cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Added Sugar Intake and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality Among US Adults

RESULTS Among US adults, the adjusted mean percentage of daily calories from added sugar increased from 15.7% (95% CI, 15.0%-16.4%) in 1988-1994 to 16.8% (16.0%-17.7%; P =. 02) in 1999-2004 and decreased to 14.9% (14.2%-15.5%; P < .001) in 2005-2010. Most adults consumed 10% or more of calories from added sugar (71.4%) and approximately 10% consumed 25% or more in 2005-2010. During a median follow-up period of 14.6 years, we documented 831 CVD deaths during 163 039 person-years. Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity– adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD mortality across quintiles of the percentage of daily calories consumed from added sugar were 1.00 (reference), 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.13), 1.23 (1.12-1.34), 1.49 (1.24-1.78), and 2.43 (1.63-3.62; P < .001), respectively. After additional adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, HRs were 1.00 (reference), 1.07 (1.02-1.12), 1.18 (1.06-1.31), 1.38 (1.11-1.70), and 2.03 (1.26-3.27; P = .004), respectively. Adjusted HRs were 1.30 (95% CI, 1.09-1.55) and 2.75 (1.40-5.42; P = .004), respectively, comparing participants who consumed 10.0% to 24.9% or 25.0% or more calories from added sugar with those who consumed less than 10.0% of calories from added sugar. These findings were largely consistent across age group, sex, race/ethnicity (except among non-Hispanic blacks), educational attainment, physical activity, health eating index, and body mass index.
FDR made easy in differential feature discovery and correlation analyses

Summary: Rapid progress in technology, particularly in high-throughput biology, allows the analysis of thousands of genes or proteins simultaneously, where the multiple comparison problems occurs. Global false discovery rate (gFDR) analysis statistically controls this error, computing the ratio of the number of false positives over the total number of rejections. Local FDR (lFDR) method can associate the corrected significance measure with each hypothesis testing for its feature-by-feature interpretation. Given the large feature number and sample size in any genomics or proteomics analysis, FDR computation, albeit critical, is both beyond the regular biologists' specialty and computationally expensive, easily exceeding the capacity of desktop computers. To overcome this digital divide, a web portal has been developed that provides bench-side biologists easy access to the server-side computing capabilities to analyze for FDR, differential expressed genes or proteins, and for the correlation between molecular data and clinical measurements. Availability: http://translationalmedicine.stanford.edu/Mass-Conductor/FDR.html Contacts:xuefeng_ling@yahoo.com; jschill@stanford.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Neurotransmitter receptor agonists regulate growth hormone gene expression in cultured ovine pituitary cells.

AbstractThe regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion and GH mRNA content by the dopaminergic agonist, bromocriptine (BRO); the β-adrenergic agonist; isoproterenol (ISO); the α1-adrenergic agonist, methoxamine (MET); the α2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine (CLON); the serotonergic agonist, quipazine (QUIP); somatostatin (SS) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) were studied using cultured ovine anterior pituitary cells. Clonidine and BRO (10-6M) inhibited basal and GHRH (10-10M)-stimulated GH release. Bromocriptine enhanced GH mRNA content and potentiated the GHRH (10-8M)-stimulated content of GH mRNA, while CLON had no effect on GH mRNA. Quipazine had little effect on GH secretion and no effect on GH mRNA content. Methoxamine and ISO (10-6M) increased basal secretion of GH and both enhanced GHRH-stimulated GH secretion. Both MET and ISO increased GH mRNA content of cultured ovine pituitary cells. Somatostatin (10-7M) inhibited GHRH-stimulated GH secretion and GH mRNA accumulation. These results support the hyp...
Bystander effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies

Prior modeling work has found that pure winner and loser effects (i.e., changing the estimation of your own fighting ability as a function of direct prior experience) can have important consequences for hierarchy formation. Here these models are extended to incorporate ‘‘bystander effects.’’ When bystander effects are in operation, observers (i.e., bystanders) of aggressive interactions change their assessment of the protagonists’ fighting abilities (depending on who wins and who loses). Computer simulations demonstrate that when bystander winner effects alone are at play, groups have a clear omega (bottom-ranking individual), while the relative position of other group members remains difficult to determine. When only bystander loser effects are in operation, wins and losses are randomly distributed throughout a group (i.e., no discernible hierarchy). When pure and bystander winner effects are jointly in place, a linear hierarchy, in which all positions (i.e., to when N 4) are clearly defined, emerges. Joint pure and bystander loser effects produce the same result. In principle one could test the predictions from the models developed here in a straightforward comparative study. Hopefully, the results of this model will spur on such studies in the future.
Anesthetic Overdose Leading to Cardiac Arrest Diagnosed by End-Tidal Inhalant Concentration Analysis in a Dog

