cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lake Records of Northern Plains Paleoindian and Early Archaic Environments: The “Park Oasis” Hypothesis

AbstractFossil pollen and other proxies from lake sediments are used to reconstruct past dynamics in vegetation, climate and local availability of potable water for the northeastern Plains, thereby providing a landscape context to re-assess local Paleoindian and Early Archaic subsistence strategies and settlement patterns. Presented are pollen and plant macrofossil data from two lakes in North Dakota and discussion of these results in the context of published paleoenvironmental and archaeological data for the region. Aridity has characterized the regional climate since deglaciation. From 12,000 to 10,000 14C yr B.P., this aridity was counter-balanced by glacial meltwater saturating much of the landscape, which supported a vegetation of white spruce parkland. The regional water table lowered after 10,000 14C yr B.P As some lakes went dry or became saline others received ground-water input, thereby creating scattered “oases” in a deciduous parkland, which would have attracted prehistoric people and game ali...
The physiologic significance of body surface area.

I N W E a E S T in comparing the physiology of various sized animals has led to a long search for methods that would allow quantitative comparisons. This has been of particular interest in the field of pediatrics, where the pertinent range of body size is large, regardless of whether length, weight, or body surface area is considered. These measurements, as well as total body water, lean body mass, and equations combining two or more of these parameters have been utilized in attempts to develop meaningful normal physiologic standards, as well as to estimate fluid and drug dosages. Rather than attempt a complete discussion of all such parameters and their associated equations, this paper will restrict itself to discussion of body surface area as an index of normal physiologic standards, including a review of methods used for measuring or estimating surface area.
Whitehead on education

(1966). Whitehead on Education. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 112-113.
Flexibility i-deals: how much is ideal?

Purpose – This paper aimed to explore the relationship between flexibility i-deals and employee attitudes. The authors developed theory and tested a non-linear model between i-deals and perceived organizational support (POS), and career satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Hierarchical linear modeling using multisource data collected in a field study from 207 employees and 39 managers supported the hypotheses. Findings – Consistent with the proposed non-linear model, low and high levels of flexibility i-deals were associated with high POS and career satisfaction. At moderate levels of i-deals, employee attitudes were lower. Research limitations/implications – Though non-linear relationships are unlikely to result from multi source common method data, the cross-sectional study design limits the authors from claiming causality between the variables of interest. This study is an important step towards elucidating the complex nature of relationship between flexibility i-deals and employee outcomes. Pra...
Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices induce left ventricular reverse remodeling.

1. Stoica SC, Cafferty F, Pauriah M, et al. The cumulative effect of acute rejection on development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006;25:420-5. 2. Gilad S, Meiri E, Yogev Y, et al. Serum microRNAs are promising novel biomarkers. PLoS One 2008;3:e3148. 3. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 2004;116:281-97. 4. Shan J, Feng L, Luo L, et al. MicroRNAs: potential biomarker in organ transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2011;24:210-5. 5. Harris A, Krams SM, Martinez OM. MicroRNAs as immune regulators: implications for transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010;10:713-9. 6. Etheridge A, Lee I, Hood L, et al. Extracellular microRNA: a new source of biomarkers. Mutat Res 2011;717:85-90. 7. McDonald JS, Milosevic D, Reddi HV, et al. Analysis of circulating microRNA: preanalytical and analytical challenges. Clin Chem 2011; 57:833-40. 8. Duttagupta R, Jiang R, Gollub J, et al. Impact of cellular miRNAs on circulating miRNA biomarker signatures. PLoS One 2011;6:e20769. 9. O’Connell RM, Rau DS, Chaudhuri AA, et al. Physiological and pathological roles for microRNAs in the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2010;10:111-22. 10. Farid WR, Pan Q, van der Meer AJ, et al. Hepatocyte-derived microRNAs as serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and rejection after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2012;18:290-7. 11. Liston A, Linterman M, Lu LF. MicroRNA in the adaptive immune system, in sickness and in health. J Clin Immunol 2010;30:339-46. 12. Du C, Liu C, Kang J, et al. MicroRNA miR-326 regulates TH-17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Nat Immunol 2009;10:1252-9. 13. Heidt S, Segundo S, Chada R, et al. The impact of Th17 cells on transplant rejection and the induction of tolerance. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010;15:456-61. 14. Yu D, Tan AH, Hu X, et al. Roquin represses autoimmunity by limiting inducible T-cell co-stimulator messenger RNA. Nature 2007;450: 299-303. 15. Huang B, Zao J, Lei Z, et al. miR-142-3p restricts cAMP production in CD4þCD25 T cells and CD4þCD25þ TREG cells by targeting AC9 mRNA. EMBO Rep 2009;10:180-5. 16. Xia G, Shah M, Luo X. Prevention of allograft rejection by amplification of Foxp3(þ)CD4(þ)CD25(þ) regulatory T cells. Transl Res 2009;153:60-70. 17. Spinelli SV, Diaz A, D’Attilo L, et al. Altered microRNA expression levels in mononuclear cells of patients with pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis and their relation with components of the immune response. Mol Immunol 2013;53:265-9.
Surgical pathology of middle ear implants

