cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Taiwan: Parent, Province, or Blackballed State?

The contentious dispute between Beijing and Taipei about Taiwan's international status entails strongly held, but erroneous, views of China, Taiwan, and the course of history. Beijing's argument that Taiwan is a renegade province is not more persuasive than Taipei's assertion that it is the government of a sovereign state. However, Beijing's political clout is greater than Taipei's, so Beijing has intimidated the international community from accepting Taiwan as a state. Nevertheless, examining legal and historical factors to reconsider the rationale in both Beijing and Taipei makes evident that Taiwan should be viewed as a state.
Comparative studies of auditory physiology in reptiles

Single-unit recordings from the cochlear nuclei of representative species of several reptilian groups show some significant correlations with basila; membrane morphology. 1. Basilar membrane morphology varies conspicuously between species. 2. With regard to frequency range, all species have single-units with characteristic frequencies as low as 100–200 Hz. For a given membrane width, the relatively longer basilar membranes, such as those in Caiman and the Western Banded Gecko, have higher characteristic frequencies. 3. The minimum single unit thresholds are lower in animals with longer basilar membranes. 4. All species showed some grouping of units at certain characteristic frequency bands, this being more pronounced in animals with relatively shorter membranes such as the turtle. 5. In the species with relatively short basilar membranes neuron tuning curves tend to be sharpest at the characteristic frequencies where the units are grouped. 6. Many tuning curves of individual neurons are complex, showing multiple sensitivity peaks, although there is usually only one characteristic frequency. Minor sensitivity peaks often correspond in frequency with the characteristic frequencies of another group of units. 7. Selective tuning is thus shown by neuron responses from all animals. Comple tuning curves have not been found in Caiman and are rare in the Western Banded Gecko. Some speculations are made as to the mechanisms of frequency analysis in the various membranes. 8. The relatively long membrane of Caiman is associated with a clear tonotopic organization of the auditory neurons in the cochlear nuclei.
Hipertensão arterial pulmonar associada à anemia falciforme

Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of sickle cell anemia. Despite the fact that the elevations in pulmonary artery pressures are slight, morbidity and mortality are high. In adult sickle cell anemia patients, pulmonary hypertension is emerging as a major risk factor for death. The pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia-related pulmonary hypertension is multifactorial, including hemolysis, impaired nitric oxide bioavailability, chronic hypoxemia, thromboembolism, chronic liver disease and asplenia. In the majority of patients, pulmonary arterial hypertension is the main cause of elevated pulmonary artery pressures. However, pulmonary venous hypertension also plays a role in a subgroup of patients. Specific data on the effects of treatment modalities for pulmonary hypertension in patients with sickle cell anemia are scarce. It is likely that all patients would benefit from maximization of sickle cell anemia therapy, and that patients with the severe form of the disease would benefit from treatment with selective pulmonary vasodilators and antiproliferative agents. Large trials evaluating the effects of treatment for pulmonary hypertension in the sickle cell anemia population are underway.
Hyperthermia with implanted electrodes: in vitro and in vivo correlations.

Abstract Hyperthermia as a treatment for cancer has elicited much recent interest. However, major difficulties persist both in the technology for heating deep-seated tumors, and in thermal dosimetry. We have investigated a heating technique for deep-seated neoplasms that employs an internal implanted electrode and an external electrode to apply radio-frequency current to a tumor mass. The internal electrode consists of an array of stainless steel needles or wires which define a Faraday cage within the tumor, while the external electrode consists of a variety of electrical conductors at the skin surface. Phantom measurements have closely reproduced calculated temperature distributions. The temperature profiles within the volume enclosed by the internal electrode show relatively homogenous heating. Temperature measurements in a rat tumor model have demonstrated that significant heating within such an internal electrode array is easily obtained. The heating may extend some centimeters outside the electrode. Using a dog model we have shown that with such a treatment technique the temperature profiles obtained are reproducible both spatially and temporally. A case report of a clinical application is presented. A 5 em bronchogenic carcinoma was easily heated without significant heating of the surrounding normal lung, and without apparent toxicity. Such a technique may be applicable to a variety of operable but unresectable neoplasms. The reproducibility and relative homogeneity of heating suggest possible usefulness in combined modality trials.
Improving quality in healthcare: start with the patient.