A 5-year-old male-castrated Cocker Spaniel presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Georgia for a total ear canal ablation. Premedication was with carprofen 2.2 mg/kg SQ, hydromorphone 0.1 mg/kg IM, diazepam 0.2 mg/kg IM, and glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg IM. The patient was induced with lidocaine 2 mg/kg IV and etomidate 1 mg/kg IV and maintained with sevoflurane and a constant rate infusion consisting of lidocaine 0.05 mg/kg/min. Before surgery start, the patient’s systolic arterial blood pressure was 110 mmHg, heart rate (HR) was 85 beats/min, respiratory rate was 8 breaths/min, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was 3.2%, and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) was 23 mmHg. As a scrub was being performed, the patient’s HR abruptly dropped to 20 beats/min over the course of 2 minutes. His ETCO2 simultaneously decreased to 16 mmHg. At this time, cardiopulmonary arrest was diagnosed. After two minutes of resuscitation, a spontaneous heart beat was obtained and the patient was successfully recovered and discharged without further incident. The cardiac arrest in this case is most likely attributable to an overdose of inhalant anesthesia, which was diagnosed by an anesthetic inhalant concentration monitor. A gas analyzer may be a helpful contribution to the small animal practitioner, particularly those performing more lengthy or complex procedures.
Activity of glucose oxidase functionalized onto magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles have been significantly used for coupling with biomolecules, due to their unique properties. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chloride using two different base solutions. Glucose oxidase was bound to the particles by direct attachment via carbodiimide activation or by thiophene acetylation of magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the size and structure of the particles while the binding of glucose oxidase to the particles was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The direct binding of glucose oxidase via carbodiimide activity was found to be more effective, resulting in bound enzyme efficiencies between 94–100% while thiophene acetylation was 66–72% efficient. Kinetic and stability studies showed that the enzyme activity was more preserved upon binding onto the nanoparticles when subjected to thermal and various pH conditions. The overall activity of glucose oxidase was improved when bound to magnetic nanoparticles Binding of enzyme onto magnetic nanoparticles via carbodiimide activation is a very efficient method for developing bioconjugates for biological applications
A high power (>5 W) temperature stable RF MEMS metal-contact switch with orthogonal anchors and force-enhancing stoppers

This paper presents a temperature stable metal-contact RF MEMS switch capable of handling >5 W of RF power. The device achieves 0.7 – 1.5 mN of contact force for actuation voltages of 80 – 90 V, with a restoring force of 0.63 mN. Furthermore, the device is insensitive to stress effects and temperature. Temperature measurements showed excellent thermal stability - no deflection in the beam, and a change in pull-in voltage of only 4 V from 25 – 125 °C. The switch was tested under prolonged (>24 hrs) high-power RF conditions with excellent reliability.
Synthesis of VLSI architectures for two-dimensional discrete wavelet transforms

We propose VLSI architectures with parallel I/O capability to compute the Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform. Our design can handle large images arriving at high frame rates. A video codec based on our architecture can support multiple channels in parallel and can provide the needed performance for network based video applications. Our architecture with parallel I/O offers a solution for the low power needs of mobile/visual communication systems. Our architecture employs block-based I/O and a dual memory buffer to store intermediate results to schedule the filter operations. This leads to a high throughput rate of n pixels per clock cycle and a small memory size of j(l-1)/(N+n)+2n/sup 2/, for an N/spl times/N input image, where n/spl times/n is the block size, l is the alter length, and j is the number of octaves. The resulting architecture has a latency of 2l+n for each octave and a total execution time of N/sup 2//n+2l+n+3jn.
Seismic velocities of unconsolidated sands: Part 2 — Influence of sorting- and compaction-induced porosity variation

Unaccounted-for porosity variation in unconsolidated sediments can cloud the interpretation of the sediment’s seismic velocities for factors such as fluid content and pressure. However, an understanding of the effects of porosity variation on the velocities can permit the remote characterization of porosity with seismic methods. We present the results of a series of measurements designed to isolate the effects of sorting- and compaction-induced porosity variation on the seismic velocities and their pressure dependences in clean, unconsolidated sands. We prepared a set of texturally similar sand and glass-bead samples with controlled grain-size distributions to cover an initial porosity range from 0.26 to 0.44. We measured the compressional- and shear-wave velocities and porosity of dry samples over a series of hydrostatic pressure cycles from 0.1 to 20 MPa . Over this rangeof porosities, the velocities of the dry samples at a given pressure vary by <15% . However, the water-saturated compressional-wave ve...
PNC‐28, a p53‐derived peptide that is cytotoxic to cancer cells, blocks pancreatic cancer cell growth in vivo

