cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utility of unenhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted MRI in children with sickle cell disease — can it differentiate bone infarcts from acute osteomyelitis?

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of bone infarcts and acute osteomyelitis. The clinical differentiation between a bone infarct and acute osteomyelitis is a diagnostic challenge. Unenhanced T1-W fat-saturated MR images have been proposed as a potential tool to differentiate bone infarcts from osteomyelitis. To evaluate the reliability of unenhanced T1-W fat-saturated MRI for differentiation between bone infarcts and acute osteomyelitis in children with SCD. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 31 children (20 boys, 11 girls; mean age 10.6 years, range 1.1–17.9 years) with SCD and acute bone pain who underwent MR imaging including unenhanced T1-W fat-saturated images from 2005 to 2010. Complete clinical charts were reviewed by a pediatric hematologist with training in infectious diseases to determine a clinical standard to define the presence or absence of osteomyelitis. A pediatric radiologist reviewed all MR imaging and was blinded to clinical information. Based on the signal intensity in T1-W fat-saturated images, the children were further classified as positive for osteomyelitis (low bone marrow signal intensity) or positive for bone infarct (high bone marrow signal intensity). Based on the clinical standard, 5 children were classified as positive for osteomyelitis and 26 children as positive for bone infarct (negative for osteomyelitis). The bone marrow signal intensity on T1-W fat-saturated imaging was not significant for the differentiation between bone infarct and osteomyelitis (P = 0.56). None of the additional evaluated imaging parameters on unenhanced MRI proved reliable in differentiating these diagnoses. The bone marrow signal intensity on unenhanced T1-W fat-saturated MR images is not a reliable criterion to differentiate bone infarcts from osteomyelitis in children.
Chapter 27 The binary rare earth oxides

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the full range of binary rare earth oxide phases known to exist together with their concomitant structural, thermodynamic, and dynamic characteristics. The rare earths used here include the fifteen lanthanide elements and scandium and yttrium. This large group of elements with measured differences provides one of the best sources available for studying developing chemical and physical characteristics. They do not possess the full range of solid-state properties but they will be appreciated as one of the best model systems because they provide subtle variations in properties that may be utilized to test hypotheses or theories. In addition to their intrinsic theoretical interest and as models for other systems, the oxides of the rare earths have many practical uses. They receive attention in industry because of their potential use as control rods for nuclear reactors where samarium, gadolinium, and europium oxides are incorporated into cermets or are used in fuel elements as burnable poisons.
Hybrid double flying capacitor multicell converter for renewable energy integration

This paper proposes a novel hybrid topology for double flying capacitor multicell (DFCM) converters that is suitable for grid-tied renewable energy systems. The proposed hybrid power converter is realized by the cascade connection of one DFCM power converter and one full-bridge converter (FBC) comprising floating-capacitor. Floating-capacitor voltage of the FBC is regulated naturally at its required voltage level owing to presence of redundant charging/discharging states provided by the proposed switching and modulation pattern for the suggested hybrid converter. So, the proposed control technique not only preserves natural balancing for FC voltages of DFCM converter but also provides natural balancing for floating-capacitor voltage of the FBC. The proposed hybrid DFCM power converter is simulated to inject/absorb active/reactive-power harvested from renewable energy resources into/from power grid. The presented simulation results for suggested hybrid DFCM power converter validate its viability, advantages, effectiveness, and the proposed modulation and control strategy.
Utilizing the NURBS modeler Rhino/sup /spl reg// for economical and intuitive 3D product development

Many manufacturing firms in today's economy are reluctant to engage their design personnel in costly, difficult to operate 3D CAD packages. While the attributes of designing in 3D are numerous and beneficial, committing to a high-end design software package often seems unjustifiable, especially when only a few new designs are required. An extremely attractive alternative to this dilemma is the integration of a powerful and innovative 3D modeling software called Rhinoceros/sup /spl reg//, or Rhino/sup /spl reg// for short. While costing substantially less than most 3D modeling programs, Rhino supplies an impressive array of advanced capabilities not found on many of the most powerful design software's on the market. Though not considered a parametric or feature-based modeler, Rhino often supplements these costly packages to accomplish complex surfacing challenges. This paper introduces this incredible program as it applies to the motor manufacturing industry and highlights the ease-of-use and incredible power of this modeling and presentation software. Additionally, an overview of different types of 3D modeling software is given in contextual reference to where this product may fit into a firm's design initiatives.
L-DOPA effect on blood pressure in man.

