cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
N''-nitro-N-(2,2,2–trinitroethyl) guanidine

The previously reported compound N-nitro-N'-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl) guanidine (3) is shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy to be actually the corresponding nitrimine tautomer N''-nitro-N-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)...
Ocular Toxoplasmosis and Visual Field Defects

We studied 34 patients with peripapillary lesions secondary to toxoplasmosis. All patients had visual field defects corresponding to interruption of the nerve fiber layer of the retina. The extent of visual field loss increased with proximity to the disk.
Evaporative liquid jets in gas–liquid–solid flow system ☆

Abstract Some aspects of the fundamental characteristics of evaporative liquid jets in gas–liquid–solid flows are studied and some pertinent literature is reviewed. Specifically, two conditions for the solids concentration in the flow are considered, including the dilute phase condition as in pneumatic convey and the dense phase condition as in bubbling or turbulent fluidized beds. Comparisons of the fundamental behavior are made of the gas–solid flow with dispersed non-evaporative as well as with evaporative liquids. For dilute phase conditions, experiments and analyses are conducted to examine the individual phase motion and boundaries of the evaporative region and the jet. Effects of the solids loading and heat capacity, system temperature, gas flow velocity and liquid injection angle on the jet behavior in gas and gas–solid flows are discussed. For dense phase conditions, experiments are conducted to examine the minimum fluidization velocity and solids distribution across the bed under various gases and liquid flow velocities. The electric capacitance tomography is developed for the first time for three-phase real time imaging of the dense gas–solid flow with evaporative liquid jets. The images reflect significantly varied bubbling phenomenon compared to those in gas–solid fluidized beds without evaporative liquid jets.
Repetitive strain injuries in youth.

PURPOSE: To review the anatomic and physiologic considerations in repetitive strain injuries (RSI) in youth in relation to normal growth and development DATA SOURCES: Extensive review of scientific literature, laws relating to youth labor, and the authors' experience. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of youth at risk for RSIs is crucial for prevention and treatment. Physical maturity and size are more important than chronological age in the safe performance of work tasks or sports. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Interventions that reduce injury in youth include gradually increasing training load, improving flexibility, and strength, improving biomechanics, and correcting malalignment. Assessments should include tests of flexibility, laxity, and muscle symmetry.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a study of the evolution of the disease based upon 92 autopsied cases.

The evolution of the disease process in 92 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been analyzed by comparing the initial histopathologic material with that obtained at autopsy. The distribution of lymphoma did not differ substantially among the subtypes, but the gross appearance of the lesions was different among certain subtypes, particularly between the “small cell” and “large cell” types. The diffuse lymphomas showed a remarkable constancy of subtype in the same patient, whereas the nodular lymphomas showed a high frequency of change to a diffuse pattern and/or a larger cell type. Diffuse histiocytic lymphomas with plasmacytoid features showed a striking propensity for involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. The occurrence and significance of bizarre pleomorphic giant cells, epithelioid histiocytes, a “starry-sky” pattern, erythro-phagocytosis, hemosiderosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis are reported. All patients received anti-lymphomatous chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. A second malignancy was observed in 8 patients. Thirteen patients showed no residual lymphoma at autopsy. The cause of death was considered to be related to lymphoma in all 92 patients; 67 had infections identified. Cancer 44:529-542, 1979.
The thalamus and the schizophrenia phenotype: failure to replicate reduced volume.

Abstract Background: Thalamic abnormalities resulting in impaired attention and information processing may form a foundation for cognitive and perceptual disturbances in schizophrenia. Measurements of the thalamus in patients with schizophrenia have shown reductions relative to normal comparison subjects. Methods: In the current project, magnetic resonance images of the brain were obtained in 10 male and 11 female subjects with paranoid-type schizophrenia, and 15 male and 12 female normal comparison subjects. Total brain and bilateral thalamic volumes were calculated. Results: There were no significant diagnosis, hemisphere, or gender differences in thalamic volumes. Conclusions: Structural thalamic abnormalities are not likely to universally and parsimoniously explain the schizophrenia phenotype. Abnormal thalamic size in patients with schizophrenia should be understood as reflecting one of several possible structural abnormalities contributing to production of the schizophrenia phenotype, but must be regarded with caution unless paired with functional studies.
Verification of radiosurgery target point alignment with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID)

