cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2-Bromo-N-tert-butyl-N,1-dimethyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide

The crystal structure of the title compound, C15H19BrN2O, reveals that the amide group is twisted out of π-conjugation with the pyrrole double bond due to steric hindrance by the Br atom.
A model integrating mental health and primary care services for families with HIV

Abstract The need to integrate mental health and primary care service delivery for individuals and families living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been well documented. Accessibility, flexibility, and cultural specificity are qualities necessary, but generally lacking, in existing models of integrated care. In this paper, NOAH (No One Alone with HIV), an innovative, hospital-based program of family-focused HIV mental health services, will be described. NOAH is designed to meet the needs of primary care providers, allied professionals/paraprofessionals, and the diversity of inner-city patients they serve. Central to the model are population-specific “family health facilitators,” who collaborate with providers by offering mental health interventions at one or more levels along a continuum of service intensity. Whenever possible, primary care team members are empowered to manage mental health problems directly. When more intensive services are required, responsibility for direct intervention transfers to the family health facilitator. With the locus of inner-city HIV primary care shifting from hospitals to neighborhood health centers, this hospital-based program has been extended into the community to support the early integration of mental health and primary care services at the community level.
Homogenization and equivalent in-plane properties of two-dimensional periodic lattices

Abstract The equivalent in-plane properties for hexagonal and re-entrant (auxetic) lattices are investigated through the analysis of partial differential equations associated with their homogenized continuum models. The adopted homogenization technique interprets the discrete lattice equations according to a finite differences formalism, and it is applied in conjunction with the finite element description of the lattice unit cell. It therefore allows handling of structures with different levels of complexity and internal geometry within a general and compact framework, which can be easily implemented. The estimation of the mechanical properties is carried out through a comparison between the derived differential equations and appropriate elasticity models. Equivalent Young’s moduli, Poisson’s ratios and relative density are estimated and compared with analytical formulae available in the literature. In-plane wave propagation characteristics of honeycombs are also investigated to evaluate phase velocity variation in terms of frequency and direction of propagation. Comparisons are performed with the values obtained through the application of Bloch theorem for two-dimensional periodic structures, to show the accuracy of the technique and highlight limitations introduced by the long wavelength approximation associated with the homogenization technique.
A non-autonomous two-phase flow model with oscillating external force and its global attractor

Abstract In this article, we consider a non-autonomous diffuse interface model for an isothermal incompressible two-phase flow in a two-dimensional bounded domain. Assuming that the external force is singularly oscillating and depends on a small parameter ϵ , we prove the existence of the uniform global attractor A ϵ . Furthermore, using the method similar to that of Chepyzhov and Vishik (2007) [22] in the case of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes systems, we study the convergence of A ϵ as ϵ goes to zero. Let us mention that the nonlinearity involved in the model considered in this article is slightly stronger than the one in the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes system studied in Chepyzhov and Vishik (2007) [22] .
MACROSCOPIC PAIR CORRELATION OF THE RIEMANN ZEROES FOR SMOOTH TEST FUNCTIONS

On the assumption of the Riemann hypothesis, we show that over a class of sufficiently smooth test functions, a measure conjectured by Bogomolny and Keating coincides to a very small error with the actual pair correlation measure for zeroes of the Riemann zeta function. Our result extends the well known result of Montgomery that over the same class of test functions the pair correlation measure coincides (to a larger error term) with that of the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE). The restriction of test functions remains stringent, but we are nonetheless able to detect, at a microscopically blurred resolution, macroscopic troughs in the pair correlation measure.
Comparative theoretical studies on exciton dynamics in biological and artificial chromophore complexes

Abstract Dissipative excitation energy transfer in chromophore complexes (CC) is studied theoretically within the Frenkel-exciton model and in utilizing the density matrix theory. The obtained density matrix is used to compute the cw-absorption via a time-dependent formulation of optical spectra. Structural and energetic disorder is accounted for within a numerical Monte Carlo treatment. The approach is used to interpret recent measurements on Langmuir–Blodgett-layers (LB) formed of behenic acid molecules and doped by pheophorbide-a. Additionally, absorption spectra obtained for photosynthetic antenna systems are simulated.
The sea urchin profilin gene is specifically expressed in mesenchyme cells during gastrulation.

