cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forty-eight-year-old female MUTYH carrier presenting with five concurrent primary cancers.

Background MUTYH-associated polyposis is a rare disorder resulting from mutations involved in DNA mismatch repair. This results in an increased susceptibility to colonic adenomatosis and other cancers. Studies have examined the resulting frequency of extracolonic manifestations; however, these typically occur alone, concurrently, or temporally separate from an already diagnosed colorectal cancer in individuals with a biallelic mutation. Case Reported here is a case of five distinct primary neoplasms presenting simultaneously in a patient monoallelic for an MYH mutation. These neoplasms included squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, rectal adenocarcinoma, synchronous anal adenocarcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and ovarian serous psammocarcinoma. Throughout her course, she underwent multiple surgical procedures, neoadjuvant chemoradiation, with further adjuvant therapy, and treatment ongoing. Due to her unique presentation, she underwent genetic testing that demonstrated she was monoallelic for an MYH mutation. Conclusion The patient had a positive response to her treatment and surgical procedures with ongoing adjuvant therapy. She will continue to undergo further genetic testing, and testing for her children is being considered. This case demonstrates a unique presentation associated with a monoallelic MYH mutation that is not described in the current literature and warrants further investigation.
Haplotype-based membership inference from summary genomic data

Motivation The availability of human genomic data, together with the enhanced capacity to process them, is leading to transformative technological advances in biomedical science and engineering. However, the public dissemination of such data has been difficult due to privacy concerns. Specifically, it has been shown that the presence of a human subject in a case group can be inferred from the shared summary statistics of the group, e.g. the allele frequencies, or even the presence/absence of genetic variants (e.g. shared by the Beacon project) in the group. These methods rely on the availability of the target's genome, i.e. the DNA profile of a target human subject, and thus are often referred to as the membership inference method. Results In this article, we demonstrate the haplotypes, i.e. the sequence of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) showing strong genetic linkages in human genome databases, may be inferred from the summary of genomic data without using a target's genome. Furthermore, novel haplotypes that did not appear in the database may be reconstructed solely from the allele frequencies from genomic datasets. These reconstructed haplotypes can be used for a haplotype-based membership inference algorithm to identify target subjects in a case group with greater power than existing methods based on SNVs. Availability and implementation The implementation of the membership inference algorithms is available at https://github.com/diybu/Haplotype-based-membership-inferences.
Numerous expansions in TRP ion channel diversity highlight widespread evolution of molecular sensors in animal diversification.

Transient Potential Receptor (TRP) ion channels are a diverse superfamily of multimodal molecular sensors that respond to a wide variety of stimuli, including mechanical, chemical, and thermal. TRP channels are present in most eukaryotes but best understood in mammalian, worm, and fly genetic models, where they are expressed in diverse cell-types and commonly associated with the nervous system. Here, we characterized TRP superfamily gene and genome evolution to better understand origins and evolution of molecular sensors, brains, and behavior in animals and help advance development of novel genetic technologies, like sonogenetics. We developed a flexible push-button bioinformatic and phylogenomic pipeline, GIGANTIC, that generated genome-based gene and species trees and enabled phylogenetic characterization of challenging remote homologs and distantly-related organisms deep in evolution. We identified complete sets of TRP superfamily ion channels, with over 3000 genes in 22 animal phyla and 70 species having publicly-available sequenced genomes, including 3 unicellular outgroups. We then identified clusters of TRP family members in genomes, evaluated gene models per cluster, and repaired split gene models. We also produced whole-organism PacBio transcriptomes for five species to independently validate our gene model assessment and model repairs. We find that many TRP families exhibited numerous and often extensive expansions in different phyla. Some expansions represent local clusters on respective genomes, a trend that is likely undercounted due to varied quality in genome assemblies and annotations of non-model organisms. Our work expands known TRP diversity across animals, including addition of previously uncharacterized phyla and identification of unrecognized homologs in previously characterized species.
Corrective Osteotomy—Kienbock' s Disease

In 1910, Kienbock, an Austrian radiologist, described the disease of the lunate that bears his name. It is thought to be caused most often by continuing microtrauma which interrupts the circulation and causes avascular necrosis. In most instances, the lunate receives sufficient blood supply both dorsally and volarly so that if one of these sources of blood supply is interrupted, the other will still provide adequate circulation. In some patients, however, either one or the other of the sources of blood supply is predominant, and if that one is interrupted, avascular necrosis of the lunate results.
Quality Function Deployment, a Technique of Design for Quality

Most Design for Manufacture (DFM) techniques do not involve the consideration of customer requirements, and hence are not sufficient enough to make a company stay competitive. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method drives the product design and process planning by customer requirements. It is a technique of Design for Quality (DFQ).
Acute toxicity of PCB congeners to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas.

