cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical predictors of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a clinical prediction model that identifies respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants and young children. Methods: Children ≤ 36 months of age with respiratory illness, who were suspected of having RSV infection, were enrolled in this prospective cohort study during the study period between January and February 2002. RSV testing was performed on all patients. Results: Of the 197 patients enrolled in the study, 126 (64%) were positive for RSV and 71 (36%) patients were either negative for RSV or had a positive culture for viruses other than RSV. The mean age of patients was 5 months and 57% were male. Backwards stepwise logistic regression analysis identified cough (p = 0.000), wheezing (p = 0.002), and retractions (p = 0.008) as independent variables predictive of RSV infection. The prediction model had a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI, 71–87%), specificity of 68% (95% CI, 54–79%), positive predictive value 82% (95% CI, 74–89%), negative predictive value 66% (95% CI, 52–77), positive likelihood ratio 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8–3.7) and post-test probability of 82%. Conclusion: The combination of cough, wheezing and retractions predicts RSV infection in infants and young children.
Lack of Functional Suppression of Pancreatic Beta Cells During Chronic Insulin Replacement in the Rat

The effects of prolonged treatment with insulin upon beta cell function were studied in rats. After 5 months of daily insulin treatment with doses of 1.0 U/rat or 1.0 U/100 g body weight, the blood glucose responses to intravenous glucose and to tolbutamide were indistinguishable from responses in controls injected daily with saline or injected biweekly with antigenic doses of insulin. The lower doses of insulin (3 times calculated daily replacement) resulted in hypoglycemia only if food was withheld, whereas hypoglycemia was present to some degree throughout the day in the group receiving the higher dose of insulin (10 times calculated replacement). Pancreatic insulin content was reduced only in this latter group. Neither group receiving insulin displayed increased food consumption, increased body weight or change in adrenal and pituitary weight compared to the control group. Of the possible mechanisms for inhibition of the storage of endogenous insulin by exogenous replacement, a chronic reduction in th...
Industry-University IP Relations: Integrating Perspectives and Policy Solutions

Despite a long and productive U.S. history, industry-university (I-U) relations have become increasingly testy around intellectual property (IP). The Bayh-Dole Act is cited the driver for sharply increased university patenting, less fundamental research focus, and disinterest in traditional missions, although there is little data to corroborate these conclusions. A National Science Foundation (NSF)-sponsored workshop points to I-U relationship issues in the context of the path a new technology must follow from lab to market. We propose some critical variables affecting I-U IP relationships; describe areas of agreement and contention between the parties, drawing also on secondary data and the broader literature of I-U relations; and offer IP policy observations of interest to universities, researchers and technology transfer managers, their industry counterparts, and government. We end with propositions for further research
Technique for a composite femoral intramedullary plug in cemented hip arthroplasty

A brief technique to place a cement plug on top of a polyethylene is presented. This technique has helped the authors obtain better cement mantles when they are plugging the canal in total hip replacement.
Solution-Phase Synthesis of Dipeptides: A Capstone Project That Employs Key Techniques in an Organic Laboratory Course

A contemporary approach to the synthesis and purification of several UV-active dipeptides has been developed for the second-year organic laboratory. This experiment exposes students to the important technique of solution-phase peptide synthesis and allows an instructor to highlight the parallel between what they are accomplishing in the laboratory to the advancements being made in the pharmaceutical industry. By illustrating the importance of protecting group strategy and stereochemistry preservation, while also reinforcing the various separatory and purification techniques learned throughout the typical laboratory course, this experiment serves as an excellent candidate for a capstone project that assesses students’ mastery of important techniques learned in an introductory organic laboratory course.
Development of diurnal organization of EEG slow-wave activity and slow-wave sleep in the rat

This study characterizes the development of diurnal patterns of slow-wave sleep (SWS) distribution and SWS electroencephalographic (EEG) delta-power (DP) density in 12- to 24-day-old rats (P12-P24). Diurnal organization in sleep-wake distribution was established by P20. A decline in SWS DP across the light phase did not appear until P24. Before P20, SWS DP increased across the light phase in a pattern inverse to that typically seen in adult rats. At P20, SWS DP was evenly distributed across the light phase, and at P24, SWS DP declined across the light phase. The transient dissociation between diurnal organization in sleep-wake cycles and SWS DP suggests that circadian and homeostatic sleep regulatory mechanisms develop at different rates in the postnatal period.
An Interpolation Method for Functions of Two Variables with Applications to Radiation Measurements

An interpolation method is developed for functions of two variables. This approach uses semiempirical formulas with several parameters, avoiding the large data base and repetitious calculations characteristic of the usual interpolation methods. Two examples illustrate the method. In principle, the method can be extended to cases with more than two variables.
Multiscale Simulation and Modeling of Multilayer Heteroepitactic Growth of C60 on Pentacene.

