cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolution+attention+nesting=interpretation

In this study, a knowledge for subsequent interpretation is represented as a descriptive structure (D-structure) in a fuzzy linguistic representation space (FLR-space). Any subset of interest within the D-structure is considered as a D-state to be controlled by an interpretation-based production system. Both nodes and relations are fuzzy valued. D-structure is a nested structure. This approach is applied to the problem of motion control. >
Status and outlook for high power processing of 1.3 GHz TESLA multicell cavities

In order to increase the usable accelerating gradient in Superconducting TESLA cavities, the field emission threshold barrier must be raised. As has been previously demonstrated on S-Band cavities, a way to accomplish this is with the use of high peak power RF processing. A transmitter with a peak power of 2 MWatt and 300 /spl mu/sec pulse length has been assembled and has been used to process TESLA cavities. Several five cell TESLA cavities at 1.3 GHz have been manufactured for this purpose. This transmitter and the cavities will be described and the results of the tests will be presented. >
UV detector from ZnO nanorods with electrodes resembling a wheatstone bridge pattern

Detectors currently used for UV detection are Si based and photomultiplier tubes, but these are bulky and less sensitive. ZnO based detector is an alternative to silicon and photomultiplier tubes due to its high sensitivity to UV light and can be fabricated cheaply and compactly. Here we attempt to increase the sensitivity of ZnO based detector by using electrode design that resembles a Wheatstone bridge and the detector has metal-semiconductor-metal structure. This new improved design enhances the collection of carriers and also miniaturization of the detector. The nanorods for the detector were grown by solution growth technique and the response of the detector on the length of the interdigitated fingers and spacing between the interdigitated fingers were also studied.49518
Effects of acetylenic and olefinic pyrenes upon cytochrome P-450 dependent benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity in liver microsomes

Abstract 1-Ethynylpyrene, trans -, & cis -1-(2-bromovinyl)pyrene, methyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene, and phenyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene are substrates for cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenases and also inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 dependent benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities in liver microsomes from 5,6-benzoflavone or phenobarbital pretreated rats. 1-Ethynylpyrene, trans -1-(2-bromovinyl)pyrene, and methyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene cause a mechanism based inhibition (suicide inhibition) of the benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities in microsomes from 5,6-benzoflavone or phenobarbital pretreated rats, while cis -1-(2-bromovinyl)pyrene only causes suicide inhibition of the hydroxylse activities in the 5,6-benzoflavone induced microsomes and phenyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene does not cause a detectable suicide inhibition of these activities in either type of microsome. Incubation with NADPH and 1-ethynylpyrene, trans -, or cis -1-(2-bromovinyl)pyrene causes a loss of the P-450 content in the microsomes from 5,6-benzoflavone or phenobarbital pretreated rats, but incubations with methyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene or phenyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene did not cause a loss of the P-450 content of either microsomal preparation.
Inter-asperity cavitation and global cavitation in seals:: an average flow analysis

A universal, average Reynolds equation was previously developed to model the combined effects of inter-asperity cavitation and global cavitation in lubricating films between rough surfaces. In this study, the universal, average Reynolds equation is applied to two types of rotating shaft seals: lip seals and mechanical face seals. Inter-asperity cavitation is shown to affect the sealing mechanism of lip seals and to influence the behavior of new, worn, and wavy mechanical face seals.
CAN WE IMPROVE ESTIMATES OF JUVENILE DISPERSAL DISTANCE AND SURVIVAL

Estimates of distributions of natal dispersal distances and juvenile recruitment rates in open populations are strongly influenced by the extent and shape of the areas sampled. Techniques to improve biased dispersal and survival estimates include area-ratio methods based on weighting observations by sampling effort, the extent and shape of the area sampled, and the amount and distribution of preferred habitat surrounding the area sampled. We partitioned territories within the boundaries of a large, almost geographically closed, population of individually marked Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) and estimated dispersal and survival parameters from hypothetical smaller study areas (sampling areas) of varying sizes and shapes in order to examine whether an area-ratio method provides accurate or improved estimates of juvenile dispersal distance and survival. Non-aggregated sampling areas resulted in the detection of fewer dispersal events, but because of their large spatial extent, produced unbiased dispersal estimates. The use of aggregated sampling areas (circular or linear) resulted in the detection of higher numbers of dispersal events, but produced biased dispersal estimates that were generally improved by the area-ratio method. Area-ratio corrections usually provided better estimates of median dispersal distance than uncorrected estimates. Survival to breeding was usually underestimated and often not improved by the area-ratio method, regardless of extent and shape of the sampling area. Estimates of juvenile survival to breeding were improved by assuming that rates of emigration were equivalent to immigration, and correcting survival estimates accordingly. Small, local studies should use an area-ratio method to improve their estimates of median dispersal distance. Because the correction method estimates relative, but not absolute, numbers of individuals dispersing across distance categories, the area-ratio method should not be used for estimating survival. Non-aggregated sampling areas may be an effective design to increase spatial extent (and thus decrease bias) without proportionately increasing the amount of habitat sampled.
Learning to love the Dutch disease: Evidence from the mineral economies

