cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Interactions in Affiliation

Affiliations take many forms in the social relationships of both human and nonhuman primates. Which relationships are most important will vary as a function of the social structure and breeding system that is typical of a species and will also vary with life history stages within a species. For example, in species where males disperse and females remain, it is likely that the primary relationships (due to both genetic relatedness and social experience) will be between female kin with both mother–offspring and sister–sister relationships having a high priority. In species, where females disperse and males remain, there will be a strong affiliation between brothers as well as between mothers and offspring. In pair-bonded biparental and cooperatively breeding species, there is a strong affiliation or attachment between pair mates and between infants and their primary caregiver. For example, in experimental studies with biparental titi monkeys (Callicebus moloch), Mendoza and Mason (1986) have shown that when given a choice between mate and infant, the parents will choose each other and when given a choice between parents, infants will choose their fathers which have been the primary caregivers. In cooperatively breeding species such as the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), where fathers and older siblings provide substantial infant care through carrying and food transfers, infants who have become independent will, when frightened, preferentially seek the individual (father or older sibling) that had been most active in carrying and food transfers (Kostan and Snowdon, 2002).
Host genotype and the formation and function of VA mycorrhizae

VA mycorrhizae, the most ancient type of mycorrhizal symbiosis, are present in the most phytogenetically advanced groups. Few plants have evolved mechanisms to completely prevent infection by VAM fungi. Yet, plant species that are less dependent on VA mycorrhizae for nutrient acquisition (e.g., grasses) generally have less root colonization in the field than more dependent species (e.g., Citrus). Among closely related Citrus genotypes, there is a greater tendency for less dependent species to limit the rate but not the extent of colonization, even in high-P soils. We hypothesize that colonization represents a significant carbon cost that may be regulated by the host genotype. Carbon expenditure on the fungus at high P may result in mycorrhizal-induced growth depression. The potential value of breeding plants for greater susceptibility to colonization will depend on the cost/benefit of VA mycorrhizae for the specific crop, soil and environmental conditions. Although the genetics and physiology of host control over VAM colonization are barely known, recently discovered mycorrhizal colonization mutants (myc-) of pea offer great promise for the study of host-fungus compatibility.
A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor as a diuretic in obstetrics

Abstract Our inadequate knowledge concerning the etiology of toxemia of pregnancy has led us to treat this clinical entity empirically. Eclamptic convulsions are managed by sedation or parenteral magnesium sulfate. Hypertension is treated by sedation and hypotensive drugs. Fluid retention is controlled by the restriction of sodium and water as well as by the use of diuretics. The definitive treatment of toxemia of pregnancy, however, is delivery of the infant. This study was made in an effort to determine the usefulness of the diuretic, Diamox, 2-acetylamino 1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide (acetazoleamide), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, in controlling fluid retention in pregnancy.
Three‐dimensional pulmonary perfusion MRI with radial ultrashort echo time and spatial–temporal constrained reconstruction

Purpose To assess the feasibility of spatial–temporal constrained reconstruction for accelerated regional lung perfusion using highly undersampled dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) three-dimensional (3D) radial MRI with ultrashort echo time (UTE). Methods A combined strategy was used to accelerate DCE MRI for 3D pulmonary perfusion with whole lung coverage. A highly undersampled 3D radial UTE MRI acquisition was combined with an iterative constrained reconstruction exploiting principal component analysis and wavelet soft-thresholding for dimensionality reduction in space and time. The performance of the method was evaluated using a 3D fractal-based DCE digital lung phantom. Simulated perfusion maps and contrast enhancement curves were compared with ground truth using the structural similarity index (SSIM) to determine robust threshold and regularization levels. Feasibility studies were then performed in a canine and a human subject with 3D radial UTE (TE = 0.08 ms) acquisition to assess feasibility of mapping regional 3D perfusion. Results The method was able to accurately recover perfusion maps in the phantom with a nominal isotropic spatial resolution of 1.5 mm (SSIM of 0.949). The canine and human subject studies demonstrated feasibility for providing artifact-free perfusion maps in a simple 3D breath-held acquisition. Conclusion The proposed method is promising for fast and flexible 3D pulmonary perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 73:555–564, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pasados locales, políticas globales. Procesos de patrimonialización en un valle del Pirineo catalán (Camila del Mármol Cartañá)

Durante los ultimos anos, el patrimonio ha visto incrementado su rango de significados asi como su uso social y cultural (Hartog, 2003). Tanto es asi que, hoy en dia, se tiene la sensacion de que casi cualquier cosa puede ser considerada patrimonio. Adoptando nuevas formas se circunscribe a manifestaciones sociales y culturales de muy diversa indole. Es por ello que, concretamente, el patrimonio cultural es un terreno fecundo para diferentes disciplinas asi como “uno de los movimientos sociales mas importantes de nuestro tiempo”.
Nucleotide sequence of human G gamma globin messenger RNA.

