cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding the power-performance tradeoff through Pareto analysis of live performance data

Optimizing the power-performance tradeoff of a software system is challenging as the design space is large and live data is difficult to obtain. As a result, many power reduction techniques are based on power models which may not represent the full complexity of the system being analyzed. In this paper, in contrast, we propose a process for performing a tradeoff analysis using live power/performance data. As a case study, we conduct an empirical evaluation of the power/performance impact of cache configuration on embedded systems. We gather live power consumption and execution time data for the programs in the CHStone benchmark suite on an embedded processor with configurable cache parameters and perform a Pareto analysis on these data to identify the optimal cache configurations. We observe that the optimal configurations are sparse in the design space, are inconsistent across the benchmark, and are counterintuitive in some cases. Our results reveal interesting, unexpected insights motivating the need for tools and methodologies that automate this process and operate directly on data gathered from the systems.
Genetic perturbations that reveal tertiary conformation of tRNA precursor molecules.

The ubiquity of tRNA-like conformations in tRNA precursors of prokaryotes provides a common structural basis for precursor recognition by the maturation enzymes. This design eliminates the need for multiple enzymes to achieve the maturation of different precursors. Moreover, the requirement of this specific conformation for maturation guards against the production of potentially deleterious mutant tRNAs.
6 GROWTH HORMONE GENE DELETION WITHOUT GROWTH ARREST

Isolated growth hormone deficiency type 1A (IGHD 1A) is caused by deletion of the hGH-N gene. As described in Swiss pedigrees, antibody development and growth arrest complicate hGH treatment. We used restriction endonuclease analysis to detect hGH-N deletion among Oriental Jewish children with IGHD and then examined responses to hGH treatment. Patients in 4 families were products of consanguinous matings. They were homozygous for deletion of the hGH-N gene as shown by absence of characteristic, hybridizing, Bam HI and Hinc II fragments. Abnormal size Hind III fragments indicated deletions of 7.5 kb. Polymorphic Bgl II and Msp I patterns differed in patient 4, suggesting that at least 2 different events had produced deletions of similar size. Growth data are shown below: Despite extreme pre-Rx height deficits, growth responses to hGH treatment were good. Antibodies did not appear or did not impede growth. We conclude that factors other than gene deletion contribute to formation of blocking antibodies to hGH. Growth failure during treatment is not a sensitive marker for IGHD 1A. Diagnosis requires study of patients' GH genes.
Selective Venoconstriction by Dopamine in Comparison with Isoproterenol and Phenylephrine

During cardiopulmonary bypass for open-heart operations utilizing anoxic cardiac arrest, the heart and lungs are excluded from the circulation and the remaining vascular bed is perfused at a fairly constant flow. Under these circumstances actions of vasoactive drugs on the peripheral systemic circul
ATPase inhibition and electrophysiological change caused by DDT and related neuroactive agents in lobster nerve

Abstract In an attempt to elucidate the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of action of DDT on the nerve membrane, experiments have been performed to study the effects of DDT and related chemicals on the ATPases and electrical activity of the lobster nerves. ATPases were obtained from the nerves of the walking legs of the lobster, Homarus americanus . The optimum conditions for the maximum ATPase activity were: Na + 320 mM, K + 20 mM, Mg 2+ 1 mM at pH 7.6–8.0. The rigid requirements of Na + , K + and Mg 2+ suggest that the major portion of the ATPases in the lobster nerve preparations consists of Na + -K + -Mg 2+ ATPases. DDT inhibited a portion of Na + -K + -Mg 2+ ATPases. It was found, however, that only a portion of the DDT-sensitive ATPases could be inhibited by a high concentration of ouabain. In view of the possibility that DDT-sensitive ATPases are not the ones involved in the active transport systems, a variety of neuroactive agents which are known to induce the nerve conductance changes were examined for their actions on the ATPase preparations. The majority of chemicals that have been known to cause electrophysiological responses similar to DDT were found to be potent ATPase inhibitors. A correlation was found between the degree of DDT inhibition of ATPases and the electrophysiological symptoms of DDT poisoning.
Assessment of Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Case Study for Security Algorithms

WSN nodes are usually powered by batteries. Energy consumption during node operation determines battery life. Power consumption depends on the different hardware and software components in a WSN node and their various activities. In order to determine the life of the battery, we must measure the energy consumption of a node that is active in a network. That is, we must know the power consumption and time duration for node activities including computations, and RF transmission and reception. In this paper, we introduce an easy and accurate method for dynamic energy measurements without disturbing the node or network. The method consists of an oscilloscope, which can stream digitized voltages into a PC, which calculates the profile of energy consumption. We employed this capability to determine energy consumption for different security algorithms in CrossBow MICA2 nodes.
Layer-induced seismic anisotropy from full-wave sonic logs: Theory, application, and validation