We apply multiscale methods to describe the strained growth of multiple layers of C60 on a thin film of pentacene. We study this growth in the presence of a monolayer pentacene step to compare our simulations to recent experimental studies by Breuer and Witte of submonolayer growth in the presence of monolayer steps. The molecular-level details of this organic semiconductor interface have ramifications on the macroscale structural and electronic behavior of this system and allow us to describe several unexplained experimental observations for this system. The growth of a C60 thin film on a pentacene surface is complicated by the differing crystal habits of the two component species, leading to heteroepitactical growth. In order to probe this growth, we use three computational methods that offer different approaches to coarse-graining the system and differing degrees of computational efficiency. We present a new, efficient reaction–diffusion continuum model for 2D systems whose results compare well with me...
A Differentiating Machine

(1916). A Differentiating Machine. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 23, No. 8, pp. 292-295.
A Rare Case Report of Immobility-Induced Hypercalcemia in an Infant

Immobility-induced hypercalcemia is a rare cause of hypercalcemia in children, and to our knowledge it has never been reported in an infant. Infants and children are in a state of high bone turnover. Therefore, they are prone to the imbalance of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity that occurs with prolonged immobilization, leading to hypercalcemia. Here we present the case of an infant with hypercalcemia who presented with fatigue, irritability, and failure to thrive after prolonged immobilization. Therapeutic interventions were conservative and included hydration and increased mobility leading to complete resolution. This case highlights the importance of including this rare entity in a differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia as well as screening postsurgical patients with prolonged immobility for hypercalcemia.
Theoretical Study of SiH2n2+ (n = 1−3) Dications1

Structures and energies of SiH2n2+ (n = 1−3) dications were calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2pd) levels. Contrary to the previously reported theoretical studies at the HF/6-31G* level, the singlet SiH22+ is not of linear D∞h symmetric 1 but a C2v symmetrical 2 with a two electron three center (3c-2e) bond. The structure 2 is significantly more stable than 1 by 14.7 kcal/mol. For calibration, structures 1 and 2 were also calculated at the ab initio CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level and found results which are in good agreement with the DFT results. DFT calculations also indicate that the singlet SiH42+ is not of C2v symmetric 4 with a 3c-2e bond but a C2v symmetric 5 with two 3c-2e bonds. The C2v symmetric 7 with two 3c-2e bonds and two 2c-2e bonds was found to be the global minimum for SiH62+ dications.
A New Specification/Design/Implementation Paradigm for Real-Time Avionics Architecture and Systems

The Software Productivity Consortium’s new “Ada-based Design Approach for Real-Time Systems (ADARTS)” bridges the gap between systems requirements, software requirements, software design and Ada implementation by a series of well defined steps. ADARTS extends real-time structured analysis principles, such as the Ward/Mellor and Hatley/Pirbhai methods to generate specifications, am plying object-oriented design methods and Clements/Heninger cost reduction perspectives to Ada implementation.
Influence on Selective Catalytic Reduction and Heating Efficiency of Boiler by Feed Water Temperature with Low Load

When the unit is running with lower load,reaction temperature of selective catalytic reduction(SCR)is lower than range of optimal reaction temperature of catalyst which may cause denitration efficiency of SCR low even make the unit decommission.Aiming at the above problem,a measure of adding No.0high pressure heater was adopted to improve running characteristic of SCR denitrtion system which might affect heating efficiency of the boiler however.In order to study influence of adding No.0high pressure heater on SCR denitration efficiency and heating efficiency of the boiler,one 600 MW unit of some Guangdong power plant was taken for a research object to firstly carry on an initial design on parameters of No.0high pressure heater and then thermodynamic calculation on the unit.In addition,influence on SCR denitration efficiency and heating efficiency of the boiler by respectively raising feed water temperature of 10 ℃,20 ℃ and30 ℃ with respective 50%load,60%load and 70%load was analyzed.
Assessment of impaired coordination between respiration and deglutition in children and young adults with ataxia telangiectasia.

