cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An oxygen dependent current in Aplysia neurons: An approach to the question of cellular hypoxic adaptation

Abstract 1. Specimens of Aplysia californica and Aplysia dactylomela were exposed to seawater of P o 2 20–40 torr for 15–25 hr. 2. Abdominal ganglia from both normoxic and hypoxic animals were monitored by recording membrane potential and by voltage clamping while oxygen concentration was varied. 3. These neurons exhibited an oxygen-dependent outward membrane current that was found to represent activity of the sodium-potassium pump. 4. Clamp-current response could be plotted reproducibly as a function of P o 2 . 5. Although the response of the hypoxic animals did not differ significantly from that of the normoxic animals, the technique appeared sufficiently accurate that it might be useful as a measure of cellular hypoxic adaptation in more rapidly metabolizing neurons.
Lawyering in Place: Topographies of Practice and Pleadings in Pittsburgh, 1775-1895

Even in the digital age, lawyering is always located. Lawyers live and work in physical space, and they deal with other lawyers and with clients who also have at least some measure of physicalized existence. Distracted and ofttimes overwhelmed by written records, legal historians have traditionally paid little attention to the physical environment of lawyering, but under the influence of contemporary cultural factors this is beginning to change. Indeed, in light of recent works on American, English and even ancient law it may be time to recognize the birth pangs of a new interdisciplinary field that we might label “legal topography”, or the study of law in place. Part geography, part architecture, part art, part rhetoric, part anthropology, part psychology, and part performance studies, legal topography would examine how professional constructions and public perceptions of law are literally shaped by the conditions and dynamics of place, and how those in turn reflect changing historical understandings of law and lawyering. This article probes some of the parameters of legal topography in exploring lawyering in place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, over a formative period of 120 years, from 1775 to 1895, tracing the shift of lawyering's locus in that quintessential American city from colonial fort and tavern to purpose-built courthouses and the first modern skyscrapers. The article was originally written for a special University of Pittsburgh Law Review symposium on Pittsburgh legal history, appropriately entitled "The Steel Bar: Pittsburgh Lawyers Forging America from the Frontier to the Future."
Alteration in Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid, Ribonucleic Acid, Proteins, and Amino Acids in Brain of Rats Fed High and Low Phenylalanine Diets

Extract: The effects of excess phenylalanine and deprivation of this amino acid on brain weight, ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), protein, and amino acid composition have been studied in the young rat.
Benefits of Physical Fitness Training in Healthy Aging and Neurogenic Patient Populations

Abstract Purpose: In recent years, research has identified a positive connection between physical fitness and exercise, and cognitive performance in healthy aging (e.g., Colcombe & Kramer, 2003) as...
In Vitro Regeneration of Turkish Endemic Trifolium Pannonicum JACQ. Subsp. Elongatum (Willd)

ABSTRACTThe study reports in vitro regeneration of an important forage and hay plant Trifolium pannonicum JACQ. subsp. elongatum (WILLD.) which is endemic to Turkey and is popularly used by the Anatolian people as traditional forage. The study was carried out primarily to aid in the development of an efficient micro-propagation method to assist breeding using hypocotyl, cotyledon node and cotyledon base as explants. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (100%) and number of shoots per explant (20.33) with shoot length of 3.50 cm were recorded from hypocotyl explants on MS medium containing 1 mg/l BAP-0.4 mg/l a- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Rooting was achieved by culturing the shoots on MS medium containing different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Maximum frequency of rooting was recorded on MS medium containing 0.5 or 0.75 mg/l IBA. These plants were transferred to pots and acclimatized in the greenhouse, where they flowered and set seed.
Oculoplastic applications of botulinum toxin

Commercially available preparations of botulinum toxin have been used for a wide variety of diseases. In many instances, it has supplanted other therapeutic modalities to become the first line of therapy. We review the pharmacologic properties of botulinum toxin, the indications for use in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, the potential adverse effects associated with the use of the toxin and the future of therapy directed at chemodenervation.
Recommendation Technologies: Survey of Current Methods and Possible Extensions

The paper presents a survey of the field of recommender systems anddescribes current recommendation methods that are usually classified into thefollowing three main categories: content-based, collaborative, and hybridrecommendation approaches. The paper also describes various limitations ofcurrent recommendation methods and discusses possible extensions that canimprove recommendation capabilities. These extensions include, among others,improvement of understanding of users and items, incorporation of the contextualinformation into the recommendation process, support for multi-criteria ratings,and provision of more flexible and less intrusive types of recommendations.
A Comprehensive Study on Nanomechanical Properties of Various SiO2-Based Dielectric Films

