cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical results of treatment with E. coli L-asparaginase in adults with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors

E. coli L-asparaginase (A-ase) was administered to 163 adults with different forms of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors. Six of 11 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 4 of 32 patients with acute myeloblastic, myelomonoblastic, or undifferentiated leukemia had complete or good partial remissions. Doses of 10 to 5000 IU/kg/day were used, but there was no clear correlation between dose and therapeutic response, nor with any particular preparation of A-ase. Some of the others had transient physical and/or hematologic improvement, but remission was not achieved. Nineteen patients with myeloblastic leukemia, 4 with lymphoblastic and 3 with undifferentiated, had no response. Eight patients with acute leukemia (7 lymphoblastic and one myeloblastic), who were already in complete remission induced with other agents, were treated with 1000 IU/kg/day or higher doses of A-ase for one month or longer. Seven were given no further therapy. The disease relapsed within 2-5 months in 6 patients, but one is still in remission after 8 months. The eighth patient is still in remission after 3 months but is receiving other chemotherapy. Partial hematologic responses occurred in one patient with untreated chronic granulocytic leukemia, in 4 of 5 patients in a blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia, and in 2 of 3 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but in none of these patients was the response of substantial clinical benefit. Two patients with disseminated lymphosarcoma or reticulum cell sarcoma had excellent therapeutic responses to A-ase, and 4 others showed some improvement while 14 had no detectable response. Eight patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease showed no response. One patient with malignant melanoma with multiple cutaneous metastases had temporary regression of his metastatic nodules with A-ase on several occasions, but evaluation of this case was complicated by other chemotherapy. Twenty-nine other patients with melanoma had no response nor did 45 patients with other types of solid tumors. Some toxic manifestations of A-ase occurred in almost all patients; these were generally more severe and sometimes were intolerable at higher dosage levels. The toxicity will be discussed in detail in an accompanying report.
Modeling cooperation among self-interested agents: a critique

Abstract This paper reviews recent attempts to model cooperation in groups of self-interested unrelated individuals. It concludes that no empirically plausible model has been developed, and the economist's quest for an explanation of human prosociality in terms of self-interested agents has not been successful. We show that the equilibrium criteria employed in standard game-theoretic models have no attractive dynamic properties, and the mechanisms deployed in these models are not generally seen in empirical examples of cooperative groups. We also show that these models are not robust to plausible rates of signaling error and mutation. We present an alternative, involving strongly reciprocal agents, that satisfies all the requirements for a dynamically stable model of cooperation.
Internal Oxidation of Ag-In Alloys: Stress Relief and the Influence of Imposed Strain,

The kinetics of internal oxidation of silver-indium alloys containing 3.5, 5.9, and 9.8 at.% In in air at temperatures 773 to 973 K were established by TGA with no load applied to the specimens. Silver nodules free of oxide particles were observed to form at the surface during internal oxidation. The volume of these silver nodules was comparable to the total volume increase caused by internal oxidation. The alloys were also creep tested during oxidation in air at creep rates varying from 10−7 to 5×10−5 s−1 at 773, 873, and 973 K. The parabolic rate constants kp for the internal oxidation of the solute were determined from the measured widths of the internal oxidation zones. A small increase in kp was observed with increased strain rate. The large volume change associated with internal oxide formation resulted in a stress gradient between the stress-free surface and the internal oxidation front which is under a high compressive stress. Stress relief occurred by transport of silver to the surface. A Nabarro-Herring creep type mechanism based on lattice diffusion of Ag cannot account for the high rate of silver transport to the surface. Pipe-diffusion controlled creep is proposed as the mechanism of stress accommodation by silver diffusion.
204 INSULIN BINDING STUDIES IN NORMAL INFANTS (NI) AND INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS (IDM)

Insulin excess has been implicated in the greater perinatal morbidity and mortality in IDM. Since insulin acts by binding to cell surface receptors, we studied the receptors on cord blood monocytes of 22 NI and 8 IDM delivered by elective C-section at 36-38 wks. gestation. IDM had more receptor sites per monocyte (105,000) than NI (38,000) and 12 normal adults (25,000) studied similarly. The higher number of receptors in IDM occurred in the face of higher concentrations of insulin in their cord blood than in NI. Monocytes from both NI and IDM showed greater affinity for insulin than those from adults, (4.63 and 4.55 vs. 2.35×108 M−1 p<0.025). In NI of similar gestational age, a significant correlation was found between birthweight and insulin binding. Insulin binding to liver plasma membranes of fetal rats increased progressively from 14 d gestation through birth. At birth the maximum binding capacity was significantly greater per 100ug protein (25ng insulin) than in adult rat membranes, (17ng insulin, p<0.025). Scatchard analysis also showed that binding affinity constants were markedly greater for term fetuses than adults (Ke=3.94×108 vs. 2.85×108 M−1). Thus, in contrast to down-regulation of receptor number reported in adult hyperinsulinemia, IDM have an increase in receptor number which may be an exaggeration of the developmental process observed in normal fetuses. Greater binding of insulin to tissue of IDM may therefore expose these infants to greater hazards from the effects of insulin.
Elastic scattering of 50.8 MeV protons from the even samarium isotopes