Thin isotropic elastic layering in the earth is one cause of seismic VTI anisotropy, along with intrinsic anisotropy and fractures. An important issue related to the routine use of VTI seismic data processing is the estimation of the necessary parameters. The full set of layer-induced VTI anisotropy parameters can be computed from full-wave sonic and density log data using Backus averaging. Intrinsic anisotropy can be incorporated if it is known from laboratory analysis. The isotropic layering method is applied to six wells in eastern Saudi Arabia, and the estimated anisotropy parameters are persistent across distances of many kilometers. This leads to the possibility of parameter estimation at sparse well locations for use in seismic data processing. Validation is demonstrated by direct numerical simulation of elastic wavefields in original and Backus-averaged earth models with various window lengths. We observe precise equivalence of the full wavefield when the averaging length is less than or equal to one-third of the minimum dominant wavelength. First arrival information, used in depth migration, is preserved with much longer averaging windows, up to twice the minimum dominant wavelength.
Determination of the vapor pressures of select polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans at 75¿275°C

Abstract Vapor pressures were determined for several polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) at 75–275 °C, extending the available literature data to more relevant temperature regions and providing the first experimental data for 2,3,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7-TriCD). A modification of the effusion technique, based upon controlling the diffusion of the target compound and subsequent high resolution gas chromatography/low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS) analysis, was proven comparable to other accepted methods for determining the vapor pressures of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Vapor pressures for octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) were in excellent agreement with those reported in literature. The application of the current method for the vapor pressure determinations of eight polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) in the extended temperature range (up to 275 °C) is reported. The extension of the vapor pressures to such temperatures, unprecedented for the PCDDs/Fs, is important for vapor-particle partitioning modeling in regions relevant to PCDD/F formation and control. Estimates for the melting temperatures and enthalpies of sublimation and vaporization are also reported, the latter for which no experimentally determined values have been found in the literature. The use of the method to deliver reproducible, trace concentrations (ppt–ppb) of targets was applied to the calibration of the jet-REMPI/TOFMS as an online detector for low chlorinated PCDDs/Fs.
Filippino Lippi's Carafa “Annunciation”: Theology, Artistic Conventions, and Patronage

Filippino Lippi's donor portrait is unconventionally integrated into his Carafa Chapel Annunciation. The paper suggests some of the complex reasons for this, with discussion of the theological meaning of the Annunciation; the greater intimacy artists established between portraits and divinities because of Netherlandish models, Alberti's theories and Dominican meditation imagery; and, finally, the predilections of the patron, Cardinal Oliviero Carafa, a major figure in Rome at the turn of the 16th century.
Analysis of Al25 energy levels observed in the Si28(p,α)Al25 reaction

The level structure of {sup 25}Al has been studied at the ORNL Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) by measuring the angular and energy distributions of alpha particles from the {sup 28}Si(p,{alpha}){sup 25}Al reaction. Proton beams ({approx}10 nA) at laboratory energies of 40- and 42-MeV were generated by the 25 MV tandem accelerator and bombarded a natural silicon target (50 {micro}g/cm{sup 2}). Alpha particles were detected and identified in the Silicon Detector Array (SIDAR) in the 'telescope' configuration [1]. Eighteen levels have been observed and spins for several have been constrained through a distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis of the angular distributions.
A comparison of laboratory abrasion and field wear results

In the ongoing battle on wear, laboratory tests have been one tool used to evaluate and model the process of wear. A second, less commonly used tool is field wear testing. Field wear testing, while being more time-consuming, has the advantage that the materials are exposed to the actual environmental conditions and abrasives responsible for the wear loss. This paper examines four different abrasive wear tests (pin-on-drum, dry-sand rubber-wheel, jaw crusher, and impeller-in-drum), and compares the results obtained from these tests with field wear tests using the Albany Research Center's Planar Array Field wear test. A variety of ferrous-based alloys commonly used to resist abrasion in the mineral processing industry were tested, including carbon steels, low alloy steels, austenitic steels, and white cast iron.
Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation

Accurate quantitation of mitral regurgitation offers a major clinical dilemma. The clinical clues depend largely on cardiac auscultation, the accuracy of which needs to be rigorously tested (1). Mitral regurgitation may not be associated with a clinically audible systolic murmur, and the auscultatory features of severity of regurgitation are generally based on increased volume of diastolic flow across the mitral valve. The echocardiographic methods (2) used before widespread adoption of Doppler techniques provided indirect clues related to left ventricular and atrial chamber size and evidence of ventricular diastolic volume overload. Diagnosis of mitral regurgitation. The advent of Doppler methods has permitted detection of mitral regurgitation with a level of sensitivity not previously obtained (3-5). A systolic flow disturbance on the atrial side of the mitral valve, detected by pulsed Doppler technique, is used to diagnose the presence of mitral regurgitation. The potential errors of false positive diagnosis of mitral regurgitation by this approach may be avoided by placing the sample volume 2 I cm behind (i.e., posterosuperior) the plane of the mitral anulus and requiring a pansystolic or late systolic flow disturbance generally associated with aliasing. Specifically, a brief early systolic flow disturbance at the time of closure or doming of the mitral valve leaflets can be a normal occurrence. The incidence of mitral regurgitation in normal subjects or in the absence of disease or dysfunction of the mitral apparatus appears to be ~5%. Quantitation of mitral regurgitation. The pulsed Doppler method has also been used to provide information regarding quantitation of mitral regurgitation. The regurgitation jet may be mapped by moving the Doppler sample volume progressively deeper into the left atrium. The atrium can be divided into nine compartments by considering divisions approximating one-third in the two dimensions of a cross-
Cultural aspects of pain management.

