cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study with LEC/Chtnt-3 and Toceranib Phosphate (Palladia) in Dogs with Spontaneous Malignancies

Objectives: LEC chemokine promotes TH1 responses and recruits immune cells to inflammatory sites. By linking LEC to an antibody targeting tumor necrosis, LEC/chTNT-3 can be used for the immunotherapeutic treatment of tumors. The primary objective of this study was to determine the safety profile of LEC/chTNT-3 and toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) combination therapy in dogs with spontaneous malignancies. Secondary purpose was to determine objective responses to treatment. Methods: Twenty-three dogs with cancer were enrolled, covering nine different malignancies. In this dose escalation study, dogs received LEC/chTNT-3 for five days, and toceranib every 48 hours for the remainder of the study. Dogs received physical exams, chemistry panel, urinalysis, and complete blood counts on days 0, 10, 28 of the study, and every 6-8 weeks thereafter. Results: Lethargy was noted in 13% dogs. There were no statistical differences in the prevalence of anorexia, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity, or hepatic toxicity before or during the study. There were trends in increases in the prevalence of vomiting, lymphopenia, and neutropenia (all grade 2 or lower, p=0.07) over the initial 28 days of the study. By day 28, 10% of dogs had partial responses, 58% had stable disease, and 32% had progressive disease. Conclusions: LEC/chTNT-3 and toceranib were well tolerated. This combination therapy showed some biological activity against a variety of cancers at a low dose and short duration of LEC/chTNT-3 administration.
Steroid Receptors and Other Transcription Factors in Ecdysone Response

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the steroid receptors and other transcription factors in ecdysone response. The early puff at cytogenetic locus 2B is the most interesting of the early puffs in some ways. Because of its location on the X chromosome, it was the first of the early genes to be characterized genetically. The functional significance of E75 protein diversity and resemblance to steroid receptors is borne out by the high level of evolutionary conservation of E75 in species as distantly related as Drosophila Melanogaster (D. Melanogaster) and the moth Manduca sexta (M. Sexta). Within the characterized region, most features are closely conserved. However, both the gene and the protein are considerably smaller in M. sexta than in D. Melanogaster. The gene size difference, because of a relative reduction in the size and number of introns, suggests that gene length in M. Sexta may not play the same type of role proposed in D. Melanogaster. The protein size decrease is almost entirely a result of the loss of homopolymeric amino acid repeats, suggesting that these repeats, which are found in many developmental regulatory proteins, are not integrally involved in E75 function.
Low-Temperature-Induced Expression of Rice Ureidoglycolate Amidohydrolase is Mediated by a C-Repeat/Dehydration-Responsive Element that Specifically Interacts with Rice C-Repeat-Binding Factor 3

Nitrogen recycling and redistribution are important for the environmental stress response of plants. In non-nitrogen-fixing plants, ureide metabolism is crucial to nitrogen recycling from organic sources. Various studies have suggested that the rate-limiting components of ureide metabolism respond to environmental stresses. However, the underlying regulation mechanism is not well understood. In this report, rice ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase (OsUAH), which is a recently identified enzyme catalyzing the final step of ureide degradation, was identified as low-temperature- (LT) but not abscisic acid- (ABA) regulated. To elucidate the LT regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level, we isolated and characterized the promoter region of OsUAH (P OsUAH ). Series deletions revealed that a minimal region between -522 and -420 relative to the transcriptional start site was sufficient for the cold induction of P OsUAH . Detailed analyses of this 103-bp fragment indicated that a C-repeat/dehydration-responsive (CRT/DRE) element localized at position -434 was essential for LT-responsive expression. A rice C-repeat-binding factors/DRE-binding proteins 1 (CBFs/DREB1s) subfamily member, OsCBF3, was screened to specifically bind to the CRT/DRE element in the minimal region both in yeast one-hybrid assays and in in vitro gel-shift analysis. Moreover, the promoter could be exclusively trans-activated by the interaction between the CRT/DRE element and OsCBF3 in vivo. These findings may help to elucidate the regulation mechanism of stress-responsive ureide metabolism genes and provide an example of the member-specific manipulation of the CBF/DREB1 subfamily.
Arizona Native Vote Election Protection Project 2008: Testimony to House Administration Committee Subcommittee on Elections

Testimony presented on behalf of the tribal nations of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), to the House Administration Committee, Subcommittee on Elections regarding the 2008 Native Vote program. The Native Vote Campaign is a national non-partisan effort to mobilize the American Indian and Alaska Native vote in collaboration with Tribal governments, regional inter-Tribals, the national Indian organizations, and urban Indian centers. In 2004, 2006, and 2008, Native Vote spearheaded this groundbreaking campaign to register and turn out a record number of American Indian and Alaska Native voters. Native Vote is about training and creating an election infrastructure within Native communities. Testimony discusses trends and obstacles to Indian voting and addresses the effect of ID requirements.
Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Lubricants, Lubricated Surfaces and Lubrication Phenomena

Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.udayton.edu/chm_fac_pub Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons, Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition Commons, Chemical and Pharmacologic Phenomena Commons, Environmental Chemistry Commons, Inorganic Chemistry Commons, Materials Chemistry Commons, Medical Biochemistry Commons, Medicinal-Pharmaceutical Chemistry Commons, Organic Chemistry Commons, Other Chemistry Commons, and the Physical Chemistry Commons
Style Changes in Dress and Personal Adornments from Han Nationality Women's of Tang Dynasty to Japanese Women's Kimono

Japan and China are neighboring countries separated only by a strip of water. There are similar factors in dress culture of the two countries due to culture communication in old ages, as time passed, difference in culture occurred which led to the style changes in dress. Kimono of Japanese women experienced a process of imitating women's dress in Tang Dynasty to digesting and reforming by themselves. Its development and change however were greatly influenced by social factors at that time, such as politics, economy, custom and culture, etc.
Bulgaria's Zionism, The Colonization of Palestine and The Question of Balkan Postcoloniality

The foreclosure of the Balkans’ postcoloniality is a fragment of a much larger strategic manoeuvring inside a European historiography ruled by the national paradigm aimed at disowning colonial history. Because the European Union is a new political entity without a previous history, and because it has formally denounced colonialism and anti-Semitism, there is a creeping assumption that it somehow deserves a clean slate and the right to shift the ownership of its colonial histories to its former colonial subjects. As an effort to ‘de-provincialize’ Europe from the position of the Balkans’ marginal history, Bulgarian historian Maria Todorova, the leading scholar in the critical studies of Balkanism, insists on the incommensurability between Orientalism and Balkanism on the grounds that the Balkans, unlike the Orient, ‘lacks colonial predicament’. The history of Bulgarian Zionist settlers in Palestine challenges Todorova's claim. Bulgarian Zionists were agents of a double colonization, in Bulgaria as subjects...
The effect of premedication on the incidence of postoperative vomiting in children after E.N.T. surgery.

The influence of premedication and intraoperative narcotic administration on the incidence of vomiting after E.N.T. surgery was studied over a six-month period in 596 children. A high incidence of vomiting was found after intramuscular papaveretum and hyoscine and after oral diazepam. Oral trimeprazine tartrate was associated with a low incidence of vomiting and was found to have an anti-emetic effect when an opiate analgesic was administered after induction of anaesthesia.
Reactions Toward Varying Degrees of Accentedness in the Speech of Spanish-English Bilinguals:

Approximately 100 college students were asked to evaluate Spanish-English bilingual speakers on the basis of taped readings of an English text. The speakers were chosen to represent a wide range of accentedness. The relationship between the amount of accentedness heard and the attributed characteristics of the speaker was investigated. The results show that the students made rather fine discriminations among varying degrees of accentedness in rating a speaker's personal attributes and speech. Support was thus found for the proposition that Spanish-accented English is negatively stereotyped and that the more accented the speech, the stronger the stereotype. By employing a seven-point rating scale with large groups rather than more involved scaling techniques based on individual testing, this study attempted to generalize the results of recent research which indicated that linguistically naive persons can reliably rate varying degrees of accentedness. Indeed, since the more convenient group-administered rat...
Signal-to-Noise Ratio in MRI

This chapter focuses on the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and imaging parameters as well as the field strength. The signal used for reconstruction of magnetic resonance (MR) images is always corrupted by noise caused by randomly fluctuating currents in the receiver coil and the imaged object. The quality of MR images can be severely degraded by noise, making it difficult to distinguish between different structures in the object. The three most important parameters defining image quality are spatial resolution, image contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). SNR, is defined as the ratio of the mean image intensity in a chosen region of interest (ROI) to the square root of the noise variance. SNR in MRI depends upon a number of factors including strength of the static magnetic field, type and characteristics of r.f. coils, imaging parameters (e.g., image resolution and matrix size), and chosen pulse sequence. In this chapter, SNR dependence is considered on the basic imaging parameters, such as voxel volume, matrix size, and acquisition time in 2D and 3D imaging. The obtained results demonstrate that 3D imaging in general provides higher SNR as compared to 2D imaging. The SNR dependence on voxel volume, number of phase-encoding steps, and acquisition time should be kept in mind when choosing imaging parameters. The SNR in 2D and 3D imaging is proportional to the voxel volume and the square root of the acquisition time. Experience shows that SNR in MR images varies depending on the strength of the static magnetic field.
Genetic testing and genetic counseling for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an update for clinicians