Abstract The nucleotide sequences of the entire coding portion and 3'-untranslated portion of the human Gγ globin mRNA have been determined by direct nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned human Gγ globin cDNAs. These nucleotide sequences have been compared to the previously published sequences of the human β globin mRNA and Aγ globin mRNA. No differences were detected between the coding sequences of Gγ and Aγ globin mRNAs except for the expected difference at codon No. 136, but a number of differences were detected in the 3'-untranslated sequences of the two mRNAs. Codon usage of Gγ globin mRNA, although similar to that of the related β globin mRNA, displays a few notable differences such as the use of UUG for leucine and GGA for glycine that are not utilized in β glob in mRNA.
What happens to nucleosomes during transcription

Publisher Summary The studies that have examined the state of a nucleosome within a cell have shown that under conditions of active transcription, nucleosomes are frequently in a disrupted state in which there appears to be an exchange of H2A, H2B, and probably histone H1. The exchange of histones H3 and H4 is limited; these histones appear to serve as the core set of proteins that facilitate the reassembly of the nucleosome by the reassociation of H2A and H2B. In vitro studies have indicated the potential involvement of two additional processes that could facilitate nucleosome disruption, transcriptionally induced positive stress, and the action of histone chaperones. The chaperones facilitate the release of H2A and H2B, particularly under the conditions of positive stress. This same positive stress may also alter the H3–H3 interphase in the H3, H4 tetramer that could have profound effects in facilitating transcription through the tetramer as well as in ensuring stability of the tetramer on the transcribed DNA. Some of the observations suggest that a nucleosome has the potential to be transcribed in more than one way.
The Predominant Relationship Between Sexual Environment Characteristics and HIV-Serodiscordant Condomless Anal Sex Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM).

In some studies, situational factors have been shown to be stronger predictors of condomless sex than individual risk factors. Cross-sectional relationships between condomless anal sex (CAS) with HIV-serodiscordant partners and risk factors across ecological levels (individual, sexual environment) were examined using a sample (N = 60) of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) who reported multiple recent episodes of CAS. Negative binomial regressions were used to evaluate the association of contextual risk factors (e.g., substance use during sex, transactional sex, public sex, sex at a sex party) with recent condomless sex, controlling for demographics and mental health. Results demonstrated that sexual environment factors, particularly sex under the influence of drugs or alcohol (B = .019, p < .05), transactional sex (B = .035, p < .01), and public sex (B = .039, p < .01) explained a large proportion of the variance in CAS. Only sex at a sex party was not related to CAS (p = .39). For each additional sexual environment in which men engaged, their rates of CAS increased (B = .39, p < .01). Secondary prevention interventions that are tailored to the proximal sexual environment could be maximally effective, particularly if they address substance use and other challenging sexual situations.
Tradeoffs between parallel database systems, Hadoop, and HadoopDB as platforms for petabyte-scale analysis

As the market demand for analyzing data sets of increasing variety and scale continues to explode, the software options for performing this analysis are beginning to proliferate. No fewer than a dozen companies have launched in the past few years that sell parallel database products to meet this market demand. At the same time, MapReduce-based options, such as the open source Hadoop framework are becoming increasingly popular, and there have been a plethora of research publications in the past two years that demonstrate how MapReduce can be used to accelerate and scale various data analysis tasks. Both parallel databases and MapReduce-based options have strengths and weaknesses that a practitioner must be aware of before selecting an analytical data management platform. In this talk, I describe some experiences in using these systems, and the advantages and disadvantages of the popular implementations of these systems. I then discuss a hybrid system that we are building at Yale University, called HadoopDB, that attempts to combine the advantages of both types of platforms. Finally, I discuss our experience in using HadoopDB for both traditional decision support workloads (i.e., TPC-H) and also scientific data management (analyzing the Uniprot protein sequence, function, and annotation data).
Performance evaluation of 8PSK at 450 Mbps through TDRSS