The acute toxicity (EC50/LC50) of commercial PCB mixtures has been reported to range from 2.0 to 283 ug/L. Because PCBs are very hydrophobic most biological studies have utilized a carrier solvent to facilitate introduction of PCBs into aqueous solution. As a result, biological effects are often reported at exposure concentrations exceeding water solubility. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the comparative toxicity of selected PCB congeners without carrier solvents. These tests were conducted on early life stages of two sensitive freshwater organisms, Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas.
Use of Principal Component Analysis to Determine Down-Hole Tool Orientation and Enhance SH-Waves

A common problem in down-hole shear wave surveys is the determination of the tool rotation relative to the seismic source polarization direction. This paper reports an algorithm which has been developed to solve for this angle in the horizontal plane. The method employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the angle from the large motion of the SH-wave (not first motion). Once the angle is known, the horizontal component data may be rotated so that one component is aligned with the source polarization, and the other orthogonal to it. Significant findings include the following. First, subtraction of oppositely polarized source efforts improves the PCA formulation by enhancing the S-waves. Second, the Swave enhancement is improved by scaling the oppositely polarized source efforts by the vertical (not horizontal) component data, as this provides a better attenuation of non-Swave energy. Third, observation of the tool orientation as it exits the borehole is helpful in resolving the 180degree azimu...
Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property

This paper, following on Michael F. Brown's Who Owns Native Culture?, suggests that intellectual property law, negotiation, and human rights precepts can work together to address indigenous claims to heritage protection. Granting intellectual property rights in such spheres as traditional knowledge and folklore does not threaten the public domain in the same way that expansion of intellectual property rights in more commercial spheres does. It is not so much a question of the public domain versus corporate and indigenous interests, as it is a question of the impact corporate interests have had on the indigenous claims. Indeed indigenous peoples' claims are in many respects more properly aligned with the interests of the public. In addition, there are important questions of discriminatory treatment of indigenous knowledge by the present regime of intellectual property. The scope and source of the rights being advanced by indigenous peoples are integral to indigenous culture, interests properly protected under human rights law.
The Female Cycle

Monthly bleeding may have been commonplace among nuns, spinsters, and the infertile centuries ago, but it could hardly have been common among the women to whose uteri we all owe our existence. When they were not pregnant, their breast feeding encouraged lactation, which suppressed ovarian cycling. Short (1976) estimates that it may have been uncommon to experience three consecutive menstrual cycles in a lifetime under these conditions. Accordingly, the female endocrine system’s menstrual cycle has not been subjected to selection pressure for its clock-like attributes. In fact, there are diverse clues that some fraction of women are reflex ovulators, not spontaneous cyclers at all (Clark and Zarrow, 1971).1 In a reflex ovulator, mature follicles await rupture by a surge of hormone which is elicited only by sexual stimulation. The ovum then starts its journey down the fallopian tube, and pregnancy (or, less likely, recycling) ensues.
Concentrator testing using projected images

The projected image system can be used to evaluate concentrator optical properties by comparing images reflected onto the ceiling of the test facility to theoretical facet outlines. This system was tested by comparing ceiling images to facet outlines computed using facet characteristics measured by the digital image radiometer (DIR) optical measuring system. The agreement was good, confirming the accuracy of both optical systems. Six facets were mounted in the centers of the pie sectors of one hexagonal panel. Differences between the facets and facet nonsymmetries were observed in photographs of the ceiling images of these facets.
Political Realism in Apocalyptic Times

From climate change to nuclear war to the rise of demagogic populists, our world is shaped by doomsday expectations. In this path-breaking book, Alison McQueen shows why three of history's greatest political realists feared apocalyptic politics. Niccolo Machiavelli in the midst of Italy's vicious power struggles, Thomas Hobbes during England's bloody civil war, and Hans Morgenthau at the dawn of the thermonuclear age all saw the temptation to prophesy the end of days. Each engaged in subtle and surprising strategies to oppose apocalypticism, from using its own rhetoric to neutralize its worst effects to insisting on a clear-eyed, tragic acceptance of the human condition. Scholarly yet accessible, this book is at once an ambitious contribution to the history of political thought and a work that speaks to our times.
Site-Specific Chemokine Expression Regulates Central Nervous System Inflammation and Determines Clinical Phenotype in Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

The adoptive transfer of myelin-reactive T cells into wild-type hosts results in spinal cord inflammation and ascending paralysis, referred to as conventional experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as opposed to brainstem inflammation and ataxia, which characterize disease in IFN-γRKO hosts (atypical EAE). In this article, we show that atypical EAE correlates with preferential upregulation of CXCL2 in the brainstem, and is driven by CXCR2-dependent recruitment of neutrophils. In contrast, conventional EAE is associated with upregulation of CCL2 in the spinal cord, and is driven by recruitment of monocytes via a partially CCR2-dependent pathway. This study illustrates how regional differences in chemokine expression within a target organ shape the spatial pattern and composition of autoimmune infiltrates, leading to disparate clinical outcomes.
On the characters of exponential groups

Abstract Let G be an exponential solvable group, O an orbit of the coadjoint representation and T the corresponding irreducible unitary representation of G. A polynomial function P, such that P ¦ O is positive and semi-invariant, determines a positive, self-adjoint operator A on the space of T. Using the resulution of singularities by H. Hironaka, one shows, under suitable conditions on O, that the function t → Tr(AtT(ϑ)At)(ϑ ϵ Cc∞(G), fix) admits a meromorphic analytic continuation, with poles on the real axis.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 172