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) often have questions about why they developed the disease and the likelihood that family members will also be affected. In recent years, providing answers to these questions has become more complex with the identification of multiple novel genes, the newly recognized etiologic link between ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and the increased availability of commercial genetic testing. A genetic diagnosis is particularly important to establish in the era of emerging gene-based therapies, such as SOD1 antisense oligonucleotide trials. In the span of a few years, ALS genetic testing options have progressed from testing of a single gene to multigene next-generation sequencing panels and whole-exome sequencing. This article provides suggestions for genetic counseling and genetic testing for ALS in this new environment. Genet Med 19 3, 267–274.
Super-Girl: strength and sadness in Black girlhood

ABSTRACTThis paper complicates notions of Black girlhood by examining the dual experiences of gendered racism that result in both strength and sadness in Black girls’ educational experiences. I highlight the need for a curriculum of liberation to combat historical and current social conditions negatively impacting school-aged Black girls, such as harsh disciplinary practices, low academic expectations, and sexual objectification. The Super-Girl phenomenon serves as a metaphor illustrating the balance and imbalance of multiple social constructs. Utilising constructivist grounded theory [Charmaz, K. 2006. Constructing Grounded Theory. London: Sage], the key concepts in the research derived directly from the voices of 18 school-aged girls (8–13) as well as my observations, interpretations, and related experiences. Data collection utilising observation notes, interviews, written responses, and activity products provided from monthly sessions over the course of two years, offer critical insight into some of th...
Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Two Seriously Medically Ill Populations and Their Family Caregivers: A Comparison and Clinical Implications

Anxiety and depression are common among patients with acute illness and their families. In oncology, psychosocial services addressing these symptoms are increasingly part of regular practice. Less is known about psychiatric distress among patients with acute neurological injury (ANI) and their family caregivers. To highlight this inequity in psychosocial intervention across medical services, we compared anxiety and depressive symptomatology shortly following diagnosis among patients facing incurable cancer or ANI and their family caregivers. Recruited from the same hospital, participants were patients within 8 weeks of receiving a diagnosis of incurable cancer (N = 350) and their family caregivers (N = 275; total patient/caregiver dyads = 275) and patients hospitalized in the Neuroscience ICU in the past 2 weeks (N = 81) and their family caregivers (N = 95; total dyads = 75). Participants reported anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Symptomatology was compared across illnesses using independent samples t-tests and multiple regressions controlling for differences in sample demographics. Patients with ANI (M = 6.90) reported greater anxiety symptoms than those with cancer (M = 5.31, p < .001), while caregivers for patients with ANI (M = 5.45) reported greater depressive symptoms than caregivers for patients with cancer (M = 3.81, p < .001). Results remained when controlling for demographic differences between samples. This is the first cross-comparison of psychiatric distress in patients and family caregivers affected by two distinct, life-threatening illnesses early in the illness trajectory. Findings support the priority of addressing psychiatric distress among patients with ANI and their family caregivers, as has been emphasized in the psychosocial oncology field.
Die vermeintlich vergessenen Kinder in der mittelhochdeutschen Literatur

Contrary to the traditional paradigm originally established by Philippe Aries (L’Enfant et la vie familiale sous l’ancien regime, 1960), medieval authors often focused their attention on children and the parent-child relationship which was more often than not characterized by strong emotions. With the notable exception of James A. Schultz (The Knowledge of Childhood, 1995), however, the history of emotions concerning children, as it found its perhaps best expression in literary texts, has so far not been studied adequately. Depending on the text selection, we can find surprisingly intensive and emotional relationships between parents and children, or, respectively, little regard for the young sons and daughters. The examples of the anonymous Mai und Beaflor, the anonymous Prosalancelot, Konrad von Fusesbrunnen Die Kindheit Jesu, and Konrad von Wurzburg’s Heinrich von Kempten demonstrate that those children who figure prominently as victims or actors enjoy great respect and are treated as what they are: as children. The thirteenth-century authors consistently portray them as lovable, innocent, vulnerable, and in great need of protection. They act as all children would act, and they are loved by their parents with great passion. These findings can also be extended to some earlier (Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Titurel) and later texts (Johann von Wurzburg’s Wilhelm von Osterreich). Moreover, the data gained from these Middle High German examples can also be confirmed through other medieval French and English texts. In light of this literary-social analysis, several conclusions can be drawn: the medieval history of emotions can be well identified and analysed through literary sources; love for children was a phenomenon that emerges in many medieval cultures, hence Aries’ old thesis can finally be laid to rest.
Skin dose mapping for non-uniform x-ray fields using a backscatter point spread function

