Hart, P.J., Schulnegger, M.P., Eisenberg, D. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 3437—3432]. The conformations observed at the higher temperatures possess native-like topology and overall conformation, with many native contacts, but they have a disrupted active site. We propose that these conformations may represent the native state at elevated temperature, or the N′ state. These simulations show that subtle, functionally important changes in protein conformation can occur below the Tm.
Evaluation of Particle Beam Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry for the Analysis of Globular Proteins: Conformation of β-Lactoglobulin and Lysozyme:

The efficacy of the particle beam LC/FT-IR interface, in its development as a tool for the determination of dynamic protein structure from experiments such as HPLC separations and folding/refolding intermediate analysis, is presented here. The particle beam apparatus can be used to desolvate proteins rapidly in preparation of IR measurements. Several experiments have been designed to determine whether the operation of the particle beam apparatus causes alteration to the complex structural features of globular proteins, and whether it produces a solid-state spectrum representative of protein solution structure. It is shown here that the structural integrity of β-lactoglobulin is maintained when nebulized, desolvated from solution, and deposited onto the IR-substrate. Since enzyme activity is dependent upon the maintenance of higher-order structure, a complementary series of spectrophotometric-activity experiments with lysozyme collected from the particle beam were performed to determine the state of the tertiary and quaternary structures. The lysozyme particle beam deposit not only produced a secondary structure estimate similar to that of solution; it also retained its biological activity. It is demonstrated that the particle beam can induce structural changes in proteins with a carrier-liquid concentration gradient; this characteristic is useful for band assignment.
AAV liver expression of FIX-Padua prevents and eradicates FIX inhibitor without increasing thrombogenicity in hemophilia B dogs and mice

Emerging successful clinical data on gene therapy using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector for hemophilia B (HB) showed that the risk of cellular immune response to vector capsid is clearly dose dependent. To decrease the vector dose, we explored AAV-8 (1-3 × 10(12) vg/kg) encoding a hyperfunctional factor IX (FIX-Padua, arginine 338 to leucine) in FIX inhibitor-prone HB dogs. Two naive HB dogs showed sustained expression of FIX-Padua with an 8- to 12-fold increased specific activity reaching 25% to 40% activity without antibody formation to FIX. A third dog with preexisting FIX inhibitors exhibited a transient anamnestic response (5 Bethesda units) at 2 weeks after vector delivery following by spontaneous eradication of the antibody to FIX by day 70. In this dog, sustained FIX expression reached ∼200% and 30% of activity and antigen levels, respectively. Immune tolerance was confirmed in all dogs after challenges with plasma-derived FIX concentrate. Shortening of the clotting times and lack of bleeding episodes support the phenotypic correction of the severe phenotype, with no clinical or laboratory evidence of risk of thrombosis. Provocative studies in mice showed that FIX-Padua exhibits similar immunogenicity and thrombogenicity compared with FIX wild type. Collectively, these data support the potential translation of gene-based strategies using FIX-Padua for HB.
Second malignancies following radiotherapy for testicular seminoma.

Abstract Traditional treatment for testicular seminoma produces excellent survival. We report five, second non-testicular malignancies which occurred in a group of seminoma patients. A total of 79 men with primary testicular seminoma were available for analysis. All underwent a radical inguinal orchiectomy. Those with Stage I disease received adjuvant radiation therapy to the para-aortic and ipsilateral iliac nodes. The usual dose was 2500 cGy in 15 treatments. Stage II patients also received prophylactic mediastinal radiation therapy to a dose of 2500 cGy. None of the 51 Stage II patients died of tumour, whereas four of the 28 Stage II patients died of their disease. The median follow-up was ten years (range 4–25 years). The second malignancies seen were melanoma (2), myeloma, caecal adenocarcinoma, and retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma. All but one tumour developed within the radiation fields. Based on US SEER data for white males, only 1.5 cancers were expected, giving significantly greater (P=0.04) relative risk. This observation lends support to observation, rather than elective treatment, in patients with Stage I testicular cancer.
In situ stress measurement and design guidelines for compressed air energy storage/underground pumped-hydro excavations

This paper focuses on past experience with conditions of in situ rock stress and their effects on underground excavations and presents relevant guidelines for the designers of underground pumped hydro or compressed air energy storage projects. An overview is given on what is known of magnitudes and directions of in situ rock stress from some worldwide field measurement data. The geological engineering experience in designing underground excavations for in situ stress conditions recommended from extensive practice in Norway is described. Field examples are taken from U.S. underground construction and mining that verify some principles found in Norwegian practice. Hydrofracturing and overcoring for in situ stress measurements are then described and costs are discussed.
Mcl-1 promotes lung cancer cell migration by directly interacting with VDAC to increase mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and reactive oxygen species generation.

