cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ion heating by waves with frequencies below the ion gyrofrequency

Ion heating by broadband and coherent waves with relatively small amplitude and frequencies below the ion gyrofrequency is examined. The theoretical results, verified by test particle calculations, show that such waves can heat ions to high energies, and in particular produce the ion conic distributions observed in the earth's magnetosphere. The model utilized differs from other approaches in that neither quasi-linear theory nor stochastic acceleration in a large amplitude wave are used to heat ions. This heating mechanism may be significant in other geophysical and astrophysical environments.
Thermoeconomic modeling of micro‐CHP (micro‐cooling, heating, and power) for small commercial applications

The increasing demand for electrical power as well as energy for heating and cooling of residences and small commercial buildings is a growing worldwide concern. Micro-cooling, heating, and power (micro-CHP), typically designated as less than 30 kW electric, is decentralized electricity generation coupled with thermally activated components for residential and small commercial applications. The number of combinations of components and parameters in a micro-CHP system is too many to be designed through experimental work alone. Therefore, theoretical models for different micro-CHP components and complete micro-CHP systems are needed to facilitate the design of these systems and to study their performance. This paper presents a model for micro-CHP systems for residential and small commercial applications. Some of the results that can be obtained using the developed model include the cost per month of operation of using micro-CHP versus conventional technologies, the amount of fuel per month required to run micro-CHP systems, the overall efficiency of micro-CHP systems, etc. A case study is used to demonstrate differences in the system performances of micro-CHP systems driven by a natural gas internal combustion engine and a diesel engine. Some of the results show that both systems have similar performance and that system total efficiencies in cooler months of up to 80% could be obtained. Also, modeling results show that there is a limit in fuel price that economically prevents the use of CHP systems, which is $11 MBTU−1 for this specific case. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keeping It Fun in Youth Sport: What Coaches Should Know and Do

Children and adolescents participate in sport for a variety of reasons including to learn new skills, to have fun, for peer affiliation, to experience excitement, to exercise and increase fitness, and for competition; and coincidentally, withdraw when these motives are left unmet. The literature is well established on the influence coaching behaviors have on youth motivation to participate in sport, but researchers have now acknowledged the need to explore social aspects in youth sport experiences (Smith, 2003). Youth athletes cite peer affiliation as a key participation motive, and peer comparison as an important source of physical competence information. A developmental pattern exists in youths' preferences for various forms of evaluative feedback as well (Horn & Weiss, 1992). At age 8, children rely heavily on feedback from parents and coaches, but between the ages of 10 and 14, they rely more heavily on feedback from their teammates and engage in direct comparison of ability. As children age, the mean...
Evoked potentials and simple motor reaction times to localized visual patterns

Spatially localized, contrast modulated visual stimuli evoke a monophasic, inion negative scalp potential (VEP) which can be recorded simultaneously with motor responses in simple reaction time experiments. VEP response time and median motor response latency are linearly related over a wide range of stimuli. We interpret our results to suggest that VEPs and motor response latencies arise from a common sensory system with different thresholds for detection and reaction. A model is introduced to predict detection thresholds from VEP response times which are usually more robust measures than VEP amplitudes.
An XPS study of XeF2 dry etching of tungsten silicide

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements have been used to study the etching of WSi0.6 by XeF2. Preferential etching of Si was observed for spontaneous etching and ion beam assisted etching. The Si removal from the WSi matrix created defects which enhanced the spontaneous etch rate by up to 30 times over that of the W(100) etch rate. The surface composition of WSi0.6 changed under XeF2 exposure with the observation of WF, SiF and SiF3 as well as the volatile reaction product SiF4 which was trapped in the reaction layer.
Crew considerations in the design for Space Station Freedom modules on-orbit maintenance

The paper presents an approach to the maintenance process currently planned for the Space Station Freedom modules. In particular, it describes the planned crew interfaces with maintenance items, and the anticipated implications for the crew in performing the interior and exterior maintenance of modules developed by U.S., ESA, and NASDA. Special consideration is given to the maintenance requirements, allocations, and approach; the maintenance design; the Maintenance Workstation; the robotic mechanisms; and the developemnt of maintenance techniques.
Lattice parameters and chemical analysis of germanium substituted sodalite

Abstract In this paper the effect of Ge substitution on the lattice parameter of Br sodalite has been studied. The sodalite was grown as a powder by the hydrothermal method. Lattice parameter measurements show a linear increase in a o with increasing amounts of Ge. The compositions of the powders were determined by the electron microprobe and spot checked by wet chemical analysis.
Controlling the Transport Properties of Gold Nanotubule Membranes Using Chemisorbed Thiols