Eggs and embryos of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) contain profilin that is partly supplied from maternal sources and partly produced by the gastrula. The maternal profilin protein content is about 13 μM and it persists in the embryo at least through gastrulation. Transcript quantitation from probe excess titrations show that very few profilin gene transcripts are present in the embryo during cleavage, but that they increase at the onset of gastrulation. By in situ hybridization, the newly synthesized profilin transcripts are localized in mesenchyme cells. Profilin gene expression increases when mesenchyme cells initiate migration and filopodial extension and retraction. We show that there are three isoforms of maternal profilin protein produced from the single copy gene during oogenesis. However, the blastula stage embryo only produces the major isoform, whereas the acidic isoform is produced in the early stages of gastrulation and the basic isoform appears by the end of gastrulation. Based on transcript prevalence and protein production rates, our calculations indicate that the amount of new protein produced in the mesenchyme cells in 12 hr is at maximum <2% of that supplied from maternal sources. Because of the large amount of maternally supplied profilin present in the egg and embryo, we suggest that it may be used in the cytokinetic processes of cleavage. Alternatively, because of the small amount of embryonically produced profilin, we suggest that it may function in the cytoskeletal shape changes required for filopodial extension and motility in the mesenchyme cells during gastrulation.
Stimulation region within the globus pallidus does not affect verbal fluency performance.

Abstract Background Subthalamic (STN) and globus pallidus (GP) deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been previously shown to be efficacious in the treatment of selected Parkinson patients with medication resistant motor fluctuations and/or tremor. Deep brain stimulation of the STN has been implicated with more cognitive and mood side effects as compared to GP DBS; however, more studies are needed to better understand possible target differences. Previously, Mikos et al. [1] reported worsening of verbal fluency depending on the stimulation location within the STN region. Objective/hypothesis The current study applied the methods used by Mikos et al. (2011) to a different sample of Parkinson patients who underwent GP DBS. Based on differences in the size and functional somatotopy between structures (GP 412 mm3 vs. STN 167 mm3), we hypothesized that there would be a less robust relationship between volume of tissue activated, fluency performance, and stimulation contact within the GP compared to what was reported in the STN. Methods Patient-specific DBS models were created and the volume of tissue activated within the GP was calculated. These data were correlated with patients' verbal fluency performance at dorsal, optimal, and ventral stimulation contacts. Results In contrast to STN findings, there was no significant relationship between stimulation location and fluency performance in patients who received GP DBS. Conclusion(s) These results suggest that fluency may be less sensitive to stimulation location in the globus pallidus and thus there may be more flexibility in terms of DBS programming with GP DBS patients.
Dynamical effects on the core‐mantle boundary from depth‐dependent thermodynamical properties of the lower mantle

A common assumption in modeling dynamical processes in the lower mantle is that both the thermal expansivity and thermal conductivity are reasonably constant. Recent work from seismic equation of state leads to substantially higher values for the thermal conductivity and much lower thermal expansivity values in the deep mantle. The dynamical consequences of incorporating depth-dependent thermodynamic properties on the thermal-mechanical state of the lower mantle are examined with the spherical-shell mean-field equations. It is found that the thermal structure of the seismically resolved anomalous zone at the base of the mantle is strongly influenced by these variable properties and, in particular, that the convective distortion of the core-mantle boundary (CMB) is reduced with the decreasing thermal expansivity. Such a reduction of the dynamically induced topography from pure thermal convection would suggest that some other dynamical mechanism must be operating at the CMB.
Spline function interpolation in interactive hemodynamic simulation

A computer graphics system is being employed to simulate blood movement in several hemodynamic studies. Of particular interest is the representation of flow velocity profiles in an arterial channel past a lesion. The profiles are represented by smoothed curves as formed by spline function approximations. Resulting graphics displays show the advantages of spline functions in comparison to other approximation methods for fitting smooth curves to data. In turn, the interpolation of surfaces to boundary values by spline functions is studied. Such interpolation, in combination with certain advanced simulation equipment, is shown to be useful for studying the interim phases in the initiation and formation of atherosclerotic lesions.
Stimulus duration and repetition rate influence newborns' head orientation toward sound

Three experiments evaluated the effects of stimulus duration and repetition rate on newborns' head orientation responses. In Experiment 1, 28 infants turned toward a 20-sec continuous rattle sound but not toward 14- and 500-msec rattle sounds. Signal energy as a possible explanation for the infants' difficulty orienting toward brief sounds was explored in Experiment 2. Twenty neonates did not turn toward a single 90 dB, 14-msec rattle sound, although a longer duration (10 sec) sound containing less energy (70 dB) did elicit reliable head orientation. In Experiment 3, 16 neonates heard trains of repeated 14-msec rattle sounds (2/sec, 1.3/sec, and 1/sec) lasting 10 sec as well as a 10-sec continuous rattle sound. They turned toward the most rapidly repeating brief sound and the continuous one, while the slowly repeating sounds elicited little head movement in any direction. These results suggest that newborns' head orientation is selectively deficient for brief sounds, that the difficulty does not result from lessened energy in the brief sounds, and that the efficacy of repeated brief sounds depends upon their repetition rates.
Thromboprophylaxis after multiple trauma: what treatment and for how long?

