cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species regulation by AIF- and complex I-depleted brain mitochondria

article i nfo Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-deficient harlequin (Hq) mice undergo neurodegeneration associated with a 40-50% reduction in complex I level and activity. We tested the hypothesis that AIF and complex I regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by brain mitochondria. Isolated Hq brain mitochondria oxidizing complex I substrates displayed no difference compared to wild type (WT) in basal ROS production, H2O2 removal, or ROS production stimulated by complex I inhibitors rotenone or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. In contrast, ROS production caused by reverse electron transfer to complex I was attenuated by ∼50% in Hq mitochondria oxidizing the complex II substrate succinate. Basal and rotenone-stimulated rates of H2O2 release from in situ mitochondria did not differ between Hq and WT synaptosomes metabolizing glucose, nor did the level of in vivo oxidative protein carbonyl modifications detected in synaptosomes, brain mitochondria, or homogenates. Our results suggest that AIF does not directly modulate ROS release from brain mitochondria. In addition, they demonstrate that in contrast to ROS produced by mitochondria oxidizing succinate, ROS release from in situ synaptosomal mitochondria or from isolated brain mitochondria oxidizing complex I substrates is not proportional to the amount of complex I. These findings raise the important possibility that complex I contributes less to physiological ROS production by brain mitochondria than previously suggested.
The Old Woman As Meta-Question: A Religionist's Reflections On Nozick's View of the State

The relationship between religion, specifically theology or philosophy of religion and analytic philosophy is here explored in terms of a recent compelling example of the latter discipline. Nozick's theory of the state has significant moral consequences. Thus, though it does not directly deal with religion, it may be taken as an illuminating example of how the use of the analytic method may lead to fundamental and irreconcilable conflicts with philosophizing which proceeds from religious premises. The work of John Rawls is utilized to point up the methodological issue since Rawls is much on Nozick's mind. In Rawls the content of the philosophy is much more acceptable to a biblical view but is, by the rational standards employed by Rawls and Nozick, not warranted. By contrast a specific real case, that of a senile old lady, is used to point up the fundamental commitments of the biblical religionist which lead him, in the author's case, to find Nozick's logically developed position untenable. In the face of admittedly disturbing consequences Nozick changes his ethics. Yet the reason for his conclusions, his rigorous development being accepted, was his premise which was only methodologically validated. The author contends that analytic philosophers not uncommonly make the jump from methodologically taken assumptions to reality claims and wonders why, for example, rather than changing his ethics Nozick does not change his premise. This turns out to be a matter of difficulty of inter-meta-stance discussions and an affirmation of certain biblical, analytically unacceptable premises even if these are philosophically deplored as mere fideism. EUGENE BOROWITZ is Professor of Education and Jewish Religious Thought at Hebrew Union College Jewish Institute of Religion, New York, and chairman of its faculty. He is also the founder and editor of Sh'ma, A Journal of Jewish Responsibility.
Built-In Soft Error Resilience for Robust System Design

Built-in soft error resilience (BISER) is an architecture-aware circuit design technique for correcting soft errors in latches, flip-flops and combinational logic. BISER enables more than an order of magnitude reduction in chip-level soft error rate with minimal area impact, 6-10% chip-level power impact, and 1-5% performance impact (depending on whether combinational logic error correction is implemented or not). In comparison, several traditional error-detection techniques introduce 40-100% power, performance and area penalties, and require significant efforts for designing and validating corresponding recovery mechanisms. In addition, BISER enables system design with configurable soft error protection features. Such features are extremely important for future designs targeting applications with a wide range of power, performance and reliability constraints. Design trade-offs associated with BISER and other existing soft error protection techniques are also analyzed.
Theory of asymmetric and negative differential magnon tunneling under temperature bias: Towards a spin Seebeck diode and transistor

We study the nonequilibrium transport for the asymmetric and negative differential magnon tunneling driven by temperature bias. We demonstrate that the many-body magnon interaction that makes the magnonic spectrum temperature-dependent is the crucial factor for the emergence of rectification and negative differential spin Seebeck effects in magnon tunneling junctions. When magnonic junctions have temperature-dependent density of states, reversing the temperature bias is able to give asymmetric spin currents and increasing temperature bias could give an anomalously decreasing magnonic spin current. We show that these properties are relevant for building spin Seebeck diodes and transistors, which could play important roles in controlling information and energy in magnonics and spin caloritronics.
Costs of producing miscanthus and switchgrass for bioenergy in Illinois