We have developed a new class of synthetic membranes that consist of a porous polymeric support that contains an ensemble of gold nanotubules that span the complete thickness of the support membrane. The support is a commercially available microporous polycarbonate filter with cylindrical nanoscopic pores. The gold nanotubules are prepared via electroless deposition of Au onto the pore walls; that is, the pores act as templates for the nanotubules. We have shown that by controlling the Au deposition time, Au nanotubules that have effective inside diameters of molecular dimensions (<1 nm) can be prepared. Hence, these membranes are a new class of molecular sieves. In addition, because the tubules are composed of gold, well-known Au-thiol chemistry can be used to change the chemical environment within the tubules. This paper reviews recent research on using chemisorbed thiols to control the transport properties of Au nanotubule membranes. The use of both electrical neutral thiols to introduce chemical-trans...
Abstract A57: Characterization of novel regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human cancer cells

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers mesenchymal properties on epithelial cells and has been closely associated with the acquisition of aggressive traits by cancer cells of several cancer types. Recently, a few kinases, such as FYN and c-Met, were reported to participate in regulating EMT. However, the roles of the majority of >700 human kinases in EMT and cancer progression are still unknown. Here we carried out human kinase cDNA screens to identify novel regulators of EMT. Many unknown EMT regulators and a few known ones such as PI3K, PDGFRA, FYN and c-Met, were found to up-regulate mesenchymal marker vimentin. Some also increase expression of fibronectin and N-cadherin, as well as EMT transcriptional regulators, such as ZEB1/2, Snail and Slug. At the same time, the cells acquired mesenchymal phenotypes, such as increased migration/invasion activity, enhanced capability to survive and proliferate in growth factor deprivation condition or under drug treatments. Interestingly, FACS analysis also showed a substantial increase in CD44hiCD24low population in kinase-transducted mammary gland epithelial cells. The increase of CD44hi population could be attributed to increase of a CD44 mesenchymal variant — the standard form CD44s and decrease of the epithelial variant CD44 v8-10. And this alternation was associated with down-regulation of ESRP1 and ESRP2, two splicing factors that regulate CD44 splicing and EMT. Furthermore, the mammary gland epithelial cells undergoing EMT showed increase capability of forming mammosphere and differentiating into other lineage, such as osteoblast and adipocyte. Importantly, some of these novel EMT regulators are associated with tumor progression and stemness of human cancers. Further study of these novel EMT regulators promises to provide new mechanisms of cancer progression, and may also lead to development of new prognostic markers and therapeutics for metastasis. Citation Format: Linna Li, Nanping Ai, Mohit Hulsurkar, Wenliang Li. Characterization of novel regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A57.
Late Results of Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafting for Myocardial Revascularization

Abstract Data from three large groups of patients undergoing aorta-to-coronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafting with follow-up angiograms between 0 and 32 months and postoperative clinical evaluation for up to 46 months enable us to say there is an early saphenous vein closure rate of 9%. These closures are probably related to technical judgment difficulties and lend themselves to improvement in results. The documented late closure rate in 92 patients followed a mean of 31.7 months was 13%. This is a rate of one late closure per 171 patient-months. Of the 92 patients, 80 had some effective vein graft functioning in this follow-up period. Histological evaluation has revealed subintimal fibrous hyperplasia to be the predominant factor involved in late closure of the vein bypass. Its manifestations are variable, and the multifactorial etiology is as yet unclear. Since 5% of vein grafts have some significant subintimal fibrous hyperplasia at the time of insertion, only close follow-up with correlation of operative, angiographic, and histological data will provide the answers to the question of etiology of late vein graft closure. Studies on the effect of trauma, vascularity, and nutrition of vein grafts are necessary. The answer to this problem will be necessary to set the coronary vein bypass procedure on a firm footing in the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of polyoma virus

Abstract A mutant of polyoma virus (TS-a) which is temperature sensitive in both its plaque-forming and transforming abilities at the nonpermissive temperature of 38.5 °, but not at the permissive temperature of 31.5 ° has been further characterized. TS-a was found to be inhibited in its ability to produce infectious virus in mouse cells at 38.5 °; this inhibition could be overcome by infection with high multiplicites. The ratio of the yield of TS-a to the yield of wild-type polyoma increases from 10 −3 to almost unity when the input multiplicity varies from 0.1 to 100 PFU/cell. The temperature sensitivity of TS-a is due not to an increased heat lability of the structural components (capsid protein and DNA) of the completed virus particles, but to an increased heat sensitivity of some intracellular process in viral development. This temperature-sensitive process has been found to take place after uncoating of the infecting virus particle, occurring at the time of, and being required for, the production of virus-sized DNA; the “induction” of host cell DNA synthesis is not markedly inhibited in TS-a infected resting mouse kidney cells at 38.5 °. This finding implies that the virus must contribute some other function (s) besides causing the “induction” of host cell DNA synthesis for neoplastic transformation to occur (i.e., stimulation of host cell DNA synthesis by itself is not enough to cause transformation). Some of the possible temperature-sensitive processes that could be concerned with both the production of viral DNA and transformation are discussed.
A hybrid grouping genetic algorithm for the registration area planning problem

