cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Binding of 1-Phenylimidazole to Cobalt(II) Octaethylporphyrin on Graphite: A Quantitative Imaging and Computational Study at Molecular Resolution

Cooperative interactions play a critical role in the stability and reactivity of biological systems and an increasingly important consideration in the synthesis of functional materials, but quantit...
Progressive Postnatal Pansynostosis in Crouzon Syndrome.

ABSTRACT Crouzon syndrome is a known craniosynostosis syndrome with a heterogenous presentation. Suture closure can rapidly develop postnatally and involve multiple sutures, requiring vigilant clinical monitoring to prevent delay in diagnosis and developing intracranial hypertension. The authors present the case of a male patient with Crouzon syndrome who developed postnatal pansynostosis at 18 months of age when several missed appointments led to diagnosis after complete closure of all sutures and signs of elevated intracranial pressure. Posterior cranial vault distraction was performed soon after, and the patient improved clinically. There is a need for improved monitoring and management of these patients to prevent delay in diagnosis and potential permanent sequelae as well as minimizing radiation exposure through watchful CT scanning.
Association between observing peers vaping on campus and E-cigarette use and susceptibility in middle and high school students.

Abstract Background This study examines the association between exposure to e-cigarette use on school campus and e-cigarette use behaviors among adolescents in the United States. Methods Data were obtained from the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey. First, two multivariate logistic regression models examined the association between in-school exposure to e-cigarette use and ever and past 30-day (i.e., current) e-cigarette use. Next, a multivariate logistic regression model to examine the relationship between in-school exposure to e-cigarette use and susceptibility to use was conducted among a subsample (n = 11,958) of never e-cigarette users. Covariates included grade, race/ethnicity, marketing exposure, and ever use of other tobacco products. Results Approximately 64.3 % of adolescents reported seeing someone use an e-cigarette on school campus; the most common locations being in the bathroom/locker room (34.4 %) and parking lot (34.0 %). In-school exposure to e-cigarette use was associated with greater odds of ever (Adj OR: 2.06; 95 % CI: 1.82–2.33) and current (Adj OR: 1.70; 95 % CI: 1.46–1.98) e-cigarette use among adolescents as well as greater odds of susceptibility to use (Adj OR: 2.00; 95 % CI: 1.82–2.20) among never e-cigarette users. Conclusions Observing e-cigarette use on school campus was associated with greater odds of e-cigarette use and susceptibility. It is plausible that observing e-cigarette use on campus reinforces the social acceptability of adolescent e-cigarette use. Findings inform on the prevalence of e-cigarettes use on-campus as well as how this phenomenon may influence e-cigarette use/susceptibility among youth. The observed relationship highlights the role of schools in the efforts to reduce adolescent e-cigarette use.
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Attributed to Cosecretion of PTH and PTHRP in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Introduction Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) portends a very poor prognosis, and no established guidelines exist regarding its management. Most instances of HCM are due to local osteolysis or secretion of parathyroid hormone related-peptide, while less than 1% of all cases are due to ectopic secretion of parathyroid hormone. Case Report We present an unusual case of HCM due to proposed cosecretion of both parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein in a 36-year-old man with a poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma. The patient's hypercalcemia was refractory to conventional measures, including intravenous bisphosphonate therapy (zoledronic acid), and was improved with administration of denosumab. Conclusion This is the youngest and first case of hypercalcemia of malignancy attributed to cosecretion of PTH and PTHrP from an adenocarcinoma. In refractory cases of HCM, denosumab is a potential option when other conventional measures are unsuccessful.
Sponges With Microbial Symbionts Transform Dissolved Organic Matter and Take Up Organohalides

Seawater dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a large reservoir of carbon composed of a complex and poorly characterized mixture of molecules. Sponges have long been known to consume dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from this mixture, but the role of microbial sponge symbionts in this process is complex, and the molecules involved remain largely unknown. In order to better understand how sponge processing changes seawater DOM, we used untargeted metabolomics to characterize DOM in samples of incurrent and excurrent seawater taken from sponges on the fore-reef off Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, over two years. We collected samples from 3 sponge species each with either high or low microbial abundance (HMA, LMA) to explore the relationship between symbiont abundance and DOM alterations. Analyses revealed that sponges took up metabolites and changed the composition of seawater DOM, but only for the 3 HMA species, and none of the LMA species, implicating microbial symbionts in this uptake. Using a new mass spectra classification tool, we found that putative compositions of features depleted in the excurrent samples of HMA sponges were similar in both years and were dominated by organic acids and derivatives (74%) and organic nitrogen compounds (19%). Interestingly, HMA sponges also took up halogenated compounds (containing chlorine or bromine), providing evidence of a previously unknown mechanism of halide cycling. The metabolites taken up by HMA sponges may be used as a food source or as building blocks of chemical defenses, selective advantages that may have guided the evolution of microbial symbioses in sponges.
Bag-of-Words Technique in Natural Language Processing: A Primer for Radiologists.

