cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Strength and Interface Characteristics of Transmission Laser Bonding

A laser-based bonding technique, called transmission laser bonding (TLB), is studied for the purposes of device and wafer-level packaging. The TLB technique uses the specific characteristics of a laser to bond a transparent wafer on top of an opaque wafer. When a laser beam with a specific wavelength is passed through a transparent wafer, high-density laser energy is absorbed by the opaque wafer and melts a thin surface layer, resulting in the formation of strong chemical bonds across the two wafers. A Nd:YAG pulse laser has been used to bond a transparent glass wafer to a Si substrate. The associated bond strengths under various bonding conditions are examined by a microtensile tester to quantify the bonding quality. With a contact pressure higher than 0.5 MPa, the TLB strength can reach a stable value of 10.5 MPa, which is comparable to those obtained by other popular bonding processes currently used by the packaging industry. The wafer surface conditions are evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry, while Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to study the characteristics of bonding interfaces. The AFM and profilometry results reveal that the wafer roughness and flatness required by TLB can be less stringent than those specified in the current industrial standards. The AES and XPS results are used to interpret the chemical and physical aspects of TLB formation and to provide the rationale for obtaining high-quality and high-strength TLB
Identification of a novel NADH-specific aldo-keto reductase using sequence and structural homologies.

. Sequence comparisons suggest that analogous glutamate or aspartate residues may function in other AKRs to allow NADH utilization. Based on this, nine putative en- zymes with potential NADH specificity were identified and seven genes were successfully expressed and purified from Drosophila melanogaster, Escherichia coli, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Sulfolobus solfataricus, Sinorhizobium meliloti and Thermotoga maritima. Each was assayed for co-substrate dependence with conventional AKR substrates. Three were exclusive for NADPH (AKR2E3, AKR3F2 and AKR3F3), two were dual-speci- fic (AKR3C2 and AKR3F1) and one was specific for NADH (AKR11B2), the first such activity in an AKR. Fluorescence measurements of the seventh protein indicated that it bound both NADPH and NADH but had no activity. Mutation of the aspartate into an alanine residue or a more mobile glutamate in the NADH- specific E. coli protein converted it into an enzyme with dual spe- cificity. These results show that the presence of this carboxylate is an indication of NADH dependence. This should allow improved prediction of co-substrate specificity and provide a basis for engineering enzymes with altered co-substrate utilization for this class of enzymes.
The Renascence of Islam

The term ‘renascence’ in the title of this paper is perhaps a misnomer. Neither the blame for its misapplication, however, nor the credit for a just use of it, should be laid at my door. For it has been employed frequently of late with reference to various developments in several Muslim countries. And the chief aim of the following brief examination of the origins and trends of thought within the world of Islam is simply to discover what meaning, if any, it may have in this connection.
The global network society and the global public sphere

Ingrid Volkmer outlines the new ‘flow’ of political information that enables us to become informed about issues of global, regional as well as local relevance. The new media infrastructure allows an eyewitness view of events taking place in worldwide locations. These global processes, in which information and knowledge, political values, ethics, aesthetics and lifestyles are exchanged, are becoming increasingly autonomous from nation-state contexts and are beginning to shape a politically relevant ‘global’ public sphere. The author discusses parameters of this new political space.
GPU simulations for risk assessment in CO2 geologic sequestration

A main concern for any CO{sub 2} sequestration system is whether it may leak CO{sub 2} over a long-term time horizon. The outcome depends on the competition between sequestration and leakage processes. Leakages may occur from failure of manmade material or through faults in the formations above the reservoir. A simple and computationally efficient simulator was constructed based on the CQUESTRA model (LeNeveu, 2008). To assess the risk associated with uncertainty in the values of uncertain parameters in this model, thousands of runs were carried out with the simulator on a general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPU). The GPU implementation was up to 64 times faster compared to a CPU implementation. In the absence of active faults around a single injection well, the model suggests that leakages of more than 1% of the total CO{sub 2} are unlikely during the 1000 year period after dissipation of temperature and pressure transients associated with injection. Leakage amounts for ten leaky wells are considerably higher, suggesting the critical importance of monitoring equipment after sequestration.
Is thermospheric long-term cooling due to CO 2 or O 3 ?