Abstract A review of current literature discussing thromboprophylaxis in the multiple-trauma patient to provide insight on the type of treatment and its duration of use. AMEDLINE search was conducted in May 2009 using keywords associated with thromboprophylactic measures in multiple-trauma patient care, including inferior vena cava (IVC) filters, mechanical-compression devices and anticoagulants. Abstracts were evaluated for relevance to this study and full-text articles were then examined individually. Fourteen full text articles were evaluated including guidelines published by the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) and other studies dealing with multiple-trauma patients, including those in hip-fracture surgery, lower-leg trauma and head trauma. Limited research has been performed for the multipletrauma patient and recommendations regarding the type of treatment and its duration of use cannot be suggested beyond what has been extrapolated from existing trauma and major surgery patients. IVC filters, mechanical compression devices and anticoagulants therefore remain the standard, but their duration of use in the multiple-trauma patient is not well described. New oral anticoagulants that inhibit factor Xa or thrombin directly show promising qualities but have not been evaluated for multiple-trauma applications. Therefore, optimal thromboprophylaxis and its duration after multiple trauma is largely based on rational, clinical decision making on a case-by-case basis.
Veratrum‐Alkaloide. 7. Mitteilung. Die Konstitution des Ringes F und die absolute Konfiguration des Kohlenstoffatoms 25 des Cevins

Die Konstitution des von L. C. Craig & W. A. Jacobs durch Oxydation des Cevins erhaltenen (−)-5-Methyl-piperidons-(2) wurde durch Synthese seines Enantiomeren aus D-(+)-Citronellal bestatigt und gleichzeitig seine absolute Konfiguration bestimmt. Dadurch konnte die fruher angenommene Konstitution des Ringes F von Cevin bewiesen und die absolute Konfiguration des Kohlenstoffatoms 25 festgelegt werden.
Unisys: MUC-3 test results and analysis

The Unisys MUC-3 system is based on a three-tiered approach to text processing in which a novel and quite powerful knowledge-based form of information retrieval plays a central role. The main components of this approach are as follows:A Keyword-Based Information Retrieval Component.This component predicts the occurrence of types of events in texts based on the presence of key words and phrases.
Impact of internal and external environmental stability on the existence of determinant buying rules

Abstract The environment of the buying center is conceptualized as having two components. One is external to the buying center but internal organization. The other is external to both the buying center and the organization. The stability of these environments explains a significant amount of variation in the existence of organizational rules that determine the outcomes of organizational buying decisions. A comparison of global and attribute- specific measures of environmental stability indicates the environmental attributes that underlie respondents' global judgements about stability.
Comparison of bacterial growth in an improperly but commonly used medium versus reduced thioglycolate with the use of an anaerobic sampling technique.

Abstract With the use of a relatively simple anaerobic sampling technique, the contents of seventeen necrotic pulp canals were placed in two tubes containing endodontic culturing media. Growth in reduced thioglycolate was significantly greater than growth in unreduced trypticase-soy broth by a ratio of over 2:1.
Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Using Tetrazolium Reduction

Abstract A rapid method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing has been developed, which uses a modified microdilution procedure and an inoculum of 107 bacteria per ml. Results are determined within 4 h with an indicator consisting of 2(p-iodophenyl)-3(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride. The precipitation of a red formazan by bacteria uninhibited by antimicrobials is accelerated by the addition of phenazine methosulfate. Isolates are classified as resistant, indeterminate, or susceptible, based on growth in up to two antimicrobial concentrations which conform closely to concentrations which correlate with the millimeter breakpoints used in the Bauer-Kirby method. Results of testing 10 antimicrobial agents against 1,126 isolates were compared with results obtained when the Bauer-Kirby method and the agar dilution procedure were used as reference methods. Enterococci were excluded because of false resistance. Discrepancies were classified as very major (false susceptibility), major (false resistance), and minor (combinations of susceptibility or resistance with indeterminate results). The rapid method versus the agar dilution method yielded 2.3% very major, 0.7% major, and 2.9% minor discrepancies, for a total of 6.0%. Of 58 organism-antimicrobial agent combinations tested, 23 displayed 1% very major discrepancies between the rapid method and the agar dilution method. Six were not therapeutically important. The remainder involved Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter sp., and most organisms tested with chloramphenicol. It is suggested that adjustments in antibiotic concentrations and/or inoculum size may eliminate these discrepancies. The rapid method appeared economical when compared with Autobac 1 and the Bauer-Kirby procedure.
Evolution of Primate Vocal-Auditory Communication Systems1

One way of tracing the evolution of language is to (1) reduce language to its structural components or design-features, (2) discover to what extent these design-features are present in the communication of nonhuman primates, and (3) attempt to establish the brain structures that mediate linguistic behavior in man and the extent to which such structures can mediate similar behavior in nonhuman primates. It is also important to delineate those anatomical mechanisms that are prerequisites for language from those that are later adaptations. Human peculiarities of the auditory system, vocal tract, and motor system are better explained as the result of feedback from an evolving linguistic code than as necessary prerequisites for language. The abilities to engage in sequential behavior and to form nonlimbic, cross-modal associations are more likely to be linguistic preadaptations. The faculty of immediate memory also influences communication systems by setting constraints on sequential codes. The structure of the communicative code and the behavioral capacities of the mediating organism together determine the semantic characteristics of the code. Sign systems, when classified by their semantic properties, can be closed, semiopen, open, nominal open, subject-predicate open, and relational open. Given human limitations, a complex sequential code is necessary if the information load is to be increased.
Chemical models of peptide formation in translation