During the past 15 years a series of 25 middle ear implants was removed at the time of revision surgery and prepared for histological study. These revision operations were performed because of failure to control the disease and/or persistent or recurring hearing loss. The ossicular and cortical bone autografts showed similar behavior in that they underwent creeping substitution with vitalized bone in amounts varying from 0% to 83%. There was no correlation to duration of implantation. The four cartilage grafts, on macroscopic evaluation, showed a loss of rigidity. Two of three cartilage autografts showed a high rate of survival of chondrocytes. The two TORP prostheses showed extensive invasion of their porous spaces with foreign body giant cells. One of the latter, implanted for over four years showed fibrous replacement of plastic material. The two polyethylene tubes showed intraluminal foreign body reaction and new bone formation.
Expanded use of sense codons is regulated by modified cytidines in tRNA

Codon use among the three domains of life is not confined to the universal genetic code. With only 22 tRNA genes in mammalian mitochondria, exceptions from the universal code are necessary for proper translation. A particularly interesting deviation is the decoding of the isoleucine AUA codon as methionine by the one mitochondrial-encoded tRNAMet. This tRNA decodes AUA and AUG in both the A- and P-sites of the metazoan mitochondrial ribosome. Enrichment of posttranscriptional modifications is a commonly appropriated mechanism for modulating decoding rules, enabling some tRNA functions while restraining others. In this case, a modification of cytidine, 5-formylcytidine (f5C), at the wobble position-34 of human mitochondrial () enables expanded decoding of AUA, resulting in a deviation in the genetic code. Visualization of the codon•anticodon interaction by X-ray crystallography revealed that recognition of both A and G at the third position of the codon occurs in the canonical Watson–Crick geometry. A modification-dependent shift in the tautomeric equilibrium toward the rare imino-oxo tautomer of cytidine stabilizes the f5C34•A base pair geometry with two hydrogen bonds.
Design of generalised ElGamal type digital signature schemes based on discrete logarithm

The ElGamal type digital signature schemes have received wide attention recently. ElGamal type signature schemes can provide ‘subliminal’ channel, message recovery, multisignature, etc. The authors investigate the design criteria of ElGamal type signature scheme and develop a complete list of all variations.
Clinical comparisons of botulinum neurotoxin formulations.

Background:The expanding uses of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) for a growing number of clinical indications, including cervical and other dystonias, adult and childhood spasticity, and hyperhidrosis, in conjunction with the emergence of new formulations of BoNT, prompt discussion of the differences in
Color vision is form and object vision

Color vision is inseparable from spatial vision. Chromatic and achromatic aspects of visual experience together subserve our perception of the forms of objects. This view is supported by physiological studies demonstrating that both color and luminance are carried along with form information on the same optic nerve fibers, albeit at different spatial scales. These scale differences can be summarized by contrast sensitivity functions measured with chromatic and achromatic spatial sinusoids, and may be illustrated by digitally filtered images that separate achromatic and chromatic variations. Analyses of the chromatic content of natural images also demonstrate a close link with the chromatic and spatial tuning of neural pathways. While characteristic properties of natural scenes can predict general characteristics of visual coding, color can vary widely across individual images, and thus could not be represented optimally by a fixed visual system. However, color coding is not fixed, but rather adjusts to both the average color and distribution of colors in scenes through processes of adaptation. Such adjustments may support color constancy and coding efficiency, and may also optimize detection and discrimination of colors that are novel in an image. Finally, the spatial properties of color-coding mechanisms are essential to our perception of figure and ground. Chromatic (border) contrast enhances the difference between figure and ground, while homogenization of object surfaces is facilitated by short- and long-range processes of assimilation and color spreading.
Teachers Responding to Narrative Inquiry: An Approach to Narrative Inquiry Criticism

ABSTRACT Using a reader-response approach, the author examines practitioners’ interpretations of three narrative inquiry texts to highlight how their responses suggest ways to enhance and more particularly nuance narrative inquiry representations of teaching practice. She asserts that the transactive character of the reader-response relationship across texts and readers makes it possible to examine the contextual and discursive influences shaping both the production of narrative inquiry texts and the readers’ responses to them. Findings suggest that practitioners do not always receive and interpret narrative texts as they are intended, and that those divergent interpretations offer ways to further develop the field of narrative inquiry scholarship.
An optical age chronology of late Quaternary extreme fluvial events recorded in Ugandan dambo soils