In the decade since the Institute of Medicine released To Err Is Human, patient harm from medical errors is still widespread. Healthcare has not undergone the transformative change that is needed to reduce medical errors and improve quality. This article discusses patient-centeredness as an organizing principle for transforming healthcare. We also describe important efforts that depict the shift from a provider-focused system to one that is more patient-centered. Finally, the article discusses challenges for the future and the importance of involving patients in the quest to deliver safe, quality care. Mt Sinai J Med 78:813–819, 2011.© 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Geometrically feasible binding modes of a flexible ligand molecule at the receptor site

A very efficient algorithm for determining the geometrically feasible binding modes of a flexible ligand molecule at the receptor site is presented. It is based on distance geometry but maintains the requirements of three dimensions. The distance geometry manipulation can superimpose two bodies without explicitly calculating the necessary rigid rotation and translation. The whole conformation space of a flexible molecule can be efficiently examined by considering only a finite number of conformational points. The method is suitable only when the criterion for superposition is some minimum distance limit. It cannot, however, give the exact distance between two points in two different bodies.
Molecular dynamics simulations of La2O3-doped silicate intergranular films in Si3N4

Molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations are used to evaluate the effect of composition of the IGF on the location and energetics of La ions in silicon oxy-nitride intergranular films (IGFs) between basal and prism oriented silicon nitride crystals. Results of the simulations show La adsorption at the four sites on the prism oriented nitride surface that are the same as those observed with HAADF-STEM. In addition, the simulations also show the effect of composition on this behavior, in which La segregation to at least the two closest surface sites on the prism surface is observed at almost all compositions, whereas La segregation to the basal interface is significantly affected by composition. With increasing La content, La site-filling increases on both prism and basal interfaces. Because of Lanthanum's role as a network modifier in a pure silica glass, IGFs with no N and low La content show complete segregation of La to the crystal surfaces. Increasing N content in the IGF reduces this La segregation to the interfaces, allowing for more La in the interior IGF. This is consistent with the change in binding energy of the La ions in the interior IGF in comparison to that at the interfaces, reducing the driving force for segregation. Because the additive rare earth ‘poisons’ the surface to which it adsorbs from further growth, the change in segregation is important in the development of microstructure in the ceramic. Importantly, increasing N content in the IGF causes preferential La depletion from the basal surface, with no such significant depletion of La on the prism surface, providing a mechanism for the anisotropic grain growth observed in this system.
Factors Associated with Third- and Fourth- Grade Children's Performance in Solving Multiplication and Division Sentences.

Instruction and curricula associated with developing the ability to solve open sentences should take into account factors that mediate levels of performance. The purpose of this study was to examine three mathematical factors that hold this potential. The study also assessed the effect of several status variables on performance; examined relationships between the mathematical factors and the status variables; and generated base-line data on thirdand fourth-grade children's performance in solving certain simple open sentences in multiplication and division.
Multiple-wavelength top-emitting vertical-cavity photonic integrated emitter arrays for direct-coupled wavelength-division multiplexing applications

Multiple-wavelength photonic integrated emitter arrays are demonstrated for low cost direct-coupled wavelength-division multiplexing applications. Each array consists of eight pie-shaped top-emitting vertical-cavity lasers with a manufacturable planar structure. The achieved linear channel spacing and total lasing wavelength span are 4.0 and 28.8 nm, respectively.
Research on the Impulse Breakdown Mechanism of the Dielectric as Used in Oil-Filled Cables

The impulse breakdown of oil-impregnated paper alone, paper in combination with polyethylene, and polyethylene alone were investigated. Tape thickness and oil-gap or butt-space size were the sample variables, with the total insulation thickness remaining constant. Results substantiated that the impulse breakdown of paper varied inversely with the tape thickness. The impulse breakdown of polyethylene was independent of tape thickness. The presence of oil in the butt spaces of both materials was of no consequence.
Toward a new contrastive rhetoric: Differences between Arabic and Japanese rhetorical instruction☆

Abstract Contrastive rhetoric is being updated to accommodate the new process rhetoric. An expanded Contrastive rhetoric focuses not only on finished written products, but on the contexts in which writing occurs and on the processes involved in its production. Two limitations exist in the early theory and research of Contrastive rhetoric. First, Contrastive rhetoricians had a narrow view of rhetoric, considering only the organization of finished texts. Second, they had a narrow view of Western rhetoric. After discussing these limitations and pointing out the need for a richer view of the contrasts between the rhetorics of different cultures, this article reports on a survey of Japanese and Arabic ESL students to investigate how writing is taught in different cultures. The survey reveals that rhetorical instruction does differ in these two cultures: In Japan, instruction emphasizes the expressive function of writing, whereas in Arab countries, it emphasizes the transactional function.
PHENIX experiment at RHIC