Beam shaping devices like ROI attenuators and compensation filters modulate the intensity distribution of the x-ray beam incident on the patient. This results in a spatial variation of skin dose due to the variation of primary radiation and also a variation in backscattered radiation from the patient. To determine the backscatter component, backscatter point spread functions (PSF) are generated using EGS Monte-Carlo software. For this study, PSF's were determined by simulating a 1 mm beam incident on the lateral surface of an anthropomorphic head phantom and a 20 cm thick PMMA block phantom. The backscatter PSF's for the head phantom and PMMA phantom are curve fit with a Lorentzian function after being normalized to the primary dose intensity (PSFn). PSFn is convolved with the primary dose distribution to generate the scatter dose distribution, which is added to the primary to obtain the total dose distribution. The backscatter convolution technique is incorporated in the dose tracking system (DTS), which tracks skin dose during fluoroscopic procedures and provides a color map of the dose distribution on a 3D patient graphic model. A convolution technique is developed for the backscatter dose determination for the non-uniformly spaced graphic-model surface vertices. A Gafchromic film validation was performed for shaped x-ray beams generated with an ROI attenuator and with two compensation filters inserted into the field. The total dose distribution calculated by the backscatter convolution technique closely agreed with that measured with the film.
Endotracheal hamartoma case report: Two contrasting clinical presentations of a rare entity.

Abstract Introduction The majority of tracheal tumors in adults are malignant. The finding of a benign tumor in the trachea is uncommon and endotracheal hamartomas are rare. Presentation of case We report two cases presenting within six months at our institution. The first patient is a 67 year-old man who was found to have an asymptomatic endotracheal hamartoma on chest imaging for aortic valve replacement. The second patient is a 46 year-old man with an extensive continued tobacco use disorder and a known endotracheal lesion identified 8 years prior to intervention. Both patients were treated surgically and recovered without complications. Discussion Identification of these lesions and timely management are necessary because without intervention, they can lead to fatal complications. Most symptoms of tracheal hamartoma result from mechanical obstruction with the earliest presenting symptom being dyspnea, but as evident in these two cases, they can have different presentations. Conclusion We have found that endotracheal hamartoma has a tendency to present in Caucasian, male patients with a comorbidity of respiratory disease and variable smoking history, but it can also present in asymptomatic patients with no significant smoking history.
Bad news first: How optimal directness depends on what is negated

This article reports study results in which participants (n=145) responded to a variety of negative messages in a variety of message channels, visual, textual, and verbal. Participants participated in A-B testing of distinct message strategies and then identified communication values that seemed most important in distinct message contexts. Results showed very clear differences between two broad classes of negative information: negative information about perceived physical facts (e.g. the presence of hazardous materials or dangerous conditions) as opposed to negative information about social relationships (e.g., a romantic breakup, the death of a loved one, or termination of employment). Participants consistently identified directness as a communicative virtue, even in contexts where they preferred a message format with a consistently small buffer in order to also satisfy a perceived need for politeness. Conversely, explanatory information prior to bad news was never preferred over bad-news-first in cases involving physical-fact bad news.
Intra-perinodular Textural Transition (Ipris): A 3D Descriptor for Nodule Diagnosis on Lung CT

This paper presents Ipris (Intra-perinodular textural transition), a new radiomic method, to automatically distinguish between benign and malignant nodules on routine lung CT scans. Ipris represents a minimal set of quantitative measurements which attempt to capture the transition in textural appearance going from the inside to the outside of the nodule. Briefly the approach involves partitioning the 3D volume and interface of the nodule into K nested shells. Then, a set of 48 Ipris features from 2D slices of the shells are extracted. The features pertain to the spiculations, intensity and gradient sharpness obtained from intensity differences between inner and outer voxels of an interface voxel. The Ipris features were used to train a support vector machine classifier in order to distinguish between benign (granulomas) from malignant (adenocarcinomas) nodules on non-contrast CT scans. We used CT scans of 290 patients from multiple institutions, one cohort for training (N = 145) and the other (N = 145) for independent validation. Independent validation of the Ipris approach yielded an AUC of 0.83 whereas, the established textural and shape radiomic features yielded a corresponding AUC of 0.75, while the AUCs for two human experts (1 pulmonologist, 1 radiologist) yielded corresponding AUCs of 0.69 and 0.73.
Understanding the experiences, attitudes, and behaviors of sexual orientation and gender identity minority employees

Abstract This special issue advances the current, relatively lacking, empirical knowledge related to the experiences of employees who are sexual orientation and/or gender identity minorities. In this introduction to the special issue, we provide a brief but comprehensive review of the current literature focused on sexual orientation or gender identity published in 14 of the top organizational science, industrial-organizational psychology, and management journals. In so doing, we highlight what has been done and what opportunities remain in the current literature. We then provide a brief overview of the articles included in this special issue, highlighting the unique and collective contributions to the existing literature. We conclude by providing opportunities for further research in this field and a call to action for organizational scholars to continue to expand this important area of research.
Concurrent Veliparib With Chest Wall and Nodal Radiotherapy in Patients With Inflammatory or Locoregionally Recurrent Breast Cancer: The TBCRC 024 Phase I Multicenter Study.