Abstract There is little geochonological data on sedimentation in dambos (seasonally saturated, channel-less valley floors) found throughout Central and Southern Africa. Radiocarbon dating is problematic for dambos due to (i) oxidation of organic materials during dry seasons; and (ii) the potential for contemporary biological contamination of near-surface sediments. However, for luminescence dating the equatorial site and semi-arid climate facilitate grain bleaching, while the gentle terrain ensures shallow water columns, low turbidity, and relatively long surface exposures for transported grains prior to deposition and burial. For this study, we focused on dating sandy strata (indicative of high-energy fluvial events) at various positions and depths within a second-order dambo in central Uganda. Blue-light quartz optically stimulated luminescences (OSL) ages were compared with infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) ages from finer grains in the same sample. A total of 8 samples were dated, with 6 intervals obtained at ∼35, 33, 16, 10.4, 8.4, and 5.9 ka. In general, luminescence ages were stratigraphically, geomorphically and ordinally consistent and most blue-light OSL ages could be correlated with well-dated climatic events registered either in Greenland ice cores or Lake Victoria sediments. Based upon OSL age correlations, we theorize that extreme fluvial dambo events occur primarily during relatively wet periods, often preceding humid-to-arid transitions. The optical ages reported in this study provide the first detailed chronology of dambo sedimentation, and we anticipate that further dambo work could provide a wealth of information on the paleohydrology of Central and Southern Africa.
Characterization and testing of silica-supported cobalt–palladium catalysts for conversion of syngas to oxygenates

Abstract Silica-supported Co–Pd catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation using 2 wt% Pd and two different cobalt loadings: 2 wt% (2Co–2Pd) and 10 wt% (10Co–2Pd). They were characterized by ICP-OES, H2-TPR, in situ XRD, DRIFTS, and activity/selectivity in CO hydrogenation. Activity/selectivity studies showed that the 10Co–2Pd catalyst is more active for CO hydrogenation with high selectivity toward hydrocarbons, while 2Co–2Pd catalyst shows higher selectivity toward oxygenates, but considerably lower overall activity. DRIFTS studies for 10Co–2Pd catalyst at 230 °C indicated that sites at which CO adsorbs linearly are the main active sites for CO hydrogenation, which leads toward formation of hydrocarbons. On the other hand, the bridged sites were found to be the main active sites for 2Co–2Pd catalyst, which leads to increased selectivity toward oxygenated compounds. The hydrogenation of CO adsorbed on these bridge sites was found to be much slower, explaining the low activity of this catalyst.
Infrared bands of H12C15N, D12C15N and H13C15N

Abstract Infrared spectra of some of the isotopic varieties of the hydrogen cyanide molecule have been measured employing high precision vacuum grating spectrographs. Several bands of H 12 C 15 N, D 12 C 15 N and H 13 C 15 N occurring in the 2–7μ region have been reported for the first time. Molecular constants were derived from these data.
Co-culture of adipose derived stem cells and chondrocytes with surface modifying proteins induces enhanced cartilage tissue formation.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Current treatments for focal cartilage defects include osteochondral allograft transplants—a common treatment for large defects and revisions of previously autografted joints. Allografts with weak osseous regions are usable, since bone remodeling replaces inferior quality bone. However, poor quality chondral surfaces on grafts preclude their use, leading to grafting material shortages. Endogenous adult stem cells can make hyaline-like cartilage tissue on scaffolds. To increase the number of usable allografts, tissue culture methods using adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) were developed to grow cartilage on grafts. Methods: Co-cultures utilized living chondrocytes in host cartilage, modeling in vivo conditions, and ASCs seeded on the allografts. Sterilized allografts were treated with Poly-L-Lysine and ProNectin. Tissue growth was analyzed and quantified with histological techniques. Results and Conclusions: Monoculture experiments produced tenuous cartilage formation when proteins were...
Dropout and Violence Needs Assessment: A Follow-up Study