Abstract Nuclear spectroscopic data for known nuclides of mass number 172 (Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Hf,Ta,W,Re,Os,Ir,Pt,Au) have been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies and Jπ of levels in these nuclei. No data are yet available for excited states in 172 Ho, 172 Pt and 172 Au. This evaluation represents a revision of earlier Nuclear Data Sheets for A=172 (87Wa15,75Gr17). No experimental data are available for 172 Gd, 172 Dy, 172 Hg, and 172 Pb. Structure calculations related to deformation, moments, superdeformed shapes, and intruder levels have been reported by 84Sa16 (for 172 Gd, 172 Dy), 87Ne03 and 87Ne07 (for 172 Dy), 93Na05 and 94Pa29 (for 172 Hg) and 85He09 (for 172 Pb). Recently, 95Hi02 have reported a study of the α and ϵ decay of 172 Os. The authors have proposed, for the first time, a level scheme of 172 Re with 9 excited states incorporating 11 γ rays. The following energy levels (γ ray) are populated in 172 Os ϵ decay: 63.0+y(63.0γ); 161.4+y(98.4γ); 169.8+y(106.8γ); 185.0+y(122.0γ); 239.8+y(176.7γ,239.8γ); 274.1+y(211.1γ); 291.5+y(228.4γ,291.5γ); 360.5+y(120.7γ); 906.3+y(843.3γ). The authors list the following γ rays with energy (intensity): 63.0 3 (100), 98.4 4 (1), 106.8 4 (1), 120.7 4 (2), 122.0 4 ( 1 ), 159.9 4 (4 1 ), 176.7 2 (40 6 ), 211.1 4 (2), 226.1 5 (2), 228.4 4 (2), 239.8 2 (37 7 ), 291.5 3 (5.5 12 ), 843.3 10 (4 2 ), 1120.1 15 (15 10 ). Levels populated are stated in adapted levels, gammas. Consult ENSDF for 172 Re for details.
“Disguised” Unemployment Once Again: East Pakistan, 1951–1961

The concept of “disguised” unemployment plays an important role in development theorizing, yet its empirical content is uncertain. This paper studies the problem in rural East Pakistan, a densely‐populated rice‐producing area of South Asia. It is shown, using data on output and workers per acre and cropped acreage, that between 1951 and 1961 the degree of “disguised” unemployment increased sharply, amounting to some 20 percent of the 1961 labor force. This is attributed to the rapid population growth, which had begun two decades earlier, plus the fixed supply of other factors. The labor surplus that developed seems to have been largely “disguised” through work‐sharing, that is, a reduction in average hours worked per worker.
Characterization of slow-growing root nodule bacteria from Inga oerstediana in organic coffee agroecosystems in Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract The leguminous tree genus Inga is thought to be critical for providing N to certified organic coffee shrubs that commonly grow beneath its shade in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Organic certification prohibits use of synthetic N fertilizers, necessitating understanding of the Inga–rhizobia symbiosis. The objectives of this study were to: (1) establish a collection of isolates from Inga sp. nodules found on organic coffee farms in Chiapas, Mexico; (2) use phenotypic and genotypic approaches to characterize these isolates, and (3) examine cross-inoculation patterns of strains isolated from Inga sp. with other Inga species and N2-fixing trees. Eighty-three strains were isolated from root nodules of Inga oerstediana, Inga pavoniana and an unknown species of Inga. Aside from isolates of I. pavoniana, Inga isolates demonstrate characteristics consistent with Bradyrhizobium. Dendrograms generated using phylogenetic and phenotypic traits showed strains to exhibit significant diversity, even among strains originating from the same farm. Strains isolated from I. pavoniana were 95% similar, and displayed strikingly different characteristics from strains isolated from other species. Cross-inoculation experiments used three Inga strains (cowpea miscellany CB756, and isolates from I. oerstediana and I. sp.) as inoculants with I. edulis, I. fuellii, Acacia mangium, Acacia koa, Vigna unguculata and Gliricidia sepium. All three strains formed nodules containing leghaemoglobin with V. unguculata, while isolates from I. oerstediana, Inga sp. and cowpea miscellany formed nodules with I. feulli and I. edulis, but not with A. mangium and G. sepium. A. koa formed nodules containing leghaemoglobin when inoculated by cowpea miscellany strain CB756 and the strain from Inga sp., but nodules formed with the strain isolated from I. oerstediana did not contain leghaemoglobin. One and two-way ANOVA results showed that no mean biomass of inoculated seedlings was significantly greater than the −N control for each of A. koa, G. sepium, A. mangium (p
Emerging Scholars Examine a New Ethical Landscape

Drumwright, M. E. (Ed.). (2014). Ethical issues in communication professions: New agendas in communication. New York, NY: Routledge. 279 pp., $54.95 (Pbk).“Dynamic, rapid, and radical changes are t...
Playing games with games: the hypergame paradox