Abstract There is growing interest in using perennial grasses as renewable fuels for generating electricity and for producing bio-ethanol. This paper examines the costs of producing two bioenergy crops, switchgrass and miscanthus, in Illinois for co-firing with coal to generate electricity. A crop-productivity model, MISCANMOD, is used together with a GIS to estimate yields of miscanthus across counties in Illinois. Spatially variable yields, together with county-specific opportunity costs of land, are used to determine the spatial variability in the breakeven farm-gate price of miscanthus. Costs of transporting bioenergy crops to the nearest existing power plant are incorporated to obtain delivered costs of bioenergy. The breakeven delivered cost of miscanthus for an average yield of 35.76 t ha−1 in Illinois is found to be less than two-thirds of the breakeven price of switchgrass with an average yield of 9.4 t ha−1. There is considerable spatial variability in the breakeven farm-gate price of miscanthus, which ranges between 41 and 58 $ t−1 across the various counties in Illinois. This together with differences in the distances miscanthus has to be shipped to the nearest power plant causes variability in the costs of using bioenergy to produce electricity. The breakeven cost of bioenergy for electricity generation ranges from 44 to 80 $ t−1 DM and is considerably higher than the coal energy-equivalent biomass price of 20.22 $ t−1 DM that power plants in Illinois might be willing to pay. These findings imply a need for policies that will provide incentives for producing and using bioenergy crops based on their environmental benefits in addition to their energy content.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance

The relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance is reexamined using a new methodology, improved technique, and industry-specific control groups. Average age of corporate assets is found to be highly correlated with social responsibility ranking. After controlling for this factor, there still is some correlation between corporate social responsibility andfinancial performance.
3-D shape from contour and selective confirmation

Abstract Surface contours are known to convey shape information about an object. The recovery of 3-D shapes from surface contours has been studied by many researches from theoretical points of view. Mathematically speaking, the information available in a single image is always ambiguous. Under certain regularity assumptions, local evidence about the shape of an object can often be derived. However, this local evidence, though rich in amount, is often inconsistent and not precise. A process called “selective confirmation” is proposed to resolve the ambiguities among the local evidence. Properties and extraction procedures of four types of contour are discussed in some detail. Experimental results of contour extraction and region grouping by selective confirmation are also presented.
Viewpoint: is there a secret to their success?

Reports the author’s experience of visiting P&Y Company and its directors in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Indicates that this visit was very useful and in many ways inspiring. Maintains that a combination of foresight, shrewdness, business‐sense and, most importantly, human virtues has contributed to the phenomenal success of this firm.
Attempts to automate client security at virginia commonwealth university

To enhance protection against Internet threats, Virginia Commonwealth University planned to implement Symantec Client Security for all faculty, staff and students. This product integrates antivirus, personal firewall and intrusion detection and allows centralized management of policy configurations, deployment and installation settings for multiple antivirus and security technologies. Presently implementation has been placed on hold while we attempt to address some implementation problems. This poster session will exhibit the problems we have encountered in our efforts to deploy this product as a managed client.
A psychological process investigation for the effects of recruitment source and organization information on job survival.

Summary The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological processes for the effects of recruitment source and organization information on newcomers' job survival. Formal sources of recruitment were compared to informal sources, and a model based on the realism and met expectations hypotheses for the effects of information accuracy received from one's recruitment source and the organization on job survival was tested. Employees recruited through informal sources of recruitment (employee referrals, rehires, and self-initiated walk-ins) were found to have greater job survival in comparison to employees recruited through formal sources of recruitment (newspaper and radio advertisement, and posters), and reported receiving more accurate job information from their recruitment source, greater met expectations, and ability to cope. The results of a path analysis indicated that the accuracy of information received from one's recruitment source and the organization was significantly related to several of the hypothesized process variables of the realism hypothesis that are related to subsequent job survival. Further, the results support the met expectations hypothesis as one of the key psychological processes underlying the relationship between information accuracy and job survival. The implications for future research and practice are discussed from an information acquisition perspective that integrates the literature on recruitment sources and socialization.
Thermal grooving, thermotransport and electrotransport in doped and undoped thin gold films

Abstract Thin gold films, undoped and doped with sodium or indium, were deposited onto quartz glass substrates. In order to separate the contributions of thermal grooving, thermomigration and electromigration to structural evolution and hole formation, series of samples were subjected to three treatments: (1) an isothermal anneal which produces only thermal grooving; (2) application of an a.c. which sets up temperature gradients and potentially produces thermal grooving and thermotransport; (3) application of a d.c. which potentially induces thermal grooving, thermotransport and electrotransport. Examination of the resulting samples with transmission optical, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy revealed that (1) all three mechanisms may contribute significantly to hole formation in undoped films (2) addition of indium stabilizes the as-deposited grain size, minimizes thermal grooving but promotes hole formation by the other two mechanisms and (3) addition of sodium greatly enhances grain boundary grooving, promotes early failure in a.c.-stressed samples and results in hole formation at the anode under a d.c. These results do not provide a rationalization of the reversal in the site of hole formation in d.c.-stressed sodium-doped gold films in comparison with the “normal” behavior exemplified in undoped gold films. Three possible mechanisms are suggested which might explain this observed reversal in failure site.
Alterations in muscarinic K+ channel response to acetylcholine and to G protein-mediated activation in atrial myocytes isolated from failing human hearts.

