cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in hypercalcemia of malignancy and osteolytic bone disease

Tumors cause multiple effects on the skeleton and on calcium homeostasis, but they do so in specific patterns which are becoming better defined as the mediators responsible become more fully characterized. Metastatic bone disease occurs in the majority of patients with advanced cancer, and is particularly frequent in breast, lung and prostate cancers, which are the most common of all human tumors. Approximately 1 000 000 people die each year in Western Europe and the United States from these three malignancies, and the majority of these people have bone metastases. Bone is the third most common site of metastatic disease in tumors of all types and the second most common in breast and prostate cancer. In this review, the role of the tumor peptide parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP) in the effects of cancer on the skeleton will be discussed. Effects of tumors on the skeleton and calcium homeostasis Osteolytic bone disease Osteolytic bone disease is the most common effect of malignant disease on the skeleton. Osteolytic bone disease is due to an increase in osteoclastic bone resorption, and is usually not matched by a compensatory increase in new bone formation. It occurs frequently in patients with breast and lung cancer, and is very characteristic of the unique form of bone disease associated with myeloma. The steps involved in the formation of an osteolytic bone metastasis are multiple, but to date most attention has been focused on the final step, namely the increase in osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteolytic bone disease is responsible for catastrophic consequences in the patient with malignant disease - intractable bone pain, susceptibility to fracture following trivial injury or even spontaneously, hypercalcemia and nerve compression syndromes, the most serious of which is spinal cord compression. Osteoblastic bone disease Osteoblastic bone disease is much less common than osteolytic bone disease, and occurs mostly frequently in patients with carcinoma of the prostate and urinary tract, but is also seen in patients with carcinoma of the breast and other tumors, and particularly with Hodgkin’s disease and with carcinoid syndromes. The increase in new bone formation is due to the tumor cells stimulating osteoblast activity. In some cases this occurs at sites of previous resorption, and in others it occurs on previous resting trabecular bone surfaces. Less is known of the mechanisms which are involved, in part because of a lack of suitable animal models. However, a number of important growth factors with powerful bone stimulatory activity have been identified and are probably responsible, either alone or in combination.
An Operating Room Scheduling Strategy to Maximize the Use of Operating Room Block Time: Computer Simulation of Patient Scheduling and Survey of Patients' Preferences for Surgical Waiting Time

Determining the appropriate amount of block time to allocate to surgeons and selecting the days on which to schedule elective cases can maximize operating room (OR) use.We used computer simulation to model OR scheduling. Inputs in the computer model included different methods to determine when a pat
EFFECTS OF 6-AZAURIDINE ON REGENERATING BONE MARROW.

Abstract The pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite, 6-azauridine (AzUR), was studied for its effect on the regeneration of bone marrow in heavily irradiated mice with marrow repopulated by transfusion of isologous marrow cells. AzUR, a drug that has antitumor activity, but relatively little toxicity for normal bone marrow in mice, suppressed marrow regeneration when given at 8-hr intervals for a week in total daily doses of 10–620 mg kg , or when administered in a single large dose, 1,000 or 3,000 mg kg , on the fourth day after irradiation and seeding with isologous marrow cells— a tme when the cells appear particularly sensitive to cytotoxic agents. These observations indicate that the marrow precursor cells behave in a manner resembling that of certain types of neoplastic cells in their responsiveness to drugs, and support the earlier suggestion that the regenerating marrow system can be of value in detecting drugs with antitumor potential.
Development of neuroepithelial tumors of the adrenal medulla in transgenic mice expressing a mouse hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone promoter-simian virus-40 T-antigen fusion gene

Expression of the mouse GH-releasing hormone (GRH) gene is restricted to neurons within the hypothalamus and to placenta. In an attempt to generate immortalized mouse hypothalamic neurons expressing GRH, the proximal 872-nucleotide segment of the 5'-flanking region of the hypothalamic mouse GRH gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and ligated to a 2.7-kilobase DNA sequence encoding the simian virus-40 (SV40) T-antigen, so that regulation of SV40 T-antigen expression was dependent on sequences within the mGRH 5'-flanking region. This region contains both TATA and CAAT boxes. The mouse GRH/SV40 T-antigen fusion gene was injected into 1-cell mouse embryos, and SV40 T-antigen incorporation in the mouse genome was found in 11 of 77 live births (3 males and 8 females). Although no evidence of hypothalamic tumors was found, all mice that expressed the transgene also developed tumors originating in the adrenal medulla. Gene copy number varied from 1-20 and was inversely proportional to survival, which ran...
Comparison of Geologic Cycles of Earth, Moon, and Mars: ABSTRACT

