cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Differences in Self-Esteem, Function, and Participation Between Adults With Low Cervical Motor Tetraplegia Who Use Power or Manual Wheelchairs

Abstract Hastings J, Robins H, Griffiths Y, Hamilton C. The differences in self-esteem, function, and participation between adults with low cervical motor tetraplegia who use power or manual wheelchairs. Objective To explore the differences between manual and power wheelchair users in terms of self-esteem, function, and participation in persons with a similar motor level of spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Descriptive cross-sectional study with a single data collection. Setting General community. Participants Participants (N=30) were a convenience sample of adults with self-reported C6 and C7 tetraplegia caused by SCI who are 1 or more years postinjury. Eighteen were manual chair users, and 12 were power chair users. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III) as a measure of function, and the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) as a measure of participation. Results There were no significant differences between manual and power chair users regarding age, time since injury, or length of initial rehabilitation stay. A significant difference was seen between wheelchair groups (F=2.677, P =.038). Multivariate analysis showed the differences to be in the SCIM III (F=11.088, P =.003) and the CHART subcategories Physical (F=7.402, P =.011), Mobility (F=12.894, P =.001), and Occupation (F=5.174, P =.031). Conclusions Manual wheelchair users demonstrated better physical function, mobility, and had a higher employment rate than power wheelchair users based on the SCIM III and CHART in this sample of adults with C6 or C7 motor level tetraplegia.
NEUROGENIC TUMORS OF THE MOUTH AND JAWS.

Abstract A study of neurogenic tumors of the oral cavity has been presented, and a simple classification of these neoplasms has been suggested. Our discussion of these interesting tumors has been based on a series of fifty cases. The study has included the clinical history, the histopathology, and the accepted treatment of these lesions.
Electron trapped in aqueous clathrates solid at room temperature

Abstract A preliminary pulse radiolytic study is reported on the specific form of solid-state water, i.e. aqueous clathrate (50% w/w of water), showing the transient presence of a trapped electron (e ???(aq) − ) with yields comparable to G ??? - in water. The e ???(aq) − has a maximum absorption at 620 nm and decays in two first-order overlapping processes with t 1 2 = 2–3 μs (fast component amounting to = 10% of all electrons) and t 1 2 = 160 μs (main part of the electrons). In the presence of N 2 O there is only one mode of decay observed, first order with t 1 2 = 5.3 μs.
Analysis of thin piezoelectric solids by the boundary element method

Abstract The piezoelectric boundary integral equation (BIE) formulation is applied to analyze thin piezoelectric solids, such as thin piezoelectric films and coatings, using the boundary element method (BEM). The nearly singular integrals existing in the piezoelectric BIE as applied to thin piezoelectric solids are addressed for the 2-D case. An efficient analytical method to deal with the nearly singular integrals in the piezoelectric BIE is developed to accurately compute these integrals in the piezoelectric BEM, no matter how close the source point is to the element of integration. Promising BEM results with only a small number of elements are obtained for thin films and coatings with the thickness-to-length ratio as small as 10 −6 , which is sufficient for modeling many thin piezoelectric films as used in smart materials and micro-electro-mechanical systems.
Depression and the onset of chronic illness in older adults: a 12-year prospective study.

The relationship between depression and development of chronic illness among older adults is not well understood. This study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to evaluate the relationship between depression at baseline and new onset of chronic illnesses including cancer, heart problems, arthritis, and diabetes. Analysis controlling for demographics (age, gender, race, education), health risk indicators (BMI and smoking), functional limitations (gross motor index, health limitations for work), and income show that working-age older people (ages 50–62) with depression at baseline are at significantly higher risk to develop diabetes, heart problems, and arthritis during the 12-year follow-up. No significant association was found between depression and cancer. Prevention efforts aimed at chronic illnesses among the elderly should recognize the mind–body interaction and focus on preventing or alleviating depression.
String tension scaling in high-temperature confined SU(N) gauge theories

$SU(N)$ gauge theories, extended with adjoint fermions having periodic boundary conditions, are confining at high temperature for sufficiently light fermion mass $m$. In the high-temperature confining region, the one-loop effective potential for Polyakov loops has a $Z(N)$-symmetric confining minimum. String tensions associated with Polyakov loops are calculable in perturbation theory, and display a novel scaling behavior in which higher representations have smaller string tensions than the fundamental representation. In the magnetic sector, the Polyakov loop plays a role similar to a Higgs field, leading to an apparent breaking of $SU(N)$ to $U(1{)}^{N\ensuremath{-}1}$. This in turn yields a dual effective theory where magnetic monopoles give rise to string tensions for spatial Wilson loops. The spatial string tensions arise semiclassically from kink solutions of the dual system. We prove that the spatial string tensions ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{k}^{(s)}$ associated with each $N$-ality $k$ are constrained by a rigorous upper bound. This bound is saturated for $N=2$ and 3, but is insufficient to determine the spatial string tension scaling law for $N\ensuremath{\ge}4$. Lattice simulations indicate that the high-temperature confining region is smoothly connected to the confining region of low-temperature pure $SU(N)$ gauge theory. However, our results show that the string tension scaling behavior of the low-temperature region does not hold for the electric sector in the high-temperature region, and may not hold in the magnetic sector. The predicted change in the behavior of the electric sector should be readily distinguishable in lattice simulations.
Interocular suppression in adults and infants using anaglyphic stimuli: visually evoked potential measures☆

