cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angelman and Prader-Willi syndrome: A magnetic resonance imaging study of differences in cerebral structure

Recent improvements in magnetic resonance imaging techniques now allow the developing brain to be visualized in sufficient detail to perform "in vivo neuropathology." In this study we compared the cortical morphology in six children with Angelman and four with Prader-Willi syndrome. These two syndromes are of special interest because, although they are both caused by deletions in the same region of chromosome 15, Angelman children are far more severely affected, and do not speak. We measured the length of the banks of the Sylvian fissure in a gapless series of thin sagittal images. Angelman children had a significantly larger proportion (75%) of anomalous fissures than the Prader-Willi children (12%). Anomalous cortical growth could result from mistimed expression and recognition of macromolecules involved in axonal guidance, target recognition, and pruning. We hypothesize that misrouting of long projection axons may be related to the Sylvian fissure anomalies and the language disorder in Angelman syndrome.
Maintenance project management in the process industries: A look at the realities

Abstract Realistic issues regarding maintenance project management in the process industries are examined. Guidelines and examples are provided under well-accepted project management headings and presented with a focus on the need for timely, meaningful information.
COMMUNISM AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

One of the major efforts of students of comparative politics in recent years has been directed at establishing, more or less systematically, relationships between economic development and political change. Much of the literature in this area, perhaps because of its stated or unstated value and policy orientation, has been concerned with the conditions and the prospects for democracy. In the present article, we attempt to correlate economic development with another phenomenon of political change, that of Communism and, more specifically, the strength of Communist parties. We begin with the hypothesis that the relationship between economic development and Communist party strength is curvilinear. In underdeveloped countries—and these included all Communist-ruled countries at the time the Communist party came to power except East Germany and the Czech sections of Czechoslovakia—Communist parties may be regarded as merely one variety of the modernizing movements that evolved in these countries in response to the impact of Western industrialism.
Evidence of ENA precipitation in the EUV dayglow

Observations from the STP 78-1 satellite, at 600 km altitude, of the OI 989 and 1304 A, and OII 834 A dayglow emissions between March 20-29, 1979 show brightening at low and mid-latitudes (< 30° geomagnetic latitude) during enhanced geomagnetic activity, as determined by the Dst index. We attribute this increased dayglow, which varies by up to 20% from average quiet time emissions, to increased energetic neutral atom production in the ring current. These particles precipitate to lower altitudes where they collisionally excite ambient atmospheric and ionospheric oxygen, that manifest in enhanced airglow intensities. We present our results and the evidence from which we conclude we have detected the first evidence of extreme ultraviolet dayglow excited by low-latitude precipitation of energetic neutral atoms.
Deaf and hard of hearing students’ perceptions of campus administrative support

ABSTRACTMost students with hearing loss attend community college, yet very little research on this population of students exists in higher education. This research was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of how students who are d/Deaf navigate the mainstream postsecondary environment. Purposeful sampling was used to gather data from 19 individuals who attended postsecondary institutions not designed specifically for d/Deaf students. These participants were enrolled in an urban community college district in the southwestern United States and were receiving accommodations from their campus accessibility office.Participants shared their perceptions of the campus accessibility office, the individuals within it, and campus administrative support. The results from this study help shed light on the experience of d/Deaf students in community college and provide insight on how to facilitate their success in postsecondary education. The author provides recommended practices for campus accessibility of...
Fast-fiber system of rabbit optic nerve.

Abstract The discharge pattern of rabbit obtic fibers in response to light was analyzed by measuring refractoriness to direct optic nerve stimulation, manifest as a reduction in amplitude of the compound response. Of the two major fiber groups, the “fast-fibers” comprised a remarkably uniform system, responding later, with greater synchrony, and at lower threshold than the “slow-fibers” to on and off. Fast-fibers were traced to both lateral geniculate and superior colliculus; responsiveness of the central regions to light-induced fast-fiber activity was depressed as a result of the preceding slow-fiber activity.
Asset Pricing Implications of A Non-Expected Recursive Utility Function: A Review

Employing a recently developed non-expected recursive utility function in which intertemporal substitution and risk aversion are disentangled, this paper reviews general equilibrium asset pricing in a pure exchange representative consumer economy. Assuming that the growth rates of aggregate dividends are independently and identically distributed over time, closed-form formulas for stock and bond prices (and returns) and equity premium are derived. Using these formulas, various issues in asset pricing, including the respective roles played by the two disparate preference components: intertemporal substitution and risk aversion, are discussed.
The N-terminus of yeast peptide: N -glycanase interacts with the DNA repair protein Rad23

Yeast peptide: N-glycanase (PNGase) is involved in the proteasomal degradation of misfolded glycoproteins where it interacts with the DNA repair protein Rad23 as first detected in a yeast two-hybrid assay and subsequently confirmed by biochemical in vivo analyses. Limited proteolysis of PNGase with trypsin led to the removal of both an N-terminal and a C-terminal stretch. Based on these truncations the N-terminal region of yeast PNGase was identified as being responsible for binding to Rad23. Secondary structure predictions of this region suggest that it is composed of a single, solvent-exposed alpha-helix. The interaction between PNGase and Rad23 was studied using surface plasmon resonance revealing an equilibrium binding constant of approximately 2.5 microM. The oligomeric nature of Rad23 was also investigated using sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Although Rad23 exists as a dimer in solution, the monomeric form of Rad23 associates with a PNGase monomer in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio.
Lavage angiotensin-converting enzyme as a marker of lung injury.