The geologic cycle of a planet depicts the interaction of impact, surface, and internal tectonic processes on the planetary surface. The earth has a "closed-loop" geologic cycle in which source rocks are eroded but are continuously recycled. In contrast, the moon apparently has an "open-loop" geologic cycle in which the primitive crust is irreversibly destroyed. On the earth, impact plays a minor role and surface and tectonic processes are approximately equally active. That is, if averaged over the globe through geologic history, the rate of uplift equals the rate of erosion. On the moon, impact processes are dominant and there are only minor surface and tectonic effects. Preliminary interpretations of the rock cycle and the "ice cycle" of Mars are presented as sources of questions for future analysis. Apparently, the geologic cycle of Mars involves surface and tectonic phenomena as well as impact phenomena. Surface processes active on Mars include eolian erosion and deposition. The "channels" in the equatorial regions are evidence of intermittent stream erosion. The tectonic processes of Mars have been investigated by mapping regional stress patterns from analysis of observed lineament (fracture) systems. End_of_Article - Last_Page 812------------
Protrudin binds atlastins and endoplasmic reticulum-shaping proteins and regulates network formation

Hereditary spastic paraplegias are inherited neurological disorders characterized by progressive lower-limb spasticity and weakness. Although more than 50 genetic loci are known [spastic gait (SPG)1 to -57], over half of hereditary spastic paraplegia cases are caused by pathogenic mutations in four genes encoding proteins that function in tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network formation: atlastin-1 (SPG3A), spastin (SPG4), reticulon 2 (SPG12), and receptor expression-enhancing protein 1 (SPG31). Here, we show that the SPG33 protein protrudin contains hydrophobic, intramembrane hairpin domains, interacts with tubular ER proteins, and functions in ER morphogenesis by regulating the sheet-to-tubule balance and possibly the density of tubule interconnections. Protrudin also interacts with KIF5 and harbors a Rab-binding domain, a noncanonical FYVE (Fab-1, YGL023, Vps27, and EEA1) domain, and a two phenylalanines in an acidic tract (FFAT) domain and, thus, may also function in the distribution of ER tubules via ER contacts with the plasma membrane or other organelles.
Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes

Ketone bodies are produced by the liver and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available. The two main ketone bodies are acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), while acetone is the third, and least abundant, ketone body. Ketones are always present in the blood and their levels increase during fasting and prolonged exercise. They are also found in the blood of neonates and pregnant women. Diabetes is the most common pathological cause of elevated blood ketones. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), high levels of ketones are produced in response to low insulin levels and high levels of counterregulatory hormones. In acute DKA, the ketone body ratio (3HB:AcAc) rises from normal (1:1) to as high as 10:1. In response to insulin therapy, 3HB levels commonly decrease long before AcAc levels. The frequently employed nitroprusside test only detects AcAc in blood and urine. This test is inconvenient, does not assess the best indicator of ketone body levels (3HB), provides only a semiquantitative assessment of ketone levels and is associated with false-positive results. Recently, inexpensive quantitative tests of 3HB levels have become available for use with small blood samples (5-25 microl). These tests offer new options for monitoring and treating diabetes and other states characterized by the abnormal metabolism of ketone bodies.
A NEOPIAGETIAN ANALYSIS OF FOUR-YEAR-OLDS' PERFORMANCE ON PIAGET'S WATER-LEVEL TASK

A standardized version of Piaget and Inhelder's conservation of horizontality or Water-level Task, the Preschool Embedded Figures Test, and a measure of mental processing called Mr. Cucui were admi...
Fluoxetine-induced changes in body weight and 5-HT1A receptor-mediated hormone secretion in rats on a tryptophan-deficient diet.

Tryptophan depleting protocols are commonly used to study the role of serotonin in mood disorders. The present study examined the impact of a tryptophan-deficient diet and fluoxetine on the seroton...
THE IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL METHODS ON AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT CASES

This study investigated the impact of personal and organizational factors and performance appraisal methods on 53 Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) federal court cases. Discriminant analysis suggested that the employer was most likely to be the successful party when the employee was younger, particularly between 40-49 years old. Appraisal system characteristics which in previous studies were found to be significantly related to case outcome, were not reported in these case decisions. Traditional legal case analysis was used to explore the relationship of performance appraisal methods and the personnel action giving rise to the complaint.
Wafer Manufacturing and Slicing Using Wiresaw