With the growing use of mobile communication devices, the management of such technologies is of increasing importance. The registration area planning (RAP) problem examines the grouping of cells comprising a personal communication services (PCS) network into contiguous blocks in an effort to reduce the cost of managing the location of the devices operating on the network, in terms of bandwidth. This study introduces a hybridized grouping genetic algorithm (HGGA) to obtain cell formations for the RAP problem. The hybridization is accomplished by adding a tabu search-based improvement operator to a traditional grouping genetic algorithm (GGA). Results indicate that significant performance gains can be realized by hybridizing the algorithm, especially for larger problem instances. The HGGA is shown to consistently outperform the traditional GGA on problems of size greater than 19 cells.
Intervention development for integration of conventional tobacco cessation interventions into routine CAM practice

Practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are an important and growing presence in health care systems worldwide. A central question is whether evidence-based behavior change interventions routinely employed in conventional health care could also be integrated into CAM practice to address public health priorities. Essential for successful integration are intervention approaches deemed acceptable and consistent with practice patterns and treatment approaches of different types of CAM practitioners – that is, they have context validity. Intervention development to ensure context validity was integral to Project CAM Reach (CAMR), a project examining the public health potential of tobacco cessation training for chiropractors, acupuncturists and massage therapists (CAM practitioners). This paper describes formative research conducted to achieve this goal. Intervention development, undertaken in three CAM disciplines (chiropractic, acupuncture, massage therapy), consisted of six iterative steps: 1) exploratory key informant interviews; 2) local CAM practitioner community survey; 3) existing tobacco cessation curriculum demonstration with CAM practitioners; 4) adapting/tailoring of existing curriculum; 5) external review of adaptations; 6) delivery of tailored curriculum to CAM practitioners with follow-up curriculum evaluation. CAM practitioners identified barriers and facilitators to addressing tobacco use with patients/clients and saw the relevance and acceptability of the intervention content. The intervention development process was attentive to their real world intervention concerns. Extensive intervention tailoring to the context of each CAM discipline was found unnecessary. Participants and advisors from all CAM disciplines embraced training content, deeming it to have broad relevance and application across the three CAM disciplines. All findings informed the final intervention. The participatory and iterative formative research process yielded an intervention with context validity in real-world CAM practices as it: 1) is patient/client-centered, emphasizing the practitioner’s role in a healing relationship; 2) is responsive to the different contexts of CAM practitioners’ work and patient/client relationships; 3) integrates relevant best practices from US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guidelines on treating tobacco dependence; and 4) is suited to the range of healing philosophies, scopes of practice and practice patterns found in participating CAM practitioners. The full CAMR study to evaluate the impact of the CAMR intervention on CAM practitioners’ clinical behavior is underway.
A new quantitative approach to the treatment of the dysnatremias

Rapid correction of the dysnatremias can result in significant patient morbidity and mortality. To avoid overly rapid correction of the dysnatremias, the sodium deficit equation, water deficit equation, and Adrogue–Madias equation are frequently utilized to predict the change in plasma sodium concentration (Δ[Na+]p) following a therapeutic maneuver. However, there are significant limitations inherent in these equations. Specifically, the sodium deficit equation assumes that total body water (TBW) remains unchanged. Similarly, when using the Adrogue–Madias equation, the volume of infusate required to induce a given Δ[Na+]p is determined by dividing the target Δ[Na+]p by the result of this formula. This calculation also assumes that TBW remains constant. In addition, neither of these equations are applicable in the management of symptomatic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) because they fail to consider the subsequent increase in sodium excretion following the administration of infusate. Furthermore, in the treatment of hypernatremia, the water deficit equation is only applicable if the hypernatremia is caused by pure water loss. In hypernatremia caused by hypotonic fluid losses, the water deficit equation does not provide any information on the differential effect of infusates of variable [Na+] and [K+] on the [Na+]p. Finally, all these equations fail to consider any ongoing Na+, K+, or H2O losses. Taking all these limitations into consideration, we have derived two new equations which determine the volume of a given infusate required to induce a target Δ[Na+]p. These equations consider the mass balance of Na+, K+, and H2O, as well as therapy-induced changes in TBW. The first equation is applicable to both hypernatremia and hyponatremia. The second equation is applicable to the management of severe symptomatic SIADH requiring intravenous therapy.
A predictive equation for drug-induced lupus

