cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treating the “Sexually Dangerous Person”

The Massachusetts Treatment Center for Sexually Dangerous Persons is a remnant of an outdated concept of human behavior. It is one of the last of the original sexual psychopath programs. Unfortunately, the trend is starting to spread across the country again, beginning in 1990, with the opening of the Special Commitment Center in Monroe, Washington, where sex offenders are civilly committed until such time as they can prove that they are no longer “sexually dangerous predators.” This chapter will explore not only the history of the Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) and the civil commitment of sex offenders but the authors’ experiences in providing sex-offender-specific treatment first under the Massachusetts Department of Mental and then the Department of Corrections.
NMR evidence for two ammonia rotational hindering potentials in solid Ca(NH3)6

Abstract Proton spin-lattice relaxation times in Ca(NH 3 ) 6 have been measured between 10 and 125 K. Three distinct T 1 minima have been observed and are attributed to NH 3 diffusion and to NH 3 rotating in two different hindering potentials. The results suggest that there is an appreciable difference in molecular structure between NH 3 and ND 3 in this compound.
Competence-Focused Approaches to Family Counseling

A number of writers in the field of family counseling and therapy have begun to emphasize the positive resources offamilies, moving away from the unfortunate trend toward pathologizing family life. This review summarizes the work of several of these writers and suggests that a focus on client strengths and competencies is especially importantfor therapists working with highly stressedfamilies and communities.
Measuring P2X1 receptor activity in washed platelets in the absence of exogenous apyrase

Purinergic receptor signaling events in platelets are a major determinant in platelet function. However, investigating the ATP-sensitive P2X1 platelet receptor is difficult due to its rapid desensitization in the washed platelet sample matrix. To minimize desensitization, most studies involving P2X1 activity in washed platelets require apyrase in the sample to reduce matrix ATP levels. Unfortunately, the apyrase will also rapidly degrade any ATP added exogenously during the studies. Here, we describe a method that employs the reported P2X1 inhibitor NF449 to sensitize washed platelets in the absence of any added apyrase. Sensitization is verified by spectrofluorometric determination of Ca2+ entry into the platelets after stimulation with concentrations of ATP ranging from 0.625 μM to 5 μM. Results suggest that sensitization of the P2X1 receptor by NF449 is not necessarily dependent upon the inhibitor concentration, but rather the ratio of the inhibitor to exogenously-added ATP concentrations. With a ratio of ATP agonist to NF440 concentration of ∼5 : 1, the resulting percent change in fluorescence due to Ca2+ entry into the platelet is 39.3 ± 0.8%; however, at a ratio of 1 : 8 ATP to NF449 the percent change is reduced to 13.1 ± 2.2%. The sensitizing effect is also investigated as a function of time. The results obtained verify that NF449 can behave as a concentration-dependent inhibitor and sensitizer of the plateletP2X1 receptor in washed platelet samples, depending on the ATP concentration in the matrix.
Corehead camera for measurement of currents and core orientation

Abstract The corehead camera is an instrument designed for use with the piston coring apparatus. It has been used for determining the direction and strength of the bottom currents and for core orientation. Results from the central North Pacific indicate that bottom current velocities are of the order of 1–2 cm/sec. Manganese nodules were photographed on the bottom and have been disturbed by the coring operation. Other transient bottom effects can be monitored.
Extension-bend-twist coupling behavior of nonhomogeneous anisotropic beams with initial twist

An analytical model is developed for assessing the extension-bend-twist coupling behavior of nonhomogeneous anisotropic beams with initial twist. The model is formulated as a coupled two-dimensional boundary value problem, where the displacement solutions are defined with pretwist-dependent functions that represent the extension, bending, and torsion, and unknown functions that represent local in-plane deformations and out-of-plane cross-section warping. The unknown deformation functions are determined by applying the principle of minimum potential energy to a discretized representation of the cross section. Numerical results are presented that fully verify this approach and illustrate the strong extension-twist coupling behavior present in pretwisted beams with thin-wall laminated composite cross sections as a function of ply angle, initial twist level, and initial twist axis location. Cross sections analyzed include thin laminated rectangles with either asymmetric or symmetric ply stacking sequences and a thin-wall single cell D-section composed of a graphite/epoxy woven cloth.
Immobilization of cytochrome c at Au electrodes by association of a pyridine terminated SAM and the heme of cytochrome

Electrochemical methods are used to demonstrate that cytochrome c can be immobilized on electrodes that are coated with self-assembled monolayers of 4-pyridinyl–CO2–(CH2)n –S (n > 6) through interaction between the pyridine terminal unit and the heme of the cytochrome.
Frequency Map for the Human Cochlear Spiral Ganglion: Implications for Cochlear Implants