PNC-28 is a p53 peptide from its mdm-2-binding domain (residues 17-26), which contains the penetratin sequence enabling cell penetration on its carboxyl terminal end. We have found that this peptide induces necrosis, but not apoptosis, of a variety of human tumor cell lines, including several with homozygous deletion of p53, and a ras-transformed rat acinar pancreatic carcinoma cell line, BMRPA1. Tuc3. On the other hand, PNC-28 has no effect on untransformed cells, such as rat pancreatic acinar cells, BMRPA1, and human breast epithelial cells and no effect on the differentiation of human stem cells. In this study, we now test PNC-28 in vivo for its ability to block the growth of BMRPA1. Tuc3 cells. When administered over a 2-week period in the peritoneal cavities of nude mice containing simultaneously transplanted tumors, PNC-28 causes complete destruction of these tumors. When delivered concurrently with tumor explantation at a remote site, PNC-28 causes a complete blockade of any tumor growth during its 2-week period of administration and 2 weeks posttreatment, followed by weak tumor growth that plateaus at low tumor sizes compared with tumor growth in the presence of a control peptide. When administered after tumor growth has occurred at a site remote from the tumor, PNC-28 causes a decrease in tumor size followed by a slow increase in tumor growth that is significantly slower than growth in the presence of control peptide. These results suggest that PNC-28 may be effective in treating cancers especially if delivered directly to the tumor.
Tracking features in embedded surfaces: Understanding extinction in turbulent combustion

Understanding the temporal evolution of features of interest requires the ability to: (i) extract features from each snapshot; (ii) correlate them over time; and (iii) understand the resulting tracking graph. This paper provides new solutions for the last two challenges in the context of large-scale turbulent combustion simulations. In particular, we present a simple and general algorithm to correlate hierarchical features, embedded in time-dependent surfaces. This, for the first time, provides a parameter independent approach to track embedded features. Furthermore, we provide a new technique to adaptively change feature parameters over time to both: alleviate artifacts due to insufficient temporal resolution as well as to simplify the resulting tracking graphs to promote new scientific insights. Our solutions are integrated into a general and flexible analysis environment that allows users to interactively explore the spatio-temporal behavior of large-scale simulations. We demonstrate the results using the analysis of extinction holes in turbulent combustion as primary case study and a number of other applications to illustrate the generality of the approach.
Sapien 3: A Triple Threat to Aortic Stenosis.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an established treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) deemed to be at high risk for surgery [(1,2)][1]. The first-generation balloon-expandable SAPIEN (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) transcatheter heart valve (THV) was the
Transformation and Individuation in Giordano Bruno’s Monadology

The essay explores the systematic relationship in the work of Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) between his monadology, his metaphysics as presented in works such as De la causa, principio et uno, the mythopoeic cosmology of Lo spaccio de la bestia trionfante, and practical works like De vinculis in genere. Bruno subverts the conceptual regime of the Aristotelian substantial forms and its accompanying cosmology with a metaphysics of individuality that privileges individual unity (singularity) over formal unity and particulars over substantial forms without sacrificing a metaphysical perspective on the cosmos. The particular is individuated as a unique site of desire, continually transforming but able to entrain itself and others through phantasmatic ‘bonding’, the new source of regularity in Bruno’s polycentric universe. Bruno thus tries to do justice to the demands of intelligibility as well as transformative eros. The essay concludes with a note on Bruno’s geometry as it relates to his general conception of form.
IL-4 induces ICAM-1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells and potentiates TNF-α

Interleukin (IL)-4 is thought to contribute to the Th2 type of immune response and hence the development of allergic reactions such as asthma. In asthmatic patients, the airway epithelium expresses...
Intégration pédagogique des TIC à Yaoundé

Cette etude de cas porte sur un projet d'integration des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) dans une ecole primaire au Cameroun. Des cooperants quebecois accompagnent deux groupes d'enseignants, l'un francophone et l'autre anglophone, dans une demarche d'appropriation de l'informatique. Les cooperants forment les enseignants dans une approche pedagogique inspiree de l'education populaire de Freire. Cette formation a pour but de preparer les enseignants a enseigner les TIC a leurs eleves et de creer une communaute de pratique au sein du corps enseignant. Pendant deux mois, enseignants et cooperants travaillent en collaboration et font face a diverses difficultes qui nuisent a l'appropriation technologique des eleves et des enseignants. Observations, discussions de groupe et entrevues individuelles documentent une experience d'integration des TIC en education dans un contexte particulier et font ressortir certaines thematiques qui sont propres au Cameroun et a l'Afrique, et d'autres qui font echos au contexte educatif canadien.
Conducting a Cardiac Ultrasound Examination

Echocardiography is a noninvasive procedure which illustrates the anatomy of the heart, including valves and valve motion, chamber size, wall motion, and thickness. Doppler echocardiography assesses the severity of valvular regurgitation, gradients across stenotic valves or between cardiac chambers, and the detection of intracardiac shunts.
Frontal Sinus Morphometry in Relation to Surgically Relevant Landmarks in the United States Population.