A research team at New Mexico State University (NMSU) has been investigating the performance of high rate uncoded octal phase-shift keying (8PSK) through NASA's Telemetry and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). In order to ensure that NASA can support high data rate programs through the TDRSS, the error-rate performance of 8PSK operated through the link at 450 Mbps was measured by NMSU. The data rate was selected for two reasons. First it is a candidate data rate specified for future LANDSAT programs. Second it exhibits a transmit bandwidth of 300 MHz, which adequately stresses the 225 MHz channel bandwidth. Although no coding was employed, the results gathered allow conclusions to be made about the performance of such systems-it was shown in an earlier investigation by NMSU that coding is unaffected by the channel. As is shown, with pre-equalization the performance of the high rate 8PSK is approximately 2 dB of the theoretical value at an error rate of 1/spl times/10/sup -3/. Also included, is the projected performance of the system with the NASA standard Reed Solomon RS(255,223) code which was calculated based on the measured error rates. Thus, with the NASA standard Reed Solomon RS(255,223) code. It is possible to obtain bit error rates of the order 1/spl times/10/sup -7/ while still maintaining high data throughput of almost 400 Mbps at an Eb/No of 12 dB.
Neural net design of macro Gabor wavelet filters for distortion-invariant object detection in clutter

We consider the detection of multiple classes of objects in clutter with 3-D object distortions and contrast differences present. We use a correlator because shift invariance is necessary to locate and recognize one object whose position is not known and to handle multiple objects in the same scene. The detection filter used is a linear combination of the real part of different Gabor filters, which we refer to as a macro Gabor filter (MGF). A new analysis of the parameters for the initial set of Gabor functions in the MGF is given, and a new neural network algorithm to refine these initial filter parameters and to determine the combination coefficients to produce the final MGF detection filter is detailed. Initial detection results are given. Use of this general neural network technique to design correlation filters for other applications seems very attractive.
Vector model of complexity.

To the Editor: Safford, et al., may have misappropriated the concept of vectors in their “vector theory of complexity.”1 The problem is highlighted by their statement: “While the summary vector in physics can be precisely calculated, we do not know the mathematical relationships between the vectors of patient complexity.” Indeed, vectors are intrinsically mathematical2 and are defined with regard to components along specified, orthogonal axes. Without such a mathematical framework, vectors per se have no meaning. The proposed model describes complexity along five separate axes, incorporating important (and well-known) domains such as behavioral and cultural factors, but these entities do not have mathematical properties of vectors. For example, in Fig. 4 (a schematic of complexity vectors for two hypothetical patients), positive or negative values on the x-axis are not defined, and the horizontal intercept of zero complexity is not characterized—with corresponding angles between vectors therefore having no formal derivation or meaning. Additionally, it seems unlikely that cultural factors can remove complexity, which would be a logical inference from the vectors in this figure. Finally, although the Appendix of the article discusses summing of vectors, a single overall complexity score (ultimately measured on the y-axis) is unlikely to “inform the care of complex patients” as the stated application of the model. The issue of patient complexity is challenging and certainly warrants the attention of clinicians and researchers. Using vectors in this conceptual model, however, may impart a false veneer of mathematical certitude.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID-CONTACTING SURFACES : A BIBLIOGRAPHY (1963-1995)

This bibliography is compiled to assist in locating papers related to the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting surfaces in vertebrates. The use of SEM by neuroscientists has continued apace since the publication of the first bibliography in 1980. SEM studies now include more than 50 species of vertebrates and range from cyclostomes to humans; they encompass development from embryo to senescence and concern both normal and pathologic morphology. Although remarkable strides have been made toward a greater understanding of many aspects of the structure and function of cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting surfaces, many significant problems await the judicious application of scanning electron microscopy.
A Multichannel Event Timer for Real-Time Laboratory Computer Systems

In this paper we describe an event timer which was designed to be used in a neurophysiological laboratory. The timer is used with an LSI 11/03 computer and interfaces with the computer through a standard Digital Equipment Corporation DRV 11 interface board. The time of occurrence of pulses on up to 15 different input lines can be recorded with an accuracy determined by the time base of the timer, which can be varied from 1 to 5000 gs. In order to record events that occur simultaneously on different channels or in very rapid succession, we employ a first-in, first-out (FIFO) register as a buffer. An input scanner allows one timer to be used for timing events that occur on several input channels. This device may be useful in other applicatoins in which the time of occurrence of multiple events needs to be accurately timed.
A simple method for premature chromosome condensation induction in primary human and rodent cells using polyethylene glycol

Even though polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been shown to be a potent fusogen, it has not been widely exploited as an alternative to the Sendai virus for premature chromosome condensation (PCC) induction. A simple, rapid, and reproducible PEG protocol for primary cells in suspension is presented which allows satisfactory cell fusion and PCC indices, giving at the same time high cell viability and low giant, multinucleated cell formation. Technical details for PEG-mediated fusion and premature chromosome condensation induction in human and rat lymphocytes, rodent spleen cells, and spleen and whole body cells of newborn mice are provided. Further applications of the method are suggested.
Estimation of the Innovation Generalized Variance of a Multivariate Stationary Time Series