715 STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that patients from ethnic minorities and cultures different from the health care professionals treating them, receive inadequate pain management. Each of us has the impression that people from distinct cultures are more or less likely to express their pain experience in a manner that is somewhere between quietly enduring (stoic) or very expressive. Just ask yourself this question—what populations do you regularly encounter that are more likely to be stoic, to be expressive? Now ask yourself a second question— do you treat such patients who are stoic differently from those who are expressive? Ideally, the answer would be no, we should treat everyone the same. However, in truth, we are likely to provide more attentive and compassionate care to the patient who is stoic compared to the expressive patient. This is because the culture of pain in Western civilization tends to honor the stoic person (no pain no gain; the football player who makes a touchdown despite a broken leg). What is it about people that directs them to express their pain experience in different ways? Culture is the framework that directs human behavior in a given situation. The meaning and expression of pain are influenced by people’s cultural background. Pain is not just a physiologic response to tissue damage but also includes emotional and behavioral responses based on individuals’ past experiences and perceptions of pain (e.g., when you were a child was your expressive behavior tolerated or were you expected to be stoic). Note: not everyone in every culture conforms to a set of expected behaviors or beliefs, so trying to categorize a person into a particular cultural stereotype (e.g., all North Dakota farmers are stoic) will lead to inaccuracies. On the other hand, knowledge of a patient’s culture may help you better understand their behavior. Even more important than understanding the culture of others, is understanding how your own upbringing effects your attitude about pain. We are likely to believe that our reaction to pain is “normal” and that other reactions are “abnormal.” Thus a doctor or nurse from a stoic family may not know how to react to a patient who responds to pain by loud verbal complaints (or discount the pain because of the apparent mismatch between the injury and the verbal response). Even subtle cultural and individual differences, particularly in nonverbal, spoken, and written language, between health care providers and patients impact care.
Simple master equation for the description of charge transfer in atom–surface scattering

Abstract We have developed a new simple master equation for the description of charge transfer in atom–surface scattering. The equation includes some effects of strong intra-atomic correlation such as the Coulomb blockade. Comparisons with an accurate numerical solution obtained using a non-equilibrium Green's function technique show that the proposed simple master equations (SMEs) represent a convenient, computationally fast and semi-accurate means of describing charge transfer in atom–surface scattering.
Transmission of a Gaussian Beam Through AN Array of Dielectric Wedges.

We examine an array of optically transparent dielectric wedges that has potential applications as a shield against high-energy cw laser beams. Attenuation is achieved by the total reflection of the incident beam at the array surfaces. Assuming that wedge dimensions are large in terms of wavelength, we analyze transmission through the shield by using physical optics. Numerical results show attenuations of 30 and 45 dB at a distance equal to one incident beam radius behind the shield for material refractive indices of 1.5 and 2.5, respectively. The dominant contribution to the transmitted field appears to be leakage from the wedge corners. Corner leakage can be mitigated with the use of two identical stacked wedge arrays displaced relative to each other.
Finite elastoplastic transformations of transversely isotropic metals

Abstract A finite strain theory for transversely isotropic elastic-plastic materials is developed. The formulation is based on a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor into elastic and plastic parts. The axis of transverse isotropy at each material point is assumed to “follow” the deformation of the continuum. We derive a constitutive equation for the plastic spin Wpi, which is the average spin of the continuum as seen by an observer spinning with the substructure (e.g. the fibers in a metal-matrix composite). It is shown that Wpi = mm Dpi - Dpi mm, where Dpi is the plastic part of the deformation rate and m is the unit vector in the direction of transverse isotropy in the intermediate (isoclinic) configuration. The numerical implementation of the developed model in a finite element program as well as an algorithm for the numerical integration of the elastoplastic equations are discussed in detail. The problem of plane strain extrusion of a metal-matrix composite reinforced by short aligned fibers is solved using the finite element method.
Development of online line-scan imaging system for chicken inspection and differentiation