A new paradox offers the opportunity to recapture the sense of confusion and uncertainty that faced mathematicians in the early part of the twentieth century, including those common initial feelings that the eventual fix is a dishonest legalism which walks around a key question instead of answering it. Also, it provides a new probe with which to explore the relationship between paradox and proof. I stumbled across the Hypergame Paradox when I was teaching a section on games and strategies for a "Mathematics for the Liberal Arts Major" course occasionally offered at Union College, and an idea for a bonus test question came to me. Let us define a game G to be totally finite if it satisfies the following conditions:
Ionic surface diffusion coefficients using an electrostatic patchy charge model

Abstract A three-dimensional electrostatic patchy charge model is developed to compute surface diffusion coefficients as a function of background ionic strength for sodium counter-ions adsorbed at the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) of a charged montmorillonite | aqueous interface. The model preserves the discrete nature of the montmorillonite lattice charge by arranging discrete patches of different charge densities at the surface. The salinity dependence of the surface diffusion coefficients arises from an electrical energy barrier to translation of counter-ions along the IHP which is due to the oscillating electrostatic potential profile at the surface. This energy barrier is computed numerically using a three-dimensional finite-element program. We discuss the assumptions implicit in the patchy charge model, and we point out the advantages of performing the three-dimensional calculation over other widely used approaches to modeling heterogeneously charged surfaces. The influence of the critical model parameters on the behavior of the surface diffusion coefficients with changing electrolyte strength is explored. The predicted dependence of the surface diffusion coefficients on ionic strength from the patchy charge calculation yields excellent agreement with experimental data on the conductivity of water-saturated shaly sands.
Process Modeling in Laser Deposition of Multilayer SS410 Steel

Summary of Original Contributions Although higher travel speeds seem to be beneﬁcial for theuniformity of the microstructure and hardness of the material, thiscan only be achieved with careful control of other process param-eters. The main contribution of this work is to show the need tocontrol laser power in order to obtain the desired results. This wasnot addressed in Costa et al. 12 and other modeling works 7because the liquidus temperature of the alloy was used as bound-ary condition in newly deposited elements, hence the effect oflaser power is missed. Actually, measurements of the temperaturein the molten pool have shown that the liquid is signiﬁcantlysuperheated 3 . As illustrated in Fig. 5, the power must be ad-justed not only from layer to layer, but also during depositionalong a same layer in order to avoid edge effects. Insufﬁcient laserpower may result in porosity due to lack of fusion, while exces- Fig. 9 Volume fraction of austenite at the time instant after the tenth layer is deposited.
A Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Ni(II)/Cr(II) coupling approach to the phomactins.

Through a unified synthetic strategy, appropriately functionalized bicyclic starting materials can be elaborated via Ni(II)/Cr(II) macrocylization to [9.3.1] bicycles. Elaboration of these core str...
The Biology and Pathogenicity of the Awl Nematode, Dolichodorus Heterocefhalus

Dolichodorus heterocephalus multiplied on corn, garden balsam, tomato, cabbage and bean in the greenhouse. In pot tests, dry root weights of corn and garden balsam were reduced significantly. Individual nematodes fed at one location on tomato roots for up to 7 days. In monoxenic culture, discrete lesions and galls formed on parasitized roots. Prolonged feeding resulted in inhibition of normal root growth. Histological examination revealed that cortical cell nuclei were enlarged. Groups of brownish, discolored cells occurred in localized areas of the cortex and endodermis. Differentiated vascular tissues were nearer to the root tip in parasitized roots as compared to nonparasitized roots. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy occurred within root galls. The life stages were differentiated and described. Females that possessed bluntly rounded tails were proved to be morphologic variants of D. heterocephalus.
Induction of geranyl pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity by cholesterol‐suppressive isoprenoids

Diets supplemented (1 mmol/kg) with thymol, carvacrol, and beta-ionone significantly decreased the serum cholesterol levels of cockerels. These mevalonate-derived end products of plant secondary metabolism (isoprenoids) had no impact on two cytosolic prenyl alcohol (and ethanol) dehydrogenase activities; each treatment increased microsomal geranyl pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity by greater than twofold. The structural diversity of the isoprenoids which suppress cholesterol synthesis may be reconciled by their ability to increase pyrophosphatase activity, thus leading to the production of the endogenous, post-transcriptional regulator of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity.
Predicting HPV status in head and neck cancer: the predictive value of sociodemographic and disease characteristics.