Aim This cross-sectional investigation aimed to assess the value of non-invasive measures of temporal respiratory–swallow coupling in individuals with ataxic swallowing. Method Twenty participants (11 males, 9 females; range 9-21y) with ataxia telangiectasia were presented with water and pudding boluses. Their 193 swallows were compared with 2200 swallows from 82 age-matched healthy controls. The two components of airway protection during swallowing that were analyzed were: direction of peri-deglutitive airflow and duration of deglutitive inhibition of respiratory airflow (DIORA). Results Safe expiratory patterns of peri-deglutitive airflow occurred significantly less often in participants with ataxia telangiectasia than in age-matched control participants (younger p<0.015 and older p<0.001). The frequency of an expiratory pattern of peri-deglutitive airflow increased with age in participants in the comparison group (p=0.006), but not in those with ataxia telangiectasia (p=0.234). With age, mean duration of DIORA decreased in controls (p<0.001) but was unchanged in participants with ataxia telangiectasia (p=0.164). Interpretation Non-invasive quantitative measures of respiratory–swallow coupling capture temporal relationships that plausibly contribute to airway compromise from dysphagia. Changes in respiratory–swallow coupling observed with advancing age in control participants were not seen in participants with ataxia telangiectasia. Measures of perturbations may herald swallowing problems prior to development of pulmonary and nutritional sequelae.
Effect of Practice on True Score and Intra-Individual Variability for Reaction and Movement Times for Simple and Complex Movements

Abstract The effect of practice on individual differences and intra-individual variability in reaction and movement times were studied for simple and complex, discrete, motor tasks. Changes with practice for intertrial correlations of adjacent trials and the effects of an increasing number of interpolated trials on intertrial correlations were also observed. For both tasks and for both reaction and movement times, the intra-individual variability decreased with practice. The true score variability for reaction time on both tasks and for movement time on the simple task shows little change with practice. On the complex task, true score variability for movement time decreases with practice. For movement time, adjacent trial correlations increase during the early practice trials then remain stable. For reaction time adjacent trial correlations increase throughout practice. Remoteness effects on intertrial correlations were found for both movement and reaction times for both tasks.
Glioma of the Central Nervous System

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a component of the World Health Organization (WHO), estimated that there were 189,485 new cases of CNS glioma (specified as cancer of the brain and other nervous system) worldwide in 2002 [1]. The IARC also estimated that there were 141,650 deaths due to this cause in 2002 [1].
‘Dead’ and ‘Deceased’

How is it, then, with other of Dummett’s examples of tone? The passage quoted from The Logical Basis of Metaphysics in §2.5 contains eight more pairs: ‘dead’—‘deceased’, ‘woman’—‘lady’, ‘vous’—‘tu’, ‘rabbit’—‘bunny’, ‘womb’—‘uterus’, ‘enemy’—‘foe’, and ‘politician’—‘statesman’. Dummett’s inclusion of this last pair strikes me as rather surprising; perhaps it is merely overly hasty. The difference in meaning between ‘politician’ and ‘statesman’ is sufficiently large-grained to effect a difference in truth and falsity. To quote Henry Adams, “They were statesmen not politicians; they guided public opinion, but were little guided by it”.
A Poisson limit for the departure process from a queue with many busy servers

Abstract We establish a limit theorem supporting a Poisson approximation for the departure process from a multi-server queue that tends to have many busy servers. This limit can support approximating a flow out of such a queue in a complex queueing network by an independent Poisson source. The main ideas are: (i) to scale time so that previous many-server heavy-traffic limits can be applied and (ii) for time-varying arrival-rate functions, to scale (spread out) time by a large factor about each fixed time.
CHAPTER 7 – Introduction to Shape Writing

This chapter introduces "shape writing," a novel form of writing that uses pen strokes on graphical keyboards to write text. It describes the basic concept of shape writing, followed by the human-performance considerations and rationales that guided its iterative design and development process in the past few years. Shape writing is analyzed in relation to the multiple dimensions of goodness of text entry. Shape writing, also known as shorthand-aided rapid keyboarding (SHARK), is a writing method designed to enable users to enter text efficiently at a faster rate than previously possible on mobile phones, handheld computers, and other mobile devices. It can also be used with external tablets connected to desktop computers for those who need an effective alternative to two-handed touch-typing on a physical keyboard. The basic concept of shape writing is rather simple. A shape-writing system displays a graphical keyboard to the user. Instead of tapping each individual letter key explicitly and precisely, the user slides the pen all over the letter keys in a word sequentially on the graphical keyboard. © 2007 Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MRI Caudate and Cingulate Volumetric Changes Related to ADHD Treatment

Caudate and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volumes, measured by structural MRI, were compared in children with ADHD, previously treated and untreated, and controls, in a study at the University of Texas, San Antonio and Austin; and researchers from the UK and Canada.
Modelos em movimento: os contos de Machado de Assis

In reference to the question of characterization, Machado de Assis’ theoretical statements are consistent and show a commitment to psychological truth. At the same time, the author’s doubts about the Realist school are manifest as a method of characterization different from the usual practice of creating lifelike individuals. Machado’s interest, widely demonstrated in his short stories, is more relational and consists of building models of contrasting personalities or perspectives. Frequently this contrary relationship between characters suggests opposing theories. However, the categorical nature of such dichotomies is generally called into question through devices such as the double
An energy efficient decoding scheme for nonlinear MIMO-OFDM network using reservoir computing