Publisher Summary Oral levodopa commonly induces a reduction of the blood pressure in human. This hypotensive effect is seldom severe, usually clears spontaneously, and has not posed a serious problem in the treatment of Parkinsonian patients. The hypotensive action of levodopa is of some interest, because the administration of the precursor of norepinephrine might have been reasonably predicted to induce a rise, rather than a fall in the blood pressure. Evidence bearing on the mechanism of the hypotensive action of levodopa is reviewed in this chapter, considering the problem of whether the disease for which levodopa is being given, idiopathic Parkinsonism, itself contributes to any abnormality of blood pressure control. A distinction is made between the set of the blood pressure (represented by values obtained when the patient is lying supine) and the baroreflexes (represented by values obtained in the standing position or from measurements of the responses to Valsalva's maneuver). The hypotensive action of levodopa has two components, one central, involving the set of the blood pressure, and the other peripheral, leading to impairment of baroceptor reflexes. Dopamine receptor agonists, such as bromocriptine and lergotrile, also impair the set and baroreflex control of the blood pressure. The complexity of transmitter interactions, which are currently considered possible, are such that no simple explanation can yet be formulated to account for the hypotensive action of levodopa in terms of a firmly based, unified hypothesis.
The marketing manager as a jazz musician

Purpose – Recently, organizational theorists and business thinkers have discovered the jazz metaphor and have employed this trope as an analogy to infer and describe best practices in the areas of organizational innovation and business strategy. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The present paper extends and amplifies this insight in the area of marketing practice and compares the marketing manager to the jazz musician with special attention to the problem of introducing new offerings during the mature stage of the product life cycle – namely, the strategic issue that concerns most marketing managers most of the time. Findings – Ultimately, the author is struck by the rather profound ways in which – true to the jazz metaphor – the marketing manager during the mature phase of the product life cycle resembles an improvising musician. Originality/value – The present paper pursues this theme in connection with one particular aspect of marketing strategy – namely, the design a...
Nuclear Disruption After Infection of Escherichia coli with a Bacteriophage T4 Mutant Unable to Induce Endonuclease II

Nuclear disruption after infection of Escherichia coli with a bacteriophage T4 mutant deficient in the ability to induce endonuclease II indicates that either (i) the endonuclease II-catalyzed reaction is not the first step in host deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) breakdown or (ii) nuclear disruption is independent of nucleolytic cleavage of the host chromosome. M-band analysis demonstrates that the host DNA remains membrane-bound after infection with either an endonuclease II-deficient mutant or T4 phage ghosts.
Possible Time-Reversal Noninvariance in Nuclear Forces

A model suggested by Sudarshan which relates strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions through vector and axial-vector currents is adapted to nucleon-nucleon scattering. Strong time-reversal violation is predicted in $n\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering above 100 MeV through the same mechanism assumed to cause $\mathrm{CP}$-invariance violation in weak hadronic decays. Where a $T$-invariance violation has been sought for and not found, i.e., in $p\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering up to 635 MeV and low-energy $n\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering, the model predicts very little $T$-invariance violation.
Electron microscopic mapping of complementary sequences on single strands of bacteriophage lambda DNA.

Four restriction fragments derived from the right one-third of λ DNA and which contain transposon Tn903 and Tn5 insertions were purified by agarose gel electrophoresis. These fragments were denatured to single strands and prepared for electron microscopy under partial denaturing conditions. Using the inverted repeat stems of Tn903 and Tn5 as position markers, the locations of long range intrastrand base-pairing were mapped. This analysis revealed two basic types of interactions. The first type consisted of largely homologous sequences arranged in opposite orientation on the DNA, illustrated by the observation of a large loop due to pairing between left (73%λ) and right (78% to 79%λ) operator and nut sequences. An additional example of this type of interaction was observed between the kil (69%λ) and ninR (86%λ) regions. The second type of interaction reproducibly observed on λ single-stranded DNA involved pairing between sites located in individual transcription units, and hence these interactions reflect the structure of the corresponding messenger RNA. The paired regions of this type were located between genes cII (79%λ) and R (95%λ). One interaction spanned the early terminator tR2 (84%λ) and two spanned the late promoter p6s (91.9%λ) and terminator t6s (92.3%λ). As a result, rightward mRNA transcripts would be folded differently depending on the expression of specific promoters and terminators. Available λ nucleotide sequences were analyzed to locate base-pairing which could give rise to the observed interactions. Potential roles for the observed long range base-pairing in λ development are presented, including the suggestion that gene Q polypeptide synthesis might be autoregulated by mRNA secondary structure.
Kellogg Funded Education and Career Information Centers in Public Libraries.

A series of generous grants by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation to public libraries in several states (first in New York, and later in Pennsylvania, Michigan, Nebraska, and Washington) has in the last several years resulted in the creation of a number of education, job, and career information centers. These centers have enriched services in libraries by bringing librarians in direct contact with other professionals, most notably career counselors and adult educators, and by making available to library users interactive career counseling software and career guidance services. There is a great range of professional practice subsumed in these Kellogg funded education information centers (EICs). These centers, usually start with a very strong materials collection, interactive software packages, and information services needed to support the needs of job seekers and career changers. Most EICs, known by such names as Job and Career Information Center, Work Place, Work World, and Education Information Center, provide extensive client centered activities which include advisement and counseling regarding the job seeking/career change process. At some sites there are career counselors working at the library; at others librarians refer clients to the services of career counselors. These services have provided badly needed, free assistance to citizens in well over a hundred communities in the funded states. Their success has been due to several factors: their design--which focuses on the needs of the individuals, a well designed training package, a community based approach which involves working closely with ap-
Maternity leave: existing policies in obstetrics and gynecology residency programs.

