cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
4.3: SWNT fiber field emission cathodes

Small diameter, high current density electron beams are needed for the small beam tunnels required for high frequency traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifiers. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) began research on small diameter (<100μm) single fiber DC cathodes for this application. Two types of fibers were tested. Fibers made from graphite were compared to fibers made solely from single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are densely packed and highly aligned along the axial direction. Graphite fiber cathodes suffered serious degradation due to joule heating after only 25 hours of operation while only producing up to 200μA of current. SWNT fiber cathodes produced approximately 3mA of current for hundreds of hours while showing minimal physical damage.
Cumulative Damage Behavior of Anisotropic Al-6061-T6 as a Function of Axial-Torsional Loading Mode Sequence

Two types of low cycle fatigue tests were conducted along two principles orthotropic directions of an orthotropic Al-6061-T6 plate in strain control at room temperature: (1) reference fatigue tests under three loading conditions: push-pull, torsion, and combined push-pull/torsion in-phase; (2) sequential fatigue tests in which different sequences of push-pull and torsion were performed. Fatigue cracking behavior was observed during all of the fatigue tests. Shear cracking dominated the damage of the material. Anisotropic constitutive relations of the material were used in the evaluation of several multiaxial fatigue damage models. The predictive capabilities of these models were assessed based on the results of reference fatigue tests. The damage accumulation behavior of the material was found to depend on the sequence of the loading mode. For the sequence of torsion then push-pull, the damage summation was greater than unity. However, for the sequence of push-pull then torsion, the damage accumulation was near unity as predicted by the linear damage rule. A nonlinear damage accumulation rule could represent the result of the sequential fatigue tests.
Application of Series Capacitors for Voltage Regulation, Fault Current Limitation, and Voltage Flicker Control

Recent developments in equipment for protection of series capacitors, damping of resonance, and limitation of fault currents provide a useful means for reducing voltage drop and flicker when induction motors are started or suddenly loaded, and to improve operating conditions of a circuit during normal conditions by decreasing voltage regulation and by reducing short-circuit current during faults on the circuit. These recent developments also include equipment for suppressing ferro-resonance and subsynchronous resonance, and protective equipment to prevent service interruptions because of internal failure in the series capacitor assembly.
Microfluidic cellular and molecular detection for lab-on-a-chip applications

The power of the “Lab on a Chip” concept lies primarily in its ability to detect and manipulate at the cellular and molecular level with sufficiently high throughputs. With careful design and scaling considerations, molecular and cellular detectors (or sensors) facilitated by controlled microfluidic separation, purification, sorting, and mixing operations are more sensitive and specific. In this presentation, I will depict three levels of detection: DNA, protein, and cell. For DNA detection, a droplet microfluidic platform enables rapid and homogenous mixing in confined picoliter volumes for molecular hybridization fluorescence images. For proteins, I will discuss how an acoustic cavity mixer enabled an order of magnitude increase in speed of detection. Finally, a novel microfluidic device based on dielectrophoresis (DEP) enables the detection and sorting of biological cells based on their dielectric properties.
Thermal via allocation for 3D ICs considering temporally and spatially variant thermal power

All existing methods for thermal-via allocation are based on a steady-state thermal analysis and may lead to excessive number of thermal vias. This paper develops an accurate and efficient thermal-via allocation considering temporally and spatially variant thermal-power. The transient temperature is calculated using macromodel by a structured and parameterized model reduction, which generates temperature sensitivity with respect to thermal-via density. By defining a thermal-violation integral based on the transient temperature, a nonlinear optimization problem is formulated to allocate thermal-vias and minimize thermal violation integral. This optimization problem is transformed into a sequence of subproblems by Lagrangian relaxation, and each subproblem is solved by quadratic programming using sensitives from the macromodel. Experiments show that compared to the existing method using steady-state thermal analysis, our method is 126times faster to obtain the temperature profile, and reduces the number of thermal vias by 2.04times under the same temperature bound
Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor stimulation of glioblastoma cell cycle progression through G(1) is c-Myc dependent and independent of p27 suppression, Cdk2 activation, or E2F1-dependent transcription.

Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) expression has been linked to malignant progression in glial neoplasms. Using two glioma cell lines, U373MG and SNB-19, we have demonstrated that SF/HGF stimulation allows cells to escape G1/G0 arrest induced by contact inhibition or serum withdrawal. SF/HGF induced effects on two mechanisms of cell cycle regulation: suppression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and induction of the transcription factor c-Myc. Regulation of p27 by SF/HGF was posttranslational and is associated with p27 nuclear export. Transient transfections of U373MG and SNB-19 with wild-type p27 and a degradation-resistant p27T187A mutant were insufficient to induce cell cycle arrest, and SF/HGF downregulation of p27 was not necessary for cell cycle reentry. Analysis of Cdk2 kinase activity and p27 binding to cyclin E complexes in the presence of exogenous wild-type p27 or p27T187A demonstrated that Cdk2 activity was not necessary for SF/HGF-mediated G1/S transition. Similarly, overexpression of dominant-negative forms of Cdk2 did not block SF/HGF-triggered cell cycle progression. In contrast, SF/HGF transcriptionally upregulated c-Myc, and overexpression of c-Myc was able to prevent G1/G0 arrest in the absence of SF/HGF. Transient overexpression of MadMyc, a dominant-negative chimera for c-Myc, caused G1/G0 arrest in logarithmically growing cells and blocked SF/HGF-mediated G1/S transition. c-Myc did not exert its effects through p27 downregulation in these cell lines. SF/HGF induced E2F1-dependent transcription, the inhibition of which did not block SF/HGF-induced cell cycle progression. We conclude that SF/HGF prevents G1/G0 arrest in glioma cell lines by a c-myc-dependent mechanism that is independent of p27, Cdk2, or E2F1.
Advances in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Guide for Pediatric Neurologists