This paper studies the nanomechanical properties, including hardness and Young's modulus (both in a dry condition and in deionized water), fracture toughness, cohesive strength and scratch resistance of eight commonly used SiO2-based dielectric films, Boron Phosphosilicate Glass (BPSG), BPSG with Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP), Phosphosilicate Glass (PSG), Spin-On Dielectric (SOD), Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS), high aspect ratio oxide (O3-TEOS), High Density Plasma Oxide (HDP), and Silane Oxide. Significant differences were found among these films. The effects of the nanomechanical properties on dielectric film reliability and CMP process are discussed.
Traveling Pulse Solutions for the Discrete FitzHugh–Nagumo System

The existence of fast traveling pulses of the discrete FitzHugh–Nagumo equation is obtained in the weak-recovery regime. This result extends to the spatially discrete setting the well-known theorem that states that the FitzHugh–Nagumo PDE exhibits a branch of fast waves that bifurcates from a singular pulse solution. The key technical result that allows for the extension to the discrete case is the Exchange Lemma that we establish here for functional differential equations of mixed type.
The politicization of education: Identity formation in Moldova and Transnistria

Abstract This article examines how education, linguistic and citizenship policies have influenced the development of Moldovan identity and relations with the breakaway region of Transnistria. The article explores the influence of three specific education policies (Russian language instruction, an integrated history course and Romanian language school closures in Transnistria) on the debate concerning Moldovan identity and ultimately Moldovan statehood. The Romanian language school closures in Transnistria demonstrate that education is not only an important agent of identity formation, but also that such crude political tactics as school closures ultimately affect other education policies, reinforce negative stereotypes and make meaningful dialogue impossible. The larger issue than the school closures in Transnistria is whether devolution of authority on issues such as education policy is possible no matter how autonomy is granted.
Line‐Profile resist development simulation techniques

The relative advantages and disadvantages of three different algorithms are compared for simulating the time evolution of two-dimensional line-edge profiles produced by a locally rate dependent surface etching phenomenon. Simulated profiles typical of optical projection printing and electron-beam and X-ray lithography of micron-sized lines in resist and etching of ion-implanted SiO2 are used as a basis of comparison. One of the algorithms is a cell-by-cell removal model used earlier by Neureuther and Dill. One of the newly developed algorithms employs ray tracing; it can be shown that the path followed by a point on a front between the developed and undeveloped regions can be calculated using ray-optic equations. The other new algorithm uses a string of points initially on the surface of the exposed resist. The points on the string advance perpendicular to the local direction of the string; with time the string of points moves down into the resist, replicating the action of a developer. We compare the computing cost, convenience, and accuracy of the algorithms.
Wideband photonic compressive sampling analog-to-digital converter for RF spectrum estimation

Experimental results of multi-signal unambiguous frequency identification and bandwidth reconstruction are demonstrated using an average sampling rate that is more than an order of magnitude less than the uniform rate dictated by traditional Nyquist sampling.
Minimally Invasive Techniques for the Posterior Cervical Spine: Foraminal Decompression and Instrumented Fusion

Minimally invasive surgical techniques have been adopted to treat conditions in the posterior cervical spine. Through specialized tubular retraction systems and proper technique, multilevel posterior cervical foraminal decompression and instrumented fusion can be accomplished though a single incision. In this report we describe the techniques to perform both cervical foraminotomy and lateral mass fixation at 3 or more levels through an expanding tubular retractor. Complications may include inadequate decompression, poor placement of instrumentation, neurologic injury, or iatrogenic postoperative instability. Preoperative planning and careful technique can help avoid specific complications related to tubular access and poor visualization. The surgeon must always be prepared to convert to a traditional open procedure if an adequate decompression and/or fusion cannot be performed because of difficulties related to visualization, distorted anatomy, or improper access.
Volatiles, color, and lipid oxidation of broiler breast fillets irradiated before and after cooking.

Abstract Chicken breast fillets were equally divided into three groups. One group was vacuum packaged, cooked in a water bath (cooked-in-bag) at 82 C for 25 min, and then irradiated at 0 or 3 kGy with a linear accelerator (V-C-I). The other two groups were irradiated at 0 or 3.0 kGy in vacuum packaging (V-I-C) or aerobic packaging (A-I-C). After 3 d of storage at 4 C, the irradiated meats were cooked in a water bath (cooked-in-bag) at 82 C for 25 min. After being cooked, meats were repackaged under vacuum and stored at 4 C. Breast fillets were analyzed at 0 and 21 d after cooking and analyzed for lipid oxidation, color, and volatiles. Irradiation accelerated lipid oxidation of breast fillets. Three days of storage of raw meat in aerobic conditions after irradiation had only minor influences on lipid oxidation after cooking. However, irradiation had a significant effect on the volatile production in meat. Dimethyl disulfide, related to irradiation odor, was significantly higher in irradiated fillets than in nonirradiated fillets for V-C-I and V-I-C, whereas it was only slightly higher for A-I-C. Other volatiles, such as 3-methyl butanal and 2-methyl butanal, were also produced in significant amounts after irradiation, especially in V-C-I and V-I-C. These results showed that irradiating cooked meat induced slightly more changes in volatiles than irradiating raw meat and then cooking. The amount of dimethyl disulfide between irradiated and nonirradiated samples for A-I-C was not different, because the dimethyl disulfide produced by irradiation disappeared during the 3 d in aerobic storage before cooking. Color a* value of irradiated fillets was higher than that of nonirradiated fillets. Irradiation also induced color L* and b* value changes. After 3 d of aerobic storage after irradiation of raw meat, the influence of irradiation on color after cooking was reduced. No significant lipid oxidation occurred during storage as shown by the low values for TBA-reactive substances.
Mixed Aggregates of 1-Methoxyallenyllithium with Lithium Chloride