The bag-of-words technique provides a feature representation of free-form text that can be used by machine learning algorithms for natural language processing.
Estimating and Tracking Marketing Effectiveness Using Adaptive High Fidelity Models

The paper focuses on a methodology for creating adaptive high fidelity market response models that enable the measurement and tracking of the effectiveness of a firm’s marketing investments over long time horizons. The methodology uses a log-linear model with latent classes and is robust to changes in the effectiveness of the marketing-mix instruments used by the firm as well as to changes in the competitive landscape attributable to the addition and deletion of stock-keeping units. It is well suited for use within marketing decision support systems. The performance of the proposed methodology was tested at two Fortune 500 firms, and the results indicate that (a) in the short run, the model performance is equivalent, if not better, than the extant market response models; (b) the performance of the proposed system does not deteriorate over time even in dynamic market conditions; and (c) the parameter estimates are efficient as well as stable; instability/inconsistency in the parameter estimates often leads to a loss in trust of decision support systems.
VI.G. Pharmacologic Vitreolysis with Purified Dispase (Vitreolysin

Vitreolysin™ is a purified 35.9 kDa extracellular neutral protease produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa. It can selectively cleave the attachment of the posterior vitreous cortex from the inner limiting membrane (ILM) due to its high affinity for type IV collagen and fibronectin, which contributes to the attachment between these two structures [see chapter II.E. Vitreo-retinal interface and inner limiting membrane]. The low affinity of Vitreolysin™ for vitreous type II collagen allows it to induce a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) without disrupting the delicate macromolecular structure of the vitreous (Figure VI.G-1). This direct enzymatic action on the posterior vitreous cortex-ILM interface prevents vitreous liquefaction and resultant vitreoretinal traction which is a common way of PVD induction for many indirectly acting enzymes [1]. There are several other advantages of Vitreolysin™, such as lack of a known natural inhibitor, which insures reliable enzymatic activity even in complex vitreoretinal diseases where several enzyme inhibitors within the serum may leak into the eye. Vitreolysin™’s activity can be quenched by its own titratable autolysis, which ensures a fine control on its degradation and removal. Vitreolysin™ is a highly stable molecule with a long shelf life in lyophilized form. Early preclinical studies also revealed high rates (80–100 %) of PVD induction at picomolar concentrations.
Translational Effectiveness in Ayurvedic Medicine: Implications for Oral Biology and Medicine

This chapter introduces oral health as the absence of disease in the oral cavity and examines how that conceptualization was forged in the modern and postmodern Western health care tradition of scientific determinism and reductionism. We then discuss the fundamental principles of the research synthesis process in the context of the intertwining of oral diseases and systemic diseases. We conclude our remarks with an examination of the commonalities and distinctive features between the current emphasis on translational effectiveness that pervades contemporary Western health care modalities and the Ayurvedic tradition, specifically in the context of oral diseases.
Growth of Hyperkinetic Children Taking Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine, or Imipramine/Desipramine

One hundred children with the hyperkinetic syndrome or minimal brain dysfunction syndrome were treated with medication: 60 with methylphenidate (Ritalin), 24 with dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), and 16 with either imipramine or desipramine. The duration of treatment was for a minimum of two years, and averaged five years, with an average follow-up of six years from the onset of treatment. Their weight and height had been measured prior to treatment, and these and subsequent measurements were converted to percentiles, using the tables of norms of the Iowa City study. Initially there was a diminution in expected weight, but not height, but after a few years the growth in weight and height was found to be greater than predicted from the norms to a statistically significant degree. Gains in weight and height were greater for those whose medication had been stopped prior to the final measurements than for those still taking medication; but these differences did not reach statistical significance. No correlations were found between dosage level and changes in weight and height percentiles. It is concluded that there is no stunting of growth from the long-term use of methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, or imipramine/desipramine in children. Any slowing of growth when treatment is first started is compensated for later on, both while the patient is still taking the medication, and after discontinuing it.
Re-envisioning the museum experience: combining new technology with social-networking

The goal of the project was to design an integrated system for the California Academy of Sciences that combined new technology with a social-networking based website to promote educational learning. Five mini-games were developed for the iPad and connected to a series of websites through a database. The use of new technology drew in users that would not have otherwise engaged in the experience. Connecting with a social-networking website opens up many future possible implications for expanding edutainment.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vitronectin expression level and stoichiometry regulate vascular smooth muscle cell migration through physiological collagen matrices