Abstract Angular distributions were measured over the angular range of 12° – 130°. Forward of ≈60° the angular distributions are very similar; at larger angles the amplitude of the oscillations increases and the cross sections decrease with increasing target deformation.
A New Educational Approach for Supporting the Professional Development of Third Year Medical Students

This paper describes a new course designed to support the professional development of third-year medical students. The course runs through the clinical clerkships, and has several additional features: it includes a multidisciplinary faculty; it is centrally based in the medical school; it addresses students’ values and attitudes in addition to their knowledge and skills; and it makes use of small-group learning methods, and faculty, student, and group continuity during the year. The curriculum, which addresses ethical, social, and communicative issues in medicine, plus the evaluation of students and of the course, are described.
Single Channel Function of Recombinant Type-1 Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Splice Variants

In this study we describe the expression and function of the two rat type-1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) ligand binding domain splice variants (SI+/-/SII+). Receptor protein from COS-1 cells transfected with the type-1 InsP3R expression plasmids (pInsP3R-T1, pInsP3R-T1ALT) or control DNA were incorporated into planar lipid bilayers and the single channel properties of the recombinant receptors were defined. The unitary conductance of the two splice variants were approximately 290 pS with Cs+ as charge carrier and approximately 65 pS with Ca2+ as charge carrier. Both InsP3R expression products consistently behaved like those of the native type-1 receptor isoform isolated from cerebellum in terms of their InsP3, Ca2+, and heparin sensitivity. An InsP3 receptor ligand binding domain truncation lacking the 310 amino-terminal amino acids (pInsP3R-DeltaT1ALT) formed tetrameric complexes but failed to bind InsP3 with high affinity, and did not form functional Ca2+ channels when reconstituted in lipid bilayers. These data suggest that 1) the ligand binding alternative splice site is functionally inert in terms of InsP3 binding and single channel function, and 2) the single channel properties of the expressed recombinant type-1 channel are essentially identical to those of the native channel. This work establishes a foundation from which molecular/biophysical approaches can be used to define the structure-function properties of the InsP3 receptor channel family.
Lahiri's Hawthornian Roots: Art and Tradition in “Hema and Kaushik”

Hawthorne explores—in The House of Seven Gables and particularly The Marble Faun—how some artistic methods attempt to fix the past and escape tradition's grip while others participate in the reformation and revitalization of tradition. Lahiri draws on Hawthorne's ideas and characters as she probes—in “Hema and Kaushik” and especially its final story, “Going Ashore”—how one's relation to the past affects and even determines one's ability to live out a hybrid, postnational identity.
Monitoring differential synthesis of RNA in individual cells by capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract A capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based technique is reported here to monitor differential RNA synthesis in individual Chinese hamster ovary cells at distinct stages of the cell proliferation cycle. Cell synchronization was achieved by the shake-off method, in which mitotic (M) cells were dislodged, and cells at G1, S, and G2 phases were harvested 2.5, 10, and 13 h, respectively, after synchronizing the mitotic cells. Thirty-two cells (eight from each phase) were analyzed by injecting each cell into the capillary, lysing it with dilute surfactant, separating the RNA by capillary electrophoresis, and detecting the peaks with laser-induced fluorescence. The results from single cells show that the total amount of RNA increased at each successive stage (from G1 to M), while the relative synthetic rates of different RNA fractions varied with progression through the cycle. There was a threefold increase in the synthetic rate of total RNA from S to G2, compared with G1 to S. In addition, differential accumulation of specific RNA fractions was observed, with the low-molecular-mass fraction exhibiting a much higher synthetic rate from G2 to M, relative to the rates of the larger ribosomal RNA (rRNA) fractions. Comparison of the large rRNA fractions with one another reveals that at S phase more 28S rRNA was accumulated than 18S rRNA, and at G1 and M phases, the synthetic rate of 28S rRNA was slowed compared with that of 18S. Minimal sample preparation, combined with the separation power of CE and single-cell detection sensitivity of laser-induced fluorescence, results in a simple method for assessing differential accumulation of RNA from distinct individual cells.
Subsurface diffusion of oxide electrolyte decomposition products in metal fluoride nanocomposite electrodes