The source of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in lavage fluid remains controversial. I reassessed the levels of ACE in lavage fluid in contrasting models of lung injury in rats. In all 3 models examined, there was at least a 3-fold elevation in both ACE activity and total protein levels. However, determination of enzyme activity relative to total protein content (enzyme specific activity) revealed contrasting patterns. High dose intratracheal bleomycin instillation (500 µg) induced an increase in ACE activity relative to total protein. When a lower dose of bleomycin (50 µg) or when a 30-h exposure to 100% oxygen were used, both ACE and protein increased but enzyme specific activity did not change. In contrast, exposure to 100% oxygen for 48 h or to α-naphthylthiourea, an agent that rapidly induces protein edema without cell injury, caused a decrease in enzyme specific activity. The enzyme found in lavage fluid in these models is identical to the lung tissue enzyme with respect to cofactor requirements...
Meniscus and cartilage exhibit distinct intra-tissue strain distributions under unconfined compression.

Summary Objective To examine the functional behavior of the surface layer of the meniscus by investigating depth-varying compressive strains during unconfined compression. Design Pairs of meniscus and articular cartilage explants ( n =12) site-matched at the tibial surfaces were subjected to equilibrium unconfined compression at 5, 10, 15, and 20% compression under fluorescence imaging. Two-dimensional (2D) deformations were tracked using digital image correlation (DIC). For each specimen, local compressive engineering strains were determined in 200μm layers through the depth of the tissue. In samples with sharp strain transitions, bilinear regressions were used to characterize the surface and interior tissue compressive responses. Results Meniscus and cartilage exhibited distinct depth-dependent strain profiles during unconfined compression. All cartilage explants had elevated compressive engineering strains near the surface, consistent with previous reports. In contrast, half of the meniscus explants tested had substantially stiffer surface layers, as indicated by surface engineering strains that were ∼20% of the applied compression. In the remaining samples, surface and interior engineering strains were comparable. 2D Green's strain maps revealed highly heterogeneous compressive and shear strains throughout the meniscus explants. In cartilage, the maximum shear strain appeared to be localized at 100–250μm beneath the articular surface. Conclusions Meniscus was characterized by highly heterogeneous strains during compression. In contrast to cartilage, which consistently had a compliant surface region, meniscal explants were either substantially stiffer near the surface or had comparable compressive stiffness through the depth. The relatively compliant interior may allow the meniscus to maintain a consistent surface contour while deforming during physiologic loading.
Ultra-narrow optical hole burning in ruby

Abstract By applying a large magnetic field (∼3.5 T) along the crystal axis, the homogeneous line width of the 4 A 2 (− 1 2 ) → E (− 1 2 ) optical transition of Cr3+ in dilute ruby is narrowed due to a suppression of Cr-Cr electron spin flipping. A hole width as narrow as 17.9 kHz (FWHM) is observed using a pump-probe technique. In contrast to earlier low field results which gave strictly Lorentzian line shapes, the high field line shape is Gaussian. Arguments are presented that suggest the line shape is determined by coherence rather than by dissipative effects. Achievement of the latter limit will require improvements in the long term frequency stability of the laser and an increase in sensitivity to allow pump-probe observations at low Rabi frequencies (
Validation of Heart Rate Derived from a Physiological Status Monitor-Embedded Compression Shirt Against Criterion ECG

Firefighters are subject to extreme environments and high physical demands when performing duty-related tasks. Recently, physiological status monitors (PSM) have been embedded into a compression shirt to enable firefighters to measure, visualize, log, and transmit vital metrics such as heart rate (HR) to aid in cardiovascular risk identification and mitigation, thereby attempting to improve the health, fitness, and safety of this population. The purpose of this study was to validate HR recorded by the PSM-embedded compression shirt against a criterion standard laboratory ECG-derived HR when worn concurrently with structural firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) during four simulated firefighting activities. Ten healthy, college-age men (mean ± SD: age: 21 ± 1 yr; body mass: 91 ± 10 kg; body mass index: 26.9 ± 3.1 kg/m2) completed four tasks that are routinely performed during firefighting operations: outdoor fast-paced walking (FW), treadmill walking (TW), searching/crawling (SC), and ascending...
The Effect of Weak Polymer Stabilization on the Switching Properties of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