To cite this article: Garg N, Goyal N, Strawn TL, Wu J, Mann KM, Lawrence DA, Fay WP. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vitronectin expression level and stoichiometry regulate vascular smooth muscle cell migration through physiological collagen matrices. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 1847–54. Summary. Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is a critical process in arterial remodeling. Purified plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is reported to both promote and inhibit VSMC migration on two-dimensional (D) surfaces. Objective: To determine the effects of PAI-1 and vitronectin (VN) expressed by VSMC themselves on migration through physiological collagen matrices. Methods: We studied migration of wild-type (WT), PAI-1-deficient, VN-deficient, PAI-1/VN doubly-deficient (DKO) and PAI-1-transgenic (Tg) VSMC through three-D collagen gels. Results: WT VSMC migrated significantly slower than PAI-1- and VN-deficient VSMC, but significantly faster than DKO VSMC. Experiments with recombinant PAI-1 suggested that basal VSMC PAI-1 expression inhibits migration by binding VN, which is secreted by VSMC and binds collagen. However, PAI-1-over-expressing Tg VSMC migrated faster than WT VSMC. Reconstitution experiments with recombinant PAI-1 mutants suggested that the pro-migratory effect of PAI-1 over-expression required its anti-plasminogen activator (PA) and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) binding functions, but not VN binding. While promoting VSMC migration in the absence of PAI-1, VN inhibited the pro-migratory effect of active PAI-1. Conclusions: In isolation, VN and PAI-1 are each pro-migratory. However, via formation of a high-affinity, non-motogenic complex, PAI-1 and VN each buffers the others pro-migratory effect. The level of PAI-1 expression by VSMC and the concentration of VN in extracellular matrix are critical determinants of whether PAI-1 and VN promote or inhibit migration. These findings help to rectify previously conflicting reports and suggest that PAI-1/ VN stoichiometry plays an important role in VSMC migration and vascular remodeling.
Deontic Logic and the Role of Freedom in Moral Deliberation

I want to present a model of deontic logic that relates oughts and choices to alternative possible futures, or scenarios. After presenting the model I’ll try to show how it can be related to some interesting twists that deliberative reasoning can take. What I will do is rough and very tentative, but maybe it suggests that deontic logic can be related to some interesting questions of moral philosophy.
The enthalpies of hydrolysis of acyclic, monocyclic, and glycoside cyclic phosphate diesters.

The enthalpies of hydrolysis of acyclic, monocyclic, and glycoside cyclic phosphate diesters have been measured by flow microcalorimetry using a phosphohydrolase isolated from Enterobacter aerogenes as catalyst. The values so obtained (kilocalories per mol) (at 25 degrees) for sodium salts are: diethyl phosphate, minus 1.8 plus or minus 0.5; ethylene phosphate, minus 6.4 plus or minus 0.2; trimethylene phosphate, minus 3.0 plus or minus 0.2; tetramethylene phosphate, minus 2.2 plus or minus 0.1; methyl beta-D-ribofuranoside cyclic 3:5-phosphate, minus 11.1 plus or minus 0.2; methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside cyclic 4:6-phosphate, minus 6.3 plus or minus 0.1; and cyclic adenosine 3:5-monophosphate (5-ester bond), minus 11.1 plus or minus 0.4 (10-minus 3 M Mg-2+). The enthalpy of hydrolysis of the 3-ester bond of cyclic adenosine 3:5-monophosphate (10-minus 3 M Mg-2+) has been revised to minus 11.1 plus or minus 0.2 kcal/mol from the value of minus 13.2 plus or minus 0.4 kcal/mol reported previously (greengard, p., rudolph, s.a., and sturtevant, j. m. (1969) j. biol. Chem. 244, 4798). All these values pertain to the hydrolysis of singly charged diesters to form singly charged monoesters. The data for the acyclic and monocyclic phosphodiesters are in qualitative agreement with their hydrolytic reactivities. The enthalpies measured for the hydrolysis of the glycoside cyclic phosphates cannot now be explained on the basis of their structures or reactivities; perhaps a contribution to the enthalpies by solvation or a previously unrecognized geometric strain effect may be responsible for the large exothermic enthalpies of these cyclic phosphate diesters. Changes in the heat capacity, increment Cp, for some of the hydrolytic reactions were also measured.
Metabolism of myo-inositol in animals: II. Complete catabolism of myo-inositol-14C by rat kidney slices☆

Abstract myo-Inositol-2-14C is not degraded to respiratory 14CO2 by nephrectomized rats. This and the results of earlier tracer experiments suggest that the kidney is the only organ of importance in inositol catabolism. Rat kidney slices could convert at least 4.7 μmoles of myo-inositol-2-14C to 14CO2/gm tissue/hour at inositol concentrations (in the incubation medium) of 12 m m or greater. This is many times the rate obtainable with homogenates but is probably less than the true catabolic rate of the tissue. Cortex, medulla, and the nephron tubules of cortex gave about equal rates, but that of papilla was negligible. Over the range 0.75–9.5 m m (inositol in the medium) the compound was taken up against a concentration gradient. The data indicate that a rat's kidneys can catabolize all of the inositol ingested in an average daily diet. Glucuronate isolated from kidney slices incubated with myo-inositol-2-14C was the d -isomer. Substantially all the radioactivity was in C-5, as found with purified inositol oxygenase by Charalampous.
Effect of Various Triglycerides on Blood and Tissue Cholesterol of Calves