An online line-scan imaging system was developed for differentiation of wholesome and systemically diseased chickens. The hyperspectral imaging system used in this research can be directly converted to multispectral operation and would provide the ideal implementation of essential features for data-efficient high-speed multispectral classification algorithms. The imaging system consisted of an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) camera and an imaging spectrograph for line-scan images. The system scanned the surfaces of chicken carcasses on an eviscerating line at a poultry processing plant in December 2005. A method was created to recognize birds entering and exiting the field of view, and to locate a Region of Interest on the chicken images from which useful spectra were extracted for analysis. From analysis of the difference spectra between wholesome and systemically diseased chickens, four wavelengths of 468 nm, 501 nm, 582 nm and 629 nm were selected as key wavelengths for differentiation. The method of locating the Region of Interest will also have practical application in multispectral operation of the line-scan imaging system for online chicken inspection. This line-scan imaging system makes possible the implementation of multispectral inspection using the key wavelengths determined in this study with minimal software adaptations and without the need for cross-system calibration.
Reproducible Porcine Model of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Background—Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) develop secondary to abnormal aortic extracellular matrix remodeling, resulting in a weakened and dilated aortic wall that progressed to rupture if left unattended. Currently, no diagnostic/prognostic tests are available for the detection of TAA disease. This is largely driven by the lack of a large animal model, which would permit longitudinal/mechanistic studies. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to establish a reproducible porcine model of aortic dilatation, which recapitulates the structural and biochemical changes observed during human TAA development. Methods and Results—Descending TAAs were induced in Yorkshire pigs (20–25 kg; n=7) through intra-adventitial injections of collagenase (5 mL, 0.35 mg/mL) and periadventitial application of crystalline CaCl2 (0.5 g). Three weeks after TAA induction, aortas were harvested and tissue was collected for biochemical and histological measurements. A subset of animals underwent MRI preoperatively an...
Quantifying Movement of a Minute Parasitoid, Anagrus epos (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Using Fluorescent Dust Marking and Recapture

Abstract A mark–recapture methodology is presented for quantifying dispersal parameters for small hymenopteran parasitoids. Results of studies using this methodology are presented for the egg parasitoidAnagrus epos(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) dispersing in grape vineyards in California.A. eposwas found to exhibit some upwind displacement in all three mark–recapture trials and strong directional upwind displacement in one of the trials. A preliminary estimate of 520 m2/day is suggested for the diffusion rate ofA. eposin mid-summer at high host densities. The high mobility and directionality exhibited by this parasitoid support concerns regarding dispersal of biocontrol agents away from target areas following augmentative releases. Application of this methodology to other small parasitoids should be feasible and will contribute to effective augmentative biological control.
Conformational origin of the molecular weight dependence of the characteristic ratio of the dipole moment in poly(A-B)

Abstract By poly(A-B) we denote a chain with repeating sequence –A-B–, such as polyoxymethylene. Here A and B stand for a single atom, e.g., –O–, or a group of atoms, e.g., –CH2–. All n bond vectors are of the same length, l, as are all bond dipole moment vectors, m. The manner in which the characteristic ratio of the dipole moment, Dn≡〈μ2〉0/nm2 approaches its asymptotic limit is related quantitatively to the behavior of subchains of various sizes in poly(A-B). Illustrative numerical calculations with rotational isomeric state (RIS) models for several polymers are consistent with the predictions. The approach of Dn to its asymptotic limit is sensitive to longer subchains than is the approach of the characteristic ratio of the end-to-end distance, Cn≡〈r2〉0/nl2, to its asymptotic limit, due to the differences in the connectivity of the bond vectors (head-to-tail) and the bond dipole moment vectors (head-to-head, tail-to-tail).
Large-scale structure of isotropic homogeneous turbulence

It is shown that the longitudinal correlation functionf is asymptotically proportional tor −3 asr→∞ and the energy spectrum function is asymptotically proportional toκ 2 asκ→0 if and only if 0<〈(f u d 3 x)·u〉<∞. Moreover, the latter finiteness condition is shown to be essentially equivalent to 〈(fy·ud 3 x)2〉<∞ for nonstochasticyeL 2(R3). Confirmed by recent experimental measurements, the larger dependencef ∝r −3 is concomitant with anO(r −6)=O(f 2) fall-off of the viscous force term in the Karman-Howarth equation.
THE BABY DOE CASE: A TECHNIQUE TO ADDRESS VALUES, DEVIANCE, AND HANDICAPS*

When teaching introductory-level classes, I try to make certain that the activities I include meet three criteria. First, they should actively involve students. As many humanist sociologists argue, "We need teaching practices that encourage the student's actual experience of being critically aware, socially creative and cooperatively related to all other living things" (Rader 1979, p. 92). Second, they should be entertaining as well as educational. Third, the activity should fit within the amount of time allotted to the class. Meeting these criteria may be difficult but can be accomplished if one is willing to experiment. The Baby Doe Case activity described here is the result of my experimentation and one that meets the prescribed criteria.
Electrical resistivity, acoustic attenuation and the impurity scattering potential of nearly-free electron metals

Abstract Measurements of the electrical resistivity, acoustic attenuation and the use of the Friedel sum rule may be sufficient to determine experimentally the leading phase shifts for the electron-impurity scattering potential in nearly-free electron dilute metal alloys.
Solar energy development and aquatic ecosystems in the southwestern United States: potential impacts, mitigation, and research needs.