We examine the differences in electro-optical behavior of weakly polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLC) when formed using either a flood lit UV lamp, a flood lit UV laser, or a holographically patterned UV laser. Both samples formed with the UV laser exhibit symmetry in their dynamic electro-optical properties relative to the front and rear surface of the polymerized cell. These cells exhibit a reversible ∼100 nm blue shift tuning of the notch upon application of a field when the reflectivity is measured from either side. The UV lamp sample exhibits large differences in behavior when examined from the front or back relative to the direction of the polymerizing source. The front surface exhibits tuning of the notch while measurements from the back surface yield only the typical binary switching behavior of a CLC. The overall switching fields in flood lit UV laser and UV laser holographically patterned samples are also considerably lower. These differences are explained due to the presence o...
Age-related differences in auditory processing as assessed by amplitude-modulation following responses in quiet and in noise.

Our knowledge of age related changes in auditory processing in the central auditory system is limited, unlike the changes in the peripheral hearing organs which are more extensively studied. This study aims to further understanding of temporal processing in aging using non-invasive electrophysiological measurements in a rat model system. Amplitude modulation following responses (AMFRs) were assessed using sinusoidally amplitude modulated (SAM) tones presented to aged (92-95 weeks old) and young (9-12 weeks old) Fischer-344 rats. The modulation frequency and sound level were systematically varied, and the SAM stimuli were also presented simultaneously with wide-band background noise at various levels. The overall shapes and cutoff frequencies of the AMFR temporal modulation transfer functions (tMTFs) were similar between young and aged animals. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) amplitudes of the aged animals were similar to the young in the 181Hz-512Hz modulation frequency range, but were significantly lower at most modulation frequencies above and below. There were no significant age related differences in the nature of growth or FFT amplitudes with change in sound level at 256Hz and 1024Hz modulation frequencies. The AMFR amplitudes were also not correlated with the ABR wave I or wave III amplitudes elicited for broadband click stimuli presented at the same sound level suggesting that sustained AMFR responses provide complementary information to phasic ABR responses. The FFT amplitudes varied significantly between young and aged animals for SAM stimuli in the presence of background noise, depending on the modulation frequency used and signal to noise ratio. The results show that the representation of temporally modulated stimuli is similar between young and aged animals in quiet listening conditions, but diverges substantially with the addition of background noise. This is consistent with a decrease in inhibition causing altered temporal processing with age.
Characteristics of the wake of a lightly loaded compressor or fan rotor

An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the properties of the rotor fan or compressor wake in order to understand the structure of the wake. This included a study of profile shape, decay characteristics, effects of rotation, and effects of varying blade loading on the wake. Rotating tri-axial hot-wire probe measurements were reported which represent the first systematic data in the near wake region of the rotor wake using this technique. It is found that the radial, tangential, and axial components of mean velocities and turbulence intensities decay very rapidly near the rotor blade trailing edge, and that increased blade loading reduces the decay rates of axial and tangential mean velocity defects and radial velocities in the wake. In particular, the presence of an almost constant wake width region for increasing axial distance shows the effects of three-dimensionality on the rotor wake flow. Other conclusions are also given.
Accumulation of unintegrated viral DNA in rat glial cells infected with neurotropic Friend murine leukemia virus.

Abstract FrC6 virus isolated from Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV) as a neurotropic virus clone induced a high-degree of accumulation of unintegrated viral DNA during infection of rat glial cells by 72 h post-infection. When anti-FLV neutralizing antibody, dextran sulfate, or 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) was added to the culture within 24 h after infection, the accumulation of unintegrated viral DNA was inhibited. However, after 30–36 h post-infection, addition of anti-FLV antibody or dextran sulfate scarcely inhibited the accumulation of the unintegrated viral DNA, while addition of AZT at 30–36 h post-infection still reduced the amount of unintegrated viral DNA. Our results demonstrate that after 30–36 h post-infection, when second-round infection had already taken place, further superinfection with cell-free virus to glial cells was not required for the accumulation of unintegrated viral DNA. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Rational Approach for Base Type Selection

The objective of this study was to investigate how base materials should be properly selected for specific types of pavement, considering not only the performance of individual layers but also how they interact in the completed pavement structure. Base types considered included: granular (GB), lean concrete (LCB), asphalt treated (ATB), cement treated (CTB), and permeable asphalt treated (PATB) bases, constructed under both hot mix asphalt (HMA) and Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. The Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Seasonal Monitoring Program (SMP) sites investigated included four SMP sections in the North Carolina SPS-2 experiment on US52 (wet-no-freeze zone) and 13 SMP sections in the SPS-1 and SPS-2 experiments on the Ohio SHRP Test Road (wet-freeze zone). The NC site contained two GB and two LCB sections, and the OH site contained eight GB, one ATB, two PATB, and two LCB sections. Environmental data were collected via seasonal monitors and time domain reflectometry. Pavement performance was monitored by obtaining periodic condition surveys and falling weight deflectometer measurements. Major findings of the study included the fact that base type had little impact on subgrade moisture and that the choice of base depends chiefly on three requirements: (1) appropriate stiffness; (2) sufficient permeability; and (3) good constructability. Guidelines for the selection of bases under flexible and rigid pavements are given.
A DIALYSIS CELL FOR NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT OF PROTEIN-SMALL MOLECULE BINDING