The purpose of my talk is to present an overview of the PHENIX experiment (Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction experiment) at RHIC. Physics issues related to the quark-gluon plasma, in particular, in relation to this experiment, are listed in Table 1. Two important aspects exist for the quark-gluon plasma. One is “deconfinement”, which is closely related to the Debye screening of the QCD potential. The basic mechanism of J/$ suppression is that, if the J/1c, ra d ius is longer than the screening length, then cz would not be able to find a bound state due to a Debye suppression of the long-range term of the CC potential and, thus, J/+ production is suppressed’). The degree of suppression depends strongly on the relative size difference between the meson radius and the screening length. Since r($‘) = 0.51 fm > r(J/$) = 0.25 fm > r(T) = 0.13 fm, we expect that 4’ must melt first, then J/$, and finally T. A stronger suppression of $J’ than Jill, reported by NA38 at this conference2) is, therefore, very impressive, and this result compels us to study these vector mesons systematically at RHIC. We plan to measure J/?c, in the mid-rapidity region by dielectrons, and J/+, +’ and ‘I at forward angles by dimuons. The other important element is “chiral symmetry restoration”. Because the mass of the d-meson is close to twice the kaon mass, and because both 4 and K could be distorted in the quark-gluon plasma, it was predicted3) that a change would occur in: (a) the branching ratio between leptonic and hadronic channels, (b) the mass of the 4, and (c) the width of the 4. Here, high-resolution &spectroscopy is required to study these points. We plan to measure &mesons by both electron and hadron channels. Thermal radiation of a hot gas has been a very topical subject for many years4). There was a confusing period, at least to me, in which it was debated whether or not the radiation was enhanced or suppressed when the phase transition occurred. Recently, a consensus among theorists seems to be that the gluon content is high at an early stage of the quark-gluon plasma and an enhancement must be expected in the region of mr (or, pT for photons) greater th an 2-3 GeV’). We plan to investigate this topic using the photon measurement. The nature of the phase transition is a very interesting point to study. If the phase transition is first-order, then, an entropy jump would be expected at Tc, because internal degrees of freedom of the constituents increase by a factor of about 12 from the pionic gas to the quark-gluon gas. If one plots T as a function of the energy density (E) of the system, the value of T increases with & in the phase of a pionic gas until it reaches Tc. The system stays at this temperature, even as E increases, until a sufficient energy density
Immunologic function of patients with chronic benign lymphadenopathy.

Three children with chronic lymphoid hyperplasia and hypergammaglobulinemia are presented. They had normal numbers of circulating T-cells and normal in vitro lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and specific mitogens. The number of cells staining for surface immunoglobulins was decreased in two patients but increased in one patient with chronic lymphocytosis which is still present 5 years after his initial hospitalization. Lymphocytes without detectable markers (“Null cells”) were increased in all three patients. Levels of antibody titers to common antigens were normal. Lymph node biopsies showed nonspecific hyperplasia of the B-cell areas. The combination of normal immune responses with lymphoid hyperplasia and with a chronic lymphocytosis in one of the children suggests that this syndrome may be due to a defect in the regulation rather than the initiation of immune responses.
The criterion-related validity of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Behavior checklist

The present study sought to examine the relationship between two popular instruments for screening autistic children: the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). The sample included 77 individuals. The records of 48 subjects contained firm diagnoses of autism, while the suggestion of autism was found in the remaining records. Correlations between the two scales ranged from -.16 to .73 (median = .39). The validity coefficient between the two total scores was .67. Using cutoff scores recommended by the authors, an analysis of the sensitivity of the two instruments was conducted. The CARS correctly identified 98% of the autistic subjects; it identified 69% of the possibly autistic as autistic. The ABC correctly identified 88% of the autistic subjects, while it identified 48% of those subjects considered possibly autistic as autistic. A phi coefficient was computed to estimate the degree of relationship between the nominal classifications produced by the two instruments. A moderate relationship was found (r phi = .54). Implications of the results are discussed.
Comparison of superficial femoral vein and saphenous vein as conduits for mesenteric arterial bypass

Abstract Purpose: Gangrenous bowel, intraabdominal sepsis, and previous failed mesenteric bypass are indications for use of an autogenous conduit for mesenteric arterial reconstruction. Saphenous vein (SV) is often used as the autogenous conduit of choice, but it may be prone to graft stenosis or occlusion. Recent experience with superficial femoral vein (SFV) suggests that it is an excellent alternative conduit for major arterial reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of SV and SFV for mesenteric arterial bypass. Methods: During a 7-year period, 26 patients underwent 43 mesenteric arterial bypass procedures with autogenous conduit. SV was used for 23 bypasses (53%), and SFV was used for 20 bypasses (47%). Indications for revascularization included chronic mesenteric ischemia (n = 15; 58%), acute mesenteric ischemia (n = 9; 35%), and mycotic aneurysm of the paravisceral aorta (n = 2; 7%). Three patients (11%) underwent revascularization with SV grafts and two patients (8%) with SFV grafts after previous failed mesenteric bypass. Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 15%. Three deaths occurred after SV bypass for acute mesenteric ischemia, and one death occurred after a SFV bypass for a ruptured paravisceral mycotic aneurysm. Twenty-two surviving patients were followed for a mean of 31 ± 6 months. Three of 11 patients (27%) who survived after SV bypass had recurrent mesenteric ischemia develop (acute, n=1; chronic, n=2) from graft thrombosis at a mean interval of 32 ± 22 months after surgery. No patient had recurrent symptoms develop after SFV bypass. One of the three patients with SV graft failure died of acute mesenteric ischemia, and the other two patients underwent successful bypass with SFV. Symptomatic graft failure was significantly more likely to occur in patients receiving SV grafts compared with SFV grafts ( P Conclusion: SFV yields acceptable clinical outcomes for mesenteric arterial bypass compared with SV. SFV is a viable alternative to SV when autogenous conduit is indicated for mesenteric arterial reconstruction. (J Vasc Surg 2003;37:362-6.)
Early results of a phase I trial of oblimersen sodium for relapsed or refractory Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Oblimersen sodium is an antisense oligonucleotide to the first 6 codons of the B-cell leukemia gene 2 (bcl-2) open reading frame. It prevents the expression of the bcl-2 gene product and leads to apoptosis in cells that express Bcl-2. bcl-2 is one of the major apoptosis regulatory gene families and is found in a variety of low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The in vitro use of oblimersen in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) cell line results in enhanced toxicity when exposed to fludarabine, dexamethasone, or rituximab. Oblimersen should also enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy in WM. Presented herein are early data on the phase I portion of a phase I/II study of oblimersen in WM to identify the maximum tolerated dose and to evaluate response in patients with symptomatic WM.
Acute endotoxemia increases left ventricular contractility and diastolic stiffness in calves.