Interocular suppression, assessed by monocular VEP amplitude reduction, was investigated in 3 infants, average age of 3 months, and 8 adults. A dichoptic simultaneous masking paradigm was employed, the two eyes being disassociated by red and green filters which transmitted non-overlapping wave lengths of light (anaglyphic method). One eye was continuously presented with either darkness, a diffuse green light, or two green dot patterns, containing either 20' or 80' dots. The other eye was flashed with either red diffuse light, a red 20' dot pattern, or a red 80' dot pattern. In both adults and infants, monocular VEP amplitude was reduced as the size of the continuously presented dots increased (pattern suppression) and a smaller amplitude response occurred when dots of equal size were presented than when data of different size were presented (size-specific suppression). The relative and absolute magnitudes of interocular pattern suppression were similar for adults and infants. However, the relative and absolute magnitudes of size-specific suppression were larger for adults than for infants. Pattern interocular suppression was inferred to be relatively more mature in 3 month olds than size-specific suppression. The relative lack of size-specific suppression suggests a relative immaturity of binocular spatial frequency or size channels.
Identification of γ-tubulin, a new member of the tubulin superfamily encoded by mipA gene of Aspergillus nidulans

MlCROTUBULES, which are essential for mitosis and many other cytoskeletal functions, are composed primarily of α- and β-tubulin. The properties of microtubules are due, in part, to proteins other than tubulins that are part of, or interact with, microtubules and the identification and characterization of such proteins is important to understanding how microtubules function. Analyses of mutations at the mipA (microtubule interacting protein) locus of Aspergillus nidulans have suggested that the product of mipA interacts specifically, probably physically, with β-tubulin in vivo and is involved in microtubule function1. We have cloned and sequenced the wild-type mipA gene as well as complementary DNA copies of its messenger RNA. Comparisons of the predicted product of mipA with tubulins from diverse organisms reveal that mipA is a previously undiscovered member of the tubulin superfamily of genes; the only member yet discovered that does not encode α-or β-tubulin. We propose that the product of mipA be called β-tubulin.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin-B-induced lethal shock in mice is T-cell-dependent, but disease susceptibility is defined by the non-T-cell compartment.

Here we introduce a murine model for SEB-induced lethal shock that relies on the administration of SEB alone and does not involve hepatotoxicity by avoiding pretreatment with the hepatotoxin D-galactosamine. In the absence of D-gal, we first identified SEB-susceptible and -resistant H-2(k)-congenic mouse strains. In contrast with what is well established for the classic D-gal-dependent model and what therefore is anticipated for the human disease, the levels of TNF produced did not define susceptibility in our model. The SEB-induced TNF response in vitro and in vivo was stronger in resistant B10.BR mice than in susceptible C3H/HeJ mice. Neither the magnitude nor the quality of the T cell response induced by SEB defined susceptibility. Adoptive transfer experiments in C3H-SCID recipient mice demonstrated that induction of the disease is T-cell-dependent. T cells from resistant and susceptible mice both transferred disease susceptibility to H-2(k)-congenic C3H-SCID mice, indicating that disease susceptibility is downstream from T cell activation, at the level of the target organ itself, which responds differently to T-cell-induced inflammation.
A comparative study of tablet disintegrating agents.

A comparative study has been made of disintegrating agents commonly used in tablet manufacture. In addition to the accepted agents used by the pharmaceutical industries, some new agents were studied. Tablets were compressed including various disintegrating agents. These tablets were tested for time of disintegration immediately after manufacture and after aging. The results indicate that two new agents, sponge and citrus pulp, compare favorably with those agents commonly used in the tablet manufacturing industry. Data from aging tests indicate loss in disintegrating power by some agents at elevated and normal temperatures, but little effect at reduced temperature.
The maternal effect of lethal(1)discs-large-1: a recessive oncogene of Drosophila melanogaster

The maternal effect phenotypes of recessive mutations at the Drosophila zygotic lethal gene l(1)discs-large-1 (l(1)dlg-1) are described. L(1)dlg-1 is located in 10B7-8 on the salivary gland chromosome map. A complex complementation pattern is observed among the nine characterized alleles. Larvae missing zygotic l(1)dlg-1+ gene activity die due to aberrant growth of imaginal cells at the larval-pupal transition. Embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic activity of l(1)dlg-1+, i.e., embryos derived from homozygous l(1)dlg-1 germ line clones for null alleles, show neurogenesis and morphogenesis defects that result in very abnormal embryos. Although differentiated, most tissues are morphologically misshapen. This maternal effect is rescuable to some extent. One allele, l(1)dlg-1HF321, is a temperature-sensitive mutation for the zygotic lethality. Embryos derived from homozygous l(1)dlg-1HF321 females at 18 degrees C exhibit defects associated with dorsal closure and head involution. More extreme phenotypes are observed when females are shifted to higher temperatures and include defective dorsal closure, collapse of the somatic musculature, and an oversized central nervous system. The possible involvement of the recessive oncogene l(1)dlg-1 in cell adhesion is discussed.
Beware of primate life history data: a plea for data standards and a repository.

