cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) resistance in perennial glandular-haired alfalfa clones

Perennial glandular-haired alfalfa ( Medicago ) species and hybrids have been implicated with resistance to the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). However, the development of potato leafhopper resistant alfalfa germplasm using the glandular hair trait has met with limited success. The objectives of this study were to quantitate and determine the association of glandular hairs with potato leafhopper resistance in 19 selected clones from an alfalfa population developed for improved vigor and disease and potato leafhopper resistance. The density of glandular hairs on the leaf midveins, petioles, and stems were measured. Selected clones were screened in a laboratory no-choice test for resistance to adult potato leafhopper feeding damage, survival, and oviposition. Differences in glandular hair densities among clones were highly significant for all plant parts measured. As the plants aged, glandular hair density among plants within clones increased and density variation decreased. Significant variation was observed among clones for all the potato leafhopper resistance variables measured. Percentage of adult mortality ranged from 13 to 96 and nymphal populations ranged from 0 to 33. Associations between glandular hair densities on petioles and stems with all the potato leafhopper resistance variables were significantly correlated but the correlations were not strong. Stem glandular hair density had the highest associations with the potato leafhopper resistant variables. The presence of a glandular hair exudate and physical entrapment of potato leafhopper nymphs or adults were not observed in the clones used in this study. Results of this study suggest that the glandular hairs present on the selected clones used in this study are associated with a compound that is toxic or repellent to the potato leafhopper. This study also demonstrates that the glandular hair trait is potentially useful in developing potato leafhopper resistant cultivars.
On Groups of Order pq

The characteristic that distinguishes finite group theory from other branches of algebra is the arithmetical nature of many important theorems. Indeed, proofs in finite group theory often amount to sophisticated counting; Lagrange's theorem and the Sylow theorems are quintessential examples of the genre. Another highly appealing "arithmetical" result that is typically presented as an application of the Sylow theorems is that a group of order pq, where p and q are primes, q < p and q does not divide p 1, is cyclic (see, for example, [1, p. 245], [2, p. 358] or [3, p. 495]). The standard proof of this statement is as follows. By the Sylow theorems there are subgroups H and K of orders p and q that are normal. From the normality of H and K and the fact that H n K = {e}, it follows that elements of H and K commute with each other (see [2, p. 358]). Thus, if IhI = p and Ik I = q, then I hk I = pq and the group is cyclic. Since the Sylow theorems occur late in many undergraduate abstract algebra textbooks, most students who take only one semester of algebra will not encounter them. In this note we offer a proof of the " pq" result that does not use the Sylow theorems or normality. It can be given as an application of cosets and Lagrange's theorem. Our argument is an excellent illustration of "sophisticated counting." The proof utilizes the following easy-to-prove facts.
Special populations in cardiovascular rehabilitation. Peripheral arterial disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and heart failure.

Exercise rehabilitation for peripheral arterial disease is an effective nonsurgical means to improve functional capacity. In patients with diabetes mellitus, an exercise training program is an important adjunct in the treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Patients with congestive heart failure may be severely disabled. Exercise rehabilitation is a safe means for improving exercise tolerance. Thus, cardiovascular rehabilitation programs should be extended to include these special patient populations.
INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN (XMC) FOR PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER (PBL) INSTRUMENT ASSESSMENT (XPIA) EXPERIMENT

The Experimental Measurement Campaign (XMC) for Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) Instrument Assessment (XPIA) is a DOE funded study to develop and validate methods of making three dimensional measurements of wind fields. These techniques are of interest to study wind farm inflows and wake flows using remote sensing instrumentation. The portion of the experiment described in this presentation utilizes observations from multiple Doppler wind lidars, soundings, and an instrumented 300m tower, the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Erie, Colorado.
Automaticity in fusional vergence therapy.

Background Fusional vergence therapy is typically performed under conditions that permit the patient to direct considerable attention and effort to the visual task. Unless visual function is sufficiently automatic as to require minimal attention and effort, attention directed toward visual function may detract from that available for cognitive processing. This report describes a method to develop greater automaticity of fusional vengence through the use of concurrent demands. Methods A retrospective pilot study of patient records was performed to assess the use of a concurrent motor demand (bouncing on a rebounder) to develop automaticity of fusional vergence. Results In most cases, patients who achieved adequate fusional vergence without the concurrent motor demand demonstrated a decrease in fusional vergence ranges when the motor demand was added, and then improved with practice so that vergence ranges while bouncing on the rebounder approached those achieved while seated. This pattern was obtained in 75 percent of the base-out and 57.1 percent of the base-in protocols. Some patients who showed a decrement in performance with introduction of the concurrent demand failed to improve with practice; this pattern was observed in 28.6 percent of the base-in protocols, but in none of the base-out protocols. Some patients showed no decrease in performance when the concurrent distracting task was introduced (observed in 25 percent of the base-out protocols and 14.3 percent of the base-in protocols). Conclusions In most cases, maximum automaticity is not achieved when fusional vergence is trained under conditions that permit the patient to devote full attention to the vergence task. Introducing concurrent distractors may be desirable to automate performance and enable the patient to maintain fusional vergence even while attention is directed to the concurrent task. Heightened automaticity may reduce the effort and attention that must be directed toward binocular function, and hence maximize attentional capacity available for information-processing, comprehension, and performance on the task at hand.
In situ second harmonic generation studies of bisulfate adsorption at well-ordered Pt(111) and Pt(100) electrodes