Abstract. While greenhouse gases trap heat emanating from the Earth and thereby heat the surface atmosphere, they act as emitters in the high atmosphere and cool the air there. In 1989 Roble and Dickinson (1989) estimated the cooling that would occur in the thermosphere (250–500 km altitude) due to a doubling of greenhouse gas densities. Ever since, long-term data bases have been scoured for evidence of this thermospheric "global cooling." Here we show evidence that the thermosphere did indeed cool over the period 1966–1987, but the data suggest that the cooling accelerated at a "breakpoint year" around 1979 to a rate far larger than may be attributed to greenhouse cooling. This 1979 breakpoint year appears to coincide with a breakpoint year in ozone (O3) column density. Further, the cooling was confined largely to the daytime thermosphere while the nighttime showed only a small trend. These results suggest, first, that the greenhouse cooling of the thermosphere may well not be detectable with current data sets and, second, that the long-term cooling that is clearly seen may be due largely to O3 depletion.
Follicular fluid high density lipoprotein-associated micronutrient levels are associated with embryo fragmentation during IVF

Purpose To investigate whether follicular fluid lipid-soluble micronutrients are associated with embryo morphology parameters during IVF.
Quantitation of myocardial dysfunction in ischemic heart disease by echocardiographic endocardial surface mapping: Correlation with hemodynamic status

Autopsy studies have suggested that infarction of > 35% of the myocardium is associated with cardiogenic shock. However, the relation between the extent of myocardial dysfunction and hemodynamic status has not been defined in patients in vivo. This study investigated, in patients with short-term and chronic left ventricular dysfunction, the relation between hemodynamic status and the extent of regional dyssynergia measured by two-dimensional echocardiography with quantitative endocardial surface mapping. Sixty patients were classified into hemodynamic groups by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac index. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were used to calculate left ventricular endocardial surface area index (ESAi), abnormal wall motion index (AWMi), percentage myocardial dysfunction (%MD), and number of wall motion abnormalities. All patients in class 4 (high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and low cardiac index had > or = 60% MD. With univariate analysis, hemodynamic class correlated with ESAi, AWMi, %MD, the number of wall motion abnormalities, and two clinical variables (number of infarctions and use of diuretic agents). By stepwise linear regression, only AWMi and the number of infarctions were independently predictive of hemodynamic status.
The Stanford Microarray Database

The Stanford Microarray Database (SMD) stores raw and normalized data from microarray experiments, and provides web interfaces for researchers to retrieve, analyze and visualize their data. The two immediate goals for SMD are to serve as a storage site for microarray data from ongoing research at Stanford University, and to facilitate the public dissemination of that data once published, or released by the researcher. Of paramount importance is the connection of microarray data with the biological data that pertains to the DNA deposited on the microarray (genes, clones etc.). SMD makes use of many public resources to connect expression information to the relevant biology, including SGD [Ball,C.A., Dolinski,K., Dwight,S.S., Harris,M.A., Issel-Tarver,L., Kasarskis,A., Scafe,C.R., Sherlock,G., Binkley,G., Jin,H. et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 77-80], YPD and WormPD [Costanzo,M.C., Hogan,J.D., Cusick,M.E., Davis,B.P., Fancher,A.M., Hodges,P.E., Kondu,P., Lengieza,C., Lew-Smith,J.E., Lingner,C. et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 73-76], Unigene [Wheeler,D.L., Chappey,C., Lash,A.E., Leipe,D.D., Madden,T.L., Schuler,G.D., Tatusova,T.A. and Rapp,B.A. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 10-14], dbEST [Boguski,M.S., Lowe,T.M. and Tolstoshev,C.M. (1993) Nature Genet., 4, 332-333] and SWISS-PROT [Bairoch,A. and Apweiler,R. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 45-48] and can be accessed at http://genome-www.stanford.edu/microarray.
Dynamic Field Analysis of Torsionless Grids

Mathematical models in the form of summation equations are developed by neglecting the damping effects and utilizing the flexibility macro approach for grid systems subjected to out-of-plane harmonic loads. Closed form solutions are obtained for forced and free vibration cases in terms of finite sine series. Uniform grids with simple-side-supports as well as bridge-type-boundaries are analyzed for the deflection and moments at every node point in the grid system. All results are numerically illustrated.
Covenant, History, and the Holocaust: Revisiting Emil Fackenheim's Jewish Philosophy

In the twentieth century, historical circumstance in the form of the Holocaust led to theodicy's returning to the forefront of the philosophical agenda, particularly in Jewish thought. As a result, post-Holocaust theology is almost always an element of introductory courses on modern and contemporary Jewish philosophy, if not introductory courses on modern Judaism simpliciter. Many working in the field of Jewish philosophy, therefore, probably first encounter Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003), and the infamous turn of phrase that ensured his immortality in the realm of Jewish thought, early on in their studies. Fackenheim was one of the most influential post-Holocaust philosophical voices in what soon became a cacophony. This German-born philosopher's (and ordained Reform rabbi's) concept of the 614th commandment—not to grant Hitler a posthumous victory (in his own words “the only statement of mine that ever became famous”)—has captured the imagination of many a student and often made a lasting impression. Yet it seems that one of the concerns at the forefront of this new expansive monograph on Fackenheim's philosophy is that for the majority, this constitutes both their first and last exposure to his thought, leaving them with an extremely contracted view of his conceptual palate. The result, noted in the book's introduction, is that Fackenheim has never really been considered a Jewish philosopher worthy of mention in the same breath as Hermann Cohen, Franz Rosenzweig, or even latterly Emmanuel Levinas and Joseph Soloveitchik. In this volume, a case is presented for including him on that list.
Managing Health Care for Medicaid Recipients with Disabilities: Final Report on the Colorado Access Coordinated Care Pilot Program