Ribosomal incorporations of N-alkyl amino acids including proline are slower than incorporations of non-N-alkyl l-amino acids. The chemical reactivity hypothesis proposes that these results and the exclusion of nonproline N-alkyl amino acids from the genetic code are explained by intrinsic chemical reactivities of the amino acid nucleophiles. However, there is little data on the reactivities relevant to physiological conditions. Here, we use nonenzymatic, aqueous-based, buffered reactions with formylmethionine-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester to model 11 amino acid nucleophiles in dipeptide formation. The relative rates in the nonenzymatic and translation systems correlate well, supporting the chemical reactivity hypothesis and arguing that peptide bond formation, not accommodation, is rate limiting for natural Pro-tRNA(Pro) isoacceptors. The effects of N-substitution sterics, side chain sterics, induction, and pK(a) were evaluated in the chemical model. The dominant factor affecting relative rates was found to be N-substitution sterics.
Assimilation of drifter and satellite data in a model of the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Drifter and satellite data are assimilated into a circulation model that hindcasts near-surface currents in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Experiments without assimilation, and using assimilation of drifter, satellite sea-surface height (SSH) and sea-surface temperature (SST) data, in various combinations, were conducted. Currents derived from these experiments were used to compute drifter trajectories that were compared against observations. Surface geostropic current fields, calculated from satellite SSH, were also used to generate drifter paths. Assimilation that used a combination of drifter and satellite data reproduced the drifter trajectories with position errors ≈30–80 km over a 10-day period. Comparisons of the modeled currents with moored observations on the West Florida shelf show improvement when data assimilation is used, because of better simulation of deepwater processes (primarily the loop current).
Pharmacological response of systemically derived focal epileptic lesions.

Summary: Focal epileptic lesions were made in rats by systemic focal epileptogenesis. In this method, a focal lesion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is produced by focal a irradiation followed by repeated systemic injection of a convulsant drug that cannot cross the normal BBB, resulting in a chronic epileptic focus. Changes in the spike frequency of these foci in response to various drugs was recorded. The controls, saline and chlorpromazine, produced no change. Phenytoin, phenobarbital, chlordiaz-epoxide, and valproic acid produced the expected decrease in spike frequency. Pentobarbital and diazapam produced a paradoxical increase in spike frequency. RESUME Des lesions epileptiques focales ont ete provoquees chez des rats par la methode d'Epileptogenese Focale Systemique. Celleci consiste a creer une lesion de la barriere hemato-encephalique (BHE) par irradiation alpha focale, et a injecter ensuite par voie systemique, de facon repetee, une rogue convulsivante qui ne traverse pas la BHE normale; on obtient ainsi un foyer epileptique chronique. Les modifications de la frequence des decharges de pointes au niveau de ces foyers ont eteetudiees apres administration de diverses medications. Les medications de controle, serum sale et chlorpromazine, n'ont pas entraine de modifications. La phenytoine, le phenobarbital, le chlordi-azepoxide et l'acide valproique ont entraine, comme l'on s'y attendait, une diminution de la frequence des decharges. Le pen-tobarbital et le diazepam ont entraine une augmentation paradoxale de la frequence des pointes. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Fokale epileptische Lasionen wurden bei Ratten systemisch erzeugt: Bei dieser Methode wird eine fokale Lasion der Blu-thirnschranke (BBB) durch eine fokale Alpha-Bestrahlung erzeugt, gefolgt durch eine wiederholte systemische Injektion eines Konvulsivums, das die normale BBB nicht durchdringen kann. Als Ergebnis entsteht ein chronischer epileptischer Fokus. Veranderungen in der spike-Frequenz dieser Foci als Antwort auf unterschiedliche Pharmaka wurden untersucht. Die als Kon-trolle benutzte Salz- und Chlorpromazin-Gabe fehrte zu keiner Anderung. Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Chlordiazepoxyd und Val-proat produzierten die erwartete Abnahme der spike-Frequenz. Pentobarbital und Diazepam fuhrten paradoxerweise zu einer Zunahme der spike-Frequenz.
Crises and confidence: Systemic banking crises and depositor behavior

Abstract We show that individuals who have experienced a systemic banking crisis are 11 percentage points less likely to use banks in the U.S. than otherwise similar individuals who emigrated from the same country but did not live through a crisis. This finding is robust to controlling for exposure to other macroeconomic events and to various methods for addressing potential bias due to migrant self-selection. Consistent with the view that personal experience plays an important role in decision-making, the effects are larger for individuals who were older and more likely to have had wealth entrusted to the banking system at the time of the crisis and for people who experienced crises in countries without deposit insurance.
E‐commerce Auction Agents and Online‐auction Dynamics