The purpose of this article is to assist pediatric neurologists in practice and in training to better understand and distinguish between several of the most commonly prescribed treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-aged children. Among the various pharmacotherapies available for ADHD, 4 specific medications will be reviewed: oral release osmotic system methylphenidate hydrochloride (CON; Concerta, McNeil Pharmaceuticals), lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX; Vyvanse, Shire Pharmaceuticals), atomoxetine (ATX; Strattera, Eli Lilly), and guanfacine extended-release (GXR; Intuniv, Shire Pharmaceuticals). This article contains information including medication-release pattern, administration including available dosing, adverse reactions, and case studies to serve as a guide to help determine when a particular treatment might be more appropriate than another. Although ADHD is apparent across the lifespan, this article will focus on children with ADHD from ages 6 to 12 years old. Importantly, although a number of stimulant and nonstimulant treatment options are available for school-aged children diagnosed with ADHD, choosing the best treatment options is highly dependent on obtaining thorough family and medical histories.
THE O-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDE STRUCTURES ARE STRIKING DIFFERENT ON PREGNANCY AND CHORIOCARCINOMA HCG*

hCG is a glycoprotein hormone which is detected in the serum and urine of pregnant women and of patients with hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. The molecule contains 4 0-1 inked sugar chains. In an effort to identify cancer markers, the structures of these sugar units on the hCG produced in pregnancy and choriocarcinoma were compared. hCG molecules in patient urines were purified by immuno-affinity chromatography and gel filtration. β-elimination was used to cleave the 0-linked sugar units, radioactive sodium borohydride to label them, and gel filtration on Bio-Gel P4 to size them and compare their elution volumes with those of standard oligosaccharides of known structure. A trisaccharide, NeuAcα2-3Galβl-3GalNAc-, was found to be the principal unit attached to urinary hCG from pregnant women (10 samples). A hexasaccharide, NeuAcα2-3Galβl-3(NeuAcα2-3Galβl-4 GlcNAcβl-6)GalNAc-, which accounted for just 6% (mean, range 0 − 14%) of the 0-linked sugar units on pregnancy hCG, was the principal unit (mean 5...
Use of ADHD drugs in children and young adults does not increase risk of serious cardiovascular adverse events compared with non-use.

### Question Are children and young adults using attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication are at increased risk for serious cardiovascular adverse events? ### People 1 200 438 children and young people (aged 2–24 years; mean age 11.1 years at baseline). Patients with congenital heart disease were included. ### Setting Four health plans, USA; from 1986 to 2005. ### Risk factors Current use of ADHD medication (methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate, dextroamphetamines, amphetamine salts, atomoxetine or pemoline). Individuals using these medications were identified from medical records, and could leave and re-enter the cohort as long as they continued to meet eligibility criteria. For each ADHD medication user up to two non-users were selected at random from the same site. Controls were matched by calendar year, age and gender and could have previous non-qualifying use of ADHD medications. Time spent in hospital and 30 days after discharge was not included as data on drugs dispensed in hospital was not available, and deaths in hospital were not an outcome of the study. ### Outcomes Serious cardiovascular event (sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke). Potential events were identified using claims and critical records, and validated by review of all relevant medical records by two cardiologists (or two neurologists for stroke) who were blinded to exposure status, using predefined criteria. …
Socially induced flight reactions in pigeons