Abstract Recent literature proposes that a booming minerals sector may not only lead to Dutch disease effects, it may also be a development curse. Mineral economy case studies have tentatively confirmed this “recourse curse thesis”. This paper examines the long-run economic and development performance of a more general grouping of mineral-based economies, and finds little corroborating evidence.
The validity of role play tests for assessing social skills in children

A correlational study was conducted in an effort to examine the validity and reliability of role play tests for assessing social skills in children. Twenty-two male and twenty female elementary school children, ranging in age from 8–10 years, responded to role play scenarios involving social interactions. In addition to the role play procedure, a number of other assessment strategies were utilized: (1) observations of behavior in naturalistic settings, (2) sociometric ratings, and (3) teachers' ratings. Results did not support the validity of the role play test. Correlations between role play performance and criterion measures were generally quite low. Test-retest reliability of the role play tests also was unacceptable. Further, results indicated that while several significant relationships were found between children's sociometric scores and teachers' ratings of interpersonal behavior, little association was found between these measures and global ratings of friendliness in role play and in vivo situations. Results are discussed in terms of the validity and utility of role play tests for children, the relationship of these data to previous research in social skills assessment, and the heuristic value of examining research concerning children's interpersonal functioning from developmental and social psychological perspectives.
Scleraxis is required for differentiation of the stapedius and tensor tympani tendons of the middle ear.

Scleraxis (Scx) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed in tendon and ligament progenitor cells and the differentiated cells within these connective tissues in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Unexpectedly, we found expression of the Scx transgenic reporter mouse, Scx-GFP, in interdental cells, sensory hair cells, and cochlear supporting cells at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5). We evaluated Scx-null mice to gain insight into the function of Scx in the inner ear. Paradoxical hearing loss was detected in Scx-nulls, with ~50% of the mutants presenting elevated auditory thresholds. However, Scx-null mice have no obvious, gross alterations in cochlear morphology or cellular patterning. Moreover, we show that the elevated auditory thresholds correlate with middle ear infection. Laser interferometric measurement of sound-induced malleal movements in the infected Scx-nulls demonstrates increased impedance of the middle ear that accounts for the hearing loss observed. The vertebrate middle ear transmits vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the cochlea. The tensor tympani and stapedius muscles insert into the malleus and stapes via distinct tendons and mediate the middle ear muscle reflex that in part protects the inner ear from noise-induced damage. Nothing, however, is known about the development and function of these tendons. Scx is expressed in tendon progenitors at E14.5 and differentiated tenocytes of the stapedius and tensor tympani tendons at E16.5–18.5. Scx-nulls have dramatically shorter stapedius and tensor tympani tendons with altered extracellular matrix consistent with abnormal differentiation in which condensed tendon progenitors are inefficiently incorporated into the elongating tendons. Scx-GFP is the first transgenic reporter that identifies middle ear tendon lineages from the time of their formation through complete tendon maturation. Scx-null is the first genetically defined mouse model for abnormal middle ear tendon differentiation. Scx mouse models will facilitate studies of tendon and muscle formation and function in the middle ear.
Release of Endogenous Opioids From Duodenal Enteroendocrine Cells Requires Trpm5

Background & Aims Enteroendocrine cells, the largest and most diverse population of mammalian endocrine cells, comprise a number of different cell types in the gut mucosa that produce, store, and secrete small molecules, peptides, and/or larger proteins that regulate many aspects of gut physiology. Little is known about less typical endocrine cells in the intestinal mucosa that do not contain secretory granules, such as brush or caveolated cells. We studied a subset of these enteroendocrine cells in duodenum that produce several peptides, including endogenous opioids, and that also express the Trpm5 cation channel. Methods We studied expression patterns of Trpm5 and other molecules by immunohistochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses of intestinal tissues from transgenic mice that express green fluorescent protein from the Trpm5 promoter, as well as wild-type and Trpm5-null mice. Results We describe a type of enteroendocrine cell in mouse duodenum that is defined by the presence of Trpm5 and that does not contain typical secretory granules yet expresses endogenous opioids (β-endorphin and Met-enkephalin) and uroguanylin in apical compartments close to the lumen of the gut. Conclusions Solitary chemosensory cells that coexpress β-endorphin, Met-enkephalin, uroguanylin, and Trpm5 exist in mouse duodenum. These cells are likely to secrete the bioactive peptides into the intestinal lumen in response to dietary factors; release of the opioid peptides requires the Trpm5 ion channel.
DYNAMIC JAHN-TELLER COUPLING, ANHARMONIC OXYGEN VIBRATIONS AND HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN OXIDES