The cumulative impacts of utility-scale solar energy facilities on aquatic ecosystems in the Southwestern United States are of concern, considering the many existing regional anthropogenic stressors. We review the potential impacts of solar energy development on aquatic habitat and biota. The greatest potential for impacts is related to the loss, fragmentation, or prolonged drying of ephemeral water bodies and drainage networks resulting from the loss of desert washes within the construction footprint of the facility. Groundwater-dependent aquatic habitat may also be affected by operational groundwater withdrawal in the case of water-intensive solar technologies. Solar panels have also been found to attract aquatic insects and waterbirds, potentially resulting in mortality. Avoiding construction activity near perennial and intermittent surface waters is the primary means of reducing impacts on aquatic habitats, followed by measures to minimize erosion, sedimentation, and contaminant inputs into waterways. Currently, significant data gaps make solar facility impact assessment and mitigation more difficult. Examples include the need for more regional and site-specific studies of surface–groundwater connectivity, more detailed maps of regional stream networks and riparian vegetation corridors, as well as surveys of the aquatic communities inhabiting ephemeral streams. In addition, because they often lack regulatory protection, there is also a need to develop valuation criteria for ephemeral waters based on their ecological and hydrologic function within the landscape. By addressing these research needs, we can achieve the goal of greater reliance on solar energy, while at the same time minimizing impacts on desert ecosystems.
Effects of growth factors on an intestinal epithelial cell line: Transforming growth factor β inhibits proliferation and stimulates differentiation

Abstract The effects of epidermal growth factor transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and other growth factors on the proliferation and differentiation of a cell line derived from rat intestinal crypt epithelium (IEC-6) were defined. Incorporation of [ 3 H]-thymidine was stimulated 1.4–2.4 fold by insulin, insulin like growth factor (IGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 2% fetal calf serum (FCS) respectively. Additive stimulation was observed when FCS was supplemented by insulin, IGF-I or PDGF but not EGF. Incorporation of [ 3 H]-thymidine by IEC-6 was strongly inhibited by TGFβ with greater than 80% inhibition of incorporation at concentration ≅ 2.0 pM. IEC-6 cells bound 4.1±0.15×10 4 molecules TGFβ/cell and appeared to have only a single class of high affinity receptors (Kd ≅ 0.5 pM). TGFβ inhibition was unaffected by the presence of insulin or IGF-I suggesting it inhibits proliferation at a step subsequent to that at which these growth factors stimulate [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation. TGFβ also reduced the stimulation induced by FCS by 65%. In contrast EGF reduced TGFβ inhibition by 60%. IEC-6 cells demonstrated the appearance of sucrase activity after > 18 hours treatment with TGFβ. These findings suggest that TGFβ may inhibit proliferative activity and promote the development of differentiated function in intestinal epithelial cells.
Optical investigations of excitation processes responsible for ionized sputtered species in a low pressure, low current, coaxial geometry glow discharge

Abstract Investigations of a low pressure (0.3–2.0 torr, 30–270 Pa), low current (1–4 mA), coaxial geometry glow discharge were undertaken to investigate the role of a charge exchange mechanism in the ionization of sputtered cathode material for argon and neon discharges. Emission from three copper ion transitions served as a probe of the charge exchange process. The three transitions monitored were the 221.81 and 224.26 nm transitions which are not accessible to a charge exchange reaction, and the 224.70 nm transition which may undergo charge exchange with an argon ion level. A significant enhancement of the 224.70 nm transition relative to the other two would provide evidence that a charge exchange process is occurring. The results of these investigations did not show a significant enhancement of the 224.70 nm transition, indicating that under these discharge conditions charge exchange is not a significant contributor to the observed ionization of copper sputtered from the cathode surface. In addition, the behavior of each transition was observed with variations in discharge pressure and with the addition of methane to the discharge. All three transitions behaved in an identical manner, with signal peaks occurring at the same pressure as the peak argon metastable population for a pure argon discharge, and signals that decrease linearly for the 10% methane/argon mixture. These studies indicate a common mechanism of ion formation for all three transitions, providing evidence that charge exchange is not a significant contributor to discharge ionization of copper at the low currents employed in these coaxial geometry glow discharges.
Bargaining in cooperative games

This paper introduces a new solution concept for cooperative games without sidepayments, called the aspiration bargaining set, and proves that this set is nonempty for a wide, and economically interesting, class of games.
A one-parameter family of transforms, linearizing convolution laws for probability distributions

We study a family of transforms, depending on a parameterq∈[0,1], which interpolate (in an algebraic framework) between a relative (namely: -iz(log ℱ(·))′(-iz)) of the logarithm of the Fourier transform for probability distributions, and its free analogue constructed by D. Voiculescu ([16, 17]). The classical case corresponds toq=1, and the free one toq=0.
Pain management: Fibromyalgia drugs are 'as good as it gets' in chronic pain.