We investigated the acute effects of endotoxemia on left ventricular (LV) contractility, relaxation, diastolic properties, and mechanical energetics in closed-chest calves. Twelve male calves (4 to 10 days old) were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and instrumented to measure the LV pressure-volume relationship. Calves (n = 6) in the control group remained hemodynamically stable for 4 h. Calves (n = 6) administered endotoxin (0.1 microg/kg, O55:B5, i.v., over 0.5 h) had increased heart rate, mean pulmonary artery pressure, LV contractility (end-systolic elastance), chamber stiffness, and mechanical efficiency, no change in LV relaxation, and decreased mean systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, and LV stroke work and pressure-volume area. Endotoxin-induced changes were maximal at t = 0.5 h, after which time all hemodynamic variables gradually returned towards baseline values. Intravenous administration of isoproterenol (0.02 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) alone or combined with phenylephrine (5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) at t = 4 h produced similar increases in heart rate, end-systolic elastance, and cardiac output in control and endotoxin-treated groups. Our findings indicate that circulatory dysfunction, rather than LV dysfunction, predominates during acute endotoxemia (4 h) in chloralose-anesthetized, closed-chest neonatal calves.
Investigation of the effect of MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms on the age of onset of cutaneous melanoma

Melanoma accounts for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. Women tend to be diagnosed at a younger age and have better survival than men. A tumor–host interaction might be responsible for these gender-specific differences. Recently, a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the human homolog of mouse double minute 2 ( MDM2 ) gene was characterized: single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)309 increases the MDM2 transcription. In melanoma, the effects for SNP309 and the related tumor protein p53 (TP53) Arg72Pro are inconsistent among published reports. This study investigated the association between SNP309 (RefSNP accession ID (rs)2279744) and TP53 codon 72 (rs1042522) polymorphisms, with outcome in a hospital-based cohort of 990 patients with melanoma. We assessed whether these polymorphisms were associated with clinicopathological and phenotypic characteristics and whether these SNPs affect the age of onset of the disease, recurrence, and survival. No significant associations were found between the SNPs and survival. However, women carrying the SNP309 GG genotype were less likely to be diagnosed at a younger age: odds ratio adjusted 0.52 (0.29–0.92). Our results suggest that women carrying the SNP309 GG genotype might be at lower risk of developing melanoma at a younger age compared with those carrying TG or TT. Further studies are needed to determine whether a nearby functional polymorphism is responsible for this effect in premenopausal women.
Embolic potential, prevention and management of mural thrombus complicating anterior myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis

Objective. The management of mural thrombus complicating acute anterior myocardial infarction remains controversial in part because of the small size of studies on this topic. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies to address three questions: 1) What is the embolic risk of mural thrombi after myocardial Infarction? 2) What is the impact of systemic anticoagulation in reducing the embolic risk of mural thrombi? 3) What is the impact of systemic anticoagulation, thrombolytic therapy and antiplatelet therapy in preventing mural thrombus formation? Methods. Studies were identified by a computerized and manual search and were included if they were published in manuscript form in the English-language literature. Pooling of data was performed by calculating the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio and an event rate difference by the method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results. The odds ratio for increased risk of emboli in the presence of echocardiographically demonstrated mural thrombus (11 studies, 856 patients) was 5.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.02 to 9.83), and the event rate difference was 0.09 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.14). The odds ratio of anticoagulation versus no anticoagulation in preventing embolization (seven studies, 270 patients) was 0.14 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.52) with an event rate difference of −0.33 (95% CI −0.50 to −0.16). The odds ratio of anticoagulation versus control in preventing mural thrombus formation (four studies, 307 patients) was 0.32 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.52), and the event rate difference was −0.19 (95% CI −0.09 to −0.28). The odds ratio for thrombolytic therapy in preventing mural thrombus (six studies, 390 patients) was 0.48 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.79) with an event rate difference of −0.16 (95% CI 0.10 to −0.42), whereas for antiplatelet agents (two studies, 112 patients) the odds ratio was 1.43 (95% CI 0.04 to 56.8) with an event rate difference of 0.16 (95% CI −0.20 to 0.52). Conclusions. This analysis supports the hypotheses that 1) mural thrombus after myocardial infarction poses a significantly increased risk of embolization, 2) the risk of embolization is reduced by systemic anticoagulation, and 3) anticoagulation can prevent mural thrombus formation. Thrombolytic therapy may prevent mural thrombus formation, but evidence for a similar benefit of antiplatetet therapy is lacking.
Search for a coupling of the Earth's gravitational field to nuclear spins in atomic mercury.