This pilot program aimed to improve the quality of health care while reducing Medicaid costs by helping individuals use appropriate care that would reduce hospital admissions and emergency department visits. The program had little effect on health care use, but the report suggests several ways to improve its design.
Wages and Turnover: A Parametrization of the Job-Matching Model

Recent empirical work on turnover has emphasized job-matching as the major cause for job-change. Even where job-separations can ultimately be traced to a decline in the demand for the firm’s product, it is the poorly matched who are likely to separate from their jobs. More effort is needed, however, in bringing theory and econometrics closer together in this area. On the one hand, there has been no rigorous test of a matching model, and on the other, evidence has been interpreted as contrary to the matching model when in fact it is not.
Persistence of Spores of Bacillus popilliae, the Causal Organism of Type A Milky Disease of Japanese Beetle Larvae, in New Jersey Soils

An assay of sites in New Jersey where Bacillus popilliae Dutky was colonized 25 years ago for the control of the Japanese beetle demonstrated that the pathogen was still present at all locations. It was found also in uncolonized pastures and cultivated fields within 2 miles of the original colonies.
Cells might not see where they are, but they certainly feel the mechanics of their microenvironment! (Conference Presentation)

What stem cells become depends in part on what they 'mechanically' feel around them. Soft tissues such as fat bear little physical stress and have less abundant structural protein, whereas stiffer tissues like muscle and bone sustain high stress and have a relative abundance of structural proteins. We have begun to uncover systematic relationships between such tissue properties and differentiation processes, having first shown that a soft matrix helps specify soft tissue lineages of stem cells while a stiff matrix helps specify stiff tissue lineages of stem cells. These general principles seem to apply to normal stem cells and perhaps apply or go awry for cancer stem cells.
Ethics and War

This chapter will consider two questions: Can the recourse to war be morally justified, and can moral limitations effectively be put on the methods of warfare ? This century has already seen more people killed and more physical destruction in wartime than any previous century. But the responses to these questions have tended to be similar only in the passionate conviction with which they have been put forward. War is, by common consent, an evil; but there is no consensus on when, if ever, it is a lesser evil. In accordance with the ethical theory outlined in the first chapter, we will take a broadly consequentialist approach to these questions. We will claim that a modified theory of just war is still a useful one, even in a nuclear age, but that it should be regarded as a set of prima facie rules rather than absolute restrictions. The consequentialist is sometimes accused of holding that no moral restrictions can be put on the practice of war because any such restrictions could on occasion be justifiably overridden by considerations of military necessity or the national interest. If, on the other hand, we insist that wars and the conduct of belligerents should be evaluated morally, we are likely to encounter the opposite objection; in George Kennan’s terms, moral principles are either too abstract or too vague to be useful in this context.
Parallel adaptive high-order CFD simulations characterising SOFIA cavity acoustics

This paper presents large-scale parallel computational fluid dynamics simulations for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy SOFIA. SOFIA is an airborne, 2.5-m infrared telescope mounted in an open cavity in the aft fuselage of a Boeing 747SP. These simulations focus on how the unsteady flow field inside and over the cavity interferes with the optical path and mounting structure of the telescope. A temporally fourth-order accurate Runge–Kutta, and a spatially fifth-order accurate WENO-5Z scheme were used to perform implicit large eddy simulations. An immersed boundary method provides automated gridding for complex geometries and natural coupling to a block-structured Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement framework. Strong scaling studies using NASA's Pleiades supercomputer with up to 32 k CPU cores and 4 billion computational cells show excellent scaling. Dynamic load balancing based on execution time on individual adaptive mesh refinement AMR blocks addresses irregular numerical cost associated with blocks containing boundaries. Limits to scaling beyond 32 k cores are identified, and targeted code optimisations are discussed.
Mitigation of Design Fixation in Engineering Idea Generation: A Study on the Role of Defixation Instructions

Design fixation is considered to be a major factor influencing engineering idea generation. When fixated, designers unknowingly replicate the features from their own initial ideas or presented examples. The study reported in this paper investigates the effects of warnings about the undesirable features on design fixation. The authors hypothesize that if designers are given warnings about the undesirable example features along with the reasons for those warnings, fixation to those features can be mitigated. In order to investigate this hypothesis, a controlled experiment is conducted with novice designers. The participants are randomly assigned to one of the three experiment groups: a Control, Fixation or Defixation. Participants in all the groups generate ideas for the same design problem. It is observed that even when the warnings are present, designers replicate the flawed features in their ideas. Further, this paper compares said result with the findings in the existing literature.
Preoperative Feeding Neonates With Cardiac Disease.