Abstract Conversion materials based on metal fluorides offer enhanced charge capacity as positive electrodes in Li-ion electrochemical cells. However, to date, little is understood about the interactions these structurally dynamic materials have with nonaqueous electrolytes during both lithiation and delithiation. Such interactions are explored using bismuth (III) fluoride. This work details the evolution of the electrolyte decomposition products at both highly oxidizing potentials (4.5 V vs . Li/Li + ) and during delithiation of the positive electrode after having formed a decomposition layer via electrochemical reduction of the electrolyte solvents. For the first time, the impact of the electrolyte reactions on the surface and subsurface chemistry of the inorganic conversion material is explored. Observed results offer an explanation for the direct influence of electrolyte choice on cycling efficiency of metal fluoride conversion materials.
Hardware and software systems for commissioning the D0 detector

Abstract The D0 detector has over 100 000 input channels and over 7000 printed circuit boards distributed across seven major systems. This paper describes some of the hardware and software tools that are being developed to aid in installing and commissioning the detector electronics up to the level-2 trigger system.
NEW FINITE-DIFFERENCE SOLUTION METHODS FOR WAVE INSTABILITY PROBLEMS

Two finite-difference methods are proposed for solving wave instability problems with and without coupling between momentum and energy equations. Neutral critical stability results are compared with those generated by the Runge-Kutta integration method in conjunction with an orthonormalization procedure. The new finite-difference methods are found to be very accurate, timesaving, and easy to program. They can also be applied to solve systems of high-order ordinary differential equations.
Crystallographic groups and homogeneous statistical solutions of navier-stokes equations

In this paper, we investigate the connection between crystallographic groups and homogeneous statistical solutions of Navier-Stokes equations. Several results of Foias and Temam are extended. Fluid flows invariant under crystallographic groups are studied. This idea may be of interest to the understanding of bifurcation and turbulence.
Speculations on the mechanism of action of hallucinogenic indolealkylamines.

Abstract In this review we attempt to develop a fluid theoretical model which is being used as a strategy-base for future experimentation. The first two sections (A and B) describe how we have conducted our research, and present the perspective value of each. This is important because the research strategies developed in these laboratories over the last 5 years combine in vitro and in vivo pharmacological technqiues as a means of understanding mechanisms of drug action. Sections C and D attempt to describe how we interpret our data and how we have utilized these data to formulate hypotheses concerning drug mechanisms. The last section of this review sets forth our own ideas on how we believe hallucinogenic agents produce their effects and presents some original data, which we feel, allows us to develop the overall hypotheses presented.
Improved system for binary multiplication by optical convolution

We have examined an experimental acousto-optical computing system based on multiplication by binary convolution. Although this technique has previously been discussed, there are few reports regarding its experimental implementation. In our studies, we find several disadvantages in the proposed system configurations and report a simple yet powerful improvement that makes this technique much more practical. The paper includes a description of earlier designs, as well as the improved design, and gives experimental results.
Accurate Monte Carlo simulations for nozzle design, commissioning and quality assurance for a proton radiation therapy facility

Monte Carlo dosimetry calculations are essential methods in radiation therapy. To take full advantage of this tool, the beam delivery system has to be simulated in detail and the initial beam parameters have to be known accurately. The modeling of the beam delivery system itself opens various areas where Monte Carlo calculations prove extremely helpful, such as for design and commissioning of a therapy facility as well as for quality assurance verification. The gantry treatment nozzles at the Northeast Proton Therapy Center (NPTC) at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) were modeled in detail using the GEANT4.5.2 Monte Carlo code. For this purpose, various novel solutions for simulating irregular shaped objects in the beam path, like contoured scatterers, patient apertures or patient compensators, were found. The four-dimensional, in time and space, simulation of moving parts, such as the modulator wheel, was implemented. Further, the appropriate physics models and cross sections for proton therapy applications were defined. We present comparisons between measured data and simulations. These show that by modeling the treatment nozzle with millimeter accuracy, it is possible to reproduce measured dose distributions with an accuracy in range and modulation width, in the case of a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP), of better than 1 mm. The excellent agreement demonstrates that the simulations can even be used to generate beam data for commissioning treatment planning systems. The Monte Carlo nozzle model was used to study mechanical optimization in terms of scattered radiation and secondary radiation in the design of the nozzles. We present simulations on the neutron background. Further, the Monte Carlo calculations supported commissioning efforts in understanding the sensitivity of beam characteristics and how these influence the dose delivered. We present the sensitivity of dose distributions in water with respect to various beam parameters and geometrical misalignments. This allows the definition of tolerances for quality assurance and the design of quality assurance procedures.
Synthesis of a 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl Ester Analogue of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): A Potential Route to the Natural Product Green Tea Catechin, EGCG