Background Knowledge of frontal sinus morphometry is important in bifrontal, pterional, orbitozygomatic, and supraorbital craniotomies. Inadvertent frontal sinus violation can lead to infection, cerebrospinal fluid fistula, and mucocele formation. In particular, knowledge of anatomy in relation to surgically relevant landmarks can help surgeons perform these procedures more precisely and safely. We performed a descriptive radiographic analysis to better understand variations in frontal sinus anatomy. Methods Using 3-dimensional reconstructive software, we analyzed 162 normal cranial computerized tomographic angiograms (from 80 men and 82 women). A line between the supraorbital notches (SONs) was used as a horizontal reference line (HRL). We recorded the maximum sinus height and width from the HRL and midline, respectively. In addition, sinus width was measured in relation to the SON at 0, 1, and 2 cm above the HRL. Results The mean maximal sinus height from the HRL was 1.8 cm. The mean maximum sinus width was 2.6 cm (right and left) from midline and 0.46 cm (right) and 0.49 cm (left) from the SON. Less than 11% of sinuses were lateral to the SON at 2.0 cm above the HRL and 1.5 cm lateral to the SON at 1.0 cm above the HRL. Conclusions Planned surgical corridors >1.5 cm lateral to the SON and/or >3.0 cm above the HRL are most likely to avoid the frontal sinus based on our radiographic measurements of normal sinus anatomy. Careful radiographic study and appropriate planning for more medial and/or inferior corridors is suggested.
The Avian Egg: Incubation Time and Water Loss

The large difference in incubation time among bird eggs, ranging from a minimum of 11 days to nearly 90, has aroused man's interest since antiquity. In her critical review of the history of our knowledge of incubation periods, Margaret M. Nice (1954) wrote, "The people who have been concerned with incubation periods fall into three groups: the guessers, the copyists, the investigators." Guessers came first and these have been busily quoted since Aristotle for more than 20 centuries. It was not until Evans (1891) and Heinroth (1922) made their own observations that reliable data began to accumulate. In spite of the inaccuracies since Aristotle's time, and the many exceptions which are now well recognized, there is an obvious general correlation between egg weight and incubation period. These have been presented by Heinroth (1922), Needham (1931), and Worth (1940) in graphic form and were reinvestigated in this presentation on the basis of newer information in the literature. It is of interest to note in retrospect that all these correlations are essentially similar, that the standard error of estimates is large, and that there are many exceptions. This merely illustrates that the many factors which determine the incubation period are not understood. For these reasons we analyzed other correlates of egg size such as the gas conductance of the egg shell and particularly the water loss properties of eggs, problems which Heinroth had already mentioned some 50 years ago in his classical treatise on incubation time. On the basis of water vapor conductivity measurements of the egg shell previously presented (Ar et al. 1974), the daily weight losses of eggs during natural incubation reported by Drent (1970), and the reported incubation periods, one is now able to derive new relationships which apply to eggs in general. These indicate that incubation time for a given egg weight is inversely porportional to the water vapor conductance of the egg shell. Furthermore, during natural incubation all eggs, regardless of size, lose approximately 18% of their initial weight and the mean water vapor pressure difference between the egg and the microclimate of the nest is 35 torr.
Prevalence,cognitive behavior of hypertension in adult residents of Jiashan county,Zhejiang province

Objective To estimate the current status of prevalence,cognitive behavior of hypertension in adult residents of Jiashan county.Methods A total of 7200 ordinarily residents in the investigation over the age of 18 were included randomly in the survey from various streets in the county and township.Blood pressure was measured and information on hypertension was obtained by use of a questionnaire.Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 23.56%,and gradually increased with increasing age;Among hypertensive patients,awareness rate,treatment rate and control rate were 66.40%,41.17% and 18.93%;Hypertensive patients were lack of risk factors and complications of hyper tension.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is high,and awareness rate,treatment rate of hypertension are higher than the national average,but the control and awareness rates of the disease of hypertension is low.These re sults underscore the urgent need to take a multi-channel,effective interventions
Pain Management for Gynecologic Procedures in the Office.

ImportanceSatisfactory pain control for women undergoing office gynecologic procedures is critical for both patient comfort and procedure success. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be aware of the safety and efficacy of different pain control regimens.ObjectiveThis article aimed to review
Solar sail technology—A state of the art review

Abstract In this paper, the current state of the art of solar sail technology is reviewed. Solar sail research is quite broad and multi-disciplinary; this paper focuses mainly on areas such as solar sail dynamics, attitude control, design and deployment, and mission and trajectory analysis. Special attention is given to solar radiation pressure force modeling and attitude dynamics. Some basics of solar sailing which would be very useful for a new investigator in the area are also presented. Technological difficulties and current challenges in solar sail system design are identified, and possible ideas for future research in the field are also discussed.
Private Lament in Calvin, Knox, and Anne Lock