OBJECTIVE: To survey program directors in obstetrics and gynecology regarding maternity leave and to determine how programs are dealing with maternity leave coverage. METHODS: Questionnaires regarding impact and policy on maternity leave were mailed to accredited obstetrics and gynecology residency programs. RESULTS: A total of 188 of 274 (69%) questionnaires were returned completed. Respectively, 80% and 69% of respondents indicated that they have a formal maternity (maximum mean 8.7 weeks) and paternity (mean 5.27 days) leave policy. Approximately 75% of programs require residents to make up time if their leave exceeds 8 weeks during the first 3 years. Eighty-five percent of programs require residents to make up time if their leave exceeds 6 weeks during the fourth year. Ninety-three percent of programs require residents to make up time if their leave exceeds 20 weeks over the 4 years. Seventy-seven percent of respondents have other residents in their program cover for the absent resident. Thirty-seven percent of programs have schedules flexible enough to allow rearrangement so that some rotations go uncovered. Eighty-three percent of programs surveyed stated that maternity leave has a somewhat to very significant impact on the residents' schedules. CONCLUSION: Most residency programs have written maternity/paternity leave policies. A more flexible curriculum may help to accommodate the residents on leave without overburdening the residents who are left to cover.
Evaluation of phase equilibria in the Nb-rich portion of Nb–B system

Abstract The phase equilibria in the Nb-rich portion of Nb–B system have been evaluated experimentally using metallographic analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction. It showed that Nbss (solid solution) and NbB are the only two primary phases in the 0–40 at.% B composition range, and the eutectic reaction L ↔ Nb ss + NbB exists, instead of the generally accepted reaction L ↔ Nb ss + Nb 3 B 2 , as indicated in the Nb–B phase diagram. The Nb3B2 phase, however, forms by the peritectoid reaction Nb ss + NbB ↔ Nb 3 B 2 . DTA tests were conducted on annealed Nb–14B, Nb–16B, Nb–18B and Nb-40B alloys, and temperature and heat of phase transition were determined. The eutectic reaction ( L ↔ Nb ss + NbB ) temperature was determined to be 2104 ± 5 °C, and the heat of phase transition was estimated as 22–30 kJ/mol, depending on the method of calibration used. The thermal event associated with peritectoid reactions was not observed in DTA curves due to sluggish solid state transformation, but the thermal annealing experiments show that peritectoid temperature is above 1900 °C.
An application of electrothermal feedback for high resolution cryogenic particle detection

A novel type of superconducting transition edge sensor is proposed. In this sensor, the temperature of a superconducting film is held constant by feeding back to its position on the resistive transition edge. Energy deposited in the film is measured by a reduction in the feedback Joule heating. This mode of operation should lead to substantial improvements in resolution, linearity, dynamic range, and count rate. Fundamental resolution limits are below ΔE=√kT2C, which is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the thermodynamic limit. This performance is better than any existing technology operating at the same temperature, count rate, and absorber heat capacity. Applications include high resolution x‐ray spectrometry, dark matter searches, and neutrino detection.
A few remarks on the index of context-free grammars and languages

A hierarchy of context-free grammars and languages with respect to the index of context-free grammars is established and the undecidability of the basic problems is proven.
Ecological Generalization and Structural Transformation of Sociocultural Systems1

In recent years, refinements and extensions of the theory of sociocultural evolution have not developed at a pace consistent with the theory's potential. It is suggested that the abatement in theory generating activity is due in part to a lack of clarity in the statement of certain fundamental ideas in the now classic Evolution and Culture, edited by Sahlins and Service (1960). The present essay attempts to improve upon their contribution by the clarification, modification, and extension of some aspects of the general theory of sociocultural evolution. The result is a series of theoretical propositions which give rigorous expression to many of the central ideas in the theory and underlines the predictive power of the concept of ecological generalization. The primary implication of this paper is that further development of the theory of sociocultural evolution is likely to proceed only if a greater degree of clarity in definition and increased rigor in the explicit statement of theoretical propositions is adopted as a mode of communication among theoreticians.
Development and analytic validation of an immunoassay for the quantification of canine S100A12 in serum and fecal samples and its biological variability in serum from healthy dogs