Reservoir computing (RC) is attracting widespread attention in several signal processing domains owing to its nonlinear stateful computation. It deals particularly well with time-series prediction tasks and reduces training complexity over recurrent neural networks. It is also suitable for hardware implementation whereby device physics are utilized in performing data processing. In this paper, the RC concept is applied to modeling a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system. Due to the harsh propagation environment, the transmitted signal undergoes severe distortion that must be compensated for at the receiver. The nonlinear distortion introduced by the power amplifier at the transmitter further complicates this process. An effective channel estimation scheme is therefore required. In this paper, we introduce a MIMO-OFDM channel estimation scheme utilizing Echo State Network (ESN). Echo State Networks are powerful recurrent neural networks that can predict time-series very well. They acts as a black-box for system modeling purposes and models nonlinear dynamic systems efficiently. Simulation results for the bit error rate of the nonlinear MIMO-OFDM system show that the introduced channel estimator outperforms commonly used channel estimation schemes.
Data transformation and migration in polystores

Ever increasing data size and new requirements in data processing has fostered the development of many new database systems. The result is that many data-intensive applications are underpinned by different engines. To enable data mobility there is a need to transfer data between systems easily and efficiently. We analyze the state-of-the-art of data migration and outline research opportunities for a rapid data transfer. Our experiments explore data migration between a diverse set of databases, including PostgreSQL, SciDB, S-Store and Accumulo. Each of the systems excels at specific application requirements, such as transactional processing, numerical computation, streaming data, and large scale text processing. Providing an efficient data migration tool is essential to take advantage of superior processing from that specialized databases. Our goal is to build such a data migration framework that will take advantage of recent advancement in hardware and software.
Student Evaluations of Teaching: There Is More to Course Evaluations Than Student Ratings

With the end of the academic year nearly upon us, my advice is: Do not rely only on student evaluations of teaching for making decisions about course revision and judging the quality of your teaching. Student evaluations are important, but they are an insufficient source of information about your co
Efficiency and Welfare Considerations in Integrated Agriculture

VERTICAL integration, often suggesting a myriad of coordinating activities, will here imply control by complete or partial ownership, with capital flowing from the integrating to the integrated industry. The two types of integrated agriculture, then, would be ownership of farms by supply or processing firms and ownership of supply or processing firms by farmers. While the latter seems to be the more general pattern of integrated agriculture, the ownership or even contractual control of farms by supply or processing firms causes by far the most ruckus. Efficiency and welfare questions arise from both types of integration. The thrust and direction of such questions are quite different, however. Over the years, a case has been made for integration by farmers. Where farmers have successfully integrated supply or processing operations, it has been judged in the interest of both the farmer and society at large., Either efficiency is improved or an alternative to monopolistic buying or selling is provided. Since farmers enter these arrangements of their own initiative and the institutions created must compete with conventional channels, it is hard to make a case against integration by farmers. The reasons why farmers buy supply or processing facilities are significant here. It is not to improve production efficiency. It is not to obtain better industry coordination.2 It is almost always to provide a 'less monopolistic" market outlet or supply or to provide services not otherwise available. The farmer who joins his neighbor in buying a dairy plantthrough which he expects to sell his milk-does not integrate production and marketing functions in any significant way. He merely sends his milk to a different and competing processor, which he controls, in hopes of getting higher prices and/or an assured market. Integration of agricultural production by other industries seems to be significantly different in a few ways. A farmer may own a few revolving shares of a half dozen farmer-owned supply or processing outfits, but this ownership will affect his production operations very little. On the other
One-year weight change and long-term sickness absence in professional firefighters

Background Little is known about the association between weight change (particularly moderate weight loss, 5-10% in initial weight) and long-term sickness absence (LSA) in working populations. Methods Three hundred and forty professional firefighters reported their current and past (1 year ago) weights in a cross-sectional survey, along with their LSA experience due to a severe accident, injury, or illness during the previous 12 months. Results The prevalence of LSA was 14.7%. In the non-smoking male firefighters, the prevalence of LSA was 3.4% in those with moderate weight loss over the past year; 13.3% in those who maintained their weight; and 21.7% in those who gained their weight moderately: gamma coefficient, 0.44 (95%CI: 0.05, 0.66). The linear association remained significant after further controlling for age and alcohol consumption. And it was similar across the adiposity strata (normal weight, overweight, and obesity) of the firefighters 1 year ago. Conclusions One-year weight loss was associated with decreased risk of LSA in professional firefighters.
Animal Models for Studying Substance Use Disorder: Place and Taste Conditioning