Blood and tissue cholesterol responses were measured in six groups of four calves each fed for 24 weeks reconstituted nonfat dry fat milk in which 30% of calories was derived from one of the following: soybean oil (SBO), beef tallow (T), medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), and 1:1 soybean-oil tallow (SBO/T) combination. Two groups of four calves each also were fed SBO-milk plus dry feed and T-milk plus dry feed, respectively. Blood cholesterol concentration was significantly greater in SBO-fed calves than in T-fed calves. Calves fed MCT-milk had significantly lower blood cholesterol than calves fed T- or SBO-milk. Significant differences in cholesterol concentration were noted for the liver, perianal fat, and for omental fat.
A polarographic study of the bis(2,2′,2″-terpyridine) chromium(II) cation

Abstract The polarographic behavior of Cr(terpy) 2 2+ was studied in aqueous solution, usng AC and DC techniques. Three waves were observed. The first wave was due to a diffusion controlled one-electron oxidation, the second to a diffusion controlled one-electron reduction. The third wave was not studied. The polarographic behavior of Cr(terpy) 2 3+ and Cr(bipy) 3 2+ were also reported briefly and compared with the behavior of Cr(terpy) 2 2+ .
Effect of ethanol on prostacyclin, thromboxane, and prostaglandin E production in human umbilical veins.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ethanol on prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), prostaglandin E (PGE), and thromboxane (TXA 2 ) production in perfused human umbilical veins. PGI 2 , PGE, and TXA 2 levels were measured from human umbilical veins perfused with either 25, 50, or 100 mM ethanol by radioimmunoassay of their stable metabolites. Alcohol content was measured by an enzymatic spectrophotometric assay. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher's Protected Least Significant Difference Test. Ethanol decreased PGI 2 production in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In a concentration of 25 mM, ethanol did not affect PGI 2 production, whereas 50 mM decreased levels after 60 min of perfusion (p < 0.01). With 100 mM ethanol, PGI 2 production was decreased after 15, 30, and 60 min of perfusion (ps < 0.05), and the TXA 2 PGI 2 ratio was significantly elevated at all time points (p < 0.01). Ethanol (100 mM) did not affect TXA 2 or PGE production. Reduction of PGI 2 levels and the increase in the TXA 2 /PGI 2 ratio seen after ethanol perfusion in umbilical veins may cause vascular disruption in the umbilical-placental circulation. This may, in part, be a contributing mechanism to the teratogenic effects of ethanol.
Design and synthesis of ferroelectric liquid crystals

ABSTRACT New chiral organic acid I and alcohol synthesized from natural lactate and(S)-1iodo-2meyhylbutane were used as chiral block for preparing ferroelectricliquid crystals. Six series of chiral liquid crystals were synthesized to study the molecular structure-liquid crystal phase relationship. Different liquid crystalphase sequence KSc*SA4, KSc*N*I, or KN*I is formed among them. Thethermal stability of Sc* phases observed is high. These new FLCs and their mixtures could be useful for practical use. The results also indicate that compounds 1. and could be helpful for preparing new FLCs. 1. INTRODUCTION Since the discovery of ferroelectric liquid crystals' (FLCs) in 1975 and theinvention of SSFLC (surface-stabilized FLC) light valve2 in I 980, the field hasattracted considerable attention in both pure and applied science. FLCs are ofgreat interest because of their potential applications in eletrooptical devices, for instance in display3, modulators4, processors5, and printheads6. The performanceof PLC devices depends to a large extent on the FLC properties.Optically active molecule is the key molecular moiety of FLCs. Natural lactic
Normal-fault boundary of an Appalachian basement massif?: Results of COCORP profiling across the Pine Mountain belt in western Georgia

Recent seismic reflection profiling in western Georgia and adjacent eastern Alabama, conducted by the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP), shows that reflections commonly associated with the Appalachian detachment do not continue southeastward beneath the Pine Mountain belt. Rather, these reflections terminate abruptly on the north side of the belt, along the downdip projection of the Towaliga fault. This observation is difficult to reconcile with the basement duplex interpretation traditionally applied to the Pine Mountain belt and to all other Appalachian interior basement massifs. An alternative interpretation, consistent with the reflection data and with local surface geologic relations, is that the Towaliga fault is, at least in its later evolution, a large northwest-dipping normal fault that cuts the Piedmont allochthon, Appalachian detachment, and Grenville basement. Where crossed by the COCORP profile, this fault has an inferred average dip of about 54° and offsets Grenville basement about 9 km. This interpretation is consistent with the view that the Pine Mountain belt is a structural window through the Piedmont allochthon. However, it implies that much of the structural relief on the basement exposed in the window is due to late normal faulting rather than to thrust imbrication alone. If correct, this has several important implications for Appalachian geology: (1) It implies that normal faulting of late Paleozoic and/or Mesozoic age has played a much more important role in the development of the exposed southern Appalachians than has generally been considered to date. (2) Grenville basement exposed in the Pine Mountain belt has been attached to North America since Precambrian time; it does not represent a Paleozoic accreted terrane. (3) The Appalachian detachment may be exposed around the periphery of the Pine Mountain belt and hence may be available for direct observation at this locality.
Public Health Service study on Reye's syndrome and medications. Report of the pilot phase.