A combined computational and 13C NMR study was used to investigate the formation of mixed aggregates of 1-methoxyallenyllithium and lithium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. The observed and calculated chemical shifts, as well as the calculated free energies of mixed aggregate formation (MP2/6-31+G(d)), are consistent with the formation of a mixed dimer as the major species in solution. Free energies of mixed dimer, trimer, and tetramer formation were calculated by using the B3LYP and MP2 methods and the 6-31+G(d) basis set. The two methods generated different predictions of which mixed aggregates will be formed, with B3LYP/6-31+G(d) favoring mixed trimers and tetramers in THF solution, and MP2/6-31+G(d) favoring mixed dimers. Formation of the sterically unhindered mixed dimers is also consistent with the enhanced reactivity of these compounds in the presence of lithium chloride. The spectra are also consistent with some residual 1-methoxyallenyllithium tetramer, as well as small amounts of higher mixed aggregates. Although neither computational method is perfect, for this particular system, the calculated free energies derived using the MP2 method are in better agreement with experimental data than those derived using the B3LYP method.
TREATMENT OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY

Initial management of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy is with antiepileptic drugs, but these control seizures in only half the patients. Patients refractory to drugs should be evaluated for resective surgery. That evaluation requires identification of a focus of onset of seizures, as well as establishing that the focus is in an area of the brain that can be removed with a low risk of new neurologic deficits. Techniques used in that evaluation, including electroencephalography, imaging, recording form intracranial electrodes, use of the intracarotid amobarbitol perfusion test, and the role of specialized studies such as positron emission tomography, are reviewed, along with the correlation of the findings on that evaluation to the control of seizures after surgery. The different surgical techniques for temporal lobe resections are also reviewed, along with the risks of surgery, particularly to recent memory, and the changes in quality of life following surgery.
Higher than Physician’s Desk Reference (US) doses on atypical antipsychotics

The Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) was established to provide for the practicing of a complete listing of all medications with the FDA-approved labelling, including dosage recommendations. Perhaps in order to maximise individual usage of medications, pharmaceutical companies have frequently targeted lowest possible doses for FDA approval. However, many patients with a variety of illnesses due to resistance and/or multiple illnesses, may need higher than these dose ranges to maximise therapeutic response. In terms of regularly prescribed atypical antipsychotics released over the past 10 years, only risperidone initially obtained approval for a dose for psychosis (16 mg) higher than that suggested currently (maximum of 8 mg). The dose that was approved for mania was lower: a maximum of 6 mg. The others: respectfully, olanzapine (schizophrenia: 15 mg, mania: 20 mg), quetiapine (schizophrenia: 750 mg; mania: 800 mg), ziprasidone (schizophrenia and mania: 160 mg) and aripiprazole (schizophrenia and mania: 30 mg) obtained approvals for psychosis that may limit adverse events but, at the same time, limit benefits. Other data from various sources (double-blind trials, open-label trials, reviews and case reports) have found safety and/or efficacy for the following maximum doses: olanzapine (40 mg), quetiapine (1600 mg), ziprasidone (320 mg) and aripiprazole (75 mg). Reports above those doses are included, but either are insufficient in numbers or bring up questions on safety. In many situations, feared increase in adverse events were not magnified by use of higher doses.
Factors Associated with Alaska Native Fatal and Nonfatal Suicidal Behaviors 2001–2009: Trends and Implications for Prevention

Suicide rates among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) young people are significantly higher than other ethnic groups in the United States. Not only are there great differences when comparing AI/AN rates and those of other Americans, some tribal groups have very low rates of suicide while other Native communities have much higher rates. Despite this obvious variability, there is little research to help understand the factors associated with these differences. The current study considers the correlates of suicidal behavior in one rural Alaska Native region that suffers disproportionately from suicide. The analysis describes suicide behavior between the years 2001–2009, and considers the characteristics associated with both suicide deaths and nonfatal suicidal behavior. In multivariate analyses we identified gender, method of suicide and history of previous attempt as significant predictors of fatal suicide behavior, similar to results obtained from analyses on the same community's data from the prev...
Age-Related Loss of Adaptability to Fast Time Scales in Motor Variability

