cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A social psychological approach to improving the outcomes of racially discordant medical interactions.

BACKGROUND Medical interactions between Black patients and non-Black physicians are less positive and productive than racially concordant ones and contribute to racial disparities in the quality of health care.
Green's dyadics for a bounded lossy medium

Dyadic Green's function for an arbitrarily shaped lossy dielectric object is presented. It is derived based on surface integral equations. Application of the presented dyadic Green's function allows a detailed study of radiation pattern and power loss of an antenna in the presence of a lossy medium. Numerical computations are implemented for a dipole in the vicinity of a lossy dielectric sphere, the radiation pattern and power loss as a function of loss tangent are presented in graphs.
Formation and dephosphorylation of dptCo(ATP)−. Comparisons for triamine- and tetraamine-cobalt(III) complexes

Abstract The neutral complex [dptCo(α,β,γ-HATP)] has been prepared and characterized (dpt = NH(CH2CH2CH2NH2)2) and the kinetics of dptCo(ATP)− formation from dptCo(OH)(H2O)22+ and HATP3− have been measured spectrophotometrically (25°C, I = 0.5 M). The results are consistent with a mechanism involving rapid formation of the monodentate complex dptCo(H2O)2(γ-ATP)− by water replacement with proton transfer (t 1 2 ∼ 20 sec), and rate-determining completion of the chelate rings with replacement of the two remaining waters (t 1 2 ∼ 5 min). Also, initial dephosphorylation rates for the preformed dptCo(ATP)− chelate have been determined in the presence of the added aqua complexes dptCoIII(aq), trpnCoIII(aq) and tn2CoIII(aq) over the pH range 4–7 (25°C, I = 0.1 M, dptCoATP−, and added aqua complexes each 1 mM). The effectiveness of these aqua complexes in promoting ATP dephosphorylation decreases in the order trpn > dpt > tn2, when the rates at the pH of maximum promotion are compared. The enhancement in the hydrolysis rate of ATP (10−3 M) for the added dptCoIII(aq) (10−3 M) at pH 4.9, where dptCo(OH)(H2O)22+ predominates, is ∼ 105. In comparison to dephosphorylation rates for systems of the type N4Co(ATP)− + N4CoIII(aq) (where the rates depend very little on the N4 identity in N4Co(ATP)−), dephosphorylation rates for corresponding dptCo(ATP)− + N4CoIII(aq) systems are about 1 3 to 1 2 as large. The change in ATP coordination, from bidentate in complexes of type cis-N4Co(β,γ-ATP)− to tridentate in a complex of type fac-N3Co(α,β,γ-ATP)−, thus reduces the reactivity of the 1:1 complex towards ATP hydrolysis in the presence of added aqua-metal ions.
Leibniz's Twofold Gap Between Moral Knowledge and Motivation

Moral rationalists and sentimentalists traditionally disagree on at least two counts, namely regarding the source of moral knowledge or moral judgements and regarding the source of moral motivation. I will argue that even though Leibniz's moral epistemology is very much in line with that of mainstream moral rationalists, his account of moral motivation is better characterized as sentimentalist. Just like Hume, Leibniz denies that there is a necessary connection between knowing that something is right and the motivation to act accordingly. Instead, he believes that certain affections are necessary for moral motivation. On my interpretation, then, Leibniz is an externalist about judgements and motivation: he is committed to a gap between the judgement that something is morally right and the motivation to act accordingly. As a matter of fact, I will argue that there are two gaps. The first and less controversial one has to do with the fact that Leibniz reconciles his psychological egoism with ethical altruis...
Work and work-related stress in pregnancy.

Work, in general, does not increase the risks of pregnancy complications. Work that is stressful, physically, psychologically, or both, has deleterious effects on pregnancy. Stressful work increases the risks of miscarriage, preterm labor, preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. The great
Three-dimensional power combiners

Conventional free-space power combiners consist of an array of solid-state devices loading a two-dimensional grid. Here the concept is extended to three dimensions, in which multiple grids are placed in parallel in a Fabry-Perot cavity. The advantage of this approach is that a large number of devices can be combined to produce more output power, while simultaneously improving the heat sinking and power-handling capabilities since the power is distributed over several grid surfaces. Experimental results are presented for a 5 GHz double grid oscillator with an effective radiated power 3 dB larger than that of a single grid. >
Transformational Leadership and Complex Adaptive System for Global Development