The goals of this study were to derive a frequency–position function for the human cochlear spiral ganglion (SG) to correlate represented frequency along the organ of Corti (OC) to location along the SG, to determine the range of individual variability, and to calculate an “average” frequency map (based on the trajectories of the dendrites of the SG cells). For both OC and SG frequency maps, a potentially important limitation is that accurate estimates of cochlear place frequency based upon the Greenwood function require knowledge of the total OC or SG length, which cannot be determined in most temporal bone and imaging studies. Therefore, an additional goal of this study was to evaluate a simple metric, basal coil diameter that might be utilized to estimate OC and SG length. Cadaver cochleae (n = 9) were fixed <24 h postmortem, stained with osmium tetroxide, microdissected, decalcified briefly, embedded in epoxy resin, and examined in surface preparations. In digital images, the OC and SG were measured, and the radial nerve fiber trajectories were traced to define a series of frequency-matched coordinates along the two structures. Images of the cochlear turns were reconstructed and measurements of basal turn diameter were made and correlated with OC and SG measurements. The data obtained provide a mathematical function for relating represented frequency along the OC to that of the SG. Results showed that whereas the distance along the OC that corresponds to a critical bandwidth is assumed to be constant throughout the cochlea, estimated critical band distance in the SG varies significantly along the spiral. Additional findings suggest that measurements of basal coil diameter in preoperative images may allow prediction of OC/SG length and estimation of the insertion depth required to reach specific angles of rotation and frequencies. Results also indicate that OC and SG percentage length expressed as a function of rotation angle from the round window is fairly constant across subjects. The implications of these findings for the design and surgical insertion of cochlear implants are discussed.
Protein Engineering as a tool For Probing Potential Protein Dynamics in HIV-1 Protease

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease is a symmetric, homodimeric aspartyl protease, crucial for viral maturation. From analysis of molecular dynamics simulations, 19 core hydrophobic residues appear to facilitate the conformational changes that occur in HIV-1 protease. This region has been suggested to undergo sliding motions facilitated by the exchange of hydrophobic van der Waals contacts between the core residues. Many of these residues are away from the substrate-binding site, yet have been implicated in conferring drug resistance, the mechanism of which still remains elusive.We believe that this hydrophobic core dynamics governs protease activity and mutations within this region that alter this sliding motion, will potentially change the interactions between hydrophobic residues and consequently impact the catalytic activity of the protease. To determine whether locking the hydrophobic core using covalent chemistry compromises protease activity, we have engineered protease variants with novel disulfide bridges within the hydrophobic core region. Activity assays and crystal structures of the wildtype and mutant protease in the presence of the substrate will help elucidate effects of loss of core flexibility on protease function.
Nucleotide sequence evidence for rapid genotypic shifts in the bovine mitochondrial DNA D-loop

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is unusual in its rapid rate of evolution and high level of intraspecies sequence variation. The latter is thought to be related to the strict maternal inheritance of mtDNA, which effectively isolates within a species mitochondrial gene pools that accumulate mutations and vary independently. A fundamental and as yet unexplained aspect of this process is how, in the face of somatic and germ-line mtDNA ploidy of 10(3) to 10(5) (refs 4, 5), individual variant mtDNA molecules resulting from mutational events can come to dominate the large intracellular mtDNA population so rapidly. To help answer this question, we have determined here the nucleotide sequence of all or part of the D-loop region in 14 maternally related Holstein cows. Four different D-loop sequences can be distinguished in the mtDNA of these animals. One explanation is that multiple mitochondrial genotypes existed in the maternal germ line and that expansion or segregation of one of these genotypes during oogenesis or early development led to the rapid genotypic shifts observed.
Determination of free salicylic acid in buffered aspirin tablets

Aspirin and free saliyclic acid are quantitatively released from buffered aspirin tablets, with a negligible degree of hydrolysis of aspirin, by briefly wetting the sample with 98—100 percent formic acid, followed by immediate dilution with chloroform. The salicylic acid is isolated and determined as previously described.
Reversible H2 addition across a nickel-borane unit as a promising strategy for catalysis.

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of nickel complexes of the chelating diphosphine-borane ligands ArB(o-Ph2PC6H4)2 ([ArDPBPh]; Ar = Ph, Mes). The [ArDPBPh] framework supports pseudo-tetrahedral nickel complexes featuring η2-B,C coordination from the ligand backbone. For the B-phenyl derivative, the THF adduct [PhDPBPh]Ni(THF) has been characterized by X-ray diffraction and features a very short interaction between nickel and the η2-B,C ligand. For the B-mesityl derivative, the reduced nickel complex [MesDPBPh]Ni is isolated as a pseudo-three-coordinate “naked” species that undergoes reversible, nearly thermoneutral oxidative addition of dihydrogen to give a borohydrido-hydride complex of nickel(II) which has been characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR. Furthermore, [MesDPBPh]Ni is an efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of olefin substrates under mild conditions.
Modeling Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching in Loaded Bone: Potential Applications in Measuring Fluid and Solute Transport in the Osteocytic Lacunar-Canalicular System