Abstract The experimentally produced flight of one pigeon elicits alarmed flight in conspecifics, provided that the first bird's take-off is not preceded by preflight movements that predict its occurrence. Therefore, the ‘meaning’ of the take-off as an alarm signal depends on its behavioural context.
Flow cytometric DNA content analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue derived from cervical carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose:Flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content analysis has been shown to be of prognostic importance in some cancers. There have been recent reports of a prognostic importance for DNA content analysis in cervical carcinoma. Methods and Materials:We retrospectively reviewed the hospital and radiation oncology records of cervical carcinoma patients who presented between 1984–1990. Results:A total of 101 archival paraffin-embedded blocks were processed, of which 77 were of technical quality for analysis. Thirty-five percent were found to be DNA content aneuploid (DNA-A) and 65% DNA content diploid (DNA-D). No statistical difference was found between the two groups in age at diagnosis, % S-phase, coefficient of variation (CV), or proliferative index (PI). A statistical difference was noted in the G 2 M phase between the two groups ( p = 0.004). The median % S-phase was 8.4% in the DNA-D group. A statistical difference ( p = 0.017) in survival was noted between the low and high % S-phase DNA-D groups. In patients who received radiation alone, high-PI patients had improved survival compared to low-PI patients. No statistical difference in survival was noted in the high % S-phase DNA-D group and DNA-A group ( p = 0.28). Proportional Hazard (Cox) Regression found clinical stage the only independent prognostic indicator for survival. Conclusion:Flow cytometric DNA content analysis is being used more frequently in the management of different malignant tumors. Our study shows that DNA content analysis is useful in determining the prognosis and survival outcomes in cervical carcinomas and may aid in predicting outcome to certain types of treatment regimens.
Cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional memory

A highly adaptive aspect of human memory is the enhancement of explicit, consciously accessible memory for emotional stimuli. Recent findings from neuroimaging, neuropsychological, drug and neural stimulation studies indicate that emotional stimuli engage specific cognitive and neural mechanisms that enhance explicit memory. Emotional arousal influences memory via factors that act during memory encoding (attention and elaboration) and factors that modulate memory consolidation. Across studies, the amygdala has been consistently implicated as playing a key role in enhancing explicit memory for both pleasant and unpleasant emotional stimuli through modulation of encoding and consolidation processes.
Pore-structure, hydrophilicity, and particle filtration characteristics of polyaniline–polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes

A highly processable form of polyaniline was synthesized and used to form pure polyaniline and polyaniline–polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes by nonsolvent induced phase inversion. Blends containing up to 75% polyaniline were 10–20% more permeable than pure polysulfone membranes, while pure polyaniline membranes were 10 times more permeable and extremely hydrophilic. A novel scanning electron microscope imaging technique was combined with characterization data and the Hagen–Poiseuille pore-flow model to elucidate that increasing polyaniline content increased the apparent membrane pore size and hydrophilicity, while decreasing skin layer thickness and porosity. Pure polyaniline membranes exhibited relatively larger, shorter pores that combined with the increased hydrophilicity to produce the observed separation performance enhancements.
Evolution of modern humans : evidence from nuclear DNA polymorphisms

Previously we have described studies of the evolution of modern humans based upon data for classical genetic markers and for nuclear DNA polymorphisms. Such polymorphisms provide a different point of view regarding human evolution than do mitochondrial DNA sequences. Here we compare revised dates for major migrations of anatomically modern humans, estimated from archaeological data, with separations suggested by a genetic tree constructed from classical marker allele frequencies. Analyses of DNA polymorphisms have now been extended and compared with those of classical markers; genetic trees continue to support the hypothesis of an initial African and non-African divergence for modern humans. We have also begun testing non-human primates for a set of human DNA polymorphisms. For most polymorphisms tested so far, humans share a single allele with other primates; such shared alleles are likely to be ancestral. Populations living in humid tropical environments have significantly higher frequencies of ancestral alleles than do other populations, supporting the hypothesis that natural selection acts to maintain high frequencies of particular alleles in some environments.
Hydrogen bubbles and formation of nanoporous silicon during electrochemical etching

Many nanoporous Si structures, including those formed by common electrochemical etching procedures, produce a uniformly etch nanoporous surface. If the electrochemical etch rate is slowed down, details of the etch process can be explored and process parameters may be varied to test hypotheses and obtain controlled nanoporous and defect structures. For example, after electrochemical etching of a heavily n-doped (R = 0.05-0.5 ? -cm) silicon at a current density of 10 mA/cm? in buffer oxide etch (BOE) electrolyte solution defect craters, containing textured nanopores, were observed to occur in ring shaped patterns of rings. The defect craters apparently originate at the hydrogen-BOE bubble interface, which forms during hydrogen evolution in the reaction. The slower hydrogen evolution due to low current density allows sufficient bubble residence time so that a high defect density appears at the bubble edges where local reaction rates are highest. Current carrying Si-OH species are most likely responsible for the widening in the craters. Reducing the defect/doping density in silicon lowers the defect concentration and thereby the density of nanopores. Measurements of photoluminescence lifetime and intensity show a distinct feature when the low density of nanopores formed at ring edges are isolated from each other. Overallmore » features observed in photoluminescence (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) intensity strongly emphasize the role of surface oxide that influences these properties.« less
Mixed venous oximetry during automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement

Abstract Mixed venous oxygen saturation (Sv0 2 ) monitoring was used to assess tissue and circulatory recovery following induced ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in 17 patients undergoing surgery for automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) placement. Return of systemic arterial pressure conventionally determines adequate recovery. The duration of circulatory arrest during defibrillator threshold (DFT) testing, measured from the moment of absent phasic pressure at the radial artery until its return, was 18 ± 18 seconds (mean ± SD, n = 118 episodes). The absolute decrease in Sv0 2 from baseline to nadir for these 118 episodes was 14% ± 6% absolute, and correlated well with the duration of circulatory arrest ( r = 0.757, P = 0.0001). The time from onset of phasic arterial blood pressure to the nadir of Sv0 2 , available for 46 episodes, was 28 ± 14 seconds, and did not correlate with the duration of arrest. The time from onset of phasic pressure to the return of SvO 2 to within 1 % (absolute) of baseline saturation, available for 84 episodes, was 52 ± 32 seconds and, in the aggregate, correlated poorly ( r = 0.401) with duration of arrest. Simultaneous recording of arterial pressure and Sv0 2 (n = 41) showed that arterial recovery (6 ± 3 seconds) occurred long before Sv0 2 recovery (48 ± 16 seconds, P = 0.0001). The authors interpret these data as showing that mixed venous oximetry, compared to arterial blood pressure, provides a more sensitive indicator of tissue recovery following periods of circulatory arrest during DFT testing of AICDs.
Design optimization of N-shaped roof trusses using reactive taboo search

Abstract Design optimization of a class of plane trusses called the N-shaped truss (NST) is addressed. The parametric model of NST presented is intended for real-world application, avoiding simplifications of the design details that compromise the applicability. The model, which includes 27 discrete variables concerning topology, configuration and sizing of the truss, presents a challenging optimization problem. Aspects of such challenge include large search space dimensionality, absence of a closed-form objective function (OF) and constraints, multimodal objective function and costly CPU time per objective function evaluation. Three implementations of general-purpose genetic algorithms (GAs) are tested for this problem, along with a version of taboo search called reactive taboo search (RTS). In this study, the raw version of RTS exhibited better performance than the tested versions of GA but lacks some of the GA capabilities to span the search space. A modification of RTS that uses a population-based exploitation of the search history is proposed. The optimization results show that the introduced modification can further improve the performance of RTS.
The role of chain scission in fracture of amorphous polymers

We have investigated the role of chain scission in glassy polymers by monitoring the molecular weight changes induced by microtoming thin slices of monodisperse polystyrenes. The changes in number-average molecular weight allow determination of Nf, the number of bond scissions per unit area. It is found that Nf is independent of initial molecular weight and has the value 6.50 × 1013 scissions/cm2 at room temperature; Nf decreases with increasing temperature, suggesting that chain pullout increases with temperature. The work required to create unit surface area in polystyrene is several orders of magnitude greater than the energy required to break Nf bonds, indicating that plastic deformation plays a major role in deformation and fracture of glassy polymers.
1931. “The Space–Time Continuity and Atomic Physics” (the Bristol Lecture): Quantum Phenomena and the Double-Slit Experiment

Bohr’s ultimate understanding of quantum phenomena and quantum mechanics gradually emerged, I argue here, under the impact of his exchanges with Einstein, beginning with those that took place in 1927 following the Como lecture and continuing into the 1940s. The double-slit experiment enters these exchanges at the outset never to leave them or Bohr’s thinking itself.
The Human Information Appliance – the Mesh – and the Future Production of Intelligence: Problems for Resilience in the Combat-Homeland Security and Diplomacy Space

Building upon Jeff Raskin’s notion of the Information Appliance (Apple Computer 1978) – we integrate the reality of modern devices streaming information in the form we know now as contemporary and evolving human-information system infrastructure – with advanced situational awareness systems for intelligence production in combat - homeland security – and diplomacy spaces. The information-infrastructure oriented ideas of Martin Libicki (“The Combat Mesh” – Orbis) – PW Singer (Wired for War) and Burnett (“Genomic-Informed WMDs” APSA Paper) are integrated to produce analytical insight into how ethical problems and deliberations will impact human-technological interfaces as they combine to produce symbiotic information infrastructures – and corresponding conundrums in the future. This project is first and foremost a futures oriented product for the purpose of thinking about – in advance-risk and resilience analysis and management for a time that is beginning to feel familiar – if yet to come. Resilience today may be more a function of excellence in public policy that begets superb project engineering that scales to teams and a sense of community: tomorrow it may be much more personal and less communal due to engineering activities that may evolve in the other direction to the individual scale of human enhancement.
Critical Questions in Managing Human Resources

This brief note consists of a list of 30 key questions that general managers can ask themselves as they try to sort out what their corporate or managerial approaches to managing human talent within their organizations might be. The list is divided into strategic questions, recruiting questions, and performance-review questions. The note is intended for the senior general manager, not the human-resources professional.
Ludwig von Mises and the New York Times

This article discusses the discovery of some articles written anonymously by Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) for the New York Times during the 1940s.
Testing Horizontal and Vertical Fit: Strategic Retention and the 2008 Federal Human Capital Study

In our study testing the horizontal alignment of HR practices used to support organizational strategic goals, we predict a negative relationship between HRM outcomes and turnover intentions as medi...
Effect of Macrophages on Fibroblast DNA Synthesis and Proliferation