This paper reviews recent theoretical developments in the leadership literature and focuses on transformational leadership and its impact on global development. Most of the literature and research on leadership is focused 1) on manufacturing or business oriented organizations, 2) limited to the executive levels and managers within those institutions, and 3) very limited research on the impact of gender, international issues and political leadership. While this paper will not be an extensive research to cover the shortcomings of leadership research on the above three identified points, it will be an attempt that transformational leadership is needed in the current globalized world not only in profit oriented organizations but in all local and international institutions that impact our lives everyday if the end goal is to bring positive social change. In seeking acceptable level of global leadership, power and influence for collective security and prosperity, this paper recommends Transformational Leadership within the global environment and proposes adopting it through the introduction and applying the complex adaptive system in assessing, analyzing, and proposing the changes needed based on the gaps identified in the literature review.
The impact of flexible manufacturing systems on productivity and quality

Worldwide competition and the pace of technological innovation will not permit distraction from industry's primary task: producing quality products at competitive prices. A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) provides a good means of improving this situation. Nevertheless, an FMS implementation usually costs an organization millions of dollars, and the long payback period for an FMS may hinder management from adopting this technology. It is therefore necessary that both financial and strategic benefits produced from the acquisition of an FMS be evaluated on a long-term basis. Flexible manufacturing systems are widely claimed to positively impact productivity and quality. From an extensive search and analysis of empirical studies, propositions regarding issues of flexibility, productivity, and quality are presented. Major findings show FMS investment leading to reduced labor costs, increased output, decreased manufacturing costs, increased flexibility, and reduced production lead time. >
A model of the leech segmental swim central pattern generator

Abstract We present a model of the single-ganglion oscillator of the leech swim central pattern generator (CPG). The model is based on the known neuronal architecture of this circuit. Free parameters in the model were fitted to produce membrane potential oscillations matching those seen during swimming. However, the oscillations produced are not robust to small (±5%) changes in the parameters. We propose that this may be due to the large difference between the passive time constant of our model cells and the period of the swim oscillation. We discuss possible ways the real circuit achieves robustness.
3-dimensional cellular systems for aeronautical mobile radio communications

A technique for designing three-dimensional cellular systems for VHF air/ground communications is proposed to solve the problem of frequency congestion of air traffic control and flight services. In VHF air/ground communication systems, a radio-line-of-sight (LOS) between the aircraft and ground station must exist. The frequency reuse distance is reduced by using the radio horizon to block cochannel interferences. In the proposed system, cells of different sizes to cover different altitude ranges are separated by different reuse distances. With nine groups of channels, the altitude range from 740 feet to 45000 feet, or from 1185 feet to 72000 feet, can be covered without interference. The proposed system utilizes the spectrum efficiently by covering a certain airspace with the minimum number of frequency channels and cell sizes. >
Counseling Diabetics in the Use of Substitute Sweeteners

For persons with diabetes, diet is prescribed as a cornerstone of ther apy. Unease over just what is safe and prudent to eat is an important con cern, and health professionals who work with persons who have diabetes must strive to keep abreast of current nutritional research. One area of con troversy is the role of sweeteners in the diet. Rather than removing most sweeteners from the diet, a more feasible approach may be intensive patient education so that the person with diabetes can make more knowl edgeable decisions as to which types of sweeteners to include in the diet and how to calculate the food values in relation to insulin supply. Five sub stitute sweeteners (saccharin, fructose, sorbitol, xylitol, and aspartame) are considered from the standpoint of taste, availability and costs, metabolic activity, carcinogenic risks, and cur rent American Diabetes Association recommendations.
The Telomere Capping Complex CST Has an Unusual Stoichiometry, Makes Multipartite Interaction with G-Tails, and Unfolds Higher-Order G-Tail Structures

The telomere-ending binding protein complex CST (Cdc13-Stn1-Ten1) mediates critical functions in both telomere protection and replication. We devised a co-expression and affinity purification strategy for isolating large quantities of the complete Candida glabrata CST complex. The complex was found to exhibit a 2∶4∶2 or 2∶6∶2 stoichiometry as judged by the ratio of the subunits and the native size of the complex. Stn1, but not Ten1 alone, can directly and stably interact with Cdc13. In gel mobility shift assays, both Cdc13 and CST manifested high-affinity and sequence-specific binding to the cognate telomeric repeats. Single molecule FRET-based analysis indicates that Cdc13 and CST can bind and unfold higher order G-tail structures. The protein and the complex can also interact with non-telomeric DNA in the absence of high-affinity target sites. Comparison of the DNA–protein complexes formed by Cdc13 and CST suggests that the latter can occupy a longer DNA target site and that Stn1 and Ten1 may contact DNA directly in the full CST–DNA assembly. Both Stn1 and Ten1 can be cross-linked to photo-reactive telomeric DNA. Mutating residues on the putative DNA–binding surface of Candida albicans Stn1 OB fold domain caused a reduction in its crosslinking efficiency in vitro and engendered long and heterogeneous telomeres in vivo, indicating that the DNA–binding activity of Stn1 is required for telomere protection. Our data provide insights on the assembly and mechanisms of CST, and our robust reconstitution system will facilitate future biochemical analysis of this important complex.
The First Crusade: The Call from the East. By Peter Frankopan. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2012. Pp. xxiv, 262. $29.95.)