Objective To determine whether the human papillomavirus (HPV) status of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) can be reliably predicted based on sociodemographic and disease characteristics alone. Design A retrospective medical chart review of clinical and pathologic features. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Patients We studied patients treated for HNSCC who were tested for markers of HPV or had tissue available for testing between 2006 and 2010. Main Outcome Measures Four otolaryngology–head and neck surgery trainees were given the database of patient clinical and pathologic features and asked to predict the HPV status for each patient. The trainees' responses were scored for accuracy, positive and negative predictive value, and interrater agreement. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of HPV positivity. Results A total of 174 patients meeting inclusion criteria were identified, 95 of whom were determined to have HPV-positive tumor tissue. Residents were able to accurately predict HPV status in 110 to 125 patients (63%-72%), with positive predictive values of 76% to 84% and negative predictive values of 61% to 69%. The only variables significantly related to HPV status were male sex (P = .01) and oropharyngeal subsite (P = .02). Only 4 patients had a “typical” HPV-positive profile. Conclusions Knowledge of cancer stage, primary site, basaloid features, tumor differentiation, and presence of cystic neck disease and patient age, race, and smoking status did not allow accurate predictions of HPV status in many patients. Clinical testing of tumor tissue remains essential for a diagnosis of HPV-positive disease.
Lupeol, a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer dietary triterpene

In the Western world, an average of 250 mg per day of triterpenes (member of phytosterol family), largely derived from vegetable oils, cereals, fruits and vegetables is consumed by humans. During the last decade, there has been an unprecedented escalation of interest in triterpenes due to their cholesterol-lowering properties and evidence of this phenomenon include at least 25 clinical studies, 20 patents and at least 10 major commercially triterpene-based products currently being sold all around the world. Lupeol a triterpene (also known as Fagarsterol) found in white cabbage, green pepper, strawberry, olive, mangoes and grapes was reported to possess beneficial effects as a therapeutic and preventive agent for a range of disorders. Last 15 years have seen tremendous efforts by researchers worldwide to develop this wonderful molecule for its clinical use for the treatment of variety of disorders. These studies also provide insight into the mechanism of action of Lupeol and suggest that it is a multi-target agent with immense anti-inflammatory potential targeting key molecular pathways which involve nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), cFLIP, Fas, Kras, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Wnt/beta-catenin in a variety of cells. It is noteworthy that Lupeol at its effective therapeutic doses exhibit no toxicity to normal cells and tissues. This mini review provides detailed account of preclinical studies conducted to determine the utility of Lupeol as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent for the treatment of inflammation and cancer.
Additional investigations on hypobiosis of Ostertagia ostertagi after transfer between northern and southern U.S.A.

Abstract Frank G. R. , Herd R. P. , Marbury K. S. , Williams J. C. and Willis E. R. 1988. Additional investigations on hypobiosis of Ostertagia ostertagi after transfer between northern and southern U.S.A. International Journal for Parasitology 18 : 171–177. In a previous study the different hypobiotic responses by northern and southern isolates of O. ostertagi , when compared side by side in the north (Ohio) and the south (Louisiana), indicated a genetic difference between the two isolates. The pattern and frequency of hypobiosis of the transferred isolates were followed for an additional 2-year period. In the north, the northern isolate showed a higher mean frequency of hypobiosis (20.3–40.2%) than the southern isolate (0–0.3%) in the autumn. In spring, the southern isolate exhibited a higher mean frequency of hypobiosis (35.7–81.7%) than the northern isolate (13.4–20.2%). In the south, both isolates showed low mean frequencies of hypobiosis in the autumn; 0% for the northern isolate and 5.4–14.4% for the southern isolate. In the spring, the southern isolate exhibited a higher mean frequency of hypobiosis (64.9%) than the northern isolate (3.0%). It appeared that the transplanted northern isolate had not adapted to respond to environmental stimuli in the south, whereas the southern isolate continued to respond to spring stimuli in both the north and the south, with no adaptation to autumn stimuli in the north.
Stories to be told: Korean doctors between hwa-byung (fire-illness) and depression, 1970-2011.

This article analyzes the process of the making of hwa-byung (fire illness) an internationally recognized term for a Korean emotion-related disorder. To index hwa-byung as a valid condition within professional medical circles, Koreans draw on both the traditional idea of “constrained fire” and the DSM’s modern identification of “depressive disorders.” Examining the research on hwa-byung since the 1970s, conducted by both Korean psychiatrists and doctors of traditional medicine, this article demonstrates how inextricably conceptions of Korean-ness in medicine have been tied to the right positioning of Korea in a global context. The project of defining a uniquely Korean malady reflects the desire of medical professionals to make the indigenous meaningful, thereby guaranteeing a tool for gaining circulation and foreign recognition. Studies of hwa-byung since the 2000s have in many ways been a reflection of the endeavor to interpret patients’ narratives as a therapeutic resource. Some hwa-byung specialists have dealt with patients’ stories of illness over time and argue for establishing better techniques of clinical communication. Whereas the label of hwa-byung initiated the indigenous turn during the 1980s, now the term succinctly responds to the recent trend of exploring the colloquial dimension of medicine. This also demonstrates the way in which hwa-byung has been (dis)assembled at the junction of global and domestic flows.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor Type 2 Is an Important Mediator of TNF alpha Function in the Mouse Ovary