AbstractMouse peritoneal macrophages incubated with mouse 3T3 fibroblasts modulate DNA synthesis by the fibroblasts as measured by 125IUDR incorporation into DNA. The factor responsible for this activity is soluble and inhibits fibroblast DNA synthesis when present in high concentrations, whereas stimulation was observed at lower concentrations. Similar findings were observed when soluble fractions from human peripheral monocytes were incubated with primary human skin fibroblasts. In addition to increased DNA synthesis, there was a significant increase in human fibroblast proliferation as measured by direct cell counting. These findings support the hypothesis that macrophages play a regulatory role in wound healing through their capacity for positive and negative regulation of fibroblast DNA synthesis and proliferation.
Modified Spectral Operators for Time-Collocation and Time-Spectral Solvers

A new set of pseudo-spectral operators is developed for time-spectral harmonic balance solutions of periodic unsteady flows. The method utilizes smoothing filters that alter the inverse of the discrete Fourier transformation matrix, leading to a modified pseudo-spectral operator. The pseudo-spectral operator is used instead of the original operator that mimics the time-derivative term of the unsteady governing equations. The modified operator is capable of damping high frequency nonlinearities in the harmonic balance solution, thus alleviating the effects of high frequency oscillations that result in Gibbs-type phenomena. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated for two different test cases.
Surface roughness of electron beam melting Ti-6Al-4V effect on ultrasonic testing

Experimental research is underway focusing on the effect of surface roughness on defect detection using ultrasonic inspection. A nondestructive inspection technique for additively manufactured parts is necessary before such parts are utilized as production end-items for use in aircraft battle damage repair applications such as the rapid, on-demand, 3D-printing of aircraft replacement parts. This research will experimentally examine the effectiveness of ultrasonic testing on electron beam melting additively manufactured samples made from Ti-6Al-4V. Experimental results will determine whether surface machining to remove roughness will effectively enhance detectability and resolution of ultrasonic inspection.
Reliability analysis of dynamic mode I crack growth

estimates the reliability of a structure with a dynamic crack propagating in mode I. The model A method has been proposed to compute is based upon the theories of random vibrathe probability that a mode I dynamic crack tions, linear elastic dynamic fracture mechanics in an isotropic, homogeneous, two dimensional structure remains within a safe domain during and Firstand Second-Order Reliability Metha given interval of time. The method accounts ods (FORMISORM) [a]. for randomness in time varying applied loadThe model has been employed to study the evolution of crack growth in an infinite plate ing, dynamic fracture toughness and initial crack subject to far field stress. Sensitivity of reliabillength. It models the load and dynamic fracture ity on randomness in load and dynamic fracture toughness as random processes. The method toughness has also been investigated. Results is based upon the theories of linear elastic dynamic fracture mechanics, theories of random computed by the model were verified by Monte vibrations and First and Second order reliabilCarlo simulation. ity methods. An example of an infinite plate structure with a dynamic mode I crack has been demonstrated to show the use of the method.
Noninvasive blood pressure determination in the rabbit with a Doppler ultrasound probe

SummaryA rapid, reproducible, noninvasive technique which allows repeated determinations of blood pressure in the rabbit is described. With the rabbit in the supine position, hind legs extended, a pediatric blood pressure cuff was placed around the upper thigh. A Doppler ultrasound probe, placed over the femoral artery, was used to determine the systolic and diastolic pressures. The average pressures obtained were 132 ± 3/65 ± 1 mm Hg (± SEM) (n = 93). These correlated well with direct intraarterial recording of the blood pressure. This technique was also used to measure the elevated pressures in hypertensive rabbits. Pressure measurements varied very little from one observer to another. Repeated determinations from the same rabbit were also relatively constant. This modified auscultatory method provides an efficient method for blood pressure determination in the rabbit over a period of time.
Metabolic and behavioral thermoregulation in the long-tailed vole, Microtus longicaudus.

The difference between the mean standard metabolic rates of Microtus longicaudus acclimated to 15°C (2.62 cubic centimeters 02 per gram-hour) and those acclimatized at natural temperatures averaging 11°C (2.67 cc 02/g-hr) is not statistically significant. These values are 60 to 70 per cent higher than predictions based on body weight. The relationship of oxygen consumption to ambient temperature (0 to 40°C) was determined for voles in and out of their nests. The zone of thermoneutrality while in the nest (20 to 30°C) was 5° wider than when not in the nest (25 to 30°C). The relationship of oxygen consumption to ambient temperature below thermoneutrality was linear, described by the equation Y = 5.54 − .146 X (in the nest) and Y = 7.26 − .181 X (out of the nest). Above thermoneutrality, the relationship becomes curvilinear and is described by the equation log Y =.455 − .017 X . Visual observations at temperatures above thermoneutrality revealed no special behavioral patterns for thermoregulation. Body temperature of M . longicaudus was independent of ambient temperature between 5° and 25°C, averaging 37.4°C.
Unintended Consequences: Illegal Drugs and Drug Policies in Nine Countries