Life history variables such as the age at first reproduction and the interval between consecutive births are measures of investment in growth and reproduction in a particular population or species. As such they allow for meaningful comparisons of the speed of growth and reproduction between species and between larger taxa. Especially in primates such life history research has far reaching implications and has led for instance to the “grandmother hypothesis”. Other links have been proposed with respect to dietary adaptations: Because protein is essential for growth and one of the primary sources of protein, leaves, occurs much less seasonally than fruits, it has been predicted that folivorous primates should grow faster compared to frugivorous ones. However, when comparing folivorous Asian colobines with frugivorous Asian macaques we recently documented a longer, instead of a shorter gestation length in folivores while age at first reproduction and interbirth interval did not differ. This supports earlier findings for Malagasy lemurs in which all life history variables tested were significantly longer in folivores compared to frugivores. Wondering why these trends were not apparent sooner, we tried to reconstruct our results for Asian primates with data from four popular life history compilations. However, this attempt failed; even the basic, allometric relationship with adult female body mass that is typical for life history variables could not be recovered. This negative result hints at severe problems with data quality. Here we show that data quality can be improved significantly by standardizing the variables and by controlling for factors such as nutritional conditions or infant mortality. Ideally, in the future, revised primate life history data should be collated in a central database accessible to everybody. In the long run such an initiative should be expanded to include all mammalian species.
Solution structures of spinach acyl carrier protein with decanoate and stearate

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a cofactor in a variety of biosynthetic pathways, including fatty acid metabolism. Thus, it is of interest to determine structures of physiologically relevant ACP-fatty acid complexes. We report here the NMR solution structures of spinach ACP with decanoate (10:0-ACP) and stearate (18:0-ACP) attached to the 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group. The protein in the fatty acid complexes adopts a single conformer, unlike apo- and holo-ACP, which interconvert in solution between two major conformers. The protein component of both 10:0- and 18:0-ACP adopts the four-helix bundle topology characteristic of ACP, and a fatty acid binding cavity was identified in both structures. Portions of the protein close in space to the fatty acid and the 4'-phosphopantetheine were identified using filtered/edited NOESY experiments. A docking protocol was used to generate protein structures containing bound fatty acid for 10:0- and 18:0-ACP. In both cases, the predominant structure contained fatty acid bound down the center of the helical bundle, in agreement with the location of the fatty acid binding pockets. These structures demonstrate the conformational flexibility of spinach ACP and suggest how the protein changes to accommodate its myriad binding partners.
Finite extensions of A-solvable abelian groups

An abelian group G is almost A-solvable if the natural mapG: Hom(A;G) � E(A) A → G is a quasi-isomorphism. Two strongly indecomposable torsion-free abelian groups A and B of 3nite rank are quasi-isomorphic if and only if the classes of almost A-solvable and almost B-solvable groups coincide. Homological properties of almost A-solvable groups are described, and several examples are given. In particular, there exists a torsion-free almost A-solvable group which is not quasi-isomorphic to an A-solvable group. c
The Orphan Nuclear Receptor Rev-erbα Regulates Circadian Expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a major physiologic regulator of the fibrinolytic system and has recently gained recognition as a modulator of inflammation and atherosclerosis. PAI-1 exhibits circadian rhythmicity in its expression, peaking in the early morning, which is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. However, the mechanisms that determine PAI-1 circadian rhythmicity remain poorly understood. We discovered that the orphan nuclear receptor Reverbα, a core component of the circadian loop, represses human PAI-1 gene expression through two Rev-erbα binding sites in the PAI-1 promoter. Mutations of these sites, as well as RNA interference targeting endogenous Rev-erbα and its corepressors, led to increased expression of the PAI-1 gene. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) contributes to pai-1 repression by phosphorylating and stabilizing Rev-erbα protein, which can be blocked by lithium. Interestingly, serum shock generated circadian oscillations in PAI-1 mRNA in NIH3T3 cells, suggesting that PAI-1 is a direct output gene of the circadian loop. Ectopic expression of a stabilized form of Rev-erbα that mimics GSK3β phosphorylation dramatically dampened PAI-1 circadian oscillations. Thus, our results suggest that Rev-erbα is a major determinant of the circadian PAI-1 expression and a potential modulator of the morning susceptibility to myocardial infarction.
Centrifugiation-enhanced retroviral gene transduction of human CD34+ cells in retronectintm-coated gas permeable x-foldtm containers