Background:The potential for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates requiring cardiac surgery has contributed largely to wide feeding practice variations and a hesitation to initiate enteral f...
Designing a Performance Feedback System in a Multi-Task Environment: Relative Performance Information Detail Level and Temporal Aggregation in a Multi-Task Environment

When using relative performance information (RPI) in a multi-period setting, firms have discretion in selecting RPI’s detail level and temporal aggregation. With respect to the detail level, firms can only reveal the ranking of each employee (rank-score RPI) or provide the actual scores of each employee (actual-score RPI). Regarding temporal aggregation, firms can provide RPI which is re-set each period (re-set RPI) or provide RPI that captures cumulative performance across all periods completed thus far (cumulative RPI). Using an experiment, we investigate how RPI detail level and temporal aggregation affect employee effort allocation and performance in a multi-task environment. Consistent with the behavioral theories underlying our predictions, we find that compared to re-set RPI, cumulative RPI leads to greater distortion of effort allocations across tasks away from firm-preferred allocations. We also find that to the extent that cumulative RPI increases effort distortion, the effect is greater when RPI provides actual score rather than rank score. Finally, we find that when effort distortion is highest (i.e., when cumulative RPI is combined with actual-score RPI), overall performance is lowest, thereby demonstrating the potentially detrimental effect of effort distortion on performance. Results of our study contribute to both theory and practice by enhancing our understanding of the effect of RPI in a multi-task environment, and particularly, how two of its characteristics, detail level and temporal aggregation, can affect effort allocation and performance in a multi-task environment.
Integrated asymmetric whispering gallery mode resonator microcavity optomechanics

Ultra high quality optical resonators have enabled accumulation of exceptionally high intensities of light from low input powers. This feature opens new horizons in low power observation of physical phenomena such as lasing, sensing and radiation pressure driven oscillations. Radiation pressure instability facilitates transfer of energy from photons to mechanical degree of freedom in optical resonators. In high quality toroidal micro cavities, radiation pressure is demonstrated in the form of "dynamic back action" and results mechanical oscillations with sub-Hz linewidth. Since the toroidal cavities are symmetrical in nature, the exerted radiation pressure can mainly excite radially symmetric modes such as the first cantilever mode and the radially breathing mode. Study of these modes reveals important information about interaction of light and mechanical mode as well as intrinsic properties of the resonator as a mechanical oscillator. However, there are some unexcited mechanical modes that in some cases have even higher mechanical quality factors compared to the usually excited ones. Most of the properties of these mechanical modes remain unknown because the radially symmetric force does not provide a component to excite them. In this research, we have developed a novel method to fabricate asymmetric toroidal resonators (minor and major diameters), which enables us to regeneratively excite unobserved asymmetric modes. One key feature is that the optical quality factor is relatively high despite the asymmetry. As a result, we are able to excite the asymmetric modes with sub-mW threshold powers. Complementary modeling is also performed, confirming the experimental findings.
Vaccination of active component US military personnel against Salmonella Typhi.

Abstract Introduction Vaccination against Salmonella Typhi is one of the leading public health interventions reducing the risk of typhoid fever. There are two available licensed vaccines, Vivotif, oral live-attenuated, and Typhim Vi, intramuscular Vi capsular polysaccharide. The US military is a high risk travel population commonly vaccinated for S. Typhi. We describe the use of S. Typhi vaccination in this population and the acute reactogenicity profile of these vaccines. Methods Data were obtained from the Defense Medical Surveillance System and vaccination identified between 1998 and 2011 from vaccination codes. Clinical outcomes were assessed for four weeks post vaccination. Adverse event rates and odds ratios were estimated across the two vaccine types. Results A total of 1.9 million predominately male military personnel received 3.6 million S. Typhi vaccinations with 94.3% of vaccinees receiving the Vi capsule vaccine though variability in the vaccine administered was observed. Receipt of other vaccinations in the 6 months surrounding the S. Typhi vaccine was common. Rates of nausea (195 per 100,000 vaccinations), headache (13 per 100,000 vaccinations) and fever (40 per 100,000 vaccinations) were significantly higher following Vi capsule vaccination compared to receipt of Vivotif (130, 2, 10 per 100,000 vaccinations, respectively). In contrast the rates of rash and non-infectious diarrhea (186 and 426 per 100,000 vaccinations, respectively) were increased in those receiving Vivotif compared to the Vi capsule vaccine. Discussion The US military is a major consumer of S. Typhi vaccines. The parenterally administered vaccine appears to be more amenable, though we were limited in our ability to assess the reasons for its higher usage. While we observed a higher rate of several adverse events in subjects receiving the intramuscular vaccination, the overall rate of these events was low. Future studies assessing more long-term health outcomes are warranted.
Predicting others’ memory performance: The accuracy and bases of social metacognition