A procedure has been developed using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) to verify that the center of a patient's lesion is aligned with the center of a treatment cone prior to treatment in a linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery procedure. The coordinates of the lesion center are set on the Brown-Roberts-Wells phantom base using a target simulator. A 3 mm tungsten ball, mounted on the target simulator, is used as the reference point for the planned isocenter. The target simulator is then attached to an adapter mounted on the linac couch, and an EPID image of the simulated target is acquired. The center of the circular-shaped radiation field is calculated from the centroid of the segmented EPID image, and the center of the tungsten ball is identified by an automated computer search algorithm. A summation filter is used to find the position of the lowest radiation intensity coincident with the center of the ball. The alignment error is defined as the difference between the center of the radiation field and the center of the ball. The accuracy of this method was tested and found to be within 0.2 mm. The advantage of the EPID-based procedure is that it can give quantitative offset values quickly for immediate readjustment. We have found that the method is also a convenient tool for testing room laser alignment and the accuracy of the treatment cones.
An Investigation of Some Factors Affecting Taxpayer Non-compliance

Abstract A growing concern in almost every nation today is the amount of ‘tax gap’ (i.e. the difference between the taxes actually paid and what would be paid if all taxpayers filed complete and accurate returns and paid all the taxes they owe). Because the tax gap is often quite substantial, the problem of taxpayer non-compliance is one that requires careful scrutiny. This article addresses the problem of taxpayer non-compliance in an international context. The article briefly presents three of the main factors said to affect taxpayer non-compliance (rate structure, tax complexity, and control system). Next some estimates of the extent of non-compliance in seven countries (Sweden, Japan, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, Italy and the United States) are reported and an examination made of the three factors in each country's tax system. It concludes with a discussion of how each factor analysed affects taxpayer compliance.
Type-safe disks

We present the notion of a type-safe disk (TSD). Unlike a traditional disk system, a TSD is aware of the pointer relationships between disk blocks that are imposed by higher layers such as the file system. A TSD utilizes this knowledge in two key ways. First, it enables active enforcement of invariants on data access based on the pointer relationships, resulting in better security and integrity. Second, it enables semantics-aware optimizations within the disk system. Through case studies, we demonstrate the benefits of TSDs and show that a TSD presents a simple yet effective general interface to build the next generation of storage systems.
City on edge: immigrant businesses and the right to urban space in inner-city Johannesburg

Paradoxically, Johannesburg is a quintessentially migrant city and also ranks among the least immigrant-friendly cities in the world. Over the past 20 years, inner-city Johannesburg has been vacated and then reconstituted as a hive of informal trade networks and migration circuits that extends well beyond national borders. Research on immigrants in Johannesburg has contributed significantly to understandings of xenophobic sentiments and immigrant identities, but there remains a large gap in knowledge about immigrant entrepreneurship, economic enclaves and economic mobility. Our research is based on extensive fieldwork, discussions with immigrant organizations and in-depth interviews with immigrants and South Africans engaged in business in three prominent inner-city immigrant business enclaves: Jeppe/Delvers, Eighth Avenue and Raleigh Street. Our research shows that these immigrant business zones each operate differently and vary in the degree to which they connect to urban and national economic grids; so...
Hydrogen bonding and C-H...O interactions in 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl-3,3'-dicarbaldehyde.

The title dialdehyde, C16H14O6, crystallized in the centrosymmetric space group P1 with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. In this structure, one intermolecular and two intramolecular hydrogen bonds occur; the OD...OA distances are 3.030(2), 2.626(2) and 2.662(2) A. In addition, ten significant C-H...O interactions have C...O distances ranging from 3.342(2) to 3.741(3) A and C-H...O angles ranging from 117 to 167 degrees. The 11 intermolecular interactions link a molecule directly to eight neighbors and form a richly three-dimensional network. The dihedral angle between the best-fit planes of the benzene rings within a molecule (biphenyl twist angle) is 79.00(8) degrees. The dihedral angles between the carboxaldehyde-group planes and the best-fit planes of the rings to which they are attached are 4.7(10) and 2.6(10) degrees.
Sibling-Mediated Social Interaction Intervention for Young Children with Autism.

In the present study, the authors investigated the effectiveness of a sibling-mediated intervention in supporting the social behaviors of young children with autism. They used a multiple-baseline d...
The role of catalase in gonococcal resistance to peroxynitrite.

We have reported that Neisseria gonorrhoeae is extremely resistant to reactive nitrogen species (RNS) including peroxynitrite (PN). Recent literature suggests that catalase can provide protection against commercial preparations of PN. Though wild-type gonococci were shown to be highly resistant to 2 mM PN, Neisseria meningitidis and a gonococcal katA mutant were both shown to be extremely sensitive to 2 mM PN. Analysis of translational fusions to lacZ of the catalase promoters from N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis demonstrated that basal katA expression from gonococci is 80-fold higher than in meningococci, though meningococcal katA retains a greater capacity to be activated by OxyR. This activation capacity was shown to be due to a single base pair difference in the −10 transcription element between the two kat promoters. PN resistance was initially shown to be associated with increasing catalase expression; however, commercial preparations of PN were later revealed to contain higher levels of contaminating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than expected. Removal of H2O2 from PN preparations with manganese dioxide markedly reduced PN toxicity in a gonococcal katA mutant. Simultaneous treatment with non-lethal concentrations of PN and H2O2 was highly lethal, indicating that these agents act synergistically. When treatment was separated by 5 min, high levels of bacterial killing occurred only when PN was added first. Our results suggest that killing of N. gonorrhoeae ΔkatA by commercial PN preparations is likely due to H2O2, that H2O2 is more toxic in the presence of PN, and that PN, on its own, may not be as toxic as previously believed.
Remote sensing of sea state by analysis of backscattered microwave phase fluctuations