Abstract One of the limiting factors in human gene therapy using retroviral vectors is the low efficiency of gene transfer into targeted cells. We developed a simple method to enhance fibronectin-assisted transduction of CD34 + cells by centrifugation of cells in gas permeable closed-system containers. CD34 + cells (95% purity) selected from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood using experimental software on the Isolex R 300i system (Nexell) were pre-cultured in X-VIVO 10 TM (BioWhittaker) with Flt-3L, G-CSF, IL-3, and SCF (complete media) CD34 + cells were then exposed to low-titer green fluorescent protein (GFP) retrovirus supernatants (∼5 × 10 5 transducing units/mL) in 85 cm 2 Lifecell R X-Fold TM bags (Nexell) precoated with a recombinant fibronectin fragment (RetroNectin TM (RN); Takara Shuzo). Bags were centrifuged horizontally in a microtiter plate carrier at 1000 × g for up to 40 minutes and cultured overnight at 37°C. Using RN-coated bags, mean CFP expression levels in cells were 1.8-fold higher in centrifuged bags (17.15%) compared to non-centrifuged bags (9.6%), and ∼20-fold higher than cells transduced without RN or centrifugation (0.84%) (n = 5). Maximum expression levels were achieved at 10 minutes of centrifugation. These data indicate that short-duration, low-speed centrifugation in RetroNectin TM coated Lifecell R X-Fold TN bags improves gene transduction levels using low titer retroviral supernatants.
A mössbauer and weight-loss study of a lithium corroded austenitic stainless steel

A backscatter Mossbauer technique for measurement of ferrite layer depths on lithium-corroded austenitic stainless steel is described. Preliminary results for high temperature tests are analyzed in view of previous weight loss studies. The effect of ferrite layer formation in relation to dissolution mechanisms is briefly discussed.
Vertical Bridgman growth of Cd(1-x)Zn(x)Te for room temperature radiation detectors

Low pressure Electro-Dynamic Gradient freeze (EDG) method has been used to grow compensated, high resistivity Cd(1-x)ZnxTe for x and gamma ray detectors. All growths contained excess Tellurium which is added to the growth. Ampoule design and setup to limit vapor transport was determined to be important. Ingots grown in a Pyrolitic Coated Graphite crucible are shown to provide a good response to ionizing radiation at room temperature and can be used multiple times. The highest doping levels of Aluminum are shown to improve mobility lifetime products for electrons and average 8.7x10-4 cm2/V at 0.5 μsecond shaping fitting the Hecht relation.
Biogeochemistry of benz(a)anthracene at the sediment-water interface

Abstract Two recirculating microcosms were used to study the fate of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benz(a)anthracene (BA) near the sediment-water interface. In the absence of direct sunlight, degradation of 14C-labeled BA added to the water column was followed in the water column, in the sediment reservoir, and in the polychaete Nephtys incisa . Extensive metabolism of BA was observed in all components of the system.
Children’s developing understanding of what and how they learn

What do children know about learning? Children between 4 and 10 years of age were asked what they thought the word learning meant and then engaged in a structured interview about what kinds of things they learned and how they learned those things. Most of the 4- and 5-year-olds' responses to these questions indicated a lack of awareness about the nature of learning or how learning occurs. In contrast, the 8- to 10-year-olds showed a strong understanding of learning as a process and could often generate explicit metacognitive responses indicating that they understood under what circumstances learning would occur. The 6- and 7-year-olds were in a transitional stage between these two levels of understanding. We discuss the implications of this development with children's theory-of-mind development more generally.
Experimental observation of lag synchronization in coupled chaotic systems

Chaotic lag synchronization is a subtle dynamical phenomenon in which the states of two mutually coupled, nonidentical chaotic oscillators follow each other with a fixed time delay. We investigate to what extent lag synchronization can be observed in laboratory experiments. Our measurements indicate that due to the influence of noise, lag synchronization appears to occur intermittently in time. Numerical confirmation and a heuristic explanation to the observed intermittent behavior are given.
Taking thalidomide out of rehab.

Thalidomide, a drug reviled in the 1960s for its teratogenic effects, has been revived in recent years for cancer and leprosy therapy. A study now finds another use for this drug in vascular disease, providing further insights into the drug's mechanisms of action (pages 420–428).
Tension between gauge coupling unification, the Higgs boson mass, and a gauge-breaking origin of the supersymmetric μ-term

We investigate the possibility of generating the $\ensuremath{\mu}$-term in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) by the condensation of a field that is a singlet under the standard model (SM) gauge group but charged under an additional family-independent $U(1{)}_{X}$ gauge symmetry. We attempt to do so while preserving the gauge coupling unification of the MSSM. For this, we find that SM nonsinglet exotics must be present in the spectrum. We also prove that the pure $U(1{)}_{X}$ anomalies can always be solved with rationally charged fields, but that a large number of SM singlets are often required. For $U(1{)}_{X}$ charges that are consistent with an embedding of the MSSM in $SU(5)$ or $SO(10)$, we show that the $U(1{)}_{X}$ charges of the MSSM states can always be expressed as a linear combination of Abelian subgroups of ${E}_{6}$. However, the SM exotics do not appear to have a straightforward embedding into grand-unified theory multiplets. We conclude from this study that if this approach to the $\ensuremath{\mu}$-term is correct, as experiment can probe, it will necessarily complicate the standard picture of supersymmetric grand unification.
Student characteristics as predictors of teachers' implementation of a kindergarten readiness program.