We investigated the ability of older adults to intentionally adapt their sensorimotor output to differing time and frequency properties (1/f noise structure) of a target-force target waveform. We tested the hypothesis that elderly adults are less adaptable than their younger counterparts to the time- and frequency-dependent demands of continuous sensorimotor output and that this effect is mediated by the frequency content of the task demand. The results showed that older adults were progressively less able than young adults to approximate the lighter-color-noise force targets and utilize the information in the higher frequencies of the target signal. There is a declining ability with aging to use the faster time scales of sensorimotor control, but the particular directional effect of the loss or gain of complexity of force output is moderated by the differential impact of task demands.
Intersectional citizenship, violence, and lesbian resistance in South Africa

AbstractThere is a growing body of literature on intersectionality and citizenship, with scholars positing a need to analyze multiple identities simultaneously in order to understand both the legal incorporation and embodied experience of citizenship for marginalized groups. Building upon this central insight, I contribute to this literature by articulating the components of an intersectional citizenship framework to better understand the way multiple identities mediate citizenship, with particular reference to black lesbians in South Africa. Based on in-depth interviews with eighteen members of the black lesbian organization Free Gender, in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, I argue that Free Gender’s organizational goals can usefully be understood as asserting the commensurability of the identity “black lesbian” with “community member,” “African,” and “woman.” In applying a theoretical framework of intersectional citizenship to South Africa, it becomes clear that Free Gender’s activism reveals differential access ...
Coordinated Mapping and Exploration for Autonomous Soaring

To enable coordinated soaring by a flock of small unmanned air vehicles a method for distributed mapping of the wind field is presented. Presently the work focuses on mapping convective activity (i.e. thermals). The map first discretizes the environment into cells and then uses a Kalman filter to estimate the vertical wind speed and associated covariance in each cell. To improve computational tractability, the wind speed in each cell is assumed to be uncorrelated to all other cells; this results in a set of independent scalar Kalman filters. Measurements of wind speed are available at the location of an aircraft; thermal dynamics are modeled using an exponential decay. The resulting map is combined with ab ehavior-based controller to enable autonomous soaring. The covariance of wind speed is used to drive exploration and a combination of estimated wind speed and covariance is used to drive exploitation. The utility of the approach is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulations of a persistent presence task: a flock of UAVs flies in a four square kilometer region and attempts to maximize endurance. Only gliding flight is assumed; with one aircraft the use of the map doubles endurance compared with a no-map case. Increasing flock size to two, four, and eight aircraft results in monotonically increasing performance, with almost all of the eight-aircraft flocks able to remain aloft for the full mission duration.
From dust to dust: Quaternary wind erosion of the Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau, China

The Ordos Basin of China encompasses the Mu Us Desert in the northwest and the Chinese Loess Plateau to the south and east. The boundary between the mostly internally drained Mu Us Desert and fluvially incised Loess Plateau is an erosional escarpment, up to 400 m in relief, composed of Quaternary loess. Linear ridges, with lengths of ∼10 2 –10 3 m, are formed in Cretaceous- Quaternary strata throughout the basin. Ridge orientations are generally parallel to near-surface wind vectors in the Ordos Basin during modern winter and spring dust storms. Our observations suggest that the Loess Plateau previously extended farther to the north and west of its modern windward escarpment margin and has been partially reworked by eolian processes. The linear topography, Mu Us Desert internal drainage, and escarpment retreat are all attributed to wind erosion, the aerial extent of which expanded southeastward in China in response to Quaternary amplification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Connective Tissue IX Effects of Hypervitaminosis A upon Connective Tissue Chemistry.

SummaryIn general, the initial primary effect of hypervitaminosis A upon the chemistry of the connective tissue appeared to be a marked loss of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate from the saline soluble components of the tissue. With further doses of Vit. A there appeared to be a significant decrease in the glycoprotein content of these fractions. To this degree these chemical studies essentially confirm the effects of Vit. A described by others for cartilage in vitro, upon the soft connective tissues in vivo.
2D Photonic Crystal Protein Hydrogel Coulometer for Sensing Serum Albumin Ligand Binding

Bovine and human serum albumin (BSA and HSA) are globular proteins that function as bloodstream carriers of hydrophobes such as fatty acids and drugs. We fabricated novel photonic crystal protein hydrogels by attaching 2D colloidal arrays onto pure BSA and HSA hydrogels. The wavelengths of the diffracted light sensitively report on the protein hydrogel surface area. The binding of charged species to the protein hydrogel gives rise to Donnan potentials that change the hydrogel volume causing shifts in the diffraction. These photonic crystal protein hydrogels act as sensitive Coulometers that monitor the hydrogel charge state. We find multiple high-affinity BSA and HSA binding sites for salicylate, ibuprofen and picosulfate by using these sensors to monitor binding of charged drugs. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for utilizing protein hydrogel sensors to monitor protein–ionic species binding.
Everything You Need in an Electronic Medical Record (EMR): From Patients to Diagnoses to Librarians