A universal dynamic Jahn-Teller (DJT) mechanism for superconductivity and its applications to CuO and BaBiO3 high-Tc oxides are reviewed. Dynamical interconversion between the shallow "double-well" potentials of degenerate delocalized oxygen-oxygen "pπ-bonds" at the Fermi energy (EF) induces anharmonic oxygen vibrations, lattice-electron coupling, and Cooper pairing. This mechanism yields high Tc's and small-to-vanishing isotope shifts for cuprates, where O(pπ)-O(pπ) bond overlap at EF is promoted by Cu(dπ*)-O(pπ) hybridization. It yields lower Tc's and larger isotope shifts for BaBiO3's, where O(pπ)-O(pπ) overlap is small. For vanishing bond overlap at EF, DJT coupling reduces to harmonic phonon coupling in BCS theory. Simple formulae for calculating Tc and isotope shifts for any superconductor from the "real-space" chemical bonding at EF are presented, yielding (Tc)max ≈ 230 K.
Isolated lung perfusion with tumor necrosis factor for pulmonary metastases

Background A phase I trial was initiated to define the feasibility and safety of single-lung isolation perfusion with tumor necrosis factor- α , interferon- γ , and moderate hyperthermia for patients with unresectable pulmonary metastases. Methods Twenty patients with lung metastases (Ewing's, 2; sarcoma, 8; melanoma, 6; other, 4) were considered for single-lung isolation perfusion with 0.3 to 6.0 mg of tumor necrosis factor- α and 0.2 mg interferon- γ , delivered through an oxygenated pump circuit. Sixteen perfusions were performed in 15 patients (bilateral in 1). Metastases were completely resected (no single-lung isolation perfusion) in 3 patients, 1 patient had extrapulmonary disease, and one single-lung isolation perfusion was aborted for mechanical reasons. Results There were no significant changes in systemic arterial blood pressure or cardiac output during perfusion. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure increased with isolation, but returned to pre-single-lung isolation perfusion levels after clamp release. The maximum systemic tumor necrosis factor- α level was 8 ng/mL, whereas pump-circuit levels ranged from 200 to 10,976 ng/mL. There were no deaths, and the mean hospitalization period was 9 days (range, 5 to 34 days). A short-term (6 to 9 month) unilateral decrease in perfused nodules was noted in 3 patients (melanoma in 1, adenoid cystic carcinoma in 1, renal cell carcinoma in 1). Conclusions Future studies using a combination of biologic modifiers, chemotherapy, and hyperthermia should be pursued to define active cytotoxic agents that will preserve underlying pulmonary function.
Visual acuity and spatial contrast sensitivity in tree squirrels.

The visual sensitivity of tree squirrels from three different species (two western gray squirrels, Sciurus griseus; three fox squirrels, Sciurus niger; and an eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis) was measured for spatial patterns defined by luminance differences. Spatial contrast sensitivity functions were determined in behavioral discrimination experiments in which the stimuli were sinusoidally-modulated gratings. At an average luminance level of 3.4 cd/m(2) these squirrels were maximally sensitive to spatial frequencies of about 0.5 cycles/degree (c/d). These experiments, in conjunction with additional measurements involving discrimination of square-wave grating patterns, also indicate that the finest gratings these squirrels can discriminate average 2.2 c/d (SD = 0.42 c/d). There are no obvious differences in resolution acuity among the three species. Grating acuity also was measured at a much higher luminance level (340 cd/m(2)). The results of this experiment indicate that the spatial acuity of the tree squirrel increases with luminance level, reaching a maximum of 3.9 c/d at 340 cd/m(2).
Spatial Tracking System for Heterodyne Optical Communication

Optical heterodyne techniques are used to meet the stringent angular tracking requirements necessary for an optical communication system to operate properly. The spatial tracking system is assumed to operate in its linear region, use semiconductor lasers, and use a squaring loop to combat the frequency noise due to the lasers. The results reveal a near optimum detector array and a near optimum LO field distribution. Also included are some preliminary experimental results.
The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A increases norepinephrine outflow in the rat anterior hypothalamus

The effects of the selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-hydrochloride (SR141716A) on extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were assessed by in vivo microdialysis in the anterior hypothalamus of freely moving rats. SR14716A (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently increased norepinephrine efflux to about 300% of baseline, without affecting 5-HT levels. This increase in norepinephrine outflow could play an important role in the pharmacological and potentially therapeutic actions of SR141716A.
From color centers to coherent phonon states

Abstract I trace the progression of scientific steps which start with color centers in alkali halides and end with my current research on the coherent generation and dephasing of vibrations in solids. It was Art Nowick who started me off along a series of ever more sophisticated experimental methods with which it has become possible to understand the temporal, spectral, and spatial response of insulators, semiconductors, superconductors, metals and biomedical tissues, to various forms of excitations. Among the observed phenomena are crystal field splitting of atomic states in ionic materials; localized and extended phonon states in alkaline-earth halides, and other insulators; spectral, spatial and temporally resolved phonon transport in various materials, the generation of coherent phonon and polariton states in semiconductors, and the dephasing of the coherent states and the observations of a long sought after long-lived phonon state.
Written emotional expression produces health benefits in fibromyalgia patients.