The relative phase of a normally incident microwave signal scattered off the sea surface is a random function of space and time. The statistics of these random phase fluctuations contain information about the wave-height statistics. This study demonstrates that the wave-height spectra can be deduced directly in terms of the spectra of the phase fluctuations without recourse to inversion techniques even when surface roughness exceeds many wavelengths of the incident signal. In the particular case of a nadir-directed satellite-mounted microwave source operating in the backscatter mode, the wave-height and phase spatial spectra are proportional with a constant proportionality of (2k_{0})^{2} , where k_{0} is the wavenumber of the scattered signal.
Visualizing the Java heap

Many of the problems that occur in long-running systems involve the way that the system uses memory. We have developed a framework for extracting and building a model of the heap from a running Java system. Such a model is only useful if programmers can extract from it the information they need to understand, find, and eventually fix memory-related problems in their system. We demonstrate the tool in action, showing how it works dynamically on running processes and how it is designed to address a variety of specific memory issues.
A comprehensive performance analysis of energy efficient routing protocols in different traffic based mobile ad-hoc networks

In Mobile Ad hoc network, nodes are connected through a wireless are formed a fast changed network structure and it is a infrastructure less, can be set up anytime, anywhere. The nodes are mobile based on battery operated and nodes have limited battery resources. Routing protocol selection in Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a big challenge, because of its regular topology changes and routing overhead. In Manet, energy efficient protocols are used to forward data packets one to another without much packet loss. Energy reactive routing protocol is effective routing protocol in Manet and nodes are requires energy efficient routing protocols to bound the power consumption, and lengthen the battery life to improve the life time of the network. The main objective of this paper is to enhance the network performance of different routing protocols, when frequent link failure in network due to mobility of the nodes in the network. The performance analysis and simulation are carried out to evaluate network performance using Network Simulator (NS-2), based on the different load, node mobility, delay, packet sending rate and energy consumption. It has been verified through various simulations, which represent a wide range of network conditions that energy AODV deliver the better performance as that of the modern protocols DSDV, TORA, DSDV, DSR and AODV in terms of energy efficiency but it is observed that DSR needs significantly smaller energy overheads than other protocols.
How U.S. Adults Find Out About Electronic Cigarettes: Implications for Public Health Messages

INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered nicotine delivery systems that have become increasingly popular in the United States. We sought to understand how U.S. adults hear about e-cigarettes. METHODS A national sample of 17,522 U.S. adults (≥ 18 years old) completed an online survey in March 2013 assessing their awareness of and sources of information about e-cigarettes. RESULTS Most respondents (86%) had heard of e-cigarettes. Current and former smokers were more likely to be aware of e-cigarettes than non-smokers. Males, younger adults, non-Hispanic Whites, and those with higher education were also more likely to have heard of e-cigarettes. The most commonly reported sources of information were another person, ads on television, and seeing e-cigarettes being sold, although the relative frequency of these sources differed for current, former, and never-smokers. Former and current smokers were more likely to have heard about e-cigarettes from e-cigarette users than were never-smokers. Adults age 30 years or younger were more likely than adults older than 30 years to have heard about e-cigarettes online. CONCLUSIONS Nearly all U.S. adults had heard of e-cigarettes in 2013. By focusing on the most common channels of information, public health campaigns can more efficiently communicate information about e-cigarette safety and consider necessary regulations should companies use these channels for marketing that targets youth, non-tobacco users, and other at-risk groups.
Automatic inline allocation of objects

Object-oriented languages like Java and Smalltalk provide a uniform object model that simplifies programming by providing a consistent, abstract model of object behavior. But direct implementations introduce overhead, removal of which requires aggressive implementation techniques (e.g. type inference, function specialization); in this paper, we introduce object inlining, an optimization that automatically inline allocates objects within containers (as is done by hand in C++) within a uniform model. We present our technique, which includes novel program analyses that track how inlinable objects are used throughout the program. We evaluated object inlining on several object-oriented benchmarks. It produces performance up to three times as fast as a dynamic model without inlining and roughly equal to that of manually-inlined codes.
Protein nutrition, exercise and aging.