The First Crusade produced a tremendous amount of primary source material that has attracted many writers since. Peter Frankopan enters a crowded field but differentiates himself by not getting to ...
Stardust: tracking activity in a distributed storage system

Performance monitoring in most distributed systems provides minimal guidance for tuning, problem diagnosis, and decision making. Stardust is a monitoring infrastructure that replaces traditional performance counters with end-to-end traces of requests and allows for efficient querying of performance metrics. Such traces better inform key administrative performance challenges by enabling, for example, extraction of per-workload, per-resource demand information and per-workload latency graphs. This paper reports on our experience building and using end-to-end tracing as an on-line monitoring tool in a distributed storage system. Using diverse system workloads and scenarios, we show that such fine-grained tracing can be made efficient (less than 6% overhead) and is useful for on- and off-line analysis of system behavior. These experiences make a case for having other systems incorporate such an instrumentation framework.
ESCAPE DEFICITS INDUCED BY A BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT STRESSOR IN THE SLUG (UMAX MAXIMUS)

For 7 consecutive days slugs (Limax maximus) were exposed to escapable, inescapable, or no light-heat stress in an escape task. On Days 8 and 9 they were tested in a different escape task. The slugs in the inescapable light-heat group had reliably longer escape latencies and more failures to escape than the slugs in the escapable light-heat group or the no light-heat control group.
Method of Studying Subcritical Cracking of Opaque Materials

Since subcritical cracking often precedes catastrophic failure, it is an important engineering consideration, especially if a structure is to be under stress for a long time. A specimen has been developed for laboratory study of subcritical cracking, but it is assumed that crack growth can be observed visually through the specimen. With opaque materials, such observation is generally impractical or impossible. A compliance method of obtaining crack-growth data is proposed. Experimental examples using polymethyl methacrylate, soda-lime glass, and an opaque glass-ceramic show that the method works very well. The usefulness of the method is illustrated for 3 commercial ceramics. It is shown that subcritical cracking occurs over a range of fracture energies for each of these materials.
Swimming against the current: Do idioms reflect conceptual structure?

Abstract Recent work inspired by cognitive linguistics suggests that some idioms make sense (i.e., their meanings seem transparent) because they are motivated by conceptual structures that exist independently of language. We claim that idioms cannot, in principle, be used to argue for the existence of such conceptual structures. To support this argument we demonstrate that people's intuitions about idiom transparency vary as a function of what they believe to be the meaning of the idiom. Thus, when people learn an idiom's meaning, they attempt to map elements of that meaning onto the linguistic constituents of the idiom. This mapping makes the stipulated meaning seem transparent, while it obscures the possibility that the idiom conceivably could mean something else. For example, people who learn that the statement ‘The goose hangs high’ bodes well have a difficult time conceiving of a negative reading, while those who learn that it expresses impending doom cannot easily conceive of a positive reading. In this way, our knowledge of the meaning of the idiom constrain the way we ‘motivate’ the idiom. Instead of reflecting conceptual structures, then, we suggest that intuitions about idiom transparency reflect the mind's interpretive strategies.
Effects of Exercise on Anxiety in Adults with Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Disease: A Systematic Review of Meta-analyses

Background: Anxiety is a major public health problem among adults with arthritis and other rheumatic disease (AORD). The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of previous meta-analyses addressing the effects of exercise on anxiety in adults with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia or systemic lupus erythematous. Methods: The a priori inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: (1) previous systematic reviews that included a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials or data reported separately for randomized controlled trials if the meta-analysis included other study designs, (2) adults 18 years of age and older with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia or systemic lupus erythematous, as defined by the inclusion criteria of the authors of the original meta-analyses (3) aerobic and/or strength training intervention(s) lasting an average of at least 4 weeks, (4) studies published in any language and from any source, (5) anxiety as a primary outcome in the original metaanalysis. Potential studies to be included were identified by searching nine electronic databases and crossreferencing. Methodological quality was to be assessed using the AMSTAR Instrument. Random-effects models that included the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were planned, with non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals considered statistically significant. In addition, 95% prediction intervals, U3 index, number needed to treat and number of US people who could benefit were also planned. Results: Of the 46 articles identified, none met the criteria for inclusion. Major reasons for exclusion included (1) inappropriate study design (32.9%), (2) inappropriate intervention (30.4%), (3) inappropriate population (25.3%), (4) inappropriate outcome (8.9%) and (5) inappropriate comparison (2.5%). Conclusions: Given the prevalence of anxiety in adults with AORD and apparent plethora of randomized controlled trials on this topic, a need exists for a meta-analysis addressing the effects of exercise on anxiety in adults with AORD.
Web projections: learning from contextual subgraphs of the web