A dialysis cell is described for use in an NMR spectrometer, to make spectroscopic determinations of protein-small molecule binding. The protein solution is contained within a cylindrical dialysis tube which is concentrically suspended in an NMR tube containing a protein-free dialysis buffer. Simultaneous determinations of the equilibrium transmembrane distribution of the small molecule and the chemical shifts in both compartments are made spectroscopically, providing estimates of the dissociation constant and the chemical shift of the bound species. The cell is used for 31P NMR spectroscopic measurement of the degree of binding of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to hemoglobin in a 2.8 mM carboxyhemoglobin solution at pH 6.9 and 21 degrees C. The Kd is found to be 2.4 x 10(-3) M.
Extended longevity in mice lacking the insulin receptor in adipose tissue.

Caloric restriction has been shown to increase longevity in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. In some organisms, this has been associated with a decreased fat mass and alterations in insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathways. To further explore these associations with enhanced longevity, we studied mice with a fat-specific insulin receptor knockout (FIRKO). These animals have reduced fat mass and are protected against age-related obesity and its subsequent metabolic abnormalities, although their food intake is normal. Both male and female FIRKO mice were found to have an increase in mean life-span of ∼134 days (18%), with parallel increases in median and maximum life-spans. Thus, a reduction of fat mass without caloric restriction can be associated with increased longevity in mice, possibly through effects on insulin signaling.
Review: Recent Advances in Optical Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Abstract Optical analytical atomic spectrometry includes the techniques of atomic emission, atomic absorption, and atomic fluorescence. In this review, developments in these techniques are reviewed from January 2011 through June 2012, including a summary of applications in various areas of science. The goal is to summarize the most significant recent developments in optical atomic spectrometry.
Evaluation of a reflectance model used in the SeaWiFS ocean color algorithm: implications for chlorophyll concentration retrievals

For the atmospheric correction of ocean-color imagery obtained over Case I waters with the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) instrument the method currently used to relax the black-pixel assumption in the near infrared (NIR) relies on (1) an approximate model for the nadir NIR remote-sensing reflectance and (2) an assumption that the water-leaving radiance is isotropic over the upward hemisphere. Radiance simulations based on a comprehensive radiative-transfer model for the coupled atmosphere-ocean system and measurements of the nadir remote-sensing reflectance at 670 nm compiled in the SeaWiFS Bio-optical Algorithm Mini-Workshop (SeaBAM) database are used to assess the validity of this method. The results show that (1) it is important to improve the flexibility of the reflectance model to provide more realistic predictions of the nadir NIR water-leaving reflectance for different ocean regions and (2) the isotropic assumption should be avoided in the retrieval of ocean color, if the chlorophyll concentration is larger than approximately 6, 10, and 40 mg m(-3) when the aerosol optical depth is approximately 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3, respectively. Finally, we extend our scope to Case II ocean waters to gain insight and enhance our understanding of the NIR aspects of ocean color. The results show that the isotropic assumption is invalid in a wider range than in Case I waters owing to the enhanced water-leaving reflectance resulting from oceanic sediments in the NIR wavelengths.
Relative Contribution of Workplace Factors and Individual Characteristics in the Development of Spine Loads

Thirty males and thirty females performed lifting tasks while being exposed to varying levels of physical (box weight, task asymmetry), psychosocial (social support and mental concentration), and combination (lift rate, box placement) workplace factors. The study investigated the impact of these variables as well as individual factors (gender, personality) on trunk kinematics and kinetics, muscle activity, and the three-dimensional spinal loads. The study results indicate box weight, placement control, individual's anthropometry, and to a lesser extent gender and personality directly impact the loads on the spine as well as the trunk kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity. Both the physical and mental aspects of the workplace must then be considered when developing ergonomic interventions.
Multi-Scale Simulation of Nanoparticle Transport and Deposition in Tissue During a Nanofluid Injection Process

In magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia for cancer treatment, controlling nanoparticle is vital for managing heat deposition and temperature elevations in clinical applications. In this study, we first perform a numerical simulation of magnetic nanofluid transport in agarose gel during an injection process and explore the relationship between the spreading shapes of the nanofluid in gel and injection parameters. We also simulate the nanoparticle concentration distribution in tissues after being injected into the extracellular space under various injection parameters. The model consists of two components. One is a particle trajectory tracking model (PTTM) which can predict the deposition rate of nanoparticle on the porous matrix in a single pore structure by using a Lagrangian Brownian Dynamics simulation method. The other one is a macroscale transport model of nanofluid in saturated porous structures. This study provides advanced understanding of nanofluid transport behavior in a porous structure. Our results show that the gap formed surrounding the needle may cause a back flow and can significantly affect the shape of nanofluid spreading. For small-sized nanoparticle (10nm) with zero surface zeta potential, the filtration effect dominates the particle distribution. The effect of other conditions like nanoparticle size, particle surface coating, and physic-chemical properties of carrier fluid on nanoparticle concentration distribution is under study.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Bremsstrahlung dileptons in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions

We consider production of dilepton pairs through coherent electromagnetic radiation during nuclear collisions. We show that the number of pairs produced through bremsstrahlung is about two orders of magnitude smaller than the yield measured by the CERES Collaboration. Therefore, coherent bremsstrahlung can be ruled out as an explanation for the observed enhancement of low mass dileptons in CERES and HELIOS data. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
HTLV-I-associated granulomatous T-cell lymphoma in a child

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a T-cell malignancy closely associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-I). Because of its long latency period, ATLL occurs almost exclusively in adults. We report a case of a 13-year-old boy with an 8-year history of skin eruptions. After complete evaluation, a diagnosis of HTLV-I-associated lymphoma/leukemia was made. The T-cell lymphoma exhibited a granulomatous histomorphology. There have been very few reports of ATLL presenting in childhood and none, to our knowledge, demonstrating granulomatous histology. We conclude that ATLL may rarely present as a chronic granulomatous eruption in a child.
A Source of Innocent Merriment: Cinema and Society in Colonial Zimbabwe

(2003). A Source of Innocent Merriment: Cinema and Society in Colonial Zimbabwe. South African Historical Journal: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 130-137.
On the numerical modelling of middle atmosphere tides

A linear, spectral, tidal model for middle atmosphere thermal tides has been developed. the spectral model is based on horizontal vorticity and divergence equations, and the vertical structure equation for the geopotential is solved with appropriate boundary conditions. Such an approach yields a stable temperature field and a consistent velocity field for the diurnal tide around the apparent singularity at latitudes of ±30°. Thermal forcing consists of solar near-infrared heating by water vapour in the troposphere based on an accurate and efficient algorithm and the solar radiation heating by ozone and molecular oxygen in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. the calculated diurnal and semidiurnal temperatures are in good agreement with the recent temperature measurements derived from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and Light Detection and Ranging around the midlatitude and high-latitude stratopause where ozone heating is a major source of tidal variability. Some discrepancies between the current model output and the wind measurements derived from the High-Resolution Doppler Imager and Wind Imaging Interferometer on board UARS still exist. A sensitivity study shows the need for improved modelling of tropospheric heating rates and parametrization of eddy diffusion coefficients in the upper mesosphere in order to reduce these discrepancies.
Inhibiting farnesylation reverses the nuclear morphology defect in a HeLa cell model for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a devastating premature aging disease resulting from a mutation in the LMNA gene, which encodes nuclear lamins A and C. Lamin A is synthesized as a precursor (prelamin A) with a C-terminal CaaX motif that undergoes farnesylation, endoproteolytic cleavage, and carboxylmethylation. Prelamin A is subsequently internally cleaved by the zinc metalloprotease Ste24 (Zmpste24) protease, which removes the 15 C-terminal amino acids, including the CaaX modifications, to yield mature lamin A. HGPS results from a dominant mutant form of prelamin A (progerin) that has an internal deletion of 50 aa near the C terminus that includes the Zmpste24 cleavage site and blocks removal of the CaaX-modified C terminus. Fibroblasts from HGPS patients have aberrant nuclei with irregular shapes, which we hypothesize result from the abnormal persistence of the farnesyl and/or carboxylmethyl CaaX modifications on progerin. If this hypothesis is correct, inhibition of CaaX modification by mutation or pharmacological treatment should alleviate the nuclear morphology defect. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that expression in HeLa cells of GFP-progerin or an uncleavable form of prelamin A with a Zmpste24 cleavage site mutation induces the formation of abnormal nuclei similar to those in HGPS fibroblasts. Strikingly, inhibition of farnesylation pharmacologically with the farnesyl transferase inhibitor rac-R115777 or mutationally by alteration of the CaaX motif dramatically reverses the abnormal nuclear morphology. These results suggest that farnesyl transferase inhibitors represent a possible therapeutic option for individuals with HGPS and/or other laminopathies due to Zmpste24 processing defects.
Transient Reduction of Dc-Dc Converters Via Augmentation and Geometric Control

An augmented buck converter that adds direct conduction paths to the load is both modeled and tested with hardware. The solution has advantages over filtering and passive clamps in that paths need carry power only during disturbances and can operate at different output voltages. The method's effectiveness depends on indentifying load changes, and beginning of transients. An augmented converter, with sufficient load knowledge, can completely eliminate transients. The paper investigates various levels of load knowledge and how a central controller can use it to advantage.
Shape memory effect exhibited by smectic-C liquid crystalline elastomers.