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials reveals some differences in the effects and indications of the three pharmalogical treatments for fibromyalgia. What can prescribing physicians glean from the results?
Influence of amino acid replacement at position 198 on catalytic properties of zinc-bound water in human carbonic anhydrase III

Carbonic anhydrase III, found predominantly in skeletal muscle, is the least efficient of the mammalian carbonic anhydrases in catalyzing the hydration of CO2. Phenylalanine-198 is located on the hydrophobic side of the active-site cavity with its phenyl ring in the proximity of the catalytically active zinc-bound water. We replaced phenylalanine-198 in human carbonic anhydrase III with seven other amino acids (Ala, Asn, Asp, His, Leu, Tyr, Val) using site-directed mutagenesis. The catalytic properties of these enzymes were determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and the exchange of 18O between CO2 and water was measured by mass spectrometry. All of the mutants had maximal values of kcat/Km for the hydration of CO2 enhanced, and five of the mutants had the pKa of the zinc-bound water increased compared with the wild-type enzyme. The largest effects were observed with the replacement Phe-198-->Asp which increased the maximal kcat/Km 140-fold and increased the pKa of the zinc-bound water from near 5 to 9.2. A Bronsted correlation was observed between log(kcat/Km) for hydration of CO2 and the pKa of the zinc-bound water (correlation coefficient r = 0.92); in addition, this pKa was inversely correlated with hydrophobicity of the residue at 198 (correlation coefficient r = -0.83). A direct correlation between the logarithm of the maximal kcat/Km for hydration and the logarithm of the pH-independent value of Ki for inhibition by cyanate (r = 0.95) indicated that the effect of the mutations at residue 198 occurred in large part by enhancement of the rate of dissociation of the enzyme-bicarbonate complex.
SWAN MRI revealing multiple microhemorrhages secondary to septic emboli from mucormycosis

A 77-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome presented with fever and acute renal failure, followed by right-sided hemiparesis, neglect, and aphasia. Neuroimaging revealed a left parietal-occipital ICH with extensive edema. T2-star susceptibility weighted angiography (SWAN) revealed multiple
Electrical conductivity of vapor-grown carbon fiber/thermoplastic composites

Conducting polymers are required for applications such as radio frequency interference shielding, primerless electrostatic painting, and static discharge. We have used vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) as an additive to investigate conducting thermoplastics for these applications. The electrical properties of VGCF/polypropylene (PP) and VGCF/nylon composites are very attractive compared with those provided by other conventional conducting additives. Because of the low diameter of the VGCF used, the onset of conductivity (percolation threshold) can be below 3 vol%. Because of the highly conductive nature of the fibers, particularly after a graphitization step, the composites can reach resistivities as low as 0.15 Ω cm.
HIF liquid hydraulics scaling and pocket design

Abstract High-temperature, low-vapor-pressure liquid jets can provide neutron shielding for inertial fusion energy target chambers. To minimize pumping power, free liquid jets must be located close to the target to reduce the total liquid volume required for shielding each fusion shot. Compact liquid geometry provides additional benefits in reducing focus-magnet stand off distance for heavy ion drivers and improving target performance. The disruption of the liquid due to close proximity to targets involves complex fluid mechanics, as does the subsequent droplet clearing and pocket regeneration. The ranges of time, length, and energy-density scales in liquid-protected target chambers are extreme, making scaling analysis a crucial component of designing experiments to understand individual and coupled hydraulics phenomena.
An artificial immune network approach to multi-sensor land use/land cover classification

An optimized artificial immune network-based classification model, namely OPTINC, was developed for remote sensing-based land use/land cover (LULC) classification. Major improvements of OPTINC compared to a typical immune network-based classification model (aiNet) include (1) preservation of the best antibodies of each land cover class from the antibody population suppression, which ensures that each land cover class is represented by at least one antibody; (2) mutation rates being self-adaptive according to the model performance between training generations, which improves the model convergence; and (3) incorporation of both Euclidean distance and spectral angle mapping distance to measure affinity between two feature vectors using a genetic algorithm-based optimization, which helps the model to better discriminate LULC classes with similar characteristics. OPTINC was evaluated using two sites with different remote sensing data: a residential area in Denver, CO with high-spatial resolution QuickBird image and LiDAR data, and a suburban area in Monticello, UT with HyMap hyperspectral imagery. A decision tree, a multilayer feed-forward back-propagation neural network, and aiNet were also tested for comparison. Classification accuracy, local homogeneity of classified images, and model sensitivity to training sample size were examined. OPTINC outperformed the other models with higher accuracy and more spatially cohesive land cover classes with limited salt-and-pepper noise. OPTINC was relatively less sensitive to training sample size than the neural network, followed by the decision tree.
Immigrant journalism, ideology and the production of transnational media spaces