The technique of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is used to monitor bisulfate chemisorption at well-ordered Pt(111) and Pt(100) electrodes in perchloric acid media. A comparison of the surface SHG response from the well-ordered single crystal electrodes to that obtained from polycrystalline platinum electrodes indicates that at potentials positive of hydrogen adsorption a limited amount of bisulfate chemisorption inhibits and suppresses the other electrochemical surface reactions. Upon disordering, the amount of bisulfate chemisorption increases towards the levels observed at polycrystalline surfaces.
Coronary artery anatomy in transposition of the great vessels in relation to anatomic surgical correction.

Because of the inadequacies of physiologic correction of transposition of the great arteries (TGA), we have been experimenting with direct anatomic correction of the anomaly. The procedure involves switching the aorta (with the coronary arteries attached) and the pulmonary artery. Studies in preserved infant hearts have indicated the technical feasibility of this operation. Results with the reverse of the procedure, to create a laboratory model of TGA in dogs, have been encouraging as well.
Ethnobiology in One Health

The new One Health concept is, essentially, the ethnobiology of health, addressing the interrelation of human, animal and environmental health. Incited by 2003 outbreaks of animal-borne SARS and avian influenza, One Health’s multidisciplinary perspective complements growing international support for interdisciplinary research and health equity. One Health needs researchers able to integrate social and cultural factors into health-related life science questions.
Blind Deconvolution From Multiple Sparse Inputs

Blind deconvolution is an inverse problem when both the input signal and the convolution kernel are unknown. We propose a convex algorithm based on $\ell _1$ -minimization to solve the blind deconvolution problem, given multiple observations from sparse input signals. The proposed method is related to other problems such as blind calibration and finding sparse vectors in a subspace. Sufficient conditions for exact and stable recovery using the proposed method are developed that shed light on the sample complexity. Finally, numerical examples are provided to showcase the performance of the proposed method.
Addition of Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy to the Tool Kit Used to Study the Formation and Degradation of Luminescent Quantum Dots in Solution.

The increasing commercialization of consumer electronic products that make use of II–VI semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has raised significant concerns about their impact on natural systems and human health once they are released into the environment at the end of the product’s lifetime. In this paper, we demonstrate the addition of fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy to the existing tool kit of spectroscopic techniques to quantitatively monitor changes in QD properties as they form and degrade in solution. Our study reveals that because of its rich information content, fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy has a limited utility as a stand-alone technique in the study of QD formation and degradation. However, combining fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy with the commonly used emission quantum yield and peak width measurements along with other analytical methods, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements, signifi...
Pelvic Rotation Effect on Human Stride Length: Releasing the Constraint of Obstetric Selection

As human walking speed increases, pelvic step accounts for a greater percentage of total step length and is associated with an increase in amplitude of pelvic rotation. As a result, for any given speed individuals of varied pelvic width and leg length should differ in locomotor kinematics and energetic cost. Yet despite absolutely shorter legs and wider pelves relative to leg length in females, mass-specific cost of transport in walking does not differ by sex. Focusing on stride length as the major component of gait economy, we perform a quantitative analysis of temporal, spatial and rotational gait parameters using kinematic measurements obtained from 30 healthy adults walking at two comfortable speeds. We predicted that a larger component of stride length would derive from pelvic rotation in females and that a stride length model incorporating pelvic and limb kinematics would be a better predictor than a simple limb-based model. We found that pelvic rotation was greater in females at both speeds but reached significance only at the faster speed. A larger component of female stride length derived from pelvic rotation and the female hip translated farther than the male hip, but only when walking faster. The ModelLIMB and PELVIS was a better predictor of stride length than the limb only model and accurately predicted female stride length but not male stride length. Females exploit the breadth of their obstetric pelvis to obtain longer strides relative to leg length and perform at comfortable travel speeds with greater excursion angles than males. Anat Rec, 300:752-763, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ambient Size Distributions and Lung Deposition of Aerosol Dithiothreitol-Measured Oxidative Potential: Contrast between Soluble and Insoluble Particles