Abstract Objective was to quantify the chemical mechanisms of drug-induced lupus (DIL), and to make the data of different authors comparable between them. I have used seven assumptions as a starting point, based on empirical evidence; then an equation is drawn, describing the relationship between the quantity of the drug taken by the patient(s) and the probability of DIL appearance. The DIL-causing potential of each chemical group is a measurable intrinsic characteristic of that group, and the probability of DIL appearance is directly proportional to the total dosage of the drug in question. Conclusions : DIL is a syndrome that can be readily quantified and, as such, could be used as a model for idiopathic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. On the other hand, the equation drawn here could be used to predict the lupus-inducing potential of many compounds that have not yet been studied. Other authors are encouraged to find similar equations in other drug-induced syndromes.
The Effects of Mesoscale Eddies on the Stratification and Transport of an Ocean with a Circumpolar Channel

Abstract The effects of eddies in a primitive equation ocean model configured in a single hemisphere domain with circumpolar channels at their poleward ends are investigated; in particular, two regimes for the mass balance in the channel are investigated. With small overlying winds, the channel stratification is largely set by diffusion operating in the gyre portion of the domain: the depth scale varies with a fractional power of the diffusivity but has little dependence on the wind stress. As the winds are increased, the depth becomes increasingly controlled by a tendency toward small residual circulation. In this limit, a scaling theory is derived for the stratification in the channel that predicts the overall depth of the thermocline as a power of the wind stress and that allows the eddy length scale to differ from the channel length scale. The predicted depth depends on the details of the closure chosen for the eddy buoyancy flux, but in general it varies as some fractional power of the wind stress, a...
Evidence from triton X-100 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that histone f2a2, not f2b, is phosphorylated in Chinese hamster cells.

Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) were labeled in suspension culture with 3H-lysine and 32PH3PO4. Preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of histone fractions from these cells was performed in the presence of 8 M urea, 6 mM Triton X-100, and 0.9 N acetic acid. This method separates histones f2a2 and f2b by a Large distance, thus making it possible to resolve the controversy concerning which histone -- f2b or f2a2 -- is phosphorylated. It is shown that the two most highly phosphorylated histones in interphase CHO cells are f1 and f2a2. Histones f2b and f3 are shown to contain no significant incorporation of 32PO4 in interphase cells, while histone f2a1 contains a small but detectable amount of incorporated 32PO4. Binding of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 to hydrophobic centers appears to be greatest for histones f2a2 and f3, thus significantly retarding the mobility of these two histones during electrophoresis.
Computational study of particle in-flight behavior in the HVOF thermal spray process

A computational framework is developed for the multiphase flow in a high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating process with steel powders as the feedstock. The numerical model includes continuum-type differential equations that describe the evolution of gas dynamics and multi-dimensional tracking of particle trajectories and temperature histories in the turbulent reacting flow field. The numerical study shows that the particle temperature is strongly affected by the injection position while the particle velocity is less dependent on this parameter. Moreover, both particle velocity and temperature at impact are strongly dependent on particle size, although the spatial variation of these two variables on the substrate is minimal. It is also found that not all the particles are deposited on the substrate perpendicularly (even if the spray angle is 90°), due to substantial radial fluid velocities near the stagnation point. A statistical distribution of particle velocity, temperature, impinging angle and position on the substrate as well as particle residence time is obtained in this work through independent random tracking of numerous particles by accounting for the distributed nature of particle size in the feedstock and injection position as well as the fluctuations in the turbulent gas flow.
Enhanced Sensitivity and Reduced Noise Floor in Magnetoelectric Laminate Sensors by an Improved Lamination Process

The effect of lamination process on the performance of Metglas/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based composite magnetoelectric (ME) sensors has been studied. Improved sensor processing can lead to higher coupling between the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases. A higher coupling factor results in higher magnetic field sensitivity and lower equivalent magnetic noise floors. Spin-coat/vacuum-bag application and cure of interfacial epoxy, in addition to the use of Metglas foils with enhanced magnetostriction (λ = 42 ppm), has led to an increase in the ME coefficient from 6 to 21.6 V/cm·Oe, and a decrease in the 1 Hz equivalent magnetic noise from 2 × 10−10 to 4 × 10−11 T/√Hz.
Evidence-Based Wound Management: A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Agents to Enhance Granulation and Epithelialization