Since the election of Hugo Chavez in 1999 and the subsequent growth of Venezuelan immigration to the United States, there has been an explosion of Venezuelan media in South Florida. These media are focused on local issues confronting this expanding immigrant community. However, the mediated communication being produced among its members is also transnational in scope; events taking place in Venezuela heavily inform the content of these outlets. This research analyses 34 interviews with Venezuelan journalists in South Florida in order to further our understanding of the production of immigrant media within a transnational context. The results point to a hybrid form of journalism, one that draws on cultural background and national identity while also relying on ideology and connections to fellow immigrants. The outcome appears to be the production of transnational media spaces that represent new directions for the study of diasporic communication and the formation of transnational networks.
On the Kuiper test for normality with mean and variance unknown

Summary A modified form of the Kuiper statistic Vn is developed for testing the composite hypothesis that a sample of size n comes from a normal population with unspecified mean and variance. Its distribution is derived using Monte Carlo methods. Power comparison with the adjusted Kuiper test proposed by Louter and Koerts [6] indicates that our test is superior with respect to certain alternatives.
Nonlinearly coupled generalized Fokker-Planck equation for rotational relaxation.

We have investigated the stochastic dynamics of a one dimensional rotor with ${\mathit{C}}_{3}$ symmetry and zero barrier to rotation about the symmetry axis. Angular momentum correlation functions derived from various stochastic dynamics models were compared to the corresponding correlation functions obtained from a molecular dynamics simulation [G. Widmalm, R. W. Pastor, and T. E. Bull, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 4097 (1991)]. None of the existing classical models agrees with the simulation; and we have shown in general that no linearly coupled generalized Langevin equation with Gaussian random noise can reproduce the simulation results. A quantum stochastic dynamics model [T. E. Bull, Chem. Phys. 143, 381 (1990)] extrapolated to the classical limit does, however, agree with the computer simulations. But this model is limited to very small molecules because the matrices involved become prohibitively large for even moderately sized molecules. In order to address some of these limitations, we have constructed a nonlinearly coupled rotor-bath model for the rotor. The form of the nonlinear coupling between the rotor and bath is determined by the symmetry of the rotor. A classical nonlinearly coupled generalized Langevin equation and its corresponding nonlinearly coupled Fokker-Planck equation were derived from this microscopic rotor-bath model using the projection operator formalism. In the limit of white noise, these equations reduce to the standard equations derived with linear coupling. With colored noise, however, the linearly and nonlinearly coupled equations are distinct. Angular momentum correlation functions calculated with this nonlinearly coupled Fokker-Planck equation are in excellent agreement with the simulations both in terms of the short time Gaussian decay and long time exponential tail and in terms of the magnitudes of the correlation functions. Collision operators derived from this model should therefore provide a more accurate connection between experimentally measured quantities and the underlying microscopic dynamics.
Modular synthesis of photocleavable peptides using click chemistry

Abstract A modular synthesis of photocleavable peptides was developed. Peptide based kinase substrates were modified on solid support with a traceless linker derived from 1-(2-nitrophenyl)propargyl alcohol and coupled to azide functionalized cell-penetrating peptides using Cu(I) catalyzed click chemistry.
Conditioned changes in appetitive and consummatory responses to flavors paired with oral or nutrient reinforcement among adult rats.