ABSTRACTThis article describes the events that led to the implementation of the Ask-A-Librarian button within the hospital’s electronic medical record. Various marketing techniques used to educate healthcare professionals regarding the new service as well as the significant increase in library usage results are discussed. This article also provides insight as to why the librarians undertook such an ambitious project. It is the authors’ hope that it will inspire others to do the same at their institutions.
Transport properties of solid lipid nanoparticles across MDCK cell monolayers

OBJECTIVE To investigate the transport properties of solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN) across MDCK monolayers.METHODS SLN was prepared by aqueous solvent diffusion method,and otcadecylamine-fluorescein isothiocyanate was synthesized and used as a fluorescence marker to be incorporated into SLN.The transport of SLN was carried out under various conditions.RESULTS The apparent permeability coefficient(Papp) of SLN declined from 56.1×10-6 cm·s-1 to 20×10-6 cm·s-1 when the lipid concentration of SLN increased from 50 mg·L-1 to 400 mg·L-1,and the permeability of SLN from apical to basolateral side was higher than that from basolateral to apical side.Meanwhile,Papp was reduced by the change of pH and the addition of blank SLN obviously,and a lower temperature or colchicines could also decrease Papp of SLN,about 30 % of control.CONCLUSION SLN could cross MDCK monolayers by the combined action of active transfer with cellular endocytosis and passive diffusion channels for lipid.Active transfer predominated when SLN transport from apical to basolateral side,and passive diffusion was the main path from the other side.
Linear Projection Based on the Analysis of Coupling Problems of Image Recognition

Process in the oil field workover,pipe coupling not only played a connection between the column,but also provides workover and other reference function of position.Therefore,the position detection is particularly important for tubing coupling.Linear projection method for coupling image recognition of study is mainly analysed,thereby coupling position detection provides the basis for the oilfield workover process.
MECHANISM OF ALL-TRANS-RETINOIC ACID-MEDIATED L-MYC GENE REGULATION IN SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

The L-myc oncogene is commonly expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells and is associated with SCLC cells with a high level of neuroendocrine differentiation and a relatively low proliferative index. We have previously reported that all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) inhibits the growth of NCI-H82 SCLC cells in association with increased neuroendocrine differentiation, increased L-myc gene expression and decreased c-myc gene expression. In the present report, the mechanism of RA-mediated L-myc up-regulation in NCI-H82 SCLC cells was determined by analysing transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of L-myc gene expression. Increases in steady-state levels of L-myc mRNA occurred in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to RA at a time-point prior to discernible changes in cellular morphology or growth. By nuclear run-on analysis, there was a clear increase in L-myc transcript initiation in NCI-H82 cells treated with 1 microM RA, but no alteration was noted in the baseline degree of transcript attenuation when compared to control cells. L-myc transcript half-life remained unchanged after exposure to 1 microM RA, indicating that post-transcriptional regulation is not a major factor in the control of L-myc gene expression. A marked dose-dependent increase in RARbeta expression was also demonstrated in RA-treated NCI-H82 cells. We conclude that RA-mediated up-regulation of L-myc gene expression occurs through stimulation of transcript initiation and that the biological effects of RA in SCLC cells may be mediated through RARbeta-dependent pathways.
Concordance in a twin population model.

A twin population model is proposed, and two different definitions of the rate of concordance are investigated within the context of this model. It is found that the statistic formed from the ratio of the number of affected twins that come from concordant pairs to all affected twins has certain advantages over the traditional definition of the rate of concordance. This twin population model is extended to nontruncated sample of twins. The parameters of this situation are estimated. Finally, it is shown how these parameters relate to the two usual estimates of the proportion of DZ. twins in a twin population, and the efficiency of these methods is computed.
Creating spatial depth using distortion product optoacoustic emissions in music composition

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (also known as combination tones) are sounds generated within the listener’s ears upon physical and physiological interactions between spectral components in a given auditory input. The relationship between sounds generated by loudspeakers and sounds generated in the listener's ears offers fertile ground for the exploration of spatial depth in music. The author’s On the Sensations of Tone is a series of compositions that provoke ear tones to create an additional spatial dimension in each piece. Following a brief overview of the history and mechanisms behind otoacoustic emissions, this paper discusses techniques for composing with the phenomenon as used in On the Sensations of Tone VII (2015).
Abstract 1678: Bioavailability and anti-tumor activity of capsaicin in human small cell lung cancer