Mcl-1 is an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family frequently upregulated in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We now report the physiological significance of an interaction between Mcl-1 and the mitochondrial outer membrane-localized voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in NSCLC cell lines. Mcl-1 bound with high affinity to VDAC1 and 3 isoforms but only very weakly to VDAC2 and binding was disrupted by peptides based on the VDAC1 sequence. In A549 cells, reducing Mcl-1 expression levels or application of VDAC-based peptides limited Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondrial matrix, the consequence of which was to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In A549, H1299 and H460 cells, both Mcl-1 knockdown and VDAC-based peptides attenuated cell migration without affecting cell proliferation. Migration was rescued in Mcl-1 knockdown cells by experimentally restoring ROS levels, consistent with a model in which ROS production drives increased migration. These data suggest that an interaction between Mcl-1 and VDAC promotes lung cancer cell migration by a mechanism that involves Ca2+-dependent ROS production.
Translation nation: defining a new American identity in the Spanish-speaking United States

Translation nation: defining a new American identity in the Spanish-speaking United States, by Hector Tobar, New York, Toronto, Riverhead Books (Penguin), 2006, xiv + 349 pp., US$15.00/CN$21.00 (pa...
Polarization of signal wave radiation generated by parametric four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor : Ultrafast (∼150-fs) and nanosecond time scale excitation

The polarization characteristics of the signal wave produced in Rb vapor by difference-frequency, parametric four-wave mixing (FWM) has been investigated for either ultrafast $(\ensuremath{\sim}150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs})$ or nanosecond time-scale excitation of the $5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d$, $7s$ two photon transitions. The electronic configurations of the $5d\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}D_{5∕2}$ and $7s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}$ states of Rb, as well as their energy separation $(\ensuremath{\sim}608\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$, offers the opportunity to examine separately the resonantly enhanced $5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7s$, $5d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s$ FWM pathways on the nanosecond time scale and then to drive both channels simultaneously with an ultrafast pulse of sufficient spectral width. As expected, dye laser $(\ensuremath{\sim}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns})$ excitation of the $5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d$ $(J=5∕2)$ transition produces a signal wave $({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{s}\ensuremath{\sim}420\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ having the same ellipticity as the driving optical field. Two photon excitation of Rb $(7s)$ on the same time scale, however, generates an elliptically polarized signal when the pump is linearly polarized $(\ensuremath{\epsilon}=1)$, a result attributed to $7s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p$, $5p$ amplified spontaneous emission at $\ensuremath{\sim}4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}741\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, respectively. Simultaneous excitation of the $5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7s$, $5d$ transitions with $\ensuremath{\sim}150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ pulses centered at $\ensuremath{\sim}770\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ yields polarization characteristics that can be approximated as a superposition of those for the individual transitions, thus displaying weak coupling between the two FWM channels. Also, the influence of molecular contributions to the FWM signal is observed for Rb number densities above $\ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
Effect of Permissive Hypotension in Continuous Uncontrolled Intra‐abdominal Hemorrhage

Objective: To determine the effects of aggressive fluid administration vs permissive hypotension on survival, blood loss, and hemodynamics in a model of uncontrolled hemorrhage in which bleeding has been shown to be continuous. Methods: In this porcine model, 10 animals were bled through a flow-monitored shunt placed between the femoral artery and the peritoneal cavity. The animals received either no fluid (n = 5) or 80 mug lactated Ringer's solution (n = 5) during a resuscitation phase between 10 and 20 minutes postinjury, followed by a 40-minute evaluation phase. Arterial pressures, cardiac output (CO), and hemorrhage rate were measured, Survival and blood loss were calculated outcome measures. Results: The difference in survival between the animals left hypotensive (40%) and those receiving normotensive resuscitation (20%) was not significant (p = 0.49). In the animals receiving fluid resuscitation, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and CO increased during the resuscitative phase, but all the animals suffered the same pattern of hemodynamic deterioration in the evaluation phase. Rate of hemorrhage during the resuscitative phase was 20 ± 5 mL/min in the animals not receiving fluid and 56 ± 9 mL/min in the animals receiving fluids. Total blood loss was subsequently 20 mL/kg greater in the animals receiving fluids than in the animals without fluid resuscitation. Conclusions: In this model of continuous uncontrolled hemorrhage, the difference in survival between the animals left hypotensive and the animals receiving fluid resuscitation was not statistically significant. Increases in MAP and CO with fluid resuscitation were transient and were offset by larger volumes of blood loss. In contrast to the aortotomy model (where thrombosis is likely and hypotensive resuscitation has proven beneficial), this model suggests that in continuous bleeding, avoiding fluid resuscitation has a much smaller effect on outcome. Much of the benefit from hypotensive resuscitation may depend on having an injury that can stop bleeding.
Central Corneal Thickness and Corneal Hysteresis Associated With Glaucoma Damage