Abstract Successful teaching, effective advertising, and happy interpersonal relationships depend upon accurately anticipating what others will remember. Across three experiments, we tested how precisely subjects judged the mnemonic effectiveness of cues for supporting other subjects’ episodic memories. Some subjects generated cue-target word pairs and made judgments of learning (JOLs) for these word pairs while other subjects studied the pairs and made JOLs. Across all three experiments, subjects’ JOLs for others were more accurate than chance, but less accurate than subjects’ JOLs for themselves. Further, JOLs for others were similarly accurate across cues that subjects generated for others and cues that subjects read but did not themselves generate. Idiosyncratic cue generation processes impacted subjects’ JOLs for others; however, this bias was not the primary reason for the inaccuracy of JOLs for others. Rather, our results suggest that the accuracy of judgments about others’ memories suffers because people do not have access to the personal idiosyncrasies of others’ encoding and processing.
Who stays, who goes, who knows? A state-wide survey of child welfare workers

Abstract Child welfare workforce turnover remains a significant problem with dire consequences. Designed to assist in its retention efforts, an agency supported state-wide survey was employed to capture worker feedback and insight into turnover. This article examines the quantitative feedback from a Southern state's frontline child welfare workforce (N = 511), examining worker intent to leave as those who intend to stay employed at the agency (Stayers), those who are undecided (Undecided), and those who intend to leave (Leavers). A series of One-Way ANOVAs revealed a stratified pattern of worker dissatisfaction, with stayers reporting highest satisfaction levels, followed by undecided workers, and then leavers in all areas (e.g., salary, workload, recognition, professional development, accomplishment, peer support, and supervision). A Multinomial Logistic Regression model revealed significant (and shared) predictors among leavers and undecided workers in comparison to stayers with respect to dissatisfaction with workload and professional development, and working in an urban area. Additionally, child welfare workers who intend to leave the agency in the next 12 months expressed significant dissatisfaction with supervision and accomplishment, and tended to be younger and professionals of color.
Complexity Mitigation By Active Control Applied to Linear Dynamic Systems

Abstract The Complexity Mitigation by Active Control methodology is described and its stability demonstrated in this paper. The concept behind this methodology involves the treatment of model complexities as disturbances, the time-domain behavior of which can be captured in a dynamic model that is used to develop control commands that cancel or minimize the effects of the time variations of linear dynamic system complexities. The method is illustrated on two linear dynamic systems with simulation results presented.
Development of Pulmonary Hypertension During Treatment with Diazoxide: A Case Series and Literature Review

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy. The mainstay of medical management for CHI is diazoxide. Diazoxide inhibits insulin release from the pancreas, but also causes smooth muscle relaxation and fluid retention so it is typically given with chlorothiazide. In July 2015, the FDA issued a drug safety communication warning that pulmonary hypertension (PH) had been reported in 11 infants being treated with diazoxide and that the PH resolved with withdrawal of diazoxide. All three of the cases in our hospital were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for hypoglycemia. All patients received thorough radiologic and laboratory evaluations related to their diagnosis of CHI. All initially improved when diazoxide was initiated. Case 1 and case 3 were discharged from the NICU on diazoxide and chlorothiazide. Case 2 developed pulmonary hypertension while still in the NICU days after an increase in diazoxide dosing. Case 1 presented to the emergency room in respiratory distress shortly after discharge from the NICU with evidence of PH and heart failure. Case 3 presented to the emergency room after 2 weeks at home due to a home blood glucose reading that was low and developed PH and heart failure while an inpatient. Discontinuation of diazoxide led to resolution of all three patients' PH within approximately one week. The experience of our hospital indicates that pulmonary hypertension may be more common than previously thought in infants taking diazoxide. It is unclear if these symptoms develop slowly over time or if there is some other, as yet undescribed, trigger for the pulmonary hypertension. Our hospital's experience adds to the body of evidence and suggests these infants may benefit from more surveillance with echocardiography.
Theory of the overhauser effect in ferro- and antiferromagnets

Abstract The theory of the Overhauser effect as formulated from general statistical-mechanical arguments indicates that a forced statistical redistribution may be made to occur in any subsystem A whose principal contact with a heat bath C is indirectly routed through some other statistically distributed system B. For nuclei (system A) in ferro- and antiferromagnets the k == 0 magnons (and magnons degenerate in energy with these) form the system B, while the remainder of the magnon spectrum is in effect combined with the lattice into system C. Probably the nuclei are sufficiently isolated from direct contact with C; if not, they may forceably be so isolated by intense resonance excitation of a large number of k = 0 magnons at a low temperature. Under conditions of power saturation but below the onset of nonlinear instabilities (perhaps also above, but not considered) an Overhauser-type enhancement of nuclear polarization is shown to occur. This may take place via two- and three-magnon processes. In antiferromagnets the former processes are shown to lead to an antiferromagnetically polarized nuclear array, the latter to ferromagnetic nuclear arrays which, depending upon which antiferromagnetic resonance mode is excited, will be polarized either up or down.
Performance Feedback of Microfinance Institutions: The Moderating Effects of Institutional Factors