The nutritional compound capsaicin has been shown to display anti-neoplastic activity in breast, prostate and colon tumors xenografted in nude mice. Based on these data from other research laboratories, we wanted to determine the bioavailability of capsaicin in nude mice in vivo. We found that capsaicin was rapidly metabolized primarily in the liver. The bioavailability of intact capsaicin was highest in the lung. Therefore, we hypothesized that capsaicin should suppress the growth of lung tumors. We found that capsaicin induced robust apoptosis in human SCLC cell lines. Capsaicin decreased the growth rates of human SCLC tumors in two in vivo models, namely the CAM model and the nude mouse model. HPLC studies showed intact capsaicin in the tumors excised from nude mice. The heat-sensation activity of capsaicin is mediated by the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family of proteins. Capsaicin functions as an agonist of the TRPV1 receptor. The apoptotic activity of capsaicin was found to be mediated by TRPV6 and not TRPV1. Preliminary data shows that capsaicin increases the expression of the TRPV6 receptor, causing apoptosis in human SCLCs. Citation Format: John D. Hurley, William D. Rollyson, Cody A. Stover, Kathleen C. Brown, Haley E. Perry, Cathryn D. Stevenson, Clayton M. Crabtree, Aaron M. Dom, Jamie K. Lau, Theodore R. Witte, W E. Hardman, Piyali Dasgupta. Bioavailability and anti-tumor activity of capsaicin in human small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1678. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1678
Library Linked Data: Early Activity & Development, edited by Erik T. Mitchell.

Linked Data (LD) is one of the most discussed topics in the library, archive, and museum (LAM) community. Over the past few years, the community has seen a level of maturity in LD research initiati...
Efficacy of Malathion Against Coleopteran Populations in Newly-Harvested Versus Year-Old Stored Corn

The impact of malathion treatment and duration of storage prior to treatment on species composition and relative abundance of beetle pests was investigated in shelled corn in newly-constructed galv...
Engineering an E. coli Near-Infrared Light Sensor

Optogenetics is a technology wherein researchers combine light and genetically engineered photoreceptors to control biological processes with unrivaled precision. Near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (>700 nm) are desirable optogenetic inputs due to their low phototoxicity and spectral isolation from most photoproteins. The bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor 1 (BphP1), found in several purple photosynthetic bacteria, senses NIR light and activates transcription of photosystem promoters by binding to and inhibiting the transcriptional repressor PpsR2. Here, we examine the response of a library of output promoters to increasing levels of Rhodopseudomonas palustris PpsR2 expression, and we identify that of Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1 crtE as the most strongly repressed in Escherichia coli. Next, we optimize Rps. palustris bphP1 and ppsR2 expression in a strain engineered to produce the required chromophore biliverdin IXα in order to demonstrate NIR-activated transcription. Unlike a previously engineered bacterial NIR...
William Franke and the Unfinished Philosophical Revolution of the West

Contemporary thinking in the Continental tradition is marked in particular by a major revision in the division of labor between the disciplines of theology and philosophy. A central characteristic of this revision is a critique of reason that rediscovers the conditions of possibility of rational reflection in the mythic or narrative horizon. This perspective, a truly Copernican turn from within the Kantian legacy, is exemplified in the recent work of William Franke, A Philosophy of the Unsayable. Perhaps the crucial determining question of this contemporary turn is the status of divine revelation within it. This chapter attempts to situate Franke within the tradition of Western thought, understood as a theoretical penetration of reason’s own “apophatic milieu,” in order to raise the question of revelation in light of his thinking.
Effect of World Trade Center Dust Exposure and Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Macrophage Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Expression in Mice

Rationale: The pathophysiologic mechanisms by which World Trade Center (WTC) dust exposure leads to pulmonary disease have not been established. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) is involved in ...
Fundamental challenges and engineering opportunities in flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment at coal fired power plants

In November 2015, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the Effluent Limitations Guidelines (ELGs) for the Steam Electric Power Generating Sector. These guidelines either eliminate or lower permissible discharge limits for six wastewater streams produced at coal fired power plants (CFPPs), including flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater. This paper summarizes the state of the art, describes fundamental challenges, and highlights critical research needs in FGD wastewater treatment. We begin by describing the processes that influence FGD wastewater production and composition. We then critically evaluate the best available technologies for treating FGD wastewater identified by the EPA during the regulatory process. Finally, we identify four critical challenges and research needs in complying with the 2015 ELGs including (1) removing selenium species from FGD wastewater, (2) achieving zero liquid discharge of pollutants from FGD wastewater while enabling water reuse at CFPPs, (3) developing water treatment systems that can respond to short-term fluctuations in CFPP electricity generation and wastewater production, and (4) optimizing the balance of capital and operational costs for FGD treatment when the power plant lifespan is uncertain.
Cytology and Surgical Pathology of Neoplasms of the Lung

In this chapter,we are going to discuss the morphology and differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor, bronchioalveolar carcinoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, metastatic tumors to the lung, and spindle cell neoplasm.
LA HISTORIA AGRARIA EN EL VALLE CENTRAL. NOTAS PARA SU ESTUDIO. SIGLOS XVIII Y XIX