The current study investigated a needs assessment survey designed to measure perceptions of causes of dropout and school violence and related interventions. The needs assessment was conceptualized as a first step to be taken by schools to facilitate program planning, school-based implementation and acceptability of programs designed to prevent school violence and dropout. The research reported in this paper is a follow-up to a recently published comprehensive needs assessment regarding the prevention of school dropout and violence. Results compare survey administration in Michigan with the original sample in Georgia. The revised instrument was administered to a school district in Michigan, and the results supported the five-factor model proposed in the initial research. Those factors include: School Connectedness, Causes of Disruptive of Violent Behavior, Causes of School Disengagement/Dropout, Interventions for Violence and Interventions for Dropout. This article considers implications for future use of adapted versions of this needs assessment surveys in developing effective preventive interventions.
CT-based dosimetry calculations for 125I prostate implants.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the Monte Carlo code MCNP4B for low-energy brachytherapy calculations, including the effects of interseed attenuation and patient specific heterogeneities, on the calculated dose distribution from transperineal implantation of 125 I. Methods and Materials: The Monte Carlo code MCNP4B was used to model and benchmark the absolute dose distribution from two 125 I brachytherapy seeds (model 6711 and 6702). Based upon the physical source model, the total photon intensity and differential energy spectrum were evaluated as a function of angle from the transverse bisector of the source. These spectral and intensity data were reformatted to produce probability distributions for sampling from a virtual point source. The virtual source model and a modified version of MCNP4B is then used for simulating arbitrary brachytherapy source configurations within a homogeneous or heterogeneous patient specific computed tomography (CT)-based lattice geometry. Results and Conclusion: Comparison with TG-43 data and the Monte Carlo calculations is excellent with MCNP4B predicting the radial dose function for the 125 I 6711 and 6702 sources within 6% for all data points tested. Attenuation effects from neighboring seeds were investigated for pre- and postimplant seed distributions and found to be negligible. Preliminary dosimetry analysis of postimplant seed distributions comparing homogeneous water versus heterogeneous CT simulation geometries indicates an average decrease of approximately 5.6% for the volume of tissue irradiated to a prescription isodose line of 144 Gy.
Design Criterion of Fatigue Analysis on Plastic Basis by ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

The paper investigates the current rules for fatigue analysis on plastic basis of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It addresses the question: When these rules are used for a vessel or component, is it designed with respect to crack initiation or failure? Using available fatigue test data, the question is answered for blunt double-notch plate specimens made of AISI 4340 steel. When the rules are applied to these specimens, it is found that they are designed with respect to the initiation of a crack of a certain length that decreases as the strain range increases. The plate specimens are not designed with respect to failure. It is concluded that for geometries that exhibit a strain range gradient away from the surface, the number of cycles allowed by the current rules includes the initiation phase but not the propagation phase of a fatigue crack. If this result is unsatisfactory, new rules have to be written.
An algebraically specified language for data directed design

Abstract In this paper we present the mathematical core of a new programming language LD3 (=Language for Data Directed Design). The mathematical core of the language contains its abstract syntax and its semantics. But we go beyond this and present the language, its programs, and its underlying data types, as mathematical objects constructed in an algebraic/categorical framework. As it stands the language is highly encapsulated and highly extensible. Subsequent papers will exploit the mathematical structure to form extensions of the language with parameterized types and inheritance. The philosophy of design is to develop a full understanding of the theory behind the language, its constructs, and extensions, before committing to specific user syntax or implementations. We do, however, present some provisional sugared versions of the syntax for use in examples.
Does sex age you

The evolution of aging and longevity has typically been considered to be a resolution of the conflicting demands on an organism to grow, reproduce, and survive. When social or environmental factors change the opportunities for reproduction in a way that affects differently aged individuals, there will be an evolutionary response in the schedule of senescence. This means that social dynamics can have an important effect on aging. A recent study by Berec and Boukal has shown that the dynamics of mating and divorce can also affect observed life spans through their effect on population dynamics. If females cannot find and maintain mating pairs for long enough to replace themselves, the population will become extinct. This puts a lower limit on the levels of longevity that will be observed in nature.
Inventing e-regulation in the US, EU and East Asia: conflicting social visions of the information society

This paper attempts to assess the international approach to Internet policy in the context of distinctive socio-political frameworks evolving in the US, the European Union (EU), and East Asia. The comparative review will develop a set of underlying structural models of the Information Society particular to each region, along with an analysis of their defining characteristics in relation to one another. The paper then evaluates principal weaknesses in these regional models and argues the need for re-conceptualizing the cultural, political and economic approach to the new information space of the Internet. The analysis concludes by suggesting the need for a fundamental shift in approach to e-regulation that may offer a more effective design for the democratic and social development of cyberspace.
Nominal Interest Rates and Loan Volume with Heterogeneous Beliefs

The large volume of loan transactions suggests widely divergent beliefs among borrowers and lenders, but most modern term structure theories make no prediction about volume because they assume homogeneous agents. Within these rational expectations, representative agent theories, loans are not only in zero net supply; they are also in zero gross supply. Here, the shape of the average term structure, the bias in forward interest rates, and the volume of transactions are discussed in a heuristic setting with heterogeneity and incomplete rationality. A reconciliation of heterogeneity with continuous–time term structure theory is attempted, but the results are not encouraging. Empirical data are consistent with the importance of heterogeneous beliefs.
Mediating the intersections of organizational routines during the introduction of a health IT system