Abstract Recently there has been renewed interest in the nonparametric estimate of the innovation variance of a stationary time series. Empirical evidence has shown that some smoothing of the periodogram improves the estimate. This paper attempts to clarify the smoothing question and extends the results to the estimation of the innovation generalized variance of a multivariate stationary time series.
Generation of millimeter and sub-millimeter radiation in a compact oscillator utilizing the two-stream instability

Summary form only. We propose a novel technique to produce sub-millimeter radiation; this technique mingles two electron beams of slightly different energies. On their own, these beams will exhibit a two-stream instability. Proper initial modulation of the beams can control this instability, allowing such a device to act as an oscillator chosen radiation frequencies in the millimeter and sub-millimeter ranges. Simulations of this device show amplification of 100- GHz radiation, with convenient scaling up to 1 THz. Additionally, the experiment merely requires two low-voltage, low-current electron beams and straightforward beam and millimeter-wave optics; with a total beamline length of under meter. We predict this simple and compact device can generate up to 100 W of 1-THz radiation.
Laboratory Investigation of Heterogeneous Interaction of Sulfuric Acid with Soot

The internal mixing state of soot with sulfuric acid is believed to significantly impact the optical, cloud-forming, and chemical properties of soot-containing aerosols, but little is known about the interaction between soot and sulfuric acid. We report the first measurements of the uptake of H2SO4 on three types of soot generated from methane, hexane, and kerosene combustion. H2SO4 loss on soot is found to be irreversible. The measured uptake coefficients are 0.018 ± 0.007 for kerosene soot, 0.012 ± 0.006 for methane soot, and 0.0076 ± 0.0016 for hexane soot at a total pressure of 1−2 Torr and 298 K assuming a geometric surface area, likely corresponding to the upper limits. Additional experiments using the differential mobility analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques are carried out to further characterize the interaction of H2SO4 with soot. The results suggest that uptake of H2SO4 takes place efficiently on soot particles, representing an important route to convert hydrophobic s...
Simulating the Production Potential of Dryland Spring Canola in the Central Great Plains

Published in Agron. J. 104:1182–1188 (2012) Posted online 7 June 2012 doi:10.2134/agronj2012.0048 Copyright © 2012 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. I in the production of canola continues to grow as its use as a feedstock for biodiesel production (Blackshaw et al., 2011; Patil and Deng, 2009; Pavlista and Baltensperger, 2007) is evaluated in addition to its current use as a source of edible oil for human consumption (Starner et al., 1999). Th e central Great Plains of the United States is a region where canola has been considered as an alternative crop to be grown in dryland rotations with winter wheat (Nielsen, 1997, 1998), but most of the reported yields from studies done in this region have come from irrigated studies (Hergert et al., 2011; Pavlista et al., 2011). Yield results from dryland fi eld studies have not been reported across this region. Previous work at Akron, CO, (Nielsen, 1997) indicated that canola seed yield response to water use was
The endogenous lectin RL-29 is transynaptically induced in dorsal horn neurons following peripheral neuropathy in the rat

Neurons containing immunoreactivity to the endogenous lactose-binding lectin, RL-29, were examined in the L4 segment of the spinal cord of rats with an experimental neuropathy. The cells appeared by 5 days and were also present at 14 and 28 days postoperatively. All neurons were found in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the injury. The neurons were multipolar and the reaction product revealed the morphology of the primary and secondary dendrites and some axons. Most of the neurons were located in the reticulated region of the dorsal horn, corresponding to Rexed's lamina V. In 14-day neuropathy animals treated with the NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801, the number of RL-29 cell profiles observed was significantly reduced. Double labeling experiments revealed that spinothalamic tract neurons did not contain RL-29. The results suggest that the neuropathic injury produces a long term, transynaptic change in a subpopulation of dorsal horn neurons, that is mediated by excitatory amino acid transmitters acting at NMDA receptors.
Pedagogy research through the years in RQES.

This paper examines the growth in research on teaching, curriculum, and teacher education in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, describing how this body of work has evolved over the past 75 years. The research stream progressed from “expert” discourses about what physical education should be to scientific approaches that have generated a body of knowledge based on evidence rather than beliefs. Investigations focused on the teaching and learning process have evolved to provide research-based benchmarks for designing teacher education programs and evaluating instruction as well as informing effective teaching practice. We advocate for a broad view of pedagogy and argue that pedagogical researchers can make an important contribution to efforts to increase levels of physical activity through interdisciplinary projects.
Influence of crystallinity on the morphology of poly(ethylene oxide) containing diblock copolymers

Low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide)-polyalkane (PEO-PA) diblock copolymers have been examined between the order-disorder transition and PEO melting temperature using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS). Crystallization imposes layered ordering with polymer stems oriented perpendicular, or tilted, relative to the microdomain interface, thereby disrupting conventional amorphous microdomain morphologies. This effect can be used to switch the high symmetry bicontinuous ordered G phase to lower symmetry cylinders or lamellae.
Shifting cultural policy landscapes in the USA: What role for philanthropic foundations?