It was long expected and recently shown that main-chain liquid crystalline elastomers (MC-LCEs) may serve as high performance soft actuators due to a coupling of their intrinsic characteristics of high, yet labile, ordering and network strain. Here, we present the synthesis of new siloxane-based smectic MC-LCEs. These new materials exhibit a unique thermomechanical behavior known as the shape memory effect, which has never been observed before in such LCEs. To achieve targeted transition temperatures required for facile actuation at low temperatures, specifically temperatures ranging from 15 to 65 °C, we have designed and prepared such elastomers incorporating two distinct mesogenic groups, termed 5H and 5tB, coupled with hydride-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) spacers.
A time series analysis of real wages, consumption, and asset returns

SUMMARY This paper re-examines whether the time series properties of aggregate consumption, real wages, and asset returns can be explained by a neoclassical model. Previous empirical rejections of the model have suggested that the optimal labour contract model might be appropriate for understanding the time series properties of the real wage rate and consumption. We show that an optimal contract model restricts the long-run relation of the real wage rate and consumption. We exploit this long-run restriction (cointegration restriction) for estimating and testing the model, using Ogaki and Park's (1989) cointegration approach. This long-run restriction involves a parameter that we call the long-run intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES) for non-durable consumption but does not involve the IES for leisure. This allows us to estimate the long-run IES for non-durable consumption from a cointegrating regression. Tests for the null of cointegration do not reject our model. As a further analysis, our estimates of the long-run IES for non-durable consumption are used to estimate the discount factor and a coefficient of time-nonseparability using Hansen's (1982) Generalized Method of Moments. We form a specification test for our model a la Hausman (1978) from these two steps. This specification test does not reject our model. This paper re-examines whether the time series properties of aggregate consumption, real wages, and asset returns are consistent with a simple neoclassical representative agent economy. Previous empirical explorations of this issue have rejected the neoclassical model in large part because the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure does not equal the real wage as is implied by the the first-order conditions of the model. In this paper we argue that an optimal labour contracting model is more appropriate for understanding the time series behaviour of real wages and consumption. We show that a version of the optimal contract model restricts the long-run relation between real wages and consumption. We exploit this longrun restriction ri(cointegration restriction) to estimate preference parameters and test the model.' First, we employ the cointegration approach suggested by Ogaki and Park (1989) to estimate the long-run intertemporal elasticity of substitution for non-durable consumption from a cointegrating regression. We test the model by testing for the cointegration restriction.
ADSA Foundation Scholar Award : Implementing waste solutions for dairy and livestock farms

Water quality in the United States is threatened by contamination with nutrients, primarily nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Animal manure can be a valuable resource for farmers, providing nutrients, improving soil structure, and increasing vegetative cover to reduce erosion potential. At the same time, application of manure nutrients in excess of crop requirements can result in environmental contamination. Concentrated animal agriculture has been identified as a significant source of nutrient contamination of surface water, nitrogen contamination of groundwater, and ammonia emission. Areas facing the dilemma of an economically important livestock industry concentrated in an environmentally sensitive area have few options. If agricultural practices continue as they have in the past, despite the significant changes in agricultural intensity and changing environmental conditions, continued damage to water resources and a loss of fishing and recreational activity are inevitable. If agricultural productivity is reduced, however, the maintenance of a stable farm economy, a viable rural economy, and a reliable domestic food supply are seriously threatened. The identification and implementation of solutions to the generation of excess manure in confined animal feeding operations are necessary to enable such agricultural operations to thrive in environmentally sensitive areas such as the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. This paper will review an innovative collaborative approach to the development of a manure and litter solutions strategy by a diverse array of potential problem-solvers.
A study of parameters influencing wall-to-bed heat transfer in low-temperature rotary desorbers

Heat transfer between a rotating wall and a bed of granular material is investigated. This has been shown to be the dominant mode of heat transfer in rotary desorbers used to remediate contaminated soils at wall and gas temperatures of approximately 300 C. Three specific areas of this problem are studied. First, a Stefan-type model is used to evaluate the importance of evaporation near the wall on the wall-to-bed heat transfer coefficient. Next, a heat-balance integral method is used to model wall-to-bed heat transfer, including both evaporation within the bed and a thermal contact resistance between the wall and the first layer of particles. The method is evaluated and then compared to an approximate means with which to include the thermal contact resistance. Thirdly, the wall-to-bed heat transfer problem is solved under the condition of a linearly changing wall temperature. This solution is used to evaluate the consequences of the common isothermal wall assumption.
School Counselors and the Cyberbully: Interventions and Implications