Public interest in the quality and safety of health care has spurred examination of specific organizational routines believed to yield risk in health care work. Medication administration routines, in particular, have been the subject of numerous improvement projects involving information technology development, and other forms of research and regulation. This study draws from ethnographic observation to examine how the common routine of medication administration intersects with other organizational routines, and why understanding such intersections is important. We present three cases describing intersections between medication administration and other routines, including a pharmacy routine, medication administration on the next shift and management reporting. We found that each intersection had ostensive and performative dimensions; and furthermore, that IT-enabled changes to one routine led to unintended consequences in its intersection with others, resulting in misalignment of ostensive and performative aspects of the intersection. Our analysis focused on the activities of a group of nurses who provide technology use mediation (TUM) before and after the rollout of a new health IT system. This research offers new insights on the intersection of organizational routines, demonstrates the value of analyzing TUM activities to better understand the relationship between IT introduction and changes in routines, and has practical implications for the implementation of technology in complex practice settings.
Feminist Issues in Textiles and Clothing Research: Working Through/With The Contradictions:

This introduction to the focused issue explores confusions and contradictions related to feminist perspectives in textiles and clothing research. Contributions to this issue represent various persp...
In vitro interaction of heavy metals with ouabain receptors in rat brain microsomes.

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the influence of heavy metals on ouabain-binding in presence of thiol (sulfhydryl) compounds. The data on in vitro effects of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) showed significant inhibition of 3H-ouabain binding to microsomal membrane in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximum inhibition of 3H-ouabain binding was observed at 1 μM for Hg and 100 μM each for Pb and Cd. Preincubation with monothiol (L-cysteine or glutathione) or dithiol (dithiothreitol) protected inhibition of 3H-ouabain binding to the membranes by Hg or Pb. Dithiol but not monothiols partially protected Cd-inhibition. The present data confirm that the heavy metals interact with ouabain receptors in a manner similar to SH-blocking agents and protection of metal-inhibited 3H-ouabain binding by thiol compounds is metal specific.
Potentiation of Cell Migration by Adhesion-dependent Cooperative Signals from the GTPase Rac and Raf Kinase

The small GTPase Rac is thought to regulate cell movement by influencing actin cytoskeletal organization and membrane ruffling. However, cell migration also depends on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which can regulate myosin motor function, an event critical for cell contraction. Evidence is provided that, during active cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, Rac potentiates the MAPK pathway and influences cell migration by selectively synergizing with Raf kinase but not with Ras or MAPK kinase. In fact, the synergy between Rac and Raf kinase increases the chemotactic sensitivity of cells to epidermal growth factor by 1000-fold. Therefore, the role of Rac in cell migration not only depends on its ability to regulate actin cytoskeletal organization but also on its capacity to potentiate chemokine activation of MAPK in a manner that depends on active cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
Commitment Messages Communicated in Families of Origin: Contributions to Relationship Commitment Attitudes

Despite the wealth of research on relationship commitment, surprisingly little has examined the contributions communication in families of origin makes to perceptions of commitment. Data from a survey of 145 individuals revealed three types of individuals based on reports of commitment-related communication in families of origin: optimist, structural-optimist, and cautious. Results revealed that these three types of individuals differed on their beliefs, models, and expectations about commitment and romantic relationships. The study contributes to our understanding of the developmental origins of perceptions of commitment in relationships and the contributions communication in families of origin makes to those perceptions.
Real-time high-resolution sparse voxelization with application to image-based modeling

We present a system for real-time, high-resolution, sparse voxelization of an image-based surface model. Our approach consists of a coarse-to-fine voxel representation and a collection of parallel processing steps. Voxels are stored as a list of unsigned integer triples. An oracle kernel decides, for each voxel in parallel, whether to keep or cull its voxel from the list based on an image consistency criterion of its projection across cameras. After a prefix sum scan, kept voxels are subdivided and the process repeats until projected voxels are pixel size. These voxels are drawn to a render target and shaded as a weighted combination of their projections into a set of calibrated RGB images. We apply this technique to the problem of smooth visual hull reconstruction of human subjects based on a set of live image streams. We demonstrate that human upper body shapes can be reconstructed to giga voxel resolution at greater than 30 fps on modern graphics hardware.
Configural representations in spatial working memory: modulation by perceptual segregation and voluntary attention

In what form are multiple spatial locations represented in working memory? The present study revealed that people often maintain the configural properties (interitem relationships) of visuospatial stimuli even when this information is explicitly task-irrelevant. However, the results also indicated that the voluntary allocation of selective attention prior to stimulus presentation, as well as feature-based perceptual segregation of relevant from irrelevant stimuli, can eliminate the influence of stimulus configuration on location-change detection performance. In contrast, voluntary attention cued to the relevant target location following presentation of the stimulus array failed to attenuate these influences. Thus, whereas voluntary selective attention can isolate or prevent the encoding of irrelevant stimulus locations and configural properties, people, perhaps due to limitations in attentional resources, reliably fail to isolate or suppress configural representations that have been encoded into working memory.
A Case of Penetrating Glass Foreign Body Within the Renal Cortex