Graphical relationships among Web pages have been exploited inmethods for ranking search results. To date, specific graphicalproperties have been used in these analyses. We introduce a WebProjection methodology that generalizes prior efforts of graphicalrelationships of the web in several ways. With the approach, wecreate subgraphs by projecting sets of pages and domains onto thelarger web graph, and then use machine learning to constructpredictive models that consider graphical properties as evidence. Wedescribe the method and then present experiments that illustrate theconstruction of predictive models of search result quality and userquery reformulation.
Hyperbolic averaged models for describing dispersion effects in chromatographs and reactors

We show that dispersion effects due to local velocity gradients and transverse molecular diffusion in chromatographs and chemical reactors can be better described in terms of averaged models that are hyperbolic in the longitudinal coordinate and time, and with an effective local time or length scale in place of the traditional axial dispersion coefficient. This description not only eliminates the use of artificial exit boundary conditions but also inconsistencies such as upstream propagation and infinite speed of signals associated with the traditional parabolic averaged models. We also show that the hyperbolic models can describe dispersion effects accurately and have a much larger region of validity in the physical parameter space compared to the traditional parabolic models. Our method of obtaining averaged models from the governing partial differential equations is based on the Lyapunov-Schmidt technique of classical bifurcation theory and is rigorous. We illustrate our approach using three well known chemical engineering problems.
Mode II Edge Delamination of Compressed Thin Films

Ceramic coatings deposited on metal substrates generally develop significant compressive stresses when cooled from the temperature at which they are processed as a result of thermal expansion mismatch. One of the main failure modes for these coatings is edge delamination. For an ideally brittle interface, the edge delamination of a compressed thin film involves mode II interface cracking. The crack faces are in contact with normal stress acting across the faces behind the advancing tip. Frictional shielding of the crack tip has been shown to increase the apparent fracture toughness. Roughness effects associated with the separating faces can also contribute to the apparent toughness. A model of mode II steady-state edge delamination that incorporates combined friction and roughness effects between the delaminated film and substrate is proposed and analyzed. This model is used to assess whether frictional shielding and surface roughness effects are sufficient to explain the large apparent mode II fracture toughness values observed in experiments.
A Confidence-Based Dominance Operator in Evolutionary Algorithms for Noisy Multiobjective Optimization Problems

This paper describes a noise-aware dominance operator for evolutionary algorithms to solve the multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs) that contain noise in their objective functions. This operator takes objective value samples of given two individuals (or solution candidates), estimates the impacts of noise on the samples and determines whether it is confident enough to judge which one is superior/inferior between the two individuals. Since the proposed operator assumes no noise distributions a priori, it is well applicable to various MOPs whose objective functions follow unknown noise distributions. Experimental results show that it operates reliably in noisy MOPs and outperforms existing noise-aware dominance operators.
Control of a Mobile Support Platform for Vehicle Detectors on Highway

The California Department of Transportation has sponsored the development of a new family of out of pavement, laser based sensing devices for monitoring road vehicles on the highway. These devices are to be placed over highway traffic lanes, so that they can have an unobstructed view of vehicles moving along the highway. It is expected that there will be need for relatively frequent adjustment of the actual location of these devices over the freeway, so that they can be moved from one lane to another, or so the position over a given lane can be modified. Because of these constraints, a mobile support platform is planned for these devices. This paper presents a motion control strategy for such a mobile platform, and the necessary hardware to implement the control system. The ideas presented in the paper have been tested on a prototype mobile support platform.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Protein-tyrosine phosphatases: emerging targets for therapeutic intervention in type 2 diabetes and related states of insulin resistance.

Resistance to the action of insulin in its metabolic target tissues occurs in almost all patients with type 2 diabetes and forms the pathophysiologic basis of the visceral obesitylinked metabolic syndrome. Improving tissue sensitivity to insulin is a major clinical goal to help ameliorate not only abnormal glucose metabolism, but also some of the cardiovascular risk factors that accompany this syndrome. Proteintyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) that function as negative regulators of the insulin signaling cascade have been identified as novel targets for the therapeutic enhancement of insulin action in insulin-resistant disease states. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that one of the main functions of the intracellular enzyme PTPase 1B (PTP1B), and perhaps to a lesser extent the transmembrane PTPase leukocyte antigen-related (LAR), is to suppress insulin action. Reducing PTP1B abundance not only enhances insulin sensitivity and improves glucose metabolism but also protects against obesity induced by high-fat feeding. Inhibition of PTP1B in insulin target tissues using pharmaceutical agents and novel antisense oligonucoleotides has shown enhanced insulin signaling and glucose tolerance in preclinical models. PTPase inhibitors may eventually find an important clinical role as novel insulin sensitizers in the management of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
Novobiocin interferes with the binding of transcription factors TFIIIA and TFIIIC to the promoters of class III genes