BACKGROUNDA variety of previous studies have demonstrated reduced diastolic potential and electrical activity in atrial specimens from patients with heart disease. Although K+ channels play a major role in determining resting membrane potential and repolarization of the action potential, little is known about the effects of preexisting heart disease on human atrial K+ channel activity.METHODS AND RESULTSWe characterized the inwardly rectifying K+ channel (IKI) and the muscarinic K+ channel [IK(ACh)] in atrial myocytes isolated from patients with heart failure (HF) and compared electrophysiological characteristics with those from donors (control) by the patch-clamp technique. Resting membrane potentials of isolated atrial myocytes from HF were more depolarized (-51.1 +/- 9.7 mV, mean +/- SD, n = 30 patients) than those from donors (-73.0 +/- 7.2 mV, n = 4 patients, P < .001). The action potential duration in HF was longer than that in donors. Although acetylcholine (ACh) shortened the action potential, red...
Zero-temperature relaxation of three-dimensional Ising ferromagnets

We investigate the properties of the Ising-Glauber model on a periodic cubic lattice of linear dimension $L$ after a quench to zero temperature. The resulting evolution is extremely slow, with long periods of wandering on constant energy plateaus, punctuated by occasional energy-decreasing spin-flip events. The characteristic time scale $\ensuremath{\tau}$ for this relaxation grows exponentially with the system size; we provide a heuristic and numerical evidence that $\ensuremath{\tau}~\mathrm{exp}({L}^{2})$. For all but the smallest-size systems, the long-time state is almost never static. Instead, the system contains a small number of ``blinker'' spins that continue to flip forever with no energy cost. Thus, the system wanders ad infinitum on a connected set of equal-energy blinker states. These states are composed of two topologically complex interwoven domains of opposite phases. The average genus ${g}_{L}$ of the domains scales as ${L}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, with $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\approx}1.7$; thus, domains typically have many holes, leading to a ``plumber's nightmare'' geometry.
Ordered Two- and Three-Dimensional Arrays Self-Assembled from Water-Soluble Nanocrystal–Micelles

shows only a small loss of nitrogen (≈8 %) after irradiation with 40 mC cm. A change of the N 1s binding energy could not be detected since the chemical shifts of cyano and amino N 1s signals are virtually identical. [31] R. Tacke, J. Becht, A. Lopez-Mras, J. Sperlich, J. Organomet. Chem. 1993, 446, 1. [32] A. W. Grant, Q.-H. Hu, B. Kasemo, Nanotechnology 2004, 15, 1175. [33] K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, A. A. Firsov, Science 2004, 306, 666.
Normal coordinate analysis of the molybdenum—oxygen stretching frequencies in the infrared and Raman spectra of 16O- and 18O-dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes

Abstract The Raman and i.r. spectra of the dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes, MoO2[NH2CH2C(CH3)2S]2, 1, MoO2[CH3NHCH2C(CH3)2S]2, 2, MoO2[(CH3)2NCH2C(CH3)2S]2, 3, and MoO2[(SCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2], 4, have been investigated in the region of the MoO2 stretching frequencies. 18O substitutions for the oxygen atoms in these complexes gave rise to complicated patterns in their vibrational spectra. A normal coordinate analysis has been applied to interpret the vibrational modes of complex 1 in terms of coupling the symmetric and antisymmetric OMoO stretches. Where the O atoms are inequivalent, the frequency differences between pairs of coupled modes varied with the site(s) of the isotopic substitution(s). The particular pattern of frequency differences was then used to aid in the spectral assignments of the remaining complexes.
Full Life-Cycle Analysis of Electric Power Enterprise Device Management

ntroduction of full life-cycle cost theory based on the current power enterprise device management status, and build its accounting model, analysis of the main factors to affect the life cycle cost of the equipment from the four aspects of the design mechanism, tender, maintenance, basic database and proposes the application of full-theory of life cycle costs for equipment management suggestions.
Stresses in a Perforated Wedge

This paper presents a method of solution for an infinite wedge containing a symmetrically located circular hole. The solution is formulated separately according to the given in-plane edge tractions being even or odd with respect to the axis of the wedge. In either case, the stress function is constructed as the sum of four parts of biharmonic functions, two in the form of integrals and the other two in the form of series, in addition to a basic stress function for an otherwise unperforated wedge. The four parts as a whole give no traction along the edges and no stress at infinity of the wedge. Together with the basic stress function, the boundary conditions of no traction at the rim of hole are adjusted. Complex expressions are used in adjusting the boundary conditions. Finally, numerical examples are given for illustration.
A connection-oriented telecommunications disaster management model using mobile GIS