Aging is associated with remarkable changes in body composition. Loss of skeletal muscle, a process called sarcopenia, is a prominent feature of these changes. In addition, gains in total body fat and visceral fat content continue into late life. The cause of sarcopenia is likely a result of a number of changes that also occur with aging. These include reduced levels of physical activity, changing endocrine function (reduced testosterone, growth hormone, and estrogen levels), insulin resistance, and increased dietary protein needs. Healthy free-living elderly men and women have been shown to accommodate to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein of 0.8 g kg 1 d 1 with a continued decrease in urinary nitrogen excretion and reduced muscle mass. While many elderly people consume adequate amounts of protein, many older people have a reduced appetite and consume less than the protein RDA, likely resulting in an accelerated rate of sarcopenia. One important strategy that counters sarcopenia is strength conditioning. Strength conditioning will result in an increase in muscle size and this increase in size is largely the result of increased contractile proteins. The mechanisms by which the mechanical events stimulate an increase in RNA synthesis and subsequent protein synthesis are not well understood. Lifting weight requires that a muscle shorten as it produces force (concentric contraction). Lowering the weight, on the other hand, forces the muscle to lengthen as it produces force (eccentric contraction). These lengthening muscle contractions have been shown to produce ultrastructural damage (microscopic tears in contractile proteins muscle cells) that may stimulate increased muscle protein turnover. This muscle damage produces a cascade of metabolic events which is similar to an acute phase response and includes complement activation, mobilization of neutrophils, increased circulating an skeletal muscle interleukin-1, macrophage accumulation in muscle, and an increase in muscle protein synthesis and degradation. While endurance exercise increases the oxidation of essential amino acids and increases the requirement for dietary protein, resistance exercise results in a decrease in nitrogen excretion, lowering dietary protein needs. This increased efficiency of protein use may be important for wasting diseases such as HIV infection and cancer and particularly in elderly people suffering from sarcopenia. Research has indicated that increased dietary protein intake (up to 1.6 g protein kg 1 d 1 ) may enhance the hypertrophic response to resistance exercise. It has also been demonstrated that in very old men and women the use of a protein-calorie supplement was associated with greater strength and muscle mass gains than did the use of placebo.
Energetics and kinetics of a conformational switch in G-quadruplex DNA.

Circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry were used to determine the energetics of the conformational switch of the human telomere quadruplex formed by the sequence d[AGGG(TTAGGG)3] ...
EQUIVALENCE CLASS FORMATION IN A TRACE STIMULUS PAIRING TWO‐RESPONSE FORMAT: EFFECTS OF RESPONSE LABELS AND PRIOR PROGRAMMED TRANSITIVITY INDUCTION

Three experiments identified factors that did and did not enhance the formation of two-node four-member equivalence classes when training and testing were conducted with trials presented in a trace stimulus pairing two-response (SP2R) format. All trials contained two separately presented stimuli. Half of the trials, called within-class trials, contained stimuli from the same class while the other half, called cross class trials, contained stimuli from different classes. On within class trials, making a YES response was correct and making a NO response was wrong. On cross class trials, making a NO response was correct and making a YES response was wrong. In Experiment 1, similar intermediate percentages of participants (about 50%) formed classes, regardless of whether the responses were labeled YES and NO or SAME and DIFF. Response labeling thus did not influence class formation. Regardless of response labels, failures of class formation were primarily due to failure of class-indicative responding produced by within-class transitivity probes. In Experiment 2, only 50% of participants formed classes without prior training, as in Experiment 1, but 100% of participants formed equivalence classes after the establishment of a generalized transitivity repertoire by use of a programmed transitivity induction protocol. Experiment 3 examined two components of the programmed transitivity induction protocol and found that the exclusion of AC trials had no effect on the percentage of participants who formed equivalence classes, while presenting the stimulus sets in randomized order interfered with equivalence class formation. A further analysis found that a number of stimulus control topographies differentiated between individuals who did and did not form equivalence classes. In general, then, these experiments demonstrate that equivalence classes can be formed reliably when training and testing are conducted in an SP2R format, supporting the view that equivalence class formation can account for the development of conceptual categories in natural settings.
Glucocorticoid Compounds Modify Smoothened Localization and Hedgehog Pathway Activity