Recent years have seen increasing numbers of classroom-based interventions designed to enhance the school readiness of at-risk preschoolers. Even the most comprehensive, well-designed programs can suffer from limited effectiveness due to low-frequency implementation by teachers. The current study presents findings from the Building Bridges (BB) project, an integrated program targeting school readiness in Head Start and low-income child care centers. Previous studies have reported the role of teacher-level and program-level characteristics in predicting teacher implementation of an intervention. The present study examines the role of student characteristics—language and math ability, social skills, and behavioral functioning—in predicting implementation exposure. These associations were examined in the context of program type (Head Start, child care) and intervention condition (consultation, no consultation). 88 classrooms (41 Head Start, 47 child care) participated in the BB intervention. Implementation exposure was predicted by several distinct student characteristics. Teachers whose students exhibited poorer language skills implemented significantly more BB activities, a finding that was consistent across program types and intervention conditions. A marginally significant trend was identified for oppositional behavior when interacted with intervention group in that teachers whose students demonstrated higher rates of oppositional behavior implemented fewer intervention activities when they did not have a consultant. Teachers in child care centers with a BB consultant had higher rates of implementation than did teachers in all other groups. These findings provide important information regarding the student-level characteristics that should be evaluated in order to optimize implementation of an intervention.
Arriving on Time

This research proposes a procedure for identifying dynamic routing policies in stochastic transportation networks. It addresses the problem of maximizing the probability of arriving on time. Given a current location (node), the goal is to identify the next node to visit so that the probability of arriving at the destination by time t or sooner is maximized, given the probability density functions for the link travel times. The Bellman principle of optimality is applied to formulate the mathematical model of this problem. The unknown functions describing the maximum probability of arriving on time are estimated accurately for a few sample networks by using the Picard method of successive approximations. The maximum probabilities can be evaluated without enumerating the network paths. The Laplace transform and its numerical inversion are introduced to reduce the computational cost of evaluating the convolution integrals that result from the successive approximation procedure.
Hormones for control of livestock arthropods. Development of an assay to select candidate compounds with juvenile hormone activity in the stable fly.

Procedures were developed to screen candidate compounds for juvenile hormone activity in Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Two synthetic compounds, methyl trans trans 10, 11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethy 1-2,6-dodecadicnoate (SJH I) and trans-4-[(6,7-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl)oxy]-1,2-(methylenedioxy) benzene (SJH II); and 4 insecticidal synergists, Niagara NIA-16388 (propyl 2-propynyl phenylphosphonate), piperonyl butoxide, sesamex, and sulfoxide, had high juvenile hormone activity; MGK 264® (N-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-norbomene-2,3-dicarboximide) was inactive. One-tenth part per million of SJH II produced pupal-adult intermediates when it was applied to 0-hr-old pupae, but 100,000 ppm had no effect on pupae 96 hr old or older.
CONTINUOUS PH MONITORING OF THE DISTAL ESOPHAGUS (CPHM); A COMPARISON OF 8 AND 12 HOUR VERSUS 18–24 HOUR VALUES

CONTINUOUS PH MONITORING OF THE DISTAL ESOPHAGUS (CPHM); A COMPARISON OF 8 AND 12 HOUR VERSUS 18–24 HOUR VALUES
Diastereoselective reduction of β-hydroxyketones with amineboranes in the presence of lithium perchlorate

Abstract The reduction of β-hydroxyketones with amineboranes in the presence of lithium perchlorate produces the corresponding anti 1,3-diols as major products.
Inelastic response of solids described by implicit constitutive relations with nonlinear small strain elastic response

Abstract We develop a model to describe the inelastic response of bodies that exhibit non-linear response even in the small strain regime. We introduce a new approach to modeling the inelastic response of materials by gainfully exploiting the discontinuity of the functions that appear in the constitutive relations to describe a plethora of inelastic responses that have been observed. The model that has been developed and its generalizations can be used to describe the response of geomaterials such as clay and rocks, traditional materials such as Aluminum and several polymeric solids, as well as modern intermetallic alloys.
Mass spectra of organometallic compounds—IX: Compounds with metal‐metal bonds