Abstract Between February and May 1984, we conducted a pilot study to examine the methods for a larger study of a previously reported relation between Reye's syndrome and medications. Thirty patients with Reye's syndrome, whose diagnosis was confirmed by an expert panel, and 145 controls were matched for age, race (black or not black), and antecedent illness (respiratory infection, chickenpox, or diarrhea) and selected from the same hospital, emergency room, or school, or identified by random digit dialing. Significantly more cases (93 per cent, 28 of 30) than members of each of the four control groups or all controls combined (46 per cent, 66 of 145) had received salicylates during matched antecedent illnesses (odds ratio of all 30 cases vs. all controls = 16.1; lower 95 per cent confidence limit = 4.6). The prevalence and mean severity score of signs, symptoms, and selected events during the antecedent illness tended to be lower among cases than controls. Thus, differences in the severity of this illnes...
Fetal metabolic response to maternal starvation.

Extract: In the pregnant ewe in the fed state, higher maternal protein intake does not lead to increased protein catabolism by the fetus. Total maternal starvation results in a prompt fall in fetal glucose concentrations (by 35%) to a stable plateau by 48 hr of starvation. Transplacental glucose uptakes during prolonged starvation are less than 40% of normal fed state values. Fetal urea production rates (a reflection of amino acid catabolism) increase to a level twice the fed state values by the 4th day of starvation and then return to base-line values by the 7th day of starvation. Fetal glucose concentrations remain stable throughout prolonged starvation, even after urea production rates have returned to base-line values. Speculation: At the peak of urea production, amino acid catabolism by the fetus can account for at least 80% of fetal oxygen consumption. However, the mechanisms and substrates available for homeostasis during the first 2 days (and after the 7th day of starvation) are unknown and, in the face of depressed transplacental glucose uptakes, may put the fetus at significant risk.
Estimation of nitrogen concentration in bermudagrass

Equations were developed to estimate concentration of nitrogen for bermudagrass forage [Cynodon dactylon, (L.) Pers.] as related to applied nitrogen level and harvest interval. Data from six field studies were used in the analysis. Estimates of N concentration in forage obtained with these equations agreed with data from other studies with fertilizer and waste application to bermudagrass (correlation coefficient of 0.94). Concentration of nitrogen decreased linearly with harvest interval (up to 6 weeks) and increased exponentially with nitrogen level. These equations should provide relevant information for crop production and environmental quality.
Online scene change detection of multicast (MBone) video

Many multimedia applications, such as multimedia data management systems and communication systems, require efficient representation of multimedia content. Thus semantic interpretation of video content has been a popular research area. Currently, most content-based video representation involves the segmentation of video based on key frames which are generated using scene change detection techniques as well as camera/object motion. Then, video features can be extracted from key frames. However most of such research performs off-line video processing in which the whole video scope is known as a priori which allows multiple scans of the stored video files during video processing. In comparison, relatively not much research has been done in the area of on-line video processing, which is crucial in video communication applications such as on-line collaboration, news broadcasts and so on. Our research investigates on-line real-time scene change detection of multicast video over the Internet. Our on-line processing system are designed to meet the requirements of real-time video multicasting over the Internet and to utilize the successful video parsing techniques available today. The proposed algorithms extract key frames from video bitstreams sent through the MBone network, and the extracted key frames are multicasted as annotations or metadata over a separate channel to assist in content filtering such as those anticipated to be in use by on-line filtering proxies in the Internet. The performance of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated and discussed in this paper.
High-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of leucine and α-ketoisocaproate in whole blood: application to fetal protein metabolism

Evaluation of fetal protein metabolism requires measurement of a number of variables including umbilical blood flow, CO2 radioactivity, as well as plasma specific activities, whole blood concentration, and radioactivity of leucine and α-ketoisocaproate. This report details methods of analysis for whole blood concentration and radioactivity of leucine and α-ketoisocaproate using high-performance liquid chromatography that can be done on minimal blood volumes and are sufficiently accurate to detect the small arteriovenous differences important in measurements of fetal metabolism. Using these methods, the important components of fetal protein metabolism such as protein synthesis can be calculated with sufficient accuracy to detect differences as small as 10% provided appropriate experimental designs are used.
Local interactions favor the native 8-residue disulfide loop in the oxidation of a fragment corresponding to the sequence Ser-50-Met-79 derived from bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A