Mobile Geographic Information Systems are a versatile extension of traditional GIS and can provide GIS data between the field and the office. This paper addresses the challenges imposed on telecommunications infrastructure management by disaster events. MGIS are presented as tools that provide meaningful real-time communication between field workers and management.
pH sensor based on swellable poly(3-nitro-4-hydroxystrene) microspheres in a hydrogel

A new polymer material for pH sensing is described in this work. The optically sensitive membranes consists of lightly crosslinked poly(3-nitro-4-hydroxystyrene) microspheres embedded in a hydrogel matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The microspheres are designed to swell and shrink as a function of hydrogen ion concentration accompanying the deprotonation and protonation of the hydroxyl group on the polymer backbone. The optical properties of the membranes are affected by both the change in size of the microspheres and the change in refractive index that accompanies swelling. These properties can be measured as a change in membrane turbidity at the interface between the polymer particle and the hydrogel matrix by a spectrophotometer or fiber optic sensor device. Microspheres are prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization of 4-acetoxystyrene followed by hydrolysis and nitration to introduce the nitro-phenol functional groups. The magnitude of the change in turbidity with pH changes were studies. Other parameters such as loading of the particles and ionic strength effects were also studied.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Psychiatric and Social Attributes as Predictors of Case Outcome in Mental Hospitalization

constantly be made about readiness for discharge based upon reasonably efficient criteria of outcome. The difficulty in predicting posthospital adjustment derives in part from the lack of understanding of the etiology of most of the mental diseases. It also derives to a considerable extent, however, from the variety and diversity of objective and subjective factors-prehospital, hospital and posthospital-which seem to play some role, singly and in combination, in determining posthospital success and failure and adequacy of functioning. These formidable obstacles, fortunately, have not prevented researchers from investigating prehospital, and posthospital variables as they may relate to case outcome. Simmons and Freeman suggest, by implication, that psychiatric and other medical aspects are less important in determining case outcome than are the attitudes of relatives to whom the patient is returned.' Brown has found that the type of living arrangement to which patients were returned was the most significant factor in their success or failure.2 Others have reasoned that the nature
Modeling, monitoring and control strategies for high temperature short time pasteurization systems — 2. Lethality-based control

Abstract A lethality-based control system was designed to provide accurate control of a high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurizer and to process milk products with a lethality equivalent of 161 °F (71.67 °C) or above for 15 s. This control system provides significant flexibility in operating the process and optimizing functional properties of the food components. Multivariable control of an HTST pasteurizer is implemented by using product total lethality to determine the controller set-points. The equation that relates the temperature and flow rate combinations to the product total lethality, 161 °F (71.67 °C), 15 s, was modified to permit overprocessing levels specified by plant personnel. By using this equation and the set-point value selected for the other variable, set-point values for the temperature or the flow rate controller were computed. The flow and temperature controllers are integrated into a real-time monitoring and control system. The monitoring and control system includes the multivariable controller, the lethality rate calculation module, statistical monitoring of the total lethality, product flow rate, hot water outlet temperature, and holding tube exit temperature measurements, and the display screens for visual inspection of the monitoring tools. This study attempted to achieve compliance of the HTST process operation with the recommended Pasteurized Milk Ordinance by providing a margin between the alarm limits of the monitoring chart and the safety limits.
A complex that contains proteins binding to the PSE and TATA sites in a human U6 small nuclear RNA promoter

The proximal promoter of a human U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-encoding gene contains two separate elements, the proximal sequence element (PSE) and the TATA box. We investigated the interaction of the PSE- and TATA-binding proteins (PBP and TBP) with normal and mutant U6 proximal promoters using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We detected a complex containing both PBP and TBP bound to the wild-type U6 promoter. Efficient formation of the triple complex was dependent on the presence of the PSE and the TATA box on the template DNA. Mutant U6 promoters containing an increased spacing between the PSE and TATA box of 5 or 10 bp were impaired in the ability to form a complex that includes TBP. We infer from these results that PBP and TBP interact when their binding sites are properly positioned in a U6 gene promoter.
Effect of Corn Oil and Casein on the Antimicrobial Activity of Phenolic Antioxidants