The mass spectra of the following compounds have been investigated: (i) The organotin derivatives (CH3)3SnMo(CO)3C5H5 and (CH3)3SnNCW(CO)5; (ii) The mercury derivatives Hg[Mn(CO)5]2, Hg[Co(CO)4]2, Hg[Mo(CO)3C5H5]2 and ClHgMo(CO)3C5H5; (iii) The polynuclear cyclopentadienyl metal derivatives [C5H5Ru(CO)2]2, [C5H5Cr(CO)3]2, [C5H5Cr(NO)2]2 and [C5H5Fe-CO]4; (iv) The trinuclear cobalt carbonyl derivatives YCCo3(CO)9 (Y = Cl and CH3); (v) The binuclear triene-iron carbonyl derivatives C4H4Fe2(CO)6 and C8H10Fe2(CO)6. The mass spectra of the trimethyltin derivatives exhibited stepwise loss of methyl groups as well as of carbonyl groups. The mass spectra of the mercury derivatives exhibited the facile loss of mercury. The mass spectrum of [C5H5Cr(CO)3]2 indicated a very weak chromium-chromium bond since it exhibited no ion containing two chromium atoms. The mass spectrum of the nitrosyl derivative [C5H5Cr(NO)2]2 exhibited the stepwise loss of its four nitrosyl groups. The mass spectrum of [C5H5FeCO]4 was rather complex and exhibited a variety of unusual processes including eliminations of neutral Fe and C5H5Fe fragments. Unusual ions observed in the mass spectrum of CH3CCo3(CO)9 include the bare polymetallic ions [Con]+ (n = 3 and 2). Many examples of the elimination of neutral CO, C2H2 and H2 fragments were noted in this work.
APPLYING BAKHTIN SCHOLARSHIP ON DISCOURSE IN EDUCATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW ESSAY

Recently, Bakhtinian philologists have charged scholars of education with misapplying Bakhtin’s scholarship in their field. In this critical essay, Eugene Matusov reviews two recent edited collections relevant to this issue: Arnetha F. Ball and Sarah Warshauer Freedman’s Bakhtinian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning and Bonny Norton and Kelleen Toohey’s Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning. He uses these texts to consider whether Bakhtin has been misapplied in education, how and whether Bakhtin’s literary scholarship can be useful for education, and how education can inform Bakhtinian scholarship. Matusov shows that the philologists' critique of educational scholars is grounded but unjustifiably all-encompassing. Finally, he problematizes whether Bakhtin’s notions of dialogism and internally persuasive discourse are compatible with institutionalized education.
Ionizing Radiation, Cancer Induction and Radioactive Fallout

I would like to discuss (a) how important discoveries over the last 100 years help to quantify the risk of cancer in populations exposed to man-made sources of ionizing radiation, and (b) how periodic episodes of contamination of the environment with radioactive elements have created public health problems.
The congruency sequence effect emerges when the distracter precedes the target

The congruency effect in distracter interference tasks is typically smaller when the previous trial was incongruent as compared to congruent, suggesting the operation of a control process that minimizes the influence of irrelevant stimuli on behavior. However, both the conditions under which this congruency sequence effect (CSE) can be most easily observed without the typical learning and memory confounds, and the control process underlying it, remain controversial. We therefore tested a recent hypothesis that the CSE is most easily observed without the typical confounds when the distracter is processed before the target. In line with this "distracter head start" hypothesis, in Experiments 1 and 2 the CSE was larger when the distracter appeared before, relative to with, the target. Further, in Experiment 3, we observed a negative congruency effect after incongruent trials when a long interval separated the distracter from the target, consistent with a modulation of the response engendered by the distracter but not with a shift of attention toward the target. These findings reveal an important determinant of CSE magnitude when the typical learning and memory confounds are absent and new insights into the nature of control processes that contribute to this phenomenon.
Making memories: applying user input logs to interface design and evaluation

In this paper, we describe our approach to designing interface components that automate the logging of user input. These recorded logs of user-system interactions can serve as a basis for usability assessment, and we present here the usability measures that can be automatically derived from this logged data. Making user logs an integral component of the system data model extends their usefulness beyond providing information on user behavior. In our prototype, logs are used for creating a more collaborative interface by increasing the system's contextual awareness of user interactions.
Reduction of Flow-Induced Blood Damage in Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves Through Passive Flow Control

Bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs), though a life-saving device in treating heart valve disease, are often associated with several complications including a high risk of hemolysis, platelet activation, and thromboembolism. To address this risk, patients must undergo prophylactic anticoagulation therapy. One likely cause of this hyper-coagulative state is the nonphysiologic levels of stress experienced by the erythrocytes and platelets flowing through the BMHVs. Research has shown that the combination of shear stress magnitude and exposure time found in the highly transient leakage jet emanating from the b-datum gap during valve closure is sufficient to cause hemolysis and platelet activation [1–3]. Reducing the shear stresses experienced by the blood flowing through the b-datum gap during valve closure may therefore reduce the prevalence of valve-related blood damage. Such shear stress reduction could be achieved by passive flow control, in particular vortex generators, incorporated onto the BMHV leaflet surface. Vortex generators have been used to control shear flows in various aerodynamic applications, and it is thus thought that their application to mechanical heart valve leaflet surfaces may reduce shear stresses by creating streamwise vortices that will serve to dissipate the regurgitant jet originating from the b-datum gap at the time of valve closure.© 2008 ASME
Dietary Patterns and Endometrial Cancer Risk in the California Teachers Study Cohort

Purpose Information on the role of dietary patterns and endometrial cancer risk is limited. We investigated whether dietary patterns are associated with endometrial cancer risk among women in the California Teachers Study cohort.
Multiparity Evaluation of Calving Ease and Stillbirth with Separate Genetic Effects by Parity