Solute transport through the bone lacunar-canalicular system is essential for osteocyte viability and function, and it can be measured using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The mathematical model developed here aims to analyze solute transport during FRAP in mechanically loaded bone. Combining both whole bone-level poroelasticity and cellular-level solute transport, we found that load-induced solute transport during FRAP is characterized by an exponential recovery rate, which is determined by the dimensionless Strouhal (St) number that characterizes the oscillation effects over the mean flows, and that significant transport occurs only for St values below a threshold, when the solute stroke displacement exceeds the distance between the source and sink (the canalicular length). This threshold mechanism explains the general flow behaviors such as increasing transport with increasing magnitude and decreasing frequency. Mechanical loading is predicted to enhance transport of all tracers relative to diffusion, with the greatest enhancement for medium-sized tracers and less enhancement for small and large tracers. This study provides guidelines for future FRAP experiments, based on which the model can be used to quantify bone permeability, solute-matrix interaction, and flow velocities. These studies should provide insights into bone adaptation and metabolism, and help to treat various bone diseases and conditions.
On Education & the Common Good

This response to Coulson's recent EPAA piece, "Human Life, Human Organizations, and Education," argues that Coulson is wrong about "human nature," social life, and the effects of unregulated capitalist markets. On these grounds, it is argued that his call to remove education from the public sphere should be rejected. The point is that education is certainly beneficial to individuals who receive it, but to think of education as purely a private and personal good properly distributed through the market is seriously to misconstrue the meaning of education. We should not care to be the sort of people who do so.
Early applications of computer technology to dynamical astronomy

The review traces the progress from the early application of the Hollerith Tabulating Machine to the construction of astronomical tables by interpolation and to the evaluation of Brown’s Tables of the Moon by L. J. Comrie in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s to the introduction of large programmable electronic calculators in the post World War II era. The early application of electromechanical punched-card machines to astronomical problems stemmed from the needs of the national ephemeris offices to evaluate theories of the Sun, Moon and planets and to subtabulate these positions to form the tables of daily values given in the national almanacs. These techniques were quickly applied to other astronomical problems such as the construction of star catalogs, the reduction of astrometric observations and the numerical integration of the equations of motion of objects in the solar system.
Distinct superconducting states in the pressure-induced metallic structures of the nominal semimetal Bi 4 Te 3

The end members, Bi and Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$, of the infinitely adaptive (Bi${}_{2}$)${}_{m}$(Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$)${}_{n}$ series of compounds have not only been revealed to be topological insulators under the appropriate conditions, but have also been shown to be superconductors under pressure, suggesting the potential for bulk superconductor-topological-insulator interfaces and associated quantum computing applications. Herein, we report the pressure-dependent evolution of the structure and electrical transport of the nominal semimetal Bi${}_{4}$Te${}_{3}$, a member of the (Bi${}_{2}$)${}_{m}$(Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$)${}_{n}$ series. Under pressure, Bi${}_{4}$Te${}_{3}$ undergoes several structural phase transformations, ultimately yielding a metallic body-centered-cubic structure exhibiting superconductivity with a maximum ${T}_{c}=8.4$ K at 16.2 GPa. The occurrence of structure-dependent superconductivity in Bi${}_{4}$Te${}_{3}$ is remarkably similar to the end members of the (Bi${}_{2}$)${}_{m}$(Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$)${}_{n}$ series, intimating a convergence to high-pressure universal behavior that may expose the subtle variations that lead to the topological insulating and superconducting states in these systems.
Nutritional and root development factors affecting growth of tissue culture plantlets of loblolly pine

Tissue culture plantlets of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were compared to seedlings to quantify growth and developmental differences. The two plant types were grown in containers in a greenhouse and sampled periodically for twenty weeks. Dry weights and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of the shoots and roots were determined every two weeks. During the twenty weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings grew to a greater size than the plantlets, but the relative rates of growth were approximately equal. Plantlets had significantly lower concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus per g of shoot dry weight. Seedlings were much more efficient at nutrient uptake per g of dry weight of root. Plantlets had thick, unbranched roots, which were inefficient at nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Nutrient uptake based on an index of root surface area was equal in the plantlets and seedlings. The main differences between plantlets and seedlings apparently were related to root system morphology rather than physiological processes. The uptake of nutrients showed the greatest difference between the plant types.
The role of functional assessment in third wave behavioral interventions: foundations and future directions for a fourth wave

Functional assessment remains an essential aspect of behavior therapy and is the foundation of many contemporary behavioral interventions. In this paper, we articulate the role of functional analysis in third wave behavior therapies and assessment approaches that attempt to accomplish functional assessment in clinical practice. In addition, the compromises in functional assessment and associated costs to the integrity of behavior therapy and functional approaches are discussed with respect to a focus on randomized control trials (RCTs) and diagnostic categories. We propose that a fourth wave of behavior therapy is possible to anticipate, one that focuses on functional assessment and utilizes aspects of available contemporary behavior therapies as treatment strategies integrated into a coherent Contextual Behavioral Intervention.
Intracerebral injection of neostigmine and eserine in conscious mice.