Ambient particulate matter may upset redox homeostasis, leading to oxidative stress and adverse health effects. Size distributions of water-insoluble and water-soluble OPDTT (dithiothreitol assay, measure of oxidative potential per air volume) are reported for a roadside site and an urban site. The average water-insoluble fractions were 23% and 51%, and 37% and 39%, for fine and coarse modes at the roadside and urban sites, respectively, measured during different periods. Water-soluble OPDTT was unimodal, peaked near 1–2.5 μm due to contributions from fine-mode organic components plus coarse-mode transition metal ions. In contrast, water-insoluble OPDTT was bimodal, with both fine and coarse modes. The main chemical components that drive both fractions appear to be the same, except that for water-insoluble OPDTT the compounds were absorbed on surfaces of soot and non-tailpipe traffic dust. They were largely externally mixed and deposited in different regions in the respiratory system, transition metal ion...
Parallel Renaissances in the Atlantic World

Through the innovative perspective of envisioning parallel renaissances in the Atlantic World, Bullard explores cultural flowering in mid-nineteenth century Brooklyn via transmissions from Medicean Florence and William Roscoe’s urban renaissance in Liverpool. Transatlantic commerce was a conduit for European cultural norms and patronage practices taking root in early America. Packet ships such as those of the Black Ball Line between New York Port and Liverpool ferried people and ideas together with cargo across the Atlantic. Brooklyn’s progressive business and cultural entrepreneurs, many from New England, such as Luther Boynton Wyman of the Black Ball Line, combined commercial and cultural knowhow to found Brooklyn’s signature musical, literary, and arts societies that fostered community and civic identity in Brooklyn’s rapidly growing urban environment during the Antebellum, Civil War, and Gilded Age eras.
Disentangling the Personal Agenda: Identity and School Board Members’ Perceptions of Problems and Solutions

Using data drawn from a 2009 nationwide survey of school board members, this study asks three questions: What are the policy priorities of school board members? How do members’ identities predict p...
Association of body mass index (BMI) and stage in patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring KRAS mutations.

e13071Background: Body mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with lung cancer risk, particularly in former or current smokers. KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been shown to be...
Single institution retrospective study of infusional etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin, (EPOCH) +/- rituximab (R) as first line therapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

e19514 Background: Standard treatment for aggressive NHL (aNHL) is R-CHOP in B cell lymphomas and CHOP in T cell lymphomas. A significant proportion of patients; however, ultimately die from their ...
ADNEXAL CYSTADENOMA IN A BEARDED DRAGON (POGONA VITTICEPS)

Abstract An adult female bearded dragon ( Pogona vitticeps ) presented to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital for an area of swelling affecting the left eye of approximately 3 years' duration. Upon examination, the left eye could not be evaluated due to an extensive periorbital mass effect. Hematologic and advanced diagnostic testing were recommended, but due to financial concerns the owner declined. Ultimately, the patient was humanely euthanized and was submitted for necropsy. The mass was diagnosed via histopathology as a cystadenoma of the eyelid. Phthisis bulbi of the left eye with granulomatous inflammation was also observed.
Hysterectomy-corrected rates of endometrial cancer among women younger than age 50 in the United States

This analysis describes the impact of hysterectomy on incidence rates and trends in endometrioid endometrial cancer in the United States among women of reproductive age. Hysterectomy prevalence for states containing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry was estimated using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) between 1992 and 2010. The population was adjusted for age, race, and calendar year strata. Age-adjusted incidence rates and trends of endometrial cancer among women age 20–49 corrected for hysterectomy were estimated. Hysterectomy prevalence varied by age, race, and ethnicity. Increasing incidence trends were observed, and were attenuated after correcting for hysterectomy. Among all women, the incidence was increasing 1.6% annually (95% CI 0.9, 2.3) and this increase was no longer significant after correction for hysterectomy (+ 0.7; 95% CI − 0.1, 1.5). Stage at diagnosis was similar with and without correction for hysterectomy. The largest increase in incidence over time was among Hispanic women; even after correction for hysterectomy, incidence was increasing (1.8%; 95% CI 0.2, 3.4) annually. Overall, endometrioid endometrial cancer incidence rates in the US remain stable among women of reproductive age. Routine reporting of endometrial cancer incidence does not accurately measure incidence among racial and ethnic minorities.
The Biofilm Model of Freter: A Review

R. Freter et al (1983) developed a simple chemostat-based model of competition between two bacterial strains, one of which is capable of wall-growth, in order to illuminate the role of bacterial wall attachment on the phenomenon of colonization resistance in the mammalian gut. Together with various collaborators, we have re-formulated the model in the setting of a tubular flow reactor, extended the interpretation of the model as a biofilm model, and provided both mathematical analysis and numerical simulations of solution behavior. The present paper provides a review of the work in [5, 6, 4, 52, 50, 36, 33, 32, 35, 34].
Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Treatment Approach in Children