S100A12 (calgranulin C) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein that has been proposed to play a central role in both innate and acquired immune responses. In humans, S100A12 has been reported to be increased in serum and/or plasma in patients with various inflammatory disorders, and this protein has been suggested to be a sensitive and specific marker for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An immunoassay for S100A12 is currently available for use in humans, but antibodies against the human protein do not cross-react with canine S100A12 (cS100A12). Both sensitive and specific markers for canine patients with systemic or localized inflammatory diseases are currently lacking, thus the aim of this study was to develop and analytically validate a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the quantification of cS100A12 in serum and fecal specimens and to determine the biological variation of cS100A12 in serum from healthy dogs. A competitive liquid-phase RIA was developed and analytically validated by determining assay working range, dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, and intra- and inter-assay variability. Reference intervals for serum and fecal concentrations of cS100A12 were established from 124 and 65 healthy dogs, respectively, and components of variation for serum cS100A12 were determined from 11 dogs over 2.6 months. The working range of the assay was 0.6-432.7 μg/L. No cross-reactivity was observed with the cS100A8/A9 protein complex, the closest structural analogues available. Observed-to-expected ratios (O/E) for the serial dilution of serum and fecal extracts ranged from 97.2 to 146.8% and from 75.3 to 129.8%, respectively. O/E for spiking recovery for serum and fecal extracts ranged from 87.8 to 130.4% and from 84.8 to 143.8%, respectively. Coefficients of variation (CV) for intra- and inter-assay variability for sera were ≤ 8.1% and ≤ 7.8%, respectively, and were ≤ 7.8% and ≤ 8.7%, respectively, for fecal extracts. Reference intervals for serum and fecal cS100A12 were 33.2-225.1 μg/L and <24-745 ng/g, respectively. For biological variability testing, analytical, intra-individual, inter-individual, and total CV were 5.7, 29.2, 31.2, and 66.0%, respectively, yielding an index of individuality of 0.95 and a minimum critical difference (p<0.05) for sequential values of 84.9%. The RIA for cS100A12 measurement described here is analytically sensitive and specific, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible, and will facilitate further research into the clinical utility of quantifying serum and fecal cS100A12 in canine patients with inflammatory diseases. Moderate changes in serum cS100A12 concentrations may be clinically relevant; however, the use of a population-based reference interval may require caution.
A remarkable heterophyllous disciphania (Menispermaceae) from Peru

Described and illustrated isDisciphania heterophylla, of which the leaf-blades vary on one stem from symmetrically hastate to pentagonal or irregularly 3-4-gonal. No known species resembles it in foliage.
Enhancer RNAs participate in androgen receptor-driven looping that selectively enhances gene activation

The androgen receptor (AR) is a key factor that regulates the behavior and fate of prostate cancer cells. The AR-regulated network is activated when AR binds enhancer elements and modulates specific enhancer-promoter looping. Kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), which codes for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is a well-known AR-regulated gene and its upstream enhancers produce bidirectional enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), termed KLK3e. Here, we demonstrate that KLK3e facilitates the spatial interaction of the KLK3 enhancer and the KLK2 promoter and enhances long-distance KLK2 transcriptional activation. KLK3e carries the core enhancer element derived from the androgen response element III (ARE III), which is required for the interaction of AR and Mediator 1 (Med1). Furthermore, we show that KLK3e processes RNA-dependent enhancer activity depending on the integrity of core enhancer elements. The transcription of KLK3e was detectable and its expression is significantly correlated with KLK3 (R(2) = 0.6213, P < 5 × 10(-11)) and KLK2 (R(2) = 0.5893, P < 5 × 10(-10)) in human prostate tissues. Interestingly, RNAi silencing of KLK3e resulted in a modest negative effect on prostate cancer cell proliferation. Accordingly, we report that an androgen-induced eRNA scaffolds the AR-associated protein complex that modulates chromosomal architecture and selectively enhances AR-dependent gene expression.
Batch-fabricated MEMS retarding potential analyzer for high-accuracy ion energy measurements

We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a novel fully microfabricated retarding potential analyzer (RPA) with performance better than the state-of-the-art. Our device comprises a set of bulk-micromachined electrode grids with apertures and inter-electrode spacing compatible with high-density plasma measurements; the thick electrodes also make our ion energy sensor more resistant to ablation in harsh environments than previously reported miniaturized RPAs. Our RPA includes a set of microfabricated deflection springs for robust and compliant alignment of the grid apertures across the grid stack, which greatly increases the signal strength and minimizes the ion interception, resulting in a tenfold improvement in peak signal amplitude compared to an RPA with unaligned grids and similar inter-electrode spacing.
Bethe lattice approximation of long-range interaction Ising models

Abstract An extension or modification of the usual Bethe lattice is used to approximate one-dimensional Ising models with long-range pair interactions of the form Σ ( J / m Θ )σ i σ i + m . In particular an expression is obtained which allows one to one to obtain the critical temperature, T c , as a function of Θ, in the approximation. Our results are compared to a number of other T c approximations.
An efficient numerical method for solving the differential equation of renal counterflow systems

Abstract It is well known that the crucial step in the mathematical modeling of the kidney involves the determination of the roots of large systems of sparse non-linear algebraic equations. We utilize the information about the flow directions and the physiological connectivity of the various tubes in the kidney to develop a sparse matrix version of Newton's method for the solution of these equations. The storage requirement for our method is independent of the number of tubes in the model, and its rate of convergence is that of Newton's method.
Experimental characterization of the heat transfer in a free-falling-particle receiver