Intracerebral injection of 0.5-1.0 µ g. of neostigmine or eserine in the conscious mouse causes the following effects: tachypnea followed by bradypnea, piloerection, lacrimation, salivation, exophthalmos, micturition, defecation, muscle spasms and tremors, loss of control of the fore limbs and generalized depression. The central sites of action producing these peripheral effects are discussed.
Cytomegalovirus Viremia, Viruria and Disease After Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: No Need for Surveillance

A retrospective evaluation of 200 consecutive recipients of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) was conducted to ascertain the incidence, risk factors, clinical features, complications, and outcome of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. A total of 26 patients (13%) developed CMV viremia (n = 5), DNAemia (n = 3), viruria (n = 18) and/or disease (n = 3) at a median of 45 days following stem cell infusion. None of the patients underwent surveillance testing for CMV. A diagnosis was established by culture and polymerase chain reaction of blood, urine or other tissue samples submitted when patients exhibited clinical features suggestive of CMV infection. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity prior to transplantation was the only statistically significant risk factor predicting subsequent identification of CMV (P < 0.001). The symptoms were severe enough in 23 patients to warrant treatment with intravenous ganciclovir. Three patients developed CMV disease; two developed fatal CMV pneumonia and one developed CMV gastritis which responded to antiviral treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms as well as viremia and viruria resolved with (20 patients) and without (three patients) treatment in the remaining individuals. All instances of CMV viremia, DNAemia, viruria and disease occurred within 3 months of stem cell infusion. These results demonstrate that CMV is a common pathogen after autologous PBSCT and may result in fatality in rare instances. Surveillance programs appear to be neither useful nor cost-effective. Diagnostic evaluation should be performed only in patients exhibiting suspicious clinical features and antiviral chemotherapy should be administered for persistent and severe signs and symptoms.
SNPs, linkage disequilibrium, human genetic variation and Native American culture

Abstract 'The Third International Meeting on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Complex Genome Analysis, 8-11 September 2000, Taos, NM, USA'
Discontinuities in the solar wind

The nonuniform emission of the solar wind from the sun means that conditions are established which favor the development of discontinuities in the plasma parameters. Since the solar wind is in rapid proper motion with respect to the sun and the earth, examination of these discontinuities requires that the wind velocity be transformed away. Then it is found that they satisfy the conditions of magnetohydrodynamics and can be treated as shock waves and the stationary contact surfaces consisting of either tangential or contact discontinuities. The collision-free structure of the solar wind suggests that the tangential discontinuity is the more likely contact surface as it is more capable of inhibiting diffusion which is required for a lifetime sufficient for the structure to be carried to the neighborhood of the earth. Either the shock wave or the contact surface can create signals that are detectable at the surface of the earth. The simplest surface signal to detect is the sudden impulse (SI) but other signals may be found. The existence of a field of MHD discontinuities in the solar wind should make possible the generation of ensembles of shocks and contact surfaces. Various possibilities are explored and these are discussed from the standpoint of combinations of sudden impulses at the earth's surface which are both positive and negative. Some of these are recurrent with a 27-day period; the interplanetary M region shock ensemble associated with this is discussed and the development of these structures in space is reviewed. Lastly observational evidence for interplanetary shock waves is given together with the analytic technique for establishing their geometry and comparing the derived and measured jump parameters. The applicability of the geometrical construction of the general class of MHD discontinuity to their analysis is indicated and shows the way in which the structural content of the solar wind can be classified by the use of magnetometers and plasma probes. A parametric study of the jump conditions through a shock wave can be used to verify the correctness of field measurements because of the redundancy in measurements. This also allows the details of shock structure to be examined including the intrinsic partitioning of the internal energy of the shocked plasma.
Antiretroviral medication adherence and class-specific resistance in a large prospective clinical trial.