Objective Written expression of traumatic experiences, an intervention found to have health benefits in rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and breast cancer, was tested in a randomized, controlled trial with female fibromyalgia patients. It was hypothesized that relative to controls, patients engaging in the writing intervention would experience improved status on psychological well-being and physical health variables. Methods Patients (N = 92) were randomized into a trauma writing group, a control writing group, or usual care control group. The two writing groups wrote in the laboratory for 20 minutes on 3 days at 1-week intervals. Psychological well-being, pain, and fatigue were the primary outcome variables. Assessments were made at pretreatment, posttreatment, 4-month follow-up, and 10-month follow-up. Results The trauma writing group experienced significant reductions in pain (effect size [ES] = 0.49) and fatigue (ES = 0.62) and better psychological well-being (ES = 0.47) at the 4-month follow-up relative to the control groups. Benefits were not maintained at the 10-month follow-up. Conclusion Fibromyalgia patients experienced short-term benefits in psychological and health variables through emotional expression of personal traumatic experiences.
Ribonucleases of mouse tissues and of the Ehrlich ascites tumour.

DURING investigations of the infectivity for the Ehrlich mouse ascites tumour of ribonucleic acid isolated from tissues infected with Mengo encephalitis virus1, it was found that some factor in the ascitic plasma, the fluid in which the tumour cells are suspended in vivo, prevented the production of virus by the tumour cells. Since ribonuclease is known to destroy the infectivity of ‘Mengo-RNA’ preparations, the ascitic plasma was examined for the presence of this enzyme. It was found to have a significant level of activity, releasing 600 ± 90 µgm. ribonucleic acid-phosphorus/hr./ml. (average of 8 determinations) from per cent ribonucleic acid at 37°C. and pH 7.4 (veronal-acetate buffer).
Making things click: Distributive leadership in an online division of an offline organization

The business model that looks likely to dominate the future in the wake of the convergence between Internet and traditional economies is the “bricks and clicks” organization. We conducted an in-depth study of the top executives of a prototypical Fortune 500 company's online division. We tracked and interviewed the president and other top management team (TMT) members over the first 22 months of the launch of the e-business venture. Our findings show that two contextual features, the extraordinary speed and the unsettling complexity/ambiguity of the online business environment, profoundly affected not only leadership requirements but also other key managerial processes, including communication, decision making, and vision. Within this disorienting context, two substantive themes emerged: (1) coping with organizational identity/image tensions with the offline parent organization and (2) becoming a holographic learning organization. We draw upon and extend some of the emerging literature on shared/relational and dispersed leadership to explain how dotcom leaders can adapt to the challenging contextual and substantive features of the e-business environment through the practice of distributive leadership, which we distinguish from prior related articulations of the concept.
Algorithm to estimate notch root strain in bending using numerical analysis

Understanding the nonlinear stress and strain at the notch root is essential for estimating its fatigue life. Two popular analytical models currently in use are Neuber’s rule and Glinka’s strain energy density (SED) method. The success of Neuber’s rule is shown to depend on material constitutive relation and the mode of loading, and the Glinka SED approach is shown to be limited to situations where the plastic zone size ahead of notch root is small, surrounded with predominantly elastic zone. This paper presents an empirical approach based on a normalized stress concentration factor as a function of maximum permanent strain for applications involving bulk plasticity. An algorithm is developed using finite element analysis of notched geometries with varying elastic stress concentration factor, Kt which is used to normalize the computed equivalent stress concentration factor. Results from the algorithm are demonstrated to estimate notch root strains to within 15% when maximum notch root strain is within 2–3%. An iterative algorithm is presented for applying this approach to other notch geometries to improve notch strain and fatigue life estimates.
Tumor immunity meets autoimmunity: Antigen levels and dendritic cell maturation

Naive T cells in the draining lymph node (DLN) do not immediately respond to antigenic tissues or antigenic cancers in the periphery. Rather, the conditions under which naive T cells encounter antigen in the DLN can result in the distinct immunological states of ignorance, tolerance or immunity. Recent work suggests that these immunological states are determined by the level of antigen expressed by peripheral tissues and the maturation stage of the dendritic cell presenting the antigen. When antigens are expressed at levels that are sufficient to be cross-presented by mature dendritic cells in the DLN, naive T cells can respond to self antigens or tumor antigens to induce a state of autoimmunity or tumor immunity, respectively. Exploiting these conditions to target unique tumor antigens will enable us to develop better cancer immunotherapies.
Respiratory Symptom Relief Related to Reduction in Cigarette Use