Novobiocin has been shown to inhibit class III gene transcription from both chromatin and non-chromatin templates. Since novobiocin is a well characterized inhibitor of type II DNA topoisomerases, it has been postulated that a gyrase activity is necessary for transcription. Using DNase I footprinting, we show here that novobiocin inhibits the specific binding of polymerase III transcription factors TFIIIA and TFIIIC to the promoters of the 5S RNA and VA RNA genes, respectively. Concentrations of novobiocin employed were comparable to those necessary to inhibit HeLa topoisomerase II. In vitro transcription assays, performed under equivalent conditions, demonstrated that similar novobiocin concentrations were necessary for transcription inhibition. These results strongly suggest that novobiocin interferes with transcription by inhibiting specific protein-DNA interactions.
Pushing x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy beyond the continuous frame rate limit

We demonstrate delayed-frame X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy with 120 microsecond time resolution, limited only by sample scattering rates, with a prototype Pixel-array detector capable of taking two image frames separated by 153 ns or less. Although the overall frame rate is currently limited to about 4 frame pairs per second, we easily measured millisecond correlation functions. This technology, coupled to the use of brighter synchrotrons such as Petra III or the NSLS-II should enable X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy on microsecond time scales on a wider variety of materials.
Bank of America v. Mitchell (2012) 204 CA4th 1199

A recent decision applies California’s deficiency bar to the holder of a second mortgage note despite its previous transfer by the holder of the first.
From War Protestors to Corporate Litigants: The Evolution of the Profession of Trial Consulting

The profession of trial consulting had its beginnings in the early 1970s. Throughout the 1970s, social scientists were called upon to assist in anti-war cases, and then forayed into mostly high-profile civil rights and criminal defense cases. The first meeting of the American Society of Trial Consultants (ASTC) was in 1982 and was attended by a couple of dozen members, mostly social scientists. The profession has grown considerably in the 30 years since. Today, ASTC membership approaches 500, and the organization is guided by a set of ethical guidelines. Furthermore, the profession now draws from a more diverse range of educational backgrounds and skill sets: social scientists, law, theater, and graphic design. There is no required educational degree, just as there are no licensure requirements. Although they continue to assist with jury selection, consultants are more likely to be engaged in pretrial small-group research such as focus groups and mock trials. Consultants also conduct change-of-venue surveys, prepare witnesses, and educate attorneys about the art of persuasion, all of which are included in the chapter. The distinction between focus groups and mock trials is discussed as well as two key methodological issues associated with conducting small-group research: ecological validity and representativeness. Steps to preparing a witness are outlined, in addition to the presentation of criticisms that revolve around the belief that preparing a witness is deceitful. Most organizational recommendations by trial consultants are generally supported by empirical research.
Management of orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson's disease

Orthostatic hypotension is common in Parkinson's disease. The current recommended management of orthostatic hypotension related to Parkinson's disease involves first general measures and then medications with little risk of severe adverse side effects.
Hypoglycaemia and infectious gastroenteritis: the risk of sugar-free fluids

Background The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence has made recommendations regarding the management of children under five with infectious gastroenteritis. This includes the use of sugar-free fluids such as water for rehydration. A local audit has demonstrated a marked increase in the incidence of hypoglycaemia in such children in recent years. Aims To determine if provision of only sugar-free fluids to children To compare the clinical characteristics of such children with and without hypoglycaemia. Patients and methods Retrospective casenote audit of acute admissions to a district general hospital between April 2010 - May 2011. 67 children (28 hypoglycaemic) Results Stated as mean[range]: Age of the hypoglycaemic children was 1.5 [0.1-3.4] years and 1.6 [0.2-4.5] years in the non-hypoglycaemic group. Vomiting as a presenting symptom was associated with hypoglycaemia. Duration of illness was not. Clinical features associated with hypoglycaemia were drowsiness and subjective assessment of looking ‘unwell’. Dry mucous membranes, reduced skin turgor, tachycardia, sweatiness and pallor were not associated with hypoglycaemia. In twenty cases, stool culture and virology were sent. Six were positive for rotavirus: all were hypoglycaemic. Three were positive for campylobacter: none were hypoglycaemic. Of the other eleven, only two were hypoglycaemic. The fluids given at home were documented in 40/67 cases (60%). There was an association between giving only sugar-free fluids at home and documented hypoglycaemia (p=0.05). When only children with a measured sugar were considered, 1/11 (9%) of normoglycaemic children had sugar-free fluids compared with 6/15 (40%) of those who were hypoglycaemic, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Provision of only sugar-free drinks at home was associated with hypoglycaemia at presentation, as was the presence of vomiting. Longer duration of illness was not. Hypoglycaemia at presentation was associated with rotavirus infection.
Apply “Design Thinking” to Your Startup