In the USA, the Culture Wars of the late 1980s represented a period of policy upheaval that largely ended the post-war cultural policy consensus. Since then, the arts have witnessed the fading significance of the National Endowment of the Arts and growing strains of the carefully nurtured nonprofit arts infrastructure, on the one hand; and the rise of a cacophony of new and more diffused cultural policy interests and objectives, on the other. Unfortunately, a new policy paradigm has yet to emerge. Utilizing the Foundation Center arts funding data, this paper seeks to explore how foundations have responded to the shifting cultural policy landscapes of the last three decades, and what roles foundations appear to pursue while navigating the new policy terrain.
An integrated 120 volt AC mains voltage interface in standard 130 nm CMOS

A circuit technique for directly interfacing with 120 V AC mains in conventional CMOS is presented. An on-chip capacitive divider steps-down the 120 V AC supply, which is then regulated. The approach makes use of the very high breakdown voltage of the dielectric between interconnect layers in conventional CMOS technology. This fully integrated scheme is orders of magnitude smaller than traditional approaches. A prototype circuit is fabricated in 130 nm CMOS and converts 120 V AC to a 3.5 V DC supply.
Why reform not revolution: a political opportunity analysis of Morocco 2011 protests movement

The Arab revolutions that started in 2011 and the rapid political change that took place in countries that were considered stable caught researchers by surprise. This focused attention on the need to study these countries using different disciplines and tools. Social movement theories are one of the available tools that can complement political theories and help explore elements affecting the behaviour of the states and the protestors. A media analysis of two Moroccan newspapers was used to study change in the political field. This paper explores ways in which changes in political opportunity influenced the perception of the players in the political system and ultimately led to the constitutional reform. This paper does not aim to measure the success of the enacted reform, but rather to study institutionalisation, state repression, and elite division that affected the behaviour of both protestors and the state in Morocco.
Molecular mechanisms of TSD in reptiles: A search for the magic bullet

Significant progress has been made in understanding mechanisms of genetic sex determination. The ZFY gene encodes a zinc finger protein but is not the primary signal in sex determination. The SRY gene is the testis determining gene in man, mouse, rabbit, and probably marsupial mouse and wallaby. Temperature dependent sex determination probably involves a modification of development of the indifferent gonad due to differential expression of one or more specific DNA sequences whose behavior is controlled by some temperature sensitive process or to differential action of a gene product such as a protein. There are ZFY and SRY-like genes in reptiles. We cloned and sequenced a portion of the ZFY gene (Zft) from snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) that is found in both sexes. We cloned and sequenced portions of SRY-like genes (Sra for SRY-related-autosomal) from snapping turtle. Similar genes are found in alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and lizards. Cladistic analysis suggests that there are two or three major families of SRY-like genes in vertebrates in addition to sex specific SRY genes located on the Y chromosome of eutherian and marsupial mammals. When placed on a phylogenetic tree these data indicate that Sras were present in early tetrapods. Sequestering of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome probably happened only once and this may have been the defining moment that set the mammalian line of Therapsid reptiles apart from other reptilian groups.
In praise of sport: Promoting sport participation as a mechanism of health among persons with a disability

Abstract Background Achieving and maintaining health are no less important to people with a disability than they are to anyone else; it is just typically more challenging. This report explores sport as a mechanism of health for people with a disability. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is used to frame the analysis and discussion of the narratives of 12 women and men with a disability who participate in sport. Objective The goal was to describe how participating in sport, broadly defined, helps persons with a disability achieve and maintain health and health-related components of well-being. The ICF was used to frame a secondary analysis and discussion of participant narratives. Methods Participants with physical or sensory disabilities responded to a request for participation in in-depth interviews to explore their sport participation; snowball sampling was used to ensure maximum variation in demographic characteristics. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. A secondary analysis was conducted that focused on the relationship of the data categories to the ICF. Results Sport benefits included enhanced functional capacity, health promotion, relationship development, increased optimism, and inclusion in meaningful life activities and roles. Health professionals were vital in introducing and encouraging people with disabilities to participate in sport. Conclusions Sport is a valuable and promising mechanism for fostering physical and emotional health and building valuable social connections. Health professionals, in concert with individual, family, and community members, may use the framework of the ICF to guide their clinical and educational reasoning for enhancing sport participation among persons with a disability.
THE NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE AS A LABORATORY FOR EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION RESEARCH