Evaluations that analyze first and later parities as correlated traits were developed separately for calving ease (CE) from over 15 million calving records of Holsteins, Brown Swiss, and Holstein-Brown Swiss crossbreds and for stillbirth (SB) from 7.4 million of the Holstein CE records. Calving ease was measured on a scale of 1 (no difficulty) to 5 (difficult birth); SB status was designated as live or dead within 48 h. Scores for CE and SB were transformed separately for each trait by parity (first or later) and calf sex (male or female) and converted to a unit standard deviation scale. For variance component estimation, Holstein data were selected for the 2,968 bulls with the most records as sire or maternal grandsire (MGS). Six samples were selected by herd; samples ranged in size from 97,756 to 146,138 records. A multiparity sire-MGS model was used to calculate evaluations separately for CE and for SB with first and later parities as correlated traits. Fixed effects were year-season, calf sex, and sire and MGS birth years; random effects were herd-year interaction, sire, and MGS. For later parities, sex effects were separated by parity. The genetic correlation between first and later parities was 0.79 for sire and 0.81 for MGS for CE, and 0.83 for sire and 0.74 for MGS for SB. For national CE evaluations, which also include Brown Swiss, a fixed effect for breed was added to the model. Correlations between solutions on the underlying scale from the January 2008 USDA CE evaluation with those from the multiparity analysis for CE were 0.89 and 0.91 for first- and later-parity sire effects and 0.71 and 0.88 for first- and later-parity MGS effects; the larger value for later parity reflects that later parities comprised 64% of the data. Corresponding correlations for SB were 0.81 and 0.82 for first- and later-parity sire effects and 0.46 and 0.83 for first- and later-parity MGS effects, respectively. Correlations were higher when only bulls with a multiparity reliability of >65% were included. The multiparity analysis accounted for genetic differences in calving performance between first and later parities. Evaluations should become more stable as the portion of a bull's observations from different parities changes over his lifetime. Accuracy of the net merit index can be improved by adjusting weights to use evaluations for separate parities optimally.
Squamous carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus

A patient with squamous cell carcinoma arising from an extensive pilonidal sinus was treated with wide local excision, resulting in an apparent cure over a 1-year follow-up period. Review of the literature revealed 32 previously reported cases of this entity. Forty-four percent of these patients developed recurrences or metastases, and 22% died of their disease. The largest historical treatment group with at least 1-year follow-up (19 patients with localized disease) underwent wide excision. Forty-two percent of these patients recurred or developed metastases. Ultimately, 89.5% of these patients were reported cured, but only five survivors were followed for as long as 5 years. Historical experience appears to identify pilonidal tract squamous carcinoma as an aggressive tumor. The reported success of wide local excision is based on a small number of patients followed for short periods of time. Continued experience with this disease should be reported to verify the adequacy of local excision or identify the need for adjunctive therapy.
Contagious yawning and infant imitation

Several authors have suggested that the neonate’s presumed ability to imitate the facial expressions or gestures of adult models may be the result of ethological fixed action patterns released by sign stimuli. Contagious yawning of adults is a precedent for such a facial fixed action pattern (i.e., a yawn) triggered by a facial stimulus (i.e., an observed yawn). Contagious yawning is an easily studied pseudoimitative act which can provide insights into both the problem of infant imitation and the more general issues concerning the detection and processing of information about faces. Contagious yawning also provides a reliable classroom demonstration of released behavior that always generates student interest and participation.
Awareness, verbal conditioning and psychophysical misjudgments.

Abstract The present study evaluated the role of awareness in the verbal conditioning of changes in size estimation. Twenty male Ss were reinforced with “Correct” for each circle diameter estimate that was greater than a preconditioning estimate; twenty Ss were similarly reinforced for each smaller estimate. Subjects who were aware that they changed their estimates in the same direction as the reinforcement showed significant conditioning effects. Subjects not aware of the contingency showed either no effects, or performance changes opposite to the direction of reinforcement but consistent with their erroneous hypotheses. No evidence for learning without awareness was found.
The Association of Kindergarten Entry Age with Early Literacy Outcomes

ABSTRACT The authors investigated whether age at kindergarten entry was associated with early literacy achievement gaps and if these gaps persisted over time. Using the kindergarten age eligibility cutoff date, they created 2 groups of students who represented the oldest and youngest children in a cohort of students in high-poverty, low-performing schools. The authors followed 405 students from the beginning of kindergarten until the end of Grade 2. Results indicated that the youngest students scored lower than their oldest peers at the beginning of kindergarten on various early literacy measures. The early-age achievement gap, however, narrowed over time but did not close completely by the end of Grade 2. Implications for parents and educators are discussed.
A framework for scalable delivery of digitized spaces

We present a framework for scalable delivery of digitized environments. Today’s digital museums distribute images, text, sounds, and videos. Our work targets the distribution of a more advanced media type that allows users to independently and interactively explore digitized spaces. We describe a multidimensional and multiresolutional representation that maps directly to a set of communication channels. Clients receive data by subscribing to and unsubscribing from these channels. Client adaptation to current application and network conditions is performed by managing a working set of channels. This mechanism enables distribution of digitized environments to large groups of independent digital museum visitors.
Resource Allocation for Wireless Fading Relay Channels: Max-Min Solution