Historians often trace an emerging respect for privacy in early modern Europe to the Reformation’s promotion of solitary Bible-reading and prayer and the Counter-Reformation’s emphasis on private confession and meditation. The new figure of devotion, according to this argument, was a solitary devotee bent in prayer or immersed in reading, a contemplative form of privacy that helped to enshrine solitude as a state more authentic and valuable than shared experience.1 This chapter seeks to expand our understanding of the Reformation and “private” devotion by interrogating the link between solitude and privacy in the work of John Calvin, John Knox, and Anne Lock. Lock’s meditations on the theology of private laments and the variously gendered masks that her sonnets’ speaker adopts make her poetry an important test case for our understanding of privacy and literature.
The search for imaging biomarkers in psychiatric disorders

The field of medicine is moving toward the use of biomarkers for the optimization of individualized care. This is a particular challenge for the field of psychiatry, in which diagnosis is based on a descriptive collection of behaviors without the availability of any objective test to stratify patients. Neuroimaging techniques such as molecular imaging with positron-emission tomography (PET) or structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide an opportunity to bring psychiatry from an era of subjective descriptive classification into objective and tangible brain-based measures. Here we provide steps toward the development of robust, reliable and valid biomarkers. The success of such development is crucial because it will enable the field of psychiatry to move forward into the era of modern medicine.
Network inference using directed information: The deterministic limit

Consider a network comprised of many variables, which interact with each other following a causal stochastic dynamical system model. Given time-series measurements of these variables, an important task is the inference of the structure of the causal dynamical system. Recently, directed information has been proposed as a generalization of Granger causality to accurately infer the structure of the network. We observe a curious phenomenon: in the limit that the relationships become purely deterministic, this measure loses power completely. In this paper, we study this phenomenon, explore its connection to Taken's delay embedding theorem, propose a remedy called restricted directed information (RDI); and finally, demonstrate its efficacy in simulations. In particular we show that, RDI recovers the graph correctly in all instances, deterministic or stochastic, where there is enough information to recover the graph uniquely.
IntegratedMRF: random forest-based framework for integrating prediction from different data types.

Summary: IntegratedMRF is an open-source R implementation for integrating drug response predictions from various genomic characterizations using univariate or multivariate random forests that includes various options for error estimation techniques. The integrated framework was developed following superior performance of random forest based methods in NCI-DREAM drug sensitivity prediction challenge. The computational framework can be applied to estimate mean and confidence interval of drug response prediction errors based on ensemble approaches with various combinations of genetic and epigenetic characterizations as inputs. The multivariate random forest implementation included in the package incorporates the correlations between output responses in the modeling and has been shown to perform better than existing approaches when the drug responses are correlated. Detailed analysis of the provided features is included in the Supplementary Material. Availability and Implementation: The framework has been implemented as a R package IntegratedMRF, which can be downloaded from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/IntegratedMRF/index.html, where further explanation of the package is available. Contact: ranadip.pal@ttu.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genital Tract Immunity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1)

Over thirty million individuals are estimated to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), and approximately 75–85% have aquired the infection through sexual contact [1, 2]. In this paper we will review the current knowledge on HIV in the male and female genital tract, the factors which influence susceptibility and infectiousness, the development of local, mucosal immune responses to the virus, and the methods of preventing sexual transmission of virus.p
Are Older Adults Willing to Consider New Strategies to Reduce Stroke Risk

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that increases patients’ risk of stroke, and determining an optimal prevention therapy is a preference-sensitive decision appropriate for shared deci...
Divergent hypersensitivity responses following topical application of the quaternary ammonium compound, didecyldimethylammonium bromide.

Didecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) is a fourth generation dialkyl-quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) that is used in numerous products for its antimicrobial properties. While many QACs have bee...
Types of Motivation Affect Study Selection, Attention, and Dropouts in Online Experiments

Understanding whether and how motivation affects participation in online experiments is critical because who contributes and how they contribute can affect the validity of findings. Analyzing data from 7,674 participants across three different studies on the volunteer-based online experiment platform LabintheWild, we identified five motivation types for participating: boredom, comparison, fun, science, and self-learning. We found that these motivation types affect study selection, attention, and dropouts. Participants who were highly motivated by boredom paid less attention and were more likely to dropout than those who were motivated by the possibility of contributing to science. We additionally show that motivation can impact study results and suggest how researchers can take participants' motivation into account when designing and analyzing data from volunteer-based online experiments.
Generative adversarial networks for increasing the veracity of big data