Wafer manufacturing (or wafer production) refers to a series of modern manufacturing processes of producing single-crystalline or poly-crystalline wafers from crystal ingot (or boule) of different sizes and materials. The majority of wafers are single-crystalline silicon wafers used in microelectronics fabrication although there is increasing importance in slicing poly-crystalline photovoltaic (PV) silicon wafers as well as wafers of different materials such as aluminum oxide, lithium niobate, quartz, sapphire, III–V and II–VI compounds, and others. Slicing is the first major post crystal growth manufacturing process toward wafer production. The modern wiresaw has emerged as the technology for slicing various types of wafers, especially for large silicon wafers, gradually replacing the ID saw which has been the technology for wafer slicing in the last 30 years of the 20th century. Modern slurry wiresaw has been deployed to slice wafers from small to large diameters with varying wafer thickness characterized by minimum kerf loss and high surface quality. The needs for slicing large crystal ingots (300 mm in diameter or larger) effectively with minimum kerf losses and high surface quality have made it indispensable to employ the modern slurry wiresaw as the preferred tool for slicing. In this chapter, advances in technology and research on the modern slurry wiresaw manufacturing machines and technology are reviewed. Fundamental research in modeling and control of modern wiresaw manufacturing process are required in order to understand the cutting mechanism and to make it relevant for improving industrial processes. To this end, investigation and research have been conducted for the modeling, characterization, metrology, and control of the modern wiresaw manufacturing processes to meet the stringent precision requirements of the semiconductor industry. Research results in mathematical modeling, numerical simulation, experiments, and composition of slurry versus wafer quality are presented. Summary and further reading are also provided.
Shaping futures in Sino-character: What's in a name of East Asian futures studies?

Abstract This paper highlights how the Sino-character system, because it lacks a plural form, hinders promulgating and popularizing the concept of plural and diverse futures in Korea, Greater China, and Japan. Difficulties are revealed when East Asian futurists emphasize the plural concept of ‘future + s’, because the linguistic conventions of Sino-character languages and cultures do not clearly express plurality. The singular-form wording for ‘future + s’ excused by East Asian futurists tends to unintentionally stick a knowledge divide between public and futurists. It also shapes a more uniform, less diverse image of the future. This paper suggests that those engaged in East Asian futures studies adopts a standardized and more intuitively understandable Sino-character term for ‘future + s’ to enable futurists to effectively publicize and popularize the more plural, diverse and alternative values of futures studies. It also suggests related guidelines for creating and establishing a more popular term for ‘future + s’. Finally, author coins the term ‘multi + future’ in Sino-characters as a useful term to effectively spread a more diverse, pluralistic concept of alternative futures in East Asian countries.
Welfare Reform: Help for Poor Women and Children?

The Family Support Act of 1988 is the first major attempt to alter the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program in over 20 years. The act is cited by supporters as the solution to long-term dependence on welfare. However, it is unlikely that it will have significant positive effects on welfare families. Rather, it is likely only to reinforce the failures of the current system. The false promise of welfare reform will hit hardest those who are most vulnerable-poor women and children.
Wyden's Waiver: State Innovation on Steroids

Section 1332 of Title I of the Affordable Care Act offers to state governments the ability to waive significant portions of the ACA, including requirements related to qualified health plans, health benefit exchanges, cost sharing, and refundable tax credits. It permits state governments to obtain funding that otherwise would have gone to residents and businesses through the ACA and to use those funds to establish, beginning in 2017, an alternative health reform framework within statutory limitations. Section 1332 also permits states to apply in a coordinated fashion for waivers from Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and "any other federal law relating to the provision of health care items or services." This article reviews the statutory provisions and related regulations of this new and unprecedented state waiver authority, as well as the legislative history of section 1332. Finally, it reviews the limited activities thus far by states contemplating use of this provision and considers ways this authority may be considered for use by states in the future. Section 1332 has the potential to instigate a new, varied, and unprecedented array of state health sector innovations from both sides of the political divide over health care reform.
Femtosecond precision timing distribution for accelerators and Light Sources

Future accelerators and Light Sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) require femtosecond and potentially attosecond timing accuracy between electron beams and optical lasers for improved FEL performance and to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of ultrafast processes on atomic and molecular scales. In this paper, we present a set of new ultrafast optical techniques and devices that have been developed over the last five years for long-term stable femtosecond synchronization of large-scale X-ray FELs. These techniques are based on the availability of ultra-low timing jitter optical pulse trains available from mode-locked lasers that serve as timing signals to be distributed via timing-stabilized fiber links to end-stations where tight synchronization is required. At the end-stations, optical and RF sub-systems are synchronized with the delivered timing signals. Using these techniques, we demonstrate experimentally that remotely located lasers and microwave sources in facilities, a few hundred meters in extent, can be synchronized with few femtosecond accuracy over typical uninterrupted operating periods of FELs, i.e. > 10 hours. The limitation to femtosecond accuracy is due to the quantum noise of currently employed femtosecond fiber lasers and can be overcome in the future, with improved noise performance of femtosecond lasers.
Preventing ischial pressure ulcers: III. clinical pilot study of chronic neuromuscular electrical stimulation