Assesses the effectiveness and unintended consequences of the laws and policies designed to criminalise, thwart or otherwise deal with drug production, consumption and trade in nine countries. The book considers what can be done to stop the increasing production of drugs worldwide.
Analysis on Sanitary Test Results of Drinking Water Quality in A Rural and Pastoral Area of Baotou City

[Objective] To understand the sanitary status of drinking water in a rural and pastoral area of Baotou City, to master the dynamic changes of water quality, and provide evidence for improving the rural drinking water quality.[Methods]Totally 17 points of centralized water supply in rural and pastoral areas were selected. The color, turbidity, pH and other 13 physical and chemical indicators of source water and peripheral water in rainless period and wet period were detected, as well as total number of colonies total coliforms and another microbial indicator.[Results]Of 64 annual tested water samples, the turbidity, smell and taste, pH, iron, manganese, chloride and the total number of colonies were qualified, the remaining items exceeded standards in varying degrees, the main indicators of excessive were fluoride, visible matter, nitrate nitrogen, color, oxygen consumption and arsenic.[Conclusion]Drinking water in this rural and pastoral area has been seriously polluted, the relevant departments should pay adequate attention to improving and strengthening the supervision as soon as possible.
Cisco Academy Support Center and Distance Education Course

Because of the enormous growth in Information Technology (IT) over the past 20 years, an abundance of job opportunity requirements for a variety of IT specialists in high technology corporations and the U. S. Federal Government is apparent and is continually growing. George Mason University (Mason), with over 33,000 students enrolled located in Northern Virginia, has become the focal point for educating IT professionals to fill this need. Recognizing this opportunity, in 2005, Mason became a Cisco Regional Academy not only because of prestige and recognition, but also to add value to the networking concentration of the undergraduate IT degree of the Department of Applied IT (AIT). Now, the Academy has 45 active Cisco Academies from Virginia, Maryland and Washington, DC areas. This year Cisco shared their upcoming Academy restructuring initiative with Mason, and asked whether the university is receptive to this transition in becoming a Cisco Academy Support Center (ASC) and Instructor Training Center (ITC). Mason has been successful in the role of a Regional Academy, and was positive toward Cisco's offer. This year, Mason has officially become an ASC that will serve 55 Cisco Academies in the State of Virginia and is in the process of becoming an ITC in May 2013. In this paper, we give a background of our partnership with Cisco Networking Academy, describe how we became a successful partner by blending Academy courses with AIT undergraduate degree curriculum and mentoring Local Academies, the transition process involved in becoming an ASC, and the added coverage and challenges Mason faces in the future. We also discuss the role of distance education (DE) on two important data communications courses of the undergraduate IT degree curriculum, because most of the materials of Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) part I and II are taught in these courses.
Artificial Overwintering Experiment of Ixodes persulcatus

In order to find out the overwintering form and place and to further study the vector position of Ixodes persulcatus,fifty adults, nymphae, larvae of each blood-sucking and unsucking were put into the plustic tube(12cm diameter,20cm high)containing moist sawdust. The top and bottom of the plustic tube were bound by two layers of gauze and a layer of cotton cloth with rubber band at the laboratory.The plastic tube containing ticks (30 adults, 30 larvae, 30 nymphae) was removed on the grassland in the nearby woods out of the laboratory on the first ten days of Nov.,then put weeds (15～20cm thickness of weeds) on it. It would be taken back to the laboratory on the first ten days of April the next year (while the ice and snow were melting) and the survival rate and development of the overwintering ticks of each life stage were observed. The results showed that the survival rate of the nymphae, larvae and adults of the blood-sucking were 93.3%, 96.6% and 3.3%, respectively; those of blood-unsucking 86.6%, 6.6% and 90%. On the basis of the observing results in the scene, the overwintering forms of Ixodes persulcatus were deduced to be the adults blood-unsucking, larvae blood-sucking and nymphae blood-sucking or blood-unsucking. The overwintering ground may possible be the thicker grassland with an elevation of 1 500～1 700 metres.
Cannabidiol: a potential treatment for post Ebola syndrome?

Summary Patients recovered from Ebola virus infection may experience short- and long-term physical, neuropsychological and social sequelae, including arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain, ophthalmic inflammation, auditory problems, fatigue, confusion, insomnia, short-term memory impairment, anxiety, depression and anorexia, all lasting from two weeks to more than two years. Currently there are no treatments for post Ebola sequelae. We hypothesize that cannabidiol (CBD) may attenuate some of these post Ebola sequelae, several of which have been postulated to result from inflammation and/or an autoimmune response. CBD has anti-inflammatory actions in various animal models. Clinical studies have shown that oral administration of CBD, compared to placebo, significantly reduces anxiety, has antinociceptive and anticonvulsant actions, and may be therapeutic for insomnia. Overall, CBD has a number of pharmacological effects that may significantly improve the mental and somatic health of patients suffering from post Ebola sequelae. In humans, CBD, at therapeutic doses, does not: 1) elicit dependence or tolerance; 2) significantly alter heart rate or blood pressure; 3) affect gastrointestinal transit; 4) produce significant cognitive or psychomotor impairments. Mild sedation and nausea are the most commonly reported adverse effects associated with CBD.CBD, based on its pharmacological effects and favorable safety profile, should be considered as a treatment for individuals with post Ebola sequelae.
A Mouse Model for Binge-Level Methamphetamine Use.