Objective:To assess the association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the presence of class-specific antiretroviral medication resistance.Design:Secondary analysis of prospective clinical trial data.Methods:Participants randomized to the protease inhibitor or nonnucleoside reverse tran
Lipid-binding activity of intrinsically unstructured cytoplasmic domains of multichain immune recognition receptor signaling subunits

Multichain immune recognition receptors (MIRRs) found on the surface of T cells, B cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, basophils, and other immune cells are formed by the association of several single-pass transmembrane proteins, with immunoglobulin-like ligand recognition domains and signal-transducing domains present on separate subunits. The MIRR signaling subunits all have cytoplasmic domains containing one or more copies of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), tyrosine residues of which are phosphorylated upon receptor engagement in an early and obligatory event in the signaling cascade. Despite the proximity to the cell membrane and crucial role in transmembrane signal transduction, little is known about the structure and lipid-binding activity of the ITAM-containing cytoplasmic domains. Here we investigate the conformation and lipid-binding activity of several MIRR cytoplasmic domains, namely, T cell receptor ζcyt, CD3ecyt, CD3δcyt, and CD3γcyt, B cell receptor Igαcyt and ...
Design of an Electrically Small, Circularly Polarized, Parasitic Array Antenna for an Active 433.92-MHz RFID Handheld Reader

An electrically small, two-element, parasitic array (Yagi) antenna is proposed for an active 433.92-MHz RFID handheld reader. The antenna is composed of a square-shaped driver and director. The circular polarization is achieved by pulling the driver and pushing the director at one side. The sense of the antenna can be changed easily by pushing the driver and pulling the director at the same side. The total volume of the antenna is 115 mm × 115 mm × 13.8 mm (0.166 λ × 0.166 λ × 0.02 λ), and the electrical size is a kr of 0.75. The maximum measured realized gain is 3.5 dBic.
Noninvasive transvesical pressure monitoring using controlled continuous flow resectoscope

This is a review of 400 cases performed with a controlled continuous flow (CCF) resectoscope which incorporates the use of a noninvasive transvesical pressure monitor. Two series of 200 cases each are compared. The results indicate that the second group of cases performed more recently, had a lower incidence of CVP elevation and serum sodium change. An alteration in surgical technique using the CCF may be responsible for the improved outcome in the second set of cases.
Accelerator research on MBE-4, an experimental multibeam induction linac☆

The multiple beam accelerator MBE-4 is a device for research toward a heavy ion driver for inertial confinement fusion, based on the induction linac concept. Its main goal is proof of the principle of current amplification by acceleration and controlled self-similar beam pulse compression. Into the 16-m long device four beams, each with an initial current of 10 mA are injected from a Marx-driven diode at 200 keV. The current amplification is up to nine-fold, with a final beam energy of about 800 keV in the middle of the bunch. Now that all the apparatus' accelerator sections have been completed, installed and aligned, and its unaccelerated transport properties have been studied, our experimental research has reached the crucial phase of implementing appropriate accelerator schedules that approximate self-similar current-pulse compression. These schedules are established through a close interplay of computations using a one-dimensional simulation code and a manual empirical tuning procedure. In a first approach, with a rather vigorous schedule that uses most of the accelerator modules to their voltage limits, we have determined the limits of our capability for controlled pulse compression, mainly due to waveform shaping of the driving pulse-forming networks. We shall report on these results. In themore » future, we will also aim for gentler schedules that would model more closely an inertial confinement fusion scenario. 8 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.« less
Comparison of Batch Culture Growth and Fermentation of a PoultryVeillonellaIsolate and SelectedVeillonellaSpecies Grown in a Defined Medium

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a defined medium for quantitating nutritional requirements and fermentation products of a poultry cecal isolate ofVeillonellaand to compare these parameters with representativeVeillonellaspecies. The poultry isolate is one of 29 organisms from a continuous-flow culture that has been shown to be effective againstSalmonellacolonization in broilers. When theVeillonellaspecies were grown in anaerobic batch culture, propionate and acetate were the only volatile fatty acids detected. Lactate was needed to provide energy for the growth of theVeillonellain the defined medium. The poultry isolate had significantly (p
Special needs adoption from China: Exploring child-level indicators, adoptive family characteristics, and correlates of behavioral adjustment

Abstract Since 1994, China has been a leading source of international adoptions in the US, and since 2000, an increasing number of these children have entered the country under the special needs classification. While there is a large body of research on domestic special needs adoptions, very little is known about special needs adoptions from China. This study took advantage of a large survey of 1096 adopted Chinese children to explore a number of questions on special needs adoptions from China. The sample included 124 children adopted under the special needs classification. In addition to parental reports of child behavioral problems on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), data on age at adoption, type of special needs, pre-adoption adversity, developmental delays at adoption, and Initial Adaptation to Adoption were collected retrospectively from the adoptive parents. The analysis revealed no differences between special needs (SN) and non-special needs (NS) children on any of the measures. In addition, the nature of the disabilities associated with the SN classification for many of the children may not pose significant challenges to optimal development. Policy and practice implications are discussed in light of these findings.
Constructing database applications for PDA using the .NET framework

This tutorial will give participants the necessary knowledge to create applications using the .NET framework as well as create applications for a PDA. We will give an overview of different technologies available for creating PDA applications, but we will focus primarily on Visual Basic .NET, Appforge's Crossfire, Sybase's Ultralite, and the Pocket PC. Links to popular Database (http://coffee.kennsaw.ed , etc.) sites as well as popular sites for constructing .NET and PDA applications will be presented (briefly). We will also talk about how we currently teach a graduate course with mobile databases as well as database courseware developed at our institution. This is a hands-on workshop - pocket pc or pocket pc simulator will be available for use by workshop attendees.
Settling cross-cultural disagreements begins with “where” not “how”