Purpose We sought to measure the impact of central corneal thickness (CCT), a possible risk factor for glaucoma damage, and corneal hysteresis, a proposed measure of corneal resistance to deformation, on various indicators of glaucoma damage. Design Observational study. Methods Adult patients of the Wilmer Glaucoma Service underwent measurement of hysteresis on the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer and measurement of CCT by ultrasonic pachymetry. Two glaucoma specialists (H.A.Q., N.G.C.) reviewed the chart to determine highest known intraocular pressure (IOP), target IOP, diagnosis, years with glaucoma, cup-to-disk ratio (CDR), mean defect (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), glaucoma hemifield test (GHT), and presence or absence of visual field progression. Results Among 230 subjects, the mean age was 65 ± 14 years, 127 (55%) were female, 161 (70%) were white, and 194 (85%) had a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or suspected POAG. In multivariate generalized estimating equation models, lower corneal hysteresis value (P = .03), but not CCT, was associated with visual field progression. When axial length was included in the model, hysteresis was not a significant risk factor (P = .09). A thinner CCT (P = .02), but not hysteresis, was associated with a higher CDR at the most recent examination. Neither CCT nor hysteresis was associated with MD, PSD, or GHT “outside normal limits.” Conclusions Thinner CCT was associated with the state of glaucoma damage as indicated by CDR. Axial length and corneal hysteresis were associated with progressive field worsening.
The Validity of the Geostrophic Approximation in the Winter Stratosphere and Troposphere

Abstract The validity of the geostrophic approximation is examined for the Northern Hemisphere from the lower troposphere to the stratopause in January, using a general circulation model. Substantial errors are found when the geostrophic winds are compared to the true winds in the stratosphere. The errors in the winter stratosphere are, in fact, much larger than the errors in the troposphere. The relative errors in quantities derived from the wind field, such as eddy momentum and heat fluxes are found to be even larger than the errors in the zonal wind field. The Eliasen–Palm (EP) flux divergence is now commonly used to diagnose the interactions of the eddies with the mean flow. The errors in the quasi-geostrophic EP flux divergence am found to be as large (or larger) than the true divergence in the winter stratosphere. The true EP flux from the model is convergent almost everywhere in the stratosphere although observational studies have shown a region of divergence at high latitudes, indicating an appare...
Blockade of a key region in the extracellular domain inhibits HER2 dimerization and signaling.

Background: Several treatment strategies target the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast carcinomas, including monoclonal antibodies directed against HER2’s extracellular domain (ECD) and small molecule inhibitors of its tyrosine kinase activity. Yet, novel therapies are needed that prevent HER2 dimerization with other HER family members, because current treatments are only partially effective. Methods: To test the hypothesis that HER2 activation requires a protein sequence in the HER2-ECD that mediates HER2 homo- and heterodimerization, we introduced a series of deletion mutations in the third subdomain of HER2-ECD. These deletion mutants were retrovirally expressed in breast cancer (BC) cells that naturally overexpress HER2 and in noncancerous, HER2-negative breast epithelial cells. One-factor analysis of variance or Student’s t test were used to analyze differences. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The smallest deletion in the ECD domain of HER2, which removed only 16 amino acids (HER2-ECDΔ451–466), completely disrupted the oncogenic potential of HER2. In contrast to wild-type HER2, the mutant-inhibited anchorageindependent growth (mean number of colonies: mutant, 70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 55 to 85; wild-type, 400, 95% CI = 320 to 480, P < .001) increased sensitivity to paclitaxel treatment in both transformed and nontransformed cells. Overexpression of HER2Δ451–466 efficiently inhibited activation of HER1, HER2, and HER3 in all cell lines tested. Conclusions: These findings reveal that an essential “activating” sequence exists in the extracellular domain of HER2. Disruption of this sequence disables the HER2 dimerization loop, blocks subsequent activation of HER2-driven oncogenic signaling, and generates a dominant-negative form of HER2. Reagents specifically against this molecular activation switch may represent a novel targeted approach for the management of HER2-overexpressing carcinomas.
Impact of Elevated Perioperative Fasting Blood Glucose on Carotid Artery Stenting Outcomes