INTRODUCTION: Many smokers reduce their cigarette consumption during failed attempts to quit. We report the impact of changes in consumption on smoking-related respiratory symptom severity (SRRSS).
Improved kinetics from ion advection through overlapping electric double layers in nano-porous electrodes

Abstract A novel device architecture is presented for laminar flow fuel cell by introducing an ion advection flux within the electric double layer (EDL). Typically advection in the EDL is negligible because the near wall electrolyte velocity is zero. However, by using nano-pores, a non-negligible ion advection flux can be developed in the charged regions of the EDL. In this article we study how advection in the EDL affects the kinetic performance of electrochemical cells. To accomplish this we use a laminar flow fuel cell model based on the Poisson–Nernst–Planck and Frumkin–Butler–Volmer equations. The model contains nonlinear physics with very disparate length scales due to the complex 3-dimensional nature of the nano-porous device. To account for these difficulties, the full mathematical model is solved numerically using a novel numerical algorithm developed based on domain decomposition method. The presented algorithm allows the simulation of complex near wall electrode effects, such as overlapping double layers in a nano-pore, in the context of a complete device, which would have been numerically prohibitive otherwise. The presence of an advection flux through nano-pores on the order of the EDL width yields some novel phenomena that affect the structure of electrode–electrolyte interface. The most surprising result is the development of a region of zero charge at the electrodes in the upstream regions of longer nano-pores. We also show that electrolyte advection within the EDL can be used to enhance the kinetic performance of electrodes in electrochemical cells.
Shifts of Electron Beam Position Due to Total Reflection at a Barrier

Just as light beams can undergo position shifts when totally internally reflected, it is found that analogous shifts of an electron beam can occur upon total reflection at a potential barrier. A given shift corresponds to a spin polarization normal to the shift, and thus an initially unpolarized beam will be separated into two polarized beams. These shifts are comparable to the electron Compton wavelength times the number of multiple reflections.
Schleiermacher on the Divine Causality

In chapter 6 of God and Timelessness , Nelson Pike cites Schleiermacher as saying that ‘eternity (timelessness) is an “inactive attribute”’.1 An inactive attribute is an attribute that God has by virtue of being what he is, as opposed to an attribute which he has by virtue of what he does. Omnipotence is an active attribute, as Pike says, because, ‘To think of God as omnipotent is to think of Him as vital and effective’ (p. 97). Roughly, then, an inactive attribute is one which God has by virtue of what he is in himself, while an active attribute is one which God has by virtue of his relation to something else, e.g. his creation.
Interaction of Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 and Related Peptides with Heparan Sulfate and Its Oligosaccharides☆

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of angiogenic and mitogenic proteins that promote cell division. The binding of FGFs to the heparan sulfate of cell-surface-bound proteoglycans appears to be critical for their activity. The interaction of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1 or aFGF) using heparin lyase-derived oligosaccharides from heparan sulfate was investigated. FGF-1 was also shown to protect sequences in heparan sulfate from heparin lyase digestion and protected oligosaccharide products of octasaccharide and decasaccharide size were recovered by FGF-1 affinity chromatography, suggesting that the high-affinity binding of heparan sulfate to FGF-1 resides within an octasaccharide sequence. The FGF-1 binding affinity of heparan sulfate is reduced compared to heparin presumably due to the absence of 6-sulfate groups in heparan sulfate. Inspection of the FGF-1 heparan sulfate binding domain shows that the majority of interacting amino acids are contained within a 20-amino-acid sequence that folds back upon itself (because of three turns) forming a triangular shaped cup of positive charge. The importance of FGF-1 binding site topology was investigated using three synthetic peptide mimics of the FGF-1 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding site. Heparan sulfate affinity chromatography and isothermal titration calorimetry, used to measure binding thermodynamics, demonstrated that a synthetic peptide analogous to the GAG binding site in FGF-1 bound tightly to heparan sulfate. A peptide containing a D-proline in place of L-proline bound with considerably reduced affinity, presumably due to the altered structure of the second turn in the binding site. A cyclic peptide, expected to be topologically most similar to the triangular GAG binding site in FGF-1, bound with the highest affinity to heparan sulfate. These data suggest the triangular topology of the GAG binding site in FGF is critical for its interaction with heparan sulfate. Analysis of known GAG binding sites in 25 proteins using the Chou-Fasman algorithm show that these sites commonly contain turns.
An Expression for the Temperature Gradient in Chaotic Fields

A coordinate system adapted to the invariant structures of chaotic magnetic fields is constructed. The coordinates are based on a set of ghost-surfaces, defined via an action-gradient flow between the minimax and minimizing periodic orbits. The construction of the chaotic coordinates allows an expression describing the temperature gradient across a chaotic magnetic field to be derived. The results are in close agreement with a numerical calculation.
When less is more: Line-drawings lead to greater boundary extension than color photographs.