Online‐auctions are one of the most successful types of electronic markets. They bring together buyers and sellers on a massive scale. However, using an electronic medium for conducting auctions has fundamental differences from traditional English‐style auctions. One difference is the availability of software agents that can facilitate many aspects of online‐auction participation. The addition of software agents into online‐auctions is already having an impact on the dynamics of online‐auctions. This study examines existing agent technologies with regard to their effect on online‐auctions. In addition, future directions for research related to online‐auction agents and the possible benefits of these agents are also discussed.
Depressed mothers' interactions with their one-year-old infants

During toy-play interactions, one-year old infants of depressed mothers engaged in less object examination, daughters of depressed mothers showed less positive and more negative affect. Depressed mothers were more intrusive with sons.
UNDER DIAGNOSIS AND SUBOPTIMAL TREATMENT OF FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN A LARGE AMBULATORY POPULATION

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder that causes markedly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels resulting in premature cardiovascular (CV) disease and death. There is limited data on whether providers recognize and appropriately treat FH patients in an ambulatory, real
Time to disease progression to evaluate a novel protein kinase C inhibitor, UCN-01, in renal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by von Hippel-Lindau gene inactivation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overproduction. The mechanism of VEGF overproduction may involve protein kinase C (PKC) delta and zeta isoforms. UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine) is a selective inhibitor of PKC. Given the historically low objective response rate in RCC, time to disease progression (TTP) as an alternative endpoint was employed to evaluate the antitumor activity of UCN-01 in RCC. METHODS Patients with progressive, metastatic RCC received UCN-01 intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. The initial dose was 90 mg/m2 and all subsequent doses were 45 mg/m2 unless modified for toxicity. TTP was the primary endpoint, defined as the period from the first day of treatment until disease progression. Detection of circulating EpCAM-positive renal carcinoma cells was undertaken for predictive or prognostic potential. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were enrolled in this Phase II study. Accrual was halted after failure to reach a predetermined efficacy requirement with 7 patients remaining disease progression free after 4 months (6 cycles). The median TTP for all patients was 2.67 months (range, 0.4–7.6 months). There were no objective responses. Therapy was generally well tolerated. Thirteen patients had < 0.6 EpCAM-positive cells/mL (considered negative) at all time points measured. Two patients had detectable EpCAM-positive cells at a single time point with other measurements being negative. CONCLUSIONS TTP is a novel endpoint for the evaluation of agents in RCC. UCN-01 did not demonstrate significant antitumor activity. No evidence for significant circulating EpCAM-positive cells was found in this study cohort. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
769: Restricted early term elective induction of labor: an economic analysis

of labor: an economic analysis Jessica Page, Jessica Fowler, Allison Allen, Jenna Emerson, Erika Werner, Aaron Caughey Oregon Health & Science University, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Portland, OR, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baltimore, MD OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a “hard-stop” policy restricting elective induction of labor (EIOL) prior to 39 weeks on maternal and neonatal costs and outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A decision-analytic model was built using TreeAge software comparing a no-elective IOL policy (noEIOL) vs. no restriction of elective IOL (yesEIOL). Probabilities of delivery by gestational age (GA) with and without the policy as well as rates of macrosomia, neonatal death, stillbirth and cerebral palsy by GA were derived from the literature. Costs of IOL, brachial plexus injury, cerebral palsy, maternal delivery and neonatal care were obtained from the literature and 2006 California birth data (adjusted by CPI). The primary outcome was cost with secondary outcomes of macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, stillbirth and neonatal death. RESULTS: Implementation of a noEIOL policy prior to 39 weeks resulted in a modest decrease in costs of $198.90 per person ($12,138.56 vs. $12,337.46). This cost savings was primarily attributable to a small reduction in NICU admission. There was an increase in macrosomia observed in the noEIOL group with an associated increase in shoulder dystocia, but no difference in brachial plexus injuries (see table). As the risk of stillbirth was varied, sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the yesEIOL group became preferred when the overall risk of stillbirth was increased 4-fold. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a “hard-stop” on elective early term deliveries is a cost-effective intervention, but requires efforts to ensure that women at greater risk for stillbirth are not restricted from appropriate intervention in the early term period.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Transport from Consolidation of Contaminated Sediments during in Situ Capping