Preclinical animal research has contributed greatly to our understanding of numerous human disease states and will continue to provide a method for investigating the various biochemical events, physiological processes, and behavioral implications of various diseases. For substance use disorder, this research has enabled scientists to gain a greater understanding of the neurochemical events involved in the brain’s response to drugs, both licit and illicit, and to provide a means by which to design and test novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions. To enable these discoveries, scientists have developed numerous animal models that attempt to replicate human drug addiction. The current review explores two popular Pavlovian conditioning procedures, conditioned place preference and conditioned taste aversion, used to investigate the rewarding and aversive effects (respectively) of drugs of abuse. For each procedure, a brief history of the field is followed by the advantages of the procedures and a step-by-step explanation of each procedure’s conditioning protocol.
Retention and recruitment of general dentists in an adjunct teaching model-A pilot study.

Purpose/Objectives Retention and recruitment of part time clinical adjunct faculty members in dental education is becoming increasingly difficult as dental schools come to rely on this workforce for their increased involvement in clinical education. Contributing factors include full time faculty shortage, aging workforce, practice and student debt, practice and family commitments, and financial compensation. This study attempts to ascertain barriers to teaching so appropriate strategies can be formulated to address this issue. Methods In the spring of 2016 an email survey was sent to current and former adjunct faculty members to ascertain demographics and retention and recruitment strategies. Descriptive analyses were completed for all variables in the sample. Results Twenty nine of forty six subjects responded to the survey with a response rate of 63%. Subjects over the age of sixty comprised 55% with only 17% being under the age of forty five. Overall family and practice commitments along with compensation were the primary barriers to teaching part time. For new dentists, student loan debt was the primary barrier to teaching. Travel to teach was also a barrier as 70% of respondents drove 200 miles or less to the dental school. Conclusion The study demonstrated that the aging part time work force is a great concern and new part time clinical adjunct faculty members must be recruited. Barriers to recruitment and retention of faculty must be considered and addressed to sustain this teaching model.
Evaluating real-time effects of topical 1:1000 epinephrine in endoscopic sinus and skull-base surgery on hemodynamic parameters through intraoperative arterial line monitoring.

Background Administration of topical 1:1000 epinephrine is commonly used in practice to achieve vasoconstriction during endoscopic sinus surgery and skull-base surgery; however, real-time effects on cardiovascular changes from systemic absorption have not been well studied. Methods Twenty-six patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary lesion at a single institution were included into the study. Following arterial line placement by anesthesiology, 6 cottonoid pledgets soaked in 1:1000 epinephrine were placed into the bilateral nasal passages. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure were collected at baseline, 30 seconds, and increments in minutes up to 10 minutes. Additional potentially confounding factors such as use of antihypertensives, stress dose steroids, and positioning with head pins were all performed following termination of data collection. Results The majority of patients (20/26, 77%) showed no significant change in any parameter following placement of epinephrine soaked cottonoids. Six patients, however, had transient increases in blood pressure following administration of topical epinephrine, with a few requiring vasodilatory interventions. Return to baseline cardiovascular values were noted after an average of 7 minutes. There was no correlative preoperative characteristic that predicted sensitivity to placement of epinephrine. There were no lasting or permanent effects. Conclusion Although intranasal topical 1:1000 epinephrine use showed no substantial hemodynamic changes in the majority of patients, in a subset of patients it can cause significant transient elevations in blood pressure to a degree necessitating intervention. Topical epinephrine should be used judiciously in endoscopic sinus surgery.
Current Practices in Reporting Uncertainty in Ecosystem Ecology

Ecosystem budgets of water and elements can be difficult to estimate and are often unreplicated, making it challenging to provide confidence in estimates of ecosystem pools and fluxes. We conducted a survey to learn about current practices in reporting uncertainties in precipitation, streamflow, soils, and vegetation. Uncertainty derives from natural variation, which is commonly characterized by replicate samples, and from imperfect knowledge, which includes measurement error and model error (model fit and model selection). We asked questions about whether researchers report uncertainties in these sources, whether they know how to do so, and how important they believe the sources to be. We also asked questions about identifying missing or unusable values, filling gaps in data, and dealing with analytical concentrations below detection limits. We obtained responses from 140 researchers representing 90 research sites around the world. Natural variation was the most important source of uncertainty in calculations of biomass and soil pools, according to respondents in these fields, and sampling error was the source they most often reported. In contrast, uncertainty in the chemical analysis of precipitation and stream water was the source most commonly reported by hydrologists, although they rated this one of the least important sources of uncertainty to calculations of hydrologic flux. Awareness of types of uncertainty can help identify sources of uncertainty that may have been overlooked, and quantifying them will help determine which sources are most important to report.
Laparoscopic Ventral and Incisional Hernia Repair with Closure of the Fascial Defect