The synthesis of a trimethoxybenzoyl ester (D-ring) analogue of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is described. The versatile synthesis route can be used to synthesize A, B, and D ring analogues of EGCG and involves a key cyclization of the chalcone to the 3-flavene. This synthesis provides a possible route to the polyphenolic green tea natural product EGCG.
Emilia Pardo-Bazan and the Americas*

The centenary of the birth of Dona Emilia Pardo-Bazan in 1852 is being celebrated with an enthusiasm which indicates that at last her remarkable qualities are properly appreciated. Most of the centenary celebrations stress her creative work as the author of the novels Los Pazos de Ulloa and La Madre Naturaleza. Her fictional writings are so distinguished that there is a tendency to forget that her historical and critical works are unusual and worthy of study. It may be relevant to note here that she wrote several books about the Franciscan movement and that she was a member of the Third Order of Saint Francis. Her two-volume San Francisco de Asis (1882) was highly praised by Pope Leo XIII, and she celebrated the fourth centenary of the discovery of America in her study Los Franciscanos y Colon (1892).
Transoceanic Migrations of the Green Turtle

One aspect of the program of studies of marine turtles being carried out at the University of Florida' has been a small tagging project at Ascension Island, in the South Atlantic between Brazil and Africa. The aim was to test the assumption that the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, is capable of long-range open-water navigation. Our much more extensive tagging data from Tortuguero, Costa Rica (3,000 green turtles tagged; 120 international returns) have shown clearly that Chelonia is a periodic long-distance migrant. The mainland location of that nesting ground, however, makes it difficult to prove that the turtles do not locate the place by following shorelines.
Viewing Time as an Objective Measure of Sexual Interest in Heterosexual Men and Women

The present study assessed viewing time as a measure of sexual interest in self-identified heterosexual men and women. Participants (N = 106) rated the sexual appeal of sexually provocative pictures while the length of time they spent viewing each picture was unobtrusively measured. As hypothesized, (1) men and women viewed opposite sex pictures significantly longer than same sex pictures, (2) men viewed opposite sex pictures significantly longer than did women, and (3) women viewed same sex pictures significantly longer than did men. Contrary to our prediction, (4) ratings of sexual appeal and viewing time were uncorrelated for either men or women when viewing opposite sex pictures. The results of this study suggest that viewing time is a good measure of categorical sexual interest but a poor measure of within-category sexual interest for heterosexual men and women. The participant sex by picture type interaction noted in both subjective ratings and viewing times was consistent with the literature supporting the idea that men’s sexual interest is more strongly category-specific than is the sexual interest of women.
Radiative recombination of complex ions.

The rates of radiative capture by atomic systems is computed for the first four ionization stages of the abundant elements C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Ar. A simple prescription is given for calculating the rates for systems in higher ionization stages. Results for capture to atomic helium are also given. In the general case, recent calculations of photoionization cross sections have been used to compute capture rates to levels of the ground-state configuration of the recombined species. Captures to other levels of the valence shell and to the higher shells are evaluated using hydrogenic formulae but with a correction factor which takes into account the nonhydrogenic nature of these states. This correction factor is due to the incomplete shielding by the inner electrons and represents essentially an effective charge for the recombining ion; it is determined semiempirically from an appropriate weighting of values derived from the observed level structure for each species. In some cases, for the capture to neutral atomic systems, its application increases the resulting computed recombination rate by a significant amount (about 50%). Computed recombination rates are tabulated for the four ionization stages at an electron temperature of 10,000 K and for the first stage at 100 K. A convenient procedure is outlined for evaluating the rates at other temperatures in the general neighborhood of these values.
Lepraria larrainiana (Stereocaulaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes), a new species from Central Chile

Lepraria larrainiana se describe como nueva para la ciencia basada en colecciones de una unica localidad en la costa de Chile central. La especie crece en dunas de arena estabilizadas y se caracteriza por la alta concentracion de los compuestos secundarios strepsilina y acido lecanorico.
A New Federal Health Care Strategy

patients examined in this study were taking cholinesterase inhibitors and 22% took memantine. Without strong empirical data, clinical judgmentmust rule.DavidKnopman,MD, a professor of neurology at theMayoClinic in Rochester, Minnesota, usually opts to continue cholinesterase inhibitors for patients withdementiawho liveathomebecausehe doesn’t want to run the risk of precipitating decline.But if apatient enters a skillednursing facility, he is likely to stop the medications. “If upon stopping them, the patient worsened, more resources would be at hand,” he said. Topping the list of medications that Sachsconsidersstopping inpatientswithadvanced illness are drugs to prevent osteoporosis. “They’re difficult to take and several studies have shown that if you’ve been on thesemedications for 5 years, their benefitscarryonforsometimebeyond,”hesaid. StephenKates,MD,HansjorgWyssprofessor of orthopedics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry inNewYork, agreed. Forpatientswith life-threatening cancer, advanced dementia, or end-stagepulmonarydisease, his recommendation is decisive: “Stop the medicine altogether.”
Surface Micromachined Microfluidics: Example Microsystems, Challenges and Opportunities