The article presents information on a study conducted by researcher Catherine Tinsley that suggests that organizational members from different cultures hold distinct preferences for how conflict should be resolved. According to Tinsley, there are three culturally determined strategies for resolving conflict. First, individuals in disagreement can look to high-ranking individuals for advice or for justification of their positions. Second, conflicting individuals can turn to the appropriate rule or regulation that would apply to the matter in dispute. Third, conflict participants may seek a solution that satisfies the underlying concerns of those involved by integrating their various self-interests.
On the consistency of the historic temperature record with greenhouse warming

The purpose of this paper is to assess the consistency of the historic record of mean global temperature with a climate model of historic greenhouse warming. Because there is no natural parametric alternative to the climate model, goodness-of-fit is assessed via nonparametric regression. While the historic record is not consistent with the model with high temperature sensitivity, it is not inconsistent with the model using the best-fitting temperature sensitivity.
Controlled sensing for sequential multihypothesis testing with non-uniform sensing cost

A new model for controlled sensing for sequential multihypothesis testing is proposed and studied. This new model generalizes the existing model in two aspects. First, it exhibits a more complicated memory structure in the controlled observations than that in the existing model. Second, it is applicable to the situation with a very general sensing cost that can depend on realizations of the control signals up to a stopping time. An asymptotically optimal sequential test is proposed and is proven to enjoy a strong asymptotic optimality condition pertaining to a tradeoff between error probabilities and cost.
Anomalous Vibrational Properties Induced by Surface Effects in Capped Pt Nanoparticles

The Debye temperature of Pt nanoparticles (NP) capped in PVP-K30 with an average diameter of 3 nm was determined from extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements between 20 and 373 K. The...
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF STAGMOMANTIS CAROLINA. (ORTHOPTERA, MANTIDAE)

My first work with the comrnon mantid, Stagmomantis carolina John began accidentally. One afternoon in early May, at Dallas, Texas, a number of egg masses of the mantid were placed on my desk for inspection. In looking them over I noticed that several had been parasitized and that in others the nymphs had already emerged. I paid very little attention to the unhatched eggs. The next morning May 7, 1927, my desk was covered with numbers of ungainly little brownish green creatures that raced madly about and made frantic efforts to hide behind books and papers. Thirty of these mantid nymphs were captured and placed under a glass lantern globe. A week later a second egg mass hatched. These two broods, together with a stray nymph I found, furnished me with material for observations throughout the summer.
Comparison of clinical outcomes and genomic characteristics of single focus and multifocal glioblastoma

We investigate the differences in molecular signature and clinical outcomes between multiple lesion glioblastoma (GBM) and single focus GBM in the modern treatment era. Between August 2000 and May 2010, 161 patients with GBM were treated with modern radiotherapy techniques. Of this group, 33 were considered to have multiple lesion GBM (25 multifocal and 8 multicentric). Patterns of failure, time to progression and overall survival were compared based on whether the tumor was considered a single focus or multiple lesion GBM. Genomic groupings and methylation status were also investigated as a possible predictor of multifocality in a cohort of 41 patients with available tissue for analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (p < 0.3) between the multiple lesion tumors (8.2 months) and single focus GBM (11 months). Progression free survival was superior in the single focus tumors (7.1 months) as compared to multi-focal (5.6 months, p = 0.02). For patients with single focus, multifocal and multicentric GBM, 81, 76 and 88 % of treatment failures occurred in the 60 Gy volume (p < 0.5), while 54, 72, and 38 % of treatment failures occurred in the 46 Gy volume (p < 0.4). Out of field failures were rare in both single focus and multiple foci GBM (7 vs 3 %). Genomic groupings and methylation status were not found to predict for multifocality. Patterns of failure, survival and genomic signatures for multiple lesion GBM do not appreciably differ when compared to single focus tumors.
Reactive ion etching surface texturing of c-Si using silica nanosphere lithography technique for solar cell application

A reactive ion etching (RIE) process has been applied to etch diverse shape of nanoscale surface texturing on crystalline silicon (c-Si) for solar cell application. In this work, silica nanospheres (NS) were used as a mask material to utilize selective etching between silicon surface and silica NS for texturing. For effective silica NS deposition, we also developed our own solvent-control spin-coating method showing great monolayer coverage under common laboratory environment which is possibly more suitable for low-cost fabrication compared to conventional approach (moisture and temperature controlled spin-coating or dipping coating method by Langmuir-Blodgett trough). In RIE process, the surface texturing was etched with various shapes to reduce the reflectivity from surface, and the spectral response measurement confirms the effectiveness of RIE texturing which showed phenomenal anti-reflection effect with less than 2% of light reflection below 1.0 um wavelength. In addition, experiments for Quinhydrone/Methanol (QHY/ME) surface passivation for RIE textured surface were proceeded to evaluate RIE texturing effect for surface recombination velocity and minority carrier lifetime.
Adsorption and dissociation of molecular oxygen on α-Pu (0 2 0) surface: A density functional study