Abstract This paper describes the measurements performed on a Free Falling curtain of spherical beads being irradiated in a high-flux solar furnace. The curtain of spherical beads is part of a direct absorption solar receiver concept, which replaces the conventional water and steam receiver (DAR) and is potentially more efficient and less expensive than a conventional receiver. To adequately describe a DAR a series of experiments have been designed and implemented to measure radiative heat flux and particle temperatures. The extinction coefficient for the DAR bead curtain has also been measured. These data and results along with a new method for measuring bulk bead temperature will be discussed. A method is also described which uses the angular distribution of incoming radiative heat flux to estimate the incoming intensity field.
The thiobarbituric acid test for lipid peroxidation: Structure of the adduct with malondialdehyde

The complete structure of the red crystalline 2∶1 adduct from thiobarbituric acid and malondialdehyde has been unambiguously determined by FTIR and high-field1H and13C NMR studies.
Neural substrates of two different rhythmical vibrissal movements in the rat

Normal rats show two types of rhythmical vibrissal movement, one synchronized precisely with alpha waves (about 9 Hz) of the thalamocortical system, and the other often synchronized with theta waves (about 7 Hz) of the septohippocampal system. The alpha-synchronized vibrissal movements appear while the rat stands still with a slow respiratory pattern, and are of small amplitude (a fine tremor). The theta-synchronized vibrissal movements appear during exploratory sniffing behavior, and are of large amplitude. Thus, a group of facial motoneurons which constitute the final common pathway for vibrissal movement apparently receive input convergently from these two neural systems. In the present study, we observed the following: (1) the two types of movement rarely, if ever, appeared simultaneously and the same was true of the two brain wave patterns. Topographically, the predominant appearance of the alpha waves was in the frontal (sensorimotor) cortex, whereas that of the theta waves was in the occipital cortex and hippocampus. (2) Bilateral ablation of either the entire neocortex or just its anterior (but not posterior) half eliminated the vibrissal alpha-tremor movement while leaving vibrissal theta-sniffing movement normal. In anterior decorticate rats, the tremor movements started to recover by 1-4 months, and were abolished again by the removal of the remaining posterior cortex. (3) Lesions of the medial septum or the fornix eliminated hippocampal theta waves, but had no effect on vibrissal sniffing movement or alpha wave-vibrissal tremor. (4) Cerebellectomy and, to a lesser extent, pharmacological lesions of the inferior olive slowed, but did not block, alpha waves. In addition, vibrissal tremor movement became intermittent and less vigorous. The same manipulations, however, did not affect theta wave-vibrissal sniffing movement. (5) Harmaline (30 mg/kg, i.p.) did not induce alpha-tremor, which, in combination with the results with cerebellectomy and inferior olive lesions, indicates that alpha-tremor is generated by a neural mechanism that is different from that for harmaline-induced generalized tremor of 10 Hz. These findings confirmed that there exist two patterns of synchrony between vibrissal movement and rhythmical brain activity in the rat, i.e. alpha wave-vibrissal tremor movement and theta wave-vibrissal sniffing movement, and suggest that the two patterns reflect a rhythmical mode of functioning of two different neural systems, probably the thalamocortical and the septohippocampal system, respectively.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Repair: Preclinical Studies and Potential Orthopedic Applications

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from adult bone marrow, are multi-potent stem cells capable of differentiating along several lineage pathways. From a small bone marrow aspirate, MSCs can be readily isolated and easily expanded. Therefore, MSCs are thought to be a readily available source of cells for many tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. This review covers preclinical models that evaluate the efficacy of MSC-loaded scaffolds in large bone defects as a potential substitute for autologous and allogeneic bone grafts. This review also covers new approaches to clinical use of MSC technology.
Enhanced inferencing: estimation of a workload dependent performance model

Performance modeling of software systems is vital for predictive analysis of their performance and capacity planning of the host environment. Robust performance prediction and efficient capacity planning highly depend on an accurate estimation of the underlying model parameters. AMBIENCE, which is a prototype tool developed at IBM Research, makes use of the powerful Inferencing technique to generate a workload-independent parameters based performance model. However, modern software systems are quite complex in design and may exhibit variable service times and overheads at changing workloads. In this work, we extend the Inferencing technique for generating workload-dependent service time and CPU overhead based performance models. We call this extended form as Enhanced Inferencing. Implementation of Enhanced Inferencing in AMBIENCE shows significant improvement of the order of 26 times over Inferencing. We further present a case study where Enhanced Inferencing provides a quantitative performance difference between consolidated and partitioned software system installations. Ability to carry out such evaluations can have significant impact on capacity planning of software systems that are characterized by workload-dependent model parameters.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of (TTP)Ti(1,2-η2-PhC⋮C−C⋮CPh)

The tetratolylporphyrinato complex, (TTP)TiCl2, oxidatively couples lithium acetylide reagents (LiC⋮CR; R = Ph, SiMe3) to 1,3-butadiyne products. The reduced Ti(II) fragment scavenges the diyne to ...
The origins of the magnet wire industry in America

It is difficult to overemphasize the importance of magnet wire for modern technology and our everyday life. This paper examines the development of insulating wire and the history of its manufacture in the USA.
Synthesis, receptor potency, and selectivity of halogenated diphenylpiperidines as serotonin 5-HT2A ligands for PET or SPECT brain imaging.