Ventral and incisional hernia defects may be addressed by a variety of open or minimally invasive techniques. Laparoscopy is advantageous as it reduces wound morbidities, expedites return of bowel function, decreases hospital length of stay, and often offers superior cosmesis. Despite this, the vast majority of hernia repairs continue to be performed via traditional open surgical methods. In open hernia repair, recreation of the linea alba along with medializing of the rectus abdominis muscles to restore abdominal wall function is considered standard when possible. Yet, early experience with laparoscopic incisional hernia repair entailed simply bridging the primary fascial defect with mesh without closure. Recent evidence in favor of closure of the fascial defect suggests that it may reduce the rate of seroma formation, improve mesh integration, and reduce recurrence rates. Failure to close hernia defects may also lead to functional deficiencies and cosmetic dissatisfaction from bulging. This chapter overviews the approach at our center to laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair with closure of the fascial defect.
Feminist Theory and Social Policy or Why Is Welfare so Hard to Reform

More than 10 years ago Henry Aaron wrote a classic paper entitled "Why Is Welfare So Hard to Reform?" (1973). This paper answers that question from the perspective of the new discipline of Women's Studies. The author suggests that the use of feminist theories; notably those of Hartsock and Chodorow; can further one's recognition and understanding of male bias in social policy development. Tracing the history of U.S. welfare policies for women and children the analysis provides explanations for the differential treatment of women in the welfare system and the failure of work strategies to increase poor women's economic independence. Flaws in proposals for welfare reform are discussed and some suggestions for the development of new models of policy analysis are made. --------------------The emerging discipline of Women's Studies is changing the face of various endeavors in Society, both within and without academia. In social work the new women's consciousness has provided enlightenment with regard to women's experience, such as considerations of what constitutes mental health,(l) the "discovery" of wife battering (2) and sexism in the profession.(3) New methods of helping women cope with experiences particular to them have been developed, such as methods for the treatment of battered wives and the development of wo-
The Call Graph Browser

One of the first visualization tools we wrote for the FIELD environment was the call graph browser flowview. Its purpose was to demonstrate that program visualization was practical for large systems. We wanted to show that large call graphs could be displayed graphically and that graphical browsing and interaction with such a display was worthwhile.
An architecture for virtual worlds

This paper presents a system architecture for creating interactive, multisensory, three-dimensional environments called virtual worlds. The architecture specifically addresses the requirements of virtual worlds for high performance, flexibility, and coordination of concurrent events. Performance is enhanced by a distributed client/server system structure and by efficient overlap of processing time and input/output delay. All processes communicate via asynchronous messages. The functional partitioning of a virtual world requires relatively low bandwidth among the individual processes and the system can be implemented over a conventional local-area network. A key element of this architecture is a central, event-driven dialogue manager that coordinates concurrent input and output events. The dialogue manager provides a clear separation of the interaction techniques from the content of the virtual world as defined by the application. The system is flexible and easily reconfigurable. An interaction technique can be readily changed or replaced because each interaction device is modularized into a separate server and each interaction modality into a separate subdialogue. Subdialogues can be loaded and dropped dynamically, enabling input/output device remapping and the selection of interaction techniques while a virtual world is running. As an initial test of this architecture we have implemented a virtual world for interacting with data from a computational fluid dynamics simulation.
Abstract 666: Gut microbiota SCFA modulates DCs antigen presentation and impacts tumor response to radiotherapy

Alterations in gut microbiota modulate host physiologic functions, including immune responses, and they play a role in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cancer. Radiotherapy (RT), an established curative and palliative cancer treatment, exerts potent immune modulatory effects, inducing tumor-associated antigen (TAA) cross-priming with antitumor CD8+ T cell elicitation and abscopal effects. Herein, we tested whether the gut microbiota modulates antitumor immune response following RT. Vancomycin, an antibiotic that acts mainly on gram-positive bacteria and is restricted to the gut, potentiated the RT-induced antitumor immune response and tumor growth inhibition. This synergy was dependent on tumor-associated antigen cross-presentation enanchement, cytolytic CD8+ T cells and on IFN-g. Notably, butyrate, a metabolite produced by the vancomycin-depleted gut bacteria, abrogated the vancomycin effect. In conclusion, gram-positive bacteria depletion by vancomycin enhances the antitumor activity of RT, which has important clinical ramifications. Citation Format: Andrea Facciabene, Stavros Rafail, Luis Gil de Gomez, Stefano Pierini, Mireia Uribe-Herranz, Kyle Bittinger. Gut microbiota SCFA modulates DCs antigen presentation and impacts tumor response to radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 666.
TCT-399 Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by transient and reversible left ventricular dysfunction typically precipitated by physical or emotional stressor. Although there are many reported cases of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy complicated by left ventricular thrombus formation and subsequent systemic
Geometric Symmetry of Dielectric Antenna Influencing Light Absorption in Quantum-Sized Metal Nanocrystals: A Comparative Study