Is boundary extension (false memory beyond the edges of the view) determined solely by the schematic structure of the view or does the quality of the pictorial information impact this error? To examine this, colour photographs or line-drawings of 12 multi-object scenes (Experiment 1: N=64) and 16 single-object scenes (Experiment 2: N=64) were presented for 14 s each. At test, the same pictures were each rated as being the “same”, “closer-up”, or “farther away” (five-point scale). Although the layout, the scope of the view, the distance of the main objects to the edges, the background space and the gist of the scenes were held constant, line drawings yielded greater boundary extension than did their photographic counterparts for multi-object (Experiment 1) and single-object (Experiment 2) scenes. Results are discussed in the context of the multisource model and its implications for the study of scene perception and memory.
Effects of ethnicity of hypnotist and subject on hypnotic susceptibility

Abstract The effect of ethnic similarity of hypnotist and hypnotic S on hypnotic susceptibility was examined in a 2–part study. The first part of the study compared the performance of Anglo versus Chinese hypnotists on Anglo versus Chinese Ss. In the second half of the study, Anglo and Hispanic Ss and hypnotists were compared using the same Anglo hypnotist-S control group. In total, 112 volunteers were administered the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form A, of A. M. Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard (1959), with 16 Ss (8 males and 8 females) in each condition. A 2 × 2 ANOVA was performed on the data for each part of the study. Ethnic similarity of hypnotist and S was found not to enhance hypnotic susceptibility. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the assumed superiority of homoethnicity in psychotherapy.
Abstract B26: Vaginal health assessment study for breast cancer survivors

Postmenopausal breast cancer survivors often have urogenital atrophy adversely affecting their quality of life. Symptoms of atrophic vaginitis include: vaginal irritation, dyspareunia, postcoital bleeding, and increased susceptibility to vaginal infections. Endocrine breast cancer therapies further decrease estrogen levels, exacerbating these symptoms. Current non-hormonal vaginal therapies used first-line are often given with vague instructions, or not given at all. Hormonal therapies including estrogen and progesterone may increase the risk of recurrence and are therefore rarely used. This scenario results in breast cancer patients not having resolution of their atrophic vaginitis symptoms. There is a lack of data for atrophic vaginitis symptoms reported by patients and treatments employed in this population of breast cancer survivors. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study of urogenital symptoms in breast cancer survivors. This is prevalence, cross-sectional study of female patients from the Breast Survivorship Clinic in the Cancer Prevention Center at the UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Patients included in this study are women with a history of invasive breast cancer and are greater than five years after treatment; women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are at least six months after treatment. Approximately 1000 individual patient9s charts (over 4,800 clinic visits) were available for review during the time frame studied (July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011). Two predefined age groups will be evaluated ( Taking the information from the chart review, we will present the number of breast cancer female patients reporting symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. We will also report the percent of patients with symptoms who actually get treatment and the types of treatment recommended and prescribed. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B26.
Police systems and systems thinking: An interpretive approach to understanding complexity

To start a dialog with police and criminal psychologists concerning systems theory and policing, the authors are presenting the following paper. This paper shares their thinking about systems theory as it might apply to policing. The paper draws upon specific examples from one of the twenty largest police departments in the United States. These examples include: race relations, domestic violence legislation, financing, and developing specialized units. The authors present some of the major concepts associated with systems thinking. They selected—context, valid information, relationships, shared meaning, attractors and agents. In addition, there are recommendations for future direction of dialog and research.
Relationships ol Pulse Transmission Times to Pre-ejection Period and Blood Pressure

This research addressed the question of whether pulse transmission time to the ear (E-PTT) serves as a satisfactory estimate of pre-ejcction period (PEP) and whether the intracardiac or arterial components of pulse transmission times are correlated with hlood pressure. A median correlation of .86 was found for within-suhject correlations between E-PTT and PEP, and a correlation of .97 was found on trial means across subjects. Pulse transmission times to the ear and finger (measured from the Q-wave) were substantially correlated with systolic but not diastolic blood pressure. PEP, the intracardiac component of pulse transmission time, was moderately correlated with systolic blood pressure, but the arterial components were not. It was concluded that E-PIT estimates PEP in within-subject comparisons, and that the association of the pulse transmission times with systolic blood pressure is by virtue of the fact that these intervals encompass PEP rather than the arterial components. It was further concluded that pulse transmission times more directly reflect sympathetic cardiac influences than they do blood pressure.
Deep Granuloma Annulare (Pseudorheumatoid Nodule) in Children: Clinicopathologic Study of 35 Cases