“Design Thinking” is a human-centered approach to innovation. It uses interactive, empathy-driven process to generate creative solutions to complex, ill-defined, emotionally-infused, multi-dimensional business problems. A highly collaborative and multidisciplinary team rapidly go through the sevensteps cycles of define, research, ideation, prototype, choose, implement, and learn to complete the design thinking process. Design Thinking discourages the traditional scientific way of problem-solving by analysis, while encourages designers/architects practice of problem solve by synthesis. The process is used in many leading innovative organizations in Silicon Valley, notably Stanford University, Apple Computer, IDEO Design and California State University Monterey Bay. Many startups use the design thinking to generate successful products that fulfill the both user’s practical and emotional needs. The design thinking process is a good fit for startup since it epitomizes the mindset of “there is no such thing as failures, just learning that lead to success.” The process puts the user as the focal point of product creation, and it embraces empathy, diversity, and ambiguity, as well as recognizing the importance of multidisciplinary teams. The process reflects ideas that stem from well-known design principles and best innovation practices, but the design thinking incorporate them into a coherent and repeatable process. It is essential for the innovative entrepreneurs to understand and practice design thinking, which might be the most effective way to generate market-winning products. Dr. Eric Tao will give an overview of design thinking, provide examples of how it is used in startups. He will also lead a short workshop so the participants can experience the basics of design thinking process during the session. Additionally, Dr. Tao will provide a comparison between the innovation strategies applied in the western and the eastern culture, which leads to a set of recommendations that both sides can learn each other.
A detailed uncertainty assessment of measurements used in determining turbine efficiency

Nomenclature The efficiency of a turbine may be calculated from measured test variables by several different methods. Two methods commonly used for cold air flow testing of turbines, the thermodynamic and the mechanical methods, require measurements of the turbine inlet and exit total pressure, inlet and exit total temperature, mass flow rate, speed, and torque. Detailed uncertainty analysis results are presented for each of these measured variables. For a detailed analysis, bias and precision estimates must be considered separately to obtain an overall uncertainty estimate for each of the variables. Actual test data has been used to obtain precision estimates for each of the measured quantities. Bias estimates are more difficult to obtain. The pressures and temperatures required to determine efficiency are average values at the inlet and exit planes, while the measurements are made at a point in a plane. The averaging of many point measurements which share identical error sources is complex from an uncertainty viewpoint, since one must account for many correlated bias uncertainty terms. This paper does not present the overall final results for the detailed analysis, but rather gives a status of the detailed analysis and then briefly discusses future work. Aerospace Engineer, Member AIAA * Eminent Scholar in Propulsion and Professor, Associate Fellow AIAA Copyright © 1997 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. No copyright is asserted in the United States under Title 17, US Code. The US Government has a royalty-free license to exercise all rights under the copyright claimed herein for government purposes. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner. B: Bias limit estimate Cp: Specific heat at constant pressure (BTU/lbm°R) h: Enthalpy (BTU/lbJ J: Conversion constant (778.3 ft-lbf/BTU) K: Conversion constant (re/30 rad*min/rev*sec) N: Speed (RPM) P: Precision limit estimate P: Pressure (psia) Pr: Pressure ratio (total-to-total) r: Result S: Sample standard deviation
Indoluria and Its Relation to Sulfur Deficiency

SummaryFree indole was found in 22 of 275 specimens of urine obtained from hospital patients. Fingernail clippings from the patients having indoluria had a normal cystine content. It seems improbable that indoluria is due to failure of conjugation because of lack of available sulfur.
Roman Literature: Translation, Metaphor & Empire

The Romans understood that translation entails transformation. The Roman term “translatio” stood not only literally for a carrying-across (as by boat) of material from one country to another, but also (metaphorically) for both linguistic translation and metaphorical transformation. These shared usages provide a lens on Roman anxieties about their relationship to Greece, from which they both transferred and translated a literature to call their own. Despite the problematic association of the Greeks with pleasure, rhetoric, and poetic language, the Roman elite argued for the possibility of translation and transformation of Greek texts into a distinctly Roman and authoritative mode of expression. Cicero's hope was that eventually translated Latin texts would replace the Greek originals altogether. In the end, however, the Romans seem to have felt that effeminacy had the last laugh.
Scavenging 4-Oxo-2-nonenal

4-Oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), a product of cellular lipid oxidation, reacts nonspecifically with the lysine residues of proteins and is generated in increased amounts during degenerative diseases and cancer. We show that pyridoxamine, salicylamine, and related 2-aminomethylphenols react with ONE, to form pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines with the participation of both the amino and the phenolic groups. 2-Aminomethylphenols react with ONE as well as with the Michael adducts of ONE much more rapidly than lysine, suggesting their use for therapeutically scavenging ONE.
Imaging Deeper with with Single-photon Illumination