Silica nanoparticles, optically transparent in the visible spectral region, represent a class of dielectric antenna to tune the propagation and local field distribution of the visible light through surface scattering while the energy loss is minimized. The light scattering on the surface of silica nanoparticles include resonant scattering and random scattering that strongly depend on their geometry: spherical silica nanoparticles with the highest geometrical symmetry favors the light scattering resonances on the nanoparticle surfaces to promote resonant scattering while non-spherical silica nanoparticles mainly support random scattering. Both resonant scattering and random scattering of light on the silica nanoparticles are capable of enhancing the light absorption in quantum-sized metal nanocrystals attached to the surfaces of the silica nanoparticles. The contributions of resonant scattering and random scattering to the enhancement of light absorption have been compared and discussed. The understanding highlights the importance of the geometry of the silica nanoparticle antenna on the design and synthesis of composite materials for efficient light harvesting.
Evangelical globalism and the internationalization of Sudan’s second civil war

The roles played by evangelical Christians in the internationalization of Sudan’s second civil war (1983–2005) illustrate the multidirectional effects of faith-based interventions into the global s...
On bivariate pseudo-exponential distributions

A bivariate conditionally specified distribution is one in which the dependence relationship between the two random variables is accomplished by defining the distribution of one of the random varia...
Genuine Leisure: “Eat to Live, Don’t Live to Eat”

In this chapter, I will discuss diverse forms of fake and genuine leisure. Genuine leisure involves the realization of people’s existential needs for self-actualization, self-fulfillment, self-realization, and self-transcendence. Authentic leisure requires people’s unconditional well-being and an unconditional safety net, resources for their creativity, a social environment of people with similar and dissimilar leisurely interests, good health, and education promoting people’s authorship. It takes diverse forms like play, intrinsic education, passionate endeavors, and hanging out with friends. Genuine leisure requires different societal, cultural values, and a different organization of the society (e.g., economy, politics).
Beet curly top virus transmission, epidemiology, and management

Abstract Beet curly top viruses (BCTVs) are transmitted by leafhopper to a wide range of host plants, including many crop and weed hosts, and cause significant annual losses to irrigated agriculture in the western United States. The strains of BCTV, which show host-plant specificity, have changed over time, with new strains arising as recombinants. The beet leafhopper overwinters on weed hosts and moves from those hosts as they dry in the spring, feeding on crop plants, even nonpreferred hosts such as chili peppers and tomatoes, in their search for summer hosts. In New Mexico, the leafhoppers overwinter on mustard weeds such as London rocket and oversummer on weed hosts such as kochia, and cause significant losses to chili pepper and tomato crops. Management of curly top virus in New Mexico on these hosts is most effective when leafhopper numbers and disease can be predicted in advance and effective cultural controls can be implemented.
Tibetan dichotomy exposed in the Canadian Shield: A lower crustal perspective

Abstract It has been hypothesized that much of central and eastern Tibet coincides with gravitationally driven flow of weak lower continental crust. Magnetotelluric profiles throughout Tibet reveal several deep crustal zones of high conductivity inferred to represent either melt-weakened channelized flow of deep crust or alternatively, migration of fluids or melts along shear zone-fault systems. In eastern Tibet, some workers suggest that deep crustal flow is diverted around cratonic lithosphere beneath the Sichuan basin. This behavior requires a weak versus strong rheological dichotomy in the lower crust. Evidence for this behavior is presented from a deeply exhumed granulite terrane (>0.6–1.6 GPa) in the western Canadian Shield. Data support the hypothesis that at 1.95–1.90 Ga, lower crust northwest of the >400 km-long Grease River shear zone was melt-weakened while lower crust southeast of the Grease River shear zone was dehydrated and strong. Strain localization and dextral transpressive shearing occurred at 1.91–1.90 Ga along the Grease River shear zone – the locus of a rheological dichotomy that represents a field-based analog for lower crust beneath the eastern Tibetan plateau. This work demonstrates that rheology of the lower continental crust can be spatially heterogeneous at 750 °C) and granulite-grade metamorphism is favored in “first-cycle” metasedimentary biotite-rich protoliths, though melt extraction can decrease this fertility. Older and previously dehydrated poly-metamorphic granulites tend to be stronger and less prone to pervasive lower crustal flow.
Phased Array Design Concepts for Lamb Wave Mode Tuning