A variety of fabrication techniques have been used to make microfluidic microsystems: bulk etching in silicon and glass, plastic molding and machining, and PDMS (silicone) casting. Surprisingly the most widely used method of integrated circuit (IC) fabrication (surface micromachining — SMM) has not been extensively utilized in microfluidics despite its wide use in MEMS. There are economic reasons that SMM is not often used in microfluidics; high infrastructure and start-up costs and relatively long fabrication times: and there are technical reasons; packaging difficulties, dominance of surface forces, and fluid volume scaling issues. However, there are also important technical and economic advantages for SMM microfluidics relating to large-scale batch, no-assembly fabrication, and intimate integration of mechanical, electrical, microfluidic, and nano-scale sub-systems on one chip. In our work at Sandia National Laboratories MDL (Microelectronics Development Lab) we have built on the existing MEMS SMM infrastructure to produce a variety of microfluidic microsystems. These example microsystems illustrate the challenges and opportunities associated with SMM microfluidics. In this paper we briefly discuss two SMM microfluidic microsystems (made in the SUMMiT™ and SwIFT™ processes — www.mdl.sandia.gov/micromachine ) in terms of technical challenges and unique SMM microfluidics opportunities. The two example microsystems are a DEP (dielectrophoretic) trap, and a drop ejector patterning system.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Effect of post-processing heat treatment on the fracture strength of a heat-pressed dental ceramic.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of post-processing heat treatment on the fracture strength of a heat-pressed lithium disilicate dental ceramic (OPC 3G). Bar-shaped wax patterns (2 × 4 × 22 mm; n = 60) were invested and heat pressed in an automated pressing machine according to manufacturer's recommendations. The bars were polished to 1200 grit and annealed at 600 °C for 1 h. Two groups were left untreated as controls, one of which was Vickers indented in oil prior to testing in three-point bending. Two groups were indented and then heat treated at either 800 or 825 °C for 30 min. The corresponding control groups were heat treated, then indented prior to testing. Optical micrographs of the indentations were taken before and after heat treatment under differential interference contrast. The fracture toughness and/or fracture strength of the specimens was determined by the indentation-strength technique in three-point bending. Indentation-generated cracks were not discernible by optical microscopy after heat treatment at either 800 or 825 °C for 30 min, even under 1000 × magnification. ANOVA and Tukey's test showed that heat treatment in air at 825 °C for 30 min significantly increased the fracture strength of a heat-pressable lithium disilicate ceramic. This result was attributed to healing of the flaws present in the material. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 68B: 174–179, 2004
Exogenous activation of δ- and κ-opioid receptors affords cardioprotection in isolated murine heart

Controversy exists regarding the relative roles of δ- and κ-opioid receptor activation as a potential cardioprotective mechanism. Furthermore, the function of opioid receptor activation in cardioprotection has not been examined in the murine heart. To this end, we employed various concentrations of selective δ - and κ-opioid receptor agonists in an isolated murine heart model undergoing 20 min global ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion. Left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) returned to 50.7 ± 2.1% of baseline values in untreated hearts. Infusion of the non-selective opioid agonist, morphine (10 µM), lead to a marked improvement in post-ischemic contractile recovery where LVDP returned to 65.5 ± 2.4% of baseline function. The δ-opioid selective agonist BW373U86 hydrochloride elicited maximal protection at a concentration of 1 µM which afforded 63.9 ± 3.4% recovery of LVDP. This effect was blocked by the δ-opioid selective antagonist, BNTX. Furthermore, administration of the κ-opioid selective agonist U50,488 (1 µM) produced a marked improvement in contractile recovery leading to a 72.5 ± 5.3% recovery of LVDP. This degree of protection was also abolished by the κ-opioid receptor antagonist, nor-BNI. No differences were noted in LDH efﬂux from post-ischemic hearts. These data suggest that exogenous activation of δ- and κ-opioid receptors afford protection against myocardial stunning in the isolated murine heart, an effect attenuated by selective receptor antagonists.
Skill acquisition in ‘high tech’ export agriculture: a case study of lifelong learning in Peru’s asparagus industry