Over the past 20 years, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has become one of the most discussed diseases among pediatric gastroenterologists and allergists in the United States. According to a consensus statement drafted by a multidisciplinary working group, EoE is a clinicopathological disease characterized by symptoms such as gastroesophageal reflux, dysphagia, or feeding intolerance (although not limited to these) in the presence of at least 15 eosinophils seen per microscopic high-powered field in at least one biopsy specimen taken from the esophagus, without another identifiable etiology. Likely owing to a combination of increased awareness among physicians and an increasing incidence among the population, EoE is now one of the most important chronic gastrointestinal diseases to affect children. Yet, despite the increased attention paid to this problem, there remains considerable debate as to the optimal way to diagnose and treat the disorder. This chapter will discuss the various potential approaches to diagnosing and treating EoE with regard to the latest information on the subject.
Zur Mikrosoziologie von Massentötungen bei Amokläufen

Wie lassen sich aufsehenerregende, aber seltene gewalttatige Ereignisse wie Massentotungen erklaren, die von gewohnlichen, nicht kriminellen Personen begangen werden? Der Hinweis darauf, dass die Tater Waffenbesitzer, Mobbingopfer, introvertierte Personlichkeiten oder in ihrer Karriere Gescheiterte sind, tragt nicht zur Erklarung bei, denn es handelt sich hier um sehr breit gestreute Faktoren. Ein starkeres Indiz ist, dass derartige Angriffe von einem oder zwei Individuen im Verborgenen vorbereitet und dann von ihnen gegen zufallig ausgewahlte Personen, die eine verhasste kollektive Identitat reprasentieren, durchgefuhrt werden. Der Massenmorder verkleidet sich, wahlt einen Tatort und einen bestimmten Zeitpunkt und gewinnt dadurch eine emotionale Dominanz, die fur die Tat unerlasslich ist. Solche Tater haufen gewohnlich viel mehr Waffen an, als sie beim Anschlag verwenden konnen; Sinn und Zweck dieses Arsenals ist es einerseits, andere einzuschuchtern, andererseits gibt es den Tatern selbst symbolisch-emotionalen Halt. Massentotungen enden uberraschend oft damit, dass die Tater aufgeben oder sich selbst toten, sobald ihnen entschieden entgegengetreten wird. Diese Massenmorder entwickeln im Hinblick auf ihr Handeln eine Hinterbuhne, die tief verborgen ist, auf der sie ihren Angriff obsessiv planen und ihre soziale Inferioritat und Isolation durch ein Gefuhl verborgener Erregung zu uberwinden suchen. Ihr Handeln mag als geisteskrank bezeichnet werden, doch eine solche Pathologisierung tragt zu seiner Erklarung nicht bei. Vielmehr ist das, was als geistige Krankheit bezeichnet wird, Folge der sich auf der Hinterbuhne vollziehenden Prozesse und damit sozial konstruiert.
Hydrogen and Food Production from Nuclear Heat and Municipal Wastes

A set of biochemical reactions are proposed to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen using nuclear heat and a carbon cycle. These reactions have favorable equilibrium constants at temperatures below 600°C, and produce food (algae) as a valuable by-product. Municipal wastes can be used as a source of carbon for these reactions, or the algae can be recycled.
The : Black Women Obtaining PhDs in Computing

In 2016, 49 Black women in the United States and Canada were enrolled in computer science PhD programs. This is less than one percent of total enrollment. In the same year, only 8 Black women earned the PhD. Additionally, Black women achieving tenured and tenure-track positions are sorely lacking in computer science, computer engineering and informatics departments. In 2016, 3 black females were full professors, 14 were associate professors, and 11 were assistant professors. In comparison, white female faculty numbers included 219 full professors, 144 associate professors, and 118 assistant professors. This research studies two main factors that deter black women from pursuing and achieving PhDs in computer science through understanding and uncovering the statistics provided by the Computing Research Association's annual Taulbee survey. Additionally, we explore the misrepresentation of the "unknowns" in the statistics. The next phase of this work will include a more in-depth analysis of the personal experiences of Black and Brown women in doctoral programs in the computer sciences.
Minocycline-Induced Eosinophilic Pneumonia in a Pediatric Patient

A 17-year-old male presented with subacute onset of cough, fever, dyspnea, and weight loss. He had no unusual exposures, but had been taking minocycline for 6 months for acne. His initial chest X-r...
Kindergarten Mathematics--a Survey.