Experimental tuning of guided wave modes can be performed to search the dispersion space for modes with optimal detection capabilities. An ability to tune to a mode with maximum flaw sensitivity is essential to effective guided wave inspection of plates. A variable angle beam and a comb transducer with variable spacing are two approaches to perform mode tuning. These approaches can be difficult to implement in an efficient manner. This study focuses on the development of a multi-channel phased array transducer system with the potential to electronically search the dispersion space. The phase velocity spectrum of the output of the transducer is computed theoretically to analyze mode excitation and determine the influence of parameters. Analysis of the phase velocity spectrum shows that mode selection and control can be optimized by maximizing the loading length as well as the number of elements.
Hardware-Software Co-integration for Configurable 5G mmWave Systems

Directional communication systems based on millimeter-wave phased arrays have reached a significant level of maturity and have entered the commercial space for 5G networks. In order to realize their full potential, Si -based phased arrays must be integrated efficiently at the system level with digital control electronics, firmware, and software. This paper describes key architecture approaches for such vertical integration from digital-RF co-integration in the IC to API definition in software. The important benefits of low-latency and versatile control of beam forming and radio functions from high-level APIs is illustrated with application examples at 28 GHz including directional channel sounding, spatio-temporal beamforming, and 3D imaging.
Highly efficient generation of canker resistant sweet orange enabled by an improved CRISPR/Cas9 system

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is the most economically important species for the citrus industry. However, it is susceptible to many diseases including citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) that triggers devastating effects on citrus production. Conventional breeding has not met the challenge to improve disease resistance of sweet orange due to the long juvenility and other limitations. CRISPR-mediated genome editing has shown promising potentials for genetic improvements of plants. Generation of biallelic/homozygous mutants remains difficult for sweet orange due to low transformation rate, existence of heterozygous alleles for target genes and low biallelic editing efficacy using the CRISPR technology. Here, we report improvements in the CRISPR/Cas9 system for citrus gene editing. Based on the improvements we made previously (dicot codon optimized Cas9, tRNA for multiplexing, a modified sgRNA scaffold with high efficiency, CsU6 to drive sgRNA expression), we further improved our CRISPR/Cas9 system by choosing superior promoters (CmYLCV or CsUbi promoter) to drive Cas9 and optimizing culture temperature. This system was able to generate a biallelic mutation rate of up to 89% for Carrizo citrange and 79% for Hamlin sweet orange. Consequently, this system was used to generate canker resistant Hamlin sweet orange by mutating the effector binding element (EBE) of canker susceptibility gene CsLOB1, which is required for causing canker symptoms by Xcc. Six biallelic Hamlin sweet orange mutant lines in the EBE were generated. The biallelic mutants are resistant to Xcc. Biallelic mutation of the EBE region abolishes the induction of CsLOB1 by Xcc. This study represents a significant improvement in sweet orange gene editing efficacy and generating disease resistant varieties via CRISPR-mediated genome editing. This improvement in citrus genome editing makes genetic studies and manipulations of sweet orange more feasible.
Liability-creating Versus Non-liability-creating Fiscal Stabilisation Policies: Ricardian Equivalence, Fiscal Stabilisation, and EMU

This paper looks at theoretical and empirical issues associated with the operation of fiscal stabilisers within an economy. It argues that such stabilisers operate most effectively at a national, rather than local, level. As differing cycles across regions tend to offset each other for the country as a whole, national fiscal stabilisers are not associated with the same increase in future tax liabilities for the region as local ones. Accordingly, the negative impact from the Ricardian effects associated with these tax liabilities is smaller. Empirical work on data across Canadian provinces indicates that local stabilisers are only one third to one half as effective as national stabilisers which create no future tax liability.
A High Stability B2-Containing Refractory Multi-Principal Element Alloy

An equiatomic HfNbTaRuZr refractory multi-principal alloy was cast via arc melting and characterized in both ascast and vacuum annealed conditions. (Nb, Ta)-rich body-centered cubic (BCC), (Hf, Ru)-rich B2, and (Hf, Zr)-rich hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phases in annealed materials were identified by both x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, with all phases stable from 1350 ◦ C to 1575 ◦ C. At 1575 ◦ C the alloy contained 35.9% of a morphologically stable B2 phase. Preferential segregation of oxygen and nitrogen to the HCP phase was observed. The volume fractions of the HCP and B2 phases increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing annealing temperature. Lamellar microstructures present along grain boundaries were determined to result from a discontinuous transformation from a disordered BCC phase to B2 and BCC. Refinement of the grain size and microstructure was achieved by splat quenching, resulting in exceptional hardness due to nano-scale precipitates.