The Hedgehog signaling pathway is linked to a variety of diseases, notably a range of cancers. The first generation of drug screens identified Smoothened (Smo), a membrane protein essential for signaling, as an attractive drug target. Smo localizes to the primary cilium upon pathway activation, and this transition is critical for the response to Hedgehog ligands. In a high content screen directly monitoring Smo distribution in Hedgehog-responsive cells, we identified different glucocorticoids as specific modulators of Smo ciliary accumulation. One class promoted Smo accumulation, conferring cellular hypersensitivity to Hedgehog stimulation. In contrast, a second class inhibited Smo ciliary localization and signaling activity by both wild-type Smo, and mutant forms of Smo, SmoM2, and SmoD473H, that are refractory to previously identified Smo antagonists. These findings point to the potential for developing glucocorticoid-based pharmacological modulation of Smo signaling to treat mutated drug-resistant forms of Smo, an emerging problem in long-term cancer therapy. They also raise a concern about potential crosstalk of glucocorticoid drugs in the Hedgehog pathway, if therapeutic administration exceeds levels associated with on-target transcriptional mechanisms of glucocorticoid action.
Microscale Glass-Blown Three-Dimensional Spherical Shell Resonators

This paper introduces a new paradigm for design and batch fabrication of isotropic 3-D spherical shell resonators. The approach uses pressure and surface tension driven plastic deformation (glassblowing) on a wafer scale as a mechanism for creating inherently smooth and symmetric 3-D resonant structures. The feasibility of the new approach was demonstrated by fabrication and characterization of Pyrex glass spherical shell resonators with millimeter-scale diameter and average thickness of 10 μm . Metal electrodes cofabricated along with the shell were used to actuate the two dynamically balanced four- and six-node vibratory modes. For 1-MHz glass-blown resonators, the relative frequency mismatch Δf/f between the two degenerate four-node wineglass modes was measured as 0.63% without any trimming or tuning. For the higher order six-node wineglass modes, the relative frequency mismatch was only 0.2%, demonstrating the potential for precision manufacturing. The intrinsic manufacturing symmetry enabled by the technology may inspire new classes of high-performance 3-D MEMS for communication and inertial navigation.
Monitoring Insertion Force and Electrode Impedance during Implantation of Microwire Electrodes

The electrical impedance and the insertion force were monitored during the implantation of the microwire electrodes. The data reveals distinct phases in the force and impedance profiles corresponding to the different mediums the electrodes pass through. The impedance is shown to be linearly related to the pressure exerted by the electrode on the dura (p 0.8). While both insertion force and the impedance could be used to determine when the electrode touches and breaks through the brain surface, the latter, especially the phase angle of the impedance, is shown to be more consistent and sensitive. It is proposed that the electrode impedance be used to provide more objective and accurate estimation of 1) when the electrode touches the brain; 2) the load distribution among the wires of the microwire array, and 3) the mechanical and immunological interactions between the electrode and the tissue in-vivo. The method can potentially improve the accuracy of electrode placement, and enable the development of better surgical procedures and apparatus. The principle could also be applied to other situations, such as endoscopic and minimum invasive surgeries
Business Information Support for the Rubber Industry

Abstract This paper is a survey of the organizations which regularly provide business and economic information that concern the rubber and rubber products industry. The publications issued by various organizations are examined with detailed information on availability given in the references. The objective of this review is to provide an awareness of what sources are available rather than the retrieval of the information through the various database services. Among the organizations whose publications are mentioned are the International Rubber Study Group (IRSG), the International Institute of Synthetic Rubber Producers (IISRP) and the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA). Publications of commercial organizations such as Crain Communications, Lippincott and Peto, and Rapra Technology Ltd. are also included, as are sources of information from the U.S. Government. Internet sources are briefly reviewed.
A vision for the future of pharmacy residency training

Any vision for the future of residency training must be strongly connected with a vision for the profession as a whole. This article discusses the trends in health care and in health-system pharmacy that will affect the future of pharmacy residency training, potential changes in the future of
The Golden Section

(1895). The Golden Section. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 2, No. 9-10, pp. 260-264.
Fulminating meningitis with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

A three-monthold Caucasian girl was admitted 2½ hr. before death with a diagnosis of upper respiratory infection and with hemorrhagic areas over the face and extremities. Direct smears from spinal fluid removed at autopsy contained many intracellular Gram-negative diplococci. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was obtained after cultivation for 24 hr. Both direct and delayed fluorescent tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were positive. In addition, the oxidase test was positive, and fermentation reactions gave the following reactions: lactose, negative; sucrose, negative; maltose, negative; and dextrose, positive. Although gonorrheal meningitis is rare, the organism can produce a clinical picture similar to that resulting from Neisseria meningitidis .
The Effect of Political Skill and Social Network Structure on Innovation and Career Success

I examine how political skill affects employee career success as well as an employee’s ability to successfully initiate innovation within an organization. Integrating a sociopolitical view on innovation with the interactionist perspective on creativity and innovation, I find that employee political skill is positively related to both successful innovation initiation and career success, with successful innovation initiation mediating the relationship between political skill and career success. Moreover, I find that the number of structural holes an employee has in their social network moderates the relationship between political skill and successful innovation initiation such that the relationship is stronger when an employee has a network rich in structural holes. Hypotheses were tested in a large micro-processor manufacturing firm using a sample of 114 employees responsible for generating technological innovations in support of the development of computer microchips. Implications for theory and future re...
Protective effect of doxorubicin in vitamin C or dimethyl sulfoxide against skin ulceration in the pig