It is relatively easy to identify the mathematical concepts that first-grade and older children should master. It is much more difficult to identify with any degree of certainty the mathematical concepts that are to be mastered by kindergarten children. In the first grade, twenty to forty minutes are commonly allocated each day to mathematics, but in the kindergarten the time spent in work with numbers varies considerably. For example, two student aides who were juniors at the university insisted that the two kindergarten classes that they were observing had no mathematics period. These students were probably overlooking the casual and incidental work with numbers that
Transiting Western Sahara

Western Sahara has recently been termed the last colony in the world and the largest prison in the world. This essay will attempt, by focusing on daily points of transit, to assess the ways in whic...
The Effect of Advanced Placement Science on Students’ Skills, Confidence and Stress

The AP program has been widely adopted by secondary schools, yet the evidence on the impacts of taking AP courses has been entirely observational. We report results from the first experimental study of AP, focusing on whether AP endows students with greater human capital than other regular and honors courses. We find suggestive evidence that taking an AP science course increases students' science skill and their interest in pursuing a STEM major in college. AP course-takers also have lower confidence in their ability to succeed in college science, higher levels of stress, and worse grades than their control counterparts. [End Page 93] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Annals of native America: how the Nahuas of colonial Mexico kept their history alive: by Camilla Townsend. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. xviii + 318 pp. (ISBN 9780190628994)

In Annals of Native America: How the Nahuas of Colonial Mexico Kept Their History Alive, Camilla Townsend provides a major study of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Nahuatl-language histories. To...
Shrinking biodiversity, dwindling taxonomy and building a broader science

In proposing what might be the three leading questions in taxonomy, I have thought primarily about what might be the biggest barriers to taxonomists accurately describing the species on our planet and interpreting their phylogenetic relationships within a historical context. I have generally used the vernacular and examples of issues which I know as a dipterist (fly taxonomist). I apologize to my colleagues working on other groups but hope to be pardoned in the recognition that the problems identified below do appear to apply to our broader taxonomic community. 1. What are the impacts of the rapid rate of present day extinctions? 2. What is the future for taxonomists themselves? 3. What are some of the impacts of technology?
Risk-based data analytics in the government sector: A case study for a U.S. county

Abstract This study explores the use of data analytics for improving the quality of government audits through the lens of processing fluency theory as the driver behind the need for data analytics. Little is known about the benefits of data analytics to government expenditure audits in a data-rich environment. Accordingly, this study proposes a risk-based prioritization framework and applies it to the real procurement dataset of a US county. The results indicate that the framework increases the efficiency and effectiveness of identifying true duplicate payments compared to either the scanning or sampling benchmarks. Specifically, it significantly reduces the number of potential duplicate candidates that require auditor review to approximately 12% of the duplicate records. As such, it enables the capture of true duplicates in a shorter period. These results suggest that the framework offers one way to mitigate the low processing fluency effect of information overload on auditor judgment.
Individual Investors' Attention to Accounting Information: Evidence from Online Financial Communities*

Online financial communities provide a unique opportunity to directly examine individual investors' attention to accounting information on a large scale and in great detail. I analyze accounting‐related content in large samples of Yahoo! message board posts and StockTwits and find investors pay attention to a range of accounting information, fixating particularly on earnings, cash, and revenues. Consistent with the expectation that investors react to relevant information events, I find accounting‐related discussion elevated around the filings of earnings releases and 8‐K reports, but the reaction to periodic reports is confined to small firms. I also find investors expand their acquisition of accounting information and processing efforts in poor information environments. Greater attention to accounting information at earnings releases does not appear to be meaningfully associated with better information processing. Attention accordee par les investisseurs a l'information comptable : Donnees issues des communautes financieres en ligne Les communautes financieres en ligne representent une occasion unique d'examiner directement, a grande echelle et en detail, l'attention qu'accordent les investisseurs a l'information comptable. En analysant le contenu traitant de comptabilite dans de vastes echantillons de publications sur les forums de discussion de Yahoo! et sur StockTwits, j'ai constate que les investisseurs pretent attention a un eventail de renseignements comptables, et s'attardent plus particulierement aux resultats, a la tresorerie et aux gains. Conformement a la prevision selon laquelle les investisseurs reagissent aux activites de communication d'information pertinente, j'ai observe que les discussions sur la comptabilite portent en bonne partie sur la publication des resultats et des formulaires 8‐K, mais que la reaction aux rapports periodiques est limitee aux petites societes. J'ai egalement decouvert que les investisseurs font davantage d'efforts pour acquerir et traiter l'information comptable lorsque l'offre d'information est faible. L'attention accrue accordee a l'information comptable lors de la publication des resultats ne semble pas etre associee de facon significative a un meilleur traitement de l'information.
The C-terminus is critical for the degradation of substrates by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa CtpA protease