Objective: BIONs™ BIOnic Neurons are injectable, wireless microstimulators that make chronic BION Active Seating BAS possible for pressure ulcer prevention PUP. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation NMES produces skeletal motion and activates trophic factors, counteracting three major etiological mechanisms leading to pressure ulcers PUs: immobility, soft-tissue atrophy, and ischemia. Companion papers I and II reviewed prior experience with NMES for PUP, and analyzed the biomechanical considerations, respectively. This paper presents a treatment strategy derived from this analysis, and the clinical results of the first three cases. Methods: Two BIONs implanted one on inferior gluteal nerve to gluteus maximus GM, and other on sciatic nerve to hamstrings HS, in 3 spinal cord injured SCI subjects already undergoing gluteal rotation flaps for PUs. BAS using HS when seated, and BION Conditioning BC via GM+HS when non-weightbearing. Follow-up: 1 yr, including 6 mo. treatment window interface pressure mapping; muscle perfusion scans; MRI, X-ray volume assessments. Results: Successfully implanted and activated both desired muscle groups, selectively, in all. No PU recurrences or wound complications. Two subjects completed protocol. Mean results: Interface: contact pressure -10%; maximum pressure -20%; peak pressure area -15%. Vascularity: GM +20%, HS +110%. Perfusion: GM +70%, HS +440%. Muscle volume: GM +14%, HS +31%. Buttock soft-tissue padding: +49%. 1 BION failed; 1 BION rotated under GM. Conclusions: Promising proof-of-concept data supporting the feasibility of implanted microstimulators to achieve sufficiently strong and selective activation of target muscles for PUP. Ultimate goal is prophylactic deployment through bilateral, nonsurgical injection of BIONs in chronically immobile patients.
Intolerance and Political Repression in the United States: A Half Century after McCarthyism

What consequences for political freedom arise from high levels of political intolerance among the American public? Comparing surveys from 1954 to 2005, I document the level of perceived freedom today and consider how it has changed since the McCarthy era. Levels of intolerance today and in 1954 are also compared. Next assessed is whether restrictions on freedom are uniformly perceived or whether some subsections of the population are more likely to feel repressed than others. I find that while intolerance may have declined somewhat since 1954, perceived constraints on individual freedom have actually increased. These findings produce telling consequences for the subtheory of pluralistic intolerance. During McCarthyism, intolerance focused on the Left; today, many groups are not tolerated, so the loss of freedom is more widespread. Heretofore, many thought that pluralistic intolerance tended to be benign. At least in the case of the contemporary United States, it seems not to be.
Phytoplankton natural fluorescence variability in the Sargasso Sea

Phytoplankton fluorescence has been used historically as a means of assessing phytoplankton biomass, rates of primary production (PP) and physiological status in laboratory, in situ, and satellite based investigations. Assumptions about the quantum yield of phytoplankton fluorescence, ff ; are often overlooked and can become problematic when fluorescence based methods are applied. A time series of ff observations from the northwestern Sargasso Sea is presented with the goal of understanding the controls on fluorescence and its applicability for assessing upper ocean biological processes. Accurate estimates of ff require accounting for Raman scattering and the conversion of planar to scalar irradiance. Variability in ff occurs on both seasonal and episodic time scales. Seasonal variations show maxima in the surface layer during summer months while lower, more uniform values are found throughout the winter when deep mixing occurs. Large episodic variations in ff are observed throughout the record which dwarf seasonal changes. Predictions of depth-dependent and depth-integrated PP rates using ff and natural fluorescence fluxes are only marginally successful (r 2 B50%), although comparable with results from global bio-optical models for the Sargasso Sea. Improvements in PP predictions are hindered by weak statistical relationships with other parameters. f f is largely decoupled from the quantum yield of carbon assimilation, f c ; indicating that an inverse relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis does not exist. Consequently, variability in the quantum yield of thermal de-excitation, fh; is found to be of similar magnitude as ff on the timescales observed. These observations show that assumptions about photochemical energy flow through the phytoplankton community must be made carefully and that the fluorescence–photosynthesis relationship is not straightforward. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Upstream and Downstream Regulation of Asexual Development in Aspergillus fumigatus

The opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus produces a large quantity of asexual spores (conidia), which are the primary agent causing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. We investigated the mechanisms controlling asexual sporulation (conidiation) in A. fumigatus via examining functions of four key regulators, GpaA (Galpha), AfFlbA (RGS), AfFluG, and AfBrlA, previously studied in Aspergillus nidulans. Expression analyses of gpaA, AfflbA, AffluG, AfbrlA, and AfwetA throughout the life cycle of A. fumigatus revealed that, while transcripts of AfflbA and AffluG accumulate constantly, the latter two downstream developmental regulators are specifically expressed during conidiation. Both loss-of-function AfflbA and dominant activating GpaA(Q204L) mutations resulted in reduced conidiation with increased hyphal proliferation, indicating that GpaA signaling activates vegetative growth while inhibiting conidiation. As GpaA is the primary target of AfFlbA, the dominant interfering GpaA(G203R) mutation suppressed reduced conidiation caused by loss of AfflbA function. These results corroborate the hypothesis that functions of G proteins and RGSs are conserved in aspergilli. We then examined functions of the two major developmental activators AfFluG and AfBrlA. While deletion of AfbrlA eliminated conidiation completely, null mutation of AffluG did not cause severe alterations in A. fumigatus sporulation in air-exposed culture, implying that, whereas the two aspergilli may have a common key downstream developmental activator, upstream mechanisms activating brlA may be distinct. Finally, both AffluG and AfflbA mutants showed reduced conidiation and delayed expression of AfbrlA in synchronized developmental induction, indicating that these upstream regulators contribute to the proper progression of conidiation.
Citizenship Is Not the Only Goal: Reform Should Bring an End to Mass Deportations

Current “comprehensive immigration reform” proposals would regularize the status of some undocumented immigrants, and provide a path to citizenship. Those would be important reforms, if less than comprehensive. Discussions of immigration reform have not yet adequately addressed the human rights crisis caused by a program of mass deportation of “unlawful” aliens, a program in which state agencies have been enlisted, and that threatens millions of foreign-born Americans. The current mass deportation is ordered by recent federal statutes that require the “removal” from the United States of millions of Americans through procedures that deny them due process and the equal protection of the laws. This deportation program rests on a supposed extra-constitutional “plenary power” of the political branches over the foreign-born, who are deemed to remain essentially foreign, and whose presence in the United States is treated as an ongoing crime, at best a revocable license. None of the current proposals for immigration reform address this deportation program, and a bipartisan proposal threatens to add still more draconian provisions, which will continue to threaten even those who are given a path to citizenship.
An Elastomeric Impact-Absorbing Bumper System

Abstract An elastomeric impact absorber was selected from a variety of mechanical designs involving a mechanical strut (Torshok), a buckling-column flat spring and an involute spring, several hydraulic shock absorbers, and various concepts utilizing elastomeric polyurethane foam. Functional and economic criteria as well as manufacturing considerations dictated the choice. The following list outlines the functional attributes that favored a rubber shear spring in the elastomeric impact absorber: 1) Simple, rugged design—all parts except rubber blocks are conventional steel stampings. 2) The device is capable of accepting high angular impacts. Due to the rugged I-beam arm, comer impacts and large torsion loads are tolerated. 3) Mounting requirements are incorporated in the case of the unit. This eliminates the need for separate brackets which results in a cost savings as well as a stronger, more integrated attachment between device and structure. 4) The device has very high compliance in skewed loading. Thi...
MY APPROACH to the adult patient with newly identified atrial septal defect.

1016/j.tcm.2015.05.017 blished by Elsevier Inc. n PracticeUpdate on January 21, 2015. Republishe Secundum ASD is the most common type. Less common ASDs include sinus venosus, coronary sinus, and primum. There are other rare ASD subtypes, but these four are the ones seen most frequently. If you suspect that your patient has an ASD, the first test to establish the diagnosis is echocardiography, either transthoracic or transesophageal. The sensitivity of transthoracic echocardiography in detecting ASD varies by the size of the defect, and specific patient factors, such as body habitus, which may limit the ability to obtain diagnostic transthoracic views. After you identify the defect, you have to look for any associated congenital heart disease that can occur alongside an ASD; this is the second step. For example, sinus venosus ASD is commonly associated with a partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The latter can happen with secundum ASD as well, but not as commonly. So, whenever you are diagnosing someone with an ASD, you have to look for a partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Whenever you see a partial anomalous pulmonary vein, you have to look for an ASD. They often go together. The reason why it's important to define the anatomic type of ASD and the presence of an associated defect is that it can affect your management plan. For example, a secundum ASD is almost always treated with a device closure, but when a sinus venosus ASD, primum ASD, or coronary sinus ASD is present, device closure is not an option. If you go to surgery and the patient has an anomalous pulmonary venous connection plus an ASD, the surgery is different because you have to consider doing what is called a Warden procedure, whereby you channel the anomalous vein back into the left atrium through the atrial septum. Primum ASDs are commonly associated with cleft of the anterior mitral valve defects and mitral regurgitation, and they are commonly associated with left anterior hemiblock on EKG. Associated defects can usually be determined by EKGs or echocardiography. Occasionally, cardiac MR or CT is required to assess the pulmonary venous connections.
Plasmodial Compatibility in Heterothallic and Homothallic Isolates of Didymium Iridis