Binge/crash cycles of methamphetamine (MA) use are frequently reported by individuals suffering from MA use disorders. An MA binge is self-reported as multiple daily doses that commonly accumulate to 800 mg/day (~10 mg/kg/day for a 170 pound human). A genetic animal model with a similar vulnerability to binge-level MA intake is missing. We used selectively bred MA high drinking (MAHDR) and low drinking (MALDR) mouse lines to determine whether several procedural variations would result in binge-level MA intake. Data were also collected in two progenitor populations of the MA drinking lines, the DBA/2J (D2) strain and the F2 cross of the D2 and C57BL/6J strains. The impact of 3 factors was examined: (1) concentration of MA in the two-bottle choice procedure used for selective breeding; (2) ratio of bottles containing MA vs. water, and (3) length of the withdrawal (or abstinence) period between MA drinking sessions. When MA concentration was progressively increased every 4 days in 20 mg/l amounts from 20 to 140 mg/l, maximum intake in MALDR mice was 1.1 mg/kg, whereas MAHDR mice consumed as much as 14.6 mg/kg. When these concentrations were tested in a multiple bottle choice procedure, the highest ratio of MA to water bottles (3:1) was associated with escalated MA intake of up to 29.1 mg/kg in MAHDR mice and 12.0 mg/kg in F2 mice; MALDR mice did not show a ratio-dependent escalation in MA intake. Finally, MAHDR and D2 mice were offered 3 bottles of MA vs. water at increasing concentrations from 20 to 80 mg/l, and tested under an intermittent 6-h withdrawal period, which was lengthened to 30 hours (D2 mice) or to 30 or 78 hours (MAHDR). D2 and MAHDR mice initially consumed similar amounts of 14-16 mg/kg MA, but D2 mice reduced their MA intake 3-fold after introduction of 30-h abstinence periods, whereas MAHDR mice retained their high level of intake regardless of withdrawal period. MAHDR mice provide a genetic model of binge-level MA intake appropriate for the study of associated MA-induced neurobiological changes and pharmaceutical treatments.
Mobile as a Means to Electrification in Uganda

This research study investigates a proposed model using mobile phones as an accelerator for solar adoption in Uganda. Sixty-five percent of Uganda is non-electrified, and 72% of people are unbanked. Due to the lack of financial infrastructure and banking history, banks are not able to predict default loan behaviors. In an attempt to scale solar adoption, we propose a USSD model for users to receive energy loan approvals based on mobile financial history. The research involves a mix-method qualitative approach with 36 users to evaluate the following objectives: 1) user's ability to understand and consent to a "mobile credit check" for loan approval 2) perception of variable loan discounts for those with good credit and 3) how the USSD model will fit in the broader solar environment.
Obesity-Associated Hypertension

Both hypertension and obesity are highly prevalent chronic medical conditions that afflict an increasing portion of both the adult and the pediatric populations in clinical practice worldwide.
P49/STRAP, a serum response factor binding protein (SRFBP1), is involved in the redistribution of cytoskeletal f-actin proteins during glucose deprivation

The functional decline that usually accompanies adult aging also encompasses cellular changes including cytoplasmic architecture. In addition to their role in cytoskeletal structure, actin microfilaments have important roles in various cellular processes, including cell-to-cell communication and intracellular signaling. Age-related diseases and late-stage cellular morphological appearances often correlate with altered f-actin structure, which has been observed most notably in cancer. What remains less clear are the molecular pathways that may be involved in normal and premature aging-induced f-actin changes. We report herein that p49/STRAP, a serum response factor binding protein (SRFBP1), is increased with normal aging and appears to be sensitive to low glucose-exposure. Our study results suggest that increased levels of p49/STRAP expression tend to correlate with f-actin redistribution genes, particularly cofilin, while siRNA-mediated knockdown of p49/STRAP resulted in a reduction of thymosin-β4. Furthermore, with the redistribution of f-actin, we observed an increase in the intermediate filament vimentin, compatible with the notion that vimentin may be increased due to its greater role in cytoskeletal dynamics during advancing population doubling levels (PDLs) and in response to a low-glucose exposure. Taken together, these data suggest that p49/STRAP may play a role in glucose-deprivation associated cytoskeletal changes.
Vulnerability of coastal Connecticut to sea level rise: land inundation and impacts to residential property

ABSTRACTVulnerability indices at the global or national scales require considerable data aggregation where local economic and social impacts remain unnoticed. The goal of this study was to analyze the extent of inundated land from sea level rise and its economic impacts to residential property in coastal communities. Geographic data were integrated with economic and social data at parcel level resolution through GIS. Cumulative land inundation in seven coastal municipalities was calculated as 15 and 25 km2, while direct economic costs to residential property was estimated to be $1.3 billion and $2.2 billion for 1 and 2 m sea level rise, respectively. Normalised results were $14 million/km coastline and $4 million/km combined coastline and rivers for 1 m sea level rise. Results indicate that while impacts will mainly occur along the coastline, inland parcels as far as 3 km from the coastline situated along rivers are equally at risk of flooding. While results of the study can be used to estimate economic i...
80 Understanding drinking among emerging adults using the dualistic model of passion: associations with alcohol