Few studies in the literature of performance feedback have paid attention to risk taking of social ventures. Also, prior research has assumed that institutional factors do not affect the process of...
Islamic emoticons and religious authority: emerging practices, shifting paradigms

This article considers the use of emoticons on transnational, English-language Islamic website forums as a case study to examine the shifts in Sunni religious authority, which have accelerated and deepened in the era of computation and new media. It shows the ways in which ordinary Muslims on conservative web forums invoke, deploy, and respond to different kinds of authority, from jurists to site administrators. It focuses first on particular websites’ endorsement of certain emoticons as Islamic (a smiley face with a hijab, e.g.), and then turns to forum users’ debates about emoticon usage. These debates range from questioning the acceptability of figural emoticons to the appropriateness of ‘secular’ emoticons on self-identified Islamic websites. It finds that while users often cite or request fatawa on emoticon usage when disputing with others, they are equally likely to post what they consider relevant hadith, appeal to common sense, or appeal to site administrators. This ground-up approach to engaging with the issue of emoticons gives nuance to what some scholars have termed the “crisis of authority” in Sunni Islam, and suggests that ordinary Muslims find authority in a diverse, sometimes contentious spectrum of locations. Far from being irrelevant to scholarship on contemporary Islam, emoticons are an important locus for understanding how pious Muslims have negotiated interactions in online spaces.
Bringing the Global Home: Students Research Local Areas through Postcolonial Perspectives.

This article describes a class that draws on postcolonial insights to create a global sociological imagination. Postcolonial approaches can make visible how global connections have shaped our local environments even if these relations are not always immediately visible. Specifically, students in this class highlight how global relations, such as the slave trade, settler colonialism, racial formations, or migrations, constitute the local. If we start to reconnect global ties, how do we interpret local inequalities differently? Whose voices do we fail to listen to, and why are these global linkages and histories silenced or forgotten? The article describes the development of the curriculum and local student research projects as the main class assignment. It then discusses how students grapple to understand how global ties are and always have been crucial to our everyday lives and think critically about giving voice to perspectives that have conventionally been marginalized.
Integración de literatura y lengua: la enseñanza de cursos básicos de español y la recuperación académica de periódicos hispano-estadounidenses

Este articulo examina las posibilidades y los retos de ensenar literatura en la clase de lengua espanola. Considerando la necesidad de diversificar contenido, este ensayo integra objetivos linguisticos y humanisticos al describir el pasado con textos literarios recuperados de periodicos estadounidenses.
“A world eternally under construction”: Věra Chytilová and late-socialist Prague

ABSTRACTThis essay examines two of Věra Chytilova’s ‘normalization’-era nonfiction and fiction films: the 1979 feature Panelstory, or The Birth of a Settlement (Panelstory, aneb Jak se rodi sidlistě, 1979) and the short experimental documentary Time is Inexorable (Cas je neuprosný), produced a year earlier. Each of these films plays out in the half-finished buildings and construction sites of late-1970s Prague, a city whose periphery was marked by large-scale prefabricated housing developments (‘a world’, in Bohumil Hrabal’s words, ‘eternally under construction’). The essay reads both films closely, analyzing their aesthetic, narrative, and conceptual links to other cinematic and literary engagements with late-socialist Prague and its architecture: Daniela Hodrova’s theoretical essays and trilogy of novels City of Torment (Trýznive město), Hrabal’s Too Loud a Solitude (Přilis hlucna samota, 1977), and Vaclav Taborský’s documentary City of Mud (Zablacene město, 1963). The essay argues that, taken together,...
Management of recurrent venous thromboembolism.

Despite gains in our abilities to identify patients at high risk of venous thromboembolism and provide them with rather safe and effective forms of primary prophylaxis (1–5), venous thromboembolism (V T-E) continues to occur at a substantial rate. Part of the problem is a failure to recognize the high risk patient; part, limited application of the available prophylactic options. Clearly, educative and logistic initiatives are still needed in many health care facilities, the key ingredient being a physician catalyst who can carry forward a primary prophylaxis program.
A "#MeToo Movement" for Children: Increasing Awareness of Sexual Violence Against Children.