Background: Accidental extravasation of doxorubicin leads to skin necrosis and significant morbidity. Based on our previous work in the rat, we hypothesized that the free radical scavengers dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and vitamin C prevent doxorubicin-induced skin ulcers in white swine.
A Linear Programming Approach to Aggregate Scheduling

The article discusses the feasibility of using linear programming for production planning by a medium-sized truck body manufacturer. Linear programming was chosen due to the realism of the necessar...
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation of the Nitrogen Species in Photoactive Perfluorophenylazide-Modified Surfaces

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the nitrogen species in perfluorophenylazide (PFPA) self-assembled monolayers. PFPA chemistry is a novel immobilization method for tailoring the surface properties of materials. It is a simple route for the efficient immobilization of graphene, proteins, carbohydrates, and synthetic polymers onto a variety of surfaces. Upon light irradiation, the azido group in PFPA is converted to a highly reactive singlet nitrene species that readily undergoes CH insertion and C═C addition reactions. Here, the challenge of characterizing the PFPA-modified surfaces was addressed by detailed XPS experimental analyses. The three nitrogen peaks detected in the XPS N 1s spectra were assigned to amine/amide (400.5 eV) and azide (402.1 and 405.6 eV) species. The observed 2:1 ratio of the areas from the 402.1 to 405.6 eV peaks suggests the assignment of the peak at 402.1 eV to the two outer nitrogen atoms in the azido group and assignment of the peak at 405.6 eV to...
Analysis on the morbidity and mortality of ovary cancer and trends among residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,2002-2013

OBJECTIVE To analyze the morbidity and mortality of ovary cancer among female residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai and to provide a reference for the prevention and predicting the trends.METHODS The female residents of Pudong New Area in Shanghai were recruited in this study from 2002 to 2013.The mortalities in different groups were calculated and standardized(age-standardized rate,ASR)by the world female population of 1985 and the Chinese female population of 1982.The trends of ovary cancer percent changes(PC)and annual percent changes(APC)from2002to 2013 were analyzed by Join-point regression program.RESULTS The total of 1 455 ovary cancer cases diagnosed from 2002 to 2013accounted for 2.84% of the malignant tumors of women at the same period.The world ASR of incidence was 5.70 per 100 000person-year,and the China ASR was 4.83 per 100 000person-year.The morbidity has statistically significant downward trend(APC=-3.19%,z=3.184,P=0.009),the peak of incidence rate was occurred between 55 and 59years old,and there were obvious upward trends in 2stages,includes aged 0to 10 years old(PC=51.89%,z=7.51,P0.001)and 10 to 50years old(PC=6.98%,z=9.07,P0.001).The total of 762 ovary cancer patients dead between 2002 and 2013accounted for 2.51% of the malignant tumors of women at the same period.The world ASR(age-standardized rate)of mortality was 2.54 per 100 000person-year,and the China ASR was 1.94per100 000person-year.The mortality was steady(APC=0,z=-0.03,P=0.998).The peak of death rate was between 80 and 85years old,and there were obviously upward trend in mortality rate in aged 0to 45 years old(PC=17.26%,z=8.78,P0.001).CONCLUSIONS Mortality of ovary cancer in Pudong new area is steadly and its incidence has a statistically significant downward trend.We should ensure middle-aged women's health of ovary and strive for early detection of ovarian cancer to reduce its morbidity and mortality.
Comparison of results of slip method with culture ferment method in detection of E. coli

Objective: To compare the slip method with culture ferment method in the detection of E.coli and for improving the accuracy of judgment of detection results.Methods:Slip method was used for monitoring the contamination status of cooking uten-sils and the slipswere put into lactose bile salts broth tubes for confirmation of the detection results by using ferment method.The re-sults were statistically analyzed.Results:Based on the judgment standard of GB14934-94,the sensitivity and specificity of the slip method were 79.2% and 97.7%,respectively.But the sensitivity and specificity were,based on the standard proposed by the author,97.1% and 78.2%,respectively.The difference of the sensitivities was significant(P0.001).Conclusion:The standard for judgment of results in detection of E.coli be modified so as to improve the accuracy of detection.
Association of body mass index and waist circumference with subclinical atherosclerosis in retired NFL players.