Cyberbullying, the act of using technologies such as emails, cell phones, or text messaging with the intent of causing harm to others, is akin to traditional bullying in many aspects. This article offers a review of the current literature on the topic of cyberbullying, a comparison of traditional bullying and cyberbullying, and suggestions for schoolwide interventions.
Barriers to outcrossing success in the primarily self‐fertilizing clam shrimp, Eulimnadia texana (Crustacea, Branchiopoda)

. The expected proportion of males in androdioecious populations (those comprised of males and hermaphrodites) largely depends on the fertilization opportunities of males. If male mating opportunities are low due to restricted access to hermaphroditic eggs, then populations will be hermaphrodite-biased. Hermaphrodites have two mechanisms available to limit male mating success: (1) pre-mating barriers to outcrossing, in which hermaphrodites choose not to pair with males and (2) post-mating barriers to outcrossing, in which hermaphrodite sperm has greater access to eggs than male sperm. In this study, we measured male mating success in the androdioecious clam shrimp Eulimnadia texana when pre-mating barriers to outcrossing were removed. These branchiopod crustaceans are small (5–8 mm), filter feeders that live in ephemeral pools in the deserts of the southwestern United States. Using genetic markers, we measured male mating success in laboratory experiments in two populations of these shrimp. We correlated mating success with clasping time, clasping during egg transfer, and male thrusting during egg transfer. Males fertilized an average of 24–40% of the hermaphrodites' eggs. Outcrossing success was positively correlated with clasping duration, and was nearly an order of magnitude higher for males thrusting during egg transfer relative to thrusting at other times during pairing. Because these estimates of mating success were similar to previously reported estimates (in which both pre- and post-mating barriers to outcrossing were potentially important), we deduced that pre-mating barriers to outcrossing do not greatly decrease male outcrossing success in E. texana; the low fertilization (25–50% of available eggs) by males is thus due to post-mating barrier(s) to outcrossing.
Metal Patterning on Polymers for Flexible Microsystems and Large-area Electronics

Flexible microsystems and large-area, mechanically flexible electronic systems or macroelectronics, are attractive for a range of applications in consumer electronics, sensors, medical devices, and wearable microsystems. The techniques used for fabricating traditional microelectronic devices are not always applicable for macroelectronic devices. This paper investigates several approaches to precisely pattern metals and metallic thin films on flexible substrates. These approaches include photolithographic and non-photolithographic techniques. We have successfully accomplished precise patterning of metal thin Alms on flexible substrates made of polyimide (PI) and polyethyleneterephthalate (PET). Metals like aluminum, chromium, titanium and copper have been patterned on flexible substrates in this paper.
Abstract 265: Plasma Lactate and Incident Hypertension in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Insufficient oxidative capacity, or mitochondrial dysfunction, may contribute to the development of high blood pressure by stimulating increased blood flow. To test this hypothesis, we examined the...
A geometric method for computing ocular kinematics and classifying gaze events using monocular remote eye tracking in a robotic environment

Robotic and virtual-reality systems offer tremendous potential for improving assessment and rehabilitation of neurological disorders affecting the upper extremity. A key feature of these systems is that visual stimuli are often presented within the same workspace as the hands (i.e., peripersonal space). Integrating video-based remote eye tracking with robotic and virtual-reality systems can provide an additional tool for investigating how cognitive processes influence visuomotor learning and rehabilitation of the upper extremity. However, remote eye tracking systems typically compute ocular kinematics by assuming eye movements are made in a plane with constant depth (e.g. frontal plane). When visual stimuli are presented at variable depths (e.g. transverse plane), eye movements have a vergence component that may influence reliable detection of gaze events (fixations, smooth pursuits and saccades). To our knowledge, there are no available methods to classify gaze events in the transverse plane for monocular remote eye tracking systems. Here we present a geometrical method to compute ocular kinematics from a monocular remote eye tracking system when visual stimuli are presented in the transverse plane. We then use the obtained kinematics to compute velocity-based thresholds that allow us to accurately identify onsets and offsets of fixations, saccades and smooth pursuits. Finally, we validate our algorithm by comparing the gaze events computed by the algorithm with those obtained from the eye-tracking software and manual digitization. Within the transverse plane, our algorithm reliably differentiates saccades from fixations (static visual stimuli) and smooth pursuits from saccades and fixations when visual stimuli are dynamic. The proposed methods provide advancements for examining eye movements in robotic and virtual-reality systems. Our methods can also be used with other video-based or tablet-based systems in which eye movements are performed in a peripersonal plane with variable depth.
UNSTABLE ANGINA IN A MAN WITH JOINT PAIN

(1993). Unstable Angina in a Man with Joint Pain. Hospital Practice: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 40-42.
Principles of Pharmacology for Athletic Trainers