Several inhibitory concentrations of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) were tested against five microorganisms in the presence of 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% (v/v) of a lipid, corn oil, or 0, 3, 6 and 9% (w/v) of a protein, casein. In all cases, casein depressed, but did not abolish, the antimicrobial activity of BHA. However, corn oil virtually eliminated the antimicrobial properties of lethal doses of BHA. In contrast, TBHQ was affected much less by the food components than BHA, retaining considerable antimicrobial activity in most cases except with Staphylococcus aureus.
The clinical course of intra-abdominal desmoid tumours in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Objective Desmoid tumours are benign growths of fibro-aponeurotic tissue that are rare in the general population but pose problems in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Many reports of patients with desmoid tumours are unhelpful because of small numbers, inclusion of patients with and without FAP, failure to separate tumours in different sites and use of a wide variety of treatment combinations. The purpose of this study was to avoid some of these deficiencies by reviewing the clinical course of a large number of patients, all of whom have intra-abdominal desmoids and FAP. Patients and methods The medical records of patients with intra-abdominal desmoids treated at this institution were identified through the database in the David G. Jagelman FAP Registry and reviewed. Only patients who received all or part of their treatment at the Cleveland Clinic were included. Protocols for desmoid follow up call for periodic measurement of the dimensions of the tumour, either by clinical examination or on computed tomography (CT) scan. The interval between examinations ranges from 3 months to 2 years, depending on the presence of symptoms and the rate at which the tumour is growing. A change in greatest diameter of >50% is deemed significant growth or regression. Results Seventy patients with intra-abdominal desmoid tumours in the setting of FAP were identified. Mean age at desmoid diagnosis was 31 years; there were 24 men and 46 women. A family history of desmoids was present in 53% of families known to have FAP. Abdominal wall tumours were also present in 18 patients. Most desmoids presented after surgery (53/70) and multiple tumours were found in 24 patients. The commonest presentation of desmoid tumours was as an abdominal mass. One third of patients had no symptoms at presentation. Treatment included surgery (32), medicine (41) chemotherapy (10) and radiation (4). Eleven patients received no treatment. At the time of review 12 patients were dead (11 from desmoids), 15 were symptomatic and 41 asymptomatic. In seven cases the desmoid disappeared, two spontaneously, two after excision, and three after chemotherapy. Thirty-four patients were being treated at the time of review, 29 with sulindac. Conclusion The outcome in these cases shows that most intra-abdominal desmoid tumours in FAP are indolent mass lesions that may vary a little in size and do not cause serious harm to the patient. Medical treatments are usually ineffective; surgery is at best unwise and at worst the cause of disastrous complications. A small proportion of desmoids grow rapidly and usually lead to the patient's death. For these patients, anti-sarcoma type chemotherapy is the only hope.
Efficient testing of off-axis aspheres with test plates and computer-generated holograms

Off axis aspheric surfaces, such as individual segments for a telescope mirror, and surfaces that do not have any optical axis are traditionally difficult to test. In addition to difficulties controlling the aspheric shape, mirror segments have tight on radius of curvature and optical axis position. This paper presents a new method of measuring these surfaces that uses a test plate with a spherical reference surface, in combination with a small computer generated hologram to compensate the aspheric departure. The example for measuring 1.8-m segments of a 10-m primary mirror is given.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
P53 suppresses expression of the 14-3-3gamma oncogene

Background 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved proteins that are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Recent evidence indicates that some of these proteins have oncogenic activity and that they may promote tumorigenesis. We previously showed that one of the 14-3-3 family members, 14-3-3gamma, is over expressed in human lung cancers and that it can induce transformation of rodent cells in vitro.
Boundary-layer trade-wind profile and stress on a tropical windward coast

Under persistent onshore trade-wind conditions, the wind profile was measured in the surface layer on a mud flat of the tidal stream of Estero de Data, Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. It was found that the logarithmic wind relation fitted the observations very well and that the inferred shear velocity was a linear function of wind speed in the range of wind velocity studied.
Paying the professoriate: a global comparison of compensation and contracts

Paying the professoriate: a global comparison of compensation and contracts, edited by Philip G. Altbach, Liz Reisberg, Maria Yudkevich, Gregory Androushchak and Ivan F. Pacheco, New York, Routledg...
Entropy and irreversibility in a dilute gas of hard disks

The partition of the canonical entropy (invariant of motion) into a thermodynamic part 5th and a nonthermodynamic oneSnonth, respectively increasing and decreasing functions of time for a system approaching equilibrium, was proposed by Prigogine and co-workers. This viewpoint is critically examined in the special case of an initially uncorrelated gas of hard disks. BothSth and the leading term ofSnonth are evaluated for finite assemblies of 400,1600, and 6400 disks, by the method of molecular dynamics. There is good evidence that, in the limit of an infinite system, the Prigogine scheme is verified.
Chronic administration of and dependence on halazepam, diazepam, and nordiazepam in the dog