PurposeLocoregional control for inflammatory breast cancers and chest wall recurrences is suboptimal, which has motivated interest in radiosensitization to intensify therapy. Preclinical studies have suggested a favorable therapeutic index when poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are used as radiosensitizers; clinical investigation is necessary to establish appropriate dosing and confirm safety.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a multi-institutional phase I study of veliparib and concurrent radiotherapy (RT) to the chest wall and regional lymph nodes in 30 patients with inflammatory or locally recurrent breast cancer after complete surgical resection. RT consisted of 50 Gy to the chest wall and regional lymph nodes plus a 10-Gy boost. A Bayesian time-to-event continual reassessment method escalated dose through four levels, with a 30% targeted rate of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) measured during the 6 weeks of treatment plus 4 weeks of follow-up. DLTs were defined as confluent moist desquamation > 100 ...
Learning Halfspaces Under Log-Concave Densities: Polynomial Approximations and Moment Matching

We give the first polynomial-time algorithm for agnostically learning any function of a constant number of halfspaces with respect to any log-concave distribution (for any constant accuracy parameter). This result was not known even for the case of PAC learning the intersection of two halfspaces. We give two very different proofs of this result. The first develops a theory of polynomial approximation for log-concave measures and constructs a low-degree‘1 polynomial approximator for sufficiently smooth functions. The second uses techniques related to the classical moment problem to obtain sandwiching polynomials. Both approaches deviate significantly from known Fourier-based methods, where essentially all previous work required the underlying distribution to have some product structure. Additionally, we show that in the smoothed-analysis setting, the above results hold with respect to distributions that have sub-exponential tails, a property satisfied by many natural and well-studied distributions in machine learning.
Giving patients a say: how to work with patient advocacy groups.

Working with patient advocacy groups poses many challenges to entrepreneurs, but the benefits can be substantial. Here, we examine the relationship between biotech PTC Therapeutics and Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy to highlight some key factors for success in such partnerships.
Control of Strong Light–Matter Interaction in Monolayer WS2 through Electric Field Gating

Strong light-matter coupling results in the formation of half-light half-matter quasiparticles that take on the desirable properties of both systems such as small mass and large interactions. Controlling this coupling strength in real-time is highly desirable due to the large change in optical properties such as reflectivity that can be induced in strongly coupled systems. Here we demonstrate modulation of strong exciton-photon coupling in a monolayer WS2 through electric field induced gating at room temperature. The device consists of a WS2 field effect transistor embedded inside a microcavity structure which transitions from strong to weak coupling when the monolayer WS2 becomes more n-type under gating. This transition occurs due to the reduction in oscillator strength of the excitons arising from decreased Coulomb interaction in the presence of electrostatically induced free carriers. The possibility to electrically modulate a solid state system at room temperature from strong to weak coupling is highly desirable for realizing low energy optoelectronic switches and modulators operating both in quantum and classical regimes.
Boon or Burden: The Effect of Implementing Evidence-Based Practices on Teachers' Emotional Exhaustion.

This study examined the association between (1) beginning-of-the-year emotional exhaustion and use of three evidence-based practices (EBP) for children with autism spectrum disorder; and (2) use of these EBP and end-of-year emotional exhaustion among 46 kindergarden to 2nd grade autism support teachers participating in a randomized trial. Emotional exhaustion was measured at the end and beginning of the school year using a subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Fidelity was measured using monthly observations, coded by research assistants trained to reliability. Correlations were used to examine unadjusted associations and ordinary least squares regression was used to examine associations adjusted for beginning-of-year burnout, years teaching, and average change in student cognitive functioning. Emotional exhaustion at the beginning of the year was not associated with EBP use. Greater fidelity to each EBP was associated with lower end-of-year emotional exhaustion (coefficients ranging from − .34 to − 1.13, all p’s < .05). Results indicate that helping teachers implement EBP with greater fidelity may help reduce burnout, a substantial challenge in the field.
Configuration Design of Mechanical Assemblies using an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and Constraint Programming