Abstract Molecular and dissociative oxygen adsorptions on the α-Pu (0 2 0) surface have been systematically studied using the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave plus local orbitals (FP-LAPW+lo) basis method and the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional. Chemisorption energies have been optimized for the distance of the admolecule from the Pu surface and the bond length of O–O atoms for four adsorption sites and three approaches of O 2 admolecule to the (0 2 0) surface. Chemisorption energies have been calculated at the scalar relativistic level with no spin–orbit coupling (NSOC) and at the fully relativistic level with spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Dissociative adsorptions are found at the two horizontal approaches (O 2 is parallel to the surface and perpendicular/parallel to a lattice vector). Hor2 (O 2 is parallel to the surface and perpendicular to a lattice vector) approach at the one-fold top site is the most stable adsorption site, with chemisorption energies of 8.048 and 8.415 eV for the NSOC and SOC cases, respectively, and an OO separation of 3.70 A. Molecular adsorption occurs at the Vert (O 2 is vertical to the surface) approach of each adsorption site. The calculated work functions and net spin magnetic moments, respectively, increase and decrease in all cases upon chemisorption compared to the clean surface. The partial charges inside the muffin-tins, the difference charge density distributions, and the local density of states have been used to investigate the Pu-admolecule electronic structures and bonding mechanisms.
Microarray analysis and redox control of gene expression in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Expression profiles of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 genes in response to growth in iron-deficient versus iron-sufficient media and after 30 min treatment with H 2 O 2 were determined using a full-genome microarray. We used an ANOVA model that accounted for slide and replicate (random) effects as well as dye (a fixed) effects to identify statistically significant, differentially expressed genes that changed by 1.25-fold or greater during each of these experiments. We utilized this microarray data to identify gene clusters that were regulated under these stresses, because we are interested in cellular redox control and the way in which the cell responds to oxidative stresses. We are particularly interested in using differential expression to help determine the function of genes involved in redox control and cluster analysis aids this process. We concentrated on four gene clusters, two of which were similarly affected by both stresses, and two that were only differentially regulated by one of the stresses. We also analysed the regulatory genes that responded to these oxidative stresses and discussed the changes in transcription of the RNA polymerase sigma factors and the other regulatory proteins, many of which represent two-component regulatory systems.
Uniqueness of solutions of nonlinear Dirichlet problems

Abstract In this paper, we consider the uniqueness of radial solutions of the nonlinear Dirichlet problem Δu + ƒ(u) = 0 in Ω with u = 0 on ∂Ω, where Δ = ∑ i = 1 n ∂ 2 ∂x i 2 ,ƒ satisfies some appropriate conditions and Ω is a bounded smooth domain in R n which possesses radial symmetry. Our uniqueness results apply to, for instance, ƒ(u) = u p , p > 1 , or more generally λu + ∑i = 1k aiupi, λ ⩾ 0, ai > 0 and pi > 1 with appropriate upper bounds, and Ω a ball or an annulus.
Exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients without known coronary artery disease : Incremental prognostic value and use in risk stratification

Background We evaluated the incremental prognostic value, the role in risk stratification, and the impact on patient management of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a population of patients without prior myocardial infarction, catheterization, or revascularization. Methods and Results We examined 2200 consecutive patients who at the time of their dual-isotope SPECT had not undergone catheterization, coronary artery bypass surgery, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and had no known history of previous myocardial infarction. Follow-up was performed at a mean of 566±142 days (97% complete) for hard events (cardiac death and myocardial infarction) and for referral to cardiac catheterization or revascularization within 60 days after nuclear testing. Examination of clinical, exercise, and nuclear models by use of pre–exercise tolerance test (ETT), post-ETT, and nuclear information using a stepwise Cox proportional hazards model and receiver-operating char...
Light extraction in individual GaN nanowires on Si for LEDs

GaN-based nanowires hold great promise for solid state lighting applications because of their waveguiding properties and the ability to grow nonpolar GaN nanowire-based heterostructures, which could lead to increased light extraction and improved internal quantum efficiency, respectively. In addition, GaN nanowires can be grown directly on Si substrates, providing an inexpensive and scalable platform for device fabrication. We use finite difference time domain photonic simulations to explore light extraction efficiency enhancement in GaN nanowire-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on Si. Emission polarization and the placement of the emission source along the length of the nanowire were taken into consideration. We find that the optimal placement of the emission source is determined by the light reflection at the nanowire-air and nanowire-substrate interfaces and the coupling of emitted radiation into the waveguided modes, resulting in extraction efficiencies of up to 50%. Our approach to optimizing light extraction via simulation techniques can be applied to more realistic large-scale devices to guide experimental work towards nanowire-based LEDs with potentially greater efficiencies than their thin-film counterparts.
The multivariate Polya distribution in combat modeling