A 30-residue peptide was obtained from ribonuclease A by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide, subsequent sulfitolysis with concomitant S-sulfonation, and finally enzymatic cleavage with Staphylococcus aureus protease. The peptide was converted to the free thiol form by reductive cleavage of the S-sulfo-protecting groups with D,L-dithiothreitol. This peptide consisted of residues 50-79 of the native sequence of ribonuclease A, with the exception that methionine-79 had been converted to homoserine. Included in this sequence are residues cysteine-65 and cysteine-72, which form a disulfide bond in the native enzyme, as well as cysteine-58. This molecule may form one of three possible intramolecular disulfide bonds upon thiol oxidation, viz. one loop of 15 and 2 of 8 residues each. These isomeric peptides were prepared by oxidation with cystamine, 2-aminoethanethiolation of residual thiols, and fractionation by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Disulfide pairings were established by mapping the tryptic fragments and confirming their composition by amino acid analysis. After protracted incubation under oxidizing conditions at 25.0 degrees C and pH 8.0, the 26-member ring incorporating the native disulfide bond between residues 65 and 72 is the dominant product. Assuming that equilibrium is established, we infer that local interactions in the sequence of ribonuclease A significantly stabilize the native 8-residue disulfide loop with respect to the non-native 8-residue loop (delta G degree = -1.1 +/- 0.1 kcal mole-1). The implications of this observation for the oxidative folding of the intact protein are discussed.
Do Teachers Bully Students? Findings From a Survey of Students in an Alternative Education Setting

Students need a strong, positive relationship with caring adults in school. Although the vast majority of adults in authority interact respectfully with students, some adults physically and psychologically bully students. This article examines the extent to which 50 alternative education students reported being victimized by teachers or other adults during their school career. Of respondents, 86% reported at least one incident of adult physical maltreatment in school and 88% reported at least one incident of adult psychological maltreatment in school. Almost twice as many students reported that an adult, rather than a peer, was involved in their worst school experience (64.4%), with several students indicating that their worst school experience involved being physically mistreated by an adult; half reported being upset by the experience “a lot.” These findings indicate that students are being bullied by teachers to a surprising degree and in a wide range of destructive and harmful ways.
e-e- Probes of the Littlest Higgs

In these proceedings the "Littlest Higgs" is discussed in depth. With recent developments it is now possible to reduce the ultraviolet insenstivities of these models and make definite predictions for the masses of all particles including the Higgs. The charge structure of the model is briefly reviewed. The cross-section for e-e- → ϕ--νeνe, is calculated and 6.2 pb is found.
Facial paralysis: Surgical correction of the paralysed lids and brow in the older patient

Summary A series of operative steps which are undertaken in a single operation are described for the older patient with long-standing paralysis of the eyelids and frontalis muscle secondary to seventh nerve palsy. The operation is not advocated in younger patients or in seventh nerve lesions which are transient in nature.
Aeroacoustic performance of scale model sonic inlets

Various means can be used to vary engine inlet throat areas in order to reduce noise generated at takeoff and approach. Low-speed wind-tunnel tests were performed to evaluate the aeroacoustic performance of two takeoff geometries (cylindrical centerbody and bulb-shaped centerbody) and four approach geometries (bulb-shaped centerbody, annular ring, radial vanes, and step diffuser). The effects of inlet internal lip shape and diffuser length on sonic inlet performance were also investigated. It was found that the single-passage geometries, in particular a cylindrical centerbody takeoff geometry and a bulb-shaped centerbody approach geometry, provide the highest level of aeroacoustic performance. Increasing the inlet lip contraction ratio extends the maximum incidence angle for attached lip flow, while increasing the inlet diffuser length increases total pressure recovery for a given amount of noise suppression.
Turnover of the Plasma Binding Protein for Vitamin D and Its Metabolites in Normal Human Subjects

The turnover of the plasma binding protein for vitamin D and its metabolites (DBP) was investigated in four normal young men. 125I-Labeled DBP was injected iv into each subject, and the plasma specific radioactivity-time curve was determined for the following 15–18 days. All urine was collected during the study, and the cumulative urinary 125I excretion curve was determined. The serum and urinary radioactivity data were analyzed by compartmental analysis using a weighted, least squares, nonlinear regression technique. In each of the subjects studied, a three-pool model provided the best fit to the serum specific radioactivity-time data. A three-pool, catenary model was selected on the basis of physiological considerations. The urinary data were fit by assuming a single outflow from pool 1 into an iodide compartment. Total body exchangeable DBP averaged 2.89 g. The production rate of DBP varied from 0.69–0.93 g/day in the subjects studied, with a mean of 10.1 mg/kg BW · day. Inferences could be drawn about...
Blended Courses in Law School: The Best of On-Line and Face-to-Face Learning?