The New Madrid seismic zone is one of the most seismically active regions of eastern North America. It is a small region, distant from any plate margin, and surrounded by the relatively uniform crust of central North America. For these reasons it provides an unusual opportunity to pursue earthquake prediction research in an intra-plate environment. A regional telemetered micro-earthquake network in operation since July, 1974, has yielded much new information on the nature of the seismicity in the New Madrid region. The spatial distribution of hypocenters has indicated the existence of linear seismically active zones, presumably corresponding to active faults. Teleseismic P-wave residuals recorded by the network have yielded a threedimensional velocity model for the crust and upper mantle beneath the New Madrid region, using an inversion method developed by AKI et al. (1977). The most interesting feature of this model is an anomalous region of low seismic velocities in the upper mantle and crust beneath the area of high seismic activity. The anomalous portion of the upper mantle extends to depths of at least 150km and is characterized by velocities which are about 5% lower than those in surrounding regions. Observations of possible velocity precursors in the New Madrid region have been inconclusive. Other studies of precursory phenomena are currently being implemented. These include the installation of a network of tiltmeters, the instrumentation of a lake for tilt studies, and the observation of water level fluctuations in wells.
An NMR study of the uranyl 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetylacetonate complexes with ligands

Abstract 1H, 19F, and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the complex molecules UO2(TTA)2·L TTA = 2-thenoyltrifluoromethylacetylacetone and L = tri-n-butyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphine oxide, or dimethyl formamide) show that L is directly bonded to uranium. A pentagonal bipyramidal structure is proposed for these complexes with two out of three possible cis-trans isomers being found.
Phase II study of tiazofurin (NSC 286193) in the treatment of advanced small cell bronchogenic carcinoma

Fourteen evaluable patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma received tiazofurin, an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, that progressed after one combination chemotherapy. No objective remission was observed at the dosage of 800 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Toxicity was moderate.
Stability analysis of Apollo-Saturn V propulsion and structure feedback loop.

Apollo-Saturn 5 propulsion and structure feedback loop, analyzing Pogo components and Nyquist plot application
Solid papillary ductal carcinoma in situ versus usual ductal hyperplasia in the breast: a potentially difficult distinction resolved by cytokeratin 5/6

The solid papillary variant of ductal carcinoma in situ is an uncommon entity, which usually presents in the seventh or eighth decade and may be associated with invasive mucinous carcinoma. Solid papillary ductal carcinoma in situ (SP-DCIS) shares many morphological features with usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) involving a papilloma: papillary architecture, solid growth, cellular streaming, and low-grade nuclear features. These similarities can make the distinction between these 2 entities challenging. Recent studies have demonstrated that immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 5/6 can distinguish UDH from conventional forms of ductal carcinoma in situ. Most of the epithelial cells of UDH express cytokeratin 5/6, but the tumor cells of ductal carcinoma in situ do not. We tested the hypothesis that the results of staining for cytokeratin 5/6 can distinguish UDH from the solid papillary variant of ductal carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical staining of 14 cases of SP-DCIS and 9 cases of UDH (4 involving papillomas) was performed using cytokeratin 5/6 antibody clone D5/16 B4. Strong cytoplasmic or membrane staining was considered positive. The hyperplastic cells in all cases of UDH showed strong staining for cytokeratin 5/6. The percentage of positive cells ranged from 50% to 80%. None of the SP-DCIS tumor cells stained for cytokeratin 5/6; however, many cases did show staining of occasional entrapped, benign epithelial, and myoepithelial cells. We conclude that the absence of strong cytokeratin 5/6 expression by SP-DCIS distinguishes it from its morphological mimic, UDH. Pathologists must guard against misinterpreting SP-DCIS as UDH in those cases in which the carcinoma cells engulf cytokeratin 5/6-expressing residual, native epithelial cells.
Models for polysilane high polymers. Room-temperature solution fluorescence quenching in linear Si10Me22, Si16Me34 and poly(methylpropylsilane) by carbon tetrachloride

Abstract Carbon tetrachloride quenches the intensity and lifetime of the room-temperature fluorescence of poly(methylpropylsilane) and its model compounds, permethylated n-decasilane and n-hexadecasilane, in n-hexane and n-hexadecane. The process is dominated by static quenching. Changes in fluorescence shape as a function of quencher concentration show that the lowest energy chromophores extend most in space, supporting the standard segment model of polysilane electronic structure. The usual analysis leads to static quenching volumes of approximately 1800 A3 for Si10Me22 and approximately 3500 A3 for Si16Me34. Unlike these, the quenching volume of poly(methylpropylsilane) depends on the excitation wavelength (approximately 800–1400 A3). It is much larger than that of poly(di-n-hexylsilane), which depends strongly on excitation wavelength (approximately 10–1200 A3). A tentative interpretation of these unusual observations is proposed.
Upper Urinary Tract Abnormalities: A Case of Bilateral Kidneys Within a Left-sided Omphalocele