We have measured the ratio of nuclear spin-precession frequencies of {sup 199}Hg and {sup 201}Hg atoms for two orientations of magnetic field relative to the Earth's gravitational field. We find that the spin-dependent component of gravitational energy is less than 2.2{times}10{sup {minus}21} eV, a substantial improvement over previous limits. Our result provides a test of the equivalence principle for nuclear spins, and sets limits on the magnitude of possible scalar-pseudoscalar interactions which would couple to the spins.
Very high speed polymeric external modulator with more than 40 GHz of 3-dB electrical bandwidth and low drive voltage

Nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers offer unique advantages for high speed device applications by virtue of their low dielectric constants and the near perfect velocity matching between the optical and microwave wavevectors1,2. In this paper, we report on the demonstration of a very high speed (> 40 GHz of 3-dB electrical bandwidth) electrooptic Mach Zehnder intensity modulator in a nonlinear optical polymer developed by Hoechst Celanese.
Differential diagnosis of calf pain and weakness: flexor hallucis longus strain.

Injuries of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL), such as tendinitis and partial rupture of the muscle belly, are most commonly reported in ballet dancers, but rare cases have been reported in other athletes. Involvement of the FHL tendon or muscle belly may occur in ballet dancers because of the repetitive ankle plantarflexion that occurs during pointe work. The FHL tendon may become irritated where it enters the fibro-osseous tunnel on the posteromedial aspect of the ankle. This tunnel acts as a pulley for the FHL tendon. Irritation in this area can produce fraying, swelling, or nodule formation in the substance of the FHL tendon. It is unusual for nondancers to have an athletic injury of the FHL. In this case problem, a patient is presented who apparently injured the FHL; however, unlike most cases reported in the literature, the patient's symptoms were present in the posterior calf and were not the result of dancing. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2000;30(2):78–84. doi:10.2519/jospt.2000.30.2.78
Dendritic arbor of neurons in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).

Female mating behavior in rats is associated with hormone-induced changes in the dendritic arbor of neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), particularly the ventrolateral portion. Regulation of mating behavior in female prairie voles differs substantially from that in rats; therefore, we examined the dendritic morphology of VMH neurons in this species. Sexually naive adult female prairie voles were housed with a male to activate the females' reproductive endocrine system. Following 48 h of cohabitation, females were tested for evidence of reproductive activation by assessing the level of male sexual interest, after which their brains were processed using Golgi impregnation, which allowed ventrolateral VMH neurons to be visualized and analyzed. Dendritic arborization in the female prairie vole VMH neurons was strikingly similar to that of female rats. The key difference was that in the prairie voles the long primary dendrites extended considerably further than those observed in rats. Although most female voles paired with males exhibited sexual activation, some females did not. These two groups displayed specific differences in their VMH dendrites. In particular, the long primary dendrites were longer in the reproductively active females compared with those in the non-activated females. Overall, dendrite lengths were positively correlated with plasma estradiol levels in females exposed to males, but not in unpaired females. Although causal relationships between the neuroendocrine events, dendrite length, and the outward, behavioral manifestation of reproductive activation cannot be determined from this study, these results suggest an association between ventrolateral VMH dendrite morphology and female mating behavior in prairie voles, akin to what has been observed in female rats.
Status of Atmospheric Effects Modeling and Compensation for Hyperspectral Imagery

This talk summarizes the current state of the art in atmospheric effects modeling and compensation for HSI, distinguishing straightforward from difficult cases, assessing approximate RT schemes, and highlighting current directions and unsolved problems.
Laccase mediated conjugation of sugar beet pectin and the effect on emulsion stability

Abstract Laccase catalyzes intermolecular cross-links between ferulic acid of sugar beet pectin (SBP). Conjugation of SBP by laccase was confirmed by increased molecular weight, monitored by size exclusion chromatography, combined with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC–MALLS), by reduced ferulic acid concentration detected at UV 325 nm, as well as by increased particle size. In addition, cross-linked SBP developed a more compact, branched structure as verified by a smaller root mean square (RMS) when molecular weight increased. Emulsions prepared with conjugated SBP had significantly smaller d4,3 diameter and uniform droplet size, with more negative ζ-potential than non-treated SBP, during 30 days storage at 37 °C. The d4,3 diameter was 5.3 μm and 3.8 μm for SBP and conjugated SBP, respectively. Covalently conjugated SBP has increased functionality and improved emulsion stability, most likely attributable to development of thick layer at the oil interface.
Detection of platelet antibodies by anti-kappa light chain facilitation of C-FDA (KC-FDA) thrombocytotoxicity