A series of 4‘-substituted phenyl-4-piperidinylmethanol and benzoyl-4-piperidine derivatives was synthesized as potential novel serotonin 5-HT2A receptor ligands that can be radiolabeled for in viv...
Secondary closure of alveolar defects

Abstract Alveolar defects are seen secondary to congenital and traumatic events. A technique for closure of these defects and associated oronasal fistula is presented. Autogenous iliac crest bone is utilized. Closure of the defect involves closure of the nasal mucosa, implantation of bone, and oral pedicle flaps. Three cases are described as well as some aspects of preoperative and postoperative care.
Suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion in hemodialysis patients: Comparison of paricalcitol with calcitriol

Paricalcitol was introduced recently as an effective alternative to calcitriol for the suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients with end-stage renal disease. An international, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, comparative study of intravenous paricalcitol and calcitriol was performed. Results from 38 patients at dialysis units affiliated with the Northwestern University Medical School (Chicago and Evanston, IL) are reported here while a report of the full clinical trial is being completed. Results were evaluated in terms of obtaining the following end points: decrease of at least 50% in baseline PTH concentration and the occurrence of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Paricalcitol therapy was started at a dose of 0.04 microgram/kg and increased by 0.04 microgram/kg increments every 4 weeks to a maximum allowable dose of 0.24 microgram/kg or until there was at least a 50% decrease in serum PTH concentration. Calcitriol therapy was started at a dose of 0.01 microgram/kg and increased by 0.01 microgram/kg increments every 4 weeks to a maximum allowable dose of 0.06 microgram/kg or until there was at least a 50% decrease in serum PTH concentration. Mean baseline serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were similar. Reductions in PTH occurred more rapidly in subjects administered paricalcitol compared with calcitriol, with no difference in serum calcium levels throughout the study between groups. The percentage of subjects experiencing severe hyperphosphatemia (serum phosphorus >8.0 mg/dL) was greater in those administered calcitriol compared with paricalcitol. In conclusion, our data suggest that paricalcitol reduces PTH levels more rapidly, with fewer episodes of hyperphosphatemia, than intravenous calcitriol.
Second-Order Acoustic Fields: Streaming with Viscosity and Relaxation

The streaming caused by an acoustic field, which has been previously considered by Eckart, is re-examined. The concept of mass flow is introduced, and a relaxational relation, between the excess pressure and the excess density, is employed. Further, various proofs of Eckart are modified. The results are essentially the same as those given by Eckart except that they apply to the mass flow instead of the particle velocity. Also, an explicit frequency dependence of the flow is obtained which explains Liebermann's result in ethyl formate. In general to have an average mass flow, viscosity is needed, and the time average of the product of the density and the particle velocity, to second order, is solenoidal. The proof regarding mass flow is not sufficiently general to preclude the possibility of flow under every acoustic field.
Social Work Roles and Activities Regarding Psychiatric Medication: Results of a National Survey

This article reports the findings of a 2001 national survey of social workers regarding their everyday practice roles and activities regarding psychiatric medication. The results of this quantitative study indicate variability in the types of roles carried out by social workers with regard to psychiatric medication, but that perceptions of competence and appropriateness in these roles tended to be positively associated with frequency of roles performed. Using content analysis of two open-ended questions, the authors present themes for respondents' keys to success and desired changes in working with clients and colleagues around psychiatric medication. The results suggest that achieving greater role breadth and competence with regard to psychiatric medications may be best achieved by increasing social workers' knowledge about psychiatric medication, increasing their use of specific intervention skills, and increasing the frequency of professional contact between clinicians and prescribing physicians.
Propanoyl ion formation from metastable [C3H6O]+˙ ions

Collisionally activated spectra demonstrate that CH3CH2CO+ rather than is formed in the metastable losses of hydrogen from [C3H6O]+˙ ions with the oxygen on the first carbon. This provides another example of formation of an acyl ion following ‘ketonization’ prior to metastable decomposition.
Geointerpretative Opportunities Foster Learning Outside the Classroom

Abstract Field trips have long been a part of school activities, learning, and curriculum. The application of interpretive techniques or the interpretive approach can further enhance learning and retention in outside the classroom opportunities. This is especially true when exploring geographic or geologic concepts. This article explores the concept of interpretation and provides an example of an interpretive opportunity developed for local schools. Recommendations on how to develop an effective interpretive program are discussed.
Fast track to the porphyrias

In susceptible individuals, fasting can trigger an attack of acute porphyria—a syndrome caused by the neurotoxic effects of precursors to porphyrins. The mechanistic basis for this trigger is now uncovered.
Neurotoxicity, neuroplasticity, and magnetic resonance imaging morphometry: what is happening in the schizophrenic brain?