Abstract Recent studies of the behavioral organization of conditioned flavor preferences have suggested the involvement of at least two separate learning systems—an appetitive response system sensitive to the oral hedonic properties of the reinforcer, and a consummatory response system sensitive to its nutrient properties. However, these prior studies were conducted with weanling rats, that differ from adults in terms of their prior experience with food, their learning competencies, and the peculiar ontogenetic constraints on their behavior. It is, therefore, unknown whether flavor preference behaviors are similarly organized in adult rats. In this experiment, adult rats were trained to associate a specific CS flavor with either the sweet taste or the postingestive nutrient effects of sucrose. Conditioned appetitive orienting and consummatory oral responding to the CS flavors were then measured. Unlike weanling rats, adult rats exhibited both conditioned appetitive behavior and conditioned consummatory behavior in response a CS that was previously paired with either oral hedonic or nutrient reinforcement. These results suggest a set of important developmental changes in the neurobehavioral mechanisms of flavor preference learning in the postweaning period.
Amino acid digestibility and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in copra meal, palm kernel expellers, and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to deter- mine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of AA (Exp. 1) and the concentra- tion of DE and ME (Exp. 2) in copra meal (CM), palm kernel expellers from Indonesia (PKE-IN), palm kernel expellers from Costa Rica (PKE-CR), palm kernel meal from Costa Rica (PKM), and soybean meal (SBM). In Exp. 1, 6 barrows (BW = 34.0 ± 1.4 kg) were randomly allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 diets and 6 periods. One diet contained 30% SBM and 4 diets were formulated with 20% SBM and 30% (as-fed basis) CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, or PKM. The last diet was an N-free diet that was used to measure basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The SID of CP and all indispensable AA except Met, Thr, and Trp was less (P 0.05) in the SID of CP and all indispensable AA between PKE-CR and SBM, but the SID of CP and all indispensable AA were less (P 0.05) in the SID of all indispensable AA among CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, and PKM. In Exp. 2, 48 barrows (BW = 35.2 ± 3.0 kg) were housed individually in metabolism cages and allotted to 6 diets in a random- ized complete block design with 8 replicate pigs per diet. A corn-based diet and 5 diets containing 70% of the corn diet and 30% of CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, PKM, or SBM were formulated, and the DE and ME in CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, PKM, and SBM were calculated using the sub- stitution procedure. The DE (3692, 3304, 2994, and 2905 kcal/kg DM) and ME (3496, 3184, 2883, and 2766 kcal/ kg DM) in CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, and PKM, respec- tively, were less (P < 0.05) than the DE and ME in SBM (4275 and 4062 kcal/kg DM, respectively). Copra meal had greater (P < 0.05) DE than PKE-IN, PKE-CR, and PKM and greater (P < 0.05) ME than PKE-CR and PKM. The DE in PKE-IN was greater (P < 0.05) than in PKM. In conclusion, the SID of most indispensable AA is less in CM, PKE-IN, and PKM than in SBM, but no differences among CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, and PKM were observed. The concentrations of DE and ME are less in CM, PKE- IN, PKE-CR, and PKM than in SBM. The DE and ME of CM are greater than in PKE-CR and PKM.
An experimental business game

Most of us have played Monopoly for amusement, but now industry is beginning to take similar games seriously as training situations for management personnel. Groups of executives are sent to “retreats” to play business games to learn what is involved in makiig decisions. Here is an example of a business game used as a research tool for the study of human behavior in conflict situations.
Characterization of an endogenous RNA transcript with homology to the antisense strand of the human c-myc gene.

Abstract In addition to being regulated by a complex array of cis- and trans-acting factors, c-myc protooncogene expression may be modulated by antisense RNA transcripts. Our previous studies have determined that depletion of intracellular polyamines by alpha-difluoromethylornithine results in a marked decrease in the transcription of the human c-myc gene. Because of reports that antisense transcription occurs in the 5' and 3' regions of this gene, we used a genomic clone of the human c-myc gene to ascertain whether polyamine depletion might induce an antisense RNA transcript. These studies demonstrate that polyamine depletion of the human colon cancer cell line COLO 320 results in induction of an endogenous RNA transcript with high homology to the antisense strand of the second intervening sequence (PvuII-RsaI) of the c-myc gene. Furthermore, during such depletion, steady state levels of this transcript vary inversely to the sense direction c-myc RNA. RNase protection studies suggest that the antisense transcript may arise from a different gene locus than the c-myc gene. To further identify the origins of this RNA, a cDNA library was generated from size-selected RNA and screened with c-myc sequences. A 438-base pair cDNA was isolated with approximately 85% homology, to a 285-base region in the second intron of the c-myc gene. Computer homology analysis further reveals that a 120-base region within this cDNA also has approximately 85% homology to the antisense strands of a number of genes, including the growth-related genes, N-myc, p53, and thymidine kinase. These studies provide the initial characterization of an endogenous antisense RNA transcript which could influence cell growth by modulating the expression of c-myc and other genes.
Flavor asymmetry in the light-quark sea of the nucleon

Parton distributions with an excess of down quarks over up quarks in the sea can reproduce data on the structure functions {ital F}{sub 2}{sup {mu}{ital p}}, {ital F}{sub 2}{sup {mu}{ital n}}, and {ital xscrF}{sub 3}{sup {nu}{ital N}}. A model calculation in chiral field theory shows how an up-down asymmetry can arise from the dissociation of a quark into a quark plus a pion within the nucleon. This effect is large enough to account for the Gottfried-sum-rule defect reported by the New Muon Collaboration. Similar calculations may advance the understanding of other quasistatic properties of hadrons.
AUTOMATIC ACQUISITION OF SUBCATEGORIZATION FRAMES FROM UNTAGGED TEXT

This paper describes an implemented program that takes a raw, untagged text corpus as its only input (no open-class dictionary) and generates a partial list of verbs occurring in the text and the subcategorization frames (SFs) in which they occur. Verbs are detected by a novel technique based on the Case Filter of Rouvret and Vergnaud (1980). The completeness of the output list increases monotonically with the total number of occurrences of each verb in the corpus. False positive rates are one to three percent of observations. Five SFs are currently detected and more are planned. Ultimately, I expect to provide a large SF dictionary to the NLP community and to train dictionaries for specific corpora.