As one of the world’s largest exporters of asparagus, Peru has developed a high‐tech system of asparagus production, processing and delivery that requires well‐trained and responsive workers. In this study we examine the role of both private and public sectors in preparing workers for the asparagus industry and the implications of this skill acquisition for lifelong learning policies. Drawing on surveys of managers and workers located at every link of the chain of asparagus production, we conclude that the private sector has taken the lead in providing lifelong learning opportunities for asparagus workers. The public sector’s most important contribution has been the establishment and support of an agricultural university in Lima that prepares many of the professionals working in asparagus production. We also find that asparagus workers have relatively high (by Latin American standards) levels of formal public education. We conclude by identifying several government‐sponsored initiatives that may be expand...
Semiotics in Mainstream American Communication Studies: A Review of Principal U.S.A. Journals in the Context of Communicology

This article reviews semiotics research in mainstream journals of communication. First, we offer a quantitative analysis of the extent to which the journals recognize semiotics as a legitimate area of concern. Second, we conduct a qualitative assessment of the few substantive contributions to semiotics in the communication literature in order to comprehend how the research conceives semiotics. We discuss both strengths and weaknesses of this very limited attention afforded semiotics and its relevance to promoting insightful semiotic scholarship more broadly in the communication discipline. Third, we contextualize our findings by suggesting that both implicit and explicit theoretical commitments incrementally imposed in the field's history and culture formed a barrier to advancing semiotic scholarship. Given a resurgence of interest in pragmatism (fueled by theoreticians such as C.S. Peirce, Dewey, Mead, and James), we end with a discussion of the relevance of semiotics to a fuller understanding of pragmat...
Coping Strategies of African American Adult Survivors of Childhood Violence.

To enhance recovery, counselors need to recognize the range of coping strategies used by African American clients. A retrospective qualitative study was conducted with 70 African American survivors of childhood violence. The primary goal of this study was to explore the use of coping strategies. Results indicated use of the following strategies: spirituality, community support, activism, creativity, confrontation, introspection, humor, therapy, safety precautions, desensitization, racial refraining/racial attribution, transcendence and temporal framing, and escapism. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. By attending to these strategies, counselors will be more equipped to address the recovery process of African American survivors of childhood physical and sexual violence.
Planning for Cooperative Multi-vehicle Reconnaissance

A methodology utilizing multiple, cooperating vehicles for reconnaissance is developed. Teams of vehicles can drastically improve tracking performance (time, information/uncertainty) by sharing information among vehicles and performing cooperativeestimation.Thispaperpresentsastrategyfordevelopingtaskassignmentandtrajectories for two or more vehicles together in order to enable cooperation in the reconnaissance problem to be developed. The approach uses optimal planning results from simpler problems as heuristics to seed an optimization problem. A unique set of path primitives, clustering of targets, and cost bounding are used to alleviate the computational load, while maintaining performance. Simulation results show that the optimal results are recovered for over 90% of the cases up to four vehicles and eight targets, while the other cases give results that are within 1% of the optimal cost.
An evaluation of corynebacterium parvum during remission maintenance therapy in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The biologic impact and clinical toxicity of Corynebacterium parvum administered at a dose of 5 mg/M2 by intravenous or subcutaneous routes were evaluated in 18 children receiving combination chemotherapy for maintenance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission. Several nonspecific immunologic and hematologic parameters were evaluated. Patients were also monitored for changes in cutaneous sensitivity to histamine. No changes in any parameter were observed in patients after only one course of C parvum injection. However, after 6-10 courses, glass-adherent peripheral blood leukocytes of C parvum-treated patients augmented the response of PHA-stimulated autologous lymphocytes. In all nine patients studied who received C parvum injection subcutaneously for at least six months, there were significant increases in the mean bone marrow myelocyte-erythrocyte (ME) volumes compared to pretreatment values. These results suggest that periodic evaluations are desirable in patients receiving repeated administration of C parvum, since changes in immunologic and hematologic responses may be demonstrable only after several injections. In contrast to the reported experience in adults, subcutaneous C parvum administration children was not well tolerated, whereas intravenous infusion was generally well tolerated.
Developing a Robotics Education Platform using Android Based Cellbots (Abstract Only)

Robotics education is one of the most important subjects now and for the foreseeable future. Our project focuses on designing a robotics education platform, which includes extensive libraries of code that allows any student from high school to college level to study robotics. We also have significantly addressed two of the major problems in robotics, usability and affordability. Using a Cellbot, a robot that uses an Arduino microcontroller and an Android smartphone, enables us to quickly and affordably add new sensors or features to the entire robotics system. By combining a Cellbot with the advance software we developed, we have designed a system, which is easy to learn and allows the robot to perform numerous high performance tasks. As students advance in their programming abilities more complex algorithms and sensors can be easily added to the system. Effectively making the robot "grow" with the students.
Generalized matrix product and its relation to parallel architecture communication