Children with omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spinal defects complex present with the most severe form of birth defects in the exstrophy-epispadias spectrum. Prenatal diagnosis is difficult, but improved survival over the past several decades makes understanding the potential anatomic manifestations imperative for expeditious and appropriate surgical care. The upper urinary tract is often normal in children with omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spinal defects complex, but malposition of one of the kidneys has previously been reported. We present the first case of bilateral kidney herniation into the omphalocele sac.
'What Big Teeth You Have!': Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning

This paper considers whether a number of the motivations for exclusionary zoning usually examined by economists are distinguishable from one another in a general theoretical model. The four motivations identified are: fiscal zoning, public goods zoning, consumption zoning and political economic zoning. It is demonstrated in a general setting that the motivations are observationally equivalent if the only available information is community composition. The most important implication of this finding is that a policy directed at alleviating one motive for zoning inevitably affects other motives. The existence of exclusionary zoning does not constitute a prima facie case for any particular intervention. Rather, the true motivations behind the observed pattern of land use and land-use controls must be identified.
The Virtue of Civility

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle le civisme est une vertu qui concerne la philosophie morale, en ce sens qu'elle oblige a penser le lien entre vertu morale et soumission aux normes sociales. De la civilite comme politesse au civisme politique, l'A. montre que la civilite permet la communication des attitudes morales necessaires a l'interaction sociale.
SCANRAW: A Database Meta-Operator for Parallel In-Situ Processing and Loading

Traditional databases incur a significant data-to-query delay due to the requirement to load data inside the system before querying. Since this is not acceptable in many domains generating massive amounts of raw data (e.g., genomics), databases are entirely discarded. External tables, on the other hand, provide instant SQL querying over raw files. Their performance across a query workload is limited though by the speed of repeated full scans, tokenizing, and parsing of the entire file.In this article, we propose SCANRAW, a novel database meta-operator for in-situ processing over raw files that integrates data loading and external tables seamlessly, while preserving their advantages: optimal performance across a query workload and zero time-to-query. We decompose loading and external table processing into atomic stages in order to identify common functionality. We analyze alternative implementations and discuss possible optimizations for each stage. Our major contribution is a parallel superscalar pipeline implementation that allows SCANRAW to take advantage of the current many- and multicore processors by overlapping the execution of independent stages. Moreover, SCANRAW overlaps query processing with loading by speculatively using the additional I/O bandwidth arising during the conversion process for storing data into the database, such that subsequent queries execute faster. As a result, SCANRAW makes intelligent use of the available system resources—CPU cycles and I/O bandwidth—by switching dynamically between tasks to ensure that optimal performance is achieved. We implement SCANRAW in a state-of-the-art database system and evaluate its performance across a variety of synthetic and real-world datasets. Our results show that SCANRAW with speculative loading achieves the best-possible performance for a query sequence at any point in the processing. Moreover, SCANRAW maximizes resource utilization for the entire workload execution while speculatively loading data and without interfering with normal query processing.
Solid-state thermochromic transition in poly(2-methoxyphenylene vinylene)

Abstract The crystalline, conjugated polymer poly(2-methoxyphenylene vinylene) undergoes a solid-state thermochromic transition at about 350°C. The optical absorption maximum shifts hypochromically as the colour of the film changes from orange to olive-green during the transition. This effect can be correlated with an endothermic event, as seen in differential scanning calorimetric measurements. Polarized infra-red spectra reveal that movements of the phenylene rings about the chain axis are involved in the transition. The polymer deviates from the low-temperature rigid-rod planar structure during the transition, but conjugation is restored at temperatures above the transition. A molecular motion mechanism is proposed that involves phenylene ring wagging motion relative to the ring-ring axis as the temperature increases. At the transition temperature, the rings undergo a 180° flip about the chain axis. This motion causes a temporary and reversible decrease of effective conjugation along the backbone of the polymer, and the colour change is interpreted as a consequence of such phenylene ring motions.
Mathematical modeling of a lithium ion battery with thermal effects in COMSOL Inc. Multiphysics (MP) software

The existing lithium ion battery model in Multiphysics (MP) software (COMSOL Inc., Palo Alto, CA) is extended to include the thermal effects. The thermal behavior of a lithium ion battery is studied during the galvanostatic discharge process with and without a pulse.
Exploitation and the Vulnerability Clause