Sensitivity of the carboxyfluorescein diacetate (C-FDA) thrombocytotoxicity technique for the detection of antiplatelet antibodies has been enhanced by the addition of an anti-Kappa light chain antibody facilitation step. This new technique, KC-FDA, was compared with the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT) by titering platelet-reactive allo-anti-PlAl and anti-HLA antibodies. The results show that compared to PSIFT, KC-FDA is more sensitive for detecting platelet specific antibodies (PlAl), is more or equally sensitive for detecting other antibodies (HLA), and is significantly faster and easier to perform.
Automated Human Embryonic Stem Cell Detection

This paper proposes an automated detection method with simple algorithm for detecting human embryonic stem cell (hESC) regions in phase contrast images. The algorithm uses both the spatial information as well as the intensity distribution for cell region detection. The method is modeled as a mixture of two Gaussians; hESC and substrate regions. The paper validates the method with various videos acquired under different microscope objectives.
THE TRANSITION FROM COUNTING-ALL TO COUNTING-ON IN ADDITION

An analysis of the transition from counting-all to counting-on identified three subskills: (a) counting-up from an arbitrary point, (b) shifting from the cardinal to the counting meaning of the first addend, and (c) beginning the count of the second addend with the next counting word. First-grade children were given tests to classify them as counting-all versus counting-on followed by tests of the subskills. Adequate subskill performance was strongly related to counting-on: All 28 count-on children demonstrated all three subskills or incorporated Subskill 2 into Subskill 3, whereas 36 of 45 count-all children failed to demonstrate one or more subskills. A posttest indicated that the subskills assessment alone had induced counting-on for 7 of the 9 count-all children who demonstrated all subskills. A random half of the children who initially lacked Subskills 2 and 3 were taught them in a single session and retested. Seven of the 8 instructed children counted-on, compared to 1 of 8 not instructed. The conceptual bases for the subskills are discussed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a component-skill analysis of the child's transition from using the solution procedure counting-all to using the solution procedure counting-on. These procedures are used for solving addition problems of the form m + n. In counting-all, entities must be present for
A Low-Spin d5 Iron Imide: Nitrene Capture by Low-Coordinate Iron(I) Provides the 4-Coordinate Fe(III) Complex [PhB(CH2PPh2)3]Fe⋮N-p-tolyl

Entry into “[PhBP3]Fe” chemistry affords a rare, pseudotetrahedral iron(I) complex, [PhBP3]Fe(PPh3), with an S = 3/2 ground state. This precursor undergoes rapid oxidation by aryl azide to produce the d5 imide [PhBP3]Fe⋮NAr (Ar = p-tolyl). The Fe(III) imide is significant in that it is low-spin and represents the first mononuclear imide of iron. Doublet [PhBP3]Fe⋮NAr reacts rapidly and quantitatively with CO at room temperature to release isocyanate and [PhBP3]Fe(CO)2. The [PhBP3]Fe(CO)2 byproduct is also a precursor to [PhBP3]Fe⋮NAr upon addition of aryl azide.
Factors associated with seasonal influenza immunization among church-going older African Americans

Objectives Churches and faith institutions can frequently influence health behaviors among older African Americans. The church is a centerpiece of spiritual and social life among African American congregants. We explored its influence on influenza immunization coverage during the 2012–2013 influenza season.
Global Population Distribution and Urban Land Use in Geophysical Parameter Space

Abstract The spatial distribution of human population on the land surface is a fundamental determinant of land-use impacts on Earth's ecosystems. Census enumerations and satellite-detected night lights provide two complementary, but distinct, representations of human population distribution. Census estimates indicate that 37% of Earth's enumerated land area is populated at densities greater than 1 person per square kilometer. Human populations are strongly clustered within this area. Spatial variations in human population density span more than six orders of magnitude with 50% of the 1990 population occupying less than 3% of the inhabited land area. Temporally stable lighted areas detectable from space provide an independent proxy for the spatial distribution of urban settlements and the intensive land-cover changes that accompany them. These ∼60 000 lighted areas account for less than 2% of inhabited land area, and 50% of this lighted area is associated with the largest 5% of cities and conurbations. Urb...
Model reduction methods for unstable uncertain systems

We propose methods for reduction of unstable uncertain systems; in particular the generalization of coprime factors model reduction method introduced by Meyer (1988) to uncertain system models is considered. These reduction methods are applicable to uncertain system realizations that are not stable in a robust l/sub 2/ setting. Error bounds are given in the induced 2-norm of the factorized mapping, where this norm is computed over the unity norm-bounded structured uncertainty set. A second reduction method is considered, namely that of simply scaling the allowable uncertainty set down to a size at which the system is robustly stable, and applying previously developed reduction methods for stable uncertain systems.
Explaining premature mortality across fields of creative endeavor