In an era of dramatic discoveries in neuroscience and genetics, it is likely that many popular theories and formulations about mental illness will need to be revised, if not discarded. The “neurodevelopmental hypothesis” is one of the popular theories about the origins of schizophrenia, which posits that abnormalities of early brain development increase risk for the subsequent emergence of the clinical syndrome. 1-3 An early piece of evidence in support of this hypothesis was the apparent lack of progression of cerebral ventricular enlargement observed with computed tomography during illness. 4-9 An important assumption of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis is that the putative primary pathologic condition of the brain is a reflection of abnormalities of early development. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis thus assumes that developmental neuropathologic conditions should arrest early in life and not continue to progress. The computed tomography results showing no apparent progression seemed consistent with this assumption. However, a recent series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies has called into question this assumption, by revealing changes in measurements of brain structures over short periods in patients who have been ill for varying durations and at various stages of life. These recent studies 10-14 have generated enthusiasm for a “neurodegenerative hypothesis,” harkening back to proposals of Kraepelin and other neuropathologists during the first quarter of the 20th century that there is destruction of neural tissue associated with psychosis. In fact, results of MRI measurements have been cited as support for a much broader conceptual revolution in psychiatry, a “neurotoxicity hypothesis” for many psychiatric illnesses, including affective disorders 15,16 and anxiety and stress disorders 17-19 and even jet lag. 20 This recent trend has been bolstered by basic discoveries about the adaptability of neuronal connections 21 and the viability and reproducibility of neurons in the adult brain (eg, apoptosis and neurogenesis). 22,23 These developments have led some to opine that the neurodegenerative hypothesis of schizophrenia may have been unjustly overshadowed by the ascendancy of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. 24
A new tactile illusion: temporal limits on the processing of spatiotemporal patterns.

Abstract A novel illusion was observed when 12 tactile point-stimulators arranged in a circle were sequentially activated so that each quadrant was first traced in a clockwise manner, then counterclockwise, and again in a clockwise manner, after which the next quadrant was similarly traced. Under certain temporal conditions this stimulus pattern was experienced as a point moving through an overall circular path but looping inwardly about once per quadrant. The effects of variations in rate of presentation of such stimuli were investigated by having subjects make drawings of their perceptual experiences. Three skin surfaces were used (palm, fingers, and forearm), and all produced similar results except for lower confidence and reliability of drawings made from forearm stimulation. Pattern presentation rate, however, had a consistent and powerful effect, with the looping illusion most frequently observed at rates around 25 pattern points per s and with different perceptual organizations dominating as rates ...
Defect of Intestinal Mucosal Iron Uptake in Mice with Hereditary Microcytic Anemia

SummaryIntestinal iron absorption was studied in mice with hereditary microcytic anemia (gene symbol mk), an autosomal recessive trait characterized by hypochromia and microcytosis. In vivo studies by means of whole body counting following the intragastric administration of radioiron showed impaired intestinal absorption of iron. Further in vitro studies using the everted duodenal loop technique, demonstrated a defect in the mucosal uptake of iron. Hereditary microcytic anemia should, therefore, provide a valuable model for the study of the mechanisms controlling intestinal iron absorption.
Germ cell binding to rat Sertoli cells in vitro.

The interaction between male germ cells and Sertoli cells was studied in vitro by co-incubation experiments using isolated rat germ cells and primary cultures of Sertoli cells made germ cell-free by the differential sensitivity of germ cells to hypotonic shock. The germ cell/Sertoli cell interaction was examined morphologically with phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy and then quantified by measuring radioactivity bound to Sertoli cell cultures after co-incubation with added (/sup 3/H)leucine-labeled germ cells. Germ cell binding to Sertoli cell cultures was the result of specific adhesion between these two cell types, and several features of this specific adhesion were observed. First, germ cells adhered to Sertoli cell cultures under conditions during which spleen cells and red blood cells did not. Second, germ cells had a greater affinity for Sertoli cell cultures than they had for cultures of testicular peritubular cells or cerebellar astrocytes. Third, germ cells fixed with paraformaldehyde adhered to live Sertoli cultures while similarly fixed spleen cells adhered less tightly. Neither live nor paraformaldehyde-fixed germ cells adhered to fixed Sertoli cell cultures. Fourth, germ cell binding to Sertoli cell cultures was not immediate but increased steadily and approached a maximum at 4 h of co-incubation. Saturation of germmore » cell binding to Sertoli cell cultures occurred when more than 4200 germ cells were added per mm2 of Sertoli cell culture surface. Finally, germ cell binding to Sertoli cell cultures was eliminated when co-incubation was performed on ice. Based on these observations, we concluded that germ cell adhesion to Sertoli cells was specific, temperature-dependent, and required a viable Sertoli cell but not necessarily a viable germ cell.« less
Are atoms sic to molecular electronic wavefunctions? II. Analysis of fors orbitals