OBJECTIVES: It is unknown which measure of adiposity (body mass index [BMI] or waist circumference [WC]) is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in retired National Football League (NFL) players and whether this relation is attenuated after adjusting for components of the metabolic syndrome (elevated triglycerides, fasting glucose, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C]) that frequently coexist with obesity. METHODS: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured in 926 retired NFL players. BMI was calculated as weight (in kilograms)/height (in meters)(2) and WC was measured in inches. Logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, race, systolic blood pressure, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglycerides, HDL-C, and fasting blood glucose were performed to evaluate whether BMI or WC was independently associated with the presence of CAC (CAC score >0). RESULTS: The median age, BMI and WC were 54 years, 31 kg/m(2), and 40 inches, respectively. CAC was present in 61% (n = 562) of retired players. Adjusting for age, race, systolic blood pressure, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglycerides, HDL-C, and fasting blood glucose, each standard deviation increase in BMI (4.85 kg/m(2)) was significantly associated with CAC (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.50), but each standard deviation increase in WC (10.53 inches) was not significantly associated with CAC (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.96-1.45). There was a significant association for the presence of CAC for highest versus lowest quartiles of both BMI (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.13-3.28) and WC (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.05-2.92), although the trend for the presence of CAC was significant only across increasing BMI quartiles, even in models that included WC. CONCLUSIONS: In retired NFL players both BMI and WC were associated with CAC. Higher BMI may be associated with an increasing trend for the presence of CAC independent of WC.
Composition and functionality of whey protein phospholipid concentrate and delactosed permeate

Whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC) and delactosed permeate (DLP) are 2 coproducts of cheese whey processing that are currently underused. Past research has shown that WPPC and DLP can be used together as a functional dairy ingredient in foods such as ice cream, soup, and caramel. However, the scope of the research has been limited to 1 WPPC supplier. The objective of this research was to fully characterize a range of WPPC. Four WPPC samples and 1 DLP sample were analyzed for chemical composition and functionality. This analysis showed that WPPC composition was highly variable between suppliers and lots. In addition, the functionality of the WPPC varies depending on the supplier and testing pH, and cannot be correlated with fat or protein content because of differences in processing. The addition of DLP to WPPC affects functionality. In general, WPPC has a high water-holding capacity, is relatively heat stable, has low foamability, and does not aid in emulsion stability. The gel strength and texture are highly dependent on the amount of protein. To be able to use these 2 dairy products, the composition and functionality must be fully understood.
A bird's eye view of civilians killed by police in 2015: further evidence of implicit bias

Research Summary We analyzed 990 police fatal shootings using data compiled by The Washington Post in 2015. After first providing a basic descriptive analysis of these shootings, we then examined the data for evidence of implicit bias by using multivariate regression models that predict two indicators of threat perception failure: (1) whether the civilian was not attacking the officer(s) or other civilians just before being fatally shot and (2) whether the civilian was unarmed when fatally shot. The results indicated civilians from “other” minority groups were significantly more likely than Whites to have not been attacking the officer(s) or other civilians and that Black civilians were more than twice as likely as White civilians to have been unarmed. Policy Implications We implore the U.S. government to move forward with its publication of a national police use-of-force database, including as much information about the officers involved as possible. We further suggest police departments use training programs and community activities to minimize implicit bias among their officers.
Novel colon cancer tumor suppressor gene, β-defensin 1, to predict recurrence in patients with stage II and III colon cancer.

3622 Background: Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) encoded by the DEFB1 gene is an antimicrobial peptide involved in the innate immune response and is expressed in epithelial cells, including the colon. hBD-1 has been shown to have tumor suppressor functions in urothelial cancer models. We tested whether 4 germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DEFB1 could predict time to tumor recurrence (TTR) in stage II and III colon cancer (CC) patients. We then sought to demonstrate if hBD-1 has tumor suppressor functions in CC models. Methods: A total of 234 patients, 105 stage II and 129 stage III, treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy at the University of Southern California were included. The median follow-up time was 4.4 yrs. SNPs were analyzed from whole blood samples using direct DNA-sequencing. To gain insight into hBD-1’s function, hBD-1 expression in CC cell lines was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. hBD-1 expression was induced ectopically and CC cells and viability, membrane permeability, c...
Presence of Vision Impairment and Risk of Hospitalization among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries

Purpose To examine the association between vision impairment and all-cause hospitalization among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Methods A population-based study (N = 22,681) of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey for the years 2001-2007. Beneficiaries were classified into self-reported presence of vision impairment versus no vision impairment. Inpatient hospitalizations were identified using Medicare claims data. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model examined the association between presence of vision impairment and time to first hospitalization within 3 years of survey entry after adjusting for sociodemographics, comorbidities, hearing impairment, and activity limitation stages derived from difficulty performing the activities of daily living. Results Medicare beneficiaries who self-reported the presence of vision impairment were significantly more likely to be hospitalized over 3 years compared to beneficiaries without vision impairment even after adjustment for potentially influential covariates (hazard ratio = 1.14 and 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.23). Conclusions Medicare beneficiaries with self-reported vision impairment were at higher risk of hospitalization during a 3-year period. Further research may identify reasons that are amenable to policy interventions.
It Takes a Village to Unmask HSTL.