Successful management of open wounds in dogs requires knowledge of the physiology of wound healing and application of that knowledge to choose appropriate therapeutic intervention. The authors' objective was to investigate whether or not there are any available therapeutic agents that enhance granulation or epithelialization of open wounds in dogs. Based on the literature identified in the authors' review, there is insufficient evidence to make a recommendation for or against any of the topical wound agents or procedures studied.
Radiation-Induced Oxide Charge in Low- and High-H $_{2}$ Environments

Electronic structure calculations and irradiation measurements are used to obtain insight into oxide trapped charge mechanisms in varying hydrogen ambients. Quantitative agreement between measured and simulated oxide and interface-trap charge densities is obtained over a wide range of H $_{2}$ concentrations by implementing first-principles calculations of the energetics, and dynamics of charge transport and trapping, into TCAD simulations of irradiated MOS structures. Hole trapping dominates for typical H $_{2}$ densities, but protons can dominate at high H $_{2}$ densities. The rate of the interface trap reaction, in which protons that are liberated from charged oxygen vacancies by molecular hydrogen form dangling bonds on the interface, is found to play a key role in determining the relative concentrations of oxide and interface-trap charge densities.
Secondary information services in science and technology: A wide-angle view

This article provides a broad overview of the development of abstracting and indexing services in science and technology during the last three and one-half decades. It identifies major trends that have clearly affected individual producers, services, and the field as a whole. These trends include the changing national priorities, the new technologies, and the growing importance of marketing. Change, transformation, and survival are keywords in the discussion.
Parallel chain polyrotaxane, layer, and diamondoid divalent metal coordination polymers containing para aromatic dicarboxylate and bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine ligands

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of a closed-shell divalent metal salt, a para aromatic dicarboxylate precursor, and the long-spanning dipyridyl ligand bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (4-bpmp) afforded three new coordination polymers, which were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Cd(tere)(4-bpmp)(H2O)]n (1, tere = terephthalate) exhibits a simple non-interpenetrated 66 diamondoid 3D network with pentagonal bipyramidally coordinated cadmium ions. [Zn2(tere)(4-bpmp)2Cl2]n (2), which possesses tetrahedrally coordinated zinc atoms, manifests an exceptionally rare 1D + 1D → 1D parallel interpenetrated threaded-loop polyrotaxane structure. Extension of the para aromatic dicarboxylate pendant arms by employing the 1,4-phenylenediacetate (1,4-phda) ligand generated [Zn(1,4-phda)(4-bpmp)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (3), which shows a simple stacked (4,4) grid structure. Luminescent properties of these materials are also discussed.
Rapid and accurate titrations with a convenient and compact automatic derivative spectrophotometric titrator

Abstract A convenient and compact automatic derivative spectrophotometric titrator is described which is suitable for automatically performing a wide variety of the well known color indicator titrations without any procedure modifications and usually with few, if any, pretitration considerations and instrument adjustments The results for many acid-base and oxidation-reduction titrations are presented to illustrate the general applicability and important characteristics of the instrument
Post-transcriptional Regulation of Chymase Expression in Mast Cells A CYTOKINE-DEPENDENT MECHANISM FOR CONTROLLING THE EXPRESSION OF GRANULE NEUTRAL PROTEASES OF HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS

Although all mouse mast cells are derived from a common progenitor, these effector cells exhibit tissue-specific differences in their expression of the chymase family of serine proteases whose genes reside on chromosome 14. Immature bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC), developed in vitro with interleukin (IL) 3-enriched medium, were cultured in the presence or absence of IL-10 to determine at the molecular level how the expression of the individual chymases is differentially regulated. As assessed by RNA blot analysis, mBMMC contain high steady-state levels of the transcript that encodes mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 5, but not the homologous chymase transcripts that encode mMCP-1, mMCP-2, or mMCP-4. Nevertheless, nuclear run-on analysis revealed that these cells transcribe all four mast cell chymase genes. IL-10 elicited high steady-state levels of the mMCP-2 transcript, and pulse-chase experiments revealed that the half-life of the mMCP-2 transcript in mBMMC maintained in the presence of IL-10 is approximately 4-fold longer than that in replicate cells subsequently cultured in medium without IL-10. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that mBMMC cultured in the absence or presence of IL-10 correctly process mMCP-2 pre-mRNA. Experiments with cycloheximide and actinomycin D indicated that IL-10 induces expression of a trans-acting factor(s) that stabilizes the mMCP-2 transcript or facilitates its processing. The discovery that the expression of certain chymases in mBMMC is regulated primarily at the post-transcriptional level provides a basis for understanding the mechanism by which specific cytokines dictate expression of the chromosome 14 family of serine proteases in cells that participate in inflammatory processes.
An empirical analysis of intra- and inter-datacenter network failures for geo-distributed services