Course design and redesign can help ensure that law school courses efficiently and effectively prepare students for the modern practice of law. A fundamental course design issue for legal educators is the appropriate model or medium for law school courses. The course could follow the traditional face-to-face format – students prepare for class by reading, writing, and thinking outside of class and then interact with the teacher and other students in the classroom. Or the course could be delivered on-line – students read, write, and complete exercises outside of the classroom and then interact with the teacher and students in an on-line environment. Recently, a third course design option has emerged in higher education, including legal education – a blended course that combines the face-to-face and online formats. This article is centered on three sets of questions. First, what is a blended course? Where do blended courses fit in the spectrum of course design formats? Many modern law school courses employ instructional technology in the classroom and supplement classroom instruction with web-based resources outside of class. A blended format replaces a significant portion of face-to-face classes with on-line instruction. The aim in a blended course design is to maximize the benefits of both face-to-face and on-line teaching and learning. Second, why use a blended course design in law school? What evidence suggests that blended courses are more effective than on-line or face-to-face courses? A growing body of literature and empirical research establish the efficacy of blended course designs. Interviews with students and faculty who have extensive experience in taking and delivering blended courses identify a number of advantages of the blended design, including increased interaction between teachers and students, increased interaction among students, broader and deeper student engagement in the course, and improved student responsibility for their own learning. These interviews also reveal a number of challenges that arise in blended course designs. Meta-analyses of empirical studies of on-line and face-to-face instruction in 2005 and 2010 found that blended courses led to significantly better student learning outcomes than face-to-face courses. Third, what principles should guide the design of a blended course? What does the teaching and learning literature and empirical research tell us about effective blended course designs? Many fundamental principles from learning theory and instructional design apply to all course design, including the thoughtful planning of course goals, teaching/learning methods, materials, and assessment. In addition, an effective blended design must integrate on-line and face-to-face instruction to maximize the benefits of both formats.
Aromatase Gene (CYP 19) Polymorphisms and Endogenous Androgen Concentrations in a Multiracial/Multiethnic, Multisite Study of Women at Midlife

Abstract A limited number of studies have focused on androgens in women's health, particularly at the genetic level. We evaluated testosterone and estradiol (E 2 ) levels among women in relation to 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the aromatase ( CYP 19 ) gene, the cytochrome P450 enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens. We related 5 aromatase SNPs ( CYP 19 rs2414096 , CYP 19 rs936306 , CYP 19 rs2446405 , CYP 19 rs1008805 , and CYP 19 rs749292) to serum androgen and E 2 markers in 1,538 participants of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), including 412 African American, 807 Caucasian, 151 Chinese, and 168 Japanese women. Aromatase allele and genotype frequencies differed significantly among racial/ethnic groups. Compared with other genotypes of the CYP 19 rs936306 polymorphism, the TT genotype was associated with a significant difference in the testosterone to E 2 (T:E 2 ) ratio—lower testosterone and higher E 2 levels—especially in African American women. Japanese women with the AA genotype of the CYP 19 rs749292 polymorphism had lower testosterone and E 2 levels but higher levels of sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) compared with Japanese women with the AG and GG genotypes. Among Caucasian women, there was markedly lower SHBG levels among those with the AA genotype of the CYP 19 rs2414096 polymorphism compared with other genotypes, after adjusting for age and body mass index. Three of 5 aromatase gene SNPs were associated with variation in serum androgen concentrations among women, both within and between racial/ethnic groups. Aromatase genetic markers may be important in understanding the emerging associations reported between endogenous androgens and women's health status.
Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals II

(2001). Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals II. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 108, No. 2, pp. 115-119.
Restricted partitions and matrix counts for Cochran's test

We obtain exact P-values for Cochran’s test comparing K different treatments using independent blocks with dichotomous responses. An algorithm is developed using restricted partitions and counts of matrices with elements 0 or 1 that have specified row and column margin sums. A linked list structure facilitates this matrix count.
Vaccinia-T7 RNA polymerase expression system: evaluation for the expression cloning of plasma membrane transporters.

The vaccinia/T7 transient expression system, which results in rapid, high-level expression of proteins encoded by plasmids bearing T7 promoters, provides a powerful strategy for the expression cloning of membrane transporters. To test the feasibility of this approach, we introduced the rabbit Na+/glucose transporter by liposome-mediated transfection into vaccinia infected HeLa cells and determined the characteristics and sensitivity of induced [14C]α-methyl d-glucopyranoside uptake. We observed a rapid (4–12 h) expression of saturable (Kt = 342 μm) [14C]α-methyl d-glucopyranoside uptake following transfection, with substrate and inhibitor sensitivities of the native carrier, including Na+ and temperature dependence and appropriate phloridzin sensitivity (KI = 9.1 μm). The time-dependent increase in α-methyl d-glucopyranoside uptake coincided with a decline in endogenous Na+/d-aspartate transport. Maximal levels of expression achieved were nearly 10-fold higher than that reported for transient expression of Na+/glucose transporters in the COS cell system. Rate and dilution estimates demonstrate a sensitivity of detection of single clones diluted several thousand fold by nonspecific plasmid DNA. A further 3-fold increase in transport sensitivity was achieved after transfection of plasmid constructs bearing additional 5′-T7 stem-loop and 3′-T7 termination signals. When cell lines with low endogenous transport were coupled with substrates of high specific activity, as with measurements of induced [3H]γ-aminobutyric acid uptake, we were albe to detect expression from transporter bearing plasmids diluted as much as 10,000-fold by nonspecific plasmid DNA. Thus, these findings document the feasibility of using the vaccinia/T7 expression system for the functional screening of plasmid libraries for membrane transporter cDNA clones and identify several assay variables pertinent to achieving increased sensitivity.
Applications of composite BICMOS transistors