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, McKinney and colleagues describe the genetics of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, a rare subtype of T-cell lymphoma with unique clinical characteristics. The findings, specifically frequent mutations of STAT5B, PIK3CD, and the histone methyltransferase SETD2, may help guide translational efforts to target this deadly disease. Cancer Discov; 7(4); 352-3. ©2017 AACR.See related article by McKinney et al., p. 369.
PD-1+CD28H+ selectively identifies for superior tumor-reactive T lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer (TUM7P.1013)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are enriched in tumor-specific T cells and have been used as a source for adaptive cell therapy (ACT) of cancer. TILs are a mixture of different T cell subsets with both anti-tumor and pro-tumor capacities. It is valuable to isolate potent tumor-reactive T cells while eliminating suppressor T cells from TILs to maximize anti-tumor immune response. CD28H is a newly discovered co-receptor of the B7 family that interacts with its ligand B7-H5 to costimulate human T cells. CD28H is constitutively expressed on native T cells. However, repetitive antigenic exposure induces the loss of CD28H expression in T cells. T cells that have lost CD28H have the phenotypic characteristics of terminally differentiated and replicative senescent cells. Here we characterized PBMCs and TILs from patients with pancreatic cancer based on the expression of CD28H and PD-1. We found that a subset of T cells, PD-1+CD28H+ (DP) cells, are exclusively enriched in TILs. Based on phenotypic and functional analysis, our preliminary results suggest that PD-1+CD28H+ cells represent a subset of superior tumor-reactive cells in TILs. By targeting these DP cells by CD28H agonistic mAb and/or with a PD-1 blocking antibody, we are expecting to reprogram TIL functions in human pancreatic cancer.
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Paraplegia: Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease has become a leading cause of death for patients with paraplegia. Acute myocardial infarction in patients with paraplegia has not been described in the literature. This study investigates clinical features, management strategies, and outcomes of these patients. Methods Acute myocardial infarction in patients with or without paraplegia was identified in the New York State Inpatient Database between 2007 and 2013. Clinical comorbidities, management strategies and their associated outcomes were compared using propensity score–matching analysis. Results Among 402,569 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 1400 had a concomitant diagnosis of paraplegia. Compared with those without, patients with paraplegia were younger, more likely to be black, and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, anemia, congestive heart failure, coagulopathy, and depression, but a lower prevalence of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, chronic lung disease, and renal failure. Patients with paraplegia were more likely to receive medical therapy without a diagnostic cardiac catheterization than those without (83.7% vs 64.5%, P P P P =.08), and higher hospital charges ($130,079 vs $92,125, P P P P Conclusions Acute myocardial infarction patients with concomitant paraplegia had distinct clinical characteristics and comorbidity profiles; were less likely to receive revascularization therapy; and had higher in-hospital mortality. Acute myocardial infarction patient with paraplegia who underwent revascularization were associated with better clinical outcomes, in particular, those who were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention had significantly lower in-hospital mortality than those treated with coronary artery bypass grafting.
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: Analyzing Internet-based Education Material.

Study design This is a cross-sectional study. Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the content of information available on the Internet regarding minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). Summary of background data Patients look to the Internet for quick and accessible information on orthopedic procedures to help guide their personal decision making process regarding the care they receive. However, the quality of internet-based orthopedic education material varies significantly with respect to accuracy and readability. Materials and methods The top 50 results were generated from each of 3 search engines (Google, Yahoo!, and Bing) using the search term "minimally invasive spine surgery." Results were categorized by authorship type and evaluated for their description of key factors such as procedural benefits, risks, and techniques. Comparisons between search engines and between authorship types were done using the Freeman-Halton extension for the Fisher exact test. The content of websites certified by Health on the Net Foundation (HONcode) was compared with those not HONcode certified. Results Of the 150 websites and videos, only 26% were authored by a hospital or university, whereas 50% were by a private physician or clinic. Most resources presented some benefits of MISS (84%, 126/150), but only 17% presented risks of the procedure (26/150). Almost half of all resources described the technique of MISS, but only 27% had thorough descriptions that included visual representations while 26% failed to describe the procedure. Only 12 results were HONcode certified, and 10 (83%) of these were authored by a medical industry company. Conclusions Internet-based resources on MISS provide inconsistent content and tend to emphasize benefits of MISS over risks.
Preserving process: conservation of a Helen Frankenthaler maquette for Card

Contemporary American print publishers, such as Universal Limited Art Editions (ULAE), collaborate with artists to produce prints using high quality materials for their editions. However, for devel...