Bacterial carboxyl-terminal processing proteases (CTPs) are widely conserved and have been linked to important processes including signal transduction, cell wall metabolism, and virulence. However, the features that target proteins for CTP-dependent cleavage are unclear. Studies of the Escherichia coli CTP Prc suggested that it cleaves proteins with non-polar and/or structurally unconstrained C-termini, but it is not clear if this applies broadly. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a divergent CTP, CtpA, which is required for virulence. CtpA works in complex with the outer membrane lipoprotein LbcA to degrade cell wall hydrolases. Here, we investigated if the C-termini of two non-homologous CtpA substrates are important for their degradation. We determined that these substrates have extended C-termini, compared to their closest E. coli homologs. Removing seven amino acids from these extensions was sufficient to inhibit their degradation by CtpA both in vivo and in vitro. Degradation of one truncated substrate was restored by adding the C-terminus from the other, but not by adding an unrelated sequence. However, modification of the C-terminus of non-substrates, by adding the C-terminal amino acids from a substrate, did not cause their degradation by CtpA. Therefore, the C-termini of CtpA substrates are required but not sufficient for degradation. Although C-terminal truncated substrates were not degraded, they still associated with the LbcA·CtpA complex in vivo. Therefore, degradation of a protein by CtpA requires a C-terminal-independent interaction with the LbcA·CtpA complex, followed by C-terminal-dependent degradation, perhaps because CtpA must initiate cleavage at a specific C-terminal site.
Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling of the equilibrium-based size control of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots in strongly confined regime

Abstract Semiconducting lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have recently garnered a lot of attention owing to its applications in solar cells and next-generation displays. Recently, crystal size of CsPbBr3 QDs was experimentally demonstrated to be inversely proportional to the supersaturation of bromine. This was a very peculiar and counterintuitive observation but there is a dearth of simulation studies to explain this phenomenon. Here, we develop a Kinetic Monte Carlo framework for the synthesis of CsPbBr3 QDs by directly taking into account the presence of bromine rich surface and its effect on the size-control of QDs. The proposed model is able to explain the inverse relationship between the crystal size of CsPbBr3 QDs and [Br]sol, and has been validated against experimental data. The model also captures the incipient fast crystal growth and demonstrate crystal size saturation. The model can also be extended to other ABX3 perovskite QDs.
Theory of Human Motivation—Abraham Maslow

In many classrooms around the world, teachers encounter challenges with student motivation. However, motivation is a complex construct that is not easily understood. Abraham Maslow began to unravel some of the complexities of motivation in his 1943 publication, A Theory of Human Motivation. Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, believed that motivation is determined by both internal and external factors. He held a holistic view of human motivation and considered an individual as more than the sum of its parts. This chapter examines the life of Abraham Maslow and the development of his theory of human motivation. It investigates Maslow’s hierarchy of needs that motivate individuals. These needs include: physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Maslow’s theory postulates that once the most foundational needs are met, other desires emerge to fuel human motivation. The second part of this chapter provides implications of Maslow’s theory for science educators. For each of the needs in the hierarchy, practical strategies are listed to help science teachers understand how to meet and motivate each individual student. The suggested strategies will help teachers strategically and tactfully enhance student motivation and learning in the science classroom.
Learned hardware-in-the-loop phase retrieval for holographic near-eye displays

Holography is arguably the most promising technology to provide wide field-of-view compact eyeglasses-style near-eye displays for augmented and virtual reality. However, the image quality of existing holographic displays is far from that of current generation conventional displays, effectively making today's holographic display systems impractical. This gap stems predominantly from the severe deviations in the idealized approximations of the "unknown" light transport model in a real holographic display, used for computing holograms. In this work, we depart from such approximate "ideal" coherent light transport models for computing holograms. Instead, we learn the deviations of the real display from the ideal light transport from the images measured using a display-camera hardware system. After this unknown light propagation is learned, we use it to compensate for severe aberrations in real holographic imagery. The proposed hardware-in-the-loop approach is robust to spatial, temporal and hardware deviations, and improves the image quality of existing methods qualitatively and quantitatively in SNR and perceptual quality. We validate our approach on a holographic display prototype and show that the method can fully compensate unknown aberrations and erroneous and non-linear SLM phase delays, without explicitly modeling them. As a result, the proposed method significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in simulation and experimentation - just by observing captured holographic images.
America's Child Welfare System: The Four Missing Priorities