It is believed that a finite pool of primordial follicles is established during embryonic and neonatal life. At birth, the mouse ovary consists of clusters of interconnected oocytes surrounded by pregranulosa cells. Shortly after birth these structures, termed germ cell cysts or nests (GCN), break down to facilitate primordial follicle formation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is a widely expressed protein with myriad functions. TNF is expressed in the ovary and may regulate GCN breakdown in rats. We investigated whether it participates in GCN breakdown and follicle formation in mice by using an in vitro ovary culture system as well as mutant animal models. We found that TNF and both receptors (TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B) are expressed in neonatal mouse ovaries and that TNF promotes oocyte death in neonatal ovaries in vitro. However, deletion of either receptor did not affect follicle endowment, suggesting that TNF does not regulate GCN breakdown in vivo. Tnfrsf1b deletion led to an apparent acceleration of follicular growth and a concomitant expansion of the primordial follicle population. This expansion of the primordial follicle population does not appear to be due to decreased primordial follicle atresia, although this cannot be ruled out completely. This study demonstrates that mouse oocytes express both TNF receptors and are sensitive to TNF-induced death. Additionally, TNFRSF1B is demonstrated to be an important mediator of TNF function in the mouse ovary and an important regulator of folliculogenesis.
The interaction of human serum protein fractions with the starch-iodine complex.

Abstract When starch-agar gel electrophoretic patterns are treated with iodine solution, decolorization in zones corresponding to the various protein fractions becomes more pronounced with time. This progressive loss of color cannot be ascribed entirely to the amylolytic activity since the starch-iodine reaction is influenced by serum proteins other than amylase. Increasing the starch concentration of iodine solution produces a relatively uniform rise in blue color intensity. However, this chromogenic response is greatly diminished by native human serum albumin or γ-globulin. The ability of these two fractions to dissipate starch-iodine color is lessened if the proteins are pre-iodinated. In the presence of fluoride, an amylase inhibitor, normal and pathologic sera are still capable of decolorizing starch-iodine solution to varying degrees. An interaction of serum proteins with available iodine would appear to account for this phenomenon.
Technique to produce daily estimates of the migrating diurnal tide using TIMED/SABER and EOS Aura/MLS

A technique to explicitly compute the day-to-day variability of the migrating diurnal tide (DW1) between 20 km and 80 km on a global scale is presented and analyzed. Our method employs temperature data from two satellite instruments: the MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) instrument on the EOS (Earth Observing System) Aura spacecraft and the SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) instrument on the TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) spacecraft. By taking advantage of the four daily solar local time measurements from the two instruments, a least squares fit representing the DW1 is constructed. Consequently, the daily zonal mean, DW1 amplitude and phase are all estimated on a daily basis. Before the implementation of our technique, a comparative analysis between the instrument data sets is conducted. The analysis reveals temperature biases of up to 10 K, which are removed to improve our estimates. To evaluate performance, our method is applied to a model atmosphere constructed from tidal fields obtained from the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM). Performance results indicate that the DW1 is most effectively extracted from the background atmosphere and other tidal components when each latitude circle is well sampled and the local time sampling is evenly spaced. A comparison of our results to the GSWM and past observations support the conclusion that our method produces daily estimates of the DW1 that can be utilized for scientifically useful investigations of short term tidal variability.
An inexpensive multispectral scaling module

Abstract A NIM standard module is described which provides the binary timing words for memory routing necessary for multispectral scaling. The unit allows selection of time bases from 0.1 μs to 103 s for any number (1 through 63) of time channels. A circuit is included which insures the tagging of the ADC address with the correct timing word even for time bases which are short compared to the ADC conversion time.
The importance of clonal heterogeniety and interexperiment variability in modeling the eukaryotic cell cycle

Abstract Many models of the eukaryotic cell cycle find their motivation and/or justification in the analysis of observed interdivision time. In the presence of clonal heterogeneity, however, certain measures such as correlations are skewed in the positive direction. We show how biases arise from pooling heterogeneous data and, with our own data, show how to test for it and correct for its effects in parameter estimates. We discuss what implications this has for models of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
SPENK: adding another level of parallelism on the cell broadband engine

The Cell Broadband Engine (CBE) is a heterogeneous multi-core processor with unique design properties for high-performance computing. It consists of one Power Processing Element (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs) connected with the Elements Interconnect Network (EIB). It employs novel techniques, such as software managed cache, to hide memory latency and guarantee, by default, maximum utilization for the overall system resources. However, utilization of these facilities requires complex designs and implementations of algorithms to get best performance. In this paper we discuss our micro-threading model realized by a nano-kernel implemented on top of each SPE. SPE's Nano-kernel, or SPENK, employs the micro-threading model to increase the utilization of the CBE resources while simplifying the programming model. Our framework boosted processor's overall performance by a factor of five compared to the current threading model. It allowed us to build a distributed model for the SPEs' tasks management and automated Local Storage (LS) management. We further utilized the micro-threading model to build an event based programming model on top of the CBE architecture. We tested our framework on two types of algorithms: (1) Uniform memory access algorithms, such as parallel summation, and (2) Non-uniform or irregular memory access algorithms, specifically tree spanning algorithms. For the first type of algorithms we could obtain up to three times performance improvement and fivefold performance improvement in the second type of algorithms.
Chandra, Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, and Very Large Array Observations of the Active Binary System σ2 Coronae Borealis