This work describes how automated data generation integrates in a big data pipeline. A lack of veracity in big data can cause models that are inaccurate, or biased by trends in the training data. This can lead to issues as a pipeline matures that are difficult to overcome. This work describes the use of a Generative Adversarial Network to generate sketch data, such as those that might be used in a human verification task. These generated sketches are verified as recognizable using a crowd-sourcing methodology, and finds that the generated sketches were correctly recognized 43.8% of the time, in contrast to human drawn sketches which were 87.7% accurate. This method is scalable and can be used to generate realistic data in many domains and bootstrap a dataset used for training a model prior to deployment.
Effect of phagocytosis on the reduced soluble sulfhydryl content of human granulocytes

The role of reduced glutathione in relation to hexose monophosphate shunt activity and peroxide detoxification has been well established in human erythrocytes. Less is known about the content of reduced glutathione in phagocytic leukocytes and the changes that occur during functional activity. We have measured the reduced sulfhydryl content of normal resting human granulocytes and of cells isolated from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Normal cells and those from the patient with chronic granulomatous disease contained similar concentrations of reduced sulfhydryls. Stimulation of a phagocytic response by incubation with opsonized zymosan particles resulted in prompt and nearly complete depletion of intracellular glutathione from normal granulocytes. This fall in reduced glutathione concentration was dependent on the phagocytic load. Exposure of chronic granulomatous disease granulocytes to a similar phagocytic load resulted in a slower and less complete fall in reduced glutathione. In normal cells, those from the chronic granulomatous disease patient, and those from an obligate carrier of the disease, the decrement in reduced glutathione during phagocytosis was correlated with oxidation of 14C-1-glucose and 14C-formate, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and the chemiluminescence phenomenon.
Training: Preparing the Robotics Team for Their First Case

Robotic prostatectomy is hard to learn but easy to do. Good judgment comes from experience and experience comes from bad judgment. Many surgeons have heard this aphorism and understand its truth. It is self-evident that adequate training can and should take the place of the bad judgment that comes from inexperience. What constitutes an adequate training experience will depend on many factors and is likely to vary from institution to institution. In this chapter, we will discuss our philosophy of and experience with training in robotic surgery at the Vattikuti Urology Institute (VUI). This has developed and evolved over the almost 2400 robotic-assisted procedures, including radical prostatectomy, radical cystectomy, radical and partial nephrectomy, performed by our surgical teams.
General psychiatric management: An evidence-based treatment for borderline personality disorder in the college setting

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a prevalent psychiatric illness that often first presents at college. If left untreated, BPD can lead to severe disability or fatality. While multiple evide...
Identification of a novel role of IL-13Rα2 in human Glioblastoma multiforme: interleukin-13 mediates signal transduction through AP-1 pathway

Previously, we have demonstrated that Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2) is overexpressed in approximate 78% Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples. We have also demonstrated that IL-13Rα2 can serve as a target for cancer immunotherapy in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, the significance of overexpression of IL-13Rα2 in GBM and astrocytoma and signaling through these receptors is not known. IL-13 can signal through IL-13R via JAK/STAT and AP-1 pathways in certain cell lines including some tumor cell lines. Herein, we have investigated a role of IL-13/IL-13Rα2 axis in signaling through AP-1 transcription factors in human glioma samples in situ. We examined the activation of AP-1 family of transcription factors (c-Jun, Fra-1, Jun-D, c-Fos, and Jun-B) after treating U251, A172 (IL-13Rα2 +ve) and T98G (IL-13Rα2 −ve) glioma cell lines with IL-13 by RT-qPCR, and immunocytochemistry (ICC). We also performed colorimetric ELISA based assay to determine AP-1 transcription factor activation in glioma cell lines. Furthermore, we examined the expression of AP-1 transcription factors in situ in GBM and astrocytoma specimens by multiplex-immunohistochemistry (IHC). Student t test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis of the results. We have demonstrated up-regulation of two AP-1 transcription factors (c-Jun and Fra-1) at mRNA and protein levels upon treatment with IL-13 in IL-13Rα2 positive but not in IL-13Rα2 negative glioma cell lines. Both transcription factors were also overexpressed in patient derived GBM specimens, however, in contrast to GBM cell lines, c-Fos is also overexpressed in patient derived specimens. Astrocytoma specimens showed lesser extent of immunostaining for IL-13Rα2 and three AP-1 factors compared to GBM specimens. By transcription factor activation assay, we demonstrated that AP-1 transcription factors (C-Jun and Fra-1) were activated upon treatment of IL-13Rα2 + GBM cell lines but not IL-13Rα2 − GBM cell line with IL-13. Our results demonstrate functional activity of AP-1 transcription factor in GBM cell lines in response to IL-13. These results indicate that IL-13/IL-13Rα2 axis can mediate signal transduction in situ via AP-1 pathway in GBM and astrocytoma and may serve as a new target for GBM immunotherapy.
The Origins of Isaiah 24–27: Josiah's Festival Scroll for the Fall of Assyria