The question of plasmodial compatibility in relation to the mating system in a slime mold was first raised by me in 1963. At that time, the discovery of a 1-locus, multiple-allelic mating system was reported for the organism. This discovery made it possible to test plasmodial compati? bility with the aid of clearly identifiable genetic markers. My original assumption, prior to any actual investigations, was that no two plasmodia would fuse (i.e., they would be incompatible) if they carried different mating type alleles. Preliminary results reported in 1963 not only conformed to this supposition, but, in addition, suggested that no two plasmodia would fuse unless both were derived from the same two parental clones. However, it was pointed out at that time that massspore-derived plasmodia obtained from the same isolate (collection) did show compatibility. Based on results to be presented here, these seemingly contradictory earlier findings now appear to be reconcilable. In addition, data on plasmodial compatibility in a newly discovered homothallic isolate will be presented.
Mechanism for the Activation of Carbon Monoxide via Oxorhenium Complexes

Activation of CO by the rhenium(V) oxo complex [(DAAm)Re(O)(CH3)] (1) [DAAm = N,N-bis(2-arylaminoethyl)methylamine; aryl = C6F5, Mes] resulted in the isolation of the rhenium(III) acetate complex [(DAAm)Re(O2CCH3)(CO)] (3). The mechanistic details of this reaction were explored experimentally. The novel oxorhenium(V) acyl intermediate [(DAAm)Re(O)(C(O)CH3)] (2) was isolated, and its reactivity with CO was investigated. An unprecedented mechanism is proposed: CO is activated by the metal oxo complex 1 and inserted into the rhenium–methyl bond to yield acyl complex 2, after which subsequent migration of the acyl ligand to the metal oxo ligand yields acetate complex 3. X-ray crystal structures of 2 and 3 are reported.
Improved Method for Measuring Total Dissolved Solids

ABSTRACTThe measurement of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is important for characterizing water quality in environmental science and engineering applications. Traditional methods of gravimetric determination and correlation with electrical conductivity are long-standing techniques but retain significant limitations. Here a novel method is reported for measuring TDS using charged aerosol detection without chromatographic separation. The method is rapid, simple, requires low sample volume, and has a low detection limit (0.054 mg/L). In addition, the method offers improvements compared to traditional gravimetric and electrochemical methods with respect to measuring semivolatile compounds, combustible organics, and nonconductive species. As a result, the method offers a novel and improved approach with broad applications.
Novel Modulators of Glycine Receptors

Inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, found primarily in the spinal cord, and are important targets for neuroactive drugs. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potentiates the glycine receptor by interacting with residue S296 in GlyR-α1 and S307 in GlyR-α3 subunits, directly contributing to cannabis-induced analgesia. Other local anesthetics, as well as certain antiemetic agents have been shown to similarly enhance glycine receptor function at low concentrations, but additionally inhibit glycinergic responses at high drug concentrations. We previously effectively employed a combination of virtual screening on an ensemble GlyR-α1 structures with in vitro functional validation to identify novel GlyR-α1 positive allosteric modulators effective at low concentrations. Here, using an ensemble of GlyR-α3 structures that were obtained from homology models of the GlyR-α1 NMR and crystal structures and subsequent molecular dynamics simulations, we screened over 2 million drug-like compounds from the ZINC database. Screened compounds were pre-filtered by physiochemical features selected for their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and exhibit central nervous system activity, and specifically targeted to the cannabinoid binding site near residue S307 of GlyR-α3. Drugs were ranked based on their predicted binding affinities across the ensemble of GlyR-α3 structures. Leading compounds were selected for experimental validation in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing GlyR-α3, and several have been found to exhibit dose-dependent inhibitory effects at micromolar concentrations. This study provides evidence that the cannabinoid-binding site may be shared in glycine receptors for both positive and negative allosteric modulators, and demonstrates the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of allosteric modulation in glycine receptors. Research supported by NIH grants and T32EB009403.
Cultivation of a native alga for biomass and biofuel accumulation in coal bed methane production water

Abstract Coal bed methane (CBM) production has resulted in thousands of ponds in the Powder River Basin of low-quality water in a water-challenged region. A green alga isolate, PW95, was isolated from a CBM production pond, and analysis of a partial ribosomal gene sequence indicated the isolate belongs to the Chlorococcaceae family. Different combinations of macro- and micronutrients were evaluated for PW95 growth in CBM water compared to a defined medium. A small level of growth was observed in unamended CBM water (0.15 g/l), and biomass increased (2-fold) in amended CBM water or defined growth medium. The highest growth rate was observed in CBM water amended with both N and P, and the unamended CBM water displayed the lowest growth rate. The highest lipid content (27%) was observed in CBM water with nitrate, and a significant level of lipid accumulation was not observed in the defined growth medium. Growth analysis indicated that nitrate deprivation coincided with lipid accumulation in CBM production water, and lipid accumulation did not increase with additional phosphorus limitation. The presented results show that CBM production wastewater can be minimally amended and used for the cultivation of a native, lipid-accumulating alga.
Recourse to Force: Anticipatory self-defense