We present the results of a coordinated observing campaign on the short-period RS CVn binary σ2 Coronae Borealis (F6V + G0V; Porb = 1.14 days) with the Very Large Array, the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer. The radio emission is consistent with previously determined quiescent gyrosynchrotron properties. Multiple flares were seen with Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, five occurring within two consecutive orbital periods. The first of these flares was observed with Chandra. The Chandra observations of σ2 CrB showed no systematic variations of line fluxes, widths, or Doppler shifts with orbital phase, nor any response in line width or offset due to the flare. This is consistent with both stars being equally active coronal emitters. We have developed a self-consistent method of spectral analysis to derive information from the line and continuum emissions concerning the distribution of plasma with temperature and elemental abundances. A bimodal temperature distribution is appropriate for both quiescent and flare intervals, with a stable peak at 6-8 MK and another variable enhancement at higher temperatures, with evidence for significant contribution from temperatures up to 50 MK during the flare, compared to 30 MK during quiescence. The iron abundance is subsolar during quiescence but is enriched by about a factor of 2 during a large flare seen with Chandra. The noble gas elements neon and argon show elevated abundances with respect to iron, but there is no clear evidence for any first ionization potential-based abundance pattern during quiescence or the flare. We have determined coronal electron densities from the helium-like ions O VII, Ne IX, Mg XI, and Si XIII, which imply densities ≥1010 cm-3. There is a small enhancement in the electron densities derived for the flare, but it is not statistically significant. We call attention to electron temperature constraints provided by the ratios of 1s2 1S0-1snp 1P1 transitions of the helium-like ions O VII, Ne IX, Mg XI, and Si XIII. The derived coronal electron pressures change by 1-2 orders of magnitude over a 25% change in temperature, implying nonisobaric coronal conditions. We find no evidence for significant departures from the effectively thin coronal assumption. The electron densities inferred from the soft X-ray spectra are inconsistent with cospatial gyrosynchrotron emission; further observations are necessary to discriminate the relative locations of the radio and soft X-ray-emitting plasma.
Synthesis, structure, and LLCT transitions in terminal hydrazido(2-) bipyridine complexes of titanium.

Addition of 2,2‘-bipyridine and its derivatives to Ti(NMe2)2(dpma), where dpma is N,N-di(pyrrolyl-α-methyl)-N-methylamine, followed by various hydrazine derivatives was used to generate a series of terminal hydrazido(2−) complexes. Among the new complexes is Ti[NN(H)Ph](But-bpy)(dpma), which was structurally characterized, where But-bpy is 4,4‘-tert-butyl-2,2‘-bipyridine. Other new complexes reported are Ti(NNMe2)(Me-bpy)(dpma), Ti(NNMe2)(bpy)(dpma), Ti(NNMe2)(Ph-bpy)(dpma), Ti[NN(Me)Ph](But-bpy)(dpma), Ti[NN(Me)p-tolyl](But-bpy)(dpma), and Ti[NN(Me)4-FC6H4](But-bpy)(dpma). Titanium hydrazido(2−) complexes bearing bpy substituents possess a low-energy transition, leading them to have blue or green colors, which is somewhat unusual for titanium(IV) species. Through absorption studies on the derivatives, it was determined that the low-energy transition is the result of an unusual ligand-to-ligand charge transfer where electron density residing on the hydrazido(2−) is transferred to the bpy π* orbitals.
Variational calculations of subbands in a quantum well with uniform electric field: Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization approach

We present variational calculations of subband eigenstates in an infinite quantum well with an applied electric field using Gram–Schmidt orthogonalized trial wave functions. The results agree very well with the exact numerical solutions even up to 1200 kV/cm. We also show that for increasing electric fields the energy of the ground state decreases, while that of higher subband states increases slightly up to 1000 kV/cm and then decreases for a well size of 100 A.
Free radical mechanism of oxidation of uroporphyrinogen in the presence of ferrous iron.

Human porphyria cutanea tarda is an unusual consequence of common hepatic disorders such as alcoholic liver disease. Hepatic iron plays a key role in the expression of the metabolic lesions, i.e., defective hepatic decarboxylation of porphyrinogens, catalyzed by uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. This prompted the present study to determine the in vitro effects of iron on the uroporphyrinogen substrate in the absence and presence of atmospheric oxygen. We observed that (i) unless oxygen is the limiting reactant, autoxidation of ferrous iron and iron-catalyzed oxidation of uroporphyrinogen occurred soon after initiating the reaction at pH 7.4 and 30 degrees C in buffers which are non- or poor chelators of iron; (ii) the rates of uroporphyrinogen oxidation were proportional to the initial concentration of ferrous ion; (iii) about 70% of the oxidations of uroporphyrinogen were accountable due to a free-radical chain reaction pathway involving superoxide radical and hence inhibitable by superoxide dismutase; (iv) uroporphyrinogen could be further oxidized to completion by the hydroxyl radical since the reaction was partially inhibited by both mannitol and catalase which prevent hydroxyl radical production; (v) the oxidizing effects of ferric ion on uroporphyrinogen were none or negligible as compared to those of ferrous ion. Ferric was reduced to ferrous ion in the presence of dithiothreitol. When the ferrous ion thus formed was reoxidized in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, minor but definite oxidations of both uroporphyrinogen and dithiothreitol were observed. The oxidations of Fe2+ and uroporphyrinogen could be blocked by 1,10-phenanthroline, a ferrous iron chelator. The data suggest that ferrous is the reactive form of iron that may contribute to pathogenic development of the disease by irreversibly oxidizing the porphyrinogen substrates to nonmetabolizable porphyrins, which accumulate in porphyric liver.
Stabilization of companion form systems by mean zero noise