Abstract Halazepam administered chronically to dogs in oral doses of 180 and 450 mg/kg/day produced physical dependence which was revealed by a flumazenil precipitated abstinence syndrome and measured by the Nordiazepam Precipitated Abstinence Scale score (NPAS) (McNicholas et al., 1988; Sloan et al., 1990). This abstinence as measured by the NPAS score was more severe in diazepam- and halazepam-dependent than in nordiazepam-dependent dogs whereas the incidence of precipitated clonic seizures was greater in the diazepam- and nordiazepam-dependent than in the halazepam-dependent dogs. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that in the dog the major conversion of halazepam, like diazepam, was to nordiazepam and an oxazepam conjugate. Appreciable quantities of oxazepam, 3-OH halazepam and its conjugated metabolite were also identified in plasma. The NPAS score obtained in the halazepam-dependent dogs, however, was greater than the NPAS score obtained in nordiazepamdependent dogs who had nordiazepam plasma levels over three times higher than those obtained in the halazepam-dependent dogs. Further, the precipitated abstinence observed in the halazepam-, diazepam- and nordiazepam-dependent dogs differed in qualitative as well as in quantitative aspects including marked differences in the time course of abstinence signs. These data argue that the different dependencies produced by halazepam, diazepam and nordiazepam are not due solely to either the parent compound or to a single metabolite but most likely to their combined effects.
Splitting of atom-cavity polariton peaks for three-level atoms in an optical cavity

We explore the high-density, nonlinear regime of atom-cavity coupling for a gas of three-level atoms at high temperature inside an optical cavity, interacting with the cavity field and a strong driving field. We find a region of parameters where the two side peaks in the transmission spectrum which, in the linear regime, are associated with “bright polaritons” split into two pairs of peaks. Experimental results are presented along with a theoretical model that indicates that this phenomenon is unique to the three-level system in the large Dopplerbroadening regime.
Sharing of SRAM Tables Among NPN-Equivalent LUTs in SRAM-Based FPGAs

This article introduces a novel lookup table (LUT) and its usage in the configurable logic block (CLB) architectures for SRAM-based field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architectures. The proposed CLB allows sharing of SRAM tables of LUTs among NPN-equivalent functions to reduce the size of memories used for storing the functions and also reduces the number of configuration bits required. We measured many different characteristics of FPGAs using our new CLB architecture, including area, delay, routing, and power requirements. We experimentally found that for many different FPGA architectures, CLBs can share one-fourth of their SRAM tables between two basic logic elements (BLEs), which reduced both power consumption and area without negatively affecting routing or wirelength, and there was only a negligible increase in critical path delay of 0.27%. Specifically, we find that FPGAs consisting of CLBs with 16 BLEs and 34 inputs can be implemented with eight normal SRAMs and four SRAMs shared between two BLEs, for an overall reduction of four out of sixteen SRAM tables per CLB. With this new CLB architecture, we measured an approximate reduction in overall power consumption of 2% and an estimated reduction in area of 3%
Core verbal working-memory capacity: The limit in words retained without covert articulation

Verbal working memory may combine phonological and conceptual units. We disentangle their contributions by extending a prior procedure (Chen & Cowan, 2005) in which items recalled from lists of previously seen word singletons and of previously learned word pairs depended on the list length in chunks. Here we show that a constant capacity of about 3 chunks holds across list lengths and list types, provided that covert phonological rehearsal is prevented. What remains is a core verbal working-memory capacity.
Migration Velocity Analysis By Optimization: Linear Theory

shows the results of the hrsl 6 iterations on a scale of velocity versus depth. The results are very encouraging. The undamped inversion problem would be underdetermined, with only 25 sets of picked parameters and 100 layers in the model, so the damping term played an important role. I have only begun testing the inversion algorithm on synthetic data from laterally heterogeneous media. The results are too preliminary to be shown here. but they are encouraging.
Multi-year high latitude mesospheric neutral wind observations using a Fabry–Perot interferometer

Abstract From 1995 to 1999, a Fabry–Perot Interferometer was stationed at Resolute Bay, Canada (75°N, 95°W) to measure the mesospheric neutral winds in the polar cap from the OH nightglow emission during winter seasons. A 12-h wave is the most prominent feature in the neutral winds. The wave amplitude has large day-to-day variations and inter-annual variability, whereas the phase of the wave appears to be largely consistent for year to year. Small phase shift from early winter to later winter was noticed during most of the seasons when early winter data were available. The 12-h wave showed stronger variability during the 1995/1996 winter season, which may be related to nonlinear interactions with planetary waves. Large negative zonal winds were observed during stratospheric sudden warming events.
Advertised Reference Price Effects on Consumer Price Estimates, Value Perception, and Search Intention