The concept of the composite CMOS transistor is generalised and extended to include both, composite bipolar and composite BICMOS transistors. Two versions of the BICMOS device and its applications in some linear circuits to reduce supply voltage requirements and increase effective transconductance are discussed. Experimental results using transistor arrays are presented.
Surface temperature, density, and salinity profiles across the Straits of Florida

The oceanographic sections across the Straits of Florida have been too restricted as to points of observation and distribution through the year to reveal more than general features (references 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). These features in February and March, diagrammatically summarized by Wust (reference 7), are as follows: Temperatures—The water is warm, over 10°C, to depths of about 200 meters on the Florida side and of about 600 meters on the Cuban and Bahamas margin. It is very warm, over 20°C, in the upper 50 or 100 meters near the Florida shore and 200 meters on the south or east. A 100-meter surface-layer with a temperature exceeding 25°C occurs on the Cuban half of the Straits. Temperatures at all depths are some 5° to 10° higher on the Cuban and Bahamas sides than on the Florida side. At the surface, however, the difference averages less than 5°
Actomyosin purse strings: renewable resources that make morphogenesis robust and resilient.

Dorsal closure in Drosophila is a model system for cell sheet morphogenesis and wound healing. During closure two sheets of lateral epidermis move dorsally to close over the amnioserosa and form a continuous epidermis. Forces from the amnioserosa and actomyosin‐rich, supracellular purse strings at the leading edges of these lateral epidermal sheets drive closure. Purse strings generate the largest force for closure and occur during development and wound healing throughout phylogeny. We use laser microsurgery to remove some or all of the purse strings from developing embryos. Free edges produced by surgery undergo characteristic responses as follows. Intact cells in the free edges, which previously had no purse string, recoil away from the incision and rapidly assemble new, secondary purse strings. Next, recoil slows, then pauses at a turning point. Following a brief delay, closure resumes and is powered to completion by the secondary purse strings. We confirm that the assembly of the secondary purse strin...
Modulation of central nervous system actions of corticotropin-releasing factor by dynorphin-related peptides.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and dynorphin-related peptides are co-localized within a subset of hypothalamic neurons suggesting the possibility of their co-release. Therefore, studies were performed in conscious unrestrained rats to examine whether dynorphin-related peptides modify the central nervous system (CNS) actions of CRF on sympathetic nervous activity and cardiovascular function. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of dynorphin A1-8 (0.1 and 1.0 nmol) did not alter arterial pressure (AP) or heart rate (HR). I.c.v. injection of dynorphin A1-13 (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 nmol) produced transient elevations of HR but did not significantly affect AP. I.c.v. administration of dynorphin A1-17 (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 nmol) elicited delayed (10-15 min) and transient elevations of AP and HR. CRF (0.15 nmol, i.c.v.) produced immediate and sustained elevations of AP, HR and plasma catecholamine levels. Upon simultaneous administration, 0.1 nmol of dynorphin A1-17, but not 0.1 nmol of dynorphin A1-8 or dynorphin A1-13, markedly attenuated CRF-induced elevations of AP, HR, and plasma catecholamine levels. The results suggest that selected dynorphin-related peptides may modify the CNS actions of CRF.
CITIZEN JOURNALISM SITES AS INFORMATION SUBSTITUTES AND COMPLEMENTS FOR UNITED STATES NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

A content analysis of 48 citizen journalism sites, 86 weekly newspapers and 138 daily newspapers indicates that citizen journalism sites differed enough in six local government content attributes to conclude that citizen journalism sites are, at best, imperfect information substitutes for most newspapers. However, the data also indicate that some large-city citizen journalism sites complement newspapers by increasing the number of news stories and the amount of opinion available about local government. The results also found differences between citizen news sites and citizen blog sites. Few citizen journalism sites outside of large metropolitan cities covered local government.
Women in U.S. Psychiatric Training

Objective: The number of women in psychiatric training is predicted to increase over time. This article aims to review and evaluate the existing literature on the topic and identify present areas of concern and recommend future areas for research. Method: A Medline search from 1964 to the present day was conducted. Literature on female physicians in psychiatry, internship and residency, career choices, and medical education was reviewed. Results: Much has changed, for the better, to accommodate the needs of this population. The areas of role integration, career choices, and pregnancy remain issues of concern. These concerns will continue as the percentage of female physicians increases. Conclusions: The multiple issues surrounding the pregnant resident need to be formally addressed and recognized to avoid strain on all residents, patients and departmental systems. Political, social, and departmental issues need to be addressed to help female residents with role integration. Psychiatry should lead the way among medical specialties in advocating for excellent family leave policies and childcare. Academic psychiatry will have to use creative strategies to effectively recruit and maintain female faculty.