Background Carotid artery stenting (CAS) for high-risk individuals is accepted practice. An impaired fasting hyperglycemia (IFG) is often associated with poor procedural outcomes after other percutaneous procedures. The clinical outcomes of CAS for patients with elevated fasting blood sugar (FBS) are not well defined. Methods A database of patients undergoing CAS was sampled from 2000 to 2009. An IFG was defined as plasma glucose >110 mg/dL. Life table analyses were performed to assess time-dependent outcome differences between those patients with and without IFG. The outcomes of freedom from restenosis, occlusion, death, recurrent symptoms, and neurologic event were calculated. Cox proportional hazard analysis or Fisher's exact test was performed to identify factors associated with outcomes. Results During the study period 322 patients underwent 345 CAS procedures. The mean follow-up was 4.6 years. A total of 196 patients (61%) were male. The indications for CAS were neurologic symptoms in high-risk patients in 23% and asymptomatic high-risk in the remainder. Fifty-nine percent had an IFG but only 30% had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with an IFG were more likely to suffer a major adverse event (MAE; death, myocardial infarction, stroke; 12% vs. 26%, ≤110 vs. >110, respectively, at 5 years, P = 0.021 by chi-squared analysis) in the 90-day perioperative period. By life table analysis, there were no differences between normal and IFG patients with regards to freedom from occlusion or target vessel revascularization. The long-term MAE rate was significantly worse in patients with an IFG, driven by decreased survival and stroke rates. Patients carrying the diagnosis of DM had equivalent outcomes to non-DM patients (67 ± 5% vs. 62 ± 7%, ≤110 vs. >110, respectively, at 5 years, P = 0.84). The presence of metabolic syndrome and/or the combination of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the IFG group were drivers of increasing poor MAE rates. Conclusions Patients with IFG undergoing CAS are at a greater risk for periprocedural morbidity and worse MAE in both the short and long term. The diagnosis of DM does not have a similar impact on outcomes. A current IFG, as opposed to a history of DM, should be considered an important risk factor when determining the suitability for CAS.
The antimicrobial activity of some insect extracts possessing juvenile hormone activity.

Extraktstoffe vonH. cecropia, S. cynthia undR. orizaba zeigten antibakterielle Wirkung gegenuber mehreren Mikroorganismen. Ein schwacherer Effekt wurde auch mit den Extraktstoffen vonGalleria mellonella, adulten Mannchen vonCynthia- und vonCecropia-Puppen beobachtet. Die antimikrobielle Aktivitat wurde mit dem Fettsaureanteil der Extraktstoffe in Beziehung gesetzt und von der Wirkung des Juvenilhormons abgegrenzt.
A Unified Analytical Look at Reynolds Flocking Rules

In this paper, we present a unified theoretical view of the so-called ``Flocking Rules of Reynolds'' introduced in 1987. No equations describing the rules or mathematical models of the mobile agents known as ``boids'' were presented in the original work by Reynolds. We show how to model a group of autonomous mobile agents by dynamic nets and achieve flocking by dissipation of the structural energy of the multi-agent system. As a by-product, we obtain a single protocol called the (alpha,alpha) protocol that encompasses all three flocking rules of Reynolds. We provide geometric interpretations of the advanced forms of some of these flocking rules. Simulation results are provided that demonstrate flocking of 100 agents towards a sink.
Near-optimal solutions to large-scale facility location problems

We investigate the solution of large-scale instances of the capacitated and uncapacitated facility location problems. Let n be the number of customers and m the number of potential facility sites. For the uncapacitated case we solved instances of size mxn=3000x3000; for the capacitated case the largest instances were 1000x1000. We use heuristics that produce a feasible integer solution and use a Lagrangian relaxation to obtain a lower bound on the optimal value. In particular, we present new heuristics whose gap from optimality was generally below 1%. The heuristics combine the volume algorithm and randomized rounding. For the uncapacitated facility location problem, our computational experiments show that our heuristic compares favorably against DUALOC.
Are Representations in Working Memory Distinct From Representations in Long-Term Memory? Neural Evidence in Support of a Single Store

Neural activation in a 12-item probe-recognition task was examined to investigate the contribution of the hippocampus to long-term memory (LTM) retrieval and working memory (WM) retrieval. Results indicated a dissociation between the last item that participants studied and other items of the study list: Compared with all other serial positions, activation was reduced for the item in the most recent position (for which no items intervened between study and test). This finding suggests that this last item was in focal attention at test time, and, therefore, no retrieval operation was required to access it. However, contra the assertion that the hippocampus should selectively support LTM, activation of the medial temporal lobe was observed for all serial positions other than the last position, and activation level could be predicted from the underlying memory strength. Collectively, these findings support single-store accounts that assume there are similar operating principles across WM and LTM representations, and the focus of attention is limited.