The typology Earlier chapters of this study have employed a typology for examining the UN system's response to states' “unauthorized” resort to force, i.e. in circumstances in which the state has not been the victim of a traditional armed attack and the Security Council has not voted to invoke collective measures under Charter Chapter VII. Chapter 3 has identified five clusters of justification advanced in support of such unauthorized recourse to force. Using this analytic typology, the study seeks to ascertain the extent to which each kind of unconventional justification has been validated in systemic practice. From the foregoing examination of some of this practice, it appears that the principal organs of the United Nations have responded in accordance with the nuanced situational merits of each crisis, rather than in compliance with any general redefinition of the concept of “self-defence” contained in Article 51. Although the role of political horse-trading cannot be discounted, it appears that most countries have reacted with integrity, instance-by-instance, to the weight of factual and contextual evidence presented by advocates and critics of each use of force. This is also true in those instances in which the use of force has been justified as “anticipatory self-defence.” Anticipatory use of force in self-defense as a legal concept Anticipatory self-defense has a long history in customary international law. As early as 1837, it was canvassed by US Secretary of State Daniel Webster in the Caroline dispute.
Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy with Phospholipase C Beta 1 Deficiency

The clinical presentation and evolution of epileptic encephalopathy associated with a loss-of-function mutation in the phospholipase C-b 1 gene are reported in a male infant with infantile spasms treated at the University of Birmingham School of Medicine, UK.
Network completion by leveraging similarity of nodes

The analysis of social networks has attracted much attention in recent years. Link prediction is an important aspect of social network analysis and an area of key research within that is the network completion problem, where it is assumed that only a small sample of a network (e.g., a complete or partially observed subgraph of a social graph) is observed and we would like to infer the unobserved part of the network. In a typical network completion problem the standard methods, such as matrix completion, are inapplicable due the nonuniform sampling of observed links. This paper investigates the network completion problem and demonstrates that by effectively leveraging the side information about the nodes (such as the pairwise similarity), it is possible to predict the unobserved part of the network with high accuracy. To this end, we propose an efficient algorithm that decouples the completion from transduction stage to effectively exploit the similarity information. This crucial difference greatly boosts the performance where appropriate similarity information is used. The recovery error of the proposed algorithm is analyzed theoretically based on the richness of the similarity information and the size of the observed subnetwork. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm that addresses the network completion with similarity of nodes with provable guarantees. Through extensive experiments on four real-world datasets, we demonstrate that (1) leveraging side information in matrix completion by decoupling the completion from transduction significantly improves the link prediction performance, (2) proposed two-stage method can deal with the cold-start problem that arises when a new entity enters the network, and (3) our approach is scalable to large-scale networks.
Key Role of Capsular Polysaccharide in the Induction of Systemic Infection and Abortion by Hypervirulent Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen, and a hypervirulent clone, named clone SA, has recently emerged as the predominant cause of ovine abortion in the United States. To induce abortion, orally ingested Campylobacter must translocate across the intestinal epithelium, spread systemically in the circulation, and reach the fetoplacental tissue. Bacterial factors involved in these steps are not well understood. C. jejuni is known to produce capsular polysaccharide (CPS), but the specific role that CPS plays in systemic infection and particularly abortion in animals remains to be determined. In this study, we evaluated the role of CPS in bacteremia using a mouse model and in abortion using a pregnant guinea pig model following oral challenge. Compared with C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and 81-176, a clone SA isolate (IA3902) resulted in significantly higher bacterial counts and a significantly longer duration of bacteremia in mice. The loss of capsule production via gene-specific mutagenesis in IA3902 led to the complete abolishment of bacteremia in mice and abortion in pregnant guinea pigs, while complementation of capsule expression almost fully restored these phenotypes. The capsule mutant strain was also impaired for survival in guinea pig sera and sheep blood. Sequence-based analyses revealed that clone SA possesses a unique CPS locus with a mosaic structure, which has been stably maintained in all clone SA isolates derived from various hosts and times. These findings establish CPS as a key virulence factor for the induction of systemic infection and abortion in pregnant animals and provide a viable candidate for the development of vaccines against hypervirulent C. jejuni.
Unilateral Headache Status after Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Placement.