The "child welfare system" is the term of art for the state-level protection of children from abuse or neglect from their parents. It commonly involves mandated reporting and other detection mechanisms, hotline response, family preservation services where children are not immediately endangered, and removal of children where they are. The last is followed by a series of judicial proceedings in juvenile dependency courts, starting with the detention hearing and the appointment of counsel. A critical jurisdictional hearing supplants parental authority. The often coextensive dispositional hearing determines where the child will reside pendente lite. The parents are generally offered reunification under a federal and state "reasonable services" mandate to give parents the chance to regain custody of their children. After review hearings, usually at six-month intervals to gauge reunification progress, the court will decide whether the child should be reunified, or whether a termination of parental rights (TPR) hearing will be held with a possible permanent placement plan. The right to parent is a fundamental liberty interest that may be abridged only upon a showing of unfitness by clear and convincing evidence. [*116] Increasingly, jurisdictions are engaging in two-track planning - beginning a search for adoptive parents or other alternative permanent placement while reunification is pending. The idea is not to start de novo after the TPR hearing, when the child may already have been in limbo for a year, but to move quickly to a permanent adoption or other placement once it is settled that reunification will not occur. State-level commissions (such as California's Blue Ribbon Commission on Children in Foster Care and the heralded national Pew Commission on Children in Foster Care) have reviewed our state systems and found them wanting. They have identified some of the problems: lack of representation of the child; frequent absence of the child entirely from the proceeding determining the rest of his or her childhood; foster care drift; and the movement of too many children among numerous placements - depriving them of important stability. These reports properly call for effective representation of children by counsel, and for a myriad of improvements in the process. Most of these reforms come from current participants in the system, and tend to focus on the adjudication process. These bona fide efforts at reform tend to miss four critical changes needed for effective child protection across America. All four of these deficiencies, discussed in this article, apply to California.
The Longer the Block, the Harder You Fall: Extrinsic Idiopathic Atrioventricular Block Masquerading as Seizures.

Abstract History and physical examination are the diagnostic cornerstones of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC). However, details can be scarce and examination unrevealing, thus making the diag...
Evaluation of Individualized Functional Electrical Stimulation-Induced Acute Changes during Walking: A Case Series in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) walking interventions have demonstrated improvements to gait parameters; however, studies were often confined to stimulation of one or two muscle groups. Increased options such as number of muscle groups targeted, timing of stimulation delivery, and level of stimulation are needed to address subject-specific gait deviations. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a FES system with increased stimulation options during walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Three physical therapists designed individualized stimulation programs for six children with CP to target participant-specific gait deviations. Stimulation settings (pulse duration and current) were tuned to each participant. Participants donned our custom FES system that utilized gait phase detection to control stimulation to lower extremity muscle groups and walked on a treadmill at a self-selected speed. Motion capture data were collected during walking with and without the individualized stimulation program. Eight gait metrics and associated timing were compared between walking conditions. The prescribed participant-specific stimulation programs induced significant change towards typical gait in at least one metric for each participant with one iteration of FES-walking. FES systems with increased stimulation options have the potential to allow the physical therapist to better target the individual’s gait deviations than a one size fits all device.
(Invited) A Continuous, Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma-Water Droplet Reactor for Nitrogen Fixation

Ammonia production via the Haber-Bosch process has a large carbon footprint due to the hydrogen gas feedstock. One possible solution is to use water as the hydrogen source in a process-intensified scheme whereby ammonia is produced by directly reacting nitrogen gas and water. Toward this end, we investigated a catalyst-free, atmospheric-pressure plasma process to continuously produce ammonia from nitrogen gas and atomized water droplets. Through several control experiments, the production of ammonia and other forms of fixed nitrogen were confirmed. By comparing water droplets versus water vapor as a feed to the reactor, it was discovered that the ammonia forms through gas-phase chemistry and the liquid phase does not appear to significantly contribute. By comparing hydrogen gas to oxygen gas and water as a feedstock, insights into the reaction mechanism were made. When hydrogen gas was used, no nitrates or nitrites were synthesized as expected, and the ammonia production was comparable to water, indicating similar mechanisms involving feedstock dissociation to atomic hydrogen may be occurring. When oxygen gas was used, no ammonia or nitrates/nitrites were detected, which suggests that water provides a unique reaction pathway for nitric and nitrous acid to form in the gas phase. Our study demonstrates that simple nitrogen gas and water droplets can serve as feeds in a plasma process for the sustainable and distributed production of ammonia or other fixed nitrogen compounds.
Situational Awareness: Forecasting Successful Military Medical Teams.