A 32-year-old patient sustained a penetrating injury to the left flank and kidney after a fall backward onto a glass table. On computed tomography imaging, a 12 × 10 × 4 cm glass shard was identified penetrating the renal cortex. The patient was taken to the operating room to remove the foreign object. A rubber-shodded clamp was used to successfully remove the glass shard without complication. Although we commonly encounter stab wounds at our trauma center, the penetrating object is rarely present. The presence of the glass object resulted in a technically challenging and rare case.
Tumor antigens as related to pancreatic cancer

Data are presented suggesting the presence of pancreas tumor-associated antigens. Slow progress has been made during the past few years in the identification of pancreatic tumor antigens that may be of clinical usefulness and it seems unlikely that many of the practical problems now being faced in identification and isolation of these antigens and in development of a specific, sensitive assay will be solved by conventional immunochemical approaches. The study of antigen and/or antibody purified from immune complexes in the host and the application of leukocyte adherence inhibition techniques to immunodiagnosis of pancreatic cancer are among the new approaches that may provide effective alternatives in the study of pancreatic tumor antigens.
Performance monitoring on the PowerPC 604 microprocessor

Performance monitors (PM) have been traditionally viewed as hardware luxuries only available to large/multichip processors. This perception is quickly changing thanks to the incorporation of monitoring instrumentation in most of the current high-volume microprocessors used in PCs and workstations. The PowerPC 604 uP has raised the standard of excellence in this area. It provides a wealth of very advanced features for analyzing system hardware, software, and symmetric multiprocessor systems. These capabilities are becoming indispensable as more function is moved from the system boards to the microprocessors. Furthermore, the PowerPC 604 is enhancing the effort of porting software between various architectures. Software vendors to system architects are currently taking advantage of these PowerPC 604 performance monitor capabilities with great success. Some of these companies include IBM, Apple, Motorola, Groupe Bull, and Microsoft among others.
Morbidity of systemic lupus erythematosus: role of race and socioeconomic status.

Abstract objective: To determine if differences in morbidity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as measured by (1) important renal disease, (2) number of hospitalizations, and (3) neurologic disease can be explained by race, socioeconomic status (SES), or measures of compliance. design: The interrelationship of black race, SES, and the physician's assessment of compliance as risk factors for morbidity was examined in a cohort of 198 patients with SLE (179 female, 115 black). SES was measured with Nam-Powers scores for education (years), income, and job status, and source of insurance; compliance was assessed by physician global assessment and percent of protocol visits kept. Morbidity outcomes were important renal disease (creatinine level 1.5 mg/dL or greater, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome), neurologic involvement, and number of hospitalizations. setting: The Johns Hopkins Rheumatology Faculty Practice, in which both private and clinic patients are seen. results: Black patients had significantly lower SES on all measures (p conclusions: These data fail to support an independent association of black race with morbidity in SLE; rather, they suggest that noncompliance (as measured by physician global assessment) and type of medical insurance are important factors in morbidity. Classical epidemiologic measures of SES (education, income, occupation) do not appear to be significant confounders of the relationship of race to morbidity in SLE.
Emotions in marital conflict interactions: Empathic accuracy, assumed similarity, and the moderating context of depressive symptoms

To examine affectivity in marital interaction, 267 couples participated in laboratory-based marital conflicts and afterward rated their own and their spouses’ emotions of positivity, anger, sadness, and fear. Actor—Partner Interdependence Models estimated empathic accuracy and assumed similarity effects, with symptoms of depression tested as a moderator. Depressive symptoms moderated spouses’ ratings of their partners’ negative emotions such that assumed similarity was higher and empathic accuracy was lower in the context of elevated depressive symptoms. The results suggest that depression may influence spouses’ judgments of how closely linked partner emotions are (i.e., assumed similarity) and spouses’ abilities to accurately perceive their partners’ negative emotions (i.e., empathic accuracy), potentially contributing to the established marital dysfunction—psychological distress cycle.
Receptivity of A Hypersonic Flat-Plate Boundary Layer to Steady Blowing-Suction