It is shown that the Lyapunov exponents of a linear system with companion form d x d-matrix can be squeezed into an arbitrarily small neighborhood of trace A/d by means of mean zero degenerate real noise or a combination of real and white noise. In particular, the damped inverse pendulum can be stabilized by such a noise. The proof includes a random transformation of the coordinate system and a stochastic averaging principle.
Mortality in nineteenth century America: estimates from New York and Pennsylvania census data, 1865 and 1900.

Given the lack of information on mortality in the nineteenth century United States, it seems appropriate to apply techniques which have been created for mortality estimation for developing nations with inadequate vital registration data, to the historical American experience. Two such related sets of techniques are the Brass, Sullivan, and Trussell methods and the technique here called the Surviving Children Method, which utilizes the age structure of surviving children and the number of children ever born to women in various age or duration of marriage categories. Both techniques estimate child mortality. Coale and Demeny model life tables are used to extend child mortality estimates to adult mortality. The techniques are applied to census manuscript samples from seven New York counties in 1865 and seven Pennsylvania counties in 1900, both censuses having information on children ever born. The estimates confirm a drop in mortality between 1865 and 1900 in New York and large differentials between native and foreign-born populations as well as between rural and urban populations.
Using annotations to support multiple kinds of versioning in an object-oriented database system

The concept of annotation from object-oriented languages is adapted to object-oriented databases. It is shown how annotations can be used to model activities such as constraint checking, default values, and triggers. Annotations also are an appropriate way to model different versioning concepts. This paper discusses three kinds of versioning—histories, revisions, and alternatives—and demonstrates how each one can be modeled effectively using annotations. The use of annotations also allows other kinds of versioning to be defined extensibly, and arbitrary combinations of versions can be handled easily.
Shear strengths of aluminium nitride and titanium diboride under plane shock wave compression

On fait la comparaison des estimations des contraintes en paralleles la nitrure de l'aluminium et la diborure de titane obtenues (a) par des mesures simultanees de contraintes longitudinales et laterales au moyen d'une jauge manganin sous chargemnt d'une onde de choc plane (b) avec ceux calcules a partir de l'hydrodynamique et l'Hugoniot de ces materiaux. Le resultat de ce travail que les contraintes obtenues par ces deux methodes sont identiques pour le diborure de titane,ne le sont pas pour le nitrure d 'aluminiums.
Neutralizing the impact factor culture

In the letter “Painful publishing” by M. Raff et al. (4 July, p. [36][1]) and in the accompanying Editorial “Reviewing peer review” by B. Alberts et al. (4 July, p. [15][2]), the authors succinctly outline the pressure being felt by both junior and senior scientists to publish in highprofile journals. Although not defined by the authors, high-profile journals are generally identified by and have become synonymous with Thomson high-impact factor scores. A common, but deeply flawed, practice has been to equate the importance and quality of a paper with the impact factor score of the journal in which it is published. In many cases, decisions on obtaining jobs, seeking tenure and receiving promotions and grants are being based on the impact factor of the journals in which an individual publishes. This creates enormous pressure to publish in high-impact factor journals. This situation has become so extreme that in some institutions the impact factor of each published paper in a scientist's bibliography is being requested and/or checked, junior scientists have become reluctant to initiate experiments that may not lead to publication in high-impact factor journals, and candidates for certain positions are being told that their chances are slim if they don't have papers in Science , Nature , or the like. As a result, many scientists are now more concerned about building high-impact factor bibliographies than their science. The adverse effects of the impact factor culture must be reversed before more damage is done to the orderly process of scientific discovery. Although there may be no way of stopping computer-generated evaluation of journals and published papers, the scientific community certainly can control its use. To accomplish this, several concrete steps should be taken. First, each institution should make it clear, in a written statement, that it will not use the impact factor or the like to evaluate the contributions and accomplishments of its staff. Second, the heads of laboratories should prepare similar written statements and in addition discuss in depth with their fellows the importance of solid step-by-step science. Third, the editors of journals published by professional societies, joined by as many other journal editors as are willing, should indicate that they will not advertise, massage, or even state the impact factor score of their respective journals. By means such as these, it might be possible to put science back on the right track. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.321.5885.36a [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1162115