A configuration design problem in mechanical engineering involves finding an optimal assembly of components and joints that realizes some desired performance criteria. Such a problem is a discrete, constrained, and black-box optimization problem. A novel method is developed to solve the problem by applying Bivariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm (BMDA) and constraint programming (CP). BMDA is a type of Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) that exploits the dependency knowledge learned between design variables without requiring too many fitness evaluations, which tend to be expensive for the current application. BMDA is extended with adaptive chi-square testing to identify dependencies and Gibbs sampling to generate new solutions. Also, repair operations based on CP are used to deal with infeasible solutions found during search. The method is applied to a vehicle suspension design problem and is found to be more effective in converging to good solutions than a genetic algorithm and other EDAs. These contributions are significant steps towards solving the difficult problem of configuration design in mechanical engineering with evolutionary computation.
Disposing of misfolded ER proteins: A troubled substrate's way out of the ER

Secreted, plasma membrane, and resident proteins of the secretory pathway are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they undergo post-translational modifications, oxidative folding, and subunit assembly in tightly monitored processes. An ER quality control (ERQC) system oversees protein maturation and ensures that only those reaching their native state will continue trafficking into the secretory pathway to reach their final destinations. Those that fail must be recognized and eliminated to maintain ER homeostasis. Two cellular mechanisms have been identified to rid the ER of terminally unfolded, misfolded, and aggregated proteins. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) was discovered nearly 30 years ago and entails the identification of improperly matured secretory pathway proteins and their retrotranslocation to the cytosol for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. ER-phagy has been more recently described and caters to larger, more complex proteins and protein aggregates that are not readily handled by ERAD. This pathway has unique upstream components and relies on the same downstream effectors of autophagy used in other cellular processes to deliver clients to lysosomes for degradation. In this review, we describe the main elements of ERQC, ERAD, and ER-phagy and focus on recent advances in these fields.
MALIGNANCY DIAGNOSIS AND CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG PATIENTS WITH SUBMASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is common among patients with malignancy and is a known contributor to morbidity and mortality. We utilized data from a single-center registry of patients with submassive PE in order to assess the burden of malignancy and evaluate clinical course and outcomes. We identified
Bioelectricity Production from Arundo Donax -MFC and Chlorophytum Comosum -MFC

The increase of both energy demand and pollution makes essential the use of renewable energy. Green electricity production is one of numerous challenges of researches and the target is to obtain an economic clean energy with high performance and no emission of pollutants. Hydrogen fuel cell is an electrochemical process in which chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. This reaction occurs by using hydrogen. A biological fuel cell is one of numerous types of fuel cell using living organisms to generate electricity. In a microbial fuel cell (MFC) the catalyst is the microorganisms and the most often bacteria. In plant microbial fuel cell (P-MFC), the rhizospheric microorganisms are the catalyst. Plants produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis and feed with rhizodeposits the rhizospheric microorganisms which generate electricity. This paper is a presentation of 2 P-MFC using two different plant species Arundo donax L. and Chlorophytum comosum L in the same experimental conditions. During 43 days we measured the electrical potential produced in Arundo donax-MFC and Chlorophytum comosum-MFC and we compare the 2 P-MFC system to evaluate plant species performances. Results show a different electrical potential for the two plants. The maximum tension registered for Arundo donax L. is +145.2 mV and for Chlorophytum comosum L. is +155.3 mV.
A methodology for adding thixotropy to Oldroyd-8 family of viscoelastic models for characterization of human blood

Recent work modeling the rheological behavior of human blood indicates that blood has all the hallmark features of a complex material, including shear-thinning, viscoelastic behavior, a yield stress, and thixotropy. After decades of modeling only the steady state blood data, steady state models, such as the Casson, Carreau–Yasuda, and Herschel–Bulkley models, have been developed. The advancement and evolution of blood modeling to transient flow conditions now has renewed interest. Using recently collected human blood rheological data from a strain-controlled rheometer, we show and compare a new modeling effort using the Oldroyd-8 viscoelastic framework as a foundation. This foundation is enhanced with the application of a recent thixotropic framework recently published to model elastic and viscoelastic contributions from the microstructure to three Oldroyd-8 families of models: the corotational Jeffreys model, the convected Maxwell model, and the Oldroyd 4-constant model. The elastic and viscoelastic stress contributions from the microstructure are then linearly superimposed with the viscoelastic backbone solution for stress given by the Oldroyd-8 family of models. Demonstrated here is a parametric analysis, model comparison, and a comparison of the new approaches made using the ability to predict large amplitude oscillatory shear and uni-directional large amplitude oscillatory shear flow. The new family of models can solve components of the full stress tensor, making them ideal for use with a future conformation tensor to evolve, model, and better understand the effects of the microstructure of human blood. In addition, there is now a methodology to model the normal forces of blood.
Edge Betweenness Centrality on Trees

Computing the edge betweenness centrality is an important step in a great deal of the analysis tasks of community structures in complex networks. It mostly serves as a measure for the traffic or flow of a particular edge in connecting various parts or communities together. Various algorithms that compute the edge betweenness centrality in general graphs exist but they are expensive. In this paper, we design an algorithm that takes advantage of the structure of tree graphs to compute the edge betweenness centrality more efficiently in such graphs and perform experiments on random graphs.
Insurance status predicts self-reported influenza vaccine coverage among pregnant women in the United States: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health Interview Study Data from 2012 to 2018.