According to a previous study on the receptivity of a hypersonic flat-plate boundary layer to surface roughness [1] , no very strong transient growth was induced by small amplitude surface roughness. Furthermore, the technique of linear boundary condition transfer was proved to be valid only when the height of surface roughness was smaller than approximately one thirty-fifth of the boundary layer thickness. In order to excite stronger transient growth, one can use steady blowing-suction disturbance or finite height roughness. In this paper, the receptivity of the same hypersonic flat-plate boundary layer to steady three-dimensional blowing-suction is studied by numerical simulations. The free-stream flow conditions are the same as those of Maslov et al.s leading-edge receptivity experiment [2] . Steady base flow is firstly computed by solving compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a combination of a fifth-order shock-fitting method and a second-order total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme. In receptivity simulations, steady blowing-suction periodic in spanwise direction is introduced on the flat plate. The subsequent responses of the hypersonic boundary layer are simulated by solving three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with a fifth-order shock-fitting method and a Fourier collocation method. Effect of blowing-suction amplitude on the receptivity is investigated by considering three cases of receptivity simulations. The numerical results show that counter rotating streamwise vortices are induced by steady blowing-suction. Compared with small amplitude surface roughness, steady blowing-suction is more efficient in i nducing streamwise vortices. Transient growth excited by steady blowing-suction is stronger than that excited by small amplitude surface roughness. As a byproduct, it is noticed that the linear properties of steady blowing-suction disturbance are valid up to the amplitude of ǫ = 1.0 × 10 −3 . For even higher amplitude steady blowing-suction, the nonlinear effect becomes important. New method is needed to measure the transient growth.
The Elephant in the Room

Not too long ago, you might have seen her under a circus tent at a tawdry sideshow: The Fat Lady. She was a massive woman, more than seven hundred pounds on a five-foot frame. She had not chosen to be on view--in fact, in her early forties, she had confined herself to home because of her size. A fall followed by overwhelming infection led to her emergence. "They had to cut a hole in the wall to get her out," the nurses whispered. For The Fat Lady, the hospital was a constant ordeal of exposure. In and out we came, interns and residents and attendings, x-ray technicians, respiratory therapists, nurses, cleaning staff. She had to be turned and cleaned, intravenous lines had to be inserted, urinary catheters placed. Four people were needed to roll her bed down the hall, and six to turn her. One day, as we tried to estimate an appropriate dose of medication for someone of her size, I noted that she weighed as much as our five-person team combined. Nervous laughter followed. Yet it was critical to discuss her weight--her obesity defined her illness and limited our ability to help her. She could not fit into the CT scan machine, so the abdominal infection causing her sepsis could not be easily localized. She could not breathe lying in bed, so she needed a breathing machine. Her veins were nearly impossible to find, so intravenous medications were harder to provide. Although the weight was killing her, it seemed absurd and cruel to talk to her about it, like telling someone who was suffering from incurable lung cancer that they really should quit smoking sometime soon. There were, of course, the inevitable whispers outside her room: How could she let herself get that way? Her family must have some major issues. I've never seen anything like it. Even if she gets better, how will we get her out of that bed? The medical care a seven-hundred-pound woman receives in an intensive care unit at the end of her life may seem to have little to do with our obligations to the average overweight patient. Yet whether we are sitting in an ICU or a clinic, we are unwilling to meet the question face-to-face. Surveys suggest that doctors don't discuss obesity, even though we know well that it is a major cause of chronic illness and death. So why don't physicians bring it up? And what should my patients expect from me? If we consider obesity purely in medical terms, every patient should be weighed and measured and informed of health risks, treatments available, and followup required. …
Image reconstruction from projections under wavelet constraints

First, the authors discuss how the wavelet transform can be used to perform spatially-varying filtering of an image, suppressing noise locally in smooth regions of the image, and discuss detection of such regions in a noise-corrupted image. Second, they show how to compute the minimum mean-square estimate of an image given: (1) noisy projections of the image; (2) statistics of additive noise in the projections; and (3) constraints on wavelet coefficients of the image. Examples illustrate the resulting procedure. >
Alterations of CDKN2 (p16) in non‐small cell lung cancer

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor known as p16 (CDK41, CDKN2, INK4A, MTS1) has been proposed as a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome segment 9p21. We have evaluated CDKN2 alterations in 34 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with matched normal tissue controls and in 9 NSCLC cell lines by Southern blotting, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) with the polymerase chain reaction, and direct sequencing. In addition, loss of heterozygosity at chromosome segment 9p21, with the use of the microsatellite marker D9S171, was studied in these samples. Whereas CDKN2 was either deleted or mutated in NSCLC cell lines at a high frequency (6/9, 67%), alterations were much less frequent (7/34, 21%) in primary tumor samples. Only one sample contained a point mutation in exon 1 of CDKN2. In addition, two samples had homozygous deletions of CDKN2 in exon 1; one had a homozygous and three a hemizygous deletion of exon 2. Possibly normal tissue contaminating our tumor samples may have masked homozygous deletions in these cases. Four patient samples had LOH in the region of CDKN2 on chromosome segment 9p21; two of these samples had potentially inactivating alterations of CDKN2; one sample had a mutation of CDKN2, and the other had a homozygous deletion of exon 1. In summary, inactivation of CDKN2 is implicated in the development of about 20% of NSCLC, but the possibility of another tumor suppressor gene on chromosome segment 9p21 important in lung cancer cannot be eliminated.
Race and the decision making of juries