As cloud services continue to grow, a key requirement is delivering an 'always-on' experience to end users. Of the several factors affecting service availability, network failures in the hosting datacenters have received little attention. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of intra-datacenter and inter-datacenter network failures from a service perspective. We describe an empirical study analyzing and correlating network failure events over an year across multiple datacenters in a service provider. Our broader goal is to outline steps leveraging existing network mechanisms to improve end-to-end service availability.
VMN lesion deficits in lordosis: Partial reversal with pergolide mesylate

Bilateral lesions of the VMN virtually eliminate estrogen-progesterone stimulated lordosis in the spayed female rat. The present paper demonstrates that some recovery in lordosis is possible following treatment with pergolide mesylate, a potent long acting dopamine agonist. Chronic administration of pergolide mesylate in combination with estrogen and progesterone resulted in significant recovery of lordosis in VMN lesioned female rats. The magnitude of recovery was related to the duration and/or dose of pergolide.
Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally Redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid Division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Growth and Development

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct families of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to mid-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZ genes require careful manipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null mutant, and vice versa, and determined whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approximated total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type (WT). Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ARC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2-1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirement of each FtsZ family for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, while maintaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued, demonstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for maintenance of WT chloroplast numbers. Finally, we generated ftsZ triple null mutants and show that plants completely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presumably essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent mode of plastid partitioning may occur in higher plants.
Case of partial duplication 2q3 with characteristic phenotype: Rare occurrence of an unbalanced offspring resulting from a parental pericentric inversion

We report on a male infant with partial trisomy 2q (q34-->qter) resulting from a maternal pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 (p25. 2q34). The infant had clinical findings similar to the characteristic phenotype associated with a partial duplication of chromosome 2q3. Carriers of pericentric inversions of chromosome 2 have an increased risk of pregnancy loss but have only rarely been reported to have a liveborn offspring with an unbalanced chromosome constitution. This case further confirms the risks associated with a pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 and is the second report with manifestations of the trisomy 2q3 phenotype.
Influence of the geminal biscyclopropyl group in the reactions of trimethylenemethane: Reversible intersystem crossing

The azo compound precursor to Berson's trimethylenemethane (TMM) biradical system, 2-methylene-1,3-cyclopentanediyl, was substituted with two cyclopropyl groups on the exomethylene. Generation of the TMM species by pyrolysis, direct photolysis, and benzophenone-sensitized photolysis resulted in formation of both cyclopropane ring-opened monomer and cyclopropane ring-unopened dimers whose ratio depended directly on temperature and extent of dilution. The ground state appears to be triplet on the basis of ESR spectrometry. The results contrast with previous work (Waldemar Adam) showing that monocyclopropyl substitution on Berson's TMM species gives both ring-opened monomer and ring-unopened dimers upon pyrolysis and gives mostly ring-unopened dimer upon direct photolysis at 0−20 °C in what appear to be concentration-independent reactions. The observations with the biscyclopropyl-substituted species are consistent with steric effects retarding dimerization of the triplet allowing reversible intersystem cross...
Recommendations for the future of training in brief dynamic psychotherapy.

The results of 2 large surveys (of practitioners and graduate school/internship training directors) indicate that there is a considerable amount of brief therapy being conducted by psychodynamically trained therapists. However, their training in this specialization does not appear to be adequate. Eleven recommendations (e.g., addressing therapists' attitudes toward brief therapy, studying training processes and outcomes, using videotapes for teaching and supervision) are set forth to foster improvements in such training. We conclude that it is critical that the sizeable number of psychodynamic therapists conducting brief therapy receive continuing in-depth training in this challenging and demanding field.
Spectroscopic studies of lithium in an ultrahigh vacuum system

Abstract The surface films formed on lithium in dimethoxyethane (DME) and LiAsF 6 solution in DME were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system. Fresh Li surfaces in DME were prepared under UHV conditions by Argon sputtering of bulk lithium followed by immersion in the solution phase (under Argon), and characterization by the above spectroscopies, all within the UHV transfer system. It was found that the surface layers formed on Li in DME contain Li methoxide and LiOH or Li 2 O species (attributed to water reduction). When LiAsF 6 was present, the surface films also contained LiF. Depth profiling by Argon sputtering and AES measurements seem to be consistent with a bilayer structure of the surface films in which the oxide-hydroxide layer is abuts the Li surface and solvent reduction species comprise the outer part of the film.
Integrated Modeling and Analysis of Attribute Based Access Control Policies and Workflows in Healthcare