This paper investigates the multivariate Polya distribution (MPD) for application in combat models for which enemy targets must be randomly assigned to fighting units. Six sets of actual combat data motivate the allocation model. Scenarios include air-to-air combat, tank, and submarine warfare. Goodness of fit tests are derived which verify the validity of the MPD, and reinforce the notion that multinomial allocation is too simplistic for such combat models. Simulations to determine optimal allocations for minimal combat cost are applied in order to illustrate the role of the MPD in combat modeling. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 1–17, 2001
The Clothing and Textiles Research Journal: An Empirical Examination

The purpose of this study was to examine volumes 1 through 7 of the Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (CTRJ) in relation to past trends in content areas of research reported, authorship, and s...
Cryptocaryoxylon gippslandicum gen. et sp. nov., from the Tertiary of eastern Victoria

Permineralized (silicified) wood is of fairly common occurrence in Victoria, Australia, but, until now, there have been no studies of any kind concerning these fossils. This report represents the first detailed study of silicified wood from Victoria. The wood was part of a large trunk collected at the Jungle Creek location, approximately 30 km NNW of Buchan in eastern Gippsland, and is probably of late Eocene-Early Oligocene age (39 million years). The wood is diffuse porous and consists of vessels, fibres, xylem and ray parenchyma and oil cells. The vessels have simple, elongate pits on walls in contact with parenchyma and fibre walls and bordered pits on walls in contact with adjacent vessels. Oil cells are the most distinctive feature of the wood and are filled with oil droplets. The fossil wood has many similarities to the genus Cryptocarya in the family Lauraceae, but it seems appropriate to assign it to a new genus and species, Cryptocaryoxylon gippslandicum. C. gippslandicum thus adds a new dimensi...
CMS for digital photography: a case study

The objectives of the study was to compare image quality from digital photography to RGB-printer under two digital imaging workflows: legacy-based and CMS-based. Due to the difference in judging criteria, the study shows that legacy- based digital imaging workflow can produce pleasing images as good as CMS-based workflow. But ICC-based CMS out performs legacy-based workflow in matching the color appearance of the source images. This is a welcome feature in direct mail catalogs whereby printed images need to match the appearance of the merchandise closely.
Friedel oscillation in the spin density at the surface of an itinerant ferromagnet

Abstract Using the spin-dependent generalization of the Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham density functional formalism, the separate up- and down-spin densities have been calculated self-consistently for a jellium model of a ferromagnetic surface. The magnetization dependence of the work function, surface potential, surface moment and surface energy is calculated and compared with ferromagnetic gadolinium.
Planar to equiaxed transition in the

First time experimental evidence is presented for the steady-state growth of equiaxed grains during directional solidification in the presence of a positive temperature gradient. The evidence is shown for transparent grains in the succinonitrile-acetone system, which are induced to grow on wetting surfaces (restraints). The conditions for equiaxed to dendrite transitions on the re- straint are recorded, and a simple model is developed to explain this effect.
The inner inner core of the Earth: Texturing of iron crystals from three-dimensional seismic anisotropy

Abstract We present a three-dimensional model of the seismic anisotropy and texturing of iron crystals in the inner core. The form of the anisotropy changes suddenly at slightly less than half of the inner core radius. The outer part is composed of iron crystals of a single phase with different degrees of preferred alignment along the spin axis of the Earth. The inner part may be composed of a different phase of crystalline iron or have a different pattern of alignment.
Ion implantation and annealing of crystalline oxides and ceramic materials

Abstract The response of several crystalline oxides or ceramic materials to ion implantation and subsequent thermal annealing is described. For both SrTiO 3 and CaTiO 3 single crystals, the near-surface region can be turned amorphous by relatively low doses of heavy ions (Pb, 10 15 /cm 2 , 540 keV). During annealing, the amorphous region recrystallizes epitaxially with the underlying substrate by simple solid-phase epitaxy, and the crystallization kinetics have been determined for both of these materials. In Al 2 O 3 , the amorphous phase of the pure material is produced by a stoichiometric implant at liquid nitrogen temperature. During annealing, the amorphous film crystallizes in the (crystalline) γ phase, followed by the transformation of the γ to the α phase at a well-defined interface. The kinetics characterizing the growth of α-Al 2 O 3 have been determined. Preliminary results are presented on the effect of impurities (Fe) on the nature and kinetics of the crystallization of amorphous Al 2 O 3 .