The management of sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is an issue of significant contemporary concern. The application of an in situ cap to isolate and contain the contaminants is a desirable management option that is hindered by a lack of detailed information regarding the fate of the contaminants after cap installation. In this study, we evaluate the fate and transport of PCBs in fine-grained, organic-rich sediments during and after the application of an in situ cap, with the goal of estimating the release of dissolved and colloid-bound contaminants from consolidating sediments under a variety of capping scenarios. Three capping materials were evaluated for their propensity to hinder PCB release; quartz sand, activated carbon, and a proprietary organoclay. Consolidation tests to simulate in situ rapid dewatering were conducted using contaminated sediment dredged from the Grand Calumet River in Gary, Indiana. The results of tests conducted without a cap indicate that rapid transient flow caused by consolidation results in the release of colloid-bound PCBs at concentrations exceeding 10 μg total PCBs per liter of effluent pore fluid, which was far above the calculated dissolved PCB concentration. Tests conducted to simulate release from capped sediments showed all three capping materials reduced the release of particles and associated PCBs by over 80 %. The dissolved organic carbon content also decreased significantly. The organoclay and activated carbon were more effective than sand for both particle and PCB removal. This work demonstrates that reactive caps help to mitigate contaminant release due to sediment consolidation and should be considered as a viable management option for in situ remediation of PCB-contaminated sediments.
Self-awareness and cigarette-smoking behavior

Abstract According to the theory of objective self-awareness ( Duval & Wicklund, 1972 ), the concept of generalized drive is unnecessary, its explanatory function having been replaced by the concepts of self-evaluation and desire to be “correct”. An experiment was designed to compare alternative predictions from the drive and self-awarencess theories. Subjects listened to music in the presence of a mirror and, at another time, not in the presence of a mirror. The effect of self-consciousness on several habitual behaviors related to smoking was assessed. It was known that the subjects believed the number of cigarettes one should smoke “ideally” was significantly less than the number they actually smoked. Hence, the theory of objective self-awarencess predicts decreased smoking in the presence of the mirror, while a drive theory interpretation of self-consciousness predicts the opposite. Results generally supported the drive theory.
Specific duplications fostered by a DNA structure containing adjacent inverted repeat sequences.

Abstract This paper describes the nucleotide sequences of three spontaneous mutations in a suppressor gene of phage T4 tRNASer. They are duplications of the anticodon and variable arms of the tRNASer molecule. One is a 34-nucleotide direct repeat of the wild-type sequence. The remaining two have reciprocal structures, with each containing 35-nucleotide inverted and direct repeats of the wild-type sequence. One of the latter mutations is frequent and was present in multiple isolates. All three duplications are unstable, and several revertants of each were sequenced. Most of the revertants had the wild-type nucleotide sequence; however, one had imprecisely removed the duplicated residues, leaving four new nucleotides compared to the wild-type sequence. These mutations represent significant genetic events with regard to their high rates and their gross structural alterations. As to their origin, the mutations can be described as the end-products of endonuclease cleavage of DNA at regions of potential secondary structure and subsequent DNA synthesis. The secondary structure contains four base-paired stems that emerge from duplex DNA. These stems encode the anticodon and variable arm regions of the tRNASer molecule. The cleavage sites mimic the known substrate of T4 endonuclease VII, an enzyme previously noted for its ability to resolve Holliday-like DNA intermediates.
Wear of thin ferric oxide coatings bonded to Mylar tape

Abstract An investigation has been made of the wear which occurs in depth to thin films of various magnetic oxide-filled polymeric resins bonded to 1.2 mm thick polyester films (Mylar) when the resin surfaces are in sliding contact with an iron-nickel base alloy and a sintered metallic oxide. It is shown that the experimentally determined number of passes required to wear through each resin, correlated well with the theoretical number calculated in terms of the engineering model for wear1. A similar correlation was found between the experimental and the theoretical when the surf aces were lubricated with mono and multilayers of lauric acid which were adsorbed on the surfaces from a dynamic vapor phase. The relationship between the static coefficient of friction and adsorption curves of the film thickness vs. the resin surface temperature is briefly discussed for two samples.
Male infertility and microchips

Silicon, glass, and polymer microchip devices (lab-on-a-chip) have found a diverse range of analytical and preparative applications (1). Prominent applications include protein and nucleic acid electrophoresis (2), PCR (3, 4), and cellular analysis (5). Microchip devices have also demonstrated promise in semen analysis as part of the evaluation of male infertility. The key parameters of semen analysis are semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology (6). These parameters are usually examined in modern clinical laboratories with a microscope coupled to an image-analysis system (computer-assisted sperm analysis); however, there have been various attempts to automate and/or miniaturize the examination of sperm in the context of microfluidic chips. The most basic fluidic devices have lanes in which the sperm can be observed and compared with respect to their ability to swim. These lanes are in essence fabricated microchannel racetracks (7, 8). More-complex devices not only add architectural complexity to the racetracks but also add electrical components that facilitate sperm counting and motility measurements (e.g., the “fertility chip”) (9). In …
CRYSTAL GROWTH AND TRANSPORT RATES OF GeSe AND GeTe IN MICRO-GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT†