Abstract Research suggests that consumers respond to reference prices relative to some internal standards developed from experience. In dispute, however, is whether reference prices that are implausible produce the same effects on consumers as plausible reference prices. The two integrative reference price models available in the literature predict conflicting results, and empirical studies have not provided consistent support for either. Based upon a three-stage study involving prices for tennis shoes and telephones, results of this research support a differential response between plausible and implausible advertised reference price exposure conditions. Findings suggest that implausible prices have no effect on consumer's internal price continuum, perception of value, or intention to search. Furthermore, the findings suggest that plausible reference prices affect a consumer's price continuum differently than previous models predict. The authors discuss these findings, propose a modified reference price model, and provide practical implications for marketers.
Metabolism of ortho-, meta-, and para-toluidine in the adult male rat☆

Abstract The major route of excretion of 14C following the administration of a single oral 50 mg/kg dose of ortho-[methyl-14C]toluidine hydrochloride to male Sprague-Dawley rats was found to be urinary. Greater than 92% of the 14C was eliminated by this route within 24 hr of dosing. After treatment of rats with a single oral 500 mg/kg dose of ortho-, meta-, or para-toluidine, aminomethylphenols were excreted as acid-hydrolyzable conjugates. Two previously unreported urinary metabolites, 2-amino-4-methylphenol from meta-toluidine and 2-amino-5-methylphenol from para-toluidine, were identified in urine hydrolysates. In addition, unchanged toluidine was eliminated in amounts which varied with the isomer: 21% for ortho-; 2.5%, meta-; and 2.5%, para-toluidine. These differences may account for the previously reported observation that only the ortho-isomer causes tumors in the urinary bladder of the rat.
Characterizations of cutting tool flank wear-land contact

Abstract Metal deposition at the tool flank wear-land during machining is a common phenomenon, especially in machining aluminum alloys and annealed steels. The cause of metal deposit has not been studied and the characteristics of the wear-land and deposit contact are not completely known. In this study, a turning test was conducted using tungsten carbide (WC) tools with pre-generated wear-land to machine an aluminum alloy. The WC tools after machining were prepared by metallographic means to expose the cross-section of the interfacial zone. The metallographic samples were analyzed using etching, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive by X-ray analysis, and microhardness testing. The major findings include the following. The metal deposit is resistant to common etching solutions, shows high carbon and oxygen concentrations, and has a very high hardness, all indicating fine microstructures resulted from the thermomechanical, and possibly chemical, process. The WC at the contact interface has a thin heat-affected zone showing reduced hardness and different microstructures. In addition, the flank wear-land subsurface has a decreased tungsten concentration, but an increased carbon concentration. After removing the metal deposit, the flank wear-land consistently shows two topographically distinct zones when the wear-land is large; one close to the cutting edge has a plastic-contact feature and the other has an elastic-contact feature. No significant difference in terms of microstructures and compositions was identified, except that the plastic-contact zone was softer than the elastic-contact zone.
Is the Velikovsky Era ended

If the question were ‘Is Velikovsky gone?,’ the answer would be yes. Immanuel Velikovsky died last November; but was that the end of an ‘era’? Picture a scientist, born in the 19th century, who obtained degrees in mathematics, medicine, and law, and who through the practice of these varied fields moved into psychology. He made a final progression toward history and religion that resulted in the creation of a sort of broad synthesis of ideas of the history of the earth and planets. These events may mark an era in themselves, but the era in question and of relevance to geophysics is the one during which Velikovsky's published work ran counter to conventional thought by interjecting events of astronomy, paleontology, and religion to the historical record of man.
An Application of the W.K.B. Method to the Cohesive Energy of Monovalent Metals

A new method is developed which, within the limits of the spherical cell approximation first presented by Wigner and Seitz, will permit the evaluation of the cohesive energy, lattice constant, and compressibility of a monovalent metallic solid without the explicit computation of a central field for the atom. Analytic formulas for approximate solid state wave functions are produced in the region outside the atomic core by utilizing Imai's form of the W.K.B. method with the phase constant determined explicitly in terms of the known quantum defect of the free atom. These wave functions are applied to the determination of the minimum ground state energy in the alkali metals and of the sphere radius at which this occurs as functions of the quantum defects of the free atoms. These functions, when applied to Fr\"ohlich's semi-empirical formula, yield a rapid and accurate method for the computation of the ground-state energy as a function of sphere radius.
Age and skin structure and function, a quantitative approach (I): blood flow, pH, thickness, and ultrasound echogenicity.