Este articulo analiza el desarrollo de la Historia Agraria en la zona central de Chile durante los siglos XVIII y XIX. Se estudian los ultimos enfoques y tendencias de esta linea historiografica y se entrega una pauta para la realizacion de futuras investigaciones.
Putative chemical inhibition of development by conspecifics in mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis

The objective of this study was to test for a chemical influence of adult Gambusia affinis on the development and maturation of juveniles. Sixty juveniles (<1 day old) were reared (from a total of 157 trials) individually up to 115 d in 3 liter containers that circulated water bathing either (1) two adult males, (2) two adult females, (3) an adult male and an adult female, or (4) conspecific-free tank water. Randomly chosen juveniles were sampled over time, sacrificed, sectioned, and measurements were taken of standard length and gonadal parameters such as gonad size, number of spermatogenic cysts, or number of oocytes. Measurements were regressed as functions of time, and analyzed for significant differences by ANCOVA. A total of 32 males and 28 females were examined. Males showed no significant differences in any of the parameters, but females showed reduced growth rate and smaller ovary size when reared in water bathing two adult females. Mortality rate in these young fish was high, but Chi-square analysis showed that mortality rate was significantly higher when they were raised in water bathing at least one adult female. Females are known to influence female development in other vertebrates; our findings suggest this may also be true for a fish, and that the interaction may be through chemical communication.
Fortalecer la investigación como estrategia pedagógica a través de la lectura y escritura mediante figuras literarias

espanolEn los ultimos tiempos ha aumentado el grado de dificultad para ensenar en las instituciones de educacion basica, pues los ninos y ninas han perdido el interes por adquirir conocimientos y desvian su atencion a actividades distintas; por esto ha surgido la necesidad de implementar modelos pedagogicos que puedan ser interactivos y didacticos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo fortalecer la investigacion como estrategia pedagogica (IEP) para a traves de la lectura y escritura mediante figuras literarias. Estuvo guiado bajo los lineamientos de la investigacion cualitativa, utilizando tecnicas propias de este tipo de investigacion necesaria para la recoleccion de informacion como la observacion participante y herramientas como el diario de campo, la unidad de analisis estuvo conformada por ciento treinta (130) estudiantes con edades que oscilaban entre los siete (7) y once (11) anos de la Institucion Educativa Departamental Gabriel Escobar Ballestas. Los resultados permitieron observar que la IEP logro despertar el interes de los estudiantes por la investigacion y ademas capacitarlos para crear sus propios cuentos donde expresen lo que ellos quisieran, vivencias, o imaginario con la finalidad de fortalecer la investigacion a traves de las figuras literarias EnglishIn recent times the degree of difficulty in teaching in basic education institutions has increased, as children have lost interest in acquiring knowledge and divert their attention to different activities; This is why the need to implement pedagogical models that can be interactive and didactic has arisen. The objective of the study was to strengthen research as a pedagogical strategy (IEP) for reading and writing through literary figures. It was guided under the guidelines of qualitative research, using techniques of this type of research necessary for the collection of information such as participant observation and tools such as the field diary, the analysis unit consisted of one hundred and thirty (130) students with ages that oscillated between the seven (7) and eleven (11) years of the Departmental Educational Institution Gabriel Escobar Ballestas. The results allowed observing that the IEP managed to awaken students' interest in research and also train them to create their own stories where they express what they want, experiences, or imaginary in order to strengthen research through literary figures.
Myocardial Contractility, Afterload Mismatch and Ventricular Dysfunction

Although abnormalities in right ventricular function and/or the pulmonary vascular bed can be of pathophysiologic importance, it is more commonly an alteration of one or more determinants of left ventricular function which create an adverse hemodynamic status in the cardiac disease states encountered in man. Of the four major factors which control left ventricular function, i.e. heart rate, myocardial contractility, preload or end-diastolic fiber stretch, and afterload or the force which resists shortening, the latter is now appreciated as playing a particularly critical role in the mechanisms underlying heart failure. For example, the interdependence of wall shortening and afterload, at any given preload, has allowed understanding of the favorable influence of vasodilating agents in treating congestive heart failure. Moreover, the serial application of both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic techniques has provided improved insight into the role of afterload in chronic valvular heart disease, the potential for improving left ventricular shortening by valve surgery, and the relation between postoperative changes in afterload and regression of hypertrophy.
Ruthenium oxide based microelectrode arrays for in vitro and in vivo neural recording and stimulation.