Social movements, such as the “#MeToo movement,” have the potential to foster awareness and inspire policy and advocacy efforts regarding issues that impact physical, mental, and emotional health. News stories surrounding the #MeToo movement have most noticeably been focused on sexual violence against women in entertainment, media, and politics. Nonetheless, the #MeToo movement has led to an increased recognition of and empathy for victims of sexual violence across society.1 The movement started in 2006 when Tarana Burke, a civil rights activist, coined the phrase “#MeToo” as a means of creating solidarity among victims of sexual violence.1 As accusations accumulate throughout Hollywood; Washington, DC; and the world, Burke’s circle of solidarity has been widened substantially. The movement has gained such significance that those at TIME magazine chose the “Silence Breakers” as the 2017 Persons of the Year.1 In the magazine, Burke and those (particularly celebrities) who have courageously disclosed their traumatic experiences and demonstrated support for and solidarity with other victims were highlighted.1 The #MeToo movement has become widespread and potentially transformational; however, there is potential for further progress. As health care providers for children, we hope the movement can be expanded and used to focus attention toward the sexual violence that children, both girls and boys, experience. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, … Address correspondence to Jean L. Raphael, MD, MPH, Texas Children’s Hospital, Clinical Care Center, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1540, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: raphael{at}bcm.edu
The wisdom of the road: Research and pedagogy on India-China and the Silk Roads Ethos (SRE)

The Silk Roads Ethos (SRE; Ling, 2014) animates the idea that India and China must draw from the legacy of historical exchanges for future cooperation. Mainstream scholarship on the subject employs...
Investigations on the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurosecretory system of the grass frog (Rana pipiens) after transection of the proximal neurohypophysis. II. Light- and electron microscopic findings in the disconnected distal neurohypophysis with special emphasis on the pituicytes.

With the onset of degeneration of the neurosecretory nerve fibers following transection of the proximal neurohypophysis, the pituicytes phagocytize these nerve fibers. Concomitant with a considerable increase in the size of the pituicytes, which reaches a peak between 8 and 10 days after the transection, the following sequence of events can be observed: reduction of the amount of intergranular axoplasm, increase in the size of some granules, partial or total loss of the electron density of the neurosecretory granules, loss of granule membranes, fusion of some granules, polymorphous axonal content in digestion vacuoles, formation of multilamellate bodies, digestion vacuoles with moderately electron dense peripheral material, empty digestion vacuoles. At about 12 days after the transection many vacuoles appear which subsequently disappear as the pituicytes shrink. Free neurosecretory granules resulting from the disappearance of the axolemma remain intact in the intercellular and perivascular connective tissue spaces and are eventually phagocytized by pituicytes and pericytes. Phagocytosis is considered to be a basic function of pituicytes. The problems related to this function as well as the possible implications for the interpretation of Herring bodies are discussed.
Doing a Pecha Kucha Presentation Online

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION: Pecha Kucha style presentation formats (recorded presentations with strict limits on slide content and time) force students to effectively plan and prepare a presentation abput data or other complicated material in a creative way by forcing them to stay within strict time visual and time limits. These student presentations can be used easily for online classes, as well as hybrid, or face-to-face classes, since the PowerPoint can be exported to a video file and submitted electronically. These can also be used to streamline peer review of student presentations. Participants will be able to explain what a Pecha Kucha presentation is and describe several ways they could use it in their courses. _____________________________________________________________ FULL ABSTRACT: In my hybrid courses, students have to create a Pecha Kucha presentation. This presentation consists of 6 slides for 30 seconds each (or 9 slides for 20 seconds each), for a total presentation of 3 minutes, give or take 15 seconds. There's very little needed to make this work. The students will use PowerPoint or another presentation software, emphasizing visuals rather than text, and embed their audio or video presentation directly into the slide. The students are graded on how well the video and audio work together, on data presented in visual form, on technical aspects, and on a bibliography. This style of presentation format forces students to prepare to stay within the strict time limits and is appropriate for a hybrid or online class since the PowerPoint can be exported to a video file and submitted electronically. These can also be used to streamline peer review of student presentations.
Family firms and the stock market performance of acquisitions and divestitures

Research Summary This paper explores the stock market performance of acquisitions and divestitures where both, one, or neither of the companies in the transaction are family firms. We find that acquirer shareholder returns are highest when family firms buy businesses from non‐family firm divesters, especially when family chief executive officer (CEO) acquirers buy businesses from non‐family CEO divesters. Additionally, divester shareholder returns are highest when family firms sell businesses to non‐family firm acquirers, especially when family CEO divesters sell businesses to non‐family CEO acquirers. These findings reveal that it is important to consider the characteristics of both the acquiring and divesting firms when analyzing acquisition and divestiture performance, and that the expected gains to family firm acquisitions and divestitures are driven by transactions in which the counterparties are non‐family firms. Managerial Summary This paper explores how investors react to acquisitions and divestitures where both, one, or neither of the companies in the deal are family firms. The stock market performance of acquiring firms is highest when family firms buy businesses from non‐family firms, relative to the other three possible combinations of family and non‐family firm acquirers and divesters. Likewise, the stock market performance of divesting firms is highest when family firms sell businesses to non‐family firms, again relative to the other three possible combinations of family and non‐family acquirers and divesters. These findings suggest that investors take into consideration the identities of both the acquiring and divesting firms when evaluating acquisitions and divestitures, and that this has significant implications for the expected performance gains of these transactions.
Implementation of Embedded Soft Sensor for Bioreactor on Zynq Processing System