Statement of purpose Alcohol misuse (i.e., risky drinking) during emerging adulthood is associated with injury, overdose, and academic and relationship problems. Better understanding of the factors influencing risky drinking could enhance alcohol interventions to reduce injury and other adverse outcomes. In this study, we evaluated whether the variables proposed by the dualistic model of passion (i.e., Obsessive Passion - alcohol use is so compelling that it conflicts with other activities or one’s values; and Harmonious Passion - alcohol use is an important but not overwhelming part of one’s life), were associated with alcohol consumption, motives, blackouts, and overdose. Methods Cross-sectional baseline data were analysed, which were collected as part of a larger randomised controlled trial of risky drinkers (i.e., AUDIT-C score >3 females,>4 males) recruited via Facebook advertisements. A canonical correlation analysis was conducted evaluating the dimensional relations between and within sets of independent and dependent variables, while controlling for the intercorrelations among all alcohol variables and sex. Results The sample (n=109) was mostly female (62%), Caucasian (73%), and young (Mage=22.7, SD=1.1). The first canonical variate indicated that Obsessive Passion was positively associated with frequency of alcohol consumption, binge-drinking, blackouts, and overdose, drinking to cope with negative affect, importance of reducing alcohol use, and was negatively associated with self-efficacy to reduce use. The second canonical variate revealed that Harmonious Passion was unrelated to any negative outcomes, was positively associated with frequency of alcohol use and negatively associated with drinking for conformity reasons. Conclusion Obsessive, but not Harmonious, passion is associated with several negative alcohol-related outcomes among emerging adults engaged in risky drinking. Future research should examine whether targeting obsessive passion in early interventions reduces consumption, overdose, and blackouts. Significance/contribution Findings could potentially enhance the efficacy of alcohol interventions among emerging adults engaged in risky drinking.
Escaping from Lawyers' Prison of Fear

Lawyers regularly experience numerous fears endemic to their work. This is not surprising considering that lawyers generally operate in environments that frequently stimulate many fears. Lawyers’ fears can lead them to enhance their performance due to increased preparation and effective “thinking on their feet.” Fear is problematic when it is out of proportion to actual threats, is expressed inappropriately, or is chronically unaddressed effectively. It can lead to sub-optimal and counterproductive performance through paralysis, ritualized behavior, or inappropriate aggression. Some lawyers’ fears unnecessarily prevent them from performing well, producing good results for clients, earning more income, and experiencing greater satisfaction in their work. Lawyers who manage their fears effectively are likely to do better than those who do not manage their fears as well. This article suggests ways that lawyers can take advantage of the benefits of their fears and reduce problems caused by them. It concludes with suggestions for lawyers, legal educators, and bar association officials to promote constructive methods of dealing with fears.
Dave Elder-Vass: Profit and Gift in the Digital Economy

Dave Elder-Vass’s analytical framework and actual analysis of the digital economy is implicitly institutionalist in character. In the book, he introduces a conceptual framework conducive to institu...
Prediction of Asphalt Pavement Responses from FWD Surface Deflections Using Soft Computing Methods

AbstractThis study predicts asphalt pavement responses from surface deflections under falling weight deflectometer (FWD) loading using soft computing methods. Finite-element (FE) models are develop...
The effect of surface-bulk potential difference on the kinetics of intercalation in core-shell active cathode particles

Abstract Surface modification of active cathode particles is commonly observed in battery research as either a surface phase evolving during the cycling process, or intentionally engineered to improve capacity retention, rate capability, and/or thermal stability of the cathode material. Here, a continuum-scale model is developed to simulate the galvanostatic charge/discharge of a cathode particle with core-shell heterostructure. The particle is assumed to be comprised of a core material encapsulated by a thin layer of a second phase that has a different open-circuit voltage. The effect of the potential difference between the surface and bulk phases ( Ω ) on the kinetics of lithium intercalation and the galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles is studied at different values of Ω , C-rates, and exchange current densities. The difference between the Li chemical potential in the surface and bulk phases of the cathode particle results in a concentration difference between these two phases. This leads to a charge/discharge asymmetry in the galvanostatic voltage profiles, causing a decrease in the accessible capacity of the particle. These effects are more significant at higher magnitudes of surface-bulk potential difference. The proposed model provides detailed insight into the kinetics and voltage behavior of the intercalation/de-intercalation processes in core-shell heterostructure cathode particles.
A Crisis Within a Crisis: The Extended Closure of an Opioid Treatment Program After Hurricane Sandy

Disruptions in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) are common after major disasters. Highly regulated OTPs confront challenges when responding to extended closures following disaster. Following Hurric...