The Air Force Image Algebra formalizes the notion of a generalized matrix product (GMP). The GMP is the basis for image-template operations in the Image Algebra. In a mathematical sense the GMP supports the combining of matrices using paradigms other than the dot product approach of linear algebra. This permits one to view linear and non-linear image transformations and mathematical morphology operations as different embodiments of the same concept. The GMP has been implemented on a variety of computers from sequential to massively parallel. Our experience with use of the GMP on parallel machines has shown that the GMP unifies the three concepts of many-to-one one-to-many and one-to-one data transfers (reduction replication and permutation respectively). This paper demonstrates the utility of the generalized mathx product as a tool in algorithm description. It discusses the relationship of the GMP to the three data transfer paradigms of massively parallel machines and shows how GMP mappings and their transposes can be efficiently implemented on massively parallel processors. It also presents code restructuring techniques necessary to implement GMP operations efficiently on sequential computers linking the general problem of serializing parallel programs to implementation of the GMP operation.
Full-State Feedback Control of a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine: A Comparison of Periodic and Constant Gains

An investigation of the performance of a model-based periodic gain controller is presented for a two-bladed, variable-speed, horizontal-axis wind turbine. Performance is based on speed regulation using full-span collective blade pitch. The turbine is modeled with five degrees-of-freedom; tower fore-aft bending, nacelle yaw, rotor position, and flapwise bending of each blade. An attempt is made to quantify what model degrees-of-freedom make the system most periodic, using Floquet modal properties. This justifies the inclusion of yaw motion in the model. Optimal control ideas are adopted in the design of both periodic and constant gain full-state feedback controllers, based on a linearized periodic model. Upon comparison, no significant difference in performance is observed between the two types of control in speed regulation.
Renal artery stretching and renovascular hypertension. An experimental study.

Abstract Renovascular hypertension was produced in rabbits by affixing one kidney to the iliac fossa to produce traction on the renal artery. Hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus was seen in the kidney in which the renal artery was stretched, whereas no juxtaglomerular apparatus hyperplasia was witnessed in the untouched kidney of rabbits. Whether traction on the renal artery is a sole or contributing factor to the pathogenesis of fibrous dysplasia of the arterial wall remains a moot point.
The Persistence of Anthropogenic Turbidity Plumes in a Shallow Water Estuary

Increased turbidity and light attenuation (Kd) in the suspended sediment plumes created by hydraulic clam dredging were examined in Chesapeake Bay, MD, U.S.A. Turbidity andKdvalues were measured along transects in areas with and without dredge plumes. The turbidity andKdof individual plumes were tracked as they returned to background levels using both Lagrangian and Eulerian techniques. Existing aerial photographs and a geographical information system (ARC/INFO) were used to examine plume sizes and dredge boat locations in relation to bathymetry. Hydraulic clam dredging produced plumes with significantly higher turbidity and light attenuation compared to background values. Plume characteristics were determined primarily by bottom sediment type and water depth. The greatest increase in turbidity and light attenuation occurred when dredges operated in shallow water (<1·0 m) where bottom sediments had increased amounts of silt and clay. Plume turbidity andKddissipated exponentially over time. The initial change in concentration of suspended sediments was rapid as the coarse sediments settled to the bottom. The rate of plume decay slowed as diffusion and resuspension acted on the finer sediments remaining in suspension. Some Lagrangian rates of plume dissipation were faster than Eulerian rates due to resuspension in shallow waters. Examination of aerial photographs indicated that 72% of the dredge boats digitized in the Chester River were operating in less than 2 m water. The area of a plume measured per boat in the Chester River was highly variable, ranging from 0·01 to 0·64 m2.
Injectable PolyHIPEs as High-Porosity Bone Grafts

Polymerization of high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) is a relatively new method for the production of high-porosity scaffolds. The tunable architecture of these polyHIPE foams makes them attractive candidates for tissue engineered bone grafts. Previously studied polyHIPE systems require either toxic diluents or high cure temperatures which prohibit their use as an injectable bone graft. In contrast, we have developed an injectable polyHIPE that cures at physiological temperatures to a rigid, high-porosity foam. First, a biodegradable macromer, propylene fumarate dimethacrylate (PFDMA), was synthesized that has appropriate viscosity and hydrophobicity for emulsification. The process of surfactant selection is detailed with particular focus on the key structural features of both polymer (logP values, hydrogen bond acceptor sites) and surfactant (HLB values, hydrogen bond donor sites) that enable stable HIPE formation. Incubation of HIPEs at 37 °C was used to initiate radical cross-linking of the unsa...
Perioperative Medicine in the United States