Abstract Six vapor transport experiments on the systems GeSe-GeI 4 and GeTe-GeI 4 were performed on Skylab to determine the effects of micro-gravity on crystal growth and transport rates. Based on a direct comparison of crystals and transport data obtained on earth and in space, employing X-ray diffraction, microscopic and etching techniques, the results demonstrate a considerable improvement of the space grown crystals in terms of growth morphology and bulk perfection. The observation of greater mass transport rates than expected in micro-gravity for diffusion-controlled transport could indicate the existence of other transport modes in a reactive solid-gas phase system. The combined results show that the interference of gravity-driven convection with the transport process causes negative effects on crystal growth as observed on earth for otherwise identical conditions. This points to the unique environment of weightlessness for the observation of basic transport phenomena.
External Heating Effects on te Effectiveness-NTU Relationship of a Counterflow Microchannel Heat Exchanger

The effect of external heating on the effectiveness of microchannel heat exchangers is experimentally studied in this paper. Two stream symmetric, indirect-contact counterflow microchannel heat exchangers were fabricated that provided a range of NTU values from 0.35 to 1.44. Results are presented as a plot between two nondimensional terms (effectiveness and NTU), there by generalizing the results for application to any coolant and microchannel heat exchangers. The heat exchangers were tested for balanced flow condition by supplying external heating at rates of 0%, 15% and 25% with respect to the maximum heat transfer rate thermodynamically possible between the two fluid streams. The heat exchanger effectiveness was reduced by 11-16% and 16-27% by the applied 15% and 25% external heating rates, respectively.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Endorphins stimulate normal human peripheral blood lymphocyte natural killer activity

Abstract Opioid peptides are present in peripheral blood, and may bind to human lymphocytes. In order to determine their influence on human lymphocytes we studied the effect of endogenous opioid peptides on human lymphocyte natural killer function. Beta-endorphin and several analogues (i.e., γ-endorphin) are shown to enhance human peripheral blood natural killer function. The enhancement of natural killing by these opioid peptides was dose-dependent and naloxone (an opiate antagonist) reversible. In studying various analogues of β-endorphin, β-lipotropin and γ-endorphin were approximately 3–5 times more effective at enhancing peripheral blood NK function than Leu-enkephalin and -endorphin. In addition, we observed that naloxone reversed human fibroblast interferon mediated enhancements of human blood lymphocyte natural killer function. These observations suggest that circulating endogenous opioid peptides may have a physiologic role in regulating human blood lymphocyte natural killing.
Is there a best model structure? II. Comparing the model structures of different fate models

Abstract Ten fate models of toxic substances have their structure analyzed and compared. The procedure is based on the assumption that models can be compared using a vectorial approach. The structural properties used are the number of compartments and a number of complexity indices which indicate the recycling capability within each model. Results are displayed graphically using Hasse diagrams. Several fate models of the same system are compared with each other and their relative merits explored. No best model exists, but depending on the system of interest, the choice can be reduced to a few models. The inclusion of a food chain is not as an important model characteristic as some literature contends. If the model structure is sufficiently complex, models with food chains do not have any advantages over fish models with direct partitioning from water. The only possible advantage may be more realism. The food chain model, however, must be supported by a complete data set, usually difficult to obtain.
Harmonic imaging in fetal echocardiography.

Noncontrast harmonic imaging (HI) has been shown to improve image quality in adults with poor acoustic windows. The utility of fetal echocardiography may be limited by suboptimal acoustic windows, and the use of HI in fetal echocardiography has not previously been defined. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of fundamental imaging (FI) and HI in fetal echocardiography. Sixty-two fetal echocardiograms, including 44 (71%) with limited acoustic windows, were performed with the use of FI and HI. Image quality and visualization of the ventricles, valves, and the aortic and ductal arches were evaluated and compared between FI and HI. Mean HI scores were higher than mean FI scores for all the structures evaluated. Compared with Fl, HI improved the image quality and visualization of cardiac structures in this group of fetuses with predominantly suboptimal acoustic windows. Harmonic imaging is a useful adjunct to FI in echocardiography, and the benefits of HI extend to cardiac imaging in the fetus.
Molecule- and polymer-based magnets, a new frontier

Abstract Molecule- and polymer-based magnets prepared by relatively low temperature organic synthetic methodologies are of increasing interest in materials research. The three distinct models enabling the design of new molecule- and polymer-based magnetic materials are given. Bulk ferromagnetic behavior with hysteresis was first observed below the critical (Curie) temperature, T c , of 4.8 K for [Fe III (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 ] + [TCNE] − (Me = methyl; TCNE = tetracyanoethylene). Since then, many new classes of molecule- and polymer-based magnets have been discovered, including those with T c above room temperature, such as V(TCNE) x · y (CH 2 Cl 2 ). The important roles of spin and spatial anisotropy and also disorder are illustrated. The, anticipated properties of such molecule- and polymer-based magnetic materials may enable their use in future generations of electronic, magnetic and/or photonic/photronic devices ranging from information storage and magnetic imaging to static and low frequency magnetic shielding and magnetic induction.
Does increased experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy yield more complex bile duct injuries