Deep granuloma annulare (DGA) is one of several lesions of skin and superficial soft tissues whose histologic character is a palisading granuloma with a small central focus of necrosis or necrobiosis. Unlike the other palisading necrobiotic lesions, DGA has a predilection for children in the first 5 to 6 years of life. A painless subcutaneous nodule(s) in the lower anterior tibial region or foot and the scalp, typically in the occiput, was the most common presenting feature in this study of 35 cases. Additional or recurrent lesions were reported in approximately 70% of cases with clinical follow-up. All lesions showed the presence of necrobiosis; however, one of the characteristic features was the multinodular character of the predominantly mononuclear cellular aggregates. The presence of vascular spaces at the periphery of the nodular profiles served as a clue to the diagnosis of DGA. The palisading arrangement of the mononuclear cells was evident only in those foci with central necrobiosis. A histiocytic disorder or fibrohistiocytic process was a common consideration in the differential diagnosis, especially in those cases with less apparent foci of necrosis. Palisading histiocytes with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm and some nuclear atypism were problematic with regard to possible epithelioid sarcoma. Our study failed to identify any underlying or predisposing factors in the development of DGA. Despite the fact that DGA is a well-documented lesion in children, it occurs sufficiently infrequently that it is often not considered clinically when it presents as a subcutaneous mass or masses in a child. Its recognition by the pathologist is especially important as the occurrence of additional lesions in a high proportion of children can be anticipated without undue concern.
Impact of Geophysical Fluids on UT1

Geophysical fluids have a major impact on the Earth's rotation. Tidal variations within the oceans are the predominant cause of subdaily length-of-day (lod) variations while those within the solid body of the Earth are a major source of longer period variations; tidal dissipation within the solid Earth and oceans cause a secular change in lod. Fluctuations of the atmospheric winds are the predominant cause of nontidal lod variations on sub-decadal time scales while decadal variations are caused by interactions between the fluid core and mantle.
Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition edited by ROBINSON, PETER, & NICK C. ELLIS

The article reviews the book "Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition" edited by Peter Robinson and Nick C. Ellis.
Universality in unintentional laser resonators in π-conjugated polymer films

Abstract When films of π-conjugated polymers are optically excited above a certain threshold intensity, then the emission spectrum acquires a multimode finely structured shape, which depends on the position of the excitation spot. We demonstrate that the power Fourier transform (PFT) of the emission spectrum exhibits a certain peak-like structure, which also depends on the excitation spot. Our intriguing observation is that averaging the individual PFTs does not lead to a structureless curve, but rather yields a series of distinct transform peaks. This suggests universality, namely that the underlying random resonators that are responsible for the laser emission from the π-conjugated polymer film are almost identical. We argue that the reason for such an universality is the large size of a typical resonator, which we determined from the PFT, as compared to the emission wavelength, λ. This fact is, in turn, a consequence of the large light mean free path, l ∗ ≃10λ in the polymer film. This contrasts previous observations of random lasing in powders, where l ∗ ∼λ . We develop a simple theory that explains the presence of peaks in the average PFT and predicts their shape. The results of the theory agree quantitatively with the data. To cite this article: R.C. Polson et al., C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 509–521.
Influence of Submandibular Salivary Glands on Hormone Responsiveness of Mouse Mammary Glands

Surgical removal of the submandibular salivary glands (sialoadenectomy) of female Balb/c mice significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced mammary development as judged by development scores and mammae DNA levels. Reduction in mammae development score by sialoadenectomy was observed in both mice saline injected and mice treated with estradiol and progesterone. Autografts of submandibular salivary tissue or daily administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice partly alleviated the atrophy of the mammary gland induced by sialoadenectomy (P less than 0.05). The results of our studies are consistent with a model of mammary gland developmental regulation that includes the submandibular salivary gland as a mediator of mammogenesis via secretion of EGF.
Changes in left ventricular filling and left atrial function six months after nonsurgical septal reduction therapy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Abstract OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in left ventricular (LV) filling, left atrial (LA) volumes and function six months after nonsurgical septal reduction therapy (NSRT) for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). BACKGROUND Patients with HOCM frequently have enlarged left atria, which predisposes them to atrial fibrillation. Nonsurgical septal reduction therapy results in significant reduction in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and symptomatic improvement. However, its effect on LV passive filling volume, LA volumes and function is not yet known. METHODS Thirty patients with HOCM underwent treadmill exercise testing as well as 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography before and six months after NSRT. Data included clinical status, exercise duration, LVOT gradient, mitral regurgitant (MR) volume, LV pre-A pressure and LA volumes. Left atrial ejection force and kinetic energy (KE) were computed noninvasively and were compared with 12 age-matched, normal subjects. RESULTS New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was lower and exercise duration was longer (p CONCLUSIONS Nonsurgical septal reduction therapy results in an increase in LV passive filling volume and a reduction in LA size, ejection force and KE.
Sequential Injection Photometric Determination of Molybdenum Using Organic Wetting Film Extraction