Summary Improving management of chronic medical conditions has contributed to increased life expectancy and a rising prevalence of severe comorbidities among surgical patients. Not surprisingly, the concept of perioperative medicine remains topical, in part due to this increase in patient acuity, coupled with imperatives to improve outcomes while controlling costs. Perioperative medicine is a relevant concept with increasingly overlapping boundaries between the traditional specialties. However, there has not been a uniform approach towards delineating the exact boundaries of, and the actual implementation of the relevant components of perioperative medicine. In this paper, we present an overview of our institution's approach developed according to the needs of a main tertiary referral center for a sparsely populated but geographically widespread largely rural state.
Factor analysis of laboratory and clinical measurements of dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to determine if there are three distinct factors representing ratings of dyspnea during laboratory exercise, clinical ratings of dyspnea, and pulmonary function in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 92) using factor analysis. Subjects (mean age 66 ± 7 yrs; FEV1% predicted 44.7 ± 14.0) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups to test the effects of three education and exercise training programs. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at 2 months after the intervention. Dyspnea ratings with laboratory exercise (SOB) were measured during incremental (ITT) and endurance (ETT) treadmill tests, and a six-minute walk (6MW) using the modified Borg scale. Clinical measures of dyspnea were measured with the Baseline and Transitional Dyspnea Index (BDI/TDI), UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ), Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MRC), Dyspnea subscale of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ-D), and a global dyspnea question. Pulmonary function parameters included FEV1% predicted, FEV1/FVC, and RV/TLC. The factor analysis yielded three factors that accounted for 58.7% of the total variance in the data: Factor 1, “Dyspnea with Laboratory Exercise” comprised ETT SOB end, ETT SOB isotime, ITTSOB end, ITT SOB isotime, ITT SOB/Time and ETT SOB/Time. Factor 2, “Clinical Dyspnea,” comprised 6MW SOB, 6MW SOB/Feet, BDI, SOBQ, MRC, Global SOB, CRQ-D. Measures of airway resistance (FEV1% predicted, FEV1/FVC) and hyperinflation (RV/TLC) loaded on a third factor, “Pulmonary Function.” An additional post hoc factor analysis with post-intervention data provided similar results. The Global SOB question and ITT SOB isostage variables were relatively more sensitive to change compared to the other outcome variables. We conclude that pulmonary function, clinical ratings of dyspnea, and laboratory ratings of dyspnea are three separate and independent factors and should be included in the routine clinical evaluation of patients with COPD.
Cost-Effective Addition of High-Throughput Colony Picking Capability to a Standard Liquid-Handling Platform:

We have developed a general strategy for the addition of high-throughput colony picking capability to most standard liquid-handling robotic platform. This strategy is easily implemented and requires minimal capital outlay (less than $2500.00). To illustrate this strategy, we describe the modification of a Caliper Life Sciences Sciclone ALH (Automated Liquid Handler) 3000 together with a general calibration methodology that can be applied to most liquid-handling robot capable of X, Y, Z positioning.This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract N01-CO-12400. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
The Scan Line Approach to Design Rules Checking: Computational Experiences

Advances in integrated circuit technology in the last several years have led to designs with ever-increasing complexity and density. Consequently, designers have been faced with performing design-rule-checking on designs with shape outlines that have been doubling in number every year or two. In response, we have recently incorporated efficient algorithms into our design checking strategy. This paper reports on the computational results of these efforts.
Perceptual invariance or orientation specificity in American Sign Language? Evidence from repetition priming for signs and gestures

Repetition priming has been successfully employed to examine stages of processing in a wide variety of cognitive domains including language, object recognition, and memory. This study uses a novel repetition priming paradigm in the context of a categorisation task to explore early stages in the processing of American Sign Language signs and self-grooming gestures. Specifically, we investigated the degree to which deaf signers’ and hearing nonsigners’ perception of these linguistic or nonlinguistic actions might be differentially robust to changes in perceptual viewpoint. We conjectured that to the extent that signers were accessing language-specific representations in their performance of the task, they might show more similar priming effects under different viewing conditions than hearing subjects. In essence, this would provide evidence for a visually based “lack of invariance” phenomenon. However, if the early stages of visual-action processing are similar for deaf and hearing subjects, then no such di...
The minimum number of subgraphs in a graph and its complement

For a graphb F without isolated vertices, let M(F; n) denote the minimum number of monochromatic copies of F in any 2-coloring of the edges of Kn. Burr and Rosta conjectured that when F has order t, size u, and a automorphisms. Independently, Sidorenko and Thomason have shown that the conjecture is false. We give families of graphs F of order t, of size u, and with a automorphisms where . We show also that the asymptotic value of M(F; n) is not solely a function of the order, size and number of automorphisms of F. © 1929 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
There is no conclusive evidence for a relationship between the structure of the lower face and temporomandibular disorders.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Lateral Cephalometric Characteristics of Malocclusion Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Symptoms. Hwang CJ, Sung SJ, Kim SJ. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;129(4):497-503. Level of Evidence 4 Purpose/Question To investigate the relationship between lower facial skeletal structure and TMJ disorders. Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Case-control study