It has been established that eminent creative writers tend to die younger than their counterparts in other creative-achievement domains. The present study replicates these findings using a data set of 2102 eminent historical subjects from seven different disciplines, and reviews three extant explanations for this phenomenon. Each explanation was tested using an indicator of versatility. None of the life-span hypotheses extended from each explanation to the interaction of achievement domain x versatility was supported. In particular, no models were able to account for the precipitous decrease (2.7 to 8.6 years) in the life spans of versatile scientists when compared to nonversatile scientists. Consequently, a new explanatory model was proposed that draws on psychopathology, vocation choice, and personality characteristics as factors underlying the apparent differences in life span across achievement domains and versatility.
On the derivation of point source responses from line source solutions

Abstract A sequence of linear, mathematical operations are derived which transform the generalized function representing a concentrated line source into the generalized function representing an axi-symmetric point source. Geometrically, the transformation consists of superposing the derivatives of the Hilbert transforms of line sources in all aximuths through a given point, to produce a concentrated source at that point. Thus. for linear systems the response due to a point source can be deduced from that due to line sources by the same operations. Conditions for which the transformation becomes useful and various alternate forms of the transformation, with examples, are also given.
Iterative (turbo) soft interference cancellation and decoding for coded CDMA

The presence of both multiple-access interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) constitutes a major impediment to reliable communications in multipath code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channels. In this paper, an iterative receiver structure is proposed for decoding multiuser information data in a convolutionally coded asynchronous multipath DS-CDMA system. The receiver performs two successive soft-output decisions, achieved by a soft-input soft-output (SISO) multiuser detector and a bank of single-user SISO channel decoders, through an iterative process. At each iteration, extrinsic information is extracted from detection and decoding stages and is then used as a priori information in the next iteration, just as in turbo decoding. Given the multipath CDMA channel model, a direct implementation of a sliding-window SISO multiuser detector has a prohibitive computational complexity. A low-complexity SISO multiuser detector is developed based on a novel nonlinear interference suppression technique, which makes use of both soft interference cancellation and instantaneous linear minimum mean-square error filtering. The properties of such a nonlinear interference suppressor are examined, and an efficient recursive implementation is derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed low complexity iterative receiver structure for interference suppression and decoding offers significant performance gain over the traditional noniterative receiver structure. Moreover, at high signal-to-noise ratio, the detrimental effects of MAI and ISI in the channel can almost be completely overcome by iterative processing, and single-user performance can be approached.
Early Management of Abdominal Trauma the Role of Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage

This report reviews the contemporary value of diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in the assessment of abdominal trauma, and reports the methods and results of its application within one trauma centre (Washington Hospital Center). DPL was reserved for those patients where doubt existed as to the presence of intra-abdominal injury, and gave a very accurate assessment of intraperitoneal injury. The complication rate was 0.4% and the accuracy of DPL was 97.7%. Except for laparotomy, DPL is the most sensitive indicator of haemoperitoneum available. It was first introduced with the aim of reducing the number of missed diagnoses of abdominal injury and it performs this task excellently when a low threshold for positivity is used. The open technique is safest and gives fewer false positive results, and the colorimetric method of analysis of lavage fluid is recommended, with strict adherence to advised criteria for negativity. A clinical algorithm is described, utilizing DPL, aimed at early diagnosis of all intra-abdominal injuries. This was extremely sensitive and failed in only one case in 384 (0.3%). The attendant, non-therapeutic laparotomy rate was 19%, and is regarded as acceptable within the aims of early diagnosis. In this series, there was no mortality or morbidity attached to the use of DPL or from non-therapeutic laparotomy, and there was only one delayed diagnosis in the entire series. No bowel, bladder, diaphragmatic, duodenal or pancreatic injuries were missed or diagnosed late.
Performance-driven integration of retiming and resynthesis

We present a novel approach to performance optimization by integrating retiming and resynthesis. The approach is oblivious of register boundaries during resynthesis. In addition, it guides resynthesis by a criterion that is directly tied to the performance target. The proposed approach obtains provable results. Experimental results further demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
The Influence of Culture on Role Conceptions and Role Behavior in Organisations