Abstract While the influenza vaccine is recommended for all pregnant women, influenza vaccine coverage among this high-risk population remains inadequate. Factors associated with vaccine coverage among pregnant women, including insurance status, are poorly understood. In a cross-sectional study of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2012 to 2018, we evaluated predictors of self-reported influenza vaccine coverage in pregnant women. Among 1,942 pregnant women surveyed, 39% reported receiving the influenza vaccine in accordance with national recommendations. Influenza vaccine coverage increased by 8 percentage points from 2012 to 2018. Only 15% of uninsured pregnant women received the influenza vaccine, compared to 41% of those with insurance (design-corrected F-test, p-value
The Role of On-Demand Delivery Platforms in Restaurants

Restaurants are increasingly relying on on-demand delivery platforms (e.g., DoorDash, Grubhub, and Uber Eats) to reach customers and fulfill takeout orders. Although on-demand delivery is a valuable option for consumers, whether restaurants benefit from or are being hurt by partnering with these platforms remains unclear. This paper investigates whether and to what extent the platform delivery channel substitutes restaurants’ own takeout/dine-in channels and the net impact on restaurant revenue. Empirical analyses show that restaurants overall benefit from on-demand delivery platforms—these platforms increase restaurants’ total takeout sales while creating positive spillovers to customer dine-in visits. However, the platform effects are substantially heterogeneous, depending on the type of restaurants (independent vs. chain) and the type of customer channels (takeout vs. dine-in). The overall positive effect on fast-food chains is four times as large as that on independent restaurants. For takeout, delivery platforms substitute independent restaurants’ but complement chain restaurants’ own takeout sales. For dine-in, delivery platforms increase both independent and chain restaurants’ dine-in visits by a similar magnitude. Therefore, the value of delivery platforms to independent restaurants mostly comes from the increase in dine-in visits, whereas the value to chain restaurants primarily comes from the gain in takeout sales. Further, the platform delivery channel reduces geographic frictions and the opportunity for independent restaurants to differentiate with premium services and dine-in experience, which may explain why independent restaurants do not benefit as much from on-demand delivery platforms.
How fuzzy-trace theory predicts development of risky decision making, with novel extensions to culture and reward sensitivity

Comprehensive meta-analyses of risky decision making in children, adolescents, and adults have revealed that age trends in disambiguated laboratory tasks confirmed fuzzy-trace theory's prediction that preference for risk decreases monotonically from childhood to adulthood. These findings are contrary to predictions of dual systems or neurobiological imbalance models. Assumptions about increasing developmental reliance on mental representations of the gist of risky options are essential to account for this developmental trend. However, dual systems theory appropriately emphasizes how cultural context changes behavioral manifestation of risk preferences across age and neurobiological imbalance models appropriately emphasize developmental changes in reward sensitivity. All of the major theories include the assumption of increasing behavioral inhibition. Here, we integrate these theoretical constructs-representation, cultural context, reward sensitivity, and behavioral inhibition-to provide a novel framework for understanding and improving risky decision making in youth. We also discuss the roles of critical tests, scientific falsification, disambiguating assessments of psychological and neurological processes, and the misuse of such concepts as ecological validity and reverse inference. We illustrate these concepts by extending fuzzy-trace theory to explain why youth are a major conduit of viral infections, including the virus that causes COVID-19. We conclude by encouraging behavioral scientists to embrace new ways of thinking about risky decision making that go beyond traditional stereotypes about adolescents and that go beyond conceptualizing ideal decision making as trading off degrees of risk and reward.
Effective lectotypification of three names in the genus Iseilema (Poaceae: Panicoideae)

The typification of three Iseilema species names, I. anthephoroides, I. hackelii (≡ I. laxum) and I. holei, is addressed. For the first two names, lectotypes are designated, and for the third name, the lectotype step II process is performed.
Bee communities in canola are affected by landscape context and farm management