A major constraint on brain imaging is the limited penetration of light through tissue. Two approaches, scattered-light infrared light sheet microscopy and a novel optical clearing, reach depths formerly inaccessible to high speed imaging.
Investigation of nosocomial infection prevalence in hospital

Objective: To evaluate the problems in the nosocomial infection management and control effect by the investigation of nosocomial infection (NI) prevalence. Methods: By combination of bed-side and medical records survey,questionnaires about NI cases in one day were filled and analysed. Results: 1141 patients were investigated, NI prevalence rate was 6.4%, case infection rate was 6.75%; the most common infection site was surgical site, followed by lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: It should be paid attention to the rational use of antimicrobial agents,the management of key units should be strengthened,prospective surveillance should be stressed to prevent and control nosocomial infection.
Thinking with Flint: Racial Liberalism and the Roots of an American Water Tragedy

ABSTRACTThe lead poisoning of Flint, Michigan’s water is popularly framed as a case of “environmental racism” given that Flint’s population is mostly black and lower income. In this essay I argue that we see the environmental racism that underlies Flint’s water poisoning not as incidental to our political-economic order, nor even as stemming from racist intent, but as inseparable from liberalism, an organizing logic we take for granted in our modern age. I expand on the idea of “racial liberalism” here. While upholding the promise of individual freedoms and equality for all, racial liberalism—particularly as it was translated into urban renewal and property making in mid-20th-century urban America—drove dispossession. In Flint racialized property dispossession has been one major factor underlying the city’s financial duress, abandonment, and poisoned infrastructure. Yet, through austerity discourse, Flint is disciplined as if it were a financially reckless individual while the structural and historical ca...
Cryosurgery for cancer: An evaluation

Summary It is generally agreed that considerable palliation of distressing symptoms caused by incurable cancer may be achieved by cryosurgery, even when other methods have failed or cannot be used. Freezing reduces tumor bulk, lessens drainage and odor, controls pain, and relieves bleeding and obstruction in a large variety of neoplasms. When cryosurgery is considered as a method of curing cancer, there is ample reason to be cautious. Few physicians will disagree with its use for inoperable radioresistant tumors or for lesions in which conventional methods have failed. Occasionally very good results, even reasonable chance of cure, have been achieved under these conditions. Cryosurgery is not commonly used as a primary method of cancer therapy, although it does offer advantages for high surgical risk patients and for cancers in accessible areas such as the skin and oral cavity. Excellent results have been achieved in skin cancer. In oral cancer, cryosurgery affords the possibility of avoiding the disability and deformity caused by resection of bone. Experience with pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer as well as with bone tumors is too small to permit judgment now, but in these areas it is apparent that improvements in technique and equipment are needed.
Stereodivergent Allylic Substitutions with Aryl Acetic Acid Esters by Synergistic Iridium and Lewis Base Catalysis

The preparation of all possible stereoisomers of a given chiral molecule bearing multiple stereocenters by a simple and unified method is a significant challenge in asymmetric catalysis. We report stereodivergent allylic substitutions with aryl acetic acid esters catalyzed synergistically by a metallacyclic iridium complex and benzotetramisole. Through permutations of the enantiomers of the two chiral catalysts, all four stereoisomers of the products bearing two adjacent stereocenters are accessible with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The resulting chiral activated ester products can be converted readily to enantioenriched amides, unactivated esters, and carboxylic acids in a one-pot manner.
Accountability assessment of regulatory impacts on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations using statistical and deterministic pollutant sensitivities

Since the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the USA has seen dramatic decreases in air pollutant emissions from a wide variety of source sectors, which have led to changes in pollutant concentrations: both up and down. Multiple stakeholders, including policy-makers, industry, and public health professionals, seek to quantify the benefits of regulations on air pollution and public health, a major focus of air pollution accountability research. Two methods, one empirical, the other based on a chemical transport model (CTM), are used to calculate the sensitivities of ozone (O3) and particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μ m (PM2.5) to electricity-generating unit (EGU) and mobile source emissions. Both methods are applied to determine impacts of controls on daily concentrations (which are important in assessing acute health responses to air pollution), accounting for nonlinear, meteorologically, and emission-dependent responses of pollutant concentrations. The statistical method separates contributions of nearby EGU, regional EGU, and mobile source emissions on ambient city-center concentrations. Counterfactual emissions, an estimate of emissions under a scenario where no new controls were implemented on local EGU sources after 1995, regional EGUs after 1997, and mobile sources after 1993, are combined with these sensitivities to estimate counterfactual concentrations that represent what daily air quality in Atlanta, GA would have been had controls not been implemented and other emissions-reducing actions not been taken. Regulatory programs are linked with reduced peak summertime O3, but have had little effect on annual median concentrations at the city-center monitoring site, and led to increases in pollutant levels under less photochemically-active conditions. The empirical method and the CTM method found similar relationships between ozone concentrations and ozone sensitivity to anthropogenic emissions. Compared to the counterfactual between 2010 and 2013, the number of days on which O3 (PM2.5) concentrations exceeded 60 p p b (12.0 μ g m −3) was reduced from 396 to 200 (1391 to 222). In 2013, average daily ambient O3 and PM2.5 concentrations were reduced by 1.0 p p b (2 %) and 9.9 μ g m −3 (48 %), respectively, and fourth highest maximum daily average 8-h O3 was reduced by 14 p p b. Comparison of model-derived sensitivities to those derived using empirical methods show coherence, but some important differences, such as the O3 concentration where the sensitivity to NOx emissions changes sign.
How much are wood-based cellulosic biofuels worth in the Pacific Northwest? Ex-ante and ex-post analysis of local people's willingness to pay