The relationship between race and jury decision making is a controversial topic that has received increased attention in recent years. While public and media discourse has focused on anecdotal evidence in the form of high-profile cases, legal researchers have considered a wide range of empirical questions including: To what extent does the race of a defendant affect the verdict tendencies of juries? Is this influence of race comparable for jurors of different races? In what ways does a jury's racial composition affect its verdict and deliberations? The present review examines both experimental and archival investigations of these issues. Though the extant literature is not always consistent and has devoted too little attention to the psychological mechanisms underlying the influence of race, this body of research clearly demonstrates that race has the potential to impact trial outcomes. This is a conclusion with important practical as well as theoretical implications when it comes to ongoing debates regarding jury representativeness, how to optimize jury performance, jury nullification and racial disparities in the administration of capital punishment. Language: en
Crystal Rotations Represented as Rodrigues Vectors

Rodrigues vectors are explored as a means of representing crystal orientation distributions. Relationships between the Rodrigues vectors and several more commonly utilized representations of rotations are presented. The restrictions which cubic material symmetry imposes on the Rodrigues space are examined and relationships for special equivalent configurations are developed. Common crystal orientation distributions are presented as Rodrigues vectors and compared to the more standard representations in terms of pole figures and Euler angles. Applications of the Rodrigues space for illustrating misorientations between neighboring grains are also discussed.
Predictions and determinants of size-resolved particle infiltration factors in single-family homes in the U.S.

Because people spend the majority of their time indoors and particles of outdoor origin infiltrate into buildings with varying efficiencies, human exposure to outdoor particles often occurs indoors. Relying on ambient measurements of particle concentrations alone can result in significant exposure misclassification in epidemiological studies; however, there remains a need to improve fundamental knowledge of the variation of particle infiltration across the building stock, particularly in residences. Therefore, this work develops a Monte Carlo simulation tool to predict the statistical distribution of time-averaged sizeresolved indoor proportions of outdoor particles, or ‘infiltration factors’, for 0.001e10 mm particles across the U.S. single-family residential building stock. The model is then used to estimate the likely bounds of size-resolved infiltration factors and to identify the most important influencing factors using best available data for nationwide distributions of several model inputs, including air exchange rates, envelope penetration factors, deposition rates, and others. Results suggest that size-resolved infiltration factors vary highly across U.S. residences, which is consistent with existing experimental data. Sizeresolved infiltration factors were strongly dependent on home characteristics and were predicted to vary by a factor of w20 to more than 100 from the least protective of homes (99th percentile) compared to the most protective (1st percentile), depending on particle size. These results suggest that a wide variability in size-resolved infiltration factors among U.S. residences should be accounted for in future epidemiology studies. This work also identifies several existing data gaps that should be addressed to improve knowledge of size-resolved infiltration factors in homes.
Aromatic polyethers, polysulfones, and polyketones as laminating resins. III

4,4′-Diphenoxydiphenylsulfone was polymerized with isophthaloyl chloride and terephthaloyl chloride in Friedel-Crafts polymerizations. These polymers had 5-cyanoisophthaloyl units in the backbone obtained either by using 1,3-bis(p-phenoxybenzoyl)-5-cyanobenzene or 5-cyanoisophthaloyl chloride as part of the acid chloride monomer. A terpolymer having 22 wt-% 5-cyanoisophthaloyl unit was also prepared from the Friedel-Crafts polymerization of 1,3-bis(p-phenoxybenzenesulfonyl)benzene and 5-cyanoisophthaloyl chloride. These terpolymers were crosslinked through heating to give insoluble products which proved to be thermally less stable than the uncrosslinked polymers.
The Dynamic Interplay Between Employees' Feedback-Seeking Strategies and Supervisors' Delivery of Performance Feedback

This article examines the relationship between employees' feedback-seeking behavior and the informal performance feedback they receive from their supervisors. The focus is on those situations in which the employee is performing poorly. The central thesis is that when employees suspect that they are performing poorly, they often use feedback-seeking strategies that tend to minimize the amount of negative performance feedback they receive. Processes operating on both sides of the supervisor-employee interaction are identified as likely contributors to this effect. For the employee, these processes are rooted in a deep-seated motivation to maintain a positive self-esteem, and for the supervisor, they are rooted in an underlying reluctance about giving negative performance feedback.