Introduction. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation is a catheter-based treatment for coronary artery disease and decompensated heart failure to increase coronary blood flow and improve cardiac output. IABP is generally well tolerated, and complications are usually related to peripheral vasculature or red blood cell and platelet consumption. The usual insertion site via femoral artery renders the patient bedbound. Recently, axillary artery has been used in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease and documented small arteries or in those awaiting transplant to ensure ambulation and prevent deconditioning. Case Report. We present a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction, awaiting Orthotropic Heart Transplant. His worsening intractable angina and dyspnea necessitated IABP placement via left axillary artery, significantly improving his condition. He subsequently experienced migraine-type persistent unilateral headache refractory to standard pain management. Multiple strategies were utilized to treat his pain, but the patient insisted that his pain commenced after IABP placement. Ultimately, the removal of the pump led to complete resolution with no recurrence. Conclusion. The authors hypothesize that the unilaterally directed blood flow and direct increase in cerebral perfusion from the intra-aortic balloon pump may have caused vasodilation of the extracranial arteries, leading to a persistent and debilitating headache in this susceptible patient.
Prostate Cancer: An Update on Molecular Pathology with Clinical Implications

Abstract Recent advances in sequencing technologies, proteomics, and metabolomics have led to the identification of numerous molecular alterations across solid tumors including prostate cancer. The delineation of various genetic and epigenetic events involved in tumor progression have facilitated the development of novel diagnostic tests and the successful therapeutic targeting of key oncogenic events in prostate cancer. The most common genomic aberrations in prostate cancer include gene fusions, amplification, deletion, and mutations. In addition, up and down regulation of gene expression in critical cellular pathways is also at play. A series of long noncoding RNA expression changes have been also unveiled from transcriptome sequencing data. They play a regulatory role in prostate cancer and are promising diagnostic and potentially prognostic markers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in molecular pathology of prostate cancer and their emerging clinical utility.
Apps to Eat by: The Relationship Between Product Involvement and On-Demand Food Consumption Among Millennials: An Abstract

With 78 million members (Moore 2012), the purchasing power of the Millennial generation is not to be ignored. Food consumption trends among the Millennial generation has been a topic of discussion in various disciplines (c.f.: Detre et al. 2010; Pomarici and Vecchio 2014); however, very little has been explored in the marketing discipline. These tech-enthusiasts – born between 1982 and 2004 – are currently the largest generational cohort in the global market (Nielsen 2014). This study attempts to understand how generational characteristics attributed to Millennial consumers connect to their level of involvement related to their app usage frequency.
RNase moonlights as a cancer instigator

RNase 5 is a bona fide EGFR ligand that promotes oncogenic transformation in pancreatic cancer.
“You’ve stirred in me my unacted part”—Historical Pageantry as Spectacle in Virginia Woolf’s Between the Acts

Barnaby analyzes Virginia Woolf’s depiction of a history pageant in Between the Acts in light of Guy Debord’s Situationist critique in Society of the Spectacle of the illusion of collective participation in objectified dynastic time. Contrasting the aesthetic unity engineered by real-life pageant-masters with the critical mood advanced by Bertolt Brecht’s disrupted “epic theater,” Barnaby articulates a nuanced understanding of the ill-fated attempt by Woolf’s fictional director to impart authentic historical consciousness through the alienated medium of a revived folk pageant. This study provides essential context to comprehend Woolf’s realism in Between the Acts, including the carnivalesque roots and historical development of pageantry in England, previous fictional satires of the pageant’s modern revival, and other depictions of the pageantizing mindset in Woolf’s Orlando and The Years, T.S. Eliot’s The Family Reunion and Thomas Hardy’s The Dynasts.
MOPEDS: The high cost of cheap and poorly legislated transportation for negligent drivers.

Abstract INTRODUCTION This study evaluates the impact of moped crashes in North Carolina, a state with lenient moped legislation by(1) describing the characteristics of moped crashes and (2) estimating the cost burden of moped-related injuries. METHODS Health and public records of moped crash subjects treated at our hospital were reviewed. Direct costs were billed hospital charges. Indirect costs based on age and outcomes were calculated. RESULTS Between 2008–2013, 368 subjects were involved in 373 moped crashes. 52% of drivers were intoxicated. 38% of drivers had prior DWIs and 26% had prior revoked licenses. Hospitalized subjects (n = 305) had a combined 2687 hospital days, 695 ICU days and 449 trips to the operating room for treatment of their injuries. Average hospital charges were $70,561 per subject. Total direct and indirect costs of moped injuries were over $26 million and $81 million respectively. Medicaid absorbed most of the direct cost ($13.7 M). Estimated direct cost of moped crashes across the state totaled $133 million. CONCLUSION Healthcare and financial ramifications of moped collisions are substantial. Laws governing moped drivers and stricter penalties for intoxicated drivers are needed.