Abstract Wetting film extraction was combined with colorimetry to determine nanogram amounts of molybdenum(VI). The simple extraction procedure enhanced sensitivity and selectivity while maintaining a high sample throughput. Extraction and back extraction steps were exploited to exclude interference from the 31 metal species and 11 anions tested. In the first step, molybdenum(VI) was extracted into a toluene film as an ion paired complex. Molybdenum(VI) reacted with thiocyanate to form anionic molybdenum(V) and/or molybdenum(VI) thiocyanate complexes. The complexes were extracted into a toluene film containing tetraheptylammonium bromide as ion pairing reagent. The thiocyanate ligands were displaced by 1,5-diphenylcarbazone (DPC) to form a more intensely colored complex (λ max = 540 nm). DPC was introduced in the back extraction solvent, methanol. The relative standard deviation was 2.5% for 50 ng ml −1 of molybdenum(VI) ( n = 10) at a rate of 25 samples h −1 . The detection limit (3 × baseline noise) was 2.5 × 10 −8 M .
Turning Over a New Leaf

CiSE Education's new department editors present plans for the future along with a brief overview of two aspects of computation and education to whet your appetite for future columns.
PERSONALITY IN ASSAULTIVE AND NON-ASSAULTIVE JUVENILE MALE OFFENDERS

The present study investigated the relationship between antisocial behavior and personality in 30 American juvenile males convicted of offenses including assault or confrontations with a victim, and 30 juvenile males convicted of offenses involving property without confrontation with a victim. Subjects, who were aged 14 to 17 yr. (mean 15 yr., 8 mo.) and held in detention pending sentencing, were administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale. Juveniles convicted of assaultive offenses exhibited significantly higher psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism scores, and lower lie scores than those convicted of property offenses. Sensation-seeking scores were significantly lower for the non-assaultive group. Results support Eysenck's description of dimensions of offenders' behavior.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature on Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.)

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) has become one of the most persistent and problematic weeds to farmers and allergy sufferers in North America over the last decades. This study aims to identify and assess the scholarly literature using a bibliometric analysis approach. Based on bibliographic records retrieved from the Web of Science database, the study describes the periodic growth of literature, scientific fields and journals, author productivity and collaborations, institutions and countries, and topical focus and uses article citation analysis to identify the most influential works in this research field during the period of 1903 to 2012.
Haplostoma humesi, New Species (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Ascidicolidae), Associated with a Compound Ascidian (Aplidium Sp.) from Madagascar

ABSTRACT Haplostoma humesi, new species, is described on the basis of females found in a compound ascidian (Aplidium sp.) collected in Madagascar. The female carries a single egg sac on the urosome. This feature has not been reported in any of the 12 named species of the genus Haplostoma; all those whose egg sacs have been described possess 2. In spite of its unique feature, H. humesi is closely related to H. canui, from the French Channel coast, described by Chatton and Harant (1924) and restudied by Ooishi (1994). Like H. canui, legs 1-4 of H. humesi have the endopods reduced (without a distal protrusion) and have the exopods armed only with bifurcate spines (lacking a lateral seta). Nevertheless, H. humesi can be distinguished from H. canui by minute differences in the legs, as well as by differences in the body form, rostrum, antennule, labrum, and caudal ramus. This is the first haplostomatin to be reported from the Indian Ocean.
Extended function of the corpus luteum and earlier development of the second follicular wave in heifers treated with bovine somatotropin

Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on growth of the corpus luteum (CL) and development of ovarian follicles were tested. Starting at estrus (Day=0), the following treatments were administered: control (saline injected Days 0 to 19, n=5); bST[0-9] (25 mg bST injected Days 0 to 9, saline injected Days 10 to 19, n=5); bST[10-19] (saline injected Days 0 to 9, 25 mg bST injected Days 10 to 19, n=5); and bST[0-19] (25 mg bST injected Days 0 to 19, n=6). Blood was collected daily for progesterone analysis, and ultrasound examinations were performed daily for measurement of follicles and CL. Compared with the heifers treated with saline, those treated with bST had larger CL and more progesterone during the early ( /=10 mm) follicles was greater (P<0.01) and largest follicles were smaller (P<0.001) in bST than in saline-treated heifers. Estrous cycle length and ovulation rate were similar for each group. In conclusion, bST increased initial development of the CL and extended its function. Furthermore, the second follicular wave was earlier with bST.
Weiser's dream in the Korean home: collaborative study of domestic roles, relationships, and ideal technologies

Following Bell and Dourish's call for a "ubicomp of the present," we visited 14 households in Korea, where Weiser's dreams come true, to study their social dynamics and domestic technologies as a part of these dynamics. We used a participatory research approach in which participants, acting as collaborative ethnographers and co-designers, chose how to describe their homes to us and which existing technologies to discuss. A qualitative analysis of the conversations identified two main themes. The first finding is the highly gendered nature of roles in the Korean home, influenced by traditional Confucian values and reinforced by contemporary neo-liberal norms. The second finding is that domestic technologies are used, adopted, and imagined in the context of these gendered social dynamics rather than just according to functional needs. In conclusion, we emphasize the need to attend to the social dynamics of the home in the design of politically sensitive domestic technologies, which will enable the inclusion of marginalized voices, such as women, in design.