Houglum JE, Harrelson GL, Leaver-Dunn D. Thorofare, NJ 08086, Slack Inc, 2005, hardcover, 422 pp, illus, ISBN: 1-55642-594-5, $44.95. This pharmacology text was developed as a resource for the student athletic trainer. The content is based on the National Athletic Training Association’s competencies in athletic training and discusses the most common drugs used by people who are physically active at any age. The depth of coverage of the book is sufficient for basic principles of pharmacology. The book is divided into 14 chapters. The first chapter, “Introduction to Pharmacology,” includes foundational concepts such as administering and dispensing drugs, the differences among drug names, and the classification …
Pesticide effect on faunal composition, abundance, and body length of spiders (Araneae) in apple orchards

We studied differences in family and guild compositions, seasonal trends of abundance, and mean body length of spiders in Massachusetts commercial apple, Malus pumila (P. Mill), orchards under different pesticide regimes. The 4 guilds were active nocturnal hunters (Anyphaenidae), visual hunters (Oxyopidae and Salticidae), ambushers and runners (Thomisidae and Philodromidae), and web builders (mostly Araneidae and Theridiidae). In 11 orchard blocks in 1991 and 1992, we compared spider populations in 1st-level integrated pest management (IPM) plots (where insecticides were applied as needed through August) with those in 2nd-level IPM plots (where insecticides were applied only until early June). In a single orchard block in 1995, we compared spider populations in three 2nd-level IPM plots with those in plots that were not treated with pesticides. In all treatments, spider numbers increased over time. However, by the end of the growing season, spiders were 3 times more abundant in 1991 and 2 times more abundant in 1992 in 2nd-level than in 1st-level IPM plots. After treatment, the mean number of spiders collected in 2nd-level IPM plots in 1995 dropped to approximately 0, whereas it remained approximately the same in the unsprayed plots. Later in the season, spider numbers increased more rapidly in the unsprayed plots. We found no significant differences in family and guild compositions of spiders between 1st-level and 2nd-level IPM plots in 1992. In 1995, however, we found proportionately more philodromids and less theridiids in 2nd-level IPM plots than in the unsprayed plots. The mean body length of spiders did not differ between 1st-level and 2nd-level IPM plots in 1992. Following treatment, in 1995, mean body lengths of visual hunters and web builders were numerically smaller in 2nd-level IPM then in no pesticide plots. These differences were most probably caused by insecticide-caused mortality of resident adults in May in 2nd-level IPM plots. Because body lengths of spiders are related to the sizes and therefore the types of prey they consume, the negative effect of pesticides on mean body lengths of visual hunters and web builders may affect their role as predators of different types of arthropod pests. We conclude that insecticides, even if applied only early in the season, have a marked season-long negative effect on spider populations found on apple trees in commercial orchards in Massachusetts. This effect may differ depending on the spider species.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE WHOLE BODY RESPONSE IN RABBITS BY LINEAR OSCILLATORY ACCELERATION AND/OR OPTOKINETIC STIMULATION

Motion sickness may be defined as an abnormal body response caused to certain kinds of motion in normal subjects. Although we know etiologic factors and symptoms of motion sickness, the mechanism of motion sickness remains unknown. To clarify some characteristics of motion sickness in rabbits, we observed responses of the autonomic nervous system consisting of a change in heart rate (HR), coefficient of variation of R-R interval (CV-RR), and serum adrenaline (AD) -and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations during linear oscillatory acceleration and/or optokinetic stimulation. The following results were obtained as 1. Although transverse and vertical linear oscillatory accelerations affected little the body responses, longitudinal linear oscillatory acceleration diminished HR and increased CV-RR and FFA. 2. Since injection of atropine or labyrinthectomy reduced the changes of HR and CV-RR induced by longitudinal linear oscillatory acceleration the responses may originate from the vestibulo-parasympathetic nerve reflex. 3. An increase of FFA during longitudinal linear oscillatory acceleration indicates that sympathetic nerve as well as parasympathetic nerve activities are elevated. 4. In this study optokinetic stimulation was not so influential as linear oscillatory acceleration for provoking motion sickness in rabbits. 5. Concomitant stimulations of optokinetic and vestibular inputs enlarged variations of these responses.
Lárbitraire de chine

Phonologists often look to “external” data to determine which analysis of some set of data is psychologically real for the users of the language. In this vein, Chao (1931, 1934) argued that secret language data support the analysis of Beijing palatals as allophones of the velars. However, several of the secret language rules described by Chao are not allophonic rules of Beijing phonology, and some do not even belong to the phonology at all. In particular, the process which relates palatals to velars is argued not to be allophonic and to be probably quite independent of the phonology (as suggested by data from a second secret language). Depending on how we analyze the latter, the palatals turn out to be phonemically distinct from velars, or else their phonemic status remains indeterminate. Thus, “external” data cannot always be used to settle the cases of indeterminacy (or, non-uniqueness).