Abstract We have characterized the in vitro and in vivo extracellular neural recording and stimulation properties of ruthenium oxide (RuOx) based microelectrodes. Cytotoxicity and functional neurotoxicity assays were carried out to confirm the in vitro biocompatibility of RuOx. Material extract assays, in accordance to ISO protocol “10993-5: Biological evaluation of medical devices”, revealed no significant effect on neuronal cell viability or the functional activity of cortical networks. In vitro microelectrode arrays (MEAs), with indium tin oxide (ITO) sites modified with sputtered iridium oxide (IrOx) and RuOx in a single array, were developed for a direct comparison of electrochemical and recording performance of RuOx to ITO and IrOx deposited microelectrode sites. The impedance of the RuOx-coated electrodes measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was notably lower than that of ITO electrodes, resulting in robust extracellular recordings from cortical networks in vitro. We found comparable signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for RuOx and IrOx, both significantly higher than the SNR for ITO. RuOx-based MEAs were also fabricated and implanted in the rat motor cortex to demonstrate manufacturability of the RuOx processing and acute recording capabilities in vivo. We observed single-unit extracellular action potentials with a SNR >22, representing a first step for neurophysiological recordings in vivo with RuOx based microelectrodes. Statement of significance A critical challenge in neural interface technology is the development of microelectrodes that have recording and electrical stimulation capabilities suitable for bidirectional communication between the external electronic device and the nervous system. The present study explores the feasibility and functional capabilities of ruthenium oxide microelectrodes as a neural interface. Significant improvement in electrochemical properties and neuronal recordings are reported when compared to commercially available indium tin oxide and was similar to that of iridium oxide electrodes. The data demonstrate the potential for future development of chronic neural interfaces using ruthenium oxide based microelectrodes for recording and stimulation.
Twist1: A Double-Edged Sword in Kidney Diseases.

Background Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix domain containing transcription factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and inflammatory responses by transcriptionally regulating a wide range of downstream target genes. Its homologous protein, Twist2, shares many structural and functional similarities with Twist1. Summary Accumulating evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies suggests that Twist1 is a pivotal regulator of several forms of renal disease. Twist1 is persistently activated following renal insults, particularly in chronic kidney diseases, and contributes to the renal inflammatory responses, tubular cell transformation programs, and possibly fibroblast activation, all of which are involved in the initiation and progression of kidney diseases. Key message This review will specifically focus on Twist1 and outline our understanding of its functions in kidney disorders along with the introduction of Twist2 where pertinent. The thorough knowledge of Twist1's actions in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases should facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for kidney injury.
Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Osteopathic Treatment Techniques

Rhinitis is generally classified as allergic or non-allergic and is differentiated from conditions that mimic symptoms of rhinitis. This article reviews the non-allergic forms of rhinitis highlighting signs, symptoms and diagnosis. An in-depth overview of osteopathic treatment options for the head and neck are outlined to assist osteopathic family physicians in providing symptom relief to their non-allergic rhinitis patients.
Beyond Recidivism and Desistance

Reflecting on research following formerly incarcerated Massachusetts women for more than a decade, this paper questions whether conventional understandings of recidivism and desistance are meaningf...
[Pandemic COVID-19 and mental disorders international experience and therapeutic approaches]

The article considers the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the population mental health, the main psychogenic and somatogenic mental disorders associated with COVID-19 are distinguished. The comorbid PTSD clinical features are described. The mental health risk factors for health workers are presented. The psychotherapeutic and psychopharmaceutical approaches are proposed.
The Essentials of Islamic Banking, Finance, and Capital Markets by John Oluseyi Kuforiji

Kuforiji, John Oluseyi. The Essentials of Islamic Banking, Finance, and Capital Markets. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2019.
Immigrants Recognize American Greatness: Immigrants and Their Descendants Are Patriotic and Trust America’s Governing Institutions

The assimilation and integration of immigrants and their children into American society is vital to the future success of the United States of America. Learning English and adopting American social values are important components of assimilation and integration into our society, but patriotism and confidence in American institutions are also critical. Despite the importance of this issue, there is relatively little research on how well immigrants and their children patriotically assimilate. Based on their responses to the General Social Survey, we found that immigrants and their children have levels of patriotism that are about the same as those of native-born Americans or that exceed them. Additionally, immigrants and their descendants have more trust in the three branches of American government than do native-born Americans. Immigrants bolster patriotism and national trust in American government institutions.
Utilizing Business Intelligence to Enhance Online Education in For-Profit and Non-Profit Institutions

With the increase in the demand of online education, especially for working people, there is a need for institutions that offer online education to identify, target, and market their services to people who are in need of furthering their education or who would be interested in using online education to advance their careers. The aim of this paper is to explore how Business Intelligence (BI) can be utilized to enhance online education for profit and non-profit organizations. The goal is to identify, target, and market online education to an audience who may not have thought of online education, but will appreciate the opportunity.
Hearing Outcomes in Stickler Syndrome: Variation Due to COL2A1 and COL11A1

Objectives:Stickler syndrome (SS) is a heterogeneous inherited connective tissue disorder, often due to a mutation in COL2A1 or COL11A1. Mutations in these genes cause collagen abnormalities affect...