Background/purpose: The aging process has been studied with fervor recently, given our shifting demographics. Since age's effects are so manifest in skin's appearance, structure, mechanics, and barrier function, it is not surprising that much effort has been placed in research to better understand them. Quantitative measurements permitted by bioengineering have allowed us to objectively and precisely study aging skin. These overviews piece together the immense amounts of information that have emerged from recent technological advances in dermatological research in order to develop a unified understanding of the quantitative effects of age on the skin. Methods: We performed a literature on age-related changes in blood flow, pH, skin thickness, and ultrasound imaging data, searching Pub-med, Em-Base, Science Citation Index, and the UCSF dermatological library's collection of books on the topic of aging skin. Results: Despite the many tools and techniques available for quantitative analysis of skin, age studies are often conflicting, especially in the areas of blood flow and skin thickness. Trends indicate that blood flow may decrease with age, especially in sites exposed to the environment. pH apparently varies little until the age of 70, after which it declines. Skin thickness data are difficult to interpret; while the stratum corneum is generally accepted to maintain its thickness during aging, dermal, epidermal, and whole skin thickness changes are controversial. Ultrasound reveals the appearance of a subepidermal low echogenic band that thickens with age, especially in environmentally exposed areas. Some studies also indicate the presence of an echogenic band in the lower dermis which thins with increased age. However, the whole dermis appears to become more echogenic in elderly people. Conclusion: Much remains to be done if we are to reach consensus on the effects of age on skin structure and function. Future studies would be benefited by increased standardization of skin sites tested, methodology, and increased sample size.
Thinking Outside the Clocks: The Effect of Layered-Task Time on the Creative Climate of Meetings

The turbulence of the new economy puts demands on organizations to respond rapidly, flexibly and creatively to changing environments. Meetings are one of the organizational sites in which organizational actors “do” creativity; interaction in groups can be an important site for generating creative ideas and brainstorming. Additionally, Blount (2004) demonstrated the importance of organizational temporalities for group performance. We draw on both of these literatures and examine how temporal structures influence the climate for creativity, or the extent to which creativity is fostered, within groups. Specifically, we develop a hypothesis linking organization- and job-level temporal structures to the extent to which managers structure meetings with a climate supportive of creativity. Our results demonstrate that a nuanced relationship exists between temporal structures and creative climate such that certain temporal structures appear to either enhance or decrease the creative climate of meetings. We end with a discussion of the implications of the findings for management.
Intrinsic supersmoothness of multivariate splines

We show that many spaces of multivariate splines possess additional smoothness (supersmoothness) at certain faces where polynomial pieces join together. This phenomenon affects the dimension and interpolating properties of splines spaces. The supersmoothness is caused by the geometry of the underlying partition.
New trends in diagnostic investigations in poisoned patients

Evaluating a suspected poisoning or drug overdose provides a special challenge to clinicians. Prompt diagnosis in these cases allows the choice of an appropriate antidote or, more commonly, the provision of appropriate supportive care. On the basis of fictional portrayals in the popular media, many have the misconception that just ‘sending a sample to the lab’ will provide the answers to these clinical quandaries.
Personality traits of black belt karate instructors

Forty-five male, advanced black belt karate instructors were administered the CPI and their responses compared with high achieving and low achieving college students. The responses of the three groups were subjected to a univariate analysis of variance in which the 18 subscales of the CPI dependent variables. Matching was on age, sex and educational level. Karate instructors were more alike than different from college students. No unusual or bizarre features were noted in either of the three group profiles studied.
Cultural values and the decision to circumcise.

Circumcision is no longer recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. However, in the United States, circumcision still prevails. This paper reports a qualitative research study that identifies variables which influence the decision to circumcise the male newborn. A cultural decision-making model is presented that predicts and explains decision-making pathways taken by individuals. The value of this model lies in the opportunity for the nurse to assess and intervene based on client knowledge as well as cultural values.
Current-voltage relation for a field ionizing He beam detector

Emerging interest in utilizing the transverse coherence properties of thermal energy atomic and molecular beams motivates the development of ionization detectors with near unit detection efficiency and adequate spatial resolution to resolve interference fringes of submicron dimension. We demonstrate that a field ionization tip coupled to a charged particle detector meets these requirements. We have systematically studied the current-voltage relationship for field ionization of helium using tungsten tips in diffuse gas and in a supersonic helium beam. For all 16 tips used in this study, the dependence of ion current on voltage for tips of fixed radius was found to differ from that for tips held at constant surface electric field. A scaling analysis is presented to explain this difference. Ion current increased on average to the 2.8 power of voltage for a tip at fixed field and approximately fifth power of voltage for fixed radius for a liquid nitrogen cooled tip in room temperature helium gas. For the heli...
Parallel synthesis of prostaglandin E1 analogues.

The first demonstration of the rapid parallel synthesis of diverse prostaglandin derivatives is reported. Upper (α-) side chain diversity was introduced to core 1 via the parallel Suzuki coupling of hydroborated alkenes. Conversion to the enones 3 and 9 was followed by the addition of the lower (ω-) side chains as higher-order cuprates 4. Upper side chains incorporating an N-acylsulfonamide protecting group were further transformed into prostaglandin amide analogues. Cleavage from support with HF/pyridine followed by scavenging provided 26 prostaglandin E1 analogues in high purity.