Isaiah 24-27 has been an enduring mystery and a hotly contested text for biblical scholars. Early scholarship linked its references to the dead rising to the New Testament. These theories have remained influential even as common opinion moderated over the course of the twentieth century. In this volume, Christopher B. Hays situates Isaiah 24-27 within its historical and cultural contexts. He methodically demonstrates that it is not apocalyptic; that its imagery of divine feasting and conquering death have ancient cognates; and that its Hebrew language does not reflect a late composition date. He also shows how the passage celebrates the receding of Assyrian power from Judah, and especially from the citadel at Ramat Rahel near Jerusalem, in the late seventh century. This was the time of King Josiah and his scribes, who saw a political opportunity and issued a peace overture to the former northern kingdom. Using comparative, archaeological, linguistic, and literary tools, Hays' volume changes the study of Isaiah, arguing for a different historical setting than that of traditional scholarship.
Meaning potentials and discourse markers: the case of focus management markers in Persian

Lexical elements bear meaning potentials, not meanings. These 'potentials' can actualize through situational language use and within context. Evidence from three discourse markers in Iranian Persian indicates that shared meaning potentials in lexical elements lead to similar discourse and pragmatic functions in emergent discourse markers. Moreover, linguistic co-text, as a component of context, plays an essential role in evoking meaning potentials in Persian discourse markers. This study takes a corpus-based discourse analysis approach to provide an overview of a class of discourse markers that primarily take part in the information structure of Persian and function as focus management markers. It is shown that the original lexical forms of the discourse markers dige, hâlâ, and tâze share a temporal semantic feature which has seemingly resulted in shared discourse functions. As a discourse marker, dige predominantly appears in multi-nuclear discourse where paratactic relations exist. Dige functions cataphorically to point forward to an upcoming discourse unit; whereas, tâze operates within hypotactic units, marks subordinate discourse segments, and functions anaphorically to point back to a prior discourse segment. The host units of the discourse marker hâlâ, on the other hand, are nuclear segments with final locus in the discourse. Hâlâ typically anchors focus in the discourse.
Preinjury Statins Are Associated With Improved Survival in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract Background Statins have been shown to improve outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in animal models. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of preinjury statins on outcomes in TBI patients. Methods We performed a 4-y (2014-2017) review of our TBI database and included all patients aged ≥18 y with severe isolated TBI. Patients were stratified into those who were on statins and those who were not and were matched (1:2 ratio) using propensity score matching. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were skilled nursing facility disposition, Glasgow Outcome Scale–extended score, and hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS). Results We identified 1359 patients, of which 270 were matched (statin: 90, no-statin: 180). Mean age was 55 ± 8y, median Glasgow Coma Scale was 10 (8-12), and median head–abbreviated injury scale was 3 (3-5). Matched groups were similar in age, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, neurosurgical intervention, type and size of intracranial hemorrhage, and preinjury anticoagulant or antiplatelet use. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 18%. Patients who received statins had lower rates of in-hospital mortality (11% versus 21%, P = 0.01), skilled nursing facility disposition (19% versus 28%; P = 0.04), and a higher median Glasgow Outcome Scale–extended (11 [9-13] versus 9 [8-10]; P = 0.04). No differences were found between the two groups in terms of hospital LOS (6 [4-9] versus 5 [3-8]; P = 0.34) and intensive care unit LOS (3 [3-6] versus 4 [3-5]; P = 0.09). Conclusions Preinjury statin use in isolated traumatic brain injury patients is associated with improved outcomes. This finding warrants further investigations to evaluate the potential beneficial role of statins as a therapeutic drug in a TBI. Level of evidence Level III Therapeutic.
Foreign language anxiety and foreign language performance: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis investigated the relationship between foreign language (FL) anxiety and FL performance. Fifty-five independent samples with more than 10,000 participants were surveyed. It was found that the overall correlation between FL anxiety and FL performance was ?.34 (p < .01). FL listening anxiety had the strongest correlation with FL listening performance. Both FL reading anxiety and test anxiety had a weaker correlation with FL performance as compared to other types of anxiety. The anxiety?performance correlation remained stable across groups with different FL proficiency levels, suggesting that the role of FL anxiety should not be ignored regardless of the FL learners? proficiency level. As compared to language family, lexical similarity was found to have a more decisive modulating effect on the anxiety?performance correlation. However, language family and lexical similarity may interact to affect the anxiety?performance correlation. Finally, a metaregression analysis showed that age could affect the correlation between FL anxiety and performance.
The mechanisms and moderators of “fade-out”: Towards understanding why the skills of early childhood program participants converge over time with the skills of other children.