Abstract The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) provided a grant to establish a wood-based cellulosic biofuels industry in the US Pacific Northwest. Whether the industry will be sustainable depends largely on social acceptability in general and market acceptability of the biofuels among the public in particular. We conducted contingent valuation surveys of general public in the US states of Oregon and Washington to determine people's willingness to pay (WTP) for wood-based cellulosic biofuels and the factors that influence their WTP decisions. Oregon has an existing cellulosic biorefinery, while Washington's biorefineries are only being planned, allowing us to conduct an ex-ante (Washington) versus ex-post (Oregon) WTP comparison. We sent out mail surveys to 2828 valid mailing addresses between May and July of 2015 and received 757 completed surveys. We used the distribution-free Turnbull estimator to estimate the expected WTP and logistic regression to determine the relative strength of predictors on WTP. About one fifth (18.8%) of the respondents were willing to pay some premium for wood-based cellulosic biofuels. The mean WTP amount was $0.19 ± $0.03/gal. (95% confidence interval: $0.17 to $0.21), which equates to a 6.4% price premium on top of the market price for gasoline. Logistic regression results showed that the offered bid price, knowledge on biofuels, age and religious affiliation of respondents were statistically significant predictors of WTP decisions. No significant differences in ex-ante versus ex-post WTP were observed. We also discussed the policy implications of these results for sustainable management of the wood-based cellulosic biofuels industry.
The effect of preferred crystal growth on the angular dependence of the magnetic-transition field in quenched thin In films

Abstract The critical field behavior of superconducting thin In films, quenched on substrates held at liquid He temperatures, is investigated right after the evaporation and during the annealing. The experimentally determined angular dependence of the critical field, H c is compared with the prediction of the Tinkham [1] theory. For all quenched In-films a departure of the angular dependence of H c from the theory of Tinkham is found for the 300°K anneals for angles in the range from approximately 0°–30°. This departure is explained by the preferred growth of In crystallites on annealing. The purpose of our investigation was to examine the angular dependence of the critical field, and its relation to changes in defect concentration and crystallization processes.
Trading Rules for a Decentralized Exchange Economy

Constructive proofs of the existence of trading rules for a decentralized monetary economy and for a non-decentralized barter economy are developed. It is proven that there is no trading rule for a decentralized barter economy.
Extracting Latent Moral Information from Text Narratives: Relevance, Challenges, and Solutions

Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) and the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars (MIME) contend that moral judgments are built on a universal set of basic moral intuitions. A large body of research...
Case 56: General Anesthesia in a Patient with Daily Use of Prescribed Amphetamine

You are assigned to anesthetize a 59-year-old female for a total hip replacement. Her past history is significant for depression, and she has taken dextroamphetamine 15 mg bd. for over 3 years. Would you proceed or would you recommend discontinuing amphetamine therapy prior to general anesthesia and thereby delay the surgery?
Effects of Rotation of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) and Soybean [Glycine Max (l.) Merr.] Crops on Soil Fertility in Elizabeth, Mississippi, USA

The effects of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation on the soil fertility levels are limited. An irrigated soybean: cotton rotation experiment was conducted from 2012 through 2015 near Elizabeth, Mississippi, USA. The crop rotation sequences were included continuous cotton (CCCC), continuous soybean (SSSS), cotton-soybean-cotton-soybean (CSCS), cotton-soybean-soybean-cotton (CSSC), soybean-cotton-cotton-soybean (SCCS), soybean-cotton-soybean-cotton (SCSC). The crop rotation sequences were followed continuous soybean, continuous cotton, cotton followed by soybean, soybean followed by cotton, soybean followed by two years of cotton, and cotton followed by two years of soybean. A weed control treatment of a non-glyphosate post-emergence vs. glyphosate post emergence was used in both crops. Soil samples taken prior to planting each year and in 2016 showed no differences in cation exchange capacity, organic matter, pH, or macro nutrient levels among the rotations, over the five sampling periods nor weed control methods used for either crop.