Abstract Background Two decades since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the rate of bile duct injuries still remains higher than in the open cholecystectomy era. Methods The rate and complexity of bile duct injuries was evaluated in 83,449 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 1995 and 2008 in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California system. Fifty-six surgeons who performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the past were surveyed to determine factors that predispose to bile duct injuries. Results The overall incidence of bile duct injuries was .10%; 59.5% of the 84 injuries were cystic duct leaks. Incidence varied slightly from .10% (1995–1998) to .08% (1999–2003) and .12% (2004–2008). There was a trend toward more proximal injuries (injury Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has an overall low risk of bile duct injuries; the rate remains constant, but injury complexity may have increased over time.
Adrenalectomy increases serotonin turnover in brains of obese zucker rats

Abstract Because adrenalectomy tends to normalize many metabolic abnormalities of obese Zucker rats, we hypothesized that it would also normalize the depressed serotonergic turnover in their ventromedial nucleus (VMN). Lean ( Fa Fa ) and obese ( fa fa ) male Zucker rats were adrenalectomized or sham operated when 5 wks old and sacrificed at 11 wks. Their brains were frozen, and 13 areas were dissected for HPLC-EC analysis of monoamines and metabolites. Consistent with previous studies, VMN serotonin turnover (indexed by 5-HIAA/5-HT) was lower in obese than lean sham-operated rats. Monoamine and metabolite concentrations were altered in several other brain areas as well. Adrenalectomy reduced percent body fat and elevated VMN serotonergic turnover more in obese than in lean rats. It also stimulated serotonergic turnover in almost every brain area examined. We conclude that in obese Zucker rats: monoaminergic activity is altered in several brain areas involved in regulating energy balance; adrenalectomy normalizes the reduced VMN serotonergic turnover seen in the obese rats; and adrenalectomy results in a generalized increase in central serotonergic turnover. These data are consistent with serotonin's role in inhibiting food intake and enhancing sympathetic stimulation of energy metabolism.
Apparel Production in the Caribbean: A Classic Case of the New International Division of Labor

An international division of labor now exists in textile and apparel production. Epitomizing this movement, the Caribbean Basin has become the fastest growing apparel assembly region for U.S. firms. This paper describes tariff and quota provisions that make the Caribbean countries desirable sites for U.S. apparel assembly operations, thus enabling U.S. manufacturers to compete more effectively with low cost imports from non-Caribbean countries. The evolution of special tariff and quota provisions for the Caribbean region is examined. Special trade provisions include 807 production (now 9802 in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule), the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), and Guaranteed Access Levels (GALs) under 807A (now 9802.80 10 2 in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule). The Enterprise for the Americas Initiative is also considered. This paper examines the impact of each of these provisions and explores the implications for the U.S. textilelapparel complex and for the economic development of select Caribbean count...
EST and EST-SSR marker resources for Iris

Limited DNA sequence and DNA marker resources have been developed for Iris (Iridaceae), a monocot genus of 200–300 species in the Asparagales, several of which are horticulturally important. We mined an I. brevicaulis-I. fulva EST database for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and developed ortholog-specific EST-SSR markers for genetic mapping and other genotyping applications in Iris. Here, we describe the abundance and other characteristics of SSRs identified in the transcript assembly (EST database) and the cross-species utility and polymorphisms of I. brevicaulis-I. fulva EST-SSR markers among wild collected ecotypes and horticulturally important cultivars. Collectively, 6,530 ESTs were produced from normalized leaf and root cDNA libraries of I. brevicaulis (IB72) and I. fulva (IF174), and assembled into 4,917 unigenes (1,066 contigs and 3,851 singletons). We identified 1,447 SSRs in 1,162 unigenes and developed 526 EST-SSR markers, each tracing a different unigene. Three-fourths of the EST-SSR markers (399/526) amplified alleles from IB72 and IF174 and 84% (335/399) were polymorphic between IB25 and IF174, the parents of I. brevicaulis × I. fulva mapping populations. Forty EST-SSR markers were screened for polymorphisms among 39 ecotypes or cultivars of seven species – 100% amplified alleles from wild collected ecotypes of Louisiana Iris (I.brevicaulis, I.fulva, I. nelsonii, and I. hexagona), whereas 42–52% amplified alleles from cultivars of three horticulturally important species (I. pseudacorus, I. germanica, and I. sibirica). Ecotypes and cultivars were genetically diverse – the number of alleles/locus ranged from two to 18 and mean heterozygosity was 0.76. Nearly 400 ortholog-specific EST-SSR markers were developed for comparative genetic mapping and other genotyping applications in Iris, were highly polymorphic among ecotypes and cultivars, and have broad utility for genotyping applications within the genus.