Abstract Electronic wavefunctions that describe molecules in the full optimized reaction space (FORS) are multiconfigurational wavefunctions which are invariant under non-singular linear transformations of the occupied molecular orbitals. They offer therefore a considerably wider scope for orbital interpretations than the single-configuration Hartree-Fock approximation. For example they can be analyzed in terms of natural MOs and in terms of localized MOs. The latter turn out to be remarkably atomic in character and a new localization procedure can be formulated which yields atom-adapted molecular orbitals. These have the character of minimal-basis-set AOs that are optimally adapted to the molecular environment and furnish an unambigious atomic population analysis. On the other hand, chemically adapted molecular orbitals can be defined by an appropriate compromise between natural orbitals and localized orbitals. The freedom to use, as configuration-generating molecular orbitals, atom-adapted FORS MOs as well as chemically adapted FORS MOs makes FORS wavefunctions particularly suitable for chemical interpretations. The ensuing analysis establishes the minimal basis set (in molecule-adapted form) as a theoretically sound concept for the understanding of accurate molecular wavefunctions. An illustrative example is discussed.
The Glyoxal BIS(2-Hydroxyanil) Method Modified for Localizing Insoluble Calcium Salts

TO enable staining of insoluble calcium salts with glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) (GBHA), the original solution containing 2 ml of 0.4% GBHA in absolute ethanol, and 0.3 ml of aqueous 5% NaOH, and limited to staining only soluble calcium salts, was modified as follows: 1, 2 ml of 0.4% GBHA in absolute ethanol in 0.6 ml of 10% aqueous NaOH; 11, 0.1 gm GBHA in 2 ml of 3.4% NaOH in 75% ethanol. To prevent diffusion and loss of calcium, the tissues were processed by the freeze-substitution or freeze-dry method and sections stained without removing the paraffin. Modification I is effective only when 1 or 2 drops placed on the section are evaporated gradually to dryness, concentrating the GBHA and NaOH on the insoluble calcium salts. Modification II is effective when dried or poured on the the section and allowed to stain for 5 min. The stained slides are immersed for 15 min in 90% ethanol saturated with KCN and Na2CO3 for specificity to calcium; rinsed and counterstained in 95% ethanol containing 0.1% each of fast...
FETAL GROWTH IN A GROUP OF NORMAL CHILEAN NEWBORN INFANTS

We have observed an abnormal low number of SGA infants (2%) using Lubchenco's intrauterine growth curve. Consequently, we planned a prospective study to get our own pattern. Normal infants born to mothers with normal pregnancies and reliable dates entered in the study. Among 6750 live births occurred between Jan. 1/78 and Jun. 30/81, 3313 (49,9% males) met the selection criteria. Data management was done using a computational system designed by the authors. Birth mean weights and percentiles were calculate at each week of gestation (in grams).
Experimental Validation of the Adaptive Feature-Specific Spectral Imaging Classifier (AFSSI-C)

We present experimental results for the Adaptive Feature-Specific Spectral Imaging Classifier (AFSSI-C) that are in excellent quantitative agreement with simulation. Performance gains >1000x relative to conventional approaches are predicted for expanded systems.
Abstract 2061: Extended adjuvant temozolomide improves survival in a glioblastoma mouse model

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM patients in conjunction with ionizing radiation (IR) or as an adjuvant agent. Yet the prognosis of GBM remains devastating with a median survival of 14 months. We investigated whether extended TMZ treatment cycles would provide survival benefit for GBM patients. To recapitulate the genomic and pathological heterogeneity found in GBM patients, we utilized patient derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. We demonstrated that the combination of TMZ and IR prevents tumor progression, but tumors ultimately recur and lead to death. Overall survival was prolonged when adjuvant TMZ treatment was administered with minimal toxicity. Additionally, development of resistance to TMZ and IR was often correlated with an increase in levels of MGMT protein, irrespective of the promoter methylation status. Moreover, we demonstrate the utility of a voxel-based MRI biomarker, the functional diffusion map (fDM), as an imaging surrogate to detect spatially varying changes in tumor response, as well as a more sensitive predictor of overall response versus whole-volume tumor measurements. The fDM biomarker was also useful as an early predictor of impeding resistance to TMZ and IR. In summary, we demonstrate that prolonged TMZ treatment should be considered for the treatment of GBM patients. Furthermore, MRI based imaging allows early prediction of therapy response as well as impeding resistance. Citation Format: Hanxiao Wang, Wajd Al-Holou, Kevin Heist, Craig J. Galban, Ana C. deCarvalho, Tom Mikkelsen, Brian D. Ross, Alnawaz Rehemtulla. Extended adjuvant temozolomide improves survival in a glioblastoma mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2061. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2061