Bees are key pollinators that promote greater yield and seed quality of oilseed crops such as canola. Canola acreage has increased over 1,000% in the past decade in the Pacific Northwest USA, providing a major pulse of sugar-rich nectar and pollen resources that may affect bee health and community structure. However, because canola does not require insect pollination for seed production, few studies have examined the biodiversity of pollinators taking advantage of these resources, or the floral traits of canola that affect pollinators across variable landscapes. Here, we conducted pollinator surveys at canola farms across the inland Northwest region of the USA. We surveyed bee biodiversity and abundance, and assessed how these metrics correlated with landscape context, canola production practices, and floral traits of various canola varieties. We found that bee communities differed between sites and across growing seasons, with sweat bees more abundant later in the season, and mining bees more abundant earlier in the season. We also found that bees were more abundant overall on farms with less floral nectar and with less developed landscape surrounding the sampling area. Bee diversity was greater in spring canola than winter canola, and floral traits were also correlated with differing bee community diversity. This research provides important information for canola growers and land managers and offers a framework for future research in pollinator management in the inland Northwest.
The Supreme Labor Court in Nazi Germany: A Jurisprudential Analysis

This book deals with a number of subjects: labor law, class conflict, Nazi Germany, Jews, jurisdiction and judicial reasoning, among others. Yet none of these forms its centerpiece. Rather, at issue here is the autonomy of the judicial process embracing the following complex of questions: What kinds of societal conflicts are molded into judicially cognizable disputes? What forces account for the exclusion/inclusion of certain conflicts from/in the judicial process? What principles underlie the process of transforming conflicts into disputes to be adjudicated by courts? How does the process of attempted resolution of these disputes by judges differ from that applied by other societal agents? What are the material (including legitimation-generating) consequences of judicial--as opposed to non-judicial--dispute-resolution? Does the character of the process change over time? Is its scope restricted or expanded over time in connection with shifts between its authority and that of other dispute-resolvers?The major jurisprudential concern lies in confronting the latitude which the statutes, precedents and fact patterns allowed the judges with that of which they actually availed themselves. To determine whether some measure of analytical or political coherence or uniformity attaches to the limits which these three sets of structuring elements imposed on the decisions (or which the court imposed on itself) constitutes the primary task of the case analysis.This work thus deals with the position within the social division of labor occupied by (private, civil law) courts in capitalist societies. Among these it examines exclusively Nazi Germany, which is a test case of judicial autonomy insofar as it might be expected that, given its anti-liberal posturing and partial revolution, it would constitute one extreme of restricted judicial autonomy. That the book deals only with labor law derives from considerations of manageability, not fungibility, of subject matter: for in view of the overriding role that the suppression of the labor movement played throughout the course of Nazi rule, labor-capital conflicts and their juridical transformation into judicially cognizable disputes assumed a special significance.Errata for "The Supreme Labor Court in Nazi Germany"Page VII 3rd line from bottom: “german” should be “German”
Sudden Death and Sepsis After Splenectomy

This paper has reported two deaths occurring in young adults who had undergone splenectomy for trauma several years before developing pneumococcal sepsis. Tissues at autopsy demonstrated a disproportionate autolysis for the postmortem interval. One victim also showed diffuse serosal hemorrhages, presumably as a result of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Both showed evidence of residual splenic implants but such implants clearly did not provide protection against sepsis. The mechanisms whereby the spleen protects from sepsis appear to be that of a mechanical filter and an immunological organ producing antibody or antibody-like substance. How much splenic tissue and what relationships to the system circulation are necessary to provide protection remain undiscovered.
PALLIATIVE CARE IN THE U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OR CRIMINAL ACT?

We live in increasingly polarized times, in which science, pro­ fessional expertise, pragmatism, common sense, and even human empathy are more and more becoming the acceptable collateral damage of the culture wars. The provision of healthcare-and the legal and policy contexts in which it is available-has not been im­ mune from this corrosive process. Where once there was a rough­ hewn but functional consensus governing the individual's right to make private decisions about his or her own medical care, we now have often intemperate and ill-informed public struggle. In this new world of blind certainty, it is all too common to see family members, patients, physicians, and other healthcare workers pitted against each other, and to find that the most complex, difficult, and intimate family and individual decisions about the dying process are being transformed into grist for the political and ideological mills. For over a quarter of a century, a general consensus has existed among physicians, healthcare experts, and biomedical ethicists that competent patients have the right to refuse unwanted medical care, even life-sustaining care, and to secure their autonomy in these matters through advance directives that become effective upon the loss of legal competence.1 Much of today's relevant healthcare law
Structural and Magnetic Properties of CoFe2O4 and Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nanoparticles for the Magnetoelectric Composite Films

In the present work, cobalt ferrite and Zn-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using a low temperature solution method. A study of the magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles shows high coercivity at 10 K. Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles show a lower coercive field but a higher saturation magnetization as compared to CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Blocking temperature of the particles decreased from 355 K for CoFe2O4 to 220 K for Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. A PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3:CoFe2O4 composite film prepared using CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 solution shows ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. Such low-cost synthesis approach shows promise for use in magnetoelectric composite films.