What conditions of vulnerability must an individual face in order that we might ever correctly say that she or he has been wrongfully exploited? Mikhail Valdman has recently argued that wrongful exploitation is the extraction of excessive benefits from someone who cannot reasonably refuse one’s offer. So, ‘being unable to reasonably refuse an offer’ is Valdman’s answer to this question. I will argue that this answer is too narrow, but that other competing answers, like Alan Wertheimer’s, are too broad. I propose a new answer, a “vulnerability clause” to partially comprise a theory of wrongful exploitation. In so doing, I appeal to Marilyn Frye’s account of oppression and take guidance from her inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Caring for “others”: Examining the interplay of mothering and deficit discourses in teaching

Abstract Data from a year-long narrative inquiry, involving six American women elementary school teachers, suggests that teachers’ conceptions of caring are primarily shaped by their biographies. Despite teachers’ claims that they knew their students well, their conceptions of caring were relatively fixed across contexts rather than malleable to differing students’ realities. Here, I raise questions about the interplay of mothering and deficit discourses as they serve to legitimize and perpetuate single-loop caring. Implications for teaching, teacher education and care theory are discussed.
"That's Not Something I Was, I Am, or Am Ever Going to Be:" Multimodal Self-Assertion in Digital Video Production.

Issues of representation and identity are paramount in youth media. These issues are further complicated when youth draw on popular culture and other media resources as vehicles to interpret and represent themselves (Alvermann, 2008, Jenkins et al., 2006). While youth-produced media often draw on popular culture resources and are frequently accused of reproducing dominant stereotypes, many young media makers are often acutely aware of their audiences and deliberately use media resources to establish social connections that will enhance and manipulate audience reception. Using mediated discourse analysis (Norris & Jones, 2005), this paper examines the documentary video production process of one such group of youth, exploring their process of purposeful selection and assemblage of popular culture and media resources. Findings reveal nuanced patterns of multimodal combination to establish and maintain attention of key audiences while asserting alternative social positions.
Determination of Chlorite in Drinking Water Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection

Capillary electrophoresis with end-column electrochemical detection (CEEC) was used to determine chlorite (ClO2–1) in drinking water. Two CE methods were developed. The first method used a positive CE polarity with a 25 mM Borate buffer, pH 8.9. The second method used a negative CE polarity and a 25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 with 1 mM dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) added to reverse the EOF. The required detection potential was +1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in the positive polarity mode and +0.90 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in the negative polarity mode. In both polarity modes, the analysis time for chlorite was less than 6 minutes. Calibration plots ClO2– in tap water and in deionized water were found to be linear between 0.1 and 10 mg L–1(r≥0.994) with detection limits of 5 μg L–1 (S/N=3) in both modes. The concentration of chlorite found in samples from a water treatment plant was 0.5 to 1.7 mg L–1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) in peak height for injections of 1.0 mg L–1 chlorite standards were 5.4 % using the positive polarity mode and 2.7 % using the negative polarity mode. The RSD in peak height for injections of samples from the water treatment plant were 5.2 % and 6.6 % for positive and negative polarity, respectively (n=5).
The real wealth of nations: Mapping and monetizing the human ecological footprint

Abstract The earth provides myriad ecosystem services or ‘benefits’ that enable and enhance human existence. Humanity, in turn, imposes myriad environmental impacts or ‘costs’ on the earth. We explore the idea of mapping these ‘costs’ and ‘benefits’ using proxy measures. We set the total value of the world's ecosystem services to be equal to the total cost of anthropogenic environmental impacts at fifty trillion dollars (roughly the global GDP in the year 2000). A global representation of ecosystem service value is mapped at 1 km2 resolution using Net Primary Productivity (NPP) as a proxy measure of ecosystem service value (‘benefit’). A similar global representation of environmental impact is mapped using pavement (i.e., anthropogenically created impervious surface area or ISA) as a proxy measure of ‘cost’. Subtracting the 50 trillion mapped onto ISA from the 50 trillion mapped onto NPP produces a 1 km2 resolution map of those areas where: (1) human imposed costs exceed naturally supplied benefits, resulting in an ecological deficit, (2) human costs balance with environmental benefits and (3) environmental benefits exceed human costs, resulting in an ecological surplus. Mapping this ecological balance produces a spatially explicit and monetized representation of ecological sustainability that can be aggregated to national, sub-national, and regional levels. Aggregations of this map at the national level are compared with other national measures of biophysical sustainability such as the Global Footprint Network's ‘Eco-Deficit’. An additional benefit of this approach is that the national values derived from this difference map suggest a starting point for discussions of the dollar values and costs of both under and over consumption of ecosystem services on the part of the nations of the world.