Early childhood education (ECE) programs have been shown to produce immediate positive impacts on children's cognitive abilities, academic knowledge, and social-emotional skills. However, some research suggests that impacts may be modest and short-lived. That is, even though ECE enables participating children to begin kindergarten with greater skills on average compared with their peers, the skills of ECE attendees and nonattendees appear to converge as children progress through school. Thus, any initial differences between these groups observed at school entry are reduced or eliminated over time, a phenomenon that has been described as "fade-out," "catch-up," or both. This systematic review assesses our current understanding of the conditions under which ECE impacts persist or fade over time, which is critical because of the potential intervention and policy implications. Recent work has begun to make progress in this direction, but future efforts that address the present gaps and limitations of the field are needed in order to maximize the long-term impacts of the next generation of ECE programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The Broadcast Message Complexity of Secure Multiparty Computation

We study the broadcast message complexity of secure multiparty computation (MPC), namely, the total number of messages that are required for securely computing any functionality in the broadcast model of communication.
A DNA polymerization-independent role for mitochondrial DNA polymerase I-like protein C in African trypanosomes.

The mitochondrial DNA of Trypanosoma brucei and related parasites is a catenated network containing thousands of minicircles and tens of maxicircles called kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). Replication of the single nucleoid requires at least three DNA polymerases (POLIB, POLIC, and POLID) each having discrete localization near the kDNA during S phase. POLIB and POLID have roles in minicircle replication while the specific role of POLIC in kDNA maintenance is less clear. Here, we use an RNAi-complementation system to dissect the functions of the distinct POLIC domains: the conserved family A DNA polymerase domain (POLA) and the uncharacterized N-terminal region (UCR). While RNAi complementation with wild-type POLIC restored kDNA content and cell cycle localization, active site point mutations in the POLA domain impaired minicircle replication similarly to POLIB and POLID depletions. Complementation with POLA domain alone abolished POLIC foci formation and partially rescued the RNAi phenotype. Furthermore, we provide evidence of a crucial role for the UCR in cell cycle localization that facilitates proper distribution of progeny networks. This is the first report of a DNA polymerase that impacts mitochondrial nucleoid distribution.
Dehumidification performance of a variable speed heat pump and a single speed heat pump with and without dehumidification capabilities in a warm and humid climate

Abstract Conventional air conditioning systems in houses respond to thermal loads by means of controlling dry-bulb temperature through the thermostat. As part of the process to control temperature, dehumidification is also provided. However, as houses are becoming more efficient, supplemental dehumidification is often necessary for homes located in hot and humid climates to control relative humidity intentionally. This study compared the dehumidification performance of a residential air conditioning system working in three operations modes to emulate three different systems: a system with a variable speed mode, a single-speed system with an enhanced dehumidification mode, and a single-speed system operating in a traditional or normal cooling mode. With operation mode changes achieved through software, this study constituted a novelty in the topic of humidity control by using a single machine, with the same exact physical set-up to directly compare the dehumidification performance of three types of systems. Two types of days were of interest in the study, hot and humid days (summer season) and mild and humid days (Fall shoulder season). After assessment of the dehumidification performance, the variable speed mode was able to maintain relative humidity between 50% to 52% on summer days. In the single-speed with enhanced dehumidification, a slightly less effective humidity control was achieved on summer days with the mode keeping the relative humidity between 53% to 55%. In the normal cooling mode, which resembles a conventional system, the humidity levels were controlled between 55% to 60%. In the shoulder season, the variable speed and enhanced dehumidification modes maintained the relative humidity between 55% to 58% and 53% to 56% respectively. In the shoulder season, the normal cooling mode kept the indoor relative humidity near or above 60%. In terms of dehumidification efficiency expressed as a function of the amount of water condensate per unit of energy, the variable speed was determined to be more efficient than the other modes.
The Summit Score Stratifies Mortality and Morbidity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction Tobacco use and other cardiovascular risk factors often accompany chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study derived and validated the Summit Score to predict mortality in people with COPD and cardiovascular risks. Methods SUMMIT trial subjects (N=16,485) ages 40-80 years with COPD were randomly assigned 50%/50% to derivation (N=8181) and internal validation (N=8304). Three external COPD validations from Intermountain Healthcare included outpatients with cardiovascular risks (N=9251), outpatients without cardiovascular risks (N=8551), and inpatients (N=26,170). Cox regression evaluated 40 predictors of all-cause mortality. SUMMIT treatments including combined fluticasone furoate (FF) 100μg/vilanterol 25μg (VI) were not included in the score. Results Mortality predictors were FEV1, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, age, smoking pack-years, prior COPD hospitalizations, myocardial infarction, heart failure, diabetes, anti-thrombotics, anti-arrhythmics, and xanthines. Combined in the Summit Score (derivation: c=0.668), quartile 4 vs 1 had HR=4.43 in SUMMIT validation (p 19. Conclusion In this post hoc analysis of SUMMIT trial data, the Summit Score was derived and validated in multiple Intermountain COPD populations. The score was used to identify a subpopulation in which mortality risk was lower for FF 100μg/VI 25μg treatment. Trial registration The SUMMIT trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as number NCT01313676.