Resource allocation is investigated for fading relay channels under separate power constraints at the source and relay nodes. As a basic information-theoretic model for fading relay channels, the parallel relay channel is first studied, which consists of multiple independent three-terminal relay channels as subchannels. Lower and upper bounds on the capacity are derived, and are shown to match, and thus establish the capacity for the parallel relay channel with degraded subchannels. This capacity theorem is further demonstrated via the Gaussian parallel relay channel with degraded subchannels, for which the synchronized and asynchronized capacities are obtained. The capacity-achieving power allocation at the source and relay nodes among the subchannels is partially characterized for the synchronized case and fully characterized for the asynchronized case. The fading relay channel is then studied, which is based on the three-terminal relay channel with each communication link being corrupted by a multiplicative fading gain coefficient as well as an additive Gaussian noise term. For each link, the fading state information is assumed to be known at both the transmitter and the receiver. The source and relay nodes are allowed to allocate their power adaptively according to the instantaneous channel state information. The source and relay nodes are assumed to be subject to separate power constraints. For both the full-duplex and half-duplex cases, power allocations that maximize the achievable rates are obtained. In the half-duplex case, the power allocation needs to be jointly optimized with the channel resource (time and bandwidth) allocation between the two orthogonal channels over which the relay node transmits and receives. Capacities are established for fading relay channels that satisfy certain conditions.
Reclaiming our heritage: connecting the Founding Vision to the Centennial Vision.

I� amdelightedtohavethepleasureofexploringwithyoutheFounding Visionof � occupationaltherapy. � AstheCentennial Visionispoisedtoleadtheprofession � inthebeginningofthe � 21stcentury, � Iwouldliketotakeusbackintimetothe � earlyyearsofthe � 20thcentury, � whentheprofessionofoccupationaltherapywas � founded. � Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthatfoundingperiodandnow. � Inthis � lecture, � Iwillexaminetheideasandvaluesthatunderliethevisionarticulatedby � thefoundinggenerationofoccupationaltherapistsanddescribethesimilarities � anddifferencesbetweentheFounding VisionandtheCentennial Vision. � Ipropose � thatthecommonalitieswithinthetwovisionscreatecontinuitybetweenourpast � andpresent—thattheCentennial Visiondoesnotrepresentanewsetofvaluesbut � ratherbuildsonvaluesthattheprofessionhasheldsinceitsinceptionin � 1917. � Itisthepurposeofhistorytoelucidateconnectionsinthehopethatwecan � learnfromourrichpastandfeelmorerelatedtoit. � Understandingtheconnection � betweenthevaluesarticulatedintheFounding Visionandthoseexpressedinthe � Centennial Visioncangivepractitionersoftodayasenseofcontinuityandcom- munitywithearliergenerationsofoccupationaltherapistsandanunderstanding � thatmanyofthecontemporaryvalueswecurrentlyholdwerefirstarticulatedby � occupationaltherapy'sfoundinggenerationalmost � 100 � yearsago. Letusfirstcomparethetwovisions. � TheFounding Visionstates, � "Theparticu- larobjectsforwhichthecorporationisformedareasfollows: � Theadvancementof � occupationasatherapeuticmeasure; � forthestudyoftheeffectofoccupationupon � thehumanbeing; � andforthescientificdispensationofthisknowledge" � (National � SocietyforthePromotionofOccupationalTherapy � (NSPOT), � 1917). TheCentennial Visionstates, � "Weenvisionthatoccupationaltherapyisa � powerful, � widelyrecognized, � science-driven, � andevidence-basedprofessionwith � agloballyconnectedanddiverseworkforcemeetingsociety'soccupationalneeds" � (AmericanOccupationalTherapyAssociation � (AOTA), � 2007, � p. � 613). � These � visionsshareafocuson � (1) � successfulpromotionofoccupationasavitalforce � tomeetsociety'sneedsand � (2) � engagementinanddisseminationofscientific � researchthatsupportstheeffectivenessofoccupationaltherapy. Inshort, � withinbothvisionsthereisaconcernwithoccupationandscience. � Letusexaminethesimilaritiesanddifferenceswithwhichthefoundinggeneration � andtoday'sgenerationviewtheseconcepts.
Captive Audience? Strategies for Acquiring Food in Two Detroit Neighborhoods

Research has shown elevated rates of diet-related health problems in Detroit, Michigan compared to state and national averages. Using 47 in-depth interviews of African American residents in two Detroit neighborhoods, I examine the interplay between agency and social structure in food acquisition. Participants discussed numerous difficulties obtaining food, including availability, cost, quality, and accessibility. Residents employed many strategies to address these issues, including carefully examining food before purchase, sharing transportation to leave the neighborhood, and using multiple sources. However, the potential to pursue food acquisition strategies varied, in part, according to community contextual factors, including resident concerns about safety, the availability of food banks, and resources in surrounding areas. Nutritional knowledge among participants was sophisticated, suggesting that health education efforts, as opposed to addressing lack of access to high-quality food, might be misguided...