Healthcare information systems deal with sensitive data across complex workflows. They often allow various stakeholders from different environments to access data across organizational boundaries. This elevates the risk of exposing sensitive healthcare information to unauthorized personnel. To prevent unwanted access to sensitive information, healthcare organizations need to adopt effective workflows and access control mechanisms. This research addresses this issue by developing a methodology for integrated modeling and analysis of organizational workflows and attribute-based access control policies. This methodology can help identify workflow activities that are not being protected by access control policies and improve existing access control policies. In addition to subjects, resources, and actions, our methodology introduces 'environment' as a new element to workflow activity. This allows more contextual information to be associated with workflow activity for access control analysis.
Physical appearance, attractiveness, and the mediating role of emotions

Determinants of physical attractiveness were investigated in a study employing U.S. college students of both genders. Five factors were derived from a study of 37 stable and changeable physical features: Masculinity (strength, larger body and chest, broader chin), Femininity (longer hair, make-up, larger and rounder eyes), Self-care (overall grooming, shapely figure, flat stomach, erect posture, fitted clothes), Pleasantness (friendly, happy, babyish face), and Ethnicity. Factor analytic results did not support a priori (and nonstatistical) groupings of babyish facial features by investigators who use this concept. Self-care, Masculinity (Femininity), and Pleasantness were positive correlates of male (female) attractiveness. Attractiveness was described parsimoniously in terms of emotions: more attractive targets elicited more pleasure, more arousal, and less dominance (or more submissiveness) from others. Men and women reacted in essentially similar ways in rating others’ attractiveness. Statistical tests showed that emotional reactions mediated relations of the independent variables (physical features) to the dependent variables (judgments of attractiveness).
Hydrothermal degradation and thermal regeneration of an aminosilane interface used to couple polyimide to alumina

We have studied the adhesion-promoting layer of a composite interface consisting of alumina, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and polyimide (PI) reactants. The aminosilane appears to exist as a submonolayer and is 15N isotope-enriched, which renders it 'visible' to solid-state 15N-NMR detection. The interactions of the APS nitrogen with four different PI reactants including two amic acids, an amic ester, and an isoimide are investigated: (1) at room temperature, (2) during thermal curing up to temperatures of 300-400 °C, (3) after typical hydrothermal stress, and (4) after a post-temperature and humidity (T&H) bake. Conclusions about the chemical reactivity of the APS are drawn from interpretation of the 15N-NMR spectra. These experiments offer direct evidence of chemical reactions in an area where little direct evidence is available. The surface-bonded APS is shown to have different reactivities toward different kinds of PI reactant at low temperatures, with the isoimide being the most reactive. At hi...
A response-selection basis for the mixed-category, repeated-stimulus inferiority effect.

When subjects identify a target stimulus with an assigned keypress response, flanking noise stimuli produce interference if they signal an alternative response and slight facilitation if they are identical to the target. However, when the possible stimuli come from two distinct categories Getters and digits), interference also occurs if the noise letters are identical to the target. Four experiments were conducted to determine whether this mixed-category, repeated-stimulus inferiority effect is due to stimulus-identification or response-selection processes. The inferiority effect was (1) absent when letters were assigned to one response and digits to another; (2) absent when the target stimulus was named, rather than identified by a keypress response; and (3) eliminated when subjects practiced with mixed assignments of letters and digits. These findings converge on a response-selection basis for the inferiority effect.
Technical considerations regarding the short (dit)-long (dah) key press paradigm.

The finding of longer reaction time prior to longer-lasting responses (e.g., Klapp, 1977a; Klapp, Wyatt, & Lingo, 1974) was not replicated by Kerr (1979) in a statistically powerful attempt. The present experiment confirms that this effect is not reliable when duration knowledge of results is similar to that used by Kerr, although a reliable long-short effect was obtained with other knowledge of results arrangements. This unexpected sensitivity to knowledge of results suggests that previous results from this paradigm must be interpreted with caution.
Effect of Multi-Axial Loading on Residual Strain Tensor for 12L14 Steel Alloy

Evaluating the state of residual strain or stress is critically important for structural materials and for reliable design of complex shape components that need to function in extreme environment subjected to large thermo-mechanical loading. When residual stress state is superposed to external loads, it can lead to reduction or increase in failure strength. Past diffraction studies for evaluating the residual strain state involved measuring lattice spacings in three orthogonal directions and do not often correspond to principal directions. To completely resolve the state of strain at a given location, a full strain tensor must be determined. This is especially important when characterizing materials or metallic components exposed to biaxial or complex loading. Neutron diffraction at the second Generation Neutron Residual Stress Facility (NRSF2) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is used in this study to measure strain tensors associated with different modes of stress path. Hollow cylinder steel samples with 2 mm wall thickness are subjected to either pure axial extension or pure torsion to simulate multi-axial loading conditions. A virgin sample that is not subjected to any deformation, but subjected to identical manufacturing conditions and machining steps involved to obtain hollow cylinder geometry is used for obtaining reference d-spacing for given hkl planes at target spatial location(s). The two samples which are subjected to either pure tension or torsion are loaded to a deformation state that corresponded to equal amount of octahedral shear strain which is an invariant. This procedure is used so that a basis for comparison between the two samples can be made to isolate the stress path effects. A 2-circle Huber orienteer is used to obtain strain measurements on identical gauge volume at a series of φ and ψ values. The residual state of stress tensor corresponding to ex situ (upon unloading) conditions is presented for three lattice planes (211, 110, 200) for a bcc ferritic system exposed to tension and pure torsion.
Computing finite commutative semigroups