La main-d’oeuvre de nombreux pays industrialises se diversifie de plus en plus. Les organisations de ces pays emploient des salaries relevant de diverses cultures et subcultures. Par suite, les modeles du comportement organisationnel qui supposent que les salaries partagent une culture unique et relativement homogene ne sont plus pertinents. Nous presentons donc une version modifee du modele originel du role (Katz & Kahn, 1966, 1978). Notre modele des Effets de la Culture sur le Comportement de Role (ECORB) reconnait explicitement l’impact que les aquis culturels diversifies de ceux qui proposent et de ceux qui assument les roles ont sur les expectations de roles, les roles proposes, les intentions comportementales et le comportement de role. L’un des principes de base de ce modele, c’est que les variable culturelles et subculturelles affectent les scripts professionnels qu’un salarie a la volonte et la capacite de mettre en œuvre. En outre, comme les salaries de cultures et subcultures differentes agissent souvent en fonction de scripts divergents, maints problemes peuvent apparaitre (par exemple, les tenants du role peuvent adopter une conduite incompatible avec les attentes de l’environnement). On analyse les retombees de notre modele ECORB sur la theorie, la recherche et la pratique. The workforces of many industrialised nations are becoming increasingly more diverse. Organisations in these nations employ workers from a variety of cultures and subcultures. As a result, models of organisational behavior that assume that workers share a single, relatively homogeneous culture are no longer appropriate. In view of this, we offer a modified version of Katz and Kahn's (1966, 1978) seminal model of role-taking. Our model of the Effects of Culture on Role Behavior (ECORB) explicitly recognises the effects that variations in the cultural backgrounds of role senders and role incumbents have on role expectations, sent roles, behavioral intentions, and role behavior. A basic premise of the same model is that cultural and subcultural variables affect the work-related scripts that a worker is willing and able to use. Moreover, because workers from different cultures or subcultures often operate on the basis of different scripts, a number of problems may arise (e.g. role incumbents may behave in ways that are inconsistent with the expectations of role senders). We offer implications of our ECORB model for theory, research, and practice.
Correlation between Serum and Plasma Antibody Titers to Mycobacterial Antigens

The ability to utilize serum or plasma samples interchangeably is useful for tuberculosis (TB) serology. We demonstrate a strong correlation between antibody titers to several mycobacterial antigens in serum versus plasma from HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected TB and non-TB patients (r 0.99 to 0.89; P < 0.0001). Plasma and serum can be used interchangeably in the same antibody detection assays.
Monolithic Schottky-collector resonant tunnel diode oscillator arrays to 650 GHz

We report monolithic array oscillators incorporating Schottky-collector resonant tunnel diodes (SRTD's). In the SRTD, a 0.1-/spl mu/m width Schottky collector contact provides a greatly reduced device series resistance, resulting in an estimated 2.2 THz maximum frequency of oscillation. A 64-element oscillator array oscillated at 650 GHz while a 16-element array produced 28 /spl mu/W at 290 GHz.
Polarization properties of dipolelike defect modes in photonic crystal nanocavities

Far-field measurements of the in-plane polarization properties of spontaneous emission from optical nanocavities formed in two-dimensional photonic crystal slab waveguides are presented. A strong polarization signature, even subthreshold, is found for a pair of highly localized dipolelike resonant modes. This polarization signature is used to study the effects of symmetry lowering within the cavity.
Impacts of atmospheric nutrient inputs on marine biogeochemistry

The primary nutrients that limit marine phytoplankton growth rates include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and silicon (Si). Atmospheric transport and deposition provides a source for each of these nutrients to the oceans. We utilize an ocean biogeochemical model to examine the relative importance of these atmospheric inputs for ocean biogeochemistry and export production. In the current era, simulations with the biogeochemical elemental cycling ocean model suggest that globally, atmospheric Fe inputs could support roughly 50% of the Fe exported from the euphotic zone by sinking organic and inorganic particles. Variations in atmospheric iron inputs strongly impact spatial patterns of phytoplankton growth limitation and the areal extent of the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions. Atmospheric inputs of N, Si, and P have smaller impacts, potentially accounting for 5.1%, 0.21%, and 0.12% of the biogenic export of these elements from the euphotic zone, respectively. Soluble Fe input from the atmosphere is sufficient to support most of the export production in many ocean regions, whether we use a spatially variable aerosol Fe solubility, or a globally constant 2% solubility. Regionally atmospheric N inputs can have significant impacts on marine biogeochemistry, potentially supporting >25% of the export production, an impact that is increasing due to human activities. Atmospheric Si and P inputs have only minimal impacts on marine ecosystem productivity and biogeochemistry, as these inputs are typically quite small relative to the flux of these nutrients from below the euphotic zone.
Doing occupational therapy: dimensions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

OBJECTIVES A phenomenological study was conducted to gain understanding of the nature of the lived experience of doing occupational therapy. METHOD One hundred and forty-eight occupational therapists nationwide were asked to describe especially satisfying and dissatisfying experiences of practice. The resulting narrative data were analyzed with dimensional analysis techniques. RESULTS With the metaphor of therapy as story, three overarching dimensions of practice were derived from the narrative data: Change, Community, and Craft. The dimension of Change is strongly related to the ending or outcome of the story, Community encompasses the harmony or disharmony of the interrelationships in the shared story, and Craft includes both the skills of therapy and the broader core experience of doing therapy. CONCLUSION These findings are complementary to the three-track mind discussed in the clinical reasoning study and contribute further to our understanding of the experience of doing occupational therapy.