At Present, developing a complex algorithm using an embedded system, particularly in a hybrid computing system, has obtained vital importance in many fields. This paper presents the design and developing a soft sensor for a bioreactor using Zynq processing system (PS). In this work the Extended Kalman filtering (EKF) technology is used for the design of a nonlinear model which is used to estimate the state of lactose concentration of a simulated bioreactor. In this work a base design for the Zynq Processing System is created in VIVADO and the Zybo board is used as hardware platform. Then the non-linear designs are developed in C as software application which is made to run on Zync Processing System. A comparative study is made on computation time and consumption of resource between the PC based realization and Zynq Processing system realization. The hardware implementation of the soft sensor for measuring lactose concentration of a Bioreactor using Zynq PS is faster than PC based realization with a speed up of 1.1 times when compared to that of PC based realization. The above parameters are achieved by using an average of 8% of all resources.
Determination of temperature-dependent Young's modulus of bulk metallic glass

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are fully amorphous multi-component alloys with homogeneous and isotropic structure down to the atomic scale. Some attractive attributes of BMGs include high strength and hardness as well as excellent corrosion and wear resistance. The research goal of this paper is to determine the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. To accomplish this goal, we have used two methods in this paper to determine the Young's modulus of a BMGs, Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 at elevated temperatures: sonic resonance method and nanoindentation. In the sonic resonance method, the system was designed using a laser displacement sensor to detect the sonic vibration produced by a speaker on the specimen in high-temperature furnace. The Young'ss modulus was found to reduce from 100 GPa (350°C) to 94 GPa (50°C). In the nanoindentation method, modulus was determined from the unloading curve and found to be in the same range as measurements from sonic resonance technique.
A Measurement of Gravitational Acceleration Using a Metal Ball, a Ruler, and a Smartphone.

These days, smartphones are popular commodities among students in high school and college. Students carry their devices all the time, so why not use such a popular electronic device to measure physical quantities such as g in physics labs? In this work, we report a “multiple tasking” method, a measurement technique that we came up with, for this very purpose. The method is simple: A person holds a ball using one hand and prepares to activate a recording function using another hand. Then the person drops the metal ball and starts the voice memo simultaneously. The time the ball takes to reach the floor is measured by reviewing the sound amplitude recorded, and the magnitude of g is calculated from the time. The error due to the auditory reaction time alone could be about 0.15 s, but we could measure the time in a 0.02-s range at 95% confidence level. A “using sound” technique to measure g was introduced before, but given that triggers such as a latch or something equivalent could introduce larger errors due to the device resolutions, we came up with our own.
Africana Studies Catalytic Consciousness (ASCC) Theory: A Cosmic Understanding of the Impact of Africana Studies:

Colonization, enslavement, and institutionalized oppression have disrupted the relationship between the educational experiences of Black students and the fate of African/Black communities. Research...
Inequities During COVID-19.

* Abbreviation: COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease 2019 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a time of unprecedented isolation, despair, and harm. Although COVID-19 does not intrinsically discriminate on the basis of race, sex, or socioeconomic class, the effects of the pandemic seem to be more deleterious for minorities. According to some preliminary research, the pediatric population has been relatively spared the severe consequences of COVID-19.1 However, underneath the COVID-19 infections, there is a hidden pandemic that affects minority children in direct and indirect ways with potential long-term consequences. At the end of April 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began to systematically collect ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic data at the national level. Although the compiled results are still pending, statewide data have revealed significant inequities in the rates of confirmed cases and mortality. For example, in Massachusetts, an estimated 35% to 40% of Massachusetts General Hospital’s patients with COVID-19 are Hispanic, in comparison with 9% of the patient population before the outbreak.2 Furthermore, the shortage of interpreters also posed additional challenges for communications of treatments and care to minority patients and families with limited English proficiency. Because the rates of COVID-19 among people of color seem to be higher, minority children are presumably even more likely to be exposed to infection from their parents and guardians. In addition, minority children are more likely to have underlying conditions that may exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 infections; for example, minority children are more likely to have major chronic diseases, such as, asthma and … Address correspondence to Adrian Jacques H. Ambrose, MD, MPH, FAPA, Office for Diversity and Community, Harvard University, 164 Longwood Ave, Second Floor, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: adrianjacques_ambrose{at}hms.harvard.edu