Precedence results are used to improve existing algorithms for the enumeration of finite commutative semigroups. As an application 11,545,843 distinct commutative semigroups of order 9 were found.
Improvement of GaN-based laser diode facets by FIB polishing

420 nm metal organic chemical vapour deposition-grown laser diodes were fabricated using Cl/sub 2/ reactive ion etching to form the facet mirrors. The diodes were subsequently tested under pulsed conditions before and after focused ion beam (FIB) polishing. I/sub th/ was reduced from 1.75 to 1.08 A and the differential quantum efficiency (/spl eta//sub d/) increased from 1.3% to 2.5% after FIS.
Surface aggregates produced on activated FeTi AS determined by X-ray diffraction

Abstract We identified the ternary oxide on activated TiFe as TiFeO x . It has an f.c.c. lattice with a 0 = 11.15 A . The oxide is unstable at 1000°C and decomposes into Ti 1.18 FeO x and Fe 2 Ti in accord with the Rostoker Ti-Fe-O phase diagram. The boundary limits regarding the homogeneous region for the non-stoichiometric Ti-FeO x phase, as proposed by Rostoker, were essentially confirmed. The possible role of TiFeO x in the activation of FeTi is discussed. The surface phases on activated FeTi can be modified by simple oxygen exposure and heat treatment techniques.
The rate of internalization of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor is enhanced by multivalent ligand binding

The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF-II receptor) undergoes constitutive endocytosis, mediating the internalization of two unrelated classes of ligands, mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P)-containing acid hydrolases and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). To determine the role of ligand valency in M6P/IGF-II receptor-mediated endocytosis, we measured the internalization rates of two ligands, β-glucuronidase (a homotetramer bearing multiple Man-6-P moieties) and IGF-II. We found that β-glucuronidase entered the cell ∼3–4-fold faster than IGF-II. Unlabeled β-glucuronidase stimulated the rate of internalization of125I-IGF-II to equal that of125I-β-glucuronidase, but a bivalent synthetic tripeptide capable of occupying both Man-6-P-binding sites on the M6P/IGF-II receptor simultaneously did not. A mutant receptor with one of the two Man-6-P-binding sites inactivated retained the ability to internalize β-glucuronidase faster than IGF-II. Thus, the increased rate of internalization required a multivalent ligand and a single Man-6-P-binding site on the receptor. M6P/IGF-II receptor solubilized and purified in Triton X-100 was present as a monomer, but association with β-glucuronidase generated a complex composed of two receptors and one β-glucuronidase. Neither IGF-II nor the synthetic peptide induced receptor dimerization. These results indicate that intermolecular cross-linking of the M6P/IGF-II receptor occurs upon binding of a multivalent ligand, resulting in an increased rate of internalization.
The effects of alanine ingestion on metabolic responses to exercise in cyclists

The influence of alanine on plasma amino acid concentrations and fuel substrates as well as cycling performance was examined. Four solutions [6% alanine (ALA); 6% sucrose (CHO); 6% alanine and 6% sucrose (ALA–CHO); an artificially sweetened placebo (PLC)] were tested using a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design. During each trial, ten cyclists ingested 500 mL of test solution 30 min before exercise and 250 mL after 15, 30, and 45 min of exercise. Participants cycled for 45 min at 75% VO2max followed by a 15-min performance trial. Blood was collected before beverage consumption and prior to the performance trial. Alanine concentration was increased (p < 0.05) by approximately tenfold for ALA and ALA–CHO and less than twofold for CHO and PLC. Alanine ingestion increased concentrations of most gluconeogenic amino acids. Overall, alanine supplementation tended to produce favourable metabolic effects, but did not influence performance.
Parallel correlated double sampling technique for pipelined analogue-to-digital converters

A new correlated double sampling technique that avoids the additional thermal noise penalty is presented. The new technique employs a low-gain two-stage opamp with the second stage made up of multiple gain stages in parallel. The superior noise performance of the proposed technique to correlated double sampling is shown.