INTRODUCTION Military healthcare providers working in military interprofessional healthcare teams (MIHTs) require situational awareness (SA) to ensure safe and efficacious patient care. This study aimed to explore SA in MIHTs to understand how SA can be reinforced and maintained in MIHTs. The research team set out to answer two questions: "What aspects of individual and team SA are particularly important for MIHTs?" and "How can we enable military healthcare providers to be effective MIHTs members with robust SA?". METHODS This study used Grounded Theory methodology collecting perspectives from 30 study participants from various backgrounds, including 11 different healthcare professions from the U.S. Army, Air Force, and Navy. Each study participant had experiences participating in, leading one, or leading many MIHTs. Data were collected in three cycles and analyzed within each cycle until saturation was reached. RESULTS Five themes were robustly represented in the data set regarding SA: (1) contextually informed adaptability, (2) readiness, (3) trust, (4) communication, and (5) mission focus. CONCLUSIONS The urgency often faced by MIHTs brings SA and the principles that underpin SA into sharper focus. The SA themes identified in this research may provide insight into training effectiveness, team strengths and weaknesses, and team performance.
Using Natural-Language Knowledge Sources in Speech Recognition

High accuracy speech recognition requires a language model, to specify what word sequences are possible or at least likely. Standard n-gram language models for speech recognition ignore linguistic structures, but more linguistically sophisticated language models are possible. Unification grammars are widely used in natural languageand these can be compiled into non-left-recursive context-free grammars that can then be used in realtime speech recognizers by dynamically expanding them into state-transition networks. A hybrid language model incorporating both a unification grammar and n-gram statistics has been shown to increase speech recognition accuracy. Probabilistic context-free grammars and probabilistic unification grammars are also possible.
Hot Pursuit into Indian Country: What Are the Limits?

This paper analyzes the extent of state officers' power to engage in hot pursuit of tribal members alleged to have committed crimes off the reservation.
Physically equivalent magneto-electric nanoarchitecture for probabilistic reasoning

Probabilistic machine intelligence paradigms such as Bayesian Networks (BNs) are widely used in critical real-world applications. However they cannot be employed efficiently for large problems on conventional computing systems due to inefficiencies resulting from layers of abstraction and separation of logic and memory. We present an unconventional nanoscale magneto-electric machine paradigm, architected with the principle of physical equivalence to efficiently implement causal inference in BNs. It leverages emerging straintronic magneto-tunneling junctions in a novel mixed-signal circuit framework for direct computations on probabilities, while blurring the boundary between memory and computation. Initial evaluations, based on extensive bottom-up simulations, indicate up to four orders of magnitude inference runtime speedup vs. best-case performance of 100-core microprocessors, for BNs with a million random variables. These could be the target applications for emerging magneto-electric devices to enable capabilities for leapfrogging beyond present day computing.
Teaching and Salaries in Social Science: A Research Note†

Objectives Research on the relationship between teaching productivity and base salary is sparse, but tends to find no association. However, the research is based largely on student evaluations (student evaluation of teaching (SET)). No study uses peer review of teaching, which may capture qualities of excellence in teaching missed by SETs. The present study addresses this gap. Methods Data refer to all 70 faculty in the social sciences at a Carnegie research-extensive university. Measures of teaching include peer-review scores, student evaluations, and teaching awards. Controls are incorporated for other predictors of base salary, including research productivity, years of experience, service, and demographics. Results Controlling for the other variables, peer review of teaching was unrelated to base salary. However, each year of experience enhanced salary by $905, each book was associated with $2,309 in salary, and membership in the economics department enhanced salary by $23,076. The full model explained 84 percent of the variation in base salaries. Conclusion Peer review of teaching was no better a predictor of salary than SETs. While excellence in teaching is often believed to affect base salary, the present analysis finds no evidence that this is the case. Future work is needed to assess the association in other organizational contexts.
Transmission of Signals With Complex Constellations Using Millimeter-Wave Spatially Power-Combined CMOS Power Amplifiers and Digital Predistortion

This paper reports the generation, amplification, and radiation of modulated signals at 45 GHz using a single-chip CMOS power amplifier coupled to a 2 $\, \times \,$ 2 antenna array. Using digital predistortion, complex constellations were demonstrated for wide modulation bandwidth, which allows high data rates to be transmitted in a spectrally efficient manner. After predistortion, a 98-MS/s 1024-QAM signal with peak-to-average power ratio of 7 dB was demodulated with an error vector magnitude of 1.3%. The measured equivalent isotropically radiated power was 26.2 dBm. The corresponding average RF power produced by the CMOS chip, considering a simulated antenna gain of 12 dB, was 14.2 dBm.
Effect of Lysozyme on the Recovery of Heated Clostridium botulinum Spores

Lysozyme in the recovery medium increased the recovery of heated spores, thereby raising the measured heat resistance of type E Clostridium botulinum spores about 1,800-fold and type A spores up to 3-fold.
The Standard Candle Method for Type II Supernovae and the Hubble Constan

The “standard candle method” for Type II plateau supernovae produces a Hubble diagram with a dispersion of 0.3 mag, which implies that this technique can produce distances with a precision of 15%. Using four nearby supernovae with Cepheid distances